Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:383 Masc. Geophagus altifrons Heckel 1840. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann & Bray 1894:621 [ref. 1248], not Sparus surinamensis Bloch as designated by Eigenmann 1910:478 [ref. 1224]. •Valid as Geophagus Heckel 1840 -- (Gosse 1976 [ref. 7029], Kullander 1980:23 [ref. 5526], Kullander 1986:120 [ref. 12439], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:30 [ref. 14136], Malabarba 1989:166 [ref. 14217], Kullander 1991:129 [ref. 20053], Kullander et al. 1992:359 [ref. 20002], see Leibel 1995:217 [ref. 22415], Kullander 1998:494 [ref. 23855], Farias et al. 1998:502 [ref. 23856], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:632 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:69 [ref. 28755], Schindler & Staeck 2006:91 [ref. 29420], Scharpf 2009:6 [ref. 30400], Lucinda et al. 2010:29 [ref. 30771], Hauser & López-Fernández 2013:279 [ref. 32965], Kottelat 2013:374 [ref. 32989], Deprá et al. 2014:737 [ref. 33631], Mattos et al. 2015:209 [ref. 34048], Bertaco et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34561], Mattos & Costa 2018:325 [ref. 36009], Benitez et al. 2018:1053 [ref. 36343], Deprá et al. 2022:37 [ref. 39373], Chuctaya et al. 2022:1 [ref. 39723]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae.