Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Carangidae: [ 714 ] records

abreviatus, Nauclerus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:251 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Atlantic. Syntypes: MNHN A-6570 (1), Quoy and Gaimard specimens not found. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:23 [ref. 12247]. Spelled abreviatus on p. 251, abbreviatus on p. xviii; first reviser not researched. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

aculeatus, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:51, Pl. 336 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Mediterranean Sea. On p. 43 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Hypacanthus amia (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:230 [ref. 7106]). •Synonym of Lichia amia (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:377 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:740 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Lichia amia (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

acutus, Carangoides Kotthaus [A.] 1974:38, Fig. 314 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 17; ref. 7512] Indian Ocean, 13°49.5'N 47°51.5'E to 13°50'N, 47°52.5'E, Meteor station 89, depth 100-63 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMH 5154 [ex IOES 180]. Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:417 [ref. 21161]. •Synonym of Carangoides equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:644 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2698 [ref. 24833]). •Synonym of Kaiwarinus equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Current status: Synonym of Kaiwarinus equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

adscensionis, Scomber Osbeck [P.] 1771:94 [A voyage to China and the East Indies v. 1-2; ref. 18499] Ascension Island. See Smith-Vaniz & Randall 1994 [ref. 21632] and Opinion 1841 in which the name was placed on the Official Index -- cited as a synonym from a pre-1758 publication. •Synonym of Caranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Block & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2493 [ref. 34618], Smith-Vaniz 2022:56 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

aegyptiacus, Gallichtys Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:176 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN A-6876 (2), ZMB 1595 (6). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:22-23 [ref. 12247]. The genus Alectis is feminine, so the spelling alexandrina is correct. Also appeared in Griffith & Smith 1834:Pl. 26 (fig. 3) (opp. p. 194) [ref. 1908] as Gallus ægyptiacus. •Synonym of Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:308 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:729 [ref. 18644]). •Synonym of Scyris alexandrina (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scyris alexandrina (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

affinis, Caranx Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1836:49, Pl. 14 (fig. 1) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 1606 (3), 2859 (1, dry). •Synonym of Alepes mate (Cuvier 1833) -- (Dor 1984:124 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:641 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:309 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2692 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:363 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1151 [ref. 28997], Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:82 [ref. 36273], Smith-Vaniz 2022:35 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

affinis, Lichia Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Bleeker 1851:44 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 5); ref. 332] Jakarta, Java; Tegal; Semarang; Pasuran, Java, Indonesia. Nomen nudum, name only mentioned in the synonymy of Chorinemus commersonianus (Lacepède 1801); subsequent publication in an available way not researched. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

affinis, Trachinotus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:428 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Malabar coast, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-575 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:27 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Trachinotus mookalee Cuvier 1832. Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus mookalee Cuvier 1832. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: marine.

africana, Oligoplites Delsman [H. C.] 1941:52, Fig. 2 [Mémoires du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique (Ser. 2) No. 21; ref. 13171] Baie du Repos, Port-Etienne [Nouadhibou], Mauritanian coast, western Africa. Holotype (unique): IRSNB 54. Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:26 [ref. 20755]. •Synonym of Campogramma glaycos (Lacepède 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2473 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Campogramma glaycos (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

africanus, Caranx Steindachner [F.] 1883:196 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 20 (no. 22); ref. 20488] Liberia; Lagos; Gorée, at Senegal River mouth, Loango coast. Syntypes: (several) NMW 75645 [or 75665] (1), 75662 (2), 75664 (1). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1884:1108 [p. 44 of separate], Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [ref. 4234]. •Synonym of Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:735 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2482 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

africanus, Trachinotus Smith [J. L. B.] 1967:160, Pls. 34, 35 [Occasional Papers of the Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 14; ref. 7994] Knysna, Cape Province, South Africa. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 11075 (lost). Paratypes: (7) SAIAB 11036 (2). Holotype lost according to M. Eric Anderson, pers. comm., July 2005. •Valid as Trachinotus africanus Smith 1967 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:658 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:319 [ref. 6207], Randall 1995:187 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2743 [ref. 24833], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:313 [ref. 28072], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Allen & Erdmann 2012:439 [ref. 31980], Hussain & Jawad 2014:257 [ref. 33657], Psomadakis et al. 2015:229 [ref. 34104], Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019:27 [ref. 36875], Zajonz et al. 2019:76 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:432 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:62 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:126 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus africanus Smith 1967. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Socotra (Yemen) east to Bali (Indonesia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

afuerae, Decapterus Hildebrand [S. F.] 1946:204 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Lobos de Afuera Island, Peru. Holotype (unique): USNM 77733. •Synonym of Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker 1851 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:127 [ref. 22193], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:274, 391 [ref. 24555], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2720 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker 1851. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ajax, Carangoides Snyder [J. O.] 1904:524, Pl. 8 (fig. 15) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 4149] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50874. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:952 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:173 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2684 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:363 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

akaadsi, Decapterus kurroides Abe [T.] 1958:176 [Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan Spec. No. 2; ref. 12041] Hatsushima Island, west of Sagami Bay, Shizuoka Pref., Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 49749. Paratypes: ABE '57-120 (1), '57-265 (1). Original as aka-adsi. •Valid as Decapterus akaadsi Abe 1958 -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:154 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:489, 678 [ref. 8056], Nakabo 2000:797 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:797 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 604 [ref. 26218], Parin 2003:S6 [ref. 28536], Shinohara et al. 2005:433 [ref. 28370], Kimura et al. 2013:[6] [ref. 32890], Parin et al. 2014:361 [ref. 33547], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:425 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:63 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Decapterus akaadsi Abe 1958. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar; Indonesia and South China Sea north to East China Sea, Korea, Japan and Kuril Islands. Habitat: marine.

albacora, Lichia Guichenot [A.] 1848:231 [Fauna Chilena.... in Gay.; ref. 1939] Chile. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:40 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Lichia albacora Guichenot 1848 -- (Pequeño 1989:61 [ref. 14125]). •Questionably the same as Oligoplites altus (Günther 1868) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:222 [ref. 7106], Smith-Vaniz, Bauchot & Desoutter 1979:40 [ref. 12247]). Current status: Uncertain as Oligoplites altus (Günther 1868). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

albilinguis, Leucoglossa Jordan [D. S.], Evermann [B. W.] & Wakiya [Y.] in Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka 1927:661, Pl. 22 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 20); ref. 2454] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): CAS 305. •Synonym of Uraspis secunda (Poey 1860) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:755 [ref. 18644], Mundy 2005:374 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Current status: Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

albus, Scomber Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1334 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Luhayya, Yemen, or Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, or Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMUC P46441 (dry skin). Unneeded new name for Scomber djedaba Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Alepes djedaba (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Alepes djedaba (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

aleevi, Trachurus picturatus Rytov [A. N.] & Razumovskaya [T. M.] 1984:179 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 24 (no. 2); ref. 16279] Walters Shoals, 35°53'S, 53°14'E, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 75 -125 meters over 150 meters. Holotype: ZMMU P-15929. Paratypes: apparently discarded. Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:82 [ref. 25714]. •Synonym of Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich 1825), but a valid subspecies -- (Shcherbachev et al. 1989:172 [ref. 36134]). •Valid as Trachurus aleevi Rutov & Razumovskaya 1984 -- (Nekrasov 1994:114 [ref. 24544]). •Synonym of Trachurus longimanus (Norman 1935) -- (Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm, Mar. 2005). Current status: Synonym of Trachurus longimanus (Norman 1935). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

alexandrina, Scyris Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:152 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea; Gorée, Senegal, eastern Atlantic Ocean. No types known. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

alexandrinus, Caranx Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:35 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Not available, name mentioned in passing under Caranx rhonchus. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

alexandrinus, Gallus Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.] 1817:no page number, Pl. 22 (fig. 2) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4184] Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:39 [ref. 12247]. As Vomer alexandrinus in Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1827:321 [ref. 4186]. The gender of the genus Alectis (as well as of Scyris) is feminine, so the spelling alexandrina is correct. •Valid as Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:820 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:308 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:729 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:674 [ref. 21590], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:83 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:83 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2007:31 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2470 [ref. 34618], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:48 [ref. 38303]). •Valid as Alectis alexandrina (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Carneiro et al. 2019:250 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:188 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:59 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448]). •Valid as Scyris alexandrina (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:378 [ref. 7198], Kimura et al. 2022:21 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Scyris alexandrina (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Angola, including Madeira, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

aliciolus, Trachurus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:42, Pl. 11 (fig. 2) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:21 [ref. 3595] as Trachiurus alicciolus. •Synonym of Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:379 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:747 [ref. 18644], Parenti 2019:104 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

altissimus, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:7, Pl. 3 [Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences (Iowa). v. 10; ref. 10645] Hong Kong. Holotype: CAS-SU 9066. Paratypes: CAS-SU 9797 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:75 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2695 [ref. 24833]). •Synonym of Turrum coeruleopinnatum (Rüppell 1830). Current status: Synonym of Turrum coeruleopinnatum (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

altus, Chorinemus Günther [A.] 1868:433, Fig. [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 6 (pt 7, no. 14); ref. 1994] Panama (Pacific). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.9.23.23. •Valid as Oligoplites altus (Günther 1868) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:32 [ref. 39147], Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:223 [ref. 7106], Allen & Robertson 1994:127 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:104 [ref. 23101], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:970 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:91 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:283 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:277 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1451 [ref. 27083], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:118 [ref. 37547], Miller 2006:340 [ref. 28615], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], McMahan et al. 2013:449 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:396 [ref. 34894], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Angulo et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37425], Love et al. 2021:154 [ref. 39279], Angulo et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40676], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:210 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Oligoplites altus (Günther 1868). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

amarui, Caranx Curtiss [A.] 1938:66 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Status uncertain, probably a Decapterus -- (W. Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm.). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

amblyrhynchus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:100, Pl. 248 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5843 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:8 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:333 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:161 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:132 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:288 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:79 [ref. 24474], González Bencomo et al. 1997:158 [ref. 24960], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:289 [ref. 24550], Keith et al. 2000:96 [ref. 24547], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808] as amblirhynchus, Smith-Vaniz 2003:1449 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:286 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Fabiano et al. 2014:9 [ref. 33530] spelled amblirhynchus, Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2490 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:48 [ref. 35565], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324] as cf. amblyrhynchus, Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:349 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:141 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

americanus, Irex Valenciennes [A.] 1862:1206 [11] [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 54; ref. 4506] Saint Thomas, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-5537 (dry). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:23 [ref. 12247]. On p. 11 of separate. •Synonym of Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:739 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

amia, Scomber Linnaeus [C.] 1758:299 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] No locality [= Europe]. No types known. •Valid as Hypacanthus amia (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:230 [ref. 7106]). •Valid as Lichia amia (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:377 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:831 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz 1986:652 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:315 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:740 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:681 [ref. 21590], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:158 [ref. 25472], Arruda 1997:83 [ref. 24952], Afonso et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:84 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:145 [ref. 39343], Parin 2003:S7 [ref. 28536], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:308 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:40 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:92 [ref. 30517], Wirtz et al. 2007:32 [ref. 30263], Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Parin et al. 2014:361 [ref. 33547], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2491 [ref. 34618], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:195 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:61 [ref. 37515], Freyhof et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37614], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:83 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:50 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:239 [ref. 39448], Smith-Vaniz 2022:54 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Valid as Lichia amia (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay south to South Africa, including Madeira, and São Tomé and Principe; western Indian Ocean: South Africa north to Mozambique. Habitat: brackish, marine.

anak, Trachinotus Ogilby [J. D.] 1909:19 [Report of the Marine Department Queensland (1908-1909) Appendix 5; ref. 19341] Deep water off Moreton Bay and Great Sandy Strait, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: QM I.5005 (1 dry, mounted), plus 1 destroyed [Great Sandy Strait]. •Valid as Trachinotus anak Ogilby 1909 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:585 [ref. 12442], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Lin & Shao 1999:65 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2744 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:735 [ref. 25471], Hoese & Gates 2006:1169 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Larson et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32988], Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019:27 [ref. 36875]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus anak Ogilby 1909. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Eastern and northern Australia, South China Sea and southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

analis, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:88 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] St. Helena Island, South Atlantic. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:37 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:743 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

analis, Scyris Poey [F.] 1868:369 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Cuba. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

angeli, Naucrates Whitley [G. P.] 1931:316 [Australian Zoologist v. 6 (pt 4); ref. 4672] Maroubra, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.3220. Paratypes: ?AMS IA.5956 (1). Based on specimens of Nucrates ductor described and figured McCulloch 1926:28, Pl. 1 [ref. 21654]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:581 [ref. 12442], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644], Hoese & Gates 2006:1161 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

angolensis, Caranx Fowler [H. W.] 1919:280, Fig. 13 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 56 (no. 2294); ref. 15209] Loando, Angola. Holotype: USNM 42301. Paratypes: (5) USNM 42300 (2), 42302 (2), 197865 (1). •Synonym of Decapterus rhonchus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:314 [ref. 6207]). •Synonym of Caranx rhonchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:375 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx rhonchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

angustus, Trachynotus Reichenow [A.] 1876:147 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1875 (for 21 Dec. 1875); ref. 18612] Loango, West Africa. Syntypes: ?ZMB 9134 (4) Chinchoxo. •Possible synonym of Trachinotus maxillosus Cuvier 1832 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:750 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Uncertain as Trachinotus maxillosus Cuvier 1832. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

annularis, Nauclerus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:254 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Between Cape of Good Hope and St. Helena. Syntypes: MNHN A-6575 (3), A-6576 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:24 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

antecessor, Gasterosteus Daldorff [D. C. de] 1793:166 [Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet Kiøbenhavn v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 17359] No types known. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

antilliarum, Caranx Bennett [F. D.] 1840:282 [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] Unneeded new name for Scomber carangus Bloch 1793. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

apercna, Alepes Grant [E. M.] (ex Smith-Vaniz) 1987:173, Fig. 400 [Fishes of Australia: A popular and systematic guide; ref. 20546] Australia. No types (Smith-Vaniz specimens are at AMS and QM). Non-types: NMV A1846 (1). Brief description and a figure; name attributed to "Smith-Vaniz," but this was a manuscript name -- Grant stands as the author. See also Iwatsuki et al. 2000:112 [ref. 26368]. •See Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471]. •Valid as Alepes apercna Grant 1987 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2686 [ref. 24833], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:73 [ref. 27510], Hoese & Gates 2006:1150 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Larson et al. 2013:118-119 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Alepes apercna Grant 1987. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Australia and Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

apus, Coryphaena Brünnich [M. T.] 1783:324 [Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrivter, Nye Samling af det v. 2 (1782); ref. 17291] Southeastern India. No types known. Original genus as Coryphæna. An unused senior synonym (Williams & Bunkley-Williams, 2009); not used as valid after 1899, therefore reversal of priority (in accordance with ICZN Art. 23.9.1) in favor of Parastromateus niger (Bloch 1795), ICZN Case 3543. •Not a Coryphaena, but a senior synonym of Parastromateus niger (Bloch 1795) -- (Williams & Bunkley-Williams 2009:557 [ref. 30573]). Current status: Synonym of Parastromateus niger (Bloch 1795). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

archeyi, Usacaranx Griffin [L. T.] 1932:130, Pl. 22 [Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 16372] North side of Motuihi Island, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Holotype: AIM MA 262. Paratypes: AIM (5). Trnski personal communication (12/1/2017) on type status. •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:743 [ref. 18644]). •Synonym of Pseudocaranx georgianus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2006:101 [ref. 28900]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx georgianus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

argentea, Selene Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:560, 562, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Tropical America. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:41 [ref. 12247]. Based on a drawing. •Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:25 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

argenteocaeruleus, Trachurus Plumier [C.] in Lacepède 1801:71 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Appeared as "Trachurus argento-caeruleus, aureis maculis notatus" in account of Caranx daubentonii; regarded as nonbinominal and name only, thus not available. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

argenteus, Centronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:309, 316 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Equatorial America. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:50 [ref. 12247]. New name for Gasterosteus occidentalis Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Current status: Synonym of Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

argenteus, Porthmeus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:256, Pl. 264 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa; Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN A-6580 (6), A-6581 (6), A-6884 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:25 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Hypacanthus amia (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:230 [ref. 7106]). •Synonym of Lichia amia (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:315 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:740 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Lichia amia (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

argenteus, Trachinotus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:413 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] New York, U.S.A.; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN A-6797 (1) Rio de Janeiro, MNHN uncat. (1, not found) New York. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:28 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

argenteus, Trachurus Wakiya [Y.] 1924:145 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Japan. Paratypes: FMNH 59421 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:84 [ref. 12367]. Carnegie Museum received a paratype but not the holotype (Holland in Wakiya 1924:139 [ref. 4570]). •Synonym of Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Parin 2003:S8 [ref. 28536], Parin et al. 2014:363 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

armata, Citula Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:103 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 1601. Paralectotypes: SMF 1601 (1), 2853 (2), 13724 (1), 15074 [ex SMF 1601] (1). Lectotype (SMF 1601) selected by Williams et al. 1980:16 [ref. 23089]; designation invalid as this is not an independent species description. Specimen 2853 is unidentifiable dry mount with gill arches removed (Williams et al. 1980:19 [ref. 23089]). Not an independent species description, but based on Sciaena armata Forsskål 1775. •Valid as Olistus armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:157 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:643 [ref. 5718], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:224 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:176 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:426 [ref. 27969], Carpenter et al. 1997:157 [ref. 23922], Lin & Shao 1999:51 [ref. 23921], Fricke 1999:244 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2693 [ref. 24833], Nakabo 2000:807 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:807 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:30 [ref. 27712], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:118 [ref. 30425], Ho & Shao 2011: 45 [ref. 31432], Allen & Erdmann 2012:429 [ref. 31980], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:421 [ref. 33460], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2015:44 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:217 [ref. 34104], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35534], Ali et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:180 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:129 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:47 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:418 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:38 [ref. 39876]). •Synonym of Carangoides armatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]). •Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Current status: Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to northern Vietnam and southern China, north to southern Japan [if valid] Habitat: brackish, marine.

armata, Sciaena Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:53, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [No locality stated] Red Sea. No types known. Originally Sciaena? armata, galemfish on p. 53; Sciaena armata on p. xii (with brief description). See also account of Citula armata Rüppell 1830. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. •A nomen dubium -- (Smith 1973:352 [ref. 27859], Dor 1984:124 [ref. 29757]). •In the synonymy of Olistus armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989] with question). •Synonym of Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Chen et al. 1997:61 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Carangoides armatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]). •Valid as Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:35 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East London (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar, western Mascarenes and Persian Gulf east to northern Vietnam and southern China, north to southern Japan Habitat: brackish, marine.

arnoldorum, Caranx Curtiss [A.] 1938:64 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Carangoides ferdau (Fabricius 1775) -- (W. Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm.). •Questionably a synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Uncertain as Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ascensionis, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:102, Pl. 249 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Ascension Island. No types known. See Smith-Vaniz & Randall 1994 [ref. 21632] and Opinion 1841. •Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:826 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:955 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:181 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2713 [ref. 24833], Randall 2005:228 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:229 [ref. 30952], Smith-Vaniz 2022:47 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ascensionis, Scomber Shaw [G.] 1803:593 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Ascension Island. ▌Unneeded new name for Scomber glaucus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

atrimanus, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:308 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 1 (for 1881); ref. 2471] Bay of Panama, Panama (Pacific). Holotype (unique): USNM 29341. •Synonym of Hemicaranx leucurus (Günther 1864) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:127 [ref. 22193], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:967 [ref. 22829], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:278 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:289 [ref. 24550]). Current status: Synonym of Hemicaranx leucurus (Günther 1864). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

atropos, Brama Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:98, Pl. 23 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 8605 (stuffed, lost). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:53 [ref. 24282]; if there was a holotype then Paepke's lectotype selection is unnecessary. Spelled atropus on Pl. 23, as atropos on 98 and in Index (p. xxx); earliest first reviser located is Paepke 1999:53 [ref. 24282] who selected atropos. •Valid as Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:209 [ref. 19754] as atropus, Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:157 [ref. 6441], Suzuki & Uno 1992:4 [ref. 24139], Randall 1995:175 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:424 [ref. 27969] as atropus with Schneider as author, Carpenter et al. 1997:156 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:60 [ref. 26476] as atropus, Cheng & Zhou 1997:263 [ref. 26385] as atropus, Lin & Shao 1999:49 [ref. 23921], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:245 [ref. 24754], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2691 [ref. 24833], Nakabo 2000:803 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Wang et al. 2001:220 [ref. 26566] as atropus, Nakabo 2002:803 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 602 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Yoshida et al. 2013:116 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:216 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36183], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:128 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:47 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 15 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:417 [ref. 37272], Kimura et al. 2022:35 [ref. 38998], Smith-Vaniz 2022:35 [ref. 39876], Vilasri et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan). Habitat: marine.

