Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Cichlidae: [ 2359 ] records

abalios, Geophagus López-Fernández [H.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2004:6, Figs. 2b, 3-5 [Zootaxa No. 439; ref. 27573] Laguna Larga, 6.5339°N, 67.4150°W, Río Cinaruco, Apure, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 47600. Paratypes: AMNH 93052 (2), 233634 [ex MCNG 44865] (1); MCNG 30939 (3), 33723 (3), 35035 (1), 40878 (1), 41124 (2), 47601 (2), 47602 [ex MCNG 6278] (1). •Valid as Geophagus abalios López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004 -- (Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633], Lasso et al. in Lasso & Morales-Betancourt 2022:272 [ref. 40783], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:457 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus abalios López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

abeelei, Limnochromis Poll [M.] 1949:11, Figs. 4-6 [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 25 (no. 33); ref. 13026] Between Cape Bwana Denge and Moni, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 107277. Paratypes: BMNH 1961.11.22.55 (1), IRSNB 277 (1), MRAC 107278 (1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:35 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:54 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Limnochromis abeelei Poll 1949 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:243 [ref. 20946]). •Valid as Greenwoodochromis abeelei (Poll 1949) -- (Konings 2015:379 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:225 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Greenwoodochromis abeelei (Poll 1949). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

acara, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:52, 156 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Brazil. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:86 [ref. 20898]. New name for Perca bimaculata Bloch. •Species inquirenda in Cichlidae -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:646 [ref. 27061]). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

acaroides, Heros Hensel [R.] 1870:54 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 36 (pt. 1); ref. 18277] Rio Cadea [Cadeia], Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMB 7455. Paralectotypes: ZMB 7456 (3), 34501 [ex 25179] (8), 34502 [ex 25109] (2), 34506 [ex 7455] (1), Type cataqlog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:269 [ref. 32895]. Lectotype selected by Schindler, Ottoni & Cheffe 2010:140 [ref. 31744]. •Synonym of Cichlasoma facetum (Jenyns 1842) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Synonym of Australoheros facetus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Říčan & Kullander 2008:4 [ref. 29548], Ottoni & Costa 2008:208 [ref. 29909]). •Valid as Australoheros acaroides (Hensel 1870) -- (Schindler et al. 2010:140 [ref. 31744], Ottoni et al. 2011:138 [ref. 31378], Ottoni 2012:84 [ref. 31900], Ottoni 2013:166 [ref. 32901], Říčan et al. 2016:28 [ref. 34357], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561], Lucena et al. 2022:65 [ref. 39823], Loureiro et al. 2023:162 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Australoheros acaroides (Hensel 1870). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos basin and coastal streams draining to the Laguna Mirím, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

acherontos, Retroculus Landim [M. I.], Moreira [C. A.] & Figueiredo [C. A.] 2015:371, Figs. 1A, 2-8A [Zootaxa 3973 (no. 2); ref. 33850] Goiás, Rio Tocantins basin, Rio das Almas, tributary of left margin of Rio Maranhão, Brazil, 14˚37′51.2″S, 49˚1'56.6″W. Holotype: MZUSP 85824. Paratypes: AMNH, MZUSP, NRM. •Valid as Retroculus acherontos Landim, Moreira & Figueiredo 2015. Current status: Valid as Retroculus acherontos Landim, Moreira & Figueiredo 2015. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

acidens, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1967:73, Fig. 13 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 7965] Kisumu Kavirondo Gulf, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Kenya. Holotype: BMNH 1966.2.21.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1911.3.3.20-21 (2), 1966.3.9.107-121 (15?). •Valid as Haplochromis acidens Greenwood 1967 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:101 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis acidens Greenwood 1967. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

acora, Chromys Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:17, Pl. 9 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Lakes of the Rio Araguaia, Brazil. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1978:44 [ref. 20862]. Originally as Chromys?? acora. Original genus should have been Chromis. •Valid as Mesonauta acora (Castelnau 1855) -- (Kullander & Silfvergrip 1991:424 [ref. 16014], Schindler 1998:10 [ref. 23480], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:638 [ref. 27061], Schindler & Ottoni 2016:84 [ref. 34465]). Current status: Valid as Mesonauta acora (Castelnau 1855). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Araguaia drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

acrensis, Apistogramma Staeck [W.] 2003:10, Figs. [Cichliden-Lexikon Teil 3; ref. 27488] Lake at the entry the Rio Acre, about 25 kilometers from the city Rio Branco, Brazil. Holotype: MTD F 27040. Paratypes: MTD F 27041(1), F 27485-86 (2); NMW (2); ZMB 33914 (2). Other paratypes in Vienna and Berlin. Type catalog: Zarske 2003:28 [ref. 27474], Paepke & Schindler 2013:261 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Apistogramma acrensis Staeck 2003 -- (Römer et al. 2004:30 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:392 [ref. 28970], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Staeck 2017:26 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma acrensis Staeck 2003. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Acre basin, Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

acuticeps, Chromis Steindachner [F.] 1866:764, Pl. 15 (fig. 3) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 18789] Angola. Lectotype: NMW 32877. Paralectotypes: NMW 32875-76, 78 (3). Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1992:39 [ref. 21075]. •Valid as Haplochromis acuticeps (Steindachner 1866) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:102 [ref. 20956]). •Valid as Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner 1866) -- (Greenwood 1992:39 [ref. 21075], Skelton 1993:301 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:301 [ref. 27406], Marshall 2011:214 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:91 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564], Munene et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39283]). Current status: Valid as Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner 1866). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central and southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

acuticeps, Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:394 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Manaus, Brazil. Holotype: NMW 23429. Paratypes: ? NMW 23430 (1). •Valid as Geophagus acuticeps Heckel 1840 -- (Gosse 1976:60 [ref. 7029]). •Valid as Satanoperca acuticeps (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:642 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:130, 189 [ref. 35004], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[27] [ref. 35679], Silvano et al. 2020:357 [ref. 38134]). Current status: Valid as Satanoperca acuticeps (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

acuticeps, Lichnochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:117 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1935.6.14.2283. •Valid as Lichnochromis acuticeps Trewavas 1935 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:255 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:241 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:166 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Lichnochromis acuticeps Trewavas 1935. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

acuticeps, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:146, Fig. 19 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] North of Mvunguti, Malawi, Lake Malawi. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 64192 [ex RUSI 74-162]. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 64192 [ex RUSI 74-162] (7). •Valid as Placidochromis acuticeps Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:407 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis acuticeps Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

acutirostris, Crenicichla Günther [A.] 1862:307 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Amazon River basin, Brazil. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1853.3.19.46. •Valid as Crenicichla acutirostris Günther 1862 -- (Kullander 1997:284 [ref. 22746], Ploeg 1991:62 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], Kullander & Lucena 2013:150 [ref. 32675], Mattos et al. 2014:37 [ref. 33306], Varella & Ito 2018:11 [ref. 35884]). •Valid as Lugubria acutirostris (Günther 1862) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Lugubria acutirostris (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

acutirostris, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:180, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922 (pt 1) (no. 9); ref. 3675] Bunjako, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.5.30.263. Paralectotypes: (3) BMNH 1912.10.15.65-66 (2 or 3). Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1962:155 [ref. 5925]. •Synonym of Haplochromis serranus (Pfeffer 1896) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:174 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Synonym of Haplochromis serranus (Pfeffer 1896). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

acutirostris, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:161, Fig. 26 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] Wissman Bay, Tanzania, Lake Malawi, depth 53-61 meters. Holotype: MRAC 99-41-P-3901. Paratypes: MRAC 99-41-P-3902-04 (3), 99-41-P-3905-08 (4). •Valid as Placidochromis acutirostris Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:407 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis acutirostris Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

acutum, Cichlasoma Miller [N.] 1907:117, Fig. 6 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 23 (art. 2); ref. 15160] Río Tenedores, Río Motagua basin, Guatemala. Holotype: IU 11186. Paratypes: FMNH 56186 (1), NMW 84455-56 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:25 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Cichlasoma robertsoni Regan 1905 -- (Conkel 1993:94 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Amphilophus robertsoni (Regan 1905) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:611 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Cribroheros robertsoni (Regan 1905). Current status: Synonym of Cribroheros robertsoni (Regan 1905). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

