Annotated Checklists of Fishes

An electronic journal published by the California Academy of Sciences

ISSN 1545-150X [CD-ROM]

View Annotated Checklists arranged

Sequentially | Alphabetically by family | Phylogenetically

Phylogenetic Classification of Fish Families

Click on a highlighted family name to view or download the checklist in postscript document format [PDF]

Introduction to the series Annotated Checklists of Fishes

1 Class Myxini
1. Order Myxiniformes
1. Myxinidae (hagfishes)
1 Myxininae
2 Eptatretinae

3 Class Cephalaspidomorphi
5. Order Petromyzontiformes
2. Petromyzontidae (lampreys)
1 Petromyzontinae
2 Geotriinae
3 Mordaciinae

5 Class Elasmobranchii
6. Order Hexanchiformes
7. Hexanchidae (cow sharks)
7.6 Chlamydoselachidae (frill sharks)

7. Order Heterodontiformes
8. Heterodontidae (bullhead and horn sharks)

8. Order Orectolobiformes
9. Rhincodontidae (whale sharks)
10.1 Parascylliidae (collared carpet sharks)
10.2 Brachaeluridae (blind sharks)
10.3 Orectolobidae (wobbegons)
10.4 Hemiscylliidae (bamboo sharks)
10.5 Stegostomatidae (zebra sharks)
10.6 Ginglymostomatidae (nurse sharks)

8.5 Order Lamniformes
11. Odontaspididae (sand tiger sharks)
11.2 Mitsukurinidae (goblin sharks)
11.3 Pseudocarchariidae (crocodile sharks)
12. Lamnidae (mackerel sharks)
12.1 Megachasmidae (megamouth sharks)
12.2 Cetorhinidae (basking sharks)
12.3 Alopiidae (thresher sharks)

8.7 Order Carcharhiniformes
13.2 Scyliorhinidae (cat sharks)
13.3 Proscylliidae (finback catsharks)
13.4 Pseudotriakidae (false catsharks)
14.1 Leptochariidae (barbeled houndsharks)
14.2 Triakidae (houndsharks)

1 Triakinae
2 Galeorhininae

14.4 Hemigaleidae (weasel sharks)
14.5 Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks)
14.6 Sphyrnidae (hammerhead sharks)

9. Order Squaliformes
15. Dalatiidae
1 Etmopterinae
2 Somniosinae (sleeper sharks)
3 Oxynotinae
4 Dalatiinae

15.1 Centrophoridae
16. Squalidae (dogfish sharks)
16.1 Echinorhinidae (bramble sharks)

9.5 Order Pristiophoriformes
17. Pristiophoridae (saw sharks)

9.7 Order Squatiniformes
18. Squatinidae (angel sharks)

9.8 Order Pristiformes
19. Pristidae (sawfishes)

10. Order Torpediniformes
20. Torpedinidae (electric rays)
1 Torpedininae
2 Hypninae

20.2 Narcinidae
1 Narcininae
2 Narkinae

10.5 Order Rajiformes (skates and rays)
21. Rhinobatidae (guitarfishes)
1 Rhinobatinae
2 Rhynchobatinae
3 Rhininae
4 Platyrhininae (thornbacks)

22. Rajidae (skates)
22.1 Anacanthobatidae (smooth skates)
22.2 Plesiobatidae (deepwater stingrays)
22.3 Hexatrygonidae (sixgill stingrays)
23.1 Dasyatidae (stingrays)
23.2 Gymnuridae (butterfly rays)

23.3 Myliobatidae
1 Myliobatinae (eagle rays)
2 Rhinopterinae (cownose rays)
3 Mobulinae (manta and devil rays)

23.4 Urolophidae (round stingrays)
23.5 Potamotrygonidae (river stingrays)

6 Class Holocephali
1. Order Chimaeriformes
3. Callorhinchidae (plownose chimaeras)
4. Chimaeridae (shortnose chimaeras or ratfishes)
5. Rhinochimaeridae (longnose chimaeras)

8 Class Actinopterygii
7. Order Polypteriformes
32. Polypteridae (bichirs)

7.5 Order Acipenseriformes
33. Acipenseridae (sturgeons)
34. Polyodontidae (paddlefishes)

18. Order Lepisosteiformes
35. Lepisosteidae (gars)

22. Order Amiiformes
36. Amiidae (bowfins)

29. Order Osteoglossiformes
37. Osteoglossidae (bonytongues)
37.5 Arapaimidae (arapaimas)
38. Pantodontidae
39. Hiodontidae (mooneyes)
40. Notopteridae (knifefishes or featherbacks)
41. Mormyridae (elephantfishes)
42. Gymnarchidae

30. Order Elopiformes
43. Elopidae (tenpounders and ladyfishes)
44. Megalopidae (tarpons)

30.5 Order Albuliformes
45. Albulidae (bonefishes)
1 Albulinae
2 Pterothrissinae

31. Order Notacanthiformes
46. Halosauridae (halosaurs)
47. Notacanthidae (spiny eels)

32. Order Anguilliformes
49. Anguillidae (freshwater eels)
50. Heterenchelyidae
51. Moringuidae (spaghetti eels)
52. Chlopsidae (false morays)
53. Myrocongridae
54. Muraenidae (morays)

1 Uropterygiinae
2 Muraeninae

57. Synaphobranchidae
1 Ilyophinae (arrowtooth eels)
2 Synaphobranchinae (cutthroat eels)
3 Simenchelyinae (pugnose eels)

58. Ophichthidae (snake eels and worm eels)
1 Myrophinae
2 Ophichthinae

60. Colocongridae
62. Congridae (conger eels)

1 Congrinae
2 Bathymyrinae
3 Heterocongrinae (garden eels)

62.5 Muraenesocidae (pike conger eels)
63. Derichthyidae (longneck eels)
63.5 Nemichthyidae (snipe eels)
64. Serrivomeridae (sawtooth eels)
64.5 Nettastomatidae (duckbill eels)

33. Order Saccopharyngiformes
64.7 Cyematidae (bobtail eels)
65. Saccopharyngidae (swallowers or whiptail gulpers)
66. Eurypharyngidae (umbrellamouth gulpers)
67. Monognathidae (monognathids)

34. Order Clupeiformes
68. Denticipitidae (denticle herrings)
69. Clupeidae (herrings, shads, sardines and allies)
70. Engraulidae (anchovies)
71. Chirocentridae (wolf herrings)
71.5 Sundasalangidae (Sundaland noodlefishes)

35. Order Gonorynchiformes
72. Chanidae (milkfishes)
73. Gonorynchidae
74. Kneriidae
75. Phractolaemidae

36. Order Cypriniformes
76. Cyprinidae (minnows and carps)
77. Psilorhynchidae
77.5 Cobitidae (loaches)

1 Botiinae
2 Cobitinae

78. Balitoridae (hillstream and river loaches)
1 Nemacheilinae
2 Balitorinae (flat loaches)

80. Gyrinocheilidae (algae eaters)
81. Catostomidae (suckers)

37. Order Characiformes
82. Citharinidae
1 Distichodontinae
2 Citharininae

82.5 Alestiidae (African tetras)
82.7 Hepsetidae
83. Hemiodontidae
1 Parodontinae
2 Hemiodontinae

85. Curimatidae
1 Curimatinae (curimatas)
2 Prochilodontinae

85.1 Anostomidae
1 Anostominae
2 Chilodontinae

86. Erythrinidae (trahiras)
87. Lebiasinidae
1 Lebiasininae
2 Pyrrhulininae

88. Gasteropelecidae (freshwater hatchetfishes)
89. Ctenoluciidae (pike-characids)
90. Acestrorhynchidae
90.5 Cynodontidae
1 Cynodontinae
2 Roestinae

