Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:106 Fem. Hemipsilichthys calmoni [cameroni] Steindachner 1907. Type by subsequent designation. The type species was initially spelled cameroni; see account of cameroni. Earliest type designation is Regan 1920:14 [Zoological Record for 1918] and Jordan 1923:153 [ref. 2421] as Hemipsilichthys calmoni Ribeiro (see Derijst 1996:62 [ref. 22356]). Hemipsilichthys duseni was designated type by Gosline 1947:102 [ref. 1857]. Although confusing, apparently calmoni of Miranda Ribeiro is calmoni Steindachner; see Derijst 1996:62 [ref. 22356]. Treated as valid by Isbrücker 1980:13 [ref. 2303] and Burgess 1989:430 [ref. 12860] but with type as duseni; calmoni is placed by Isbrücker in Hemispilichthys which makes Pareiorhaphis a junior synonym of Hemipsilichthys. •Synonym of Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Isbrücker 2002:15 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:353 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro 1918 -- (Cramer et al. 2007:56 [ref. 29959] and polyphyletic, Ferraris 2007:279 [ref. 29155], Pereira et al. 2007:444 [ref. 29466], Pereira et al. 2010:33 [ref. 30753], Roxo et al. 2012:1 [ref. 31839], Roxo et al. 2012:37 [ref. 32073], Pereira & Britto 2012:519 [ref. 32198], Pereira et al. 2012:539 [ref. 32218], Pereira & Zanata 2014:35 [ref. 33256], Pereira et al. 2015:556 [ref. 34007], Pereira et al. 2016:443 [ref. 34623], Bertaco et al. 2016:419 [ref. 34561], Pereira & Reis 2017:75 [ref. 35307], Pereira et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35608], Pereira et al. 2018:632 [ref. 36274], Oliveira & Oyakawa 2019:401 [ref. 36657], Pereira & Reis 2022:1 [ref. 39732], Pereira et al. 2024:69 [ref. 40883]). Current status: Valid as Pareiorhaphis Miranda Ribeiro 1918. Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae.