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NOTES ON THE CHRYSOPIDAE (GREEN LACEWINGS) OF MADAGASCAR AND ADJACENT ISLANDS
The references mentioned in this annotated list are fully cited on the NeuroWeb (http://entowww.tamu.edu/research/neuropterida/neuroweb.html)
CHRYSOPIDAE
Apochrysopinae
Anapochrysa voeltzkowi (Weele, 1909)
= Anapochrysa africana Kimmins, 1952
Type Depository: HMB, Berlin
Type Locality: Comoro Islands, Mayotte, 1 female.
Geographical distribution: Hölzel and Ohm (1992) indicate that this species is found in Tanzania, Fernando Poo Island, South Africa, Comoro Islands and Madagascar. Within Madagascar there is a single female known from Antananarivo: Tananarive, February 1950, R. Paulian (Fraser, 1951).
Notes: The specimen mentioned by Fraser is now in the MNHN, Paris. There are illustrations of the forewing, male and female genitalia in Brooks and Barnard (1990). This is a very distinctive, large, broad-winged species with the pseudomedia and pseudocubitus of the forewing in close proximity, which cannot be confused with any other Madagascan chrysopid.
CHRYSOPIDAE
Chrysopinae
Ankylopterygini
Ankylopteryx alluaudi Navás, 1910
= Ancylopteryx delicata Navás, 1935
= Leucochrysa octopunctata Fraser, 1952
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris - apparently lost, according to Hölzel & Ohm (1992:178)
Type Locality: Seychelles, Mahe, 1892, Ch. Alluaud, 1 sex unknown.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type of A. alluaudi, the type of A. delicata is from Madagascar: Tamatave Province: Perinét, 1 sex unknown; type of L. octopunctata from Madagascar: Nosy-Be Island, 1 sex unknown. Handschin (1963) list three specimens: Madagascar: Tamatave, Moramanga, 22 December 1957, Fred Keiser, 1 sex unknown (Basel); Nosy Be Island, Hellville, 14 May 1958, Fred Keiser, 1 sex unknown (Basel); and Fascene, 17 May 1958, Fred Keiser, 1 sex unknown. Hölzel and Duelli (1990) record this species from Madagascar: Maroantsetra, 24 October 1986, 12 specimens on litchi tree (Duelli Collection). An additional specimen was collected at Madagascar: Tamatave, Perinet, 7 November 1959, E.S. Ross, 1 female (San Francisco). During the April 1998 CAS trip to Madagascar two additional females were collected at: Fianarantsoa Province, Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, at lights, 24 April 1998, 900 m (San Francisco); Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, 10 April 1998, 900 m, one larva that turned out to be a female (San Francisco). One additional adult was collected at: Toamagina Prov., Parq. National Andasibe (Perinet), 19 km E Moramanga, 23 December 1999, E.I. Schlinger & M.E. Irwin (San Francisco)
Notes: This appears to be the most common species of Ankylopterygini in Madagascar. The synonymies are those of Hölzel and Ohm (1992). Hölzel and Duelli (1990) have a photo of this species as well as notes on collecting it from a litchi tree. Apparently the specimens collected by Duelli were highly concentrated, as he found 12 on one tree and none on hundreds of surrounding trees. The CAS 1998 specimen was collected by Jere Schweikert fluttering above some ginger plants about 10 yards from a light trap. This was a relatively open area at the forest edge along a river. This is the same area and plant association where Jere Schweikert collected two trash-bearing larvae that turned out to be this species. The determination of CAS material as A. alluaudi is based on a comparison of wing drawings in Fraser (1951) and Fraser (1952) showing a row of dark spots along the anal margin of the forewing in A. tanana, which is lacking in A. alluaudi (as L. octopunctata). There is a second illustration of the forewing of A. alluaudi under the name of A. delicata in Navás (1935).
Ankylopteryx tanana Fraser, 1952
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Mt. Tsaratanana, February 1951, 1400-1800 m, 1 female.
Geographical Distribution: Known only from the type female.
Notes: Original description contains an illustration of wings. A distinctive feature of these illustrations is a row of dark spots along crossveins at anal margin.
Parankylopteryx multipunctata (Fraser, 1951)
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar, La Mandraka, 20 January 1948, P. Cachan, 1 teneral female.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type, additional specimens were collected on the April 1998 CAS field trip. They are: Madagascar: Fianarantsoa Province: Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, 900 m, 6 April 1998, 1 female (San Francisco); Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, 900 m, 13 April 1998, 1 female (San Francisco). One additional adult was collected at: Fianarantsoa Prov., Ranomafana, 21 December 1999, 1050 m, E.I. Schlinger & M.E. Irwin (San Francisco).