adoketa, Nannacara Kullander [S. O.] & Prada-Pedreros [S.] 1993:359, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 21108] Tributary of Paraná Atauí, in the middle Rio Negro, Igarapé do Cumaru, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 44685. Paratypes: NRM 27058 (1). •Valid as Nannacara adoketa Kullander & Prada-Pedreros 1993 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:639 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:168 [ref. 27488]). •Valid as Ivanacara adoketa (Kullander & Prada-Pedreros 1993) -- (Römer & Hahn 2006:1190 [ref. 28965], Staeck 2017:251 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Ivanacara adoketa (Kullander & Prada-Pedreros 1993). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Middle Negro River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

adolfi, Tilapia Steindachner [F.] 1915:82 [24] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 92; ref. 15072] Mukondokwa River, near Kilosa, Tanzania. Lectotype: NMW 24782. Paralectotypes: NMW 24783 (1). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Tilapia adolfi Steindachner 1909, replaced by Tilapia hornorum Trewavas 1966. Lectotype designation not established, not selected here. •Synonym of Oreochromis urolepis (Norman 1922), subspecies hornorum (Trewavas 1966) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:343 [ref. 20954]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis urolepis (Norman 1922). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

adolfi, Tilapia Steindachner [F.] 1909:443 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 46 (no. 26) (for 9 Dec. 1909); ref. 18810] Lake Tanganyika. Lectotype: NMW 24777-1. Paralectotypes: (several) NMW 24775-76 (1, 1), 24777-81 (2, 1, 1, 1, 1). Not the same as Tilapia adolfi Steindachner 1915. Lectotype selected by Van Steenberge et al. 2015:33 [ref. 35550]. •Synonym of Simochromis diagramma (Günther 1894) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:454 [ref. 20946], Van Steenberge et al. 2015:33 [ref. 35550]). Current status: Synonym of Simochromis diagramma (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

adolphifrederici, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1914:254, Pl. 6 [Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition, 1907-1908 v. 5 (Zool. no. 3); ref. 582] Lake Kivu. Holotype (unique): ZMB 19109. Originally as Adolphi-frederici, correction mandatory. •Valid as Haplochromis adolphifrederici (Boulenger 1914) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:102 [ref. 20956], Snoeks 1994:46 [ref. 21588]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis adolphifrederici (Boulenger 1914). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Kivu. Habitat: freshwater.

adspersa, Acara Günther [A.] 1862:282 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Barbados, West Indies. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1961.7.7.1. •Synonym of Cichlasoma tetracanthus (Valenciennes 1831) -- (Conkel 1993:131 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Nandopsis tetracanthus (Valenciennes 1831) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:639 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Nandopsis tetracanthus (Valenciennes 1831). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

adspersa, Crenicichla Heckel [J. J.] 1840:421 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. No types known. •Valid as Crenicichla adspersa Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander 1997:285 [ref. 22746], Ploeg 1991:64 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004]). •Valid as Lugubria adspersa (Heckel 1840) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Lugubria adspersa (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Guaporé River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

aelocephalus, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1959:214, Fig. 12 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 5 (no. 7); ref. 20616] Igwe Island, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1958.1.16.244. Paratypes: BMNH 1958.1.16.215 (1), .216 (1), .217 (1), .218-224 (7), .225-228 (4), .229-231 (3), .232-233 (2), .234-235 (2), 243 (1). •Valid as Haplochromis aelocephalus Greenwood 1959 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:103 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis aelocephalus Greenwood 1959. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

aeneocolor, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1973:150, Figs. 4-5 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 25 (no. 5); ref. 7566] Northeastern shore of Lake George, near Mpanga River mouth, Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1972.6.2.43. Paratypes: BMNH 1972.6.2.44-50 (7), 1972.6.2.52-54 (3), .55-63 (9), .64-67 (4), .68-72 (5), .73-79 (7). Additional material: BMNH 1972.6.2.81-84 (4). •Valid as Haplochromis aeneocolor Greenwood 1973 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:103 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis aeneocolor Greenwood 1973. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake George and Kazinga Channel; introduced to Ituri River drainage, Congo basin. Habitat: freshwater.

aeneus, Diplotaxodon Turner [G. F.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1998:246, Fig. 6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 23318] Northeast of Nkhata Bay, offshore at 11°34'S, 34°35'E, Lake Malawi. Holotype: BMNH 1996.4.30.16. Paratypes: BMNH 1996.4.30.17-20 (4); PSU 3026 (1). •Valid as Diplotaxodon aeneus Turner & Stauffer 1998 -- (Turner et al. 2004:232 [ref. 28114], Konings 2016:392 [ref. 34521], Stauffer & Konings 2021:283 [ref. 38048]). Current status: Valid as Diplotaxodon aeneus Turner & Stauffer 1998. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

aequatorialis, Tilapia Roman [B.] 1971:7, Fig. 2 [Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada Barcelona v. 49 [1970]; ref. 7780] Miyogo River, affluent of Monyoga, Yang, Muni River, Republic of Equatorial Guinea. Holotype: MCSBCN. Paratypes: (11) MRAC 164709-10 (2). •Synonym of Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell 1852, subspecies nigripinnis (Guichenot 1861) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:435 [ref. 20954]). •Synonym of Sarotherodon nigripinnis subspecies nigripinnis (Guichenot 1861). Current status: Synonym of Sarotherodon nigripinnis (Guichenot 1861). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

aequifasciata, Symphysodon discus var. Pellegrin [J.] 1904:250 [Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France v. 16 (nos 2-4); ref. 3419] Santarém, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN 1902-0130. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1902-0134 (1) Tefé, 0135 (1) Tefé. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:222 [ref. 20868]. Symphysodon is masculine, aequifasciata is apparently an adjective; it should be aequifasciatus. Lectotype designation by Géry & Bleher 2005:135 [ref. 29228] invalid as the specimen is not clearly identified (either MNHN 1902-0134 or 1902-0135); perhaps confused in Bleher et al. 2007:172 [ref. 29227]. See errata in v. 13 (no. 1):42. Ready et. al. 2006:207 [ref. 29520] selected MNHN 1902-0130 as lectotype. See also discussion in Bleher & Bailey 2011:1306 [ref. 31397]. •Valid as Symphysodon aequifasciata Pellegrin 1904 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:226 [ref. 12439], Fuller et al. 1999:447 [ref. 25838]). •Valid as Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin 1904 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:642 [ref. 27061], Bleher et al. 2007:162 [ref. 29227], Ready et al. 2006:200 [ref. 29520], Bleher 2011:1287 [ref. 31397], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35633], Amado et al. 2011:13 [ref. 38953]). Current status: Valid as Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin 1904. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: eastern Amazon River basin, Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

aequinoctialis, Acara Regan [C. T.] 1905:337 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 15 (no. 88) (art. 42); ref. 3623] Western Ecuador. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.6.15.13-16 (4); ZMB (2). Additional material: ?BMNH (2) Rio Vinces, Ecuador. This species is an objective junior synonym of Andinocara rivulatus (Günther 1860). •Synonym of Aequidens rivulatus (Günther 1860) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:609 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther 1860) -- (Schindler & Morgenstern 2010 [ref. 31245], Wijkmark et al. 2012:124 [ref. 32299]). Current status: Synonym of Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther 1860). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

aequipinnis, Apistogramma Ahl [E.] 1938:246 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 123 (nos 10/12); ref. 17127] Argentina (probably). Holotype (unique): ZMB 23409. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. Type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:261 [ref. 32895]. also described in Mitsch-Königsdörfer (ex Ahl) 1938:180 [ref. 27241]. •Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:13, 21 [ref. 27488], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:47 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