91. Characidae (characins)
1 Glandulocaudinae
4 Serrasalminae (piranhas and allies)
5 Characidiinae
6 Stethaprioninae

38. Order Siluriformes
92. Diplomystidae (diplomystid catfishes)
93. Ictaluridae (North American freshwater catfishes)
94. Bagridae (bagrid catfishes)
95. Cranoglanididae (armorhead catfishes)
96. Siluridae (sheatfishes)
97. Schilbeidae (schilbeid catfishes)
98. Pangasiidae (pangasid catfishes)
99. Amblycipitidae (torrent catfishes)
100. Amphiliidae (loach catfishes)
101. Akysidae (stream catfishes)
101.1 Parakysidae (parakysid catfishes)
102. Sisoridae (sisorid catfishes)
102.1 Erethistidae
103. Clariidae (airbreathing or labyrinth catfishes)
104. Heteropneustidae (airsac catfishes)
105. Chacidae (squarehead or angler catfishes)
106. Olyridae (olyrid catfishes)
107. Malapteruridae (electric catfishes)
108. Ariidae (sea catfishes)
109. Plotosidae (eeltail catfishes)
110. Mochokidae (squeakers and unside-down catfishes)
111. Doradidae (thorny catfishes)
112. Auchenipteridae (auchenipterid catfishes)
113. Pimelodidae (long-whiskered catfishes)
114. Ageneiosidae (bottlenose or barbelless catfishes)
115. Helogeneidae (helogeneid catfishes)
116. Cetopsidae (whalelike catfishes)
117. Hypophthalmidae (loweye catfishes)
118. Aspredinidae (banjo catfishes)
1 Bunocephalinae
2 Aspredininae
3 Hoplomyzontinae

119. Trichomycteridae (parasitic catfishes and candirus)
120. Callichthyidae (callichthyid armored catfishes)
121. Loricariidae (suckermouth armored catfishes)
121.5 Scoloplacidae (spiny dwarf catfishes)
122. Astroblepidae (climbing catfishes)

39. Order Gymnotiformes (knifefishes)
123.1 Sternopygidae (glass knifefishes)
123.2 Apteronotidae (ghost knifefishes)
123.3 Rhamphichthyidae (sand knifefishes)
123.4 Hypopomidae
123.5 Gymnotidae (nakedback knifefishes)
123.6 Electrophoridae (electric knifefishes)

39.1 Order Esociformes
129. Esocidae (pikes)
130. Umbridae (mudminnows)

40. Order Osmeriformes
131. Argentinidae (argentines)
131.5 Microstomatidae
132. Bathylagidae (deepsea smelts)
133. Opisthoproctidae (spookfishes or barreleyes)
134. Alepocephalidae (slickheads)
135. Platytroctidae (tubeshoulders)
135.5 Leptochilichthyidae (leptochilichthyids)
136. Lepidogalaxiidae (salamanderfishes)
137. Osmeridae (smelts)
138. Plecoglossidae (ayu fishes)
139. Salangidae (icefishes or noodlefishes)
141. Retropinnidae (New Zealand smelts)
1 Retropinninae (southern smelts)
2 Prototroctinae (southern graylings)

142. Galaxiidae (galaxiids)
1 Aplochitoninae
2 Galaxiinae

40.1 Order Salmoniformes
143. Salmonidae (salmonids)
1 Coregoninae (whitefishes)
2 Thymallinae (graylings)
3 Salmoninae (salmons, trouts, chars and allies)

41. Order Stomiiformes
144. Gonostomatidae (bristlemouths)
145. Sternoptychidae
1 Maurolicinae
2 Sternoptychinae (marine hatchetfishes)

146. Phosichthyidae (lightfishes)
147. Stomiidae
1 Chauliodontinae (viperfishes)
2 Stomiinae (saly dragonfishes)
3 Astronesthinae (snaggletooths)
4 Melanostomiinae (scaleless black dragonfishes)
5 Malacosteinae (loosejaws)
6 Idiacanthinae (black dragonfishes)

41.5 Order Ateleopodiformes
152.5 Ateleopodidae (jellynose fishes)

42. Order Aulopiformes
153. Aulopidae (aulopus)
154. Chlorophthalmidae (greeneyes)
154.1 Paraulopidae
154.2 Bathysauropsidae
154.5 Ipnopidae
154.6 Bathysauroididae
155. Scopelarchidae (pearleyes)
156. Notosudidae (paperbones or waryfishes)
156.5 Giganturidae (telescopefishes)
157. Synodontidae
1 Synodontinae (lizardfishes)
2 Harpadontinae (Bombay ducks)
3 Bathysaurinae

159. Paralepididae (barracudinas)
159.2 Anotopteridae (daggertooths)
161. Evermannellidae (sabertooth fishes)
162. Omosudidae (omosudids)
163. Alepisauridae (lancetfishes)
164. Pseudotrichonotidae

43. Order Myctophiformes
165. Neoscopelidae (blackchins)
166. Myctophidae (lanternfishes)

43.5 Order Lampriformes
218. Lampridae (opahs)
219. Veliferidae (velifers)
220. Lophotidae (crestfishes)
221. Radiicephalidae (tapertails)
222. Trachipteridae (ribbonfishes)
223. Regalecidae (oarfishes)
224. Stylephoridae (tube-eyes or thread-tails)

43.7 Order Polymixiiformes
236. Polymixiidae (beardfishes)

45. Order Percopsiformes
167. Percopsidae (trout perches and sand rollers)
168. Aphredoderidae (pirate perches)
169. Amblyopsidae (cavefishes)

46. Order Gadiformes
170. Muraenolepididae (eel cods)
170.5 Bregmacerotidae (codlets)
170.7 Euclichthyidae (eucla cods)
170.8 Macrouridae (grenadiers or rattails)
1 Bathygadinae
2 Macrouroidinae (southern hakes)
3 Trachyrincinae
4 Macrourinae

171. Moridae (deepsea cods)
172. Melanonidae (pelagic cods)
174. Gadidae (cods and haddocks)
174.2 Lotidae (hakes and burbots)
174.3 Phycidae (phycid hakes)
175. Merlucciidae (merluccid hakes)
3 Merlucciinae
4 Steindachneriinae

47. Order Ophidiiformes
177. Ophidiidae (cuskeels)
1 Brotulinae
2 Brotulotaeniinae
3 Ophidiinae
4 Neobythitinae

178. Carapidae
1 Carapinae (pearlfishes)
2 Pyramodontinae (pyramodontines)

179. Bythitidae (livebearing brotulas)
1 Bythitinae
2 Brosmophycinae

180. Aphyonidae (aphyonids)
180.1 Parabrotulidae (false brotulas)

48. Order Batrachoidiformes
181. Batrachoididae (toadfishes)

49. Order Lophiiformes (anglerfishes)
182. Lophiidae (goosefishes or monkfishes)
183. Antennariidae (frogfishes)
183.2 Tetrabrachiidae
183.3 Lophichthyinae
184. Brachionichthyidae (warty anglerfishes)
185. Chaunacidae (sea toads)
186. Ogcocephalidae (batfishes)
187. Caulophrynidae
187.2 Neoceratiidae
187.3 Melanocetidae
187.4 Himantolophidae (footballfishes)
187.5 Diceratiidae
192. Oneirodidae
193. Thaumatichthyidae
194. Centrophrynidae
194.1 Ceratiidae (seadevils)
194.2 Gigantactinidae (whipnoses)
194.3 Linophrynidae

50. Order Gobiesociformes
198. Gobiesocidae (clingfishes)
1 Gobiesocinae
2 Cheilobranchinae

51.5 Order Atheriniformes
213.1 Bedotiidae
213.2 Melanotaeniidae (rainbowfishes)
213.3 Pseudomugilidae (blue eyes)
213.4 Atherinidae (silversides)
1 Atherinopsinae
2 Menidiinae
4 Atherioninae
5 Atherininae