Notes: The two April specimens from Ranomafana were both found along streams in dense forest. They were the only two specimens collected in forest over a four week period of constant collecting, amounting to more than 100 hours of collecting effort. This was the only species of Chrysopidae seen within the forest at this time of year. The December, 1999, adult was collected by hand net near the river in tropical forest. Fraser (1951) illustrates and mentions two larvae of this species. I do not know how he made this correlation.
CHRYSOPIDAE
Chrysopinae
Belonopterygini
Chrysacanthia varicella (Fraser, 1951)
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Behara, 11 August 1948, A. Robinson, 1 female.
Geographical Distribution: Apparently still known only from the type specimen.
Notes: There is a good habitus illustration of the type specimen in Fraser (1951). The forewing is highly pigmented with a distinctive pattern. There appears to be a presectorial crossvein in the forewing, as in Berchmansus. In the text and as caption to the illustration it is indicated that the type is a male, but the locality information mentions only a female. Hölzel and Ohm (1992) indicate that they have seen the type and it is a female.
Italochrysa boueti (Navás, 1927)
= Nothochrysa cruciata Navás, 1935
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Betafo, 1 female.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type of I. boueti, the type of N. cruciata is from Madagascar: Bekily, January 1934, Seyrig, 1 male (Paris).
Notes: The two type specimens appear to be the only specimens known. The synonymy is that of Hölzel and Ohm (1992). There is an illustration of the thorax of N. cruciata in Navás (1935) that shows rather narrow dark lines laterally on the thorax, as well as a medial line. There is also a V-shaped dark mark on the vertex from between the antennae to the hind margin of the head. Navás’ original drawing is labelled as female, although Hölzel and Ohm (1992) indicate that this specimen is a male.
Italochrysa limbata (Navás, 1924)
= Nothochrysa cornuta Navás, 1935
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Tsihombe, 1 sex unknown.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type of I. limbata, the type of N. cornuta is from Madagascar: Perinét, December 1930, Mme. Olsoufieff, 1 male (Paris).
Notes. The two type specimens appear to be the only specimens known. The synonymy is that of Hölzel and Ohm (1992). Navás (1935) has an illustration of the thorax, under the name of N. cornuta.
This illustration indicates heavy dark lateral stripes and pale medial area.
Italochrysa madagassa Hölzel, 1996
Type Depository:
Type Locality:
Geographical Distribution: Madagascar: Fianarantsoa Province, 7 km W Ranomafana, 8-20 October 1988, W.E. Steiner, 1 sex unknown (Washington); Fianarantsoa Prov., Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, 21º15'38"S, 47º25'57"E, 30 October - 20 November 1998, Vincent F. Lee and Keve J. Ribardo, 2 females (San Francisco).
Notes:. It has small pigment spots at the end of anal veins, at CuP-1A crossvein and at the base of the intramedian cell. The antennae are shiny black. However, the most distinctive feature is that when alive they have bright red abdomens (personal communication, Keve Ribardo).
Italochrysa nossibensis (Navás, 1928)
Type Depository: Hamburg - destroyed
Type Locality: Madagascar: Nosy-Be Island, 1 sex unknown.
Geographical Distribution: Nosy-Be Island only.
Notes: The destroyed type is the only known specimen. A CAS specimen might be I nossibensis. It has no dark markings on the wings, but the thorax is heavily marked laterally with dark brown stripes and the vertex and the dorsal surface of the antennal scape are reddish. It is from Madagascar: Nossy-Be Island, Foret Lokobe, 17 November 1959, E.S. Ross, 1 female (San Francisco).
Italochrysa variegata (Burmeister, 1839)
= Nothochrysa sordidata Navás, 1908
Type Depository: Halle - Wittenburg, Germany
Type Locality: Comoro Islands, Santa Johanna, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type of I. variegata, the type of I. sordidata is from Madagascar: Tamatave Province: Tamatave, 1 sex unknown. Tjeder (1966) records this species from SOUTH AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, and ZIMBABWE in addition to the COMORO ISLANDS.
Notes: The synonymy is that of Brooks and Barnard (1990), which was first suggested by Weele (1909).