afer, Hemichromis Günther [A.] 1894:626, Pl. 57 (fig. B) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893 (pt 4); ref. 2018] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1893.1.17.7 (1), 1893.1.17.8 (1). •Valid as Cynotilapia afra (Günther 1893) -- (Maréchal 1991:67 [ref. 20944], Tawil 2011:202 [ref. 31667], Konings 2016:73 [ref. 34521], Li et al. 2016:379 [ref. 34737]). Current status: Valid as Cynotilapia afra (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Heros Günther [A.] 1862:292 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Lake Petén [Petén Itza], Guatemala. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.26.83-86 (4). •Valid as Cichlasoma affine (Günther 1862) -- (Miller & Taylor 1984:937 [ref. 6809], Gamboa Pérez 1992:322 [ref. 38704], Conkel 1993:173 [ref. 22949], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Thorichthys affinis (Günther 1862) -- (Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:644 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:376 [ref. 28615], Chakrabarty 2007:22 [ref. 29359], Allgayer 2010:27 [ref. 31541], Page et al. 2013:157 [ref. 32708], Barrientos et al. 2015:4 [ref. 37653], McMahan et al. 2015:227 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:39 [ref. 34357], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35275]). Current status: Valid as Thorichthys affinis (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Atlantic Slope of Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Julidochromis regani Brichard [P.] 1978:184, 3 figs. [Fishes of Lake Tanganyika; ref. 31631] Lake Tanganyika. No types known. Available from photographs and minimum diagnosis (distinguished from regani) as a subspecies. •Synonym of Julidochromis regani Poll 1942, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Brichard 1989:312 [ref. 20697]). Current status: Synonym of Julidochromis regani Poll 1942. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Tilapia Duméril [A. H. A.] 1861:255 [Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 10 [for 1858]; ref. 1149] Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4418 (2). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:222 [ref. 20868]. For authorship problems see account of Chromis guineensis. •Questionably as a synonym of Tilapia guineensis (Günther 1862) -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:489 [ref. 20943], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:758 [ref. 21590]). •Synonym of Coptodon guineensis (Günther 1862) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Synonym of Coptodon guineensis (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

agassizii, Geophagus (Mesops) Steindachner [F.] 1875:111 [51], Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 71 (1. Abth.); ref. 4220] Curupira, Codajas, Rio Poti de São Joao, Lago Maximo, and Lago Manacapuru, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 23484. Paralectotypes: (many) MCZ 16029 (3); MSNG 7685 [ex NMW] (1); NMW 23507-10 (1, 1, 1, 1), 23519-29 (11 now 8), 23431-33 (2), 23446-48 (2), 23478-83 (5), 23552 (1), 23712-20 (1 ea.); ZSM 6086 [ex NMW 23519-529] (3 now 2, 1 missing). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:340 [ref. 10350], Neumann 2011:249 [ref. 31652]. On p. 51 of separate. Lectotype selected by Kullander 1980:89 [ref. 5526]. •Valid as Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner 1875) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:189 [ref. 12439], Römer 1994:10 [ref. 21306], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:611 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:13 [ref. 27488], Römer 2006:398 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2011:330 [ref. 31674], Römer & Hahn 2013:176 [ref. 32902], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Melo et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34701], Staeck 2017:28 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma agassizii (Steindachner 1875). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

aguadae, Cichlasoma urophthalmus Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:270, Pl. 14 (fig. 7) [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] Aguada at Tuxpeña, interior Campeche, about 90 kilometers south, and 40 kilometers east of Champoton, Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype (unique): UMMZ 64477. •Valid as Cichlasoma aguadae Hubbs 1936 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:621 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Valid as Mayaheros aguadae (Hubbs 1936) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Mayaheros aguadae (Hubbs 1936). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Atlantic slope, Tuxpeña, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

aguarico, Apistogramma Römer [U.] & Hahn [I.] 2013:172, Figs. 1-5 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 63 (no. 2); ref. 32902] Rio Napo System, laguna (ca. 9°47'S, 75°57'W), connected to Rio Lagartococha, about 25 km upstream from confluence with rio Aguarco, Ecuador. Holotype: FMNH 101588. Paratypes: FMNH 117725 (3), 117726 (4); MTD F 32379 (1), •Valid as Apistogramma aguarico Römer & Hahn 2013. Current status: Valid as Apistogramma aguarico Römer & Hahn 2013. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Napo system, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

ahli, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:86, 101 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Near Langenburg, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): ZMB 22708. Replacement name for Haplochromis serranoides Ahl 1926, preoccupied by Haplochromis serranoides Regan 1922. •Valid as Sciaenochromis ahli (Trewavas 1935) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:231 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:440 [ref. 20944], Konings 1993:30 [ref. 21304], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:300 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:268 [ref. 34521]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Sciaenochromis ahli (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

akika, Haplochromis Lippitsch [E.] 2003:91, Fig. 3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 1); ref. 26761] Lake George, "close inshore, near reeds, in a bay of Akika Island", Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1972.6.2.786. Paratypes: BMNH 1972.6.2:784-785 (2), 1972.6.2:787 (1). Original genus as 'Haplochromis'. •Valid as 'Haplochromis' akika Lippitsch 2003 -- (Schraml & Tichy 2010:82 [ref. 30895]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis akika Lippitsch 2003. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake George, Uganda. Habitat: freshwater.

alacrina, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 2004:41, Figs. 1-5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 27650] Río Ariari, Río Guaviare drainage, roadside pond on eastern side of road from Vista Hermosa to San Martín, 4.9 kilometers north of Campo Alegre and 6.2 kilometers north of Vista Hermosa, Meta, Colombia. Holotype: UF 33670. Paratypes: CAS 50638 (9); ICNMNHN 6735 (2); UF 128785 (2), 33687 (2), 33717 (23), NRM 27040 (2), 33375 (6), 36102 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma alacrina Kullander 2004 -- (Römer et al. 2004:29 [ref. 34102], Römer 2006:404 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2011:331 [ref. 31674], Mesa S. & Lasso 2011:104 [ref. 31958], Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:31 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma alacrina Kullander 2004. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco river basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

albertianus, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1929:389 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 16); ref. 16056] Lake Albert [Lake Albert Nyanza]. Syntypes: BMNH 1929.1.24.318-333 (about 30); MRAC 47985 (1). •Valid as Thoracochromis albertianus (Regan 1929) -- (Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367]). •Valid as Haplochromis albertianus Regan 1929 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:103 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis albertianus Regan 1929. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East central Africa: Lake Albert. Habitat: freshwater.

albimarginatus, Divandu Lamboj [A.] & Snoeks [J.] 2000:356, Figs. 1-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 25078] Mpoulou, Republic of the Congo. Holotype: MRAC 95-125-P-0569. Paratypes: MRAC 91-79-P-331-333 (3), 91-79-P-340-358 (19, 1 c&s), 91-92-P-290-291 (2), 92-125-P-0568 (1), 92-125-P-0570-0571 (2), 94-032-P-0080 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Divandu albimarginatus Lamboj & Snoeks 2000 -- (Stiassny et al. 2007:279 [ref. 30045], Lamboj 2009:47 [ref. 30314], Fermon et al. 2022:246 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Divandu albimarginatus Lamboj & Snoeks 2000. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon and Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

albini, Ectodus Steindachner [F.] 1909:427 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 46 (no. 25) (for 2 Dec. 1909); ref. 18814] Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: (4) NMW (not found). •Valid as Enantiopus albini (Steindachner 1909) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:85 [ref. 20946]). •Valid as Xenotilapia albini (Steindachner 1909). •Possibly a synonym of Enantiopus melanogenys (Boulenger 1898) Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

albolabris, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] & Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1969:237, Pl. 13; Figs. 1-2 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 66; ref. 7854] Cunene River, Matala, 14°43'S, 15°04'E, Angola. Holotype: ZMH H1784. Paratypes: NRM 15248 (1), 7151 (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:160 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Haplochromis albolabris Trewavas & Thys van den Audenaerde 1969 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:103 [ref. 20956]). •Valid as Thoracochromis albolabris (Trewavas & Thys van den Audenaerde 1969) -- (Greenwood 1984:197 [ref. 5311], Skelton 1993:302 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:302 [ref. 27406], Skelton 2019:237 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Thoracochromis albolabris (Trewavas & Thys van den Audenaerde 1969). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola and Namibia. Habitat: freshwater.