213.5 Notocheiridae
214. Telmatherinidae
215. Dentatherinidae
216. Phallostethidae

52. Order Cyprinodontiformes
207. Aplocheilidae (Old World rivulines)
208. Rivulidae (New World rivulines)
208.1 Profundulidae
208.2 Fundulidae
208.3 Valenciidae
209. Goodeidae (goodeids)
1 Empetrichthyinae
2 Goodeinae

210. Poeciliidae (poeciliids)
1 Poeciliinae (livebearers)
2 Fluviphylacinae
3 Aplocheilichthyinae

210.5 Cyprinodontidae (killifishes)
1 Cubanichthyinae
2 Cyprinodontinae

211. Anablepidae
1 Anablepinae (four-eyed fishes)
2 Jenynsiinae (jenynsiids)
3 Oxyzygonectinae

52.5 Order Beloniformes
201. Scomberesocidae (sauries)
202. Belonidae (needlefishes)
203. Hemiramphidae (halfbeaks)
1 Hemiramphinae
2 Zenarchopterinae

204. Exocoetidae (flyingfishes)
205. Adrianichthyidae
1 Oryziinae (medakas or ricefishes)
2 Adrianichthyinae (adrianichthyids)
3 Horaichthyinae

53.5 Order Stephanoberyciformes
237. Stephanoberycidae (pricklefishes)
237.1 Hispidoberycidae (hispidoberycids)
238. Melamphaidae (bigscales)
239. Gibberichthyidae (gibberfishes)

54. Order Beryciformes
229. Monocentridae (pinecone fishes)
230. Trachichthyidae (slimeheads)
231. Anomalopidae (lanterneye fishes)
232. Diretmidae (spinyfins)
233. Anoplogastridae (fangtooths)
234. Berycidae (berycids or alfonsinos)
235. Holocentridae (squirrelfishes and soldierfishes)
1 Holocentrinae (squirrelfishes)
2 Myripristinae (soldierfishes)

54.5 Order Cetomimiformes
226. Mirapinnidae (hairyfishes and ribbontails)
228. Megalomycteridae (largenose fishes)
240. Rondeletiidae (redmouth whalefishes)
241. Barbourisiidae (velvet whalefishes)
242. Cetomimidae (whalefishes)

55. Order Zeiformes
243.1 Cyttidae
243.2 Oreosomatidae
1 Pseudocyttinae
2 Oreosomatinae

243.3 Parazenidae
1 Parazeninae
2 Cyttopsinae

243.4 Zenionidae
243.5 Grammicolepididae
1 Macrurocyttinae
2 Grammicolepidinae

245. Zeidae

55.5 Order Incertae sedis
248.5 Elassomatidae (pygmy sunfishes)

56. Order Gasterosteiformes
249. Hypoptychidae (sand-eels)
251. Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks)
251.1 Aulorhynchidae (tubesnouts)
252. Indostomidae
253. Pegasidae (seamoths)

59. Order Syngnathiformes
254. Aulostomidae (trumpetfishes)
255. Fistulariidae (cornetfishes)
256. Centriscidae
1 Macroramphosinae (snipefishes)
2 Centriscinae (shrimpfishes)

258. Solenostomidae (ghost pipefishes)
259. Syngnathidae
1 Syngnathinae (pipefishes)
2 Hippocampinae (seahorses)

61. Order Synbranchiformes
261. Synbranchidae (swamp-eels)
430. Mastacembelidae (spiny-eels)
431. Chaudhuriidae

62. Order Scorpaeniformes
1. Suborder Scorpaenoidei
262.1 Sebastidae
1 Sebastinae (rockfishes and rockcods)
2 Sebastolobinae (thornyheads)

262.2 Setarchidae
262.3 Neosebastidae
262.4 Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes and allies)
2 Scorpaeninae (scorpionfishes)
5 Pteroinae (turkeyfishes and lionfishes)

262.5 Apistidae
262.6 Tetrarogidae (waspfishes)
262.7 Synanceiidae
10 Minoinae
11 Choridactylinae
12 Synanceiinae (stonefishes and allies)