Tjeder (1966) provides illustrations of wings, and male and female genitalia. He comments that "the distinctly pointed, rather narrow wings with black gradates of both series seem to distinguish this species from the other South African species of the group in question." He further indicates that "the specimens from Sta. Lucia were captured in grass bordering a road, the specimen from the Ndumu Reserve in a relatively dry, sandy country with thorny scrub forest, some parkland and some gallery forest. Mrs. Stuckenberg captured the specimens at Luabo on a flowering mango tree."
There are a few additional specimens of Italochrysa in collections which have not been identified to species. There are specimens from Tamatave Province: 3.3 km N Ambabasoratra, 30 August 1962, E.D. Cashatt, 2 sex unknown (Washington).
Nesochrysa grandidieri Navás, 1910
= Madachrysa seyrigi Navás, 1934
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Toliara, Ambolisatra, 1899, G. Grandidier, one male.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the holotype, the type series of M. seyrigi is from Madagascar: Bekily, January - April 1933, A. Seyrig; and Madagascar: Betroka, NE of Bekily, February 1933, A. Seyrig (all Paris). Additional specimens from: Madagascar: Bekily, March 1937, A. Seyrig, 1 male, 1 female (Basel); Toliara Prov.: 16 km E Sakaraha, Zombitse Nature Reserve, 22º53'S, 44º42'E, 17 April 1998, 825 m, M.E. Irwin and E.I. Schlinger, 1 male (CAS).
Notes: Tjeder (1973) has provided very good illustrations of male and female genitalia of this species under the name M. seyrigi. The synonymy is that proposed by Hölzel and Ohm (1992). Both Tjeder (1973) and Brooks & Barnard (1990) show the forewing of this species as not having an intramedian cell. This is a very large species having a wing length of 31 mm., or a wingspread of almost 2.5 inches.
Nesochrysa marginata (Navás, 1912)
Type Depository: BMNH, London
Type Locality: Madagascar: 1 sex unknown.
Geographical Distribution: Only the type with no specific locality within Madagascar is known.
Notes: This species apparently is still known only from the type. The only known illustration is a poor one of the forewing in the original description. However, it clearly shows an intramedian cell.
CHRYSOPIDAE
Chrysopinae
Chrysopini
Apertochrysa eurydera (Navás, 1910)
= Chrysopa madegassa Navás, 1921
= Chrysopa ictericus Esben-Petersen, 1927
= Chrysopa crassinervis Esben-Petersen, 1927
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Machabo, 28 April 1899, G. Grandidier, 1 female.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type of A. eurydera, the types of C. ictericus and C. crassinervis are from: Seychelles, Mahe, 1 male, 1 female (Copenhagen). The distribution map for this species in Hölzel and Ohm (1992) indicates a distribution in KENYA, CONGO, MOZAMBIQUE, SOUTH AFRICA, SEYCHELLES, ALDABRA ISLAND, REUNION ISLAND, MAURITIUS, and MADAGASCAR. Ohm and Hölzel (1998) also report this species from SENEGAL, SOMALIA, and the COMORO ISLANDS.
Notes: Brooks and Barnard (1990) give good illustrations of male and female genitalia and male wings of this species under the name A. madegassa. The CAS collection contains male and female specimens from the Seychelles Islands. This species is easily recognized among Madagascar chrysopids because of the swollen forewing veins in males. The synonymies are those of Hölzel and Ohm (1992).
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Borniochrysa squamosa (Tjeder, 1966)
Type Depository: Entomological Institute of Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Type Locality: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape Province, Fort Beaufort, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: In the original description, Tjeder mentions this species from SOUTH AFRICA, ZIMBABWE, MOZAMBIQUE, and CONGO. Hölzel & Ohm (1992) indicate further records from MAURITIUS, REUNION ISLAND, and MADAGASCAR. Ohm & Hölzel (1998) also report this species from SENEGAL, CONGO and ZANZIBAR.
Notes: Tjeder (1966) gives good illustrations of male and female genitalia and wings. Although most species of Borniochrysa have three rows of gradate crossveins in the forewing, this species only has two rows.
Brinckochrysa decaryella (Navás, 1933)
= Neda pictella Navás, 1933
= Chrysopa sobria Navás, 1933
= Chrysopa goniophora Navás, 1935
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Maromandia, one male.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type of B. decaryella, the type of Neda pictella is from the same locality; the type of C. sobria is from Madagascar, Amparamdamdrava; and the type of C. goniophora is from Madagascar, Bekily. The distribution map for this species in Hölzel & Ohm (1992) indicates records from MAURITIUS, REUNION ISLAND, SWAZILAND, and MADAGASCAR.