albopunctata, Crenicichla saxatilis var. Pellegrin [J.] 1904:374 [Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France v. 16 (nos 2-4); ref. 3419] Maka Creek, 10 kilometers south of Stoelmanseiland, Lara River, Marowijne River system, French Guiana. Lectotype: MNHN 1898-0059 [4898-59]. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-4083 (1), A-9498 (2), A-9502 (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:207-208 [ref. 20868]. Lectotype selected by Ploeg 1986:224 [ref. 23087]. Paralectotypes are probably Saxatilia saxatilis (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Crenicichla albopunctata Pellegrin 1904 -- (Ploeg 1986:224 [ref. 23087], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:216 [ref. 14136], Ploeg 1991:20 [ref. 20196], Keith et al. 2000:166 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35777], Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320], Borstein et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39507]). •Valid as Saxatilia albopunctata (Pellegrin 1904) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Saxatilia albopunctata (Pellegrin 1904). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Northern South America: French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

alborum, Cichlasoma urophthalmus Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:268, Pl. 13 (fig. 3) [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] Río Usumacinta at Montecristo, Tobasco, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 50501. Paratypes: USNM 50498-500 (1, 1, 1), 50502-03 (1, 1). •Valid as Cichlasoma alborum Hubbs 1936 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:621 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Valid as Mayaheros alborus (Hubbs 1936) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34357]). •Synonym of Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (Barrientos-Villalobos et al. 2018:276 [ref. 35933]). Current status: Synonym of Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

albus, Lethrinops Regan [C. T.] 1922:719 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921 (pt 4) (no. 36); ref. 3673] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1897.6.9.270. •Valid as Lethrinops albus Regan 1922 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:132 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:233 [ref. 20944], Ngatunga & Snoeks 2004:260 [ref. 28115], Konings 2016:379 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Lethrinops albus Regan 1922. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

alcalica, Tilapia Hilgendorf [F. M.] 1905:407 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 15364] Ndadalani at the Nguruman Salt Lake [now Lake Natron], Tanzania. Lectotype: ZMB 16337 (40.5 mm). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1905.7.25.29-31 (now 4), ZMB 31905 [ex ZMB 16377] (4). Lectotype selected by Seegers & Tichy 1999:103 [ref. 23790]. •Valid as Alcolapia alcalica (Hilgendorf 1905) -- (Seegers et al. 2003:42 [ref. 28087] as alcalicus, Seegers 2008:154 [ref. 29830]). •Valid as Oreochromis alcalicus (Hilgendorf 1905), valid subspecies alcalicus -- (Trewavas 1982:12 [ref. 39521]). •Valid as Oreochromis alcalicus (Hilgendorf 1905) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:307 [ref. 20954], Seegers & Tichy 1999:101 [ref. 23790], Ford et al. 2019:223 [ref. 36713]). Current status: Valid as Oreochromis alcalicus (Hilgendorf 1905). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East Africa: Tanzania and Kenya. Habitat: freshwater.

aletes, Otopharynx Oliver [M. K.] 2018:180, Figs. 2D, 9 [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History v. 59 (no. 2); ref. 36257] Off Bua Point, central region of Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, about 12°45'21"S, 34°17'07"E - 12°44'24"S, 34°16'34"E, depth more than 55 meters. Holotype: YPM ICH 031030. Paratypes: YPM. •Valid as Otopharynx aletes Oliver 2018. Current status: Valid as Otopharynx aletes Oliver 2018. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central region of Lake Malaŵi, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

alfari, Cichlasoma Meek [S. E.] 1907:148 [Field Columbian Museum, Zoölogical Series v. 7 (no. 5); ref. 15159] Turrialba, Costa Rica. Holotype: FMNH 6032. Paratypes: FMNH 6033 (3, plus 1 outside size range given in orig. descr.). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:25 [ref. 12367]. Gilbert & Kelso 1971:36 [ref. 7678] emended the specific name to alfaroi stating name was for Dr. A. Alfaro, but that spelling apparently has not been adopted by subsequent workers. •Valid as Cichlasoma alfari Meek 1907 -- (Bussing 1987:188 [ref. 22927], Conkel 1993:87 [ref. 22949]). •Valid as Astatheros alfari (Meek 1907) -- (Bussing 1998:318 [ref. 24179]). •Valid as Amphilophus alfari (Meek 1907) -- (Loiselle 1997:2 [ref. 23115], Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:609 [ref. 27061], Matamoros et al. 2009:20 [ref. 31241], Angulo et al. 2013:1004 [ref. 33194]). •Valid as Cribroheros alfari (Meek 1907) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:23 [ref. 34357], Angulo et al. 2023:51 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Cribroheros alfari (Meek 1907). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Atlantic slope of Hondurus to Costa Rica (Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua). Habitat: freshwater.

alleni, Tilapia Fowler [H. W.] 1931:238, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 83; ref. 1409] Botletle River at Maun, Bechuanaland [Botswana]. Holotype (unique): ANSP 53193. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:321 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

allpahuayo, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Beninde [J.], Duponchelle [F.], Díaz [A. V.], Ortega [H.], Hahn [I.], Soares [D. P.], Cachay [C. D.], Dávila [C. R. G.], Cornejo [S. S.] & Renno [J.-F.] 2012:191, Figs. 1-7, 9, 12-14, 18 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32047] Small lake with a small effluent brook, ca. 29 km south of Iquitos, about 2 km west of the road from Iquitos to Nauta, Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo Mishana, 3°59'11.1"S, 73°25'51.4"W, Loreto Peru. Holotype: MUSM 40593. Paratypes: CAS, MTD, MUSM. •Valid as Apistogramma allpahuayo Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, Díaz, Ortega, Hahn, Soares, Cachay, Dávila, Cornejo & Renno 2012 -- (Römer et al. 2017:153 [ref. 35309], Staeck 2017:33 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma allpahuayo Römer, Beninde, Duponchelle, Díaz, Ortega, Hahn et al. 2012. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Nanay system (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

alluaudi, Astatoreochromis Pellegrin [J.] 1904:385 [Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France v. 16 (nos 2-4); ref. 3419] Kavirondo Bay, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Lectotype: MNHN 1904-0137. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1904.6.281 [ex MNHN] (1) Kavirondo; MNHN 1904-0138 to 139 (2). Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1959:167 [ref. 20615]. •Valid as Astatoreochromis alluaudi Pellegrin 1904 -- (Greenwood 1959:167 [ref. 20615], Greenwood 1965:349 [ref. 20617], Greenwood 1973:224 [ref. 7566], van Oijen & Snoeks 1991:9 [ref. 20949], Poll & Gosse 1995:251, 273 [ref. 24781], Seegers et al. 2003:43 [ref. 28087], Schraml 2004:43 [ref. 27925], Kullander & Roberts 2012:362 [ref. 31751], Banyankimbona et al. 2013:10 [ref. 38173], Akoth et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40069]). Current status: Valid as Astatoreochromis alluaudi Pellegrin 1904. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East African lakes (Edward, Victoria, Kyoga, George, Nakavali and Kachira) and associated rivers and streams; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

alpha, Otopharynx Oliver [M. K.] 2018:164, Figs. 2A, 3, 4 [Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History v. 59 (no. 2); ref. 36257] Nankumba Peninsula, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, about 14°01'45"S, 34°49'43"E, depth 9 meters. Holotype: YPM ICH 031028. Paratypes: YPM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Otopharynx alpha Oliver 2018. Current status: Valid as Otopharynx alpha Oliver 2018. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central part of the southeast arm, Lake Malaŵi, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