atun, Caranx Montrouzier [X.] 1857:450 [172] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 172 of reprint. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ature, Caranx Curtiss [A.] 1938:63 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon at Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (W. Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm.). Current status: Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

auratus, Trachinotus Richardson [J.] 1846:270 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Macao, Canton, China. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type information: Whitehead 1970:213 [ref. 11606]. •Valid as Trachinotus auratus Richardson 1846 -- (Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826] with question). •Synonym of Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 29 June 2016). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

aureoguttatus, Carangoides Bleeker [P.] 1853:470 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 336] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes (2) and/or Bleeker specimens: NMV 46616 (1). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

aureovittata, Seriola Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1845:115, Pl. 62 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Parts 7-9; ref. 4373] Japan [Nagasaki]. Lectotype: RMNH D2168 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D861-863 (3, stuffed). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:104 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:977 [ref. 22829], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2740 [ref. 24833], Choi et al. 2003:607 [ref. 26218], Parin 2003:S7 [ref. 28536], Mundy 2005:373 [ref. 28379], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:332 [ref. 28867], Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446], Parin et al. 2014:362 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Seriola aureovittata Temminck & Schlegel 1845 -- (Dor 1984:133 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:35 [ref. 25356], Cheng & Zhou 1997:275 [ref. 26385], Martinez-Takeshita et al. 2015:357 [ref. 33834], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:73 [ref. 35138], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:64 [ref. 37637], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:833 [ref. 38925], Dyldin et al. 2021:48 [ref. 38804], Love et al. 2021:155 [ref. 39279], Shitamitsu et al. 2021:55 [ref. 38529]). Current status: Valid as Seriola aureovittata Temminck & Schlegel 1845. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Korea, Japan and Russia; central North Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

aureus, Carangus Poey [F.] 1875:150 [76] [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 4 (for 13 Jan. 1875); ref. 3509] Cuba. No types known. On p. 76 of separate. •Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

auricoronae, Caranx Chaudhuri [B. L.] 1909:142, Fig. 2 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 3 (pt 2) (art. 7); ref. 17990] Off Chittagong, Bangladesh. Syntypes: (2) ZSI F2717/1-2719/1 (3). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:144 [ref. 20743]. •Synonym of Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz 2022:35 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

aurifer, Caranx Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:369 [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities; ref. 13269] Queensland, Australia. No types known. Not available, name only; from Queensland, Australia. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

auriga, Caranx De Vis [C. W.] 1884:539 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4899] Cairns, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: QM I.2157 (dry mount). Non-types: QM I.950 (1). •Synonym of Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:576 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:33 [ref. 20141], Hoese & Gates 2006:1154 [ref. 28997]). •Synonym of Carangichthys oblongus (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Carangichthys oblongus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

auriga, Caranx Seale [A.] 1910:505, Pl. 6 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Manila, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 30 (destroyed). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Caranx auriga De Vis 1884, replaced by Citula virga Ogilby 1915 and Caranx manilensis Roxas & Martin 1937. •Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833 -- (Pers. Comm. W. Smith-Vaniz, Dec. 2004). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

aurochs, Citula Ogilby [J. D.] 1915:79, Pl. 25 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 3; ref. 15005] Edgecumbe Bay, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: QM I.2218. Paratypes: (1). Other specimens: AMS I.13488-89, QM (2, not researched). •Valid as Ulua aurochs (Ogilby 1915) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:76 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:587 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:51 [ref. 20141], Allen 1997:118 [ref. 23977], Lin & Shao 1999:61 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2752 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Gates 2006:1171 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Larson et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Atropus aurochs (Ogilby 1915) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:35 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Atropus aurochs (Ogilby 1915). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

auroguttatus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:71 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Red Sea. Syntypes: MNHN A-5587 (1, dry), A-5752 (1, dry); ZMB 1537 (1, stuffed), ?22244 (1, stuffed). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:8-9 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Carangoides bajad (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:124 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2694 [ref. 24833], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35534], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:47 [ref. 37020]). •Synonym of Flavocaranx bajad (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Flavocaranx bajad (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Trachurus picturatus Nani [A.] 1950:178, Fig. 1 [Primer Congresso Nacional de pesquerias maritimas e industrias derivados. Mar de Plata, 24-29 octubre 1949, 2 vols. v. 2; ref. 12965] Hydrobiology station at Quequén, Argentina. Holotype: MACN 4175 (188.5 mm SL). Paratypes: MACN 2528 (14) 4152 (6), 4175 (1). Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:104 [ref. 23697]. •Synonym of Trachurus lathami Nichols 1920 -- (Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:100 [ref. 25942]). •Synonym of Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich 1825), but a valid subspecies as described -- (López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808]). Current status: Synonym of Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich 1825). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

autea, Caranx Curtiss [A.] 1938:74 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Open sea, off Fenua ino Island, near Vaiurua Pass, Tautira township, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Unidentifiable. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

baillonii, Caesiomorus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:92, 93, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Locality not stated [is Fort Dauphin, near Tôlanaro, southeastern Madagascar]. No types preserved. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:36 [ref. 12247]. Based on description and figure in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:39, 40 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Valid as Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Dor 1984:131 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:154 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:658 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:319 [ref. 6207], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:585 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:35 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:168 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:35 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:188 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:455 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], Reinthal & Stiassny 1997:354 [ref. 22780], Carpenter et al. 1997:166 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:67 [ref. 26476] dated 1802, Kuiter 1997:164 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:168 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:65 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:142 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:257 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2745 [ref. 24833], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:795 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:239 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:108 [ref. 25480], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:795 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 607 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:315 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:238 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1169 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:58 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:126 [ref. 30425], Motomura et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:439 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32988] as bailloni, Fricke et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33932], Hussain & Jawad 2014:254 [ref. 33657], Psomadakis et al. 2015:230 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:38 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Ali et al. 2018:324 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:187 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:86 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:106 [ref. 36262], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:138 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:218 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:52 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:149 [ref. 36673], Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019:11 [ref. 36875], Zajonz et al. 2019:76 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 17 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:129 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:433 [ref. 37272], Kimura in Motomura et al. 2021:30 [ref. 38121], Akaike & Hata 2022:39 [ref. 39322], Mochizuki et al. 2022:21 [ref. 39612], Smith-Vaniz 2022:63 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:127 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) and Persian Gulf east to northern Line Islands and Gambier Islands, north to southern Korea and Miyagi Prefecture (northern Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bajad, Scomber ferdau var. Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:55 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Locality not stated (Red Sea). Syntypes: ZMUC P46437-438 (dry skins, head of smaller one missing). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:62 [ref. 9588] as Scomber bajad, Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. Type figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 25 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Carangoides bajad (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:124 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:176 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:426 [ref. 27969], Carpenter et al. 1997:157 [ref. 23922], Myers 1999:137 [ref. 23965], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2694 [ref. 24833], Nakabo 2000:805 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Nakabo 2002:805 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Allen & Erdmann 2012:429 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:81 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:217 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:107 [ref. 35490], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35534], Ali et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:180 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:47 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:144 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:418 [ref. 37272], Zajonz et al. 2022:107 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Carangoides bajad (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182], Smith-Vaniz 2022:38 [ref. 39876]). •Valid as Flavocaranx bajad (Fabricius 1775) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:36 [ref. 38998], Yoshida et al. 2022:58 [ref. 40039]). Current status: Valid as Flavocaranx bajad (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Miyazaki Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

balantiophthalmus, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:29 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Guinea. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1532. •Unneeded name change for Scomber crumenophthalmus Bloch 1793; objective synonym of Scomber crumenophthalmus Bloch 1793. •Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

banisteri, Seriola Smith [J. L. B.] 1959:256, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 15; ref. 4124] Off Hibberdene, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] (photograph only). •Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:657 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2740 [ref. 24833], Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2502 [ref. 34618], Smith-Vaniz 2022:61 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

banksii, Citula Risso [A.] 1820:254 [Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 91; ref. 18636] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:39 [ref. 12247]. Spelled bancksii in Risso 1827:422 [ref. 3757]. •Synonym of Caranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bartholomaei, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:100 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] St. Bartholomew Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5840. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:9 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Citula bartholomaei (Cuvier 1833) -- (authors). •Valid as Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier 1833) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:288 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1438 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:30 [ref. 27621], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:275 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Wirtz et al. 2007:12, 31 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Pinheiro et al. 2015:17 [ref. 34324], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Reiner 2019:189 [ref. 38139], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448]). •Valid as Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:159 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:130 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:284 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:60 [ref. 24474], Murdy et al. 1997:168 [ref. 23144], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:237 [ref. 25013], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Matamoros et al. 2009:17 [ref. 31241], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:173 [ref. 32953], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2474 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:76 [ref. 38844], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:339 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:138 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Trinidade Island (Brazil); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island; eastern Atlantic: Nigeria south to Gabon, including Cape Verde Islands, São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2015): Least concern. Habitat: marine.

beani, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] 1881:486 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 178); ref. 18342] Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 27372. Paratypes: (1). •Synonym of Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Current status: Synonym of Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

belengerii, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:116 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Malabar, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-0540 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:9 [ref. 12247]. Kottelat (2013) says name should be emended to belangeri based on Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:7. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207]). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

besselii, Caranx (Pleiopterus) Agassiz [L.] 1874:no page number, Pl. 1 [Pisces Celebes. Icones Piscium.; ref. 15837] Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MHNN 2125. Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:149 [ref. 21784]. Plate with name, no description. •Synonym of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Caranx Günther [A.] 1860:442 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Sierra Leone. Syntypes: (2) BMNH 1855.12.26.539 (1). •Valid as Hemicaranx bicolor (Günther 1860) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:315 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:739 [ref. 18644] with a holotype, Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:680 [ref. 21590], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1449 [ref. 27083], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2490 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:196 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:239 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Hemicaranx bicolor (Günther 1860). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Sierra Leone south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bidii, Caranx Day [F.] 1873:237 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873 (pt 1) (art. 4) (for 4 Mar. 1873); ref. 18824] Madras, India. Syntypes: AMS B.8057 (2), ?NMHN A.6504 (1), ZSI F239 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:295 [ref. 25110]. •Synonym of Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kottelat 2013:336 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz 2022:59 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

binghami, Trachurus picturatus Nichols [J. T.] 1940:2 [American Museum Novitates No. 1067; ref. 17986] Gulf of Mexico, 30°05'N, 88°09'W. Holotype (unique): AMNH 15212. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

binotata, Seriola Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:215 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] No locality. Lectotype: MNHN A-6648. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-6647 (1) Puducherry, India. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:25 [ref. 12247] with MNHN A.6648 as holotype. Lectotype designated by Eschmeyer 1998:231 [ref. 23416]. •Synonym of Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:337 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell 1829). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

binotatus, Centronotus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:43, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:19 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:383 [ref. 7198], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:321 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:750 [ref. 18644], Parenti 2019:102 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bipinnulata, Seriola Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:363, Pl. 61 (fig. 3) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Papous [Keeling Island]. Syntypes: MNHN uncat. (1, lost) Papua, MNHN 0000-2233 (1) no locality. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:26 [ref. 12247] with a holotype and paratype; based on 2 specimens and literature -- the 2 specimens are syntypes. •Valid as Elagatis bipinnulatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:376 [ref. 7198], Kyushin et al. 1977:284 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:221 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:128 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 1989:580 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:38 [ref. 20141], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Chen et al. 1997:69 [ref. 26476] dated 1824, Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830] with genus as Elegatis, Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Larson et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32988], Parin et al. 2014:361 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:153 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:830 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:162 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:652 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:739 [ref. 18644], Randall et al. 1990:163 [ref. 15987], Boschung 1992:132 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:288 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:78 [ref. 24474], Kuiter 1993:171 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:127 [ref. 22193], Azevedo & Heemstra 1995:3 [ref. 22269], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:966 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:183 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:438 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:91 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:377 [ref. 24023], Santos et al. 1997:85 [ref. 23531], Carpenter et al. 1997:162 [ref. 23922], Arruda 1997:83 [ref. 24952], Kuiter 1997:156 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:163 [ref. 25919], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:287, 390 [ref. 24555], Lin & Shao 1999:62 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:141 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:250 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2724 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:241 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:791 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:233 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847] as Elegatis, Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Nakabo 2002:791 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 604 [ref. 26218], Collette et al. 2003:110 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1448 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495] with Bennett 1840 as author and date, Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:79 [ref. 27510], Parin 2003:S6 [ref. 28536], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:307 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:117 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:232 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:369 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:285 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Hoese & Gates 2006:1159 [ref. 28997], Wirtz et al. 2007:32 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:234 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Béarez & Séret 2009:148 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957] with genus as Elegatus, Motomura et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:435 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:48 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33516], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Psomadakis et al. 2015:225 [ref. 34104], Smith-Vaniz 2015:1253 [ref. 34200], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2489 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:38 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Motomura et al. 2017:115 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:185 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509], Brown et al. 2019:168 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:50 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:147 [ref. 36673], Reiner 2019:196 [ref. 38139], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:428 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Sonoyama et al. 2020:63 [ref. 37637], Eduardo et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38817], Kim et al. 2021:144 [ref. 39117], Kovačić et al. 2021:86 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:153 [ref. 39279], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:348 [ref. 38945], Dewa et al. 2022:17 [ref. 40001], Fermon et al. 2022:239 [ref. 39448], Smith-Vaniz 2022:53 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:118 [ref. 40522], Carvalho-Filho 2023:140 [ref. 40480], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:206 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean Sea; Red Sea; Persian Gulf; Sea of Japan; southern Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

bipinnulatus, Elagatis Bennett [F. D.] 1840:283 [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] Pacific and Indian archipelago. No types known. Synonym and secondary homonym of Seriola bipinnulata Quoy & Gaimard 1825. •Synonym of Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Mundy 2005:369 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1159 [ref. 28997]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

bixanthopterus, Caranx Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1836:49, Pl. 14 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 2876. •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bleekeri, Caranx Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:461 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea; Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1871.7.15.19 [from Klunzinger] (1), ?NMW 11627 (3), ZIN 2544 (1), ZMB 7875 (1). Based in part on Caranx fulvoguttatus of Bleeker. •Synonym of Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:125 [ref. 29757], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Smith-Vaniz 2022:41 [ref. 39876]). •Synonym of Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775). Current status: Synonym of Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

blepharis, Carangoides Bleeker [P.] 1851:67 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 5); ref. 332] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 26963. Paralectotypes: RMNH 6117 (up to 4 of 17). Based on literature and specimens. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

blochii, Caesiomorus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:92, 95, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Locality not stated [is Fort Dauphin, near Tôlanaro, southeastern Madagascar]. No types preserved. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:36 [ref. 12247]. Based on description and figure in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:39, 40 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Valid as Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:225 [ref. 19754] as blochi, Dor 1984:131 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:154 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:659 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:320 [ref. 6207], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:585 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:168 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:178 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:35 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:188 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:457 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:166 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:164 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:168 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:65 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:142 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:257 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2746 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:735 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:795 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:239 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:109 [ref. 25480], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:199 [ref. 27511] with author as Cuvier, Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:795 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830] as blochi, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:626 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:314 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:238 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1169 [ref. 28997], Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:58 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:440 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:259 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:230 [ref. 34104], Koeda et al. 2016:38 [ref. 35333], Ali et al. 2018:324 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:188 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:86 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:139 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:52 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:149 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:76 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 17 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:433 [ref. 37272], Akaike et al. 2021:22 [ref. 38809], Smith-Vaniz 2022:63 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:128 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

blochii, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:69 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Gulf of Mexico. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0940 (1) St. Thomas, 0000-4360 (1) Martinique,0000- 5845 (1) Cuba, 0000-5846 (1) Cuba; ?ZMB 1535 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:9, 50 [ref. 12247]. Based on literature and specimens, not regarded technically as a replacement name. •Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644]). •Synonym of Carangoides ruber (Bloch 1793). •Synonym of Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

bonariensis, Seriola Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:211 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Buenos Aires, Argentina. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6619. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:26 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:380 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Kim et al. 1997:245 [ref. 25735], Smith-Vaniz 2022:61 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

bonito, Caranx Castelnau [F. L.] (ex Margrave) 1855:22 [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Bahia, Brazil. Based on Curveta pinima Marcgrave 1648:150 [ref. 19651]. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

boops, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:46 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, southwestern Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5815 (1) Vanikoro, Ambon specimen not found. Also in Griffith & Smith 1834:Pl. 26 (fig. 2) (opp. p. 194) [ref. 1908]. •Valid as Selar boops (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:834 [ref. 13676], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477] with author as Valenciennes, Paxton et al. 1989:583 [ref. 12442], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644], Randall et al. 1990:165 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:47 [ref. 20141], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:445 [ref. 27969] with Valenciennes as author, Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:158 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:165 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:141 [ref. 23965], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2735 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:236 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830] with author as Valenciennes, Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:81 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:235 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1165 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Kimura 2009:125 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:438 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:121 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:118 [ref. 35490], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:136 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:212 [ref. 36495], Carneiro et al. 2019:254 [ref. 37250], Fricke et al. 2019:148 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:431 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Selar boops (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: ?Eastern Atlantic: Portugal (?); Indo-West Pacific: Pakistan east to Caroline Islands and Solomon Islands, north to northern Vietnam, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

boops, Trachurus Girard [C. F.] 1858:108 [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 689. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Caranx boops Cuvier 1833 when both are in Caranx, replaced by Caranx girardi Steindachner 1870. •Synonym of Caranx caballus Günther 1868. 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Caranx caballus Günther 1868. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

boscii, Seriola Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:208 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6826. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:26 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:747 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

botla, Scomber Shaw [G.] 1803:591 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Vizagapatam, India. Neotype: CAS-SU 14445. The name is available, based primarily on Russel's Fig. 142. Neotype designated by Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019:21 [ref. 36875]. •Synonym of Trachinotus russelii Cuvier 1832 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:322 [ref. 6207] as not available). •Valid as Trachinotus botla (Shaw 1803) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:659 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:586 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:168 [ref. 15987], Randall 1995:188 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:168 [ref. 25919], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2747 [ref. 24833], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:201 [ref. 27511], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:314 [ref. 28072], Hoese & Gates 2006:1170 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2014:[3] 545 [ref. 33922], Psomadakis et al. 2015:230 [ref. 34104], Fricke et al. 2018:188 [ref. 35805], Suresh et al. 2018:219 [ref. 36495], Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019:17 [ref. 36875], Zajonz et al. 2019:76 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:433 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:64 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:129 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus botla (Shaw 1803). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to east coast of India, Myanmar and Western Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bovinoculata, Seriola (Buphthalmus) Smith [J. L. B.] 1959:259, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 15; ref. 4124] Pinda, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 519 (photograph only). •Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:657 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:749 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2741 [ref. 24833]). •Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833 -- (Fricke 1999:256 [ref. 24106], Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2503 [ref. 34618], Smith-Vaniz 2022:61 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

brachycentrus, Nauclerus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:252, Pl. 263 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Indian Ocean; Molucca Islands. Syntypes: MNHN A-6571 (1), A-6572 (1, poor condition). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:24 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

brachychirus, Trachurops Gill [T. N.] 1862:261 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 4909] Baja California, Mexico. Syntypes: USNM 4007 (2). •Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

brasiliensis, Vomer Guichenot [A.] 1866:43 [Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département de Maine-et-Loire v. 8; ref. 15731] Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2927 (3). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:31 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815). Current status: Synonym of Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

brevicarinatus, Caranx Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:461 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZIN 2662 (1), ZMB 7874 (1). •Synonym of Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker 1857 -- (Dor 1984:126 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2707 [ref. 24833], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35534], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273]). •Synonym of Carangoides praeustus (Anonymous 1830) -- (Smith-Vaniz 2022:43 [ref. 39876]). •Synonym of Craterognathus plagiotaenia (Bleeker 1857). Current status: Synonym of Craterognathus plagiotaenia (Bleeker 1857). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

brevis, Selar Bleeker [P.] 1851:361 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6095. Bleeker specimens: SMNS 10579 (1). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:10 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:24 [ref. 29864]. Also in Bleeker 1851:54 [ref. 332]. Fricke 2005:23 [ref. 29864] considers the SMNH specimen to be a syntype; needs further research. •Synonym of Alepes djedaba (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Alepes djedaba (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

breviventralis, Alectis Wakiya [Y.] 1924:216, Pl. 33 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Kii Islands, Japanese seas. Holotype: FMNH 59411 [ex CM 7753]. Paratypes: FMNH 59412 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:90 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:6 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

brevoortii, Argyriosus Gill [T. N.] 1863:83 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1679] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 4438. •Valid as Selene brevoortii (Gill 1863) -- (Pequeño 1989:61 [ref. 14125], Allen & Robertson 1994:128 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:100 [ref. 23101], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:974 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:91 [ref. 24545] as brevoorti, Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:282 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:285 [ref. 24550] as brevoorti, Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:122 [ref. 25206], Thomson et al. 2000:289 [ref. 25640], Reed et al. 2001:468 [ref. 26968], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1458 [ref. 27083], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:118 [ref. 37547], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Kells et al. 2016:236 [ref. 35888], Robertson et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35676], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:154 [ref. 39279], Kimura et al. 2022:25 [ref. 38998], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:214 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Selene brevoortii (Gill 1863). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

broekmeyeri, Selar Bleeker [P.] 1855:398 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 16848] Pasuruan, eastern Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH (apparently lost). •Questionably a synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Atule mate (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

browni, Selene Spix [J. B. Von] in Spix & Agassiz 1831 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] See Vomer brownii Cuvier 1816. •Valid as Selene browni Spix & Agassiz 1831 -- (Cervigón 1992:291 [ref. 23827]). •Predated by and a synonym of Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Current status: Synonym of Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine.

brownii, Vomer Cuvier [G.] 1816:318 [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Jamaica; New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2923 (1) New York. Non-types (types of Smith-Vaniz et al.): MNHN 0000-2917 (1), 0000-2921 (1), 0000-2922 (1), 0000-2924 (2), 0000-2926 (1), 0000-2927 (3). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:31 [ref. 12247]. Apparently available as above from footnote as, "Vomer nob Brownii, Rhomboida, etc. Brown. Jam. p. 455, no. 1. Klein, Miss. iv, pl. xii, f. 1, ou Zeus setapinnis, Mitch. New-Yorck, i, I, 9." If not regarded as available as above then the species dates to Spix & Agassiz (ex Cuvier) 1831 with locality as Brazil [Spix & Agassiz mention Cuvier 1829]. Subsequently described in Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:189, Pl. 256 [ref. 1002]. Lectotype designation (MNHN 2917) by Smith-Vaniz, Bauchot & Desoutter 1979:31 [ref. 12247] with species dating to Cuvier 1833; but if dated to 1816 or 1831 then this lectotype is not a type as Martinique is not an included locality. •Synonym of Vomer setapinnis (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:384 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Selene brownii Spix & Agassiz 1831 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:31 [ref. 12247] but with invalid lectotype). •Synonym of Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815) -- (Smith 1986:425 [ref. 22186]). •Valid as Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816) -- (Reed et al. 2001:468 [ref. 26968], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1456 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192] as browni, Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Dennis et al. 2004:76 [ref. 31601], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:291 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:48 [ref. 33341], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:354 [ref. 38945], Kimura et al. 2022:25 [ref. 38998], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bucculentus, Caranx Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:326, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Cape Grenville, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.16298-001 [ex MAMU F350] (orig 2, now 1). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. As Caranx bucculantus on legend page (p. 358) -- regarded as a misspelling. •Valid as Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay 1877 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2710 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Choi et al. 2003:326, 603 [ref. 26218], Hoese & Gates 2006:1155 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Larson et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay 1877. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

butuanensis, Caranx Seale [A.] 1910:506, Pl. 7 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Butuan Bay, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 1896 (apparently destroyed). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caballus, Caranx Günther [A.] 1868:431 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 6 (pt 7, no. 14); ref. 1994] Panama [eastern Pacific]. Syntypes: BMNH 1865.7.20.7-8 (2). •Valid as Caranx (Paratactus) caballus (Günther 1868) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:33 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Carangoides caballus (Günther 1868) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:287 [ref. 24550], Randall 2007:226 [ref. 30952]). •May be conspecific with Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Smith-Vaniz 2003:1439 [ref. 27083]). •Valid as Caranx caballus Günther 1868 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:206 [ref. 9277], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:953 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:77 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:364 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Randall & Carlson 1999:357 [ref. 25808], Fuller et al. 1999:398 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:365 [ref. 28379], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], McMahan et al. 2013:449 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:999 [ref. 33194], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:396 [ref. 34894], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:234 [ref. 35888], Burton & Lea 2019:75 [ref. 37205], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Caranx caballus Günther 1868. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: California (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), straying to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A., Central Pacific). Habitat: brackish, marine.

cadenati, Uraspis Blache [J.] & Rossignol [M.] 1962:479, Fig. [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 33 (no. 5) (for 1961); ref. 7641] Off Gabon River mouth, Gabon, depth 40 meters. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1961-0308. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:31 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Uraspis secunda (Poey 1860) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:755 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2755 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2514 [ref. 34618]). •Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Current status: Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleoalbus, Scomber Osbeck [P.] 1765:95 [Reise nach Ostindien und China; ref. 3311] Atlantic between Canary Islands and equator off West Africa, at 2°49'N. No types known. Original spelling Scomber caeruleo albus (but judging from the typeset the species epithet was meant to be caeruleo-albus). •Synonym of Gasterosteus ductor Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (current placement). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

calcar, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:55, Pl. 336 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] No locality [not Acara, Guinea in eastern Atlantic]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1479. Possible types: ZMB 1479 (1). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:53 [ref. 24282]. On p. 46 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Questionably a synonym of Oligoplites saliens (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:218 [ref. 7106]). •Valid as Oligoplites calcar (Bloch 1793) -- (Paepke 1999:53 [ref. 24282]). •Synonym of Oligoplites saliens (Bloch 1793) -- (W. Smith-Vaniz, 13 July 2004). Current status: Synonym of Oligoplites saliens (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

calla, Caranx Günther [A.] 1860:433 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Incorrect subsequent spelling for Caranx kalla Cuvier 1833. •In the synonymy of Caranx kalla Cuvier 1833. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae.

