melampygus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:116 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Waigeo, Indonesia; Rawak Island, Bismarck Archipelago; Buru, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Vanikoro, Santa Cruz Islands; Mauritius, Mascarenes. Syntypes: MNHN A-6028 (1) Buru, A-6069 (1) Mauritius, A-6162 (1) Vanikoro, A-6083 (1) Waigeo, A-6162 (1) Vanikoro, A-6163 (1) Vanikoro. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:15 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:256 [ref. 19756], Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:578 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:174 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:956 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:181 [ref. 22896], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:77 [ref. 24545] as melempygus, Grove & Lavenberg 1997:364 [ref. 24023], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:64 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:160 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Myers 1999:139 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:248 [ref. 24106], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:294 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2714 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:801 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:231 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:206 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:801 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:77 [ref. 27510], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:77 [ref. 27510], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:31 [ref. 27712], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:305 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:229 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:230 [ref. 30952], Hoese & Gates 2006:1157 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Béarez & Séret 2009:148 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:121 [ref. 30425], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:20 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:434 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koh & Tun 2015:59 [ref. 39530], Psomadakis et al. 2015:222 [ref. 34104], Miesen et al. 2016:89 [ref. 34492], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:37 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:111 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:323 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:183 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Angulo et al. 2020:268 [ref. 37979], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:424 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Love et al. 2021:153 [ref. 39279], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:8 [ref. 39607], Smith-Vaniz 2022:47 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:115 [ref. 40522], Jamandre 2023:162 [ref. 40455], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Norfolk Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Colombia, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Hybridizes with Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 (Angulo et al. 2020 [ref. 37979]). Habitat: brackish, marine.