alta, Crenicichla Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:516, Pl. 68 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Gluck Island, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53777 [ex CM 2274a]. Paratypes: (78) BMNH 1911.10.31.11 and 12 (1, 1), 1911.10.31.13-14 (2); CAS [ex IU 12455] (14), CAS 78954-56 [ex 12434-36] (8 now 3, 4 now 1, 8 now 4), 78961 [ex 12443] (2, now 1); FMNH 7546 (1), 53758 (3), 53759 (orig. 6, now 4), 53762-71 (4, 5, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2), 53896 (3); MCZ 30134 (1); NMW 32873 (1); USNM 66165 (1); CAS-SU 21780 (1); ZMA 100244 (1); ZMB 18085 (1); plus more at CAS [ex IU]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:95 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:81 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:87 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367], Paepke & Schindler 2013:267 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Crenicichla alta Eigenmann 1912 -- (Ploeg 1991:21 [ref. 20196], Isbrücker 2002:35 [ref. 29552], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35773], Varella et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35777]). •Valid as Saxatilia alta (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Saxatilia alta (Eigenmann 1912). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins, Brazil, Colombia and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

alta, Lethrinops Trewavas [E.] 1931:146, Fig. 5a [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 7 (no. 37); ref. 16339] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1930.1.31.102. •Valid as Lethrinops altus Trewavas 1931 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:125 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:233 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:383 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Lethrinops altus Trewavas 1931. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

alticodia, Labeotropheus Pauers [M. J.] & Phiri [T. B.] 2023:266, Fig. 2 [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 111 (no. 2); ref. 40202] Maleri Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, -13.9089591, 34.6260792. Holotype: SAIAB 211372. Paratypes: FMNH, MPM, SAIAB. •Valid as Labeotropheus alticodia Pauers & Phiri 2023. •Synonym of Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl 1926 -- (Konings 2024:14 [ref. 40862]). Current status: Synonym of Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl 1926. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

altifrons, Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:385, Pl. 29 (figs. 21-25) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Manaus, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 17007-08 (2). •Synonym of Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Gosse 1976:25 [ref. 7029]). •Valid as Geophagus altifrons Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:632 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Lucinda et al. 2010:42 [ref. 30771], Kottelat 2013:374 [ref. 32989], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745] as cf. altifrons, Deprá et al. 2014:745 [ref. 33631], Silvano et al. 2020:349 [ref. 38134], Ximenes et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38836], Koerber et al. 2022:71 [ref. 39235], Chuctaya et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39723]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus altifrons Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador); introduced in Singapore. Habitat: freshwater.

altifrons, Heros Kner [R.] 1863:223, "Fig. 4" (unpublished) [Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 1863, v. 2; ref. 5002] Panama. Syntypes: NMW 21204 [ex ZSM] (1), ZMS no. 19, 135, 195 [old collection] destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:270 [ref. 28925]. Also appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner 1864:11, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [ref. 2649] from Colombia and Panama. •Valid as Cichlasoma altifrons (Kner 1863) -- (Bussing 1987:190 [ref. 22927], Conkel 1993:88 [ref. 22949]). •Valid as Astatheros altifrons (Kner 1863) -- (Bussing 1998:322 [ref. 24179]). •Valid as Amphilophus altifrons (Kner 1863) -- (Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:610 [ref. 27061], Angulo et al. 2013:1004 [ref. 33194]). •Valid as Cribroheros altifrons (Kner 1863) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:23 [ref. 34357], Angulo et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37425]). Current status: Valid as Cribroheros altifrons (Kner 1863). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Pacific slope of Costa Rica to Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

altigenis, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:175, Pl. 1 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922 (pt 1) (no. 9); ref. 3675] Bujako, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.5.30.294. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1906.5.30.295 (1). Additional material: BMNH (1). Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1967:60 [ref. 7965]. •Valid as Haplochromis altigenis Regan 1922 -- (Greenwood 1967:60 [ref. 7965], van Oijen et al. 1991:104 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis altigenis Regan 1922. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

altispinosa, Crenicara Haseman [J. D.] 1911:344, Pl. 58 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (18); ref. 12510] Río Mamoré, below mouth of Río Guaporé, San Joaquin, Bolivia. Holotype: FMNH 54090 [ex CM 2639a]. Paratypes: (9) FMNH 54091-92 (1, 6). Type catalog: Henn 1928:95 [ref. 12305] as CM 2439, Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Mikrogeophagus altispinosa (Haseman 1911) -- (Lasso et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25928]). •Valid as Papiliochromis altispinosa (Haseman 1911) -- (Staeck 2003:184 [ref. 27488]). •Valid as Mikrogeophagus altispinosus (Haseman 1911) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:639 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Staeck 2017:272 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[27] [ref. 35679], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Staeck et al. 2022:49 [ref. 39588]). Current status: Valid as Mikrogeophagus altispinosus (Haseman 1911). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Bolivia and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

altoflavus, Cryptoheros Allgayer [R.] 2001:16, 3 figs. (unnumbered) [L'an Cichlidé v. 1; ref. 26904] Rio Carñaveral, (Rio Caño), Province Bocas del Toro, Panama. Holotype: MNHN 2001-1163. Paratypes: (6) MNHN 2001-1164 to 2001-1167 (4), MHNG 2372.59 (2). •Valid as Archocentrus altoflavus (Allgayer 2001) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Cryptoheros altoflavus Allgayer 2001 [in subgenus Bussingius] -- (Schmitter-Soto 2007:43 [ref. 29310]). •Valid as Amatitlania altoflava (Allgayer 2001) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:34 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Amatitlania altoflava (Allgayer 2001). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Atlantic slope in Cañaveral River basin and Cricamola River, Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

altum, Pterophyllum Pellegrin [J.] 1903:124 [5] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 15037] Atabapo, Río Orinoco, Venezuela. Syntypes: BMNH 1904.6.28.2-3 [ex MNHN] (2); MHNLR P.261 (1); MNHN 1887-0571 to 0574 (4), 1887-0579 and 0580 (5, 5) Type catalog: Blanc 1962:220-221 [ref. 20868], Aloncle 1968:687-688 [ref. 20713]. On p. 5 of separate. •Valid as Pterophyllum altum Pellegrin 1903 -- (Keith et al. 2000:208 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:641 [ref. 27061], Schindler 2003:84 [ref. 27489], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Pterophyllum altum Pellegrin 1903. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Diplotaxodon Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], Phiri [T. B.] & Konings [A. F.] 2018:91, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 131 (no. 1); ref. 35882] Offshore of Chipoka, Lake Malawi, 13.878319°S, 34.739389°E, depth 40-80 meters. Holotype: PSU 12501. Paratypes: PSU, SAIAB. •Valid as Diplotaxodon altus Stauffer, Phiri & Konings 2018 -- (Stauffer & Konings 2021:283 [ref. 38048]). Current status: Valid as Diplotaxodon altus Stauffer, Phiri & Konings 2018. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Serranochromis Winemiller [K. O.] & Kelso-Winemiller [L. C.] 1991:676, Figs. 1, 6 [Copeia 1991 (no. 3); ref. 19767] West bank of Zambezi River west of Mongu, 15°15'56"S, 22°55'36"E, Western Province, Zambia. Holotype: USNM 308402. Paratypes: AMNH 90201 (2); BMNH 1990.6.12.1-2 (2); FMNH 99712 [ex TNHC] (2); TNHC 17444-45 (1, 1), 17447 (3), 17457-58 (1, 1); USNM 308403-04 (2, 5). •Valid as Serranochromis altus Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller 1991 -- (Skelton 1993:312 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:312 [ref. 27406], Marshall 2011:227 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:96 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564], Stauffer et al. 2021:82 [ref. 38061]). Current status: Valid as Serranochromis altus Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller 1991. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

alvum, Serranochromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], Bills [R.] & Skelton [P. H.] 2021:69, Fig. 2 [Zootaxa 4908 (no. 1); ref. 38061] Cuito-Cuanavale bridge, Cuito River, Okavango River system, Angola, 15°10'16.4"S, 19°11'39.3"E. Holotype: SAIAB 186842. Paratypes: SAIAB 205219 (5). •Valid as Serranochromis alvum Stauffer, Bills & Skelton 2021. Current status: Valid as Serranochromis alvum Stauffer, Bills & Skelton 2021. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Okavango River system, Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