cambon, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:60 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5860 (6). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:9 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Alepes para (Cuvier 1833) -- (authors). •Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

cancroides, Caranx Richardson [J.] 1846:274 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China; China Seas. Cambridge Philosophical Soc. (whereabouts unknown). Based on a Reeves drawing and one specimen (see Whitehead 1970:213 [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

candens, Leucoglossa Jordan [D. S.], Evermann [B. W.] & Wakiya [Y.] in Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka 1927:660 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 20); ref. 2454] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 55170. •Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:754 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2754 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:374 [ref. 28379], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2513 [ref. 34618], Kimura et al. 2022:44 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

caninus, Caranx Günther [A.] 1867:601 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (pt 3); ref. 1984] Panama. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1863.12.16.19. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:292 [ref. 24550]). •Valid as Caranx caninus Günther 1867 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:206 [ref. 9277], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:825 [ref. 13676], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:954 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:78 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:362 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:122 [ref. 25206], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:223 [ref. 29160], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], McMahan et al. 2013:449 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:237 [ref. 36362], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:396 [ref. 34894], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:234 [ref. 35888], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:203 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Caranx caninus Günther 1867. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Cocos Island (Costa Rica), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2010): Least concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

canonoides, Decapterus Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:442, Pl. 4 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50846. Paratypes: CAS-SU 23291 (2) [not this species, D. macrosoma according to Smith-Vaniz 11/19/2016]. •Synonym of Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:737 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2719 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:368 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

capensis, Trachurus Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:43 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. No types known. •Synonym of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:842 [ref. 13676] but a valid subspecies, Smith-Vaniz 1986:660 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2511 [ref. 34618]). •Valid as Trachurus capensis Castelnau 1861 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:752 [ref. 18644], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:158 [ref. 25472] with authorship as Linnaeus 1758, Nekrasov 1994:75 [ref. 24544], Wirtz et al. 2007:33 [ref. 30263], Fermon et al. 2022:241 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Trachurus capensis Castelnau 1861. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Gulf of Guinea south to South Africa. Habitat: marine.

capillaris, Zeus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:383, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1986:426 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

carangoides, Leioglossus Bleeker [P.] 1851:367 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Sibogha, Sumatra; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. 1851. Syntypes: ?NMV 46319 (1); RMNH 6091 (up to 3 of 7), 27642 [ex 6091] (1). Also in Bleeker 1851:70 [ref. 332]. Caranx lioglossus Günther 1860 is a replacement. •Synonym of Ulua mentalis (Cuvier 1833) -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:1172 [ref. 28997], Motomura et al. 2007:229 [ref. 29492]). •Synonym of Atropus mentalis (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:36 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Atropus mentalis (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

carangoides, Uraspis Bleeker [P.] 1855:418 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 350] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique) (?): RMNH (whereabouts unknown). Original as carangoïdes. •Secondarily preoccupied by Leioglossus carangoides Bleeker 1851 when both are in Caranx; replaced by and objective synonym of Caranx uraspis Günther 1860 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:587 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:1173 [ref. 28997]). •Synonym of Uraspis uraspis (Günther 1860) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:43 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Uraspis uraspis (Günther 1860). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

carangua, Caranx Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Plumier) 1801:59, 74 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Martinique, West Indies, western Atlantic. No types preserved. Based on the 'Carangue' on a drawing in the manuscript by Plumier (Charles Plumier, 1646-1704, French explorer and botanist). Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:399 (vol. 7), 5 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

carangus, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:69, Pl. 340 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Antilles. Syntypes: ZMB 1542 (1). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:54 [ref. 24282]. On p. 58 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Caranx carangus (Bloch 1793) -- (Herrera 1896:46 [ref. 39336] with author as Linnaeus, Krishnan & Mishra 1994:291 [ref. 24014], Mishra et al. 1999:86 [ref. 25315], Khan 2003:9 [ref. 27710], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:30 [ref. 27712]). •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:823 [ref. 20764], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2477 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caribbaeus, Chloroscombrus Girard [C. F.] 1858:168 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10; ref. 1813] St. Joseph Island, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 16960 [ex USNM 714] (1), USNM 714 (orig. 3). See also Girard 1859:21, Pl. 11 (fig. 6) [ref. 13405]. •Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:314 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:736 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

carolina, Lichia DeKay [J. E.] 1842:114, Pl. 10 (fig. 30) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Off Sandyhook, New Jersey, U.S.A. Holotype: Cabinet of the Lyceum (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

carolinensis, Gasterosteus Shaw [G.] 1803:608 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Apparently a new name for, or unjustified emendation of (and objective synonym of) Gasterosteus carolinus Linnaeus 1766. •Synonym of Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

carolinensis, Seriola Holbrook [J. E.] 1855:70, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Ichthyology of South Carolina; ref. 2184] South Carolina coast, U.S.A., western Atlantic. No types known. Also appeared in second edition, 1860:72, Pl. 10 (fig. 2). •Synonym of Seriola zonata (Mitchill 1815). Current status: Synonym of Seriola zonata (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

carolinus, Gasterosteus Linnaeus [C.] (ex Garden) 1766:490 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.]. Holotype (unique): Linn. Soc. Lond. 136 (right half-skin). Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:203 [ref. 1841], Wheeler 1985:56 [ref. 20705]. Spelled carolinensis in Shaw 1803:608 [ref. 4014]. Based on 'Crevalle' in manuscript description and 1 specimen sent by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Valid as Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Herrera 1896:47 [ref. 39336] with genus as Trachynotus, Robins & Ray 1986:164 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:134 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:294 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:102 [ref. 24474], Murdy et al. 1997:172 [ref. 23144], González Bencomo et al. 1997:158 [ref. 24960], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:279 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:247 [ref. 25013], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:399 [ref. 24427], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1463 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:299 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Carneiro et al. 2019:256 [ref. 37250], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:359 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:148 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:43 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; northeastern Atlantic: Azores. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

carpenteri, Seriola Mather [F. J., III] 1971:177, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 84 (no. 22); ref. 7691] Luanda, Angola, 8°47'S (purchased at fishing boat docks). Holotype: USNM 205000 [ex TABL 103725]. Paratypes: ANSP 150508 (1); MNHN 1967-0834 (2), 1972-97 (1); UF 24459 [ex TABL] (1), 24462 [ex TABL 107359] (1), 24463 [ex TABL 107362] (2); USNM 42320 (13), 205001-07 (1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1); some TABL specimens unaccounted for. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:26 [ref. 12247], Böhlke 1984:33 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Seriola carpenteri Mather 1971 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:836 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:746 [ref. 18644], Pizzicori et al. 2000:1336 [ref. 40922], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2498 [ref. 34618], Capapé et al. 2018:400 [ref. 36398], Carneiro et al. 2019:254 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:199 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:240 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Seriola carpenteri Mather 1971. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay (France) south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe; southwestern Mediterranean Sea: Lampedusa (Italy), Tunisia. Habitat: marine.

caudalis, Seriola Poey [F.] 2000:391, Pl. 262 (fig. 2) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] Seriola no. 429 of Poey 1875 [ref. 3509]. Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Figured specimen listed as type. Carangidae: Caranginae.

cayennensis, Trachinotus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:417 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Cayenne, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6840. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:28 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Trachinotus cayennensis Cuvier 1832 -- (Cervigón 1992:294 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:82 [ref. 24474] as cayenensis, Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:399 [ref. 24427] as cayanensis, Keith et al. 2000:104 [ref. 24547], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1464 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:360 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:149 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus cayennensis Cuvier 1832. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuela to Pará (Brazil), including southern Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cayennensis, Vomer Guichenot [A.] 1866:43 [Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département de Maine-et-Loire v. 8; ref. 15731] Cayenne, French Guiana. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2925 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:32 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815). Current status: Synonym of Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

celetus, Caranx Smith [J. L. B.] 1968:182, Pl. 39 (figs. A-B) [Occasional Papers of the Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 15; ref. 7919] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 442. Paratypes: (22) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 671-672 (1, 1). •Synonym of Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2715 [ref. 24833], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:332 [ref. 28867], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cestus, Caranx Richardson [J.] 1846:274 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China; China Sea. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:212, Pl. 4b [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:743 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cheilio, Carangus Snyder [J. O.] 1904:524, Pl. 8 (fig. 14) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 4149] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50873. •Valid as Caranx cheilio (Snyder 1904) -- (Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Pequeño & Lamilla 2000:434 [ref. 24906]). •Synonym of Caranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:743 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2730 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:371 [ref. 28379]). •Valid as Pseudocaranx cheilio (Snyder 1904) -- (W. Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm. 4/2010, Randall 2007:236 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocaranx cheilio (Snyder 1904). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

cheverti, Caranx Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:324, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Katow [Mawatta, Western Province], Binaturi River, Papua New Guinea. Holotype: AMS 16300-001 [ex MAMU F357]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier 1833) -- (Gunn 1990:49 [ref. 20141], Kottelat 2013:336 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

chevola, Gallichtys Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:175 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Visakhapatham, India. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:39 [ref. 12247]. Based on Russell, no. 58, v. 1, p. 46. Correct spelling of genus is Gallichthys. •Synonym of Alectis indica (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Scyris indica Rüppell 1830. Current status: Synonym of Scyris indica Rüppell 1830. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

chilensis, Caranx Guichenot [A.] 1848:235, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Fauna Chilena.... in Gay.; ref. 1939] Juan Fernández Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5844. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:10 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Caranx chilensis Guichenot 1848 -- (Pequeño & Lamilla 2000:434 [ref. 24906]). •Valid as Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot 1848) -- (Pequeño & Sáez 2000:32 [ref. 24590], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Dyer & Westneat 2010:605 [ref. 31446], Béarez & Villaroel 2018:303 [ref. 36516]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocaranx chilensis (Guichenot 1848). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Juan Fernández and San Felix islands (Chile); Chañaral Island (off northern-central Chile). Habitat: marine.

chloris, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:67, Pl. 339 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Coast of Guinea, Coast of America. Syntypes: ZMB 1611-12 (1, 1), 8738 (, dry, missing). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:54 [ref. 24282]. On p. 56 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:735 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

chloroscombroides, Caranx queenslandiae Nichols [J. T.] 1942:228 [Copeia 1942 (no. 4); ref. 13213] Java or Sumatra, Indonesia (exact data lost). Holotype (unique): AMNH 15942. •Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

chrysophryoides, Carangoides Bleeker [P.] 1851:366 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1880.4.21.122-123 (2), RMNH 6113 (1). Also in Bleeker 1851:63 [ref. 332]. •Synonym of Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2696 [ref. 24833]). •Synonym of Platycaranx chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Platycaranx chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

chrysophrys, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:77, Pl. 247 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-0560. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:10 [ref. 12247]. •Mention -- (Dor 1984:126 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:274 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:198 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:157 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:643 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:574 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:158 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:19 [ref. 20141], Kuiter 1993:175 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356] as chrysoptera, Randall 1995:176 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:158 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:61 [ref. 26476], Randall et al. 1997:158 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:51 [ref. 23921], Fricke 1999:244 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2696 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:808 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:808 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:30 [ref. 27712], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:302 [ref. 28072], Hoese & Gates 2006:1152 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Kimura 2009:118 [ref. 30425], Larson et al. 2013:119 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:218 [ref. 34104], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35534], Ali et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:180 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:105 [ref. 36262], Eagderi et al. 2019:47 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:419 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:62 [ref. 37637], Smith-Vaniz 2022:39 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:108 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Platycaranx chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:37 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Platycaranx chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Sea of Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

chrysurus, Scomber Linnaeus [C.] (ex Garden) 1766:494 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.]. Syntypes: LS 131-134 (4, half skins). Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:204 [ref. 1841], Wheeler 1985:55-56 [ref. 20705]. Based on 'Yellowtail' in manuscript description, and 2 specimens sent by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Valid as Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:337 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:162 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:649 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:735 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:676 [ref. 21590], Boschung 1992:131 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:286 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:71 [ref. 24474], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:157 [ref. 25472], Murdy et al. 1997:164 [ref. 23144], González Bencomo et al. 1997:158 [ref. 24960], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:281 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:239 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25466], Keith et al. 2000:94 [ref. 24547], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1444 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:281 [ref. 28815], Wirtz et al. 2007:32 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:173 [ref. 32953], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Fabiano et al. 2014:9 [ref. 33530], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:48 [ref. 33341], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2483 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Reiner 2019:193 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Kovačić et al. 2021:68 [ref. 39014], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:344 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:238 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:140 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726], Vieira et al. 2023:16 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to northern Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2017): Least concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cibi, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:224 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 17252-53 (2). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:186 [ref. 22926] with a holotype. •Synonym of Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Current status: Synonym of Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ciliaria, Citula Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:102, Pl. 25 (fig. 8) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 9457 (1, dry), 14129 (1, dry), plus one lost. •Valid as Carangoides ciliarius (Rüppell 1830) -- (Dor 1984:124 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356]). •Possibly a synonym of Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (authors). •Synonymy of Olistus armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989] with question). •Synonym of Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Bogorodsky et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35534], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273]). •Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Current status: Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ciliaris, Atropus Goldfuss [G. A.] 1820:83 [Handbuch der Zoologie 2 parts; ref. 1829] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. New name for Brama atropus Bloch & Schneider 1801. See Atropus ciliaris Schinz 1822. •Synonym of Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Current status: Synonym of Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ciliaris, Atropus Schinz [H. R.] 1822:521 [Das Thierreich v. 2; ref. 3926] Unneeded replacement name for and objective synonym of Brama atropos Bloch & Schneider 1801 (see Daget 1968:1059 [ref. 26392]). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Atropus ciliaris Goldfuss 1820. •Objective synonym of Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Daget 1968:1059 [ref. 26392]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ciliaris, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:129 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Puducherry, India. Holotype: MNHN A-5547. •Regarded as a nomen dubium in Carangoides -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:10 [ref. 12247]). •Olistus armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989] with question). •Synonym of Atropus hedlandensis (Whitley 1934) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:36 [ref. 38998] as nomen oblitum). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Atropus hedlandensis (Whitley 1934). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ciliaris, Zeus Bloch [M. E.] 1787:36, Pl. 191 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] Surate, India [Indian Ocean]. Lectotype: ZMB 1593. Paralectotypes: ZMB (1, missing). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:56 [ref. 24282]. On p. 27 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 6 [ref. 21381]. Lectotype established by use of holotype in Smith-Vaniz et al. 1986; also selected by Paepke 1999:56 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:34 [ref. 39147] as cilialis, Kyushin et al. 1982:211 [ref. 19754], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:334 [ref. 14275], Dor 1984:122 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:157 [ref. 6441], Robins & Ray 1986:159 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:640 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:573 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Randall et al. 1990:157 [ref. 15987], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644], Gunn 1990:9 [ref. 20141], Boschung 1992:130 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:284 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:57 [ref. 24474], Kuiter 1993:177 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Allen & Robertson 1994:125 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:100 [ref. 23101], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:952 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:173 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:420 [ref. 27969], Murdy et al. 1997:160 [ref. 23144], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:155 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:60 [ref. 26476] dated 1788, Cheng & Zhou 1997:261 [ref. 26385] dating to 1788, De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:76 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:360 [ref. 24023], Randall et al. 1997:157 [ref. 25919], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:11 [ref. 24670], Lin & Shao 1999:48 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:137 [ref. 23965], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2684 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:236 [ref. 25013], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:802 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:227 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:412 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:802 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 602 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1437 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495] dated 1788, Parin 2003:S6 [ref. 28536], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:301 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:222 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:362 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:274 [ref. 28815], Hoese & Gates 2006:1149 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:225 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Kimura 2009:115 [ref. 30425], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:427 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:118 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:114 [ref. 34464], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Parin et al. 2014:360 [ref. 33547], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:214 [ref. 34104], Pinheiro et al. 2015:17 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2472 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:36 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:6 [ref. 35354], Motomura et al. 2017:104 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:321 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:179 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:82 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:125 [ref. 36460], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Eagderi et al. 2019:45 [ref. 37020], Reiner 2019:189 [ref. 38139], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 15 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:415 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:151 [ref. 38098], Sonoyama et al. 2020:62 [ref. 37637], Kim et al. 2021:138 [ref. 39117], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:338 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448], Kimura et al. 2022:16 [ref. 38998], Smith-Vaniz 2022:32 [ref. 39876], Carvalho-Filho 2023:137 [ref. 40480], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:200 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981], Vilasri et al. 2023:80 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical, subtropical and temperate seas (including Red Sea; Persian Gulf; Sea of Japan; southern Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.

cirrhosus, Caranx Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:126 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Red Sea. Name mentioned in passing under Caranx citula. •In the synonymy of Carangoides ciliarius (Rüppell 1830) -- (Dor 1984:125 [ref. 29757]). •In the synonymy of Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae.

citula, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:126, Pl. 250 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] New Guinea; Red Sea. Holotype: MNHN A-6182. Other specimen: MNHN A-6102 (1) New Guinea, A-6181 (1) Red Sea, B-2881 (1) Red Sea; ZMB 1571-72 (1, 1) Red Sea. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:10 [ref. 12247] and Bauchot & Daget 1996:243 [ref. 22899] with A.6182 as holotype. Only the name Caranx cirrhosus Ehrenb. appears on Pl. 250. •Synonym of Carangoides ciliarius (Rüppell 1830) -- (Dor 1984:125 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (authors). •Synonym of Olistus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Bogorodsky et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35534]). •Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:36 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cives, Caranx De Vis [C. W.] 1884:540 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4899] North coast of Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.955 (dry mount). •Synonym of Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:580 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:40 [ref. 20141], Hoese & Gates 2006:1160 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

claeszooni, Ferdauia Whitley [G. P.] 1947:136, Pl. 11 (fig. 2) [Australian Zoologist v. 11 (pt 2); ref. 4708] South west of Cape Baskerville, Western Australia. Holotype: AMS or WAM (lost). Paratypes: (3) lost or not saved. •Synonym of Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:575 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:24 [ref. 20141], Hoese & Gates 2006:1153 [ref. 28997]). •Synonym of Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775). Current status: Synonym of Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

clupeoides, Scomber Richardson [J.] (ex Solander) 1843:26 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 11 (nos 67-8, 71-2); ref. 13395] Southern Ocean near Motuaro [? Motuari, Gambier Islands]. No types known. •Questionable as Trachurus clupeoides (Richardson 1843). Current status: Uncertain as Trachurus clupeoides (Richardson 1843). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

clupeoides, Scomber Broussonet [P. M. A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:178 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Not available, name mentioned in account of Cybium clupeoideum; from Norfolk I. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

coeruleopinnatus, Caranx Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:100 [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Lectotype: SMF 2873. Paralectotypes: SMF 2874 (1). Spelled caeruleopinnatus on p. 142 and widely in literature; first reviser not established. Lectotype established by Dor 1984:124 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Valid as Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:276 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:200 [ref. 19754], Randall 1995:177 [ref. 22896], Myers 1999:137 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:245 [ref. 24106], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Ho & Shao 2011: 45 [ref. 31432], Smith-Vaniz 2022:39 [ref. 39876]). •Valid as Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Dor 1984:124 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:157 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:574 [ref. 12442], Smith-Vaniz 1986:643 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:158 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:16 [ref. 20141], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:224 [ref. 24016], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:158 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:160 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:158 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:51 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2695 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:808 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:808 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 603 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:75 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624] as caeruleopinnatus, Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715] as caeruleopinnatus, Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:302 [ref. 28072] as caeruleopinnatus, Randall 2005:223 [ref. 28239], Randall et al. 2005:121 [ref. 28745], Hoese & Gates 2006:1151 [ref. 28997] as caetuleopinnatus, Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:118 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:430 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:119 [ref. 32988] as caeruleopinnatus, Psomadakis et al. 2015:218 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:107 [ref. 35490], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35534], Ali et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:181 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:129 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:48 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:144 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:419 [ref. 37272], Jaafar in Motomura et al. 2021:29 [ref. 38121], Nomura et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38488]). •Valid as Turrum coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Hasan et al. 2023:2209 [ref. 40412], Vilasri et al. 2023:84 [ref. 40764]). •Valid as Turrum coeruleopinnatum (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:28 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Turrum coeruleopinnatum (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Samoa and Tonga, north to Nagasaki Prefecture (southern Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

colburni, Seriola Evermann [B. W.] & Clark [H. W.] 1928:685, Pl. 27 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 22); ref. 5565] Off Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): CAS 2164 (skin). See Grove & Lavenberg 1997:371 [ref. 24023] [but also see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]]. •Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:839 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:979 [ref. 22829], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2741 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2503 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

columba, Zeus Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:375, 382 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Also appeared in Devincenzi 1925:301, 323 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758). •Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

columbarius, Gasterosteus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] in Machado 1857:24 [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. No types known. Name only; not available. Name from Cabrera 1817 [ref. 17319], apparently an unpublished work. Authorship see Graells 1887:141 [ref. 30438]. Also appeared as name only in Graells 1887:181 [ref. 30438]. •In the synonymy of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae.

columbarius, Gasterosteus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] 1817:7 [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only, not available. Possibly an unpublished work. See also Gasterosteus columbarius Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler in Machado 1857:24 [ref. 17320]. •In the synonymy of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae.