Notes: The synonymies indicated are those of Hölzel and Ohm (1992). I have seen no good illustrations of this species. Hölzel and Duelli (1988) indicate that this species is found on Tamarindus indicus. The larva is boldly black and white patterned and does not carry trash.
Brinckochrysa lauta (Esben-Petersen, 1927)
Type Depository: ZMC, Copenhagen
Type Locality: Seychelles Islands, Mahe, lectotype female.
Geographical Distribution: Known from SOUTH AFRICA, SEYCHELLES, MAURITIUS, REUNION, and MADAGASCAR (Ohm & Hölzel, 1998). Within Madagascar the types of Neda decaryella and Neda pictella are from Maromandia.
Notes: Hölzel and Ohm (1992) indicate a probable synonymy with B. decaryella.
Brinckochrysa pulchella Hölzel, 1987
Type Depository: National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, South Africa
Type Locality: South Africa: Transvaal, Kruger National Park, Punda Maria, 22.41º S, 31.02ºE, 600 m, 28 February 1985, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: A distribution map for this species in Hölzel & Ohm (1992) indicates records from SOUTH AFRICA and MADAGASCAR. There appear to be no published specific localities for Madagascar.
Notes: Hölzel (1987) has illustrations of the male genitalia.
Brinckochrysa stenoptera (Navás, 1910)
= Chrysopa mozambica Navás, 1931
= Brinckochrysa sigwalti Séméria, 1984
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Mozambique: Vallee du Pungoue, Guengere, 1906, G. Vasse, lectotype female.
Geographical Distribution: Tjeder (1966) mentions this species from SOUTH AFRICA, MOZAMBIQUE, ZIMBABWE, and NAMIBIA. Hölzel (1987) added records from NIGERIA, GAMBIA, and SENEGAL. There are two males in the CAS collection from ANGOLA. Hölzel & Ohm (1992) indicated a distribution in MADAGASCAR for the first time, but without specific locality records.
Notes: Tjeder (1966) gives good illustrations of male and female genitalia and wings. The synonymies indicated above are those of Hölzel (1987). This species has a stridulatory organ on the second abdominal segment of both males and females.
Ceratochrysa antica (Walker, 1853)
= Chrysopa nesaea Navás, 1911
= Chrysopa inaequalis Navás, 1912
= Chrysopa regina Navás, 1914 [in part]
= Chrysopa vuilleti Navás, 1914
= Chrysopa ducissa Navás, 1914
= Chrysopa pooana Navás, 1922
= Cintameva dimidiata Navás, 1928
= Chrysopa iniqua Navás, 1929
= Chrysopa undulata Fraser, 1952
Type Depository: BMNH, London
Type Locality: Sierra Leone: lectotype female.
Geographical Distribution: Barnard & Brooks (1984) indicate that this species is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been recorded from: MALI, GUINEA, SIERRA LEONE, IVORY COAST, GHANA, NIGERIA, CAMEROON, FERNANDO POO ISLAND, UGANDA, KENYA, TANZANIA, ZAIRE, ANGOLA, ZIMBABWE, MOZAMBIQUE, SOUTH AFRICA, MADAGASCAR, and MAURITIUS. Hölzel & Duelli mention two specimens from Madagascar: Mandritsara, 20 Octobr 1986, P. Duelli.
Notes: Barnard & Brooks (1984) provided illustrations of male and female genitalia, head and mouthparts and wings of the adult and habitus drawing of the larva. The listed synonymies are also those of Barnard & Brooks (1984). They also indicate that this species has been found feeding on cassava mealybug in Nigeria and the wooly whitefly on citrus in Angola. The Duelli specimens were collected on mango trees. This could be a major beneficial insect on orchard crops in Africa.
Ceratochrysa disparilis (Navás, 1934)
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Bekily, January and April 1933, A. Seyrig, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: Known only from the type (s) specimen.
Notes: Navás (1934) provides an illustration of the head and pronotum. The pronotum bears lateral dark stripes and the vertex has two, thin, dark, longitudinal lines. It appears that the antennae are dark after the first segment. Barnard & Brooks (1984) provide illustrations of the male genitalia. "This is the only species of the genus in which the outer gradate cross-veins of the forewing are green and not brown. In the male the apex of the ectoprocts is not as deeply bifid, viewed dorsally, as in the other species.