264. Caracanthidae (coral crouchers)
265. Aploactinidae (velvetfishes)
266. Pataecidae (prowfishes)
266.1 Gnathanacanthidae (red velvetfishes)
267. Congiopodidae (horsefishes)

2. Suborder Dactylopteroidei
260. Dactylopteridae (helmet gurnards)

3. Suborder Platycephaloidei
267.5 Plectrogenidae
267.6 Parabembridae
267.7 Bembridae (deepwater flatheads)
268. Triglidae (searobins)
268.1 Peristediidae (armored gurnards)
269.3 Hoplichthyidae (spiny flatheads)
269.5 Platycephalidae (flatheads)

4. Suborder Anoplopomatoidei
271. Anoplopomatidae (sablefishes)

5. Suborder Hexagrammoidei
272. Hexagrammidae (greenlings)
1 Hexagramminae (greenlings)
2 Pleurogramminae (Atka mackerels)
3 Ophiodontinae (lingcods)
4 Oxylebiinae (painted greenlings)
5 Zaniolepidinae (combfishes)

5.7 Suborder Normanichthyiodei
274. Normanichthyidae

6. Suborder Cottoidei
274.5 Rhamphocottidae (horsehead sculpins or grunt sculpins)
275. Ereuniidae
275.5 Bathylutichthyidae
276. Cottidae (sculpins)
277. Cottocomephoridae
277.3 Comephoridae (Baikal oilfishes)
278.5 Abyssocottidae
278.7 Hemitripteridae (sailfin sculpins or sea ravens)
279. Psychrolutidae (fatheads)
280. Agonidae (poachers, starsnouts, rockheads and alligator fishes)
1 Agoninae
2 Anoplagoninae
3 Bathyagoninae
4 Brachyopsinae
5 Hypsagoninae
6 Bothragoninae (rockheads)

281. Cyclopteridae (lumpsuckers)
281.1 Liparidae (snailfishes)

63. Order Perciformes
248. Caproidae

1. Suborder Percoidei (Includes incertae sedis taxa)
282. Centropomidae
1 Centropominae (snooks)
2 Latinae

282.5 Ambassidae
282.9 Lateolabracidae (Asian seaperches)
283. Percichthyidae (temperate basses)
283.1 Acropomatidae (lanternbellies)
283.2 Moronidae
283.4 Polyprionidae (wreckfishes)
283.5 Dinopercidae (cavebasses)
284. Serranidae (sea basses and groupers)
1 Serraninae
2 Anthiinae
3 Epinephelinae (groupers)
4 Liopropomatinae
7 Grammistinae (soapfishes)

284.4 Ostracoberycidae
284.5 Symphysanodontidae
284.6 Centrogeniidae
286. Pseudochromidae (dottybacks)
1 Pseudochrominae
2 Pseudoplesiopinae
3 Anisochrominae
4 Congrogadinae (eelblennies)

287. Grammatidae (basslets)
287.1 Callanthiidae
288. Plesiopidae (roundheads)
1 Plesiopinae
2 Acanthoclininae (spiny basslets)

289.1 Notograptidae
289.2 Opistognathidae (jawfishes)
291. Terapontidae (grunters or tigerfishes)
292. Banjosidae
293. Kuhliidae (flagtails or aholeholes)
294. Centrarchidae (sunfishes and freshwater basses)
295. Percidae (perches and darters)
296. Priacanthidae (bigeyes)
297. Apogonidae (cardinalfishes)
1 Apogoninae
2 Pseudaminae

297.1 Epigonidae
298. Dinolestidae
299. Sillaginidae (sillagos)
300. Malacanthidae (tilefishes)
1 Malacanthinae (sand tilefishes)
2 Latilinae (tilefishes)