columbiensis, Vomer Guichenot [A.] 1866:39 [Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département de Maine-et-Loire v. 8; ref. 15731] Santa Marta, Colombia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2920. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:32 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Current status: Synonym of Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

commersonnianus, Scomberoides Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1801:50, 53 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Fort Dauphin, Toliara Province, Madagascar. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:40 [ref. 12247]. Based on manuscript and drawing of Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:387, 390 (vol. 7) [ref. 30473]. The original spelling is acceptable. •Valid as Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:194 [ref. 7106], Kyushin et al. 1977:288 [ref. 19756] as commersonianus, Kyushin et al. 1982:227 [ref. 19754] as commersonianus, Dor 1984:130 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz 1986:655 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:316 [ref. 6207], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:582 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:165 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:43 [ref. 20141], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356] as commersonianus, Randall 1995:184 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:443 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:164 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:162 [ref. 25488] as commersonianus, Randall et al. 1997:165 [ref. 25919], Motomura et al. 1998:101 [ref. 23630], Lin & Shao 1999:64 [ref. 23921], Fricke 1999:253 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2731 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:794 [ref. 25086] as commersonianus, Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:186 [ref. 25703], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:794 [ref. 26001] as commersonianus, Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:310 [ref. 28072], Hoese & Gates 2006:1164 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30213] as commersonianus, Kimura 2009:124 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:437 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:120 [ref. 34464], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2015:45 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:226 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:116 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:323 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:186 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:86 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:106 [ref. 36262], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:135 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:208 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:51 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:148 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:429 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:64 [ref. 37637], Taki et al. 2021:391 [ref. 39830], Abdussamad et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39002], Smith-Vaniz 2022:57 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:120 [ref. 40522], Nakashimada et al. 2024:49 [ref. 40828]). Current status: Valid as Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801. Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), south to Western Australia, Sydney (New South Wales) and New Caledonia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

compressus, Caranx Macleay [W.] 1883:204 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 2); ref. 14342] Lower Burdekin River, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS A.18279-80 (1, 1). •Synonym of Pantolabus radiatus (Macleay 1881) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:581 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:42 [ref. 20141], Hoese & Gates 2006:1162 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Pantolabus radiatus (Macleay 1881). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

compressus, Caranx Day [F.] 1871:689 [13] [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1870 (pt 3); ref. 1078] Andaman Islands. Holotype (unique): ZSI 252. Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762]. On p. 13 of separate. •Valid as Carangoides compressus (Day 1871) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:272 [ref. 19756]). •Synonym of Carangoides plagiotaenia Bleeker 1857 -- (Dor 1984:126 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz 1986:646 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2707 [ref. 24833], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Smith-Vaniz 2022:43 [ref. 39876]). •Synonym of Craterognathus plagiotaenia (Bleeker 1857). Current status: Synonym of Craterognathus plagiotaenia (Bleeker 1857). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

compressus, Nauclerus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:249, Pl. 263 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: MNHN A-6567 (2), A-6568 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:24 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:378 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

conductor, Centronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:309, 311, Pl. 10 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Not available, incorrect subsequent spelling of Gasterosteus ductor Linnaeus 1758. Cited on p. 311 as "Gasterosteus conductor. Linné, édition de Gmelin". •In the synonymy of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:378 [ref. 7198]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae.

coppingeri, Trachynotus Günther [A.] 1884:29, Pl. 3 (fig. A) [Reptilia, Batrachia, and Pisces 1884; ref. 14389] Percy Island, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: BMNH 1881.10.12.44. Original genus should have been Trachinotus. •Valid as Trachinotus coppingeri Günther 1884 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:586 [ref. 12442], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2748 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:735 [ref. 25471], Hoese & Gates 2006:1170 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019:21 [ref. 36875]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus coppingeri Günther 1884. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: Eastern Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands. Habitat: marine.

cordyla, Scomber Linnaeus [C.] 1758:298 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America [in error]. If Neotype is accepted: Riau, Selat Riau, Indonesia. Neotype: SMNS 3849. Spelled cordila by Bonnaterre 1788:139 [ref. 4940]. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:252 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. But Kottelat (2013) says it fulfills conditions of the Code. Freshwater record by Herre (1953:279) listed by Kottelat (2013). •Valid as Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:197 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:129 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:653 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:581 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:164 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:40 [ref. 20141], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:824 [ref. 20764], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:183 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:441 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:163 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:66 [ref. 26476], Randall et al. 1997:164 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:59 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:141 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:252 [ref. 24106], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:245 [ref. 24754], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2726 [ref. 24833], Mishra et al. 1999:86 [ref. 25315], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:793 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:235 [ref. 25191], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:186 [ref. 25703], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:100 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:793 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 605 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:31 [ref. 27712], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:234 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:370 [ref. 28379], Randall et al. 2005:122 [ref. 28745], Hoese & Gates 2006:1161 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Kimura 2009:123 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:436 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:119 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:225 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:116 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:323 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:185 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:134 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:207 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:50 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:428 [ref. 37272], Kim et al. 2021:146 [ref. 39117], Smith-Vaniz 2022:54 [ref. 39876], Vilasri et al. 2023:82 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to southern Korea and southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

cordyla, Trachurus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:124 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] This is apparently a new combination for Linnaeus' Scomber cordyla and not a new species proposal. Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434] and 1989:217 [ref. 21873] treated as a new species proposal, wrongly with a holotype [BMNH 1853.11.12.93]. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

coronata, Seriola Poey [F.] 1860:232 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

cosmopolita, Micropteryx Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1831:104, Pl. 59 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Brazil. No types known. •Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207]). Current status: Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cosmopolita, Seriola Cuvier [G.] 1829:206 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Dans les deux Océans. Syntypes: ZMB 1611-12 (1, 1). Available as, "Seriola cosmopolita, N., Scomber chloris, Bl., 339." Also in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:219, Pl. 259 [ref. 1002]. •Valid as Seriola cosmopolita Cuvier 1829 -- (Herrera 1896:47 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Current status: Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cretata, Seriola Fowler [H. W.] 1904:506, Pl. 11 (lower fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 27499. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:33 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell 1829) -- (Kottelat 2013:337 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell 1829). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

crinitus, Zeus Mitchill [S. L.] 1826:144, Pl. [American Journal of Science and Arts v. 11; ref. 17779] Block Island, New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644], Randall 1995:173 [ref. 22896], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2684 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1437 [ref. 27083], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2472 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

cristata, Seriola Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1884:187 [19] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 49 (1. Abth.); ref. 4248] Tokyo, Japan. Holotype (unique): NMW 76641. •Synonym of Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel 1845. Current status: Synonym of Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel 1845. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

crockeri, Trachurops crumenophthalmus Nichols [J. T.] 1935:3, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 815; ref. 13908] Boring Bay, inside lagoon of Hao Island, Tuamotus, South Pacific. Holotype (unique): AMNH 12661. •Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

crumenophthalmus, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:77, Pl. 343 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Acara [Accra, Ghana, Gulf of Guinea, eastern Atlantic]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1532. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:54 [ref. 24282]. On p. 65 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. Species epithet misspelled crumenophtalmus by Cuvier 1831:153 [ref. 30376]. •Valid as Caranx crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Herrera 1896:46 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:33 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:252 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:220 [ref. 19754], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:330 [ref. 14275], Sheiko 1983:18 [ref. 37041], Dor 1984:131 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:154 [ref. 6441], Robins & Ray 1986:161 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:656 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477] as crumenthalmops, Scott & Scott 1988:378 [ref. 25518], Paxton et al. 1989:583 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:35 [ref. 13251], McAllister 1990:146 [ref. 14674], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644], Gunn 1990:48 [ref. 20141], Randall et al. 1990:166 [ref. 15987], Boschung 1992:132 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:290 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:88 [ref. 24474], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:292 [ref. 24014], Allen & Robertson 1994:128 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:104 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:35 [ref. 25356], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:973 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:185 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:448 [ref. 27969], Cheng & Zhou 1997:269 [ref. 26385], Murdy et al. 1997:163 [ref. 23144], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:91 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:368 [ref. 24023], Carpenter et al. 1997:165 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:65 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:158 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:166 [ref. 25919], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:277 [ref. 24555], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:11 [ref. 24670], Lin & Shao 1999:60 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:141 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:255 [ref. 24106], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:275 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2736 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:243 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:74 [ref. 25466], Nakabo 2000:798 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:236 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:100 [ref. 26368], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:209 [ref. 27511], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:420 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:798 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 606 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830] as crumenophthalma, Smith-Vaniz 2003:1455 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:81 [ref. 27510], Parin 2003:S7 [ref. 28536], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Love et al. 2005:118 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:236 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:372 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:290 [ref. 28815], Hoese & Gates 2006:1166 [ref. 28997], Wirtz et al. 2007:33 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:237 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:58 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:125 [ref. 30425], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:438 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32988], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:48 [ref. 33341], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:422 [ref. 33460], Fricke et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33932], Wirtz et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33516], Parin et al. 2014:362 [ref. 33547], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:228 [ref. 34104], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2494 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:38 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:118 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:324 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:187 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:86 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:136 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:214 [ref. 36495], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509], Brown et al. 2019:168 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:254 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:52 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:148 [ref. 36673], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Reiner 2019:198 [ref. 38139], Bogorodsky et al. 2020:521 [ref. 38001], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 17 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:431 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Sonoyama et al. 2020:64 [ref. 37637], Walker et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37499], Kimura in Motomura et al. 2021:29 [ref. 38121], Love et al. 2021:154 [ref. 39279], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:353 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:239 [ref. 39448], Smith-Vaniz 2022:59 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:123 [ref. 40522], Carvalho-Filho 2023:144 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:213 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981], Vilasri et al. 2023:82 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Caribbean Sea; Red Sea; Persian Gulf; Sea of Japan; Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.

crysos, Scomber Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:424, Pl. 4 (fig. 2). [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York Bay, New York, U.S.A. No types known. Spelled chrysos on Pl. 4; first reviser not researched. Spelled chrysos by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:98 [ref. 1002]. •Valid as Carangoides crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:287 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1439 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:276 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Wirtz et al. 2007:32 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Bañon et al. 2010:17 [ref. 31029], Carvalho-Filho 2023:137 [ref. 40480]). •Valid as Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:331 [ref. 14275], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:823 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:375 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:146 [ref. 14674], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:679 [ref. 21590], Boschung 1992:130 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:285 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:62 [ref. 24474], Andreata & Séret 1996:585 [ref. 16204], Swaby et al. 1996:543 [ref. 25524], Murdy et al. 1997:167 [ref. 23144], Santos et al. 1997:85 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:83 [ref. 24952], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Vacchi et al. 1999:326 [ref. 24369], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:237 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:83 [ref. 26753], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:413 [ref. 26158], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Fabiano et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33530], Pinheiro et al. 2015:17 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2475 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509], Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:190 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:59 [ref. 37515], Iglésias et al. 2020:294 [ref. 37987], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Bañón & Maño 2021:83 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:48 [ref. 38303], Iglésias et al. 2021:176 [ref. 38818], Marceniuk in Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Marceniuk et al. 2021:340 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448], Di Blasi et al. 2023:[2] [ref. 40620], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Brunswick (Canada) south to Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cubae, Vomer Guichenot [A.] 1866:44 [Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département de Maine-et-Loire v. 8; ref. 15731] Havana, Cuba. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2926. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:31, 32 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Current status: Synonym of Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cubensis, Hynnis Poey [F.] 1860:235 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 34155 (isolated bones). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:187 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

cubensis, Vomer setapinnis Nichols [J. T.] 1918:672 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 38 (art. 18); ref. 17979] Market at Cienfuegos, Las Villas Province, Cuba. Holotype: AMNH 7148. Paratypes: (5) AMNH 2854 (1). •Synonym of Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815). Current status: Synonym of Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cultrata, Seriola Hutton [F. W.] 1872:17 [Fishes of New Zealand (Hutton); ref. 2287] Not available, name mentioned in synonymy. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

culveri, Trachinotus Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] in Jordan 1895:439, Pl. 36 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Astillero at Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Lectotype: CAS-SU 2691. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1895.5.27.118 (1) [from Jordan], CAS-SU 2691 (2, incl. lectotype). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:75 [ref. 12291]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 147, p. 3265 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. •Synonym of Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner 1875 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:980 [ref. 22829] as cuvieri, Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:280 [ref. 24550]). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner 1875. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cupreus, Trachinotus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:414 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Martinique Island, West Indies. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2791 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:28 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

curtus, Vomer Cope [E. D.] 1870:119 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 22; ref. 18030] Rhode Island, U.S.A. (also N. American Atlantic coast). Syntypes: ANSP 11167 (1, primary specimen, missing), ANSP 11166 (1) Bonaparte specimen. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:33 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratype. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

cuvieri, Caranx Lowe [R. T.] 1838:183 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 2 (pt 3, art. 14); ref. 2831] Off Madeira. Apparently lost. •Synonym of Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:382 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:752 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich 1825). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

cuvieri, Trachynotus Wakiya [Y.] 1924:220 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Misaki, Japan. No types known. •Synonym of Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:320 [ref. 6207], Hussain & Jawad 2014:255 [ref. 33657], Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019:12 [ref. 36875]). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cyanophrys, Naucrates Swainson [W.] 1839:412 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Palermo, Sicily, Italy; Nice, Département des Alpes-Maritimes, France, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

cynodon, Caranx Bleeker [P.] 1851:362 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3) RMNH 6109 (1). Also in Bleeker 1851 [ref. 332]. •Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2717 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

dasson, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1907:210, Fig. 2 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (no. 623) (for 1906); ref. 10656] Market in Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 57782. •Valid as Caranx dasson Jordan & Snyder 1907 -- (Randall 1995:177 [ref. 22896]). •Questionably a synonym of Carangoides equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2698 [ref. 24833]). •Synonym of Carangoides equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Mundy 2005:364 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:227 [ref. 30952], Smith-Vaniz 2022:40 [ref. 39876] with question). •Synonym of Kaiwarinus equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Current status: Synonym of Kaiwarinus equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

daubentonii, Caranx Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Plumier) 1801:58, 71 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] No locality stated [Martinique Island, West Indies]. No types preserved. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:36 [ref. 12247]. Based on 'Trachurus argento-caeruleus' in painting by Plumier (Charles Plumier, 1646-1704, French explorer and botanist). Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:397, 420 (vol. 7) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

dayi, Decapterus Wakiya [Y.] 1924:158, Pl. 18 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Taiwan. Holotype (unique): FMNH 59468 [ex CM 7711]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:90 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:31 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:45 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2722 [ref. 24833], Ho & Shao 2011:45 [ref. 31432], Eagderi et al. 2019:50 [ref. 37020]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

deani, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1905:775, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1407); ref. 2495] Negros, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 51951. Paratypes: (1). •Synonym of Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier 1833) -- (authors). •Synonym of Carangoides dinema Bleeker 1851 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2697 [ref. 24833]). •Synonym of Olistus dinema (Bleeker 1851) -- (Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Carangichthys oblongus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:48 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Carangichthys oblongus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

declivifrons, Vomer Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1925:367, Pl. 29 (fig. 2) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 226); ref. 13609] Panama City market, Panama. Holotype: USNM 81773. Other material: (42). •Synonym of Selene peruviana (Guichenot 1866) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:976 [ref. 22829], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:284 [ref. 24550]). Current status: Synonym of Selene peruviana (Guichenot 1866). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

declivis, Caranx Jenyns [L.] 1841:68, Pl. 14 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Princess Royal Harbor, King George Sound, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1917.7.14.30. •Valid as Trachurus declivis (Jenyns 1841) -- (Kawahara et al. 1988:212 [ref. 22496], Paxton et al. 1989:586 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], Kawahara in Amaoka et al. 1990:265 [ref. 16024], Kuiter 1993:179 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Nekrasov 1994:138 [ref. 24544], Gomon et al. 1994:589 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:156 [ref. 25488], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2750 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:735 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Choi et al. 2003:326, 608 [ref. 26218], Hoese & Gates 2006:1170 [ref. 28997], Smith-Vaniz 2008:580 [ref. 30654], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Smith-Vaniz 2015:1260 [ref. 34200]). Current status: Valid as Trachurus declivis (Jenyns 1841). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: southern Australia, New Zealand, Kermadec Islands. Habitat: brackish, marine.

declivis, Seriola Poey [F.] 1860:230 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cojinar near Havana, Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

defensor, Caranx DeKay [J. E.] 1842:120, Pl. 24 (fig. 72) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York, U.S.A. Holotype: New York State coll. (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Smith 1986:425 [ref. 22186], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

delagoa, Trachurus Nekrasov [V. V.] 1970:96, Fig. [Trudy Azovsko-Černomorskoj Naučno-Promyslovoj Ékspedicii v. 29; ref. 7768] Delagoa Bay, Mozambique; Madagascar; Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Saya de Malha bank, western Indian Ocean. Syntypes: (many). Author also seen as Necrassov. •Valid as Trachurus delagoa Nekrasov 1970 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:659 [ref. 5718], Nekrasov 1994:110 [ref. 24544], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:316 [ref. 28072], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2018:188 [ref. 35805], Smith-Vaniz 2022:65 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Valid as Trachurus delagoa Nekrasov 1970. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Mozambique to Walters Shoals and Madagascar. Habitat: marine.

delicatissimus, Caranx Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1884:184 [16] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 49 (1. Abth.); ref. 4248] Fish market in Tokyo, Japan. Holotype (unique): NMW. •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:743 [ref. 18644], Mundy 2005:371 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

delicatulus, Chorinemus Richardson [J.] 1846:269 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Chinese Sea. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:213, Pl. 21c [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:194 [ref. 7106], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:316 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801. Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dentex, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:30 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 14112 (dry, stuffed). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:54 [ref. 24282]. See Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2006:102 [ref. 28900]. See Smith-Vaniz & Randall 1994 [ref. 21632] and Opinion 1841. Fricke 1999:253 [ref. 24106] dates this species to an 1800 edition of which only a fragment of the text remains (see Fricke p. 666) -- that edition should be placed on the Official Index of Rejected Works. •Valid as Caranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:833 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz 1986:654 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:582 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:61 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], Randall et al. 1990:164 [ref. 15987], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644], Kuiter 1993:176 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Gomon et al. 1994:584 [ref. 22532], Allen 1997:114, 116 [ref. 23977], Santos et al. 1997:86 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:84 [ref. 24952], Kuiter 1997:162 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:164 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:59 [ref. 23921], Fricke 1999:253 [ref. 24106], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2730 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:242 [ref. 25013], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Nakabo 2000:804 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:235 [ref. 25191], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:85 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:804 [ref. 26001], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1454 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:304 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:40 [ref. 37112], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:289 [ref. 28815], Mundy 2005:371 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:234 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1163 [ref. 28997], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Randall 2007:236 [ref. 30952], Smith-Vaniz 2008:577 [ref. 30654], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30213], Bañon et al. 2010:17 [ref. 31029], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:45 [ref. 36649], Motomura et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31256], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Kim & Song 2014:341 [ref. 39489], Wirtz et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33516], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2493 [ref. 34618], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Bearham et al. 2019:[B] [ref. 36963] as P. sp. "dentex", Brown et al. 2019:168 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:197 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:61 [ref. 37515], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Sonoyama et al. 2020:64 [ref. 37637], Bañón & Maño 2021:83 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:50 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39014], Mochizuki et al. 2021:50 [ref. 38974], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:7 [ref. 40448], Fermon et al. 2022:239 [ref. 39448] possible, Smith-Vaniz 2022:56 [ref. 39876], Carvalho-Filho 2023:143 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Tursi & Mastrototaro in Digenis et al. 2024:107 [ref. 40958]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in warm temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Japan), but not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

depressus, Stromateus Perry [G.] 1810:unnumbered page, Pl. XXVI [Ichthyology. In: Arcana, or, The Museum of Natural History v. 1; ref. 12255] No locality. No types known. Original not seen. Regarded as a nomen oblitum. Published 1 July 1810. •In genus Selene -- (W. Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm.). •Probably the same as Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Uncertain as Selene setapinnis (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dimidiatus, Scomber Broussonet [P. M. A.] in Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:64 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Nomen nudum, manuscript name mentioned in passing. Also appeared as name in synonymy in Richardson 1843:27 [ref. 13395] and as a name on a specimen in Günther 1860:430 [ref. 1963] from Dusky Bay, New Zealand. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

dinema, Carangoides Bleeker [P.] 1851:365 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. No types known. Also in Bleeker 1852:63 [ref. 332]. •Mention -- (Dor 1984:126 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Olistus dinema (Bleeker 1951) -- (Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Carangoides dinema Bleeker 1851 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:643 [ref. 5718], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:427 [ref. 27969], Lin & Shao 1999:52 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:137 [ref. 23965], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2697 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:223 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1152 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Allen & Erdmann 2012:430 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:181 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:144 [ref. 36673], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:419 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:40 [ref. 39876]). •Valid as Carangichthys dinema (Bleeker 1851) -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Suzuki & Uno 1992:2 [ref. 24319], Nakabo 2000:804 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:804 [ref. 26001], Motomura et al. 2017:106 [ref. 35490], Sonoyama et al. 2020:62 [ref. 37637], Kimura et al. 2022:46 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Carangichthys dinema (Bleeker 1851). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Madagascar east to Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan). Habitat: brackish, marine.

dinjerra, Pseudocaranx Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Jelks [H. L.] 2006:98, Figs. 2-3a [Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria v. 63 (no. 1); ref. 28900] Southwest of Shark Bay, 25°28'S, 112°27'E to 25°19'S, 112°17'E, Western Australia, depth 131-139 meters. Holotype: NMV A.1962. Paratypes: ANSP 148695 (2), 148696 (20); USNM 385866 (15); WAM P.22338 (1). Type catalog: Moore et al. 2008:29 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Pseudocaranx dinjerra Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2006 -- (Smith-Vaniz 2008:577 [ref. 30654], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Bearham et al. 2019:[B] [ref. 36963]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocaranx dinjerra Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2006. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Shark Bay south to Lancelin (Western Australia). Habitat: marine.

diversa, Citula Whitley [G. P.] 1940:421 [Australian Zoologist v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 4699] Southern Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.13491. Based on Caranx altissimus of McCulloch 1915, Biol. Res. Endeav. v. 3 (no. 3), p. 134, Pl. 24. •Synonym of Caranx coeruleopinnatus Rüppell 1830 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:574 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Gunn 1990:16 [ref. 20141], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2695 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Hoese & Gates 2006:1151 [ref. 28997]). •Synonym of Turrum coeruleopinnatum (Rüppell 1830). Current status: Synonym of Turrum coeruleopinnatum (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

djedaba, Scomber Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:56, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; Suez, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Surviving syntypes: ZMUC P46441 (1, dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:62 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:31 [ref. 30182]. ZMUC syntype figured as holotype in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 26 [ref. 20847]. Spelled djeddaba in Rüppell 1829:97 [ref. 3843]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:31 [ref. 30182]. Smith-Vaniz pers. communication 5/12/2016 says does not occur in Hawaiian Islands. •Valid as Selar djeddaba (Forsskål 1775) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:379 [ref. 7198]). •Valid as Caranx djedaba (Forsskål 1775) -- (Chen et al. 1997:64 [ref. 26476] as djeddaba, Cheng & Zhou 1997:268 [ref. 26385] as djeddaba, Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Kimura 2009:116 [ref. 30425]). •Valid as Alepes djedaba (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:213 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:123 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:821 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz 1986:641 [ref. 5718], Coad 1991:26 [ref. 15702], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:223 [ref. 24016] as djeddaba, Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:174 [ref. 22896], Iwatsuki & Kimura 1996:182 [ref. 22266], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:421 [ref. 27969], Carpenter et al. 1997:155 [ref. 23922], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567], Lin & Shao 1999:49 [ref. 23921], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:244 [ref. 24754], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2687 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:800 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:186 [ref. 25703], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:83 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:800 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:30 [ref. 27712], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:83 [ref. 29533], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Allen & Erdmann 2012:428 [ref. 31980], Yoshida et al. 2013:115 [ref. 34464], Artüz & Kubanç 2015:319 [ref. 36541], Psomadakis et al. 2015:215 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:104 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:321 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[21] 259 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:179 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:82 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:126 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:200 [ref. 36495], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Eagderi et al. 2019:46 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:125 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 15 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:416 [ref. 37272], Golani 2021:48 [ref. 38303], Zajonz et al. 2022:106 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Alepes djedaba (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:31 [ref. 30182], Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Smith-Vaniz 2022:33 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Valid as Alepes djedaba (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; eastern Mediterranean Sea and Sea of Marmara (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

dominicensis, Vomer Guichenot [A.] 1866:40 [Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département de Maine-et-Loire v. 8; ref. 15731] Dominican Republic. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:31, 32 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Current status: Synonym of Selene brownii (Cuvier 1816). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dorsalis, Carangoides Gill [T. N.] 1863:166 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] Western coast of Central America. Syntypes: USNM 4957 (2). Type catalog: Smith 2018:72 [ref. 36061]. •Synonym of [the later] Carangoides otrynter (Jordan & Gilbert 1883) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:286 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Caranx otrynter Jordan & Gilbert 1883 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:958 [ref. 22829]). •Synonym of Paraselene otrynter (Jordan & Gilbert 1883). •Valid as Euprepocaranx dorsalis (Gill 1863) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:24 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Euprepocaranx dorsalis (Gill 1863). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: from Baja California to northern Ecuador. Habitat: marine.