Chrysemosa umbralis (Navás, 1933)
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Amparandandrava, 1 sex unknown.
Geographical Distribution: Hölzel & Ohm (1992) record this species from REUNION ISLAND, MAURITIUS, and MADAGASCAR. Within Madagascar, this species has been cited from Madagascar: between Amboasary sud and Ambovombe, 27 October 1985, P. Duelli, four specimens; 50 km E of Toliara, 31 October 1986, P. Duelli, 1 specimen (Hölzel & Duelli, 1988). There are two specimens in the CAS collection which appear to be this species. They are from: Ankarafantsika (Forest Reserve), near Marovoay, 1 December 1959, E.S. Ross collector, 2 females (San Francisco).
Notes: Hölzel & Duelli (1988) indicate "The green eggs are deposited singly. the larva is a trash carrier with a dark reddish body colour and almost entirely black head." Adults of this species can be separated from all other Madagascar species of Chrysopidae by the dark mark in cell dcc at the hind margin of the forewing. There also is a red band across the lower part of the frons and a dark ring at the apex of each femur, becoming progressively thicker from front to hindlegs.
Chrysoperla congrua (Walker, 1853)
= Chrysopa concolor Walker, 1853
= Chrysopa otalatis Banks, 1910
= Chrysopa bequaerti Navás, 1912
= Chrysopa lemoulti Lacroix, 1923
= Chrysopa clypealis Navás, 1929
= Chrysopa solaria Navás, 1930
= Chrysopa bequaerti var. occipitalis Navás, 1931
= Chrysopa congrua var. rubella Navás, 1931
= Chrysopa acutella Navás, 1933
Type Depository: BMNH, London
Type Locality: West Africa, 1 specimen without abdomen.
Geographical Distribution: Throughout Australasia from the Pacific Islands to Sri Lanks (absent from India), throughout the Afrotropics and recorded from Oman on the Arabian Peninsula (Hölzel & Ohm, 1992). The type of C. acutella is from Madagascar: Majunga [Mahajanga] (Paris).
Notes: This species is probably the most widespread of all Madagascar chrysopids. There are illustrations of the forewing and male and female genitalia in Brooks (1994). There are further illustrations under the name C. italotis in New (1980). From Brooks (1994) "C. congrua" is characterized by possessing green gradates, a small basal dilation of the claw and narrow fore wings with a short intramedian cell. A close relationship between congrua and the Neotropical species of Chrysoperla is suggested by the synapomorphous possession of a swollen apex to the arcessus and bulbous acumen (cf. C. externa)."
Chrysoperla decaryana (Navás, 1934)
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Tananarive, 1921, Decary, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: This species is still known only from the type male.
Notes: Brooks (1994) provides illustrations of the male genitalia. "C. decaryana belongs to the group of Afrotropical species with broad wings and long costal setae. It is probably most closely related to comans Tjeder since both species lack spinellae in the male genitalia. However, from this species decaryana can be distinguished by the broad arcessus and relatively narrow acumen."
Chrysoperla insulata (Fraser, 1957)
Type Depository: BMNH, London and IRSM, Antananarivo
Type Locality: Reunion Island: Hellbourg; forest track in the forest of Belouve; Bebour & Plaine des Cafres, Piton Manuel, January 1955, R. Paulian, syntype males and females.
Geographical Distribution: Known from type series only.
Notes: Brooks (1994) provides illustrations of forewing and male and female genitalia. From Brooks (1994) "C. insulata is unique amongst Chrysoperla species because the tignum is absent in the male genitalia. The species is also characterized by the relative lack of head markings, only the clypeus is marked with a lateral black stripe, and the broad distinctly pointed fore wings. C. insulata is the largest Chrysoperla species with a fore wing length of 16.5 mm in females."
Chrysoperla pudica (Navás, 1914)
= Hemerobius brevicollis Rambur, 1842 [nomen dubium]
= Chrysopa incongrua Navás, 1914
= Chrysopa nigriciana Navás, 1931
Type Depository: BMNH, London
Type Locality: South Africa: Transvaal, Piet Retief, Crawshay, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: Brooks & Barnard (1994) list distribution throughout Afrotropics. Among countries listed are: ASCENSION ISLAND, MOZAMBIQUE, NAMIBIA, NIGERIA, SOUTH AFRICA, ST. HELENA ISLAND, SENEGAL, ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE. Hölzel and Ohm (1992) list MAURITIUS as type locality for C. brevicollis.
