merra, Epinephelus Bloch [M. E.] 1793:17, Pl. 329 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Japan Sea [probably Indian Ocean]; Ostindien [Indonesia]. Lectotype: ZMB 8716 (right skin). Paralectotypes: ZMB (3, lost). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:135 [ref. 24282]. On p. 15 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Epinephelus merra Bloch 1793 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:214 [ref. 19756], Dor 1984:100 [ref. 29757], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:130 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Randall 1986:528 [ref. 5667], Allen & Swainston 1988:56 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:496 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:25 [ref. 13251], Lee 1990:49 [ref. 19830], Randall et al. 1990:111 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:205 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:191 [ref. 21042], Kuiter 1993:130 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:26 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:238 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:84 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:50 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:110 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:111 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:115 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:193 [ref. 24106], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2512 [ref. 24815], Johnson 1999:730 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:11 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:725 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:186 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:87 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:98 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:98 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:725 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:621 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:53 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:70 [ref. 27576] as Bloch 1790, Randall et al. 2004:12 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3319 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:160 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:347 [ref. 28379], Hoese et al. 2006:1014 [ref. 28999], Fricke et al. 2009:46 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:98 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:53 [ref. 39915], Fricke et al. 2011:385 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:191 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:277 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:61 [ref. 33932], Rothman et al. 2016:479 [ref. 34171], Koeda et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:3 [ref. 35354], Motomura et al. 2017:87 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:319 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:151 [ref. 35805], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Arndt & Fricke 2019:29 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:108 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:118 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 21 [ref. 38321], Parenti & Randall 2020:75 [ref. 37354], Psomadakis et al. 2020:392 [ref. 37272], Akhilesh et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38701], Kovačić et al. 2021:77 [ref. 39014], Mochizuki et al. 2021:48 [ref. 38974], Dewa et al. 2022:17 [ref. 40001], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:7 [ref. 40448], Heemstra 2022:63 [ref. 39742], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:682 [ref. 40722], Murase et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40935], Noushad K. et al. 2024:45 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus merra Bloch 1793. Epinephelidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.
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