dorsalis, Halatractus Gill [T. N.] 1863:84 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1679] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 2511. •Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2740 [ref. 24833], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:650 [ref. 25968], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2502 [ref. 34618] dated 1864). •Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833, but a valid subspecies -- (Peden & Jamieson 1988:492 [ref. 12864], McAllister 1990:147 [ref. 14674], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:372 [ref. 24023], Thomson et al. 2000:288 [ref. 25640], Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446]). •Valid as Seriola dorsalis (Gill 1863) -- (Pequeño 1989:61 [ref. 14125], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:288 [ref. 24555], Martinez-Takeshita et al. 2015:366 [ref. 33834], Burton & Lea 2019:76 [ref. 37205], Love et al. 2021:155 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Seriola dorsalis (Gill 1863). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: northern British Columbia (Canada) south to central Mexico, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: brackish, marine.

dorsalis, Vomer Gill [T. N.] 1863:436 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14 (no. 9 [2nd]); ref. 1669] St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands. Holotype: BMNH 1855.8.16.86. •Synonym of Vomer setapinnis (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:384 [ref. 7198]). •Valid as Selene dorsalis (Gill 1863) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:835 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz 1986:656 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:318 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:745 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:675 [ref. 21590], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:158 [ref. 25472], Afonso et al. 1999:74 [ref. 25466], Castro-Hernández 2001:333 [ref. 26421], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1457 [ref. 27083], Wirtz et al. 2007:33 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2496 [ref. 34618], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509], Carneiro et al. 2019:254 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:198 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39014], Tiralongo & Azzurro in Tsagarakis et al. 2021:631 [ref. 38798], Fermon et al. 2022:239 [ref. 39448], Kimura et al. 2022:25 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Selene dorsalis (Gill 1863). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southwestern Mediterranean Sea: eastern Strait of Gibraltar; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to South Africa, including Madeira, Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

drepanis, Trachinotus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:429 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Seychelles. Syntypes: MNHN A-0574 (3). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:28 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

dubia, Seriola Lowe [R. T.] 1839:80 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:380 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

dubia, Seriola Poey [F.] 1860:228 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. •Synonym of Seriola zonata (Mitchill 1815). Current status: Synonym of Seriola zonata (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

ductor, Gasterosteus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:295 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Pelagic, Ocean. Syntypes: NRM 45 (3). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:243-244 [ref. 20707]. See Opinion 1799. Based on Scomber ductor of Osbeck 1755 ('iter. 73) and Hasselquist 1757:366 [ref. 20181], plus syntypes in NRM collection. •Valid as Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:377 [ref. 7198], Kyushin et al. 1977:282 [ref. 19756], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:208 [ref. 9277], Dor 1984:129 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:153 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:832 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:162 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:653 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Scott & Scott 1988:378 [ref. 25518], Matarese et al. 1989:484 [ref. 26885], Paxton et al. 1989:581 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:61 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], McAllister 1990:146 [ref. 14674], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644], Randall et al. 1990:164 [ref. 15987], Cervigón 1992:289 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:82 [ref. 24474], Baranes & Golani 1993:308 [ref. 22372], Kuiter 1993:171 [ref. 23929], Allen & Robertson 1994:127 [ref. 22193], Gomon et al. 1994:582 [ref. 22532], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Andrew et al. 1995:21 [ref. 38009], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:969 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:184 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:91 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:366 [ref. 24023], Santos et al. 1997:86 [ref. 23531], Carpenter et al. 1997:163 [ref. 23922], Arruda 1997:84 [ref. 24952], Randall et al. 1997:164 [ref. 25919], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:287 [ref. 24555], Lin & Shao 1999:62 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:141 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:253 [ref. 24106], Porteiro et al. 1999:42 [ref. 24203], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2727 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:241 [ref. 25013], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:792 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:85 [ref. 26753], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:417 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:792 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 605 [ref. 26218], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1450 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Parin 2003:S7 [ref. 28536], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:309 [ref. 28072], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Golani 2005:40 [ref. 37112], Love et al. 2005:118 [ref. 37547], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:287 [ref. 28815], Mundy 2005:370 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1161 [ref. 28997], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:92 [ref. 30517], Smith-Vaniz 2008:576 [ref. 30654], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30213], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33932], Parin et al. 2014:362 [ref. 33547], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Psomadakis et al. 2015:226 [ref. 34104], Smith-Vaniz 2015:1254 [ref. 34200], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2492 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:38 [ref. 35333], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Kells et al. 2016:236 [ref. 35888], Ali et al. 2018:323 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:185 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Brown et al. 2019:168 [ref. 36444], Burton & Lea 2019:75 [ref. 37205], Carneiro et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Eagderi et al. 2019:51 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:147 [ref. 36673], Iglésias et al. 2019:281 [ref. 37098], Reiner 2019:197 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:61 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:429 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:64 [ref. 37637], Ali-Basha et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38554], Bañón & Maño 2021:83 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:50 [ref. 38303], Iglésias et al. 2021:176 [ref. 38818], Kovačić et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:154 [ref. 39279], Fermon et al. 2022:239 [ref. 39448], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:8 [ref. 39607], Smith-Vaniz 2022:55 [ref. 39876], Carvalho-Filho 2023:141 [ref. 40480], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:209 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; Red Sea; Persian Gulf; South China Sea; East China Sea; Sea of Japan; Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.

ductor, Scomber Hasselquist [F.] 1762:410 [Reise nach Palästina; ref. 18250] Yvica [Ibiza], Baleares Islands, Spain, Mediterranean Sea. Not available, published in a rejected work (ICZN Opinion 57). Also not an independent species description, but same as Gasterosteus ductor Linnaeus 1758. Based on Hasselquist 1757:366 [ref. 30181], also a rejected work (ICZN Opinion 57). •In the synonymy of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae.

dumerili, Caranx Risso [A.] 1810:175, Pl. 6 (fig. 20) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0868 (dry, poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1945:377 [ref. 21554], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:10-11 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:379 [ref. 7198], Dor 1984:133 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:153 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:495, 681 [ref. 8056], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:837 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:163 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:657 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Scott & Scott 1988:380 [ref. 25518], Paxton et al. 1989:584 [ref. 12442], McAllister 1990:147 [ref. 14674], Randall et al. 1990:166 [ref. 15987], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:747 [ref. 18644], Boschung 1992:133 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:292 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:95 [ref. 24474], Kuiter 1993:172 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:35 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:186 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:454 [ref. 27969], Murdy et al. 1997:170 [ref. 23144], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:68 [ref. 26476], Cheng & Zhou 1997:274 [ref. 26385], Santos et al. 1997:86 [ref. 23531], Carpenter et al. 1997:165 [ref. 23922], Arruda 1997:84 [ref. 24952], Randall et al. 1997:166 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:63 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:142 [ref. 23965], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2738 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:244 [ref. 25013], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:793 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Shimizu 2001:29 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Liu 2001:289 [ref. 25887], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:85 [ref. 26753], Randall et al. 2002:157 [ref. 26192], Choi et al. 2003:326, 606 [ref. 26218], O'Toole 2002:617 [ref. 26411], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1459 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:312 [ref. 28072], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Golani 2005:40 [ref. 37112], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:295 [ref. 28815], Mundy 2005:372 [ref. 28379], Randall 2005:236 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1167 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:238 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:45 [ref. 36649], Motomura et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:49 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33516], Parin et al. 2014:362 [ref. 33547], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Francis & Duffy 2015:483 [ref. 36161], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Psomadakis et al. 2015:228 [ref. 34104], Smith-Vaniz 2015:1256 [ref. 34200], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2499 [ref. 34618], Koeda et al. 2016:38 [ref. 35333], Stuart-Smith et al. 2016:[1] [ref. 35393], Fricke et al. 2018:187 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:86 [ref. 36273], Muto in Kimura et al. 2018:137 [ref. 36460], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:254 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:52 [ref. 37020], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Fricke et al. 2019:148 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Reiner 2019:200 [ref. 38139], Zajonz et al. 2019:76 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:62 [ref. 37515], Kim et al. 2020:127 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Sonoyama et al. 2020:65 [ref. 37637], Bañón & Maño 2021:83 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:50 [ref. 38303], Kim et al. 2021:150 [ref. 39117], Kovačić et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39014], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:357 [ref. 38945], Quigley 2021:195 [ref. 38176], Rajeesh et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38866], Fermon et al. 2022:240 [ref. 39448], Gus'kov et al. 2022:71 [ref. 39564], Simian et al. 2022:376 [ref. 40776], Smith-Vaniz 2022:60 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:124 [ref. 40522], Carvalho-Filho 2023:146 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Black Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sea of Japan), except not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

dussumieri, Seriola Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:217 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Bay of Bengal. Syntypes: MNHN A-6646 (3). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:26 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

ecclipsifer, Caranx De Vis [C. W.] 1884:541 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 3); ref. 4899] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.375 (destroyed in 1909), QM (apparently lost). •Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:580 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:1159 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ectenurus, Chloroscombrus Jordan [D. S.] & Osgood [C. M.] in Jordan & Rutter 1897:101 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 49; ref. 10644] Jamaica. Syntypes: CAS-SU 406 (4), 4863 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:75 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:314 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:736 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

edentulus, Caranx Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:327, Pl. 11 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Percy Islands [Northumberland Islands], Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.16297-001 [ex MAMU F349] (4). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. Appeared as a new species in Jouan 1878:333 [ref. 18364] but not new there. •Synonym of Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:580 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:40 [ref. 20141], Hoese & Gates 2006:1160 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ekala, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:117 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Visakhaparnam And Mumbai, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-6116 (1) Malabar; Mumbai specimen not found. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz 2022:46 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

elacate, Carangus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:177 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50638. •Valid as Caranx elacate (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:254 [ref. 19756]). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2716 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

elongatus, Caranx Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:458 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZIN 2641 (2), ZMB 8006 (1). •Young of Caranx sp. -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757]). •See Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356]. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

emburyi, Turrum Whitley [G. P.] 1932:337, Pl. 38 (fig. 4) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 18 (no. 6); ref. 4674] North-west Islet, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:125 [ref. 29757], Paxton et al. 1989:575 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:24 [ref. 20141], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2700 [ref. 24833], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:332 [ref. 28867], Hoese & Gates 2006:1153 [ref. 28997]). •Synonym of Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:30 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

eminens, Carangops Poey [F.] 2000:369, Pl. 246 (fig. 4) [Ictiologia Cubana. Posthumous transcription of original unpublished manuscript (1884) by M. Sánchez Roig and F. Gómez de la Maza v. 1-3; ref. 26366] whereabouts unknown. Carangops no. 709 of Poey 1875 [ref. 3509]. Not available; not explicitly proposed as new [see Art. 16.1 of the Code]. Posthumous publication. Figured specimen listed as type. Carangidae: Caranginae.

equula, Caranx Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1844:111, Pl. 60 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Ōmura Bay, Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan, Western North Pacific. Lectotype: RMNH 1311. Paralectotypes: RMNH D2185 (1, stuffed), 26971 [ex 1311] (6). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:101 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Caranx equula Temminck & Schlegel 1844 -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:266 [ref. 26385], with year as 1842). •Valid as Carangoides equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:206 [ref. 19754], Smith-Vaniz 1986:644 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:575 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], Randall et al. 1990:158 [ref. 15987], Baranes & Golani 1993:307 [ref. 22372], Randall 1995:177 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:427 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:62 [ref. 26476] dated 1842, Randall et al. 1997:158 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:52 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2698 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Shimizu 2001:30 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Mundy 2005:364 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1152 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:227 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Larson et al. 2013:119 [ref. 32988], Parin et al. 2014:360 [ref. 33547], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35534], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:106 [ref. 36262], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:420 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:40 [ref. 39876]). •Valid as Kaiwarinus equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:493, 680 [ref. 8056], Gunn 1990:20 [ref. 20141], Nakabo 2000:804 [ref. 25086], Shinohara et al. 2001:324 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:804 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 605 [ref. 26218], Shinohara et al. 2005:433 [ref. 28370], Sonoyama et al. 2020:63 [ref. 37637], Dewa et al. 2022:17 [ref. 40001], Kimura et al. 2022:7 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Kaiwarinus equula (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: South Africa; Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) and Persian Gulf east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Easter Island (Chile), north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan) and Kagoshima Prefecture (Pacific coast of Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

erythrurus, Caranx Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:58, 68 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Caroline [South Carolina, U.S.A.], Tahiti [Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific]. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:50 [ref. 12247]. Unnecessary replacement name for Scomber hippos Linnaeus 1766; also based on additional [misidentified] source (Forster manuscript). Spelled erithrurus on p. 68. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:397, 416 (vol. 7) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

esculentus, Carangus Girard [C. F.] 1859:23, Pl. 11 (figs. 1-3) [United States and Mexican boundary survey, under the order of Lieut. Col. W. H. Emory, Major First Cavalry and United States commissioner. v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 13405] Appeared first, as name only, in Girard 1858:168 [ref. 1813]. Apparently a replacement name for Scomber carangus Bloch to avoid "Strickland tautonymy" when Girard provided the new genus name Carangus. Girard's name is an unneeded replacement name. Girard's specimens are at the USNM as USNM 708-709 (10, 1), and 715 (1). •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:292 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

europaeus, Trachurus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:125 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Europe. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.95 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434], Hureau & Tortonese 1973:381 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:753 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

evermanni, Carangoides gymnosthethoides Nichols [J. T.] 1921:2, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 3; ref. 15320] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: AMNH 7432. Paratypes: AMNH 7431 (1). •Synonym of Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2706 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:365 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Ferdauia orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:43 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Ferdauia orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

excusabilis, Naucratopsis McCulloch [A. R.] & Whitley [G. P.] in McCulloch 1929-30:183 [Memoirs of the Australian Museum, Sydney Memoir 5; ref. 2948] Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Syntypes: (3, stuffed, 2 missing) BMNH 1846.10.22.30 (1). Replacement name for Seriola gigas Günther 1860, preoccupied by Seriola gigas Poey 1860. •Synonym of Seriola hippos Günther 1876 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:584 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:1167 [ref. 28997]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Seriola hippos Günther 1876. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

exoleta, Lichia Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:379 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Ehrenberg combination cited in passing under Chorinemus exoletus Cuvier; from the Red Sea. •In the synonymy of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801. Carangidae: Scomberoidinae.

exoletus, Chorinemus Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:379 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Luhaiya, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:38 [ref. 12247]. Based on a drawing. •Synonym of Scomberoides commersonianus Lacepède 1801 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:194 [ref. 7106], Dor 1984:130 [ref. 29757], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:316 [ref. 6207]). •Synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801-- (Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801. Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

falcata, Seriola Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:210 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Puerto Rico. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-0781. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:26-27 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:380 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:839 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Kim et al. 1997:245 [ref. 25735], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2741 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:245 [ref. 25013], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2503 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

falcatus, Caranx Holbrook [J. E.] 1855:92, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [Ichthyology of South Carolina; ref. 2184] Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. Also appeared in second edition, 1860:94, Pl. 10 (fig. 2). •Synonym of Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

falcatus, Labrus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:284 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America. No types known. •Valid as Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:164 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:134 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:294 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:105 [ref. 24474], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:152 [ref. 22947], González Bencomo et al. 1997:158 [ref. 24960], Murdy et al. 1997:174 [ref. 23144], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:246 [ref. 25013], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:278 [ref. 24550], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:399 [ref. 24427], Keith et al. 2000:106 [ref. 24547], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1465 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:300 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:49 [ref. 33341], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:76 [ref. 38844], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:361 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Angulo et al. 2023:47 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:148 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015); Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

falcatus, Scomber Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:57, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Syntypes: NRM 16675 (1, dry); ZMUC P46443-45 (2, dry skins). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:62 [ref. 9588]. Not available, as not intended as a species separate from Linnaeus 1758, but a misidentification (see Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182]). Authorship according to Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182]. Subsequent usage by Bonnaterre 1788:142 [ref. 4940] and other authors also is not available. •In the synonymy Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Dor 1984:131 [ref. 29757], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:320 [ref. 6207], Hoese & Gates 2006:1169 [ref. 28997], Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Trachinotinae.

falciger, Trachinotus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:428 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Malabar coast, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6377 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:28 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fallax, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:95 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Trinidad Island, West Indies. Lectotype: MNHN A-0539. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-0700 (1), A-6056 (1), A-6067 (1), A-6136 (1, dry). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11 [ref. 12247]. Lectotype selected by Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fallax, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Guérin-Méneville 1828:no page number, Livraison 13 [Planches de Seba v. 3; ref. 29508] No types known. Text applies to Pl. 27 (no. 3) published in 1827. •Predates Caranx fallax Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833, but cannot be regarded as a junior synonym -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:399 [ref. 29507]). •Senior synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:401 [ref. 29507] invoking reversal of precedence). •Valid as Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 as a nomen protectum over Caranx fallax Cuvier 1828 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:401 [ref. 29507]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fallax, Trachurus de Brito Capello [F.] 1867:310 [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 17967] Portugal. No types known. Also in French in de Brito Capello 1868:318 [ref. 17965]. •Synonym of Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:382 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:753 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich 1825). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

fanfarus, Naucrates Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:44, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also as fanfar. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:19 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:378 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644], Parenti 2019:103 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

farkharii, Chorinemus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:388 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Malacca, Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:38 [ref. 12247]. Based on a painting. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Blepharis Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:129, Pl. 33 (fig. 2) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 429 (2). •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Dor 1984:122 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644], Golani & Fricke 2018:82 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:70 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] East coast of Mexico. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:37 [ref. 12247]. Based on a drawing. •In the synonymy of Seriola fasciata (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Seriola fasciata (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Decapterus Bleeker [P.] 1872:151 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] China. Based on a painting, no types known. •Questionably a synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fasciatus, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:73, Pl. 341 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] North America [?]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1610. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:54-55 [ref. 24282]. On p. 61 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Seriola fasciata (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:838 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:163 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:747 [ref. 18644], Boschung 1992:133 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:292 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:97 [ref. 24474], Massutí & Stefanescu 1993:143 [ref. 36594], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:245 [ref. 25013], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1460 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Bunkley-Williams & Williams 2004:110 [ref. 27795], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:296 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Bañón & Mucientes 2009:247 [ref. 30593], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2501 [ref. 34618], Brown et al. 2019:168 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:255 [ref. 37250], Doğdu et al. 2019:55 [ref. 36835], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:62 [ref. 37515], Akyol & Ünal 2021:218 [ref. 38959], Bañón & Maño 2021:83 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:50 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39014], Moral-Flores et al. 2022:[2] [ref. 39505], Carvalho-Filho 2023:147 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Seriola fasciata (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Caribbean Sea (Mexico, Cuba); southern-central Atlantic: Saint Helena; Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: including Azores and Madeira. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Trachurus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:21, 53 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Seriola by Scomber fasciatus Bloch 1793. •Synonym of Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:747 [ref. 18644], Parenti 2019:104 [ref. 37117]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Trachynotus Gill [T. N.] 1863:86 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1679] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM. •Synonym of Trachinotus rhodopus Gill 1863. Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus rhodopus Gill 1863. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: marine.

ferdau, Scomber Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:55, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Forsskål specimens: ZMUC P46442 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:63 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. Label that says Holotype: ZMUC P46442 in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:22, Pl. 27 [ref. 20847] is not this species (Smith 1968:173 [ref. 7919]). Authorship according to Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. Misspelled ferdan by Weber 1913:399 [ref. 4602]. •Valid as Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:266 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:203 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:125 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:644 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:575 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:159 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:23 [ref. 20141], Kuiter 1993:175 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:178 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:428 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:158 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:62 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:160 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:159 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:52 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:137 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:245 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2699 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:14 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:806 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:227 [ref. 25191], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:186 [ref. 25703], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:806 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:75 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:301 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:224 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:364 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1152 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:227 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:119 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:430 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:81 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:218 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:108 [ref. 35490], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:10 [ref. 35534], Ali et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:181 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Suresh et al. 2018:201 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:48 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:145 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:420 [ref. 37272], Nomura et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38488], Smith-Vaniz 2022:40 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:109 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Carangoides ferdau (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]). •Valid as Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:40 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to Kyoto Prefecture (central Japan), south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

filamentosus, Platysomus (Argyriosus) Swainson [W.] 1839:250, 460, Pl. 255 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Cuv. pl. 255 -- which is Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:Pl. 255 [ref. 1002]. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

filamentosus, Scomber Park [M.] 1797:36 [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London v. 3 (art. 9); ref. 17801] Habitat in Sumatræ littore [Bengkulu Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, eastern Indian Ocean]. Syntypes: BMNH 1863.11.12.18 (dry, right half skin), 1863.11.12.26 (dry, left half skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1974:472 [ref. 31545]. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Wheeler 1974:472 [ref. 31545]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

filigera, Caranx Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:369 [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities; ref. 13269] Not available, name only; from Queensland, Australia. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

fischeri, Caranx Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Carpenter [K. E.] 2007:214, Figs. 1A, 4-7, 8A-C [Fishery Bulletin v. 105 (no. 2); ref. 29160] Douala, Cameroon. Holotype: ANSP 140256. Paratypes: (128) ANSP; BMNH 1899.2.20.3, 1938.12.15.48, 1899.11.27.87, 1939.7.12.12, 1927.12.7.49, 1956.9.6.68, 1936.12.29.7, 1928.8.3.14, 1896.5.5.14, 1930.8.26.49-50 (2), 1968.11.15.31-32 (2); CAS, IRSNB, ISH, MNHN, MRAC, SU, UF, USNM, ZMH, ZMUC. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Caranx fischeri Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007 -- (Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2475 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:190 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Caranx fischeri Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe; southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island. Habitat: brackish, marine.

