tiburo, Squalus Linnaeus [C.] (ex Markgraf von Liebstadt) 1758:234 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America (is Brazil). No types known. Based on the ‘Tiburones species minor’ of Markgraf von Liebstadt (1648: 181, fig. [ref. 30347]) from Brazil, and the ‘Zygenae affinis, capite triangulo’ of Willughby (1686: 55 [ref. 30164]). •Valid as Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:17 [ref. 39147], Gilbert 1967:47 [ref. 21135], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:43 [ref. 9277], Uyeno & Miyake in Uyeno et al. 1983:59 [ref. 14275], Compagno 1984:550 [ref. 6846], Robins & Ray 1986:31 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:24 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:187 [ref. 23827], Allen & Robertson 1994:25 [ref. 22193], Compagno et al. in Fischer et al. 1995:721 [ref. 22829], Murdy et al. 1997:26 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:95 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:45 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:40 [ref. 24555], Cervigón & Alcalá 1999:103 [ref. 24490], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:52 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:484 [ref. 25589], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:146 [ref. 27754], Soto 2001:65, 84 [ref. 26637], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639], Branstetter in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:45 [ref. 26158], Compagno 2003:503 [ref. 26984], Gadig & Gomes in Menezes et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27192], Espinosa Pérez et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27705], Compagno et al. 2005:47 [ref. 29145], Nelson et al. 2004:54 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:9 [ref. 37547], Lim et al. 2010:575 [ref. 39445], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:187 [ref. 30957], Castro 2011:521 [ref. 31457], Naylor et al. 2012:32 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Page et al. 2013:52 [ref. 32708], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:99 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:45 [ref. 34211], Fourriére et al. 2016:453 [ref. 34668], Kells et al. 2016:72 [ref. 35888], Ebert et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35618], Spier et al. 2018:4 [ref. 36103], Ehemann et al. 2018:22 [ref. 36194], Ehemann et al. 2019:[4] [ref. 36861], González-Acosta et al. 2021:6 [ref. 38361], Love et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39279], Aroca et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39840], Blanco-Parra & Niño-Torres 2022:Correction, p. 4 [ref. 38986], Carvalho-Filho 2023:309 [ref. 40480] as aff. tiburo, Castillo Domínguez et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40663], Ceríaco et al. 2023:23 [ref. 40710], Page et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus 1758). Sphyrnidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to southern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2020): Endangered. Records from eastern Pacific off Colombia need verification. Habitat: brackish, marine.
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