promelas, Pimephales Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:299 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 5); ref. 5006] Pond near Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:135 [ref. 23395]. Also in Rafinesque 1820:53 [ref. 3592]. •Valid as Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820 -- (Lee et al. 1980:341 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:204 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:247 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:92 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:129 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:58 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:19 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:250 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:449 [ref. 21581], Baxter & Stone 1995:102 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:154 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:106 [ref. 23394], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Mettee et al. 1996:303 [ref. 25836], Sigler & Sigler 1996:105 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:135 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:480 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:132 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:32 [ref. 26594], Houston 2001:145 [ref. 25427], Ross et al. 2001:238 [ref. 25978], Moyle 2002:166 [ref. 26449], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:130 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:107 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:178 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:268 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:35 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Miller 2006:137 [ref. 28615], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:231 [ref. 29996], McPhail 2007:110 [ref. 31199], Minckley & Marsh 2009:186 [ref. 31114], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Page & Burr 2011:251 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:878 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:34 [ref. 36089], Page et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40505], Çiçek et al. 2024:238 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: U.S.A., Canada, and northern Mexico. Introduced in Europe and Iran. Habitat: freshwater.
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