sprattus, Clupea Linnaeus [C.] 1758:318 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European seas. Syntypes: Probably LS 46 & 47; others lost. Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:27 [ref. 20705]. Misspelled spratus by Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817:9 [ref. 17319], see Graells 1887:183 [ref. 30438]. •Valid as Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:104 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:280 [ref. 13675], Whitehead 1985:49 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:224 [ref. 14039], Arruda 1997:30 [ref. 24952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:728 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:30 [ref. 23573], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:38 [ref. 26753], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:38 [ref. 28183], Fricke et al. 2007:27 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:51 [ref. 30517], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:164 [ref. 31251], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:20 [ref. 36649], Çiçek et al. 2015:143 [ref. 35151], Martins & Carneiro 2018:25 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:74 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Kovačić et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37519], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Bañón & Maño 2021:51 [ref. 38883], Canales-Aguirre et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38579], Kovačić et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39014], Dyldin et al. 2022:[18] [ref. 39193], Niță et al. 2022:33 [ref. 40471], Çiçek et al. 2023:330 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:35 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus 1758). Clupeidae. Distribution: North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to Morocco, including Madeira. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.