Notes: This species is widespread in tropical Africa, but is apparently known from Mauritius only by a very old type specimen which has not been seen in recent times. It has not been collected on Madagascar nor the Comoros Island despite far more extensive collecting, and so the Mauritius record must be regarded at this time as suspect.
Dichochrysa duplicata (Navás, 1934)
= Chrysopa diploa Navás, 1935
= Cintameva polyneura Navás, 1940
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar: Fort Dauphin, January 1933, A. Seyrig, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type of D. duplicatus, this species is also known from the type of C. diploa from Madagascar: Bekily, December 1933, A. Seyrig, 1 male; the type of C. polyneura from the Comoro Island; Berenty, 28 October 1986, P. Duelli, 3 specimens (Hölzel & Duelli, 1990); Fianarantsoa Prov., Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, 21º15'50"S, 47º25'46"E, 16 April 1998, 900 m, Jere Schweikert, 1 female at lights (CAS). The existing records indicate a distribution at the southern tip of the country as well as the Comoros from late October until January.
Notes: The listed synonymy of C. diploa is that of Hölzel & Ohm (1992); the synonymy of C. polyneura is that of Ohm & Hölzel (1998). Navás (1934:58) contains an illustration of the tip of the forewing. Navás (1935:61) contains an illustration of the base of the forewing under the name C. diploa. Navás (1934) indicates that this species can be separated by the gradate series, which has a small first gradate cell, followed by five uniform longer cells. There are as many inner gradates as outer gradate veins. C. diploa was indicated by Navás (1935) as being distinct in having a small dark spot at the base of the costal area of the forewing. The CAS specimen also has a distinctive darkened area near the end of CuP along the forewing hind margin.
Dichochrysa handschini (Navás, 1929)
= Chrysopa collarti Navás, 1931
= Cintameva alluaudi Navaás, 1930
Type Depository: Mus. Basel, Switzerland
Type Locality: Mozambique: [Inhambane District], Chiluvane [Lake], 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: Tjeder (1966) records this species from South Africa, Mozambique and the Congo. Hölzel and Ohm (1992) indicate its presence on Mauritius. I have seen no records from Madagascar itself.
Notes: The synonymy of C. collarti is that of Tjeder (1966). The synonymy of C. alluaudi is that of Hölzel and Ohm (1992). There is a photograph of the wings and illustrations of male genitalia in Tjeder (1966).
Dichochrysa inopinata Hölzel & Ohm, 1995
Type Depository:
Type Locality:
Geographical Distribution:
Notes:
Dichochrysa mauricianus (Hölzel & Ohm, 1991)
Type Depository: Hölzel Collection, Bruckl, Austria
Type Locality: Mauritius: 6 km S Port Louis, Moka, 29 November 1990, H. Hölzel.
Geogrophical Distribution: Known only from Mauritius: in addition to holotype, paratypes from Moka, 29 November 1990, 1 male, H. Hölzel; Vaocas, 3 December 1990, 1 male, 1 female, H. Hölzel.
Notes: This species remains known only from the type series. Hölzel & Ohm (1991) present a photograph of the wings and illustrations of the male genitalia.
Glenochrysa insularis Hölzel, 1991
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar, Bekily, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type from MADAGASCAR, Hölzel & Ohm (1998) report this species from the CORMORO ISLANDS.
Notes:
Mallada decarynus (Navás, 1924)
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Madagascar, Tsihombe District, Beloha, 1 female.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type female, this species was recorded by Hölzel & Duelli (1990) from Madagascar: between Amboasary sud and Ambovombe, 27 October 1986, P. Duelli, 8 specimens; Mora Mora, 20 km N of Toliara, 2 November 1986, P. Duelli, 1 specimen, spiny forest.
Notes: From Hölzel & Duelli (1990) "The eggs are green and deposited singly. The larva is a trash carrier with reddish-brown body markings." There is a photo of the larva in Hölzel & Duelli (1990).