302. Lactariidae (false trevallies)
302.1 Scombropidae (gnomefishes)
303. Pomatomidae (bluefishes)
304. Rachycentridae (cobias)
305. Echeneidae (remoras and sharksuckers)
306. Carangidae (jacks, amberjacks, pompanos)
307. Nematistiidae (roosterfishes)
308. Coryphaenidae (dolphins or dolphinfishes)
310. Menidae (moonfishes)
311. Leiognathidae (ponyfishes or slipmouths)
312. Bramidae (pomfrets)
313. Caristiidae (veilfins or manefishes)
314. Arripidae (Australian salmons)
315. Emmelichthyidae (rovers)
316. Lutjanidae (snappers)
317. Caesionidae (fusiliers)
318. Lobotidae (tripletails)
318.1 Coiidae (tigerperches)
319. Gerreidae (mojarras)
320. Haemulidae (grunts)
321. Inermiidae (bonnetmouths)
322. Sparidae (porgys and seabreams)
323. Centracanthidae
324. Lethrinidae (emperors)
325. Nemipteridae (threadfin breams and spinycheeks)
326. Sciaenidae (croakers and drums)
326.5 Polynemidae (threadfins)
327. Mullidae (goatfishes)
329. Pempheridae (sweepers)
329.1 Glaucosomatidae
330. Leptobramidae (beachsalmon)
331. Bathyclupeidae (bathyclupeids)
332. Toxotidae (archerfishes)
333. Dichistiidae (galjoens)
334. Kyphosidae (sea chubs)
1 Girellinae (nibblers)
2 Kyphosinae (rudderfishes)
3 Scorpidinae (halfmoons)
4 Microcanthinae

334.5 Parascorpididae (jutjaws)
335. Drepaneidae (sicklefishes)
335.5 Monodactylidae (moonies)
338. Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes)
339. Pomacanthidae (angelfishes)
340. Enoplosidae (oldwives)
341. Pentacerotidae (armorheads)
342. Nandidae (leaffishes)
1 Nandinae
2 Pristolepidinae
3 Badinae

343. Oplegnathidae (knifejaws)
348. Cirrhitidae (hawkfishes)
349. Chironemidae (kelpfishes)
350. Aplodactylidae
351. Cheilodactylidae (fingerfins or morwongs)
352. Latridae (trumpeters)
354. Cepolidae (bandfishes)

2. Suborder Mugiloidei
355. Mugilidae (mullets)

5. Suborder Labroidei
344. Cichlidae (cichlids)
345. Embiotocidae (surfperches)
346. Pomacentridae (damselfishes and anemonefishes)
358. Labridae (wrasses)
359. Odacidae
360. Scaridae (parrotfishes)
1 Scarinae
2 Sparisomatinae

6. Suborder Zoarcoidei
361. Bathymasteridae (ronquils)

362. Zoarcidae (eelpouts)
1 Gymnelinae
2 Lycodinae
3 Lycozoarcinae
4 Zoarcinae

363. Stichaeidae (pricklebacks)
1 Stichaeinae
2 Opisthocentrinae
3 Lumpeninae
4 Chirolophinae
5 Xiphisterinae
6 Neozoarcinae

364. Cryptacanthodidae (wrymouths)
365. Pholidae (gunnels)
366. Anarhichadidae (wolffishes)
367. Ptilichthyidae (quillfishes)
368. Zaproridae (prowfishes)
369. Scytalinidae (graveldivers)

7. Suborder Notothenioidei
370. Bovichtidae (bovichtids)
370.1 Pseudaphritidae
370.2 Eleginopidae
371. Nototheniidae (notothens)
372. Harpagiferidae (plunderfishes)
372.5 Artedidraconidae
373. Bathydraconidae (Antarctic dragonfishes)
374. Channichthyidae (crocodile icefishes)

8. Suborder Trachinoidei
377. Chiasmodontidae (swallowers)
378. Champsodontidae (gapers)
381. Trichodontidae (sandfishes)
381.5 Ammodytidae (sand lances)
382. Trachinidae (weeverfishes)
383. Uranoscopidae (stargazers)
384. Trichonotidae (sand divers)
385. Creediidae (sand burrowers)
386. Leptoscopidae
387. Percophidae (duckbills)
1 Percophinae
2 Bembropinae
3 Hemerocoetinae