ama, Crenicichla Říčan [O.], Piálek [L.], Almirón [A. E.] & Casciotta [J.] 2023:42, Figs. 1A, 2, 4A [European Journal of Taxonomy v. 879; ref. 40289] Upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP20, Arroyo Piray Guazú basin, Paraná River basin, Misiones Province, Argentina, 26°26'34.1"S, 54°08'29.4"W. Holotype: MLP 11446. Paratypes: MLP. •Valid as Crenicichla ama Říčan, Piálek, Almirón & Casciotta 2023 -- (Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40368]). Current status: Valid as Crenicichla ama Říčan, Piálek, Almirón & Casciotta 2023. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Piray Guazú River drainage, Paraná River basin (Misiones, Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

amarillo, Amphilophus Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] & McKaye [K. R.] 2002:8, Fig. 4 [Cuadernos de investigación de la UCA, Universidad Centroamericana No. 12; ref. 27240] Lake Xiloá, 12°13.848'N, 86°19.387'W, Nicaragua, depth 3-10 meters. Holotype: PSU 3448.1. Paratypes: PSU 3448 (6). •Valid as Amphilophus amarillo Stauffer & McKaye 2002 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:610 [ref. 27061], McKaye et al. 2002:29 [ref. 27580], Stauffer et al. 2008:117 [ref. 29556], Recknagel et al. 2013:209 [ref. 32956], Říčan et al. 2016:37 [ref. 34357], Angulo et al. 2023:48 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Amphilophus amarillo Stauffer & McKaye 2002. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Lake Xiloá, Atlantic slope (Nicaragua) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

amarum, Cichlasoma urophthalmus Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:272, Fig. 1 [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] A salt or brackish water lagoon on Mujeres Island, off the eastern coast of Yucatán, near the tip of the peninsula. Holotype: USNM 50504. Paratypes: USNM 93425 (5). •Valid as Cichlasoma amarum Hubbs 1936 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:621 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Valid as Mayaheros amarus (Hubbs 1936) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Mayaheros amarus (Hubbs 1936). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Isla Mujeres of Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

amarus, Labrus Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:379, 383 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. No types known. Also appeared in Devincenzi 1925:303, 321; Devincenzi regarded as a synonym of Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnaeus 1758). •Synonym of Crenicichla scottii (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Lucena & Kullander 1992:131 [ref. 20004], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:631 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Varella et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Crenicichla scottii (Eigenmann 1907). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

amazonarum, Cichlasoma Kullander [S. O.] 1983:115, Pls. 5 (figs. 2-3), 6-7 [A revision of the South American cichlid genus Cichlasoma; ref. 8319] Little upstreams of Pebas, Sacarita del Tuyé, right bank tributary of the River Ampiyacu, Loreto, Peru. Holotype: NRM 39271. Paratypes: [There are discrepancies between published numbers and museum records.] Deposited at ANSP, BMNH 1983.11.18.12-17 (6), FMNH, IRSNB, MCZ, MHNG, MNHN, MPM, MZUSP, NMW, NRM, USNM, ZFMK and ZMA. Type catalog: Busse 1984:221 [ref. 28342], Walschaerts 1987:30-31 [ref. 20755], Provenzano et al. 1998:5-6 [ref. 24196], Herder et al. 2010:129 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Cichlasoma amazonarum Kullander 1983 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:335 [ref. 12439], Keith et al. 2000:214 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:621 [ref. 27061], Ottoni 2011:335 [ref. 31675], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745] as cf. amazonarum, Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:99 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Cichlasoma amazonarum Kullander 1983. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, ?Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

ambloplitoides, Apistogramma Fowler [H. W.] 1940:281, Fig. 63 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Ucayali River basin, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 68681. Paratypes: ANSP 68682 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander 1986:79 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

amoenus, Geophagus Cope [E. D.] 1872:250 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Holotype: ANSP (not found). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621] as no types at ANSP. •Nomen dubium -- (Kullander 1986:46 [ref. 12439]). •Species inquirenda in Apistogramma -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Apistogramma amoenus (Cope 1872) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:42 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Apistogramma amoena (Cope 1872) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Staeck 2003:16 [ref. 27488], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma amoena (Cope 1872). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

amphiacanthoides, Uaru Heckel [J. J.] 1840:331, Pl. 29 (figs. 13-16) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Negro, Amazon River, South America. Holotype (unique): NMW 24808. •Valid as Uaru amphiacanthoides Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:645 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:365 [ref. 38134]). Current status: Valid as Uaru amphiacanthoides Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

amphimelas, Tilapia Hilgendorf [F. M.] 1905:405 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 15364] Lake Manyara, east Africa. Syntypes: (2) ZMB 16373 (now 3). •Valid as Oreochromis amphimelas (Hilgendorf 1905) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:308 [ref. 20954], Ford et al. 2019:223 [ref. 36713]). Current status: Valid as Oreochromis amphimelas (Hilgendorf 1905). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Tanzanian lakes. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

amploris, Caquetaia Fowler [H. W.] 1945:133, Figs. 46-47 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia [probably Bodoquero River, near the town of Morelia]. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71722. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Petenia myersi Schultz 1944 -- (Burgess 2000:56 [ref. 24818]). •Synonym of Caquetaia myersi (Schultz 1944) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:619 [ref. 27061], Říčan et al. 2016:29 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Synonym of Caquetaia myersi (Schultz 1944). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ampullarostratus, Haplochromis Schraml [E.] 2004:31, Figs. [DCG-Informationen (Deutsche Cichliden-Gesellschaft) Sonderheft No. 3; ref. 27925] Lake Kachira at Lulagala, 0°36.360'S, 31°05.545'E, Uganda. Holotype: ZSM 29758. Paratypes: ZSM 29759 (5). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:250 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Haplochromis ampullarostratus Schraml 2004 -- (Schraml & Tichy 2010:82 [ref. 30895]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis ampullarostratus Schraml 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Kachira, Uganda. Habitat: freshwater.

anagenys, Exochochromis Oliver [M. K.] in Eccles & Trewavas 1989:186, Fig. 100 [Malawian cichlid fishes. The classification of some Haplochromine genera.; ref. 13547] Thumbi Island West, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], 14°01'00"S, 34°48'23"E, depth about 40-50 meters. Holotype: USNM 304657. Paratypes: USNM 304658 (1 or 3), 304659 (1); plus other material. Described in part from Oliver manuscript (thesis, 1984) and new material; authorship technically might also involve Eccles and Trewavas. •Valid as Exochochromis anagenys Oliver 1989 -- (Maréchal 1991:89 [ref. 20944] but with Oliver 1984 as author, Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:281 [ref. 28117]). Current status: Valid as Exochochromis anagenys Oliver 1989. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

anamiri, Crenicichla Ito [P. M. M.] & Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] 2015:471, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 33978] Pará, Itapuama, rio Xingu basin, rio Xingu below confluence with rio Iriri, Brazil, 3°36'31"S, 52°20'58"W. Holotype: INPA 46650. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Wallaciia anamiri (Ito & Rapp Py-Daniel 2015) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Wallaciia anamiri (Ito & Rapp Py-Daniel 2015). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

anaphyrmus, Haplochromis Burgess [W. E.] & Axelrod [H. R.] 1973:95, Fig. 7 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 7557] 3 miles southeast of Monkey Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 9 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 210699. •Valid as Maravichromis anaphyrmus (Burgess & Axelrod 1973) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:225 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:252 [ref. 20944]). •Valid as Mylochromis anaphyrmus (Burgess & Axelrod 1973) -- (Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:287 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:336 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Mylochromis anaphyrmus (Burgess & Axelrod 1973). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

andersonii, Chromys Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:14 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Okavango River, Botswana, southern Africa. Neotype: BMNH 1910.5.31.71. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1978:44 [ref. 20862]. Original genus should have been Chromis. Neotype designated by Trewavas 1966:414 [ref. 9082]. •Valid as Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861) -- (Trewavas 1981:42 [ref. 39520], Trewavas & Teugels 1991:309 [ref. 20954], Skelton 1993:327 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:327 [ref. 27406], Seegers et al. 2003:43 [ref. 28087], Marshall 2011:249 [ref. 31755], Kramer et al. 2016:unnumbered p. [ref. 34331], Bruton et al. 2018:88 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:246 [ref. 39448] with question). Current status: Valid as Oreochromis andersonii (Castelnau 1861). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

