phalerica, Clupanodon Risso [A.] 1827:452 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:37 [ref. 9739]. •Synonym of Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:104 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:49 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:224 [ref. 14039], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:38 [ref. 26753], Fricke et al. 2007:27 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies phalericus (Risso 1827) -- (Berg 1948:159 [ref. 12882], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:281 [ref. 13675], Dorofeeva 1998:30 [ref. 23573], Fricke et al. 2007:27 [ref. 29533], Parin et al. 2014:62 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies sprattus -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:728 [ref. 24702]). Current status: Synonym of Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus 1758). Clupeidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.