Mallada desjardinsi (Navás, 1911)
= Chrysopa boninensis Okamoto, 1914
= Chrysopa serrandi Navás, 1921
= Chrysopa rutila Esben-Petersen, 1927
= Chrysopa obliqua Navás, 1929
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Mauritius, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type of M. desjardinsi from Mauritius, this species is also known from the type of C. boninensis from the Bonin Islands, the type of C. serrandi from The Tamara Islands, the type of C. rutila from the Peros Banhos Atoll, and the type of C. obliqua from the Salomon Atoll in the Chagos Islands. Tjeder (1966) records this species, under the name C. boninensis from JAPAN, TAIWAN, RYUKYU ISLANDS, BONIN ISLANDS, CHAGOS ISLANDS, CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, SOUTH AFRICA, ZIMBABWE, MOZAMBIQUE, KENYA, CONGO and GUINEA.
Notes: Tjeder (1966) gives good illustrations of wings, male and female genitalia, under the name C. boninensis. Tsukaguchi (1995) also gives good illustrations of wings, male and female genitalia, as well as description and illustration of larva, under the name C. boninensis. The synonymy with C. serrandi is that of Hölzel and Ohm (1992), and that of C. rutila and C. obliqua is that of Tjeder (1966). Tsukaguchi (1995) also gives considerable information on biology and rearing of this species.
Mallada hamatus Tjeder, 1966
Type Depository: South African Museum, Capetown.
Type Locality: South Africa: Zululand, N. Kandhla Forest, January 1937, R..F. Lawrence, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: Originally described from South Africa, it has also been collected in Mauritius (Hölzel & Ohm, 1992) and Madagascar: 50 km E of Toliara, 31 October 1986, P. Duelli, 1 specimen (Hölzel & Duelli, 1990).
Notes: There are good illustrations of the wings, male and female genitalia in Tjeder (1966).
Mallada incongruus (Fraser, 1951)
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris (wings only)
Type Locality: Madagascar, Nosybe [Nossy-Be Island], Hellville, 9 September 1949, J. Millot, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution. Still known only from the type male from Nosybe Island.
Notes: I have been unable to locate any illustrations of this species. The original description provides few clues to its identity. The gradate veins are more irregular than M. congruus and the intramedian cell is more elongate. Both of these characters are, unfortunately, variable in most species.
Mallada luaboensis (Tjeder, 1966)
Type Depository: Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Type Locality: Mozambique, Luabo, delta of Zambesi River, 29 July to 10 August 1957, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to Mozambique, Hölzel & Ohm (1992) indicate that this species is found also in Madagascar, without giving specific localities.
Notes: The original description provides good illustrations of the wings and male genitalia. Female apparently remains unknown.
Mallada nicolainus (Navás, 1929)
= Chrysopa atomalis Navás, 1933
= Chrysopa burgeonina Navás, 1936
Type Depository: MCG, Genoa, Italy
Type Locality: Cape Verde Islands, Perguisa, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: In addition to the type locality of M. nicolainus, the type of C. atomalis is from Madagascar: Amparandandrava; and the type of C. burgeonina is from Zaire. Hölzel & Ohm (1989) indicate that this species is widely distributed in the Afrotropical Region from CAPE VERDE ISLANDS, SENEGAL, SUDAN, ZAIRE, MOZAMBIQUE, SOUTH AFRICA, and MADAGASCAR. Hölzel & Duelli (1990) indicate five specimens from Madagascar: south of Toliara, Didiera Forest, 31 October 1986, P. Duelli; and Mandritsara, 21 October 1986, P. Duelli, 2 specimens.
Notes: The synonymy of C. atomalis is that of Hölzel & Ohm (1992) and that of C. burgeonina is that of Hölzel & Duelli (1990). Hölzel & Duelli, loc. cit., indicate that this species "is a trash carrier, but very agile, with an unmarked yellowish-white body. The eggs are greyish-white or almost pink, and are deposited on stiff bundles of 8-15 twisted pedicels. Tjeder (1966) gives good illustrations of the wings, male and female genitalia under the name of Chrysopa (Anisochrysa) burgeonina.
Plesiochrysa litorosa (Navás, 1911)
= Chrysopa meriani Navás, 1924
Type Depository: MNHN, Paris
Type Locality: Seychelles Islands, Mahe, 1 female.
Geographical Distribution: This species is still known only from the Seychelles Islands.
Notes: The synonymy is that of Hölzel & Ohm (1992).
Plesiochrysa scotti (Esben-Petersen, 1927)
Type Depository: ZMC, Copenhagen
Type Locality: Seychelles Islands, Mahe, 1 male.
Geographical Distribution: This species is still known only from the Seychelles Islands.
Last Update 6 April 2000