andersonii, Petrochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1901:13 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 8 (no. 43) (art. 3); ref. 14749] Albert Edward Nyanza [Lake Albert] [in error]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1906.9.7.48. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Oreochromis by Chromys andersonii Castelnau 1861. •Synonym of Tilapia tanganicae (Günther 1894) -- (Trewavas 1946:241 [ref. 35931]). •Synonym of Oreochromis tanganicae (Günther 1894) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:343 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis tanganicae (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

andreae, Chromis Günther [A.] 1864:492 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 3); ref. 13931] Lake Galilée, northern Israel. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.8.20.8-9 (3). •Synonym of Tilapia zillii (Gervais 1848) -- (Goren 1974:103 [ref. 7502], Krupp & Schneider 1989:400 [ref. 13651], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:507 [ref. 20943], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:757 [ref. 21590]). •Synonym of Coptodon zillii (Gervais 1848) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:329 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Coptodon zillii (Gervais 1848). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

angayuara, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] & Ferreira [E. J. G.] 2005:362, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 28385] Rio Trombetas right bank, below cachoeira Vira Mundo, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 24058. Paratypes: INPA 12645 (1), 12646 (1), 12647 (14); NRM 37028 (5). •Valid as Apistogramma angayuara Kullander & Ferreira 2005 -- (Römer 2006:414 [ref. 28970], Staeck 2017:35 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma angayuara Kullander & Ferreira 2005. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Trombetas River, Pará state, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

angiru, Australoheros Říčan [O.], Piálek [L.], Almirón [A. E.] & Casciotta [J. R.] 2011:15, Figs. 7-9 [Zootaxa No. 2982; ref. 31455] Rio Jacutinga, road BR 283 from Ceará to Concordia, rio Uruguai drainage, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 13937. Paratypes: MCP 12509 (1), 13011 (6), 13383 (6). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Australoheros angiru Říčan, Piálek, Almirón & Casciotta 2011 -- (Ottoni 2012:84 [ref. 31900], Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Říčan et al. 2016:28 [ref. 34357], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561], Říčan & Říčanová 2017:5 [ref. 35635], Reis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Australoheros angiru Říčan, Piálek, Almirón & Casciotta 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Iguaçu and upper and middle rio Uruguay basin (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

angolensis, Hemichromis Steindachner [F.] 1865:5 [Memorias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa Classe de Sciencias Mathematicas e Naturaes. Nova Serie. v. 3 (pt 2); ref. 21707] Angola, probably in the Cuanza basin [Duque de Bragança [now Calandula], at the Lucala River, Cuanza drainage, Angola.] Neotype: ZMB 22145. Type locality from de Brito Capella 1873 [ref. 17970]. Hemichromis angolae is an unjustified emendation (in ref. 17970). Type [MB [Lisbon Mus.] BC 3] lost, see Bell-Cross 1975:426 [ref. 6825]. Neotype designated by Lamboj & Koblmüller 2022:[13] [ref. 39796]. •Uncertain -- (Daget et al. 1991:544 [ref. 20942]). •Valid as Hemichromis angolensis Steindachner 1865 -- (Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564], Lamboj & Koblmüller 2022:[13] [ref. 39796]). Current status: Valid as Hemichromis angolensis Steindachner 1865. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern Africa: Cuanza, Zambezi and Okavango River basins. Habitat: freshwater.

angolensis, Sarotherodon Trewavas [E.] 1973:27, Pl. 1 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 25 (no. 1) (art. 2); ref. 7593] Quanza River at Cambambe, Angola. Holotype: BMNH 1911.6.1.140. Paratypes: ANSP 37976-81 (6); BMNH 1911.6.1.141-142 (2), 1911.6.1.143-147 (5); NMW 24679-683 (5); USNM 42323 (1), 42325 (6), 42327 (1), 42335 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Oreochromis angolensis (Trewavas 1973) -- (Trewavas 1981:42 [ref. 39520], Trewavas 1982:12 [ref. 39521], Trewavas & Teugels 1991:310 [ref. 20954], Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Oreochromis angolensis (Trewavas 1973). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

angulifer, Heros Günther [A.] 1862:298 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Río de Santa Isabel, Guatemala. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.26.60-61 (2). •Synonym of Cichlasoma intermedium (Günther 1862) -- (Conkel 1993:156 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Vieja intermedia (Günther 1862) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:646 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Theraps intermedius (Günther 1862) -- (McMahan et al. 2010:1299 [ref. 31111] as intermedia based on generic placement of intermedia). •Synonym of Chuco intermedium (Günther 1862). Current status: Synonym of Chuco intermedium (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

angusticeps, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1907:108 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 20 (no. 116) (art. 19); ref. 15136] Mossamedes, Angola and the Zambezi River. Syntypes: BMNH 1907.6.29.184-189 (6), 1907.6.29.198-203 (6). •Valid as Serranochromis angusticeps (Boulenger 1907) -- (Greenwood 1984:229 [ref. 5311], Skelton & Teugels 1991:442 [ref. 20962], Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller 1991:675 [ref. 19767], Skelton 1993:313 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:313 [ref. 27406], Marshall 2011:228 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:97 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564], Stauffer et al. 2021:83 [ref. 38061]). Current status: Valid as Serranochromis angusticeps (Boulenger 1907). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central and southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

angustifrons, Haplochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1914:256, Pl. 9 [Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition, 1907-1908 v. 5 (Zool. no. 3); ref. 582] Lake Edward, eastern Africa. Lectotype: ZMB 19118. Paralectotypes: (should be 55) BMNH 1914.4.8.25-28 (4); ZMB 19118 (2, with lectotype), 19120 (3), 21504 (43). Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1973:178 [ref. 7566]. •Valid as Haplochromis angustifrons Boulenger 1914 -- (Greenwood 1973:177 [ref. 7566], van Oijen et al. 1991:104 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis angustifrons Boulenger 1914. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lakes Edward and George. Habitat: freshwater.

annectens, Cyrtocara Regan [C. T.] 1922:723, Fig. 30 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921 (pt 4) (no. 36); ref. 3673] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1921.9.6.211. Paralectotypes: (2) BMNH 1921.9.6.212 (1). Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:61 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Protomelas annectens (Regan 1922) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:59 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:387 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:330 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Protomelas annectens (Regan 1922). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

annectens, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:168, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922 (pt 1) (no. 9); ref. 3675] Buddu Coast, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1907.5.7.78. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Haplochromis by Cyrtocara annectens Regan 1922, replaced by Haplochromis prodromus Trewavas 1935. •Objective synonym of Haplochromis prodromus Trewavas 1935 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:167 [ref. 20956]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Haplochromis prodromus Trewavas 1935. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

annectens, Pelmatochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1913:485 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 14949] Lower Niger River, Nigeria. Syntypes: BMNH 1913.7.15.8-9 (2). •Valid as Thysochromis annectens (Boulenger 1913) -- (Daget 1991:481 [ref. 20947]). •Synonym of Thysochromis ansorgii (Boulenger 1901) -- (Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:735 [ref. 21590], Walsh et al. 2019:9 [ref. 37073]). Current status: Synonym of Thysochromis ansorgii (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

annectens, Tropheus Boulenger [G. A.] 1900:148, Pl. 52 (fig. 2) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 6); ref. 555] Albertville, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1900.12.13.31 (1), MRAC 336 (1). •Valid as Tropheus annectens Boulenger 1900 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:521 [ref. 20946], Konings 2015:100 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:106 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Tropheus annectens Boulenger 1900. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

annectidens, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1933:323 [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 38 (no. 259); ref. 16530] Lake Nabugabo, eastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1933.2.23.210. Paratypes: 1933.2.23.211-218 (8) and .219-220 (2). •Valid as Haplochromis annectidens Trewavas 1933 -- (Greenwood 1965:329 [ref. 20617], van Oijen et al. 1991:105 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis annectidens Trewavas 1933. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Nabugabo. Habitat: freshwater.