flava, Caranx fulvoguttatus var. Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:460 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. •Synonym of Carangoides bajad (Forsskål 1775) -- (Bogorodsky et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35534], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273]). •Synonym of Flavocaranx bajad (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Flavocaranx bajad (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

flavocoeruleus, Caranx Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1844:110, Pl. 59 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D933 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D929-932 (4, stuffed), 1319 (2). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:100 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

flexuosus, Scomber Lichtenstein [M. H. C.] 1823:117 [Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universität zu Berlin, nebst Beschreibung...; ref. 17525] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Try ZMB for type(s). •Synonym of Lichia amia (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:740 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Lichia amia (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

foncki, Seriola Delfin [F. T.] 1903:222, Fig. 3 [Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (Santiago) v. 7; ref. 15025] Juan Fernández Islands. Syntypes: (3). •Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

formosanus, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1908:38, Pl. 52 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 2521] Kaohsiung [Takao], Taiwan. Holotype: FMNH 55364 [ex CM 412]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7283 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:90 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:75 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:20 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:45 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2695 [ref. 24833]. •Synonym of Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell 1830) -- Ho & Shao 2011:45 [ref. 31432]). •Synonym of Turrum coeruleopinnatum (Rüppell 1830). Current status: Synonym of Turrum coeruleopinnatum (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

formosanus, Scomberoides Wakiya [Y.] 1924:236, Pl. 38 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Kii, Japanese seas. Holotype: FMNH 59499 [ex CM 7765]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:90 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:78 [ref. 12367]. Junior primary homonym of Scomberoides formosanus Wakiya 1924. •Synonym of Scomberoides tol (Cuvier 1832) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:209 [ref. 7106], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:318 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:336 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides tol (Cuvier 1832). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

formosanus, Scomberoides Oshima [M.] 1924:1572 [Proceedings of the Pan-Pacific Science Congress / Pacific Science Association v. 2 ( for 1923); ref. 15604] Keelung, Taiwan. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:45 [ref. 31432]. Genus misspelled Scomeroides two of three times in original. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Scomberoides formosanus Wakiya 1924 (Mar.), replaced by Scomberoides oshimae Whitley 1951. •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål 1775) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:205 [ref. 7106], Ho & Shao 2011:45 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2013:336 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

forsteri, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:107 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Lectotype: MNHN A-0563. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-6058 (2) Malabar, A-6059 (1) New Guinea, A-6060 (2) Sulawesi, 0739 (3) Vanicolo. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11 [ref. 12247]. Lectotype selected by Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11-12 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Fricke 1999:249 [ref. 24106], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

forsteri, Scomber Schneider [J. G.] & Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:26 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Pacific. No types known. Description taken from Forster manuscript (reproduced as Scomber maculatus in Lichtenstein 1844:195-196 [ref. 17531]). •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål 1775) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:205 [ref. 7106], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:317 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989] with authorship as Schneider & Forster). •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

freeri, Caranx Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.] 1907:63, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 607) (for 1906); ref. 1285] San Fabian, Pangasinan, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 55913. •Synonym of Selar boops (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Selar boops (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

frontalis, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:222 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 17348. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:187 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

fuerthii, Caranx Steindachner [F.] 1876:562 [12] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 18772] Panama. Syntypes: (several) NMW 22843 (3). On p. 12 of separate. Species originally spelled fürthii. •Synonym of Hemicaranx leucurus (Günther 1864). Current status: Synonym of Hemicaranx leucurus (Günther 1864). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fulvoguttatus, Scomber Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:56, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] No locality stated (Red Sea). No types known. Originally fulvo-guttatus. Neotype selection by Fricke 1999:246 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:268 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:202 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:125 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:644 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:575 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:159 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:24 [ref. 20141], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:178 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:159 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:162 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:159 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:52 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:138 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:245 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2700 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:806 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:228 [ref. 25191], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:806 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:302 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:224 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1153 [ref. 28997], Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:431 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:119 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:219 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:108 [ref. 35490], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:11 [ref. 35534], Ali et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:181 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:83 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:48 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:145 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Bogorodsky et al. 2020:519 [ref. 38001], Psomadakis et al. 2020:420 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:41 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:110 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:28 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Palau, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), northern New South Wales (Australia) and New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

funereus, Caranx Curtiss [A.] 1938:74 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Open sea, off Fenua ino Island, Tautira township, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Unidentifiable. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

furnestini, Suareus Dardignac [J.] & Vincent [A.] in Furnestin, Dardogmac, Vincent, Coupé & Boutière 1958:445, Fig. 49 [Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 1517] Morocco. Holotype (unique): ISTPM (apparently lost). •Valid as Saureus furnestini Dardogmac & Vincent 1958 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:381 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner 1868) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:841 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:752 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2509 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner 1868). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fuscus, Trachinotus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:410 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN A-5505 (1, dry), A-6849 (1), A-6850 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:28 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fusus, Caranx Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.] 1817:no page number, Pl. 24 (figs. 3-4) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4184] Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5857. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:12 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:823 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:83 [ref. 26753], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1439 [ref. 27083], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2475 [ref. 34618], Carvalho-Filho 2023:138 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gabonensis, Vomer Guichenot [A.] 1866:37 [Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département de Maine-et-Loire v. 8; ref. 15731] Gabon. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2928. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:32 [ref. 12247] dated to Guichenot 1866. Appeared first as name only in Guichenot in Duméril 1858:262 [ref. 1149]. •Synonym of Vomer setapinnis (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:384 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Selene dorsalis (Gill 1863) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:318 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:745 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Selene dorsalis (Gill 1863). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gaess, Caranx Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:59, 75 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] No locality stated [Red Sea]. An unneeded replacement name for and objective synonym of Scomber fulvoguttatus. Spelled gaezz on p. 59, gaess on p. 75. gaezz considered a misspelling; gaess based on cited common name. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:400 (vol. 7), 15 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473] with spelling gaezz on p. 400 and gaess on p. 15. •Synonym of Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]). •Synonym of Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Turrum fulvoguttatum (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

galemfish, Sciaena Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr 1775:53 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] See account of Sciaena armata. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. •Synonym of Carangoides armatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]). •Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Atropus armatus (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae.

gallichthys, Carangoides Bleeker [P.] 1851:68 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 5); ref. 332] Jakarta, Semarang, Pasuruan, and Banjuwangi, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 26962. Paralectotypes: (40) ?NMV A888 (1), RMNH 6118 (some of 24), SMNS 10578 (1). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:10 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:23 [ref. 29864]. Based on literature and specimens. Lectotype designation by Fricke 1901:10. •Synonym of Alectis indica (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Scyris indica Rüppell 1830. Current status: Synonym of Scyris indica Rüppell 1830. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gallichthys, Platysomus (Blepharis) Swainson [W.] 1839:250 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Cuv. pl. 254 -- which is Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:Pl. 254 [ref. 1002]. •Evidently an unneeded new name for Blepharis major Cuvier 1833, as Gallichthys major on Pl. 254. If so, it is a synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

gallus, Zeus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:267 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America. No types known. Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:196 [ref. 1841], Wheeler 1985:56 [ref. 20705]. Based on more than one source. •An unused senior synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787), nomen oblitum -- (Kimura et al. 2022:21 [ref. 38998]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

geometricus, Zeus Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:245 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 4) (art. 1); ref. 17774] Long Island, New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1986:426 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

georgianus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:85 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] King George Sound, Western Australia. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5854 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:12 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:833 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz 1986:654 [ref. 5718], Paxton et al. 1989:582 [ref. 12442], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644], Gomon et al. 1994:585 [ref. 22532], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2730 [ref. 24833], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:332 [ref. 28867], Hoese & Gates 2006:1163 [ref. 28997]). •Valid as Caranx georgianus Cuvier 1833 -- (Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Meléndez C. & Cornejo C. 2001:69 [ref. 26163]). •Valid as Pseudocaranx georgianus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2006:101 [ref. 28900], Smith-Vaniz 2008:577 [ref. 30654], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Smith-Vaniz 2015:1255 [ref. 34200], Bearham et al. 2019:[B] [ref. 36963], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocaranx georgianus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific: Perth (Western Australia) and Newcastle (New South Wales, Australia) southward, south to northern Tasmania (Australia); New Zealand. Habitat: marine.

gervaisi, Carang Castelnau [F. L.] 1875:18 [Official Record, containing Introduction, Catalogues, Official Awards of the Commissioners, Report and Recommendations of the Experts, and Essays and Statistics on the Social and Economic Resources of the Colony of Victoria.; ref. 768] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:37 [ref. 12247]. The original genus is correctly Caranx. •Synonym of Selar boops (Cuvier 1833) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:583 [ref. 12442], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644], Gunn 1990:47 [ref. 20141], Hoese & Gates 2006:1165 [ref. 28997]). Current status: Synonym of Selar boops (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

gibber, Carangoides Fowler [H. W.] 1904:512, Pl. 15 (upper left fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 27517. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:33 [ref. 13621]. •Questionably a synonym of Carangoides talamparoides Bleeker 1852 -- (W. Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm.). •Questionably a synonym of Platycaranx talamparoides (Bleeker 1852). Current status: Uncertain as Platycaranx talamparoides (Bleeker 1852). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

gibbiceps, Selene Gilchrist [J. D. F.] 1914:130, Fig. [Marine biological report: for the year ended ... and for the half year ending ...; to be presented to the Provincial Council; Union of South Africa, Province of the Cape of Good Hope. No. 2 (VII); ref. 15094] Walvis Bay, South Africa. Holotype (unique): SAM 13725. •Synonym of Selene dorsalis (Gill 1863) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:656 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:745 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2496 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Selene dorsalis (Gill 1863). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gigas, Seriola Günther [A.] 1860:466 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Syntypes: BMNH 1841.2.15.71-72 (2, stuffed), 1846.10.22.30 (stuffed, right half skin). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Seriola gigas Poey 1860, replaced by Naucratopsis excusabilis McCulloch & Whitley 1929-30. •Synonym of Seriola hippos Günther 1876 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:584 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:1167 [ref. 28997]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Seriola hippos Günther 1876. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gigas, Seriola Poey [F.] 1860:227 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:747 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

gilberti, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:234, Fig. 29 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Pago Pago, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51729. •Synonym of Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall 1995:178 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2699 [ref. 24833], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:332 [ref. 28867]). •Synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ginal, Caranx Montrouzier [X.] 1857:453 [175] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 175 of reprint. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

girardi, Caranx Steindachner [F.] 1870:314 [25] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 60 (1. Abth.); ref. 4217] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 689. On p. 25 of separate. Replacement name for Trachurus boops Girard 1858, secondarily preoccupied in Caranx by Caranx boops Cuvier 1833. •Synonym of Caranx caballus Günther 1868 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:953 [ref. 22829], Randall & Carlson 1999:358 [ref. 25808]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx caballus Günther 1868. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

glabra, Alepes Fowler [H. W.] 1904:507, Pl. 12 (lower fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 27502. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:33 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Alepes vari (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2690 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Alepes vari (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

glaucoides, Trachynotus Günther [A.] 1864:150 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 1) (art. 3) (for 22 Mar. 1864); ref. 13930] San José, Guatemala. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.1.26.323. •Synonym of Trachinotus rhodopus Gill 1863. Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus rhodopus Gill 1863. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: marine.

glaucus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1787:102, Pl. 210 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] America [Martinique Island, West Indies]. On p. 76 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 6 [ref. 21381]. Based on a drawing by Plumier. •Valid as Trachinotus glaucus (Bloch 1787) -- (López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565]). •Synonym of Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann 1896 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:246 [ref. 25013], Smith-Vaniz pers. comm. 7/26/09). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann 1896. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

glaucus, Gasterosteus Forster [J. R.] 1795:15 [Zoologia Indica, sistens descriptiones animalium selectorum; ref. 18091] No types known. India. Name only. Based on Chaetodon glaucus Bloch, 1787. •Synonym of Trachinotus glacus (Bloch 1787). •Synonym of Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann 1896 based on placement of Chaetodon glaucus. Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann 1896. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: marine.

glaucus, Scomber Linnaeus [C.] 1758:298 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Ascension Island, Atlantic. Holotype: NRM 4080. See Smith-Vaniz & Randall 1994 [ref. 21632] and Opinion 1841. •Synonym of Trachynotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:383 [ref. 7198], Golani 2005:40 [ref. 37112], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:45 [ref. 36649] as Lichia glauca, Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2507 [ref. 34618]). •Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

glaycos, Centronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:309, 315 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:38 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Campogramma glaycos (Lacepède 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:375 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:822 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:731 [ref. 18644], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:83 [ref. 26753], Dulĉić et al. 2003:877 [ref. 27137], Falcón et al. 2003:146 [ref. 39343], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], Carneiro et al. 2019:250 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Campogramma glaycos (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to Senegal, including Madeira. Habitat: marine.

goodei, Trachinotus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1896:943 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2443] Key West, Florida, U.S.A. Syntypes: CAS-SU 1455 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:75-76 [ref. 12291]. Based on specimen and literature. •Valid as Trachinotus goodei Jordan and Evermann 1896 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:165 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:134 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:295 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:108 [ref. 24474], Murdy et al. 1997:175 [ref. 23144], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:246 [ref. 25013], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2000:399 [ref. 24427], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1466 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:82 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:301 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Matamoros et al. 2009:18 [ref. 31241], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:49 [ref. 33341], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:149 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:43 [ref. 40710]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann 1896. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

goreensis, Hynnis Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:195, Pl. 257 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN A-0795 (1, dry), A-6854 (1), A-6855 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:23 [ref. 12247]. The genus Alectis is feminine, so the spelling alexandrina is correct. •Synonym of Alectis alexandrinus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:820 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:308 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:729 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2470 [ref. 34618]). •Synonym of Scyris alexandrina (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:378 [ref. 7198], Kimura et al. 2022:24 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Scyris alexandrina (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

goreensis, Trachinotus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:419 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6229 (2), 0000-6231 (2), A-6812 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:28 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Trachinotus goreensis Cuvier 1832 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:320 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:749 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:684 [ref. 21590], Afonso et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25466], Wirtz et al. 2007:33 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2505 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:201 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:240 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus goreensis Cuvier 1832. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

goreensis, Vomer Guichenot [A.] 1866:37 [Annales de la Société Linnéenne du Département de Maine-et-Loire v. 8; ref. 15731] Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2924 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:32 [ref. 12247]. Appeared first as name only in Guichenot in Duméril 1858:262 [ref. 1149] •Synonym of Vomer setapinnis (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:384 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Selene dorsalis (Gill 1863) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:318 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:745 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Selene dorsalis (Gill 1863). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gracharus, Scomber Hasselquist [F.] 1762:407 [Reise nach Palästina; ref. 18250] Smirna [Smyrna, Izmir], Turkey, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea. Not available, published in a rejected work (ICZN, Opinion 57). Original spelling 'gracharvs' due to historical typeset, equals 'gracharus'. Spelling error for 'trachurus'. Based on the Scomber trachurus of Hasselquist 1757:363 [ref. 30181], also a rejected work (ICZN Opinion 57). Walbaum 1792:212 listed Scomber gracharus of Hasselquist in the synonymy of Scomber trachurus Linnaeus 1758. •Unavailable species-group name -- (Collette 2003:21 [ref. 27312]). •In the synonymy of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae.

gracilis, Citula Ogilby [J. D.] 1915:75, Pl. 23 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 3; ref. 15005] Erub [= Darnley] Island, Queensland, Torres Strait, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.1499. •Synonym of Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:576 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:33 [ref. 20141], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2705 [ref. 24833], Hoese & Gates 2006:1154 [ref. 28997]). •Synonym of Carangichthys oblongus (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Carangichthys oblongus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

grandis, Seriola Castelnau [F. L.] 1872:115 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 1; ref. 757] Melbourne market, Victoria, Australia. Syntypes: MNHN A-5667 (1, dry). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:27 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:584 [ref. 12442], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Gomon et al. 1994:588 [ref. 22532], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:977 [ref. 22829], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2740 [ref. 24833], Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2502 [ref. 34618], Carvalho-Filho 2023:146 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

guara, Scomber Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:598, 604 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Brazil, South America [in error]. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:51 [ref. 12247]. Unnecessary replacement name for Scomber cordyla Linnaeus 1758. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:283, 292 (vol. 7) [ref. 30473]. See neotype desigation by Fricke 1999 under cordyle. •Synonym of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

guarapucu, Caranx Castelnau [F. L.] (ex Marcgrave) 1855:22 [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Bahia, Brazil. Based on Marcgrave 1648:179 [ref. 19651]. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

guaribira, Chorinemus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:393 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-5579 (dry). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:20 [ref. 12247]. •Questionably a synonym of Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier 1832) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:225 [ref. 7106]). •Synonym of Oligoplites saliens (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Oligoplites saliens (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

guptae, Caranx Chaudhuri [B. L.] 1909:141, Fig. 1 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 3 (pt 2) (art. 7); ref. 17990] Off Elephant Point, Bangladesh. Syntypes: ZSI F2165/1-2166/1 (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:144 [ref. 20743]. •Synonym of Uraspis uraspis (Günther 1860) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2756 [ref. 24833] as quptae). Current status: Synonym of Uraspis uraspis (Günther 1860). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

gymnostethoides, Carangoides Bleeker [P.] 1851:364 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6081. Also in Bleeker 1851:61 [ref. 332]. •Mention -- (Dor 1984:126 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Carangoides gymnostethoides Bleeker 1851 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:270 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:199 [ref. 19754], Gunn 1990:26 [ref. 20141], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Randall 1995:179 [ref. 22896], Mundy 2005:364 [ref. 28379], Fricke et al. 2018:181 [ref. 35805], Eagderi et al. 2019:48 [ref. 37020], Smith-Vaniz 2022:41 [ref. 39876]). •Synonym of Turrum gymnostethus (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Turrum gymnostethus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

gymnostethus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:73 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-5582. •Valid as Caranx gymnostethus Cuvier 1833 -- (Chen et al. 1997:63 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:645 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:575 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:159 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:178 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:428 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:159 [ref. 23922], Randall et al. 1997:159 [ref. 25919], Anderson et al. 1998:24 [ref. 23611], Lin & Shao 1999:52 [ref. 23921], Fricke 1999:246 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2701 [ref. 24833], Nakabo 2000:806 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:228 [ref. 25191], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:806 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:303 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:225 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:364 [ref. 28379], Randall et al. 2005:121 [ref. 28745], Hoese & Gates 2006:1153 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Allen & Erdmann 2012:431 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:119 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:219 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:108 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:181 [ref. 35805], Jawad et al. 2018:106 [ref. 36262], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:130 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:48 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:145 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Moore et al. 2020:110 [ref. 37357], Psomadakis et al. 2020:421 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:41 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:111 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Turrum gymnostethus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:28 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Turrum gymnostethus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

hainanensis, Chorinemus Chu [Y.-T.] & Cheng [W.-L.] 1958:317 (English p. 320), Fig. 2 [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 12058] Sanya; Kanchiun; Kwonghoi; and Chinglan, China. Holotype: Mar. Biol. Inst., Acad. Sinica. Paratypes: Mar. Biol. Inst. Acad. Sinica (7). •Synonym of Scomberoides tala (Cuvier 1832) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:199 [ref. 7106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2733 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides tala (Cuvier 1832). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: marine.

halli, Citula Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.] 1907:65, Fig. 5 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 607) (for 1906); ref. 1285] San Fabian, Pangasinan, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 55914. •Synonym of Parastromateus niger (Bloch 1795) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2729 [ref. 24833], Kimura et al. 2022:40 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Parastromateus niger (Bloch 1795). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hanoverianus, Caranx Curtiss [A.] 1938:71 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Unidentifiable. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

hasseltii, Selar Bleeker [P.] 1851:359 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Cheribon, Surabaya, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 26967 [ex RMNH 6078]. Paralectotypes: ?NMV A2074 (1); RMNH 6078 (now 6), 8344 (1); SMNS 10580 (1). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:10 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:24 [ref. 29864]. Also in Bleeker 1851:53 [ref. 332]. Lectotype selection not researched; not selected here or in Fricke 2005:24 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:309 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

heberi, Scomber Bennett [J. W.] 1830:unnum. p., Pl. 26 [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean. No types known. •Valid as Caranx heberi (Bennett 1830) [= C. sem Cuvier 1833] -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 1994:43-44 [ref. 21456], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:xii [ref. 21953], Randall 1995:180 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:160 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:247 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2711 [ref. 24833], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Khalaf & Krupp 2003:56 [ref. 31543], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:303 [ref. 28072], Motomura et al. 2007:224 [ref. 29492], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:120 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:433 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2015:221 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:111 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:423 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:46 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:112 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Caranx heberi (Bennett 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hedlandensis, Olistus Whitley [G. P.] 1934:156, Fig. 2 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 4681] Port Hedland, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.12957. •Valid as Carangoides hedlandensis (Whitley 1934) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:201 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:157 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:645 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:575 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:160 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:26 [ref. 20141], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:61 [ref. 26476], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Randall et al. 1997:160 [ref. 25919], Lin & Sho 1999:53 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2702 [ref. 24833], Nakabo 2000:807 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:186 [ref. 25703], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:807 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Randall 2005:225 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1153 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:119 [ref. 30425], Lim et al. 2010:315 [ref. 39446], Larson et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:117 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:219 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:108 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:145 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:421 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:62 [ref. 37637], Nomura et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38488], Smith-Vaniz 2022:41 [ref. 39876]). •Valid as Atropus hedlandensis (Whitley 1934) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:35 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Atropus hedlandensis (Whitley 1934). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Sea of Japan (southern Korea, Japan) and Kyoto Prefecture (central Japan), south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

heidi, Uraspis Fowler [H. W.] 1938:150 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 90; ref. 1427] Manasquan, Monmouth County, New Jersey, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 68453. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:33 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Uraspis secunda (Poey 1860) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:660 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:755 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2514 [ref. 34618]). •Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Current status: Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

helvolus, Scomber Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:35 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Ascension Island [eastern Atlantic]. Holotype: BMNH 1963.3.27.4. Based on description in manuscript by Forster (Johann Reinhold Forster, 1729-1798, German explorer and naturalist of Cook's second voyage). •Valid as Caranx helvolus (Forster 1801) -- (Chen et al. 1997:63 [ref. 26476]). •Valid as Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:208 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:132 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:754 [ref. 18644], Allen & Robertson 1994:129 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:106 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:35 [ref. 25356], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:986 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:190 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:459 [ref. 27969], Carpenter et al. 1997:168 [ref. 23922], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:91 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:379 [ref. 24023], Lin & Shao 1999:61 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:141 [ref. 23965], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2754 [ref. 24833], Nakabo 2000:803 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Savinykh & Shevtsov 2001:133 [ref. 25203], Shinohara et al. 2001:324 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:803 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 608 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Parin 2003:S8 [ref. 28536], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:119 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:373 [ref. 28379], Randall et al. 2005:122 [ref. 28745], Randall 2007:241 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Allen & Erdmann 2012:440 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:423 [ref. 33460], Wirtz et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33516], Parin et al. 2014:364 [ref. 33547], Psomadakis et al. 2015:231 [ref. 34104], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2513 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:350 [ref. 35888], Motomura et al. 2017:120 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:324 [ref. 36183], Golani & Fricke 2018:87 [ref. 36273], Brown et al. 2019:169 [ref. 36444], Eagderi et al. 2019:53 [ref. 37020], Bogorodsky et al. 2020:521 [ref. 38001], Kim et al. 2020:129 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:434 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:66 [ref. 37637], Love et al. 2021:156 [ref. 39279], Fermon et al. 2022:241 [ref. 39448] with question, Kimura et al. 2022:43 [ref. 38998], Moral-Flores et al. 2022:416 [ref. 39408], Smith-Vaniz 2022:67 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:130 [ref. 40522], Balisco et al. 2023:5 [ref. 39932], Carvalho-Filho 2023:150 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean Sea; Red Sea; Persian Gulf; Sea of Japan). Habitat: marine.

