mustelus, Squalus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:235 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea, Northeastern Atlantic [original: "in Europa"]; localities include Cornwall, England, Northeastern Atlantic; Marseille, France; Rome, Italy; Lesbos Island, Greece; Syria, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Lectotype or neotype fixation needed. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:17 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Originally based on multiple species and at least 42 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:66 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:93 [ref. 30349] as Squalus dentibus obtusis seu granulosis; Rondelet 1554:375, 376 [ref. 30354] as Gale(us) læu(is) and Gale(us) asteri(as), Gesner 1558:717 [ref. 30350] as Gale(us) laev(is) and Gale(us) asteri(as), Salviani 1558:137, Pl. (p. 135) [ref. 30229] as Mustelus lævis, Jonston 1649:Pl. 8 (fig. 8) [ref. 30579] as Mustelus lævis, Charleton 1668:128 [ref. 30580] as Galeus lævis , Willughby 1686:60, 61 [ref. 30164] and Ray 1713:22 [ref. 30231] as Mustelus lævis primus and Galeus asterias. •Valid as Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Compagno 1973:28 [ref. 7163], Branstetter in Whitehead et al. 1984:120 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:419 [ref. 6846], Bass et al. 1986:82 [ref. 5638], Capapé 1987:22 [ref. 39326], Gubanov & Timoxin 1989:222 [ref. 36138], Springer 1990:98 [ref. 19320], Compagno et al. 1991:85 [ref. 21083], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:76 [ref. 25472], Santos et al. 1997:117 [ref. 23531], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:111 [ref. 25013], Compagno 1999:482 [ref. 25589], Fricke 1999:16 [ref. 24101], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:13 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:144 [ref. 39343], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:64 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:9 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:13 [ref. 29533], George 2009:55 [ref. 30539], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:8 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:115 [ref. 32972], Goren & Galil 2015:521 [ref. 33910], Weigmann 2016:49 [ref. 34211], Compagno 2016:1279 [ref. 34544], Biscoito et al. 2018:469 [ref. 37562], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:77 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:24 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:29 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:13 [ref. 37515], Kabasakal 2020:83 [ref. 37952], Kovačić et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37519], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Arroyo Martínez 2021:52 [ref. 38962], Ebert et al. 2021:57 [ref. 38234], Giovos et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38895], Golani 2021:7 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:11 [ref. 39014], Bañón & Mano 2022:10 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:29 [ref. 39527], Fermon et al. 2022:94 [ref. 39448], James & Ebert 2022:501 [ref. 39663], Balàka et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40410], Shakman et al. 2023:463 [ref. 40810], Deval in Digenis et al. 2024:102 [ref. 40958], Leeney 2024:57 [ref. 40985]). Current status: Valid as Mustelus mustelus (Linnaeus 1758). Triakidae: Triakinae. Distribution: North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), including Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain), Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe; southwestern Indian Ocean: Cape of Good Hope to KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Habitat: marine.
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