388. Pinguipedidae (sandperches)

8.5 Suborder Pholidichthyoidei
380. Pholidichthyidae (convict-blennies)

9. Suborder Blennioidei
390.1 Tripterygiidae (threefin blennies)
390.2 Labrisomidae (labrisomids)
390.3 Clinidae (clinids and klipfishes)
390.4 Chaenopsidae (pikeblennies)
391. Dactyloscopidae (sand stargazers)
395. Blenniidae (blennies)

10. Suborder Icosteoidei
396. Icosteidae (ragfishes)

13. Suborder Callionymoidei
399. Callionymidae (dragonets)
400. Draconettidae (draconettids)

14. Suborder Gobioidei
401. Rhyacichthyidae (loach gobies)
401.1 Odontobutidae
402. Eleotridae (sleepers)
1 Butinae
2 Eleotrinae

403. Gobiidae (gobies)
1 Sicydiinae
2 Gobionellinae
3 Oxudercinae (mudskippers and allies)
4 Amblyopinae
5 Gobiinae (gobies)

406. Kraemeriidae (sand darts)
407. Microdesmidae
1 Microdesminae (wormfishes)
2 Ptereleotrinae

407.5 Xenisthmidae
407.6 Schindleriidae

15. Suborder Kurtoidei
296.5 Kurtidae (nurseryfishes)

16. Suborder Acanthuroidei
335.2 Ephippidae (spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
336. Scatophagidae (scats)
408. Siganidae (rabbitfishes)
408.1 Luvaridae (luvars)
408.2 Zanclidae (moorish idols)
409. Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes and unicornfishes)

16.4 Suborder Scombrolabracoidei
411. Scombrolabracidae (black mackerels)

16.5 Suborder Sphyraenoidei
356. Sphyraenidae (barracudas)

17. Suborder Scombroidei
412. Gempylidae (snake mackerels)
413. Trichiuridae (cutlassfishes and scabbardfishes)
1 Aphanopodinae
2 Lepidopinae
3 Trichiurinae

415. Xiphiidae (swordfishes)
417. Istiophoridae (billfishes and marlins)
417.5 Scombridae (mackerels, tunas and bonitos)

18. Suborder Stromateoidei
418. Amarsipidae (amarsipids)
419. Centrolophidae (medusafishes)
420. Nomeidae (flotsamfishes or driftfishes)
421. Ariommatidae (ariommatids)
422. Tetragonuridae (squaretails)
423. Stromateidae (butterfishes)

19. Suborder Anabantoidei
424. Anabantidae (climbing gouramies)
425. Osphronemidae (pikeheads)
1 Macropodinae
2 Luciocephalinae
3 Osphroneminae
4 Belontiinae

426. Helostomatidae (kissing gouramies)

21. Suborder Channoidei
429. Channidae (snakeheads)

64. Order Pleuronectiformes
432. Psettodidae (spiny turbots)
433. Citharidae
434.1 Scophthalmidae (scophthalmids)
434.2 Paralichthyidae
434.3 Bothidae (lefteye flounders)
434.5 Achiropsettidae (southern or armless flounders)
435. Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)
1 Poecilopsettinae
2 Rhombosoleinae
4 Pleuronectinae
5 Paralichthodinae

435.1 Samaridae
436. Achiridae
437. Soleidae (soles)
437.5 Cynoglossidae (tonguefishes)
1 Symphurinae
2 Cynoglossinae

65. Order Tetraodontiformes
438. Triacanthodidae (spikefishes)
439. Triacanthidae (triplespines)
440. Balistidae (triggerfishes)
440.5 Monacanthidae (filefishes)
441. Ostraciidae (boxfishes)
1 Aracaninae
2 Ostraciinae

442. Triodontidae (threetooth puffers)
443. Tetraodontidae (puffers)
444. Diodontidae (porcupinefishes and burrfishes)
445. Molidae (molas or ocean sunfishes)