hemigymnostethus, Carangoides Bleeker [P.] 1851:364 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3) RMNH 6101 (1), ? RMNH 26969 [ex RMNH 6101] (1). Also in Bleeker 1851:61 [ref. 332]. See Kimura et al. 2022:43 [ref. 38998] on type specimen. •Synonym of Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål 1775) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2699 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:364 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:43 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

herklotsi, Leucoglossa Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1932:151 [Hong Kong Naturalist v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 10977] Market in Hong kong. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 27962. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:75 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Uraspis uraspis (Günther 1860) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2756 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Uraspis uraspis (Günther 1860). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

hesperius, Chloroscombrus Fowler [H. W.] 1906:114, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1372] Cape Palmas, Liberia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 11198. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:33 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:736 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

heteropygus, Caranx Poey [F.] 1861:344 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 17254. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:186 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

hippoides, Carangus Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:443, Fig. 15 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50710. Additional original material: [field nos. 750-751] (2). •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Mundy 2005:366 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hippos, Scomber Linnaeus [C.] (ex Garden) 1766:494 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.]. Syntype or holotype: LS 130 [Garden no. 16] (right half-skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:55 [ref. 20705]. Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:204 [ref. 1841]. Based on manuscript description and 1 specimen sent by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Valid as Caranx (Tricropterus) hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:33 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Herrera 1896:46 [ref. 39336] as hippus, Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Lee et al. 1980:749 [ref. 22416], Villa 1982:165 [ref. 36708], Fujii in Uyeno et al. 1983:332 [ref. 14275], Smith 1986:425 [ref. 22186], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:824 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:376 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:146 [ref. 14674], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:678 [ref. 21590], Boschung 1992:130 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:285 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:63 [ref. 24474], Murdy et al. 1997:165 [ref. 23144], Arruda 1997:82 [ref. 24952], González Bencomo et al. 1997:158 [ref. 24960], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:291 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:238 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Keith et al. 2000:90 [ref. 24547], Marín 2000:72 [ref. 26252], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:84 [ref. 26753], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:415 [ref. 26158], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808] as hyppos, Smith-Vaniz 2003:1440 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:277 [ref. 28815], Miller 2006:339 [ref. 28615], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160], Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Wirtz et al. 2007:11, 32 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:173 [ref. 32953], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516] needs verification, Fabiano et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33530], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2474 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:435 [ref. 35886], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509] as cf. hippos, Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:191 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:76 [ref. 38844], Kovačić et al. 2021:85 [ref. 39014], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:341 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:138 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Brunswick (Canada.) south to northern Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, with waifs reaching Nova Scotia (Canada); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island and Saint Helena Island; eastern Atlantic: Western Sahara south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2019): LC. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hippos, Seriola Günther [A.] 1876:392 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 43); ref. 2007] Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1876.5.1.1. •Valid as Seriola hippos Günther 1876 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:584 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], Kuiter 1993:173 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Gomon et al. 1994:586 [ref. 22532], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2739 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Gates 2006:1167 [ref. 28997], Smith-Vaniz 2008:579 [ref. 30654], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Smith-Vaniz 2015:1257 [ref. 34200], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Seriola hippos Günther 1876. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, southwestern Pacific. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hopkinsi, Hynnis Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] in Jordan 1895:435, Pl. 35 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Harbor at Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 11563. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:75 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644], McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

hullianus, Caranx McCulloch [A. R.] 1909:319, Pl. 91 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 14386] Freshwater Beach, near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.9261. •Synonym of Uraspis secunda (Poey 1860) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:587 [ref. 12442], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:754 [ref. 18644], Gunn 1990:54 [ref. 20141], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2755 [ref. 24833], Hoese & Gates 2006:1172 [ref. 28997]). •Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Current status: Synonym of Uraspis helvola (Forster 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

humerosus, Caranx McCulloch [A. R.] 1915:137, Pl. 25 [Biological Results Endeavour v. 3 (pt 3); ref. 2941] Off Bustart Head Light, southern Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS E.1436. Paratypes: AMS E.2662 (1), I.11107 (1), I.13539-43 (1 ea.); NMV R5963-64 (1, 1); SAMA F191 (2 or 1); ?TMH D138/13019 [old no. D100-101, ex AMS E.2821] (2); WAM P.258-001 (2). Type catalog: Andrews 1971:2 [ref. 31471], Glover 1976:172 [ref. 19449], Hutchins & Smith 1991:26 [ref. 19335], Andrews 1992:111 [ref. 22689], Moore et al. 2008:28 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Carangoides humerosus (McCulloch 1915) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:576 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:160 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:31 [ref. 20141], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:160 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:53 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2703 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Johnson 2001:733 [ref. 25471], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Gates 2006:1154 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Larson et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Carangichthys humerosus (McCulloch 1915) -- (Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:74 [ref. 27510], Kimura et al. 2022:46 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Carangichthys humerosus (McCulloch 1915). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

hyemalis, Caranx chrysophrys var. Richardson [J.] 1846:275 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] China Sea. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:212, Pl. 21b [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Platycaranx chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Platycaranx chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hypodus, Decapterus Gill [T. N.] 1862:262 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 4909] Baja California, Mexico. Syntypes: USNM 4005 (orig. 5, now 4). •Valid as Decapterus hypodus Gill 1862 -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:33 [ref. 39147]). •Synonym of Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:965 [ref. 22829], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2721 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ignobilis, Scomber Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:55, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMUC P46439-40 (2, dry skins, extremely poor condition). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:63 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. Originally Scomber ignobilis, kirm on p. 55, Scomber ignobilis on p. xii. Probably should be regarded as two names for the same taxon and requiring action of a first reviser. Types figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 26 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:260 [ref. 19756], Dor 1984:126 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:823 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:110 [ref. 23448], Kuiter 1993:174 [ref. 23929], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:291 [ref. 24014], Randall et al. 1994:227 [ref. 21645], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:180 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:432 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:63 [ref. 26476], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:160 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:158 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:138 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:247 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2712 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:802 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:229 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:106 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:205 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:802 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:76 [ref. 27510], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:30 [ref. 27712], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:304 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:227 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:366 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1156 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:228 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:121 [ref. 30425], Motomura et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:433 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:221 [ref. 34104], Clua et al. 2016:259 [ref. 34821], Koeda et al. 2016:36 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:111 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:131 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:424 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Nomura et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38488], Smith-Vaniz 2022:46 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:113 [ref. 40522], Jamandre 2023:162 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Korea and Kyoto Prefecture (central Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Wattamolla (New South Wales, Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa; eastern Pacific: Clipperton Atoll (France). Habitat: brackish, marine.

immaculatus, Caranx Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:73 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Red Sea. Not available, name mentioned in passing. •In the synonymy of Carangoides bajad (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:124 [ref. 29757], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35534]). •In the synonymy of Flavocaranx bajad (Fabricius 1775). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Flavocaranx bajad (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae.

imperialis, Trachurus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:42, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Palermo, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:20 [ref. 3595] as Trachiurus impirialis. •Synonym of Caranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644], Parenti 2019:104 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

impudicus, Caranx (Carangoides) Klunzinger [C. B.] 1884:99 [Die Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 2625] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 394. Based on Caranx talamparoides (non Bleeker 1852) of Klunzinger 1871:463 [ref. 2622]. •Synonym of Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Dor 1984:126 [ref. 29757], Bogorodsky et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35534], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273]). •Synonym of Platycaranx malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Current status: Synonym of Platycaranx malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

indica, Scyris Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:145, Pl. 252 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Puducherry, India; Java, Indonesia; Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Apparently independently described from Scyris indicus Rüppell 1830; preoccupied; objectively invalid. 1°Homonym. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Blepharis Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:154 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Molucca Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6841 (poor condition). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:8 [ref. 12247]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Alectis by Scyris indicus Rüppell 1830. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644], Gunn 1990:10 [ref. 20141], Randall 1995:173 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:155 [ref. 23922]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Irex Valenciennes [A.] 1862:1205 [10] [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 54; ref. 4506] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1833-0840 (not found). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:40 [ref. 12247]. On p. 10 of separate. •Synonym of Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:739 [ref. 18644], Fricke 1999:250 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Naucrates Lesson [R. P.] 1831:157, Poissons Pl. 14 (fig. 2) [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] New Ireland Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-5398. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:24 [ref. 12247]. Also appeared in Cuvier 1832:326 [ref. 1000], Griffith & Smith 1834:Pl. 47 (opp. p. 190) [ref. 1908] and Cuvier 1837:xvii, Fig. 40, p. 129 [ref. 26488]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Naucrates Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.] 1834:opp. 190, Pl. 47 (fig. 1) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] No locality stated. No types known. Probably not independent from Naucrates indicus Lesson 1831. Also appeared in Cuvier 1837:129, Pl. 40 (fig. 1) [ref. 26488]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Scyris Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:128, Pl. 33 (fig. 1) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 1647. The gender of the genera Scyris and Alectis is feminine, so indica is the correct species spelling. •Valid as Alectis indicus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:210 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:122 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:157 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:640 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:309 [ref. 6207], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:574 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:157 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:177 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:33 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:420 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:60 [ref. 26476] dated 1828, Cheng & Zhou 1997:262 [ref. 26385] dated 1828, Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:157 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:137 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:243 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2685 [ref. 24833], Lin & Shao 1999:48 [ref. 23921], Johnson 1999:733 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:802 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:802 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:73 [ref. 27510], Khan 2003:9 [ref. 27710], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:29 [ref. 27712], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:301 [ref. 28072], Mundy 2005:363 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1150 [ref. 28997], Hoese & Gates 2006:1150 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:55 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:116 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:427 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:118 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989], Psomadakis et al. 2015:215 [ref. 34104], Yoshida et al. 2013:114 [ref. 34464], Motomura et al. 2017:104 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:321 [ref. 36183]). •Valid as Alectis indica (Rüppell 1830) -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:37 [ref. 26830], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2015:43 [ref. 34319], Fricke et al. 2018:179 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:82 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:125 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:199 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:46 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:143 [ref. 36673], Bogorodsky et al. 2020:519 [ref. 38001], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 15 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:416 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:32 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:105 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Scyris indica Rüppell 1830 -- (Kimura et al. 2022:21 [ref. 38998], Vilasri et al. 2023:82 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Scyris indica Rüppell 1830. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar, and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

indicus, Trachurus mediterraneus Nekrasov [V. V.] 1966:141, Fig. [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 45 (no. 1) (for Dec. 1965); ref. 9048] Gulf of Aden, 15°26'N, 52°00'E, northwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: ZIN 37519 (267 mm). Paratypes: ZIN 37519 (2, with holotype), ?37836 (2, sent as types to ZIN). Plus additional material not saved. Author also seen as Necrassov. •Valid as Trachurus indicus Nekrasov 1966 -- (Dor 1984:132 [ref. 29757], Baranes & Golani 1993:308 [ref. 22372], Nekrasov 1994:90 [ref. 24544], Goren & Dor 1994:35 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:189 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:167 [ref. 23922], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Psomadakis et al. 2015:231 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:324 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[21] 259 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:87 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:53 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 17 [ref. 38321] misidentified, Kovačić et al. 2021:46 [ref. 39014], Smith-Vaniz 2022:65 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Valid as Trachurus indicus Nekrasov 1966. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; western Indian Ocean: Somalia and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan, south to Saya de Malha Bank; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

inornatus, Oligoplites Gill [T. N.] 1863:166 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] (Pacific) Panama. Holotype (unique): USNM 30959. Type catalog: Smith 2018:72 [ref. 36061]. •Synonym of Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:221 [ref. 7106], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:972 [ref. 22829], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:276 [ref. 24550]). •See Grove & Lavenberg 1997:368 [ref. 24023]. •Synonym of Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider 1891), but a valid subspecies inornatus Gill 1863 -- (Smith-Vaniz 2003:1453 [ref. 27083]). •Valid as Oligoplites inornatus Gill 1863. Current status: Valid as Oligoplites inornatus Gill 1863. Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: brackish, marine.

inornatus, Temnodon Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Bleeker 1851:371 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Not available; name mentioned in synonymy of Stromateus niger. •In the synonymy of Parastromateus niger (Bloch 1795). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Parastromateus niger (Bloch 1795). Carangidae: Caranginae.

insanus, Hynnis Valenciennes [A.] 1862:1203 [8] [Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences v. 54; ref. 4506] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:39 [ref. 12247]. On p. 8 of separate. •Synonym of Alectis indicus (Rüppell 1830) -- (Fricke 1999:243 [ref. 24106], Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Scyris indica Rüppell 1830. Current status: Synonym of Scyris indica Rüppell 1830. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

insulanorum, Usacaranx Whitley [G. P.] 1937:223, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [Australian Zoologist v. 8 (pt 4); ref. 4690] Elizabeth Reef, Tasman Sea, Australia. Holotype: lost. •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:743 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

intermedia, Seriola Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1845:116 [Fauna Japonica Parts 7-9; ref. 4373] Japan. Holotype (unique): RMNH D859 (stuffed). Type information: Boeseman 1947:105 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell 1829) -- (Hoese & Gates 2006:1168 [ref. 28997], Kottelat 2013:337 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell 1829). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

ire, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:57 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Puducherry, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5847. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:12 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Carangoides praeustus (Anonymous [Bennett] 1830) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:822 [ref. 20764], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2708 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz 2022:43 [ref. 39876]). •Synonym of Olistus praeustus (Anonymous [Bennett] 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Carangoides ire (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:48 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Carangoides ire (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf east to Bay of Bengal (India). Habitat: brackish, marine.

iridinus, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:226 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Carangoides ruber (Bloch 1793). •Synonym of Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ishikawai, Caranx Wakiya [Y.] 1924:193, Pl. 26 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Bonin Islands, Japanese seas. Holotype: FMNH 59390 [ex CM 7734]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:90 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:20 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Caranx ishikawai Wakiya 1924 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:262 [ref. 19756]). •Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2713 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

jacobaeus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:42 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Praia San Jago, Cape Verde Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5849. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:12 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:376 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:828 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:737 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2719 [ref. 24833], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

janthinospilos, Caranx Bleeker [P.] 1856:45 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6082. •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

japonicus, Caranx trachurus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1844:109, Pl. 59 (fig. 1) [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 1314. Paralectotypes: RMNH 1313 (5). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:100 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:154 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:493, 680 [ref. 8056], Nekrasov 1994:119 [ref. 24544], Chen et al. 1997:67 [ref. 26476], Cheng & Zhou 1997:271 [ref. 26385] dated 1842, Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:11 [ref. 24670], Lin & Shao 1999:60 [ref. 23921], Mizuno et al. 1999:9 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:793 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Shinohara et al. 2000:179 [ref. 25987], Shimizu 2001:29 [ref. 25799], Nakabo 2002:793 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 608 [ref. 26218], Parin 2003:S8 [ref. 28536], Shinohara et al. 2005:433 [ref. 28370], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Motomura et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31256], Parin et al. 2014:363 [ref. 33547], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:140 [ref. 36460], Kim et al. 2020:129 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:65 [ref. 37637], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:833 [ref. 38925], Kim et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39117], Russell & van Oijen 2021:432 [ref. 38177]). Current status: Valid as Trachurus japonicus (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: northern Vietnam and southern China to Korea, Russia and Japan. Habitat: marine.

jarra, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:109 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:37 [ref. 12247]. Based on Pl. 147 of Russell. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

jayakari, Caranx Boulenger [G. A.] 1888:661 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 4); ref. 14479] Muscat, Oman, Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1887.11.11.196. •Synonym of Platycaranx chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Platycaranx chrysophrys (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

jordani, Carangoides Nichols [J. T.] 1922:2 [American Museum Novitates No. 50; ref. 15354] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: AMNH 8104. Paratypes: AMNH 8079 (1). Type is also holotype of C. gilberti. •Synonym of Caranx orthogrammus Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:957 [ref. 22829]). •Synonym of Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Kim & Kim 1999:20 [ref. 25723], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2706 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:365 [ref. 28379]). •Synonym of Ferdauia orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) -- (Kimura et al. 2022:42 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Ferdauia orthogrammus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

jordani, Trachynotus Wakiya [Y.] 1924:221, Pl. 35 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Bonin Islands, Japanese seas. Holotype (unique): FMNH 59374 [ex CM 7756]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:91 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:83 [ref. 12367]. Correct spelling of original genus is Trachninotus. •Synonym of Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède 1801) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:320 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019:12 [ref. 36875]). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

kalla, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:49 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Malabar, India. Lectotype: MNHN A-6081. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-6082 (1), A-6126 (1), A-6127 (1, dry), A-6128 (1, dry), A-6129 (1, dry), A-6145 (1, dry), A-6204 (2), A-6203 (2), 5858 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:12-13 [ref. 12247]. Spelled calla by Günther 1860:433 [ref. 1963]. Lectotype selected by Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:13 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Alepes djedaba (Forsskål 1775) -- (Dor 1984:123 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Caranx kalla Cuvier 1833 -- (Chen et al. 1997:65 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793) -- (Randall 1995:174 [ref. 22896], Eagderi et al. 2019:46 [ref. 37020], Smith-Vaniz 2022:34 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

kennedyi, Trachinotus Steindachner [F.] 1875:75 [47], Pl. 7 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 4223] Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Syntypes: ?MCZ; NMW 12812 (1), 12822-23 (1, 4), 77754 (2). On p. 47 of separate. •Valid as Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner 1875 (sometimes dated to 1876) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:35 [ref. 39147] as kennedyli, Allen & Robertson 1994:128 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:108 [ref. 23101], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:980 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:88 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:284 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:280 [ref. 24550], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:119 [ref. 37547], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], McMahan et al. 2013:449 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:91 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:155 [ref. 39279], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:217 [ref. 40816]). Current status: Valid as Trachinotus kennedyi Steindachner 1875. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

kiliche, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:43 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Puducherry, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5848. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:12-13 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830) -- (Dor 1984:128 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz 1986:651 [ref. 5718], Randall 1995:182 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2722 [ref. 24833], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:50 [ref. 37020], Smith-Vaniz 2022:52 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

kirm, Scomber Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:55 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Originally Scomber ignobilis, kirm on p. 55, Scomber ignobilis on p. xii; see account of Scomber ignobilis. •In the synonymy of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae.

kleinii, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:86, Pl. 347 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Malabar coast, India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1580. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:55 [ref. 24282]. On p. 73 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as "Caranx" kleinii (Bloch 1793) -- (Gunn 1990:37 [ref. 20141]). •Valid as Caranx kleinii (Bloch 1793) -- (Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Hoese & Gates 2006:1155 [ref. 28997], Larson et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793) -- (Randall 1995:174 [ref. 22896], Randall et al. 1997:162 [ref. 25919], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2688 [ref. 24833], Nakabo 2000:800 [ref. 25086], Krupp et al. 2000:330 [ref. 25117], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:615 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:800 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:73 [ref. 27510], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Kimura 2009:116 [ref. 30425], Ho & Shao 2011:44 [ref. 31432], Yoshida et al. 2013:115 [ref. 34464], Psomadakis et al. 2015:215 [ref. 34104] as kleini, Motomura et al. 2017:105 [ref. 35490] as kleini, Ali et al. 2018:322 [ref. 36183], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:126 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:46 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 15 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:416 [ref. 37272] as kleini, Smith-Vaniz 2022:34 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Valid as Alepes kleinii (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Pakistan east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to northern Vietnam, south to Kimberley (northern Australia) and Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

kleinii, Zeus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:401 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. Based on Klein, v. 4:38, Pl. 12 (fig. 1). •Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758) -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm.). Current status: Synonym of Selene vomer (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

koehleri, Caranx Curtiss [A.] 1938:65 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. •Unidentifiable. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: marine.

koelreuteri, Scomber Schneider [J. G.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:570 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. No types known. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

koheru, Caranx Hector [J.] 1875:247, Pl. 11 (fig. 24a) [Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute v. 7 (art. 34); ref. 18269] Tutukaka Harbor, near Ngunguru, New Zealand. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Decapterus koheru (Hector 1875) -- (Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826] as "Decapterus", Smith-Vaniz 2015:1251 [ref. 34200] as 'Decapterus'). Current status: Valid as Decapterus koheru (Hector 1875). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Pacific: New Zealand endemic. Habitat: marine.

korab, Caranx Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:59, 75 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Unnecessary replacement name for Scomber ignobilis Forsskål 1775. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:400 (vol. 7), 16 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

kuhlii, Selar Bleeker [P.] 1851:360 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Cheribon, Surabaya; Java; Kammal, Tandjong, Madura, Indonesia. Syntypes: ?NMV A916 (1); RMNH 6093 (some of 37), 8377 (6), 26965 (1); SMNS 10581 (4) Java. Type catalog: Fricke 1991:10 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:24 [ref. 29864] Also in Bleeker 1851:54 [ref. 332]. •Synonym of Alepes vari (Cuvier 1833). Current status: Synonym of Alepes vari (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

kurra, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:44 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Coromandel, southeastern India. No types known. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:37 [ref. 12247]. Based on Russell, v. 2, Pl. 139. •Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830) -- (Dor 1984:128 [ref. 29757]). •Status uncertain -- (W. Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm.). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

kurroides, Decapterus Bleeker [P.] 1855:420 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 350] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH.PISC 26977. Original as kurroïdes. •Valid as Decapterus kurroides Bleeker 1855 -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:219 [ref. 19754], Smith-Vaniz 1986:650 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:579 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:162 [ref. 15987], Manilo 1992:23 [132] [ref. 39140], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:433 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:162 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:57 [ref. 23921], Fricke 1999:250 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2718 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Kim et al. 2001:30 [ref. 25333], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:78 [ref. 27510], Hoese & Gates 2006:1158 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:122 [ref. 30425], Kimura et al. 2013:[9] [ref. 32890], Larson et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32988], Motomura et al. 2017:113 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:184 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Takahashi et al. 2018:182 [ref. 36476], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:426 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:50 [ref. 39876], Yoshida et al. 2022:29 [ref. 39440]). Current status: Valid as Decapterus kurroides Bleeker 1855. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

lacerta, Scomber Pallas [P. S.] 1814:218 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Littora Chersonesi Tauricae. No types known. •Synonym of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:380 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:753 [ref. 18644], Parin 2003:S8 [ref. 28536], Parin et al. 2014:364 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lajang, Decapterus Bleeker [P.] 1855:302 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 16839] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6087. •Valid as Decapterus lajang Bleeker 1855 -- (Nakamura in Okamura et al. 1982:231, 378 [ref. 8256], Chen et al. 1997:66 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830), but often misapplied to Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker 1851 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2720 [ref. 24833]). •Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830) -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:332 [ref. 28867], Smith-Vaniz 2022:52 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus russelli (Rüppell 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

lalandi, Seriola Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:208 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN A-0780 (1, dry), A-0803 (1, dry), A-5574 (1, dry). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:27 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Seriola zonata (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:380 [ref. 7198]). •Valid as Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:209 [ref. 9277], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:153 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:657 [ref. 5718], Peden & Jamieson 1988:492 [ref. 12864], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:584 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:61 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:184 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:147 [ref. 14674], Randall et al. 1990:167 [ref. 15987], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644], Kuiter 1993:172 [ref. 23929], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:158 [ref. 25472], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Gomon et al. 1994:587 [ref. 22532], Allen & Robertson 1994:128 [ref. 22193], Andrew et al. 1995:22 [ref. 38009], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:977 [ref. 22829], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:91 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:371 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:84 [ref. 24952], Kuiter 1997:154 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:167 [ref. 25919], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:288 [ref. 24555], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:11 [ref. 24670], Fricke 1999:256 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2740 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Pequeño & Sáez 2000:32 [ref. 24590], Nakabo 2000:792 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122] as lalandii, Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:237 [ref. 25191], Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:98 [ref. 25942], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:650 [ref. 25968], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:792 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 606 [ref. 26218], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:81 [ref. 27192], Parin 2003:S7 [ref. 28536], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:311 [ref. 28072], Pequeño 2004:96 [ref. 28123], Love et al. 2005:119 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:237 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:373 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1167 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:239 [ref. 30952], Smith-Vaniz 2008:579 [ref. 30654], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:58 [ref. 30213], Dyer & Westneat 2010:606 [ref. 31446], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:362 [ref. 33547], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:113 [ref. 36167], Martinez-Takeshita et al. 2015:366 [ref. 33834] with restricted range, Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz 2015:1258 [ref. 34200], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Kells et al. 2016:238 [ref. 35888], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2502 [ref. 34618], Stuart-Smith et al. 2016:[1] [ref. 35393], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Brown et al. 2019:168 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:255 [ref. 37250], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Takahashi et al. 2020:[1] [ref. 37490], Fermon et al. 2022:240 [ref. 39448] with question, Smith-Vaniz 2022:61 [ref. 39876], Carvalho-Filho 2023:146 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:41 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Seriola lalandi Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in subtropical to temperate seas, mainly in the southern Hemisphere, but not in eastern Pacific. Introduced off southern Japan; here hybridizing with Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel 1845. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lanceolatus, Chorinemus Girard [C. F.] 1858:168 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 10; ref. 1813] St. Joseph Island, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 710. See also Girard 1859:21, Pl. 11 (fig. 5) [ref. 13405]. •Synonym of Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:221 [ref. 7106]). Current status: Synonym of Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lathami, Trachurus Nichols [J. T.] 1920:479 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 42 (art. 13); ref. 18116] Orient, Long Island, Suffolk County, New York, U.S.A. Holotype: AMNH 7351. Paratypes: ?AMNH (2, not present). Additional material: AMNH 2776 (6). •Valid as Trachurus lathami Nichols 1920 -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:329 [ref. 14275], Inada in Nakamura et al. 1986:208 [ref. 14235], Robins & Ray 1986:161 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:382 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:147 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:135 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:295 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:110 [ref. 24474], Nekrasov 1994:85 [ref. 24544], Pacheco Tack & Cousseau 1994:75 [ref. 39998], Andreata & Séret 1996:586 [ref. 16204], Murdy et al. 1997:164 [ref. 23144], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:100 [ref. 25942], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:426 [ref. 26158], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1467 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:82 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:141 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:302 [ref. 28815], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Mabragaña et al. 2011:table S2 [ref. 31800], Page et al. 2013:145 [ref. 32708], Costa et al. 2015:1061 [ref. 37495], Nión et al. 2016:48 [ref. 35565], Spier et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36103], Carneiro et al. 2019:256 [ref. 37250], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:362 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:144 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Trachurus lathami Nichols 1920. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to northern Argentina; northeastern Atlantic: Azores. Habitat: marine.

laticaudis, Caranx Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:325, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Hall Sound, Papua New Guinea. Holotype (unique): AMS 16303-001 [ex MAMU F365]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. As Caranx laticandis on legend page (p. 358) -- regarded as a misspelling. •Synonym of Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål 1775) -- (Gunn 1990:16 [ref. 20141]). •Synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

latus, Caranx Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1831:105, Pl. 56b (fig. 1) [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Atlantic off Brazil. Possible syntypes: MHNN 455 (1). •Valid as Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Villa 1982:165 [ref. 36708], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:825 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Bussing 1987:172 [ref. 22927], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644], Boschung 1992:131 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:285 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:66 [ref. 24474], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:150 [ref. 22947], Murdy et al. 1997:166 [ref. 23144], Bussing 1998:274 [ref. 24179], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:293 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:238 [ref. 25013], Keith et al. 2000:92 [ref. 24547], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639] with author as Agazzis, Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1441 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:278 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Miller 2006:339 [ref. 28615], Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Wirtz et al. 2007:12, 32 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Matamoros et al. 2009:17 [ref. 31241], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2479 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:191 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:342 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:139 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Jersey (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil); southern-central Atlantic: Saint Paul's Rocks, Ascension and Saint Helena islands; eastern Atlantic: Ivory Coast south to Gabon, including Madeira, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

latus, Scomber Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:127 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Off Carolina coast, U.S.A. Holotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.96 [Gronovius coll.] (skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434]. •Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:736 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

leiarchus, Seriola Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:213 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6645. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:27 [ref. 12247]. Not reagarded as a replacement name, Mitchill's zonatus cited under more than one species. •Synonym of Seriola zonata (Mitchill 1815). Current status: Synonym of Seriola zonata (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

leptolepis, Caranx Cuvier [G.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:63 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6080. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:13 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier 1833) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:215 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477] with Valenciennes as author, Paxton et al. 1989:584 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:166 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:49 [ref. 20141], Randall 1995:186 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:451 [ref. 27969] with Valenciennes as author, Rainboth 1996:184 [ref. 22772], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:165 [ref. 23922], Randall et al. 1997:166 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:60 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2737 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:798 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:107 [ref. 25480], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:100 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:798 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:81 [ref. 27510], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:32 [ref. 27712], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Hoese & Gates 2006:1166 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826], Kimura 2009:126 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:438 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:336 [ref. 32989], Yoshida et al. 2013:121 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:228 [ref. 34104], Miesen et al. 2016:89 [ref. 34492], Motomura et al. 2017:118 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:324 [ref. 36183], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:137 [ref. 36460], Suresh et al. 2018:216 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:52 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:148 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 17 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:431 [ref. 37272], Kimura in Motomura et al. 2021:30 [ref. 38121], Taki et al. 2021:390 [ref. 39830], Smith-Vaniz 2022:59 [ref. 39876], Vilasri et al. 2023:82 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to southern Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia) and Brisbane (Queensland, Australia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

leptosomus, Decapterus Ogilby [J. D.] 1898:760 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 22 (pt 4); ref. 14688] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Lectotype: AMS I.4362. Paralectotypes: AMS I.4363 (1). Lectotype selected by Whitley 1952:24 [ref. 4717]. •Synonym of Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:579 [ref. 12442], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:737 [ref. 18644], Hoese & Gates 2006:1159 [ref. 28997], Smith-Vaniz 2022:51 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck & Schlegel 1844). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

lepturus, Caranx Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1831:106, Pl. 56b (fig. 2) [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Atlantic off Brazil. No types known. •Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lessonii, Caranx Lesson [R. P.] (ex Cuvier) 1831:155, Poissons Pl. 31 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Coasts of New Guinea. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6048. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:14 [ref. 12247]. Also appeared in Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:113 [ref. 1002]. •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:1155 [ref. 28997], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

leucopthalmus, Chorinemus Richardson [J.] 1846:269 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:213, Pl. 22b [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Scomberoides commersonianus Lacepède 1801 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:194 [ref. 7106], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:317 [ref. 6207]). •Synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801 -- (Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801. Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

leucurus, Caranx Günther [A.] 1864:24 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 1) (art. 4) (for 26 Jan. 1864); ref. 5752] Pacific coast of Panama. Syntypes: BMNH 1863.12.16.70-72 (orig. 2, now 3), ?ZMB 5419 (1). Also appeared in Günther 1864:228 [ref. 1976]. •Valid as Hemicaranx leucurus (Günther 1864) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:127 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:106 [ref. 23101], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:967 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:86 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:278 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:289 [ref. 24550], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:117 [ref. 37547], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:396 [ref. 34894], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:154 [ref. 39279], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Hemicaranx leucurus (Günther 1864). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

leucurus, Nauclerus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:255 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Between the Cape and Saint Helena. Syntypes: MNHN A-6577 (3). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:24 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

ligulata, Seriola Poey [F.] 1860:231 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:748 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes 1833. Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

lindemanensis, Ferdauia Whitley [G. P.] 1951:66 [Proceedings of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales v. for 1949-50; ref. 4711] Lindeman Island, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.7491. •Synonym of Carangoides ferdau (Forsskål 1775) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:575 [ref. 12442], Gunn 1990:23 [ref. 20141], Hoese & Gates 2006:1152 [ref. 28997]). •Synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Current status: Synonym of Ferdauia ferdau (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

lineolatus, Seriolichthys Day [F.] 1867:559 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 2) (art. 7); ref. 1075] Madras, India. Syntypes: BMNH 1867.5.30.1 (1), ZSI 2885 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:159 [ref. 23762]. •Synonym of Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:739 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard 1825). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

linnei, Trachurus Malm [A. W.] 1877:421 [ ref. 2881] Original as Linnéi. Tentatively regarded as an unneeded replacement name for Scomber trachurus Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid "Strickland tautonomy"). Locality Sweden. •Synonym of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:381 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:753 [ref. 18644]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lioglossus, Caranx Günther [A.] 1860:432 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Sea of Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1880.4.21.121 (1). Replacement name for Leioglossus carangoides Bleeker 1851. •Synonym of Ulua mentalis (Cuvier 1833). •Synonym of Atropus mentalis (Cuvier 1833). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Atropus mentalis (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

lirio, Campogramma Dollfus [R.-P.] 1955:58, 145 [Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique Chérifien, Série Zoologie No. 6; ref. 17403] Nomen novum based on Centronotus vadigo of Risso 1810 (non Lacepède 1803) and Campogramma vadigo of Regan 1903:348-250 [ref. 3618] and available by reference to descriptions by these authors (art. 13.1 of the Code). •Synonym of Campogramma glaycos (Lacepède 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:375 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:822 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2473 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Campogramma glaycos (Lacepède 1801). Carangidae: Naucratinae. Habitat: marine.

liza, Scomber Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 125 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name mentioned in synonymy. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

longimanus, Decapterus Norman [J. R.] 1935:255, Fig. 1 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 92); ref. 13916] Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic. Holotype: BMNH 1935.5.2.3. Paratype: BMNH 1927.12.6.76 [ex SAM] (1). •Questionably a synonym of Trachurus suareus (Risso 1833) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:382 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich 1825) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:753 [ref. 18644]). •Valid as Trachurus longimanus (Norman 1935) -- (Collette & Parin 1991:11 [ref. 19110], Andrew et al. 1995:22 [ref. 38009], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:31 [ref. 31826]). Current status: Valid as Trachurus longimanus (Norman 1935). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southern-central Atlantic: Tristan da Cunha Island; Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

longipes, Caranx Steindachner [F.] 1906:1404 [36] [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 43; ref. 20596] Samoa. Holotype (unique): NMW 60929. Later described in more detail in Steindachner 1906:1404 [ref. 4242]. •Synonym of Carangichthys dinema (Bleeker 1851) --(Kimura et al. 2022:48 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Carangichthys dinema (Bleeker 1851). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

lugubris, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:222 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba, western Atlantic. No types known. See Smith-Vaniz & Randall 1994 [ref. 21632] and Opinion 1841. •Valid as Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198], Kyushin et al. 1977:264 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:195 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:826 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Cervigón 1992:286 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:68 [ref. 24474], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:955 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:180 [ref. 22896], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:77 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:363 [ref. 24023], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Arruda 1997:83 [ref. 24952], Kuiter 1997:158 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:138 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:247 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2713 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:238 [ref. 25013], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:801 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:230 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:288 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Nakabo 2002:801 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1442 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576] dated 1861, Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576] dated 1861, Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:304 [ref. 28072], Pequeño 2004:96 [ref. 28123], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:228 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:366 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:279 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Trunov 2006:475 [ref. 28786], Hoese & Gates 2006:1156 [ref. 28997], Wirtz et al. 2007:11, 32 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:229 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Béarez & Séret 2009:147 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Allen & Erdmann 2012:434 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:222 [ref. 34104], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2480 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Koeda et al. 2016:37 [ref. 35333], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Reiner 2019:192 [ref. 38139], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:424 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:343 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:238 [ref. 39448], Smith-Vaniz 2022:47 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:114 [ref. 40522], Carvalho-Filho 2023:139 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, South China Sea, east China Sea, southern Sea of Japan, southern Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2017): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

luna, Caranx Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.] 1817:no page number, Pl. 23 (figs. 3-4) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4184] Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5855. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:14 [ref. 12247]. Species epithet misspelled lune by Cuvier 1831:153 [ref. 30376]. •Synonym of Caranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198]). •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:742 [ref. 18644], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:85 [ref. 26753], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:45 [ref. 36649]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lundini, Decapterus Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:229, Fig. 27 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Pago Pago, American Samoa. Holotype (unique): USNM 51727. •Synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:309 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2692 [ref. 24833], Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Atule mate (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lusitanicus, Trachurus de Brito Capello [F.] 1867:235 [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 14042] Not available, name only. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

lutescens, Scomber Solander [D. C.] in Richardson 1843:26 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 11 (nos 67-8, 71-2); ref. 13395] Ocean; Australian streams; New Zealand. No types known. Based on Solander manuscript and a Parkinson drawing. •Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:743 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lysan, Scomber Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:54, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, or [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Lectotype: ZMUC P46435 (dry skin). Paralectotypes: ZMUC P46436 (1, dry skin, head missing). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:63 [ref. 9588]. Spelled lyzan in Lacepède 1801:317 [ref. 2710] and Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:387 [ref. 1000]. Lectotype selected and figured by Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:22 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål 1775) -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:205 [ref. 7106], Dor 1984:130 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:153 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:655 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:317 [ref. 6207], Allen & Swainston 1988:74 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:582 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:165 [ref. 15987], Gunn 1990:44 [ref. 20141], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:825 [ref. 20764], Kuiter 1993:178 [ref. 23929], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:185 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:444 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:116 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:164 [ref. 23922], Randall et al. 1997:165 [ref. 25919], Kimura et al. 1998:510 [ref. 23341], Lin & Shao 1999:64 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:142 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:254 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2732 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:794 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:236 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:197 [ref. 27511], Nakabo 2002:794 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:311 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:234 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:371 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1164 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:237 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:58 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:124 [ref. 30425], Motomura et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31256], Ho & Shao 2011: 45 [ref. 31432], Allen & Erdmann 2012:437 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:259 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:227 [ref. 34104], Miesen et al. 2016:89 [ref. 34492], Koeda et al. 2016:38 [ref. 35333], Ali et al. 2018:324 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:186 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:86 [ref. 36273], Suresh et al. 2018:209 [ref. 36495], Eagderi et al. 2019:51 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:148 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:430 [ref. 37272], Zajonz et al. 2022:121 [ref. 40522]). •Valid as Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182], Smith-Vaniz 2022:57 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Valid as Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), Tonga and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

lyzan, Centronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:309, 316 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Not available, incorrect subsequent spelling for Scomber lysan Forsskål 1775. •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775) -- (Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae.

macarellus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:40 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Martinique, West Indies, western Atlantic. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-5850. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-6245 (1), B-2880 [ex MNHN 0000-5850] (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:14 [ref. 12247]. Lectotype selected by Berry 1968:161 [ref. 7867]. •Valid as Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier 1833) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:375 [ref. 7198], Dor 1984:128 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:154 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:828 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:161 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:650 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Scott & Scott 1988:376 [ref. 25518], Paxton et al. 1989:579 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:163 [ref. 15987], Retzer 1990:139 [ref. 39996], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:736 [ref. 18644], Boschung 1992:131 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:287 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:73 [ref. 24474], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:104 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:963 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:182 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:433 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Santos et al. 1997:85 [ref. 23531], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:84 [ref. 24545], Pequeño 1997:83 [ref. 23536], Carpenter et al. 1997:161 [ref. 23922], Arruda 1997:83 [ref. 24952], Kuiter 1997:156 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:163 [ref. 25919], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Lin & Shao 1999:57 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:140 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:250 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2719 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:240 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:798 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909] as cf. macarellus, Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:416 [ref. 26158], Nakabo 2002:798 [ref. 26001], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1445 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:78 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:117 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:231 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:368 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:282 [ref. 28815], Hoese & Gates 2006:1158 [ref. 28997], Wirtz et al. 2007:32 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:232 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Kimura et al. 2013:[2] [ref. 32890], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:48 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:223 [ref. 34104], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2484 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Motomura et al. 2017:113 [ref. 35490], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509], Bañón et al. 2019:190 [ref. 36706], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:147 [ref. 36673], Reiner 2019:194 [ref. 38139], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Moore et al. 2020:110 [ref. 37357], Psomadakis et al. 2020:426 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Sonoyama et al. 2020:63 [ref. 37637], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Kim et al. 2021:142 [ref. 39117], Kovačić et al. 2021:85 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:153 [ref. 39279], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:345 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:238 [ref. 39448], Smith-Vaniz 2022:50 [ref. 39876], Carvalho-Filho 2023:144 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Red Sea; Persian Gulf; Sea of Japan; southern Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: marine.

macrophthalmus, Caranx Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1830:97, Pl. 25 (fig. 4) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 27 (3). •Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Dor 1984:131 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644], Golani & Fricke 2018:86 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

macrophthalmus, Caranx Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1831:107, Pl. 56a (fig. 1) [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Atlantic off Brazil. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Caranx macrophthalmus Rüppell 1830. 1°Homonym. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

macrops, Caranx Steindachner [F.] 1867:64 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 4 (no. 8); ref. 20462] Monrovia, Liberia. Holotype (unique): NMW 75559. Species also appeared on p. 441 of English version [ref. 20462]; later appeared in more detail in Steindachner 1867: 519, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [ref. 4215]; and on p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:735 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

macrosoma, Decapterus Bleeker [P.] 1851:358 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1880.4.21.129-130 (2); RMNH 6084 (7), 23482 [ex RMNH 6084] (1). Also in Bleeker 1851:87 [ref. 332]. •Valid as Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker 1851 -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:217 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:154 [ref. 6441], Matsuura in Okamura et al. 1985:491, 679 [ref. 8056], Smith-Vaniz 1986:650 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:579 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Randall et al. 1990:163 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:179 [ref. 23929], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Suzuki & Hosokawa 1994:4 [ref. 24339], Bussing & López S. 1994:104 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:964 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:182 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:434 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:161 [ref. 23922], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:84 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:376 [ref. 24023], Randall et al. 1997:163 [ref. 25919], Anderson et al. 1998:24 [ref. 23611], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:274, 391 [ref. 24555], Lin & Shao 1999:57 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:140 [ref. 23965], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2720 [ref. 24833], Kim & Kim 1999:18 [ref. 25723], Nakabo 2000:796 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:796 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 604 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:79 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:117 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:231 [ref. 28239], Shinohara et al. 2005:433 [ref. 28370], Mundy 2005:368 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1158 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:233 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Kimura 2009:122 [ref. 30425], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Kimura et al. 2013:[2] [ref. 32890], Larson et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:223 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:114 [ref. 35490], Robertson et al. 2017:87 [ref. 35676], Fricke et al. 2018:184 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:85 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:132 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:50 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:426 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:63 [ref. 37637], Love et al. 2021:153 [ref. 39279], Ray et al. 2022:514 [ref. 39086], Smith-Vaniz 2022:51 [ref. 39876], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:205 [ref. 40816]). Current status: Valid as Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker 1851. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), south to Port Hedland (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga; eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

macrospilus, Trachinotus Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Walsh [S. J.] 2019:5, Figs. 1, 3-5A [Zootaxa 4651 (no. 1); ref. 36875] North Rock, Hatuta'a, Marquesas Islands, 7°53'47"S, 140°33'43"W, depth 0 - 10 meters. Holotype: USNM 409238. Paratypes: ANSP, BPBM, MCZ, UF, USNM. •Valid as Trachinotus macrospilus Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019. Current status: Valid as Trachinotus macrospilus Smith-Vaniz & Walsh 2019. Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Distribution: Marquesas Islands (endemic), south Pacific. Habitat: marine.

macrurus, Selar Bleeker [P.] 1851:359 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: ?RMNH 6092 (2), 27641 (1). Also in Bleeker 1851:52 [ref. 332]. •Synonym of Alepes vari (Cuvier 1833) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2690 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Alepes vari (Cuvier 1833). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

maculatus, Elacate (Chorinemus) Swainson [W.] 1839:244 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Cuv. pl. 236 -- which is Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:Pl. 236 [ref. 1000]. Unexplained and unneeded replacement name for Chorinemus sanctipetri Cuvier 1832. •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:335 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

maculatus, Scomber Richardson [J.] (ex Forster) 1843:24 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (New Series) v. 11 (nos 67-8, 71-2); ref. 13395] Not available, name mentioned in synonymy of Chorinemus forsteri. •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:336 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius 1775). Carangidae: Scomberoidinae.

maculatus, Scomber Forster [J. R.] in Bloch & Schneider 1801:26 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Not available, manuscript name mentioned under account of Scomber forsteri. Based on description in manuscript by Forster (Johann Reinhold Forster, 1729-1798, German explorer and naturalist of Cook's second voyage). Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Scomberoidinae.

maculatus, Zeus Sessé [M.] & Mocigno [J. M.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:220 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Not available, name mentioned in passing; from Mexico. Modern spelling of second author's name is Mociño. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

maculosus, Chorinemus Saville-Kent [W.] 1893:369 [The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities; ref. 13269] Queensland, Australia. Not available, name only; from Queensland, Australia. Nomen Nudum. Carangidae: Caranginae.

madagascariensis, Scomber Shaw [G.] 1803:590 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Unneeded new name for Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801. •Objective synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Staiger 1973:194 [ref. 7106], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:316 [ref. 6207]). Current status: Synonym of Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède 1801. Carangidae: Scomberoidinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

madeirensis, Trachinotus Borodin [N. A.] 1934:111, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Bulletin Vanderbilt Marine Museum v. 1 (art. 4); ref. 529] Funchal, Madeira, eastern Atlantic. Holotype: VMM 1279 (128 mm) not found in 1996. Paratypes: MCZ 33395 [ex VMM 1279] (1), VMM 1279 (1, not found in 1996). Genus appeared as Trachinus in text but corrected in Errata to Trachinotus, also for plate caption. •Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:321 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:750 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). Carangidae: Trachinotinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

magog, Caranx Montrouzier [X.] 1857:452 [174] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 174 of reprint. •Unidentifiable. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

major, Blepharis Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:163 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Antilles. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7451. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:8 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:730 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Alectis ciliaris (Bloch 1787). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

major, Gallichtys Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:168, Pl. 254 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Puducherry and Visakhapatnam, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-5704 (1, dry), A-5705 (2, dry), A-6851 (1), 1103 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:23 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Alectis indica (Rüppell 1830) -- (Kottelat 2013:332 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Scyris indica Rüppell 1830 -- (Kimura et al. 2022:24 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Synonym of Scyris indica Rüppell 1830. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.