anomala, Nannacara Regan [C. T.] 1905:344 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 15 (no. 88) (art. 42); ref. 3623] Essequibo River, Guyana. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.27-28 (2); ZMB 5298 (1). Type catalog: Kullander & Nijssen 1989:199 [ref. 14136], Paepke & Schindler 2013:250 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Nannacara anomala Regan 1905 -- (Kullander & Nijssen 1989:199 [ref. 14136], Kullander & Prada-Pedreros 1993:362 [ref. 21108], Keith et al. 2000:226 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:639 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:169 [ref. 27488], Staeck & Schindler 2004:160 [ref. 28001], Staeck 2017:279 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Nannacara anomala Regan 1905. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Guianan rivers: Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

ansorgii, Pelmatochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1901:8, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1901, v. 1 (pt 1) (art. 1); ref. 559] Junction of Ethiop River and Jamieson River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Syntypes: BMNH 1901.2.8.9-12 (4). •Valid as Thysia ansorgii (Boulenger 1901) -- (Voss 1972:1 [ref. 37208]). •Valid as Thysochromis ansorgii (Boulenger 1901) -- (Daget 1991:480 [ref. 20947], Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:735 [ref. 21590], Poll & Gosse 1995:267 [ref. 24781] as ansorgi, Stiassny et al. 2007:321 [ref. 30045], Walsh et al. 2019:9 [ref. 37073]). Current status: Valid as Thysochromis ansorgii (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria, western Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

ansorgii, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:376 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 40) (art. 41); ref. 12351] Geba and Culufi rivers, Guinea-Bissau. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.4.1.160-162 (3) Geba R., 1912.4.1.163 (1, skeleton) Geba R., 1912.4.1.164-170 (7) Culufi R.; NMW 24687-91 (5). •Synonym of Tilapia buettikoferi (Hubrecht 1881) -- (Lévêque et al. 1989:122 [ref. 26480] as buttikoferi, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:485 [ref. 20943] as buttikoferi, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:749 [ref. 21590] as buttikoferi). •Synonym of Heterotilapia buettikoferi (Hubrecht 1881) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672] as buttikoferi). Current status: Synonym of Heterotilapia buettikoferi (Hubrecht 1881). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

anthurus, Crenicichla Cope [E. D.] 1872:252, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 9074-76 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621]; see Kullander 1986:120 [ref. 12439] for discussion of types. •Valid as Crenicichla anthurus Cope 1872 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:117 [ref. 12439], Ploeg 1991:24 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Varella et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35777], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298]). •Valid as Saxatilia anthurus (Cope 1872) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Saxatilia anthurus (Cope 1872). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

antleter, Haplochromis Mietes [M.] & Witte [F.] in de Zeeuw et al. 2010:204, Figs. 2-4 [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 84 (no. 9); ref. 31028] Mwanza Gulf, Tanzania, Lake Victoria. Holotype: RMNH 83944. Paratypes: many at AMNH, BMNH 2010.3.23.1 (1), NSMT-P, RMNH, •Valid as Haplochromis antleter Mietes & Witte 2010. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis antleter Mietes & Witte 2010. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Mwanza Gulf, Tanzania, Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

antron, Otopharynx Cleaver [R. M.], Konings [A. F.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 2009:170, Figs. 5b, 6b, 7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 2); ref. 30418] Nametumbwe, 13°38.290"S, 34°51.334'E, Lake Malawi. Holotype: SAIAB 204771 (ex PSU 4461). Paratypes: SAIAB 204773 (5) (ex PSU 4461). Plus non-type specimens sighted. Roger Bills 6/30/2017 data transfer to SAIAB. •Valid as Otopharynx antron Cleaver, Konings & Stauffer 2009 -- (Konings 2016:162 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Otopharynx antron Cleaver, Konings & Stauffer 2009. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East Africa: eastern shore of Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

apogon, Diplotaxodon Turner [G. F.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1998:244, Figs. 4-5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 23318] Off Monkey Bay, Lake Malawi, depth 100 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1996.4.30.21. Paratypes: BMNH 1996.4.30.22-25 (4), 1996.4.30.26-30 (5), 1996.4.30.31 (1), 1996.4.30.32-38 (7); PSU 3025 (4). •Valid as Diplotaxodon apogon Turner & Stauffer 1998 -- (Turner et al. 2004:230 [ref. 28114]). •Possibly a synonym of Diplotaxodon ecclesi Burgess & Axelrod 1973 -- (Konings 2016:391 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Diplotaxodon apogon Turner & Stauffer 1998. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

apogonoides, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1967:105, Fig. 23 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 7965] Ekunu Bay, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1966.2.21.3. Paratypes: BMNH 1966.3.9.236-237 (2), 1966.3.9.238-242 (5). •Valid as Haplochromis apogonoides Greenwood 1967 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:105 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis apogonoides Greenwood 1967. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

apoparuana, Bujurquina Kullander [S. O.] 1986:280, Pls. 29 (fig. 3), 30 (fig. 1) [Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru; ref. 12439] 3.4 kilometers from Pucallpa on road to Lima, Río Ucayali drainage, Peru. Holotype: FMNH 84269 (1 of 14). Paratypes: FMNH 84269 (13 of 14); NRM 11299 (1), 17576 (6, now 5), 17577-78 (1, 2), 37054 [ex NRM 17576] (1, c&s); ZFMK uncat (1). •Valid as Bujurquina apoparuana Kullander 1986 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:618 [ref. 27061], Arbour et al. 2014:85 [ref. 33331], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298], Říčan & Říčanová 2023:194 [ref. 40236]). Current status: Valid as Bujurquina apoparuana Kullander 1986. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Ucayali River drainage, western Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

appendiculata, Chromys Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:15, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Río Ucayali, Peru. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9483. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:205 [ref. 20868], Bauchot et al. 1978:44 [ref. 20862]. Original genus should have been Chromis. •Valid as Heros appendiculatus (Castelnau 1855) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:219 [ref. 12439], Lasso et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25928]). •Synonym of Heros efasciatus Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:636 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Heros efasciatus Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

aquila, Haplochromis Vranken [N.], van Steenberge [M.], Heylen [A.], Decru [E.] & Snoeks [J.] 2022:39, Figs. 20-22 [European Journal of Taxonomy v. 815 (no. 1); ref. 39202] Lake Edward, Kayanja offshore, Uganda, 0°05'31.2"S, 29°45'30.3"E. Holotype: MRAC 2018.008.P.0355. Paratypes: MRAC. •Valid as Haplochromis aquila Vranken, van Steenberge, Heylen, Decru & Snoeks 2022. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis aquila Vranken, van Steenberge, Heylen, Decru & Snoeks 2022. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Edward. Habitat: freshwater.

aquilonium, Aulonocara Konings [A. F.] 1995:35, Figs. [The Cichlids Yearbook v. 5; ref. 21860] Mdoka, Lake Malawi. Holotype: MRAC 94-56-P-62. Paratypes: MRAC 94-56-P-63 to 71 (9). •Valid as Aulonocara aquilonium Konings 1995 -- (Tawil 2003:96 [ref. 28055], Konings 2016:366 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Aulonocara aquilonium Konings 1995. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

araguaiae, Laetacara Ottoni [F. P.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2009:43, Figs. 1, 2a, 5 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 59 (no. 1); ref. 30198] Buriti palm near rio Verde, 32 kilometers north of São Miguel do Araguaia, rio Araguaia basin, Estado de Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 7557. Paratypes: UFRJ 1447 (8), 1477 (14 + 1 c&s), 7522 (4 c&s), 7530 (3); MCP 42589 (2) •Valid as Laetacara araguaiae Ottoni & Costa 2009 -- (Ottoni et al. 2009:123 [ref. 30600], Ottoni et al. 2012:187 [ref. 32046], Staeck 2017:257 [ref. 35639], Ottoni 2018:49 [ref. 35872], Reis et al. 2020:473 [ref. 38364], Koerber et al. 2022:74 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Laetacara araguaiae Ottoni & Costa 2009. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon basin and upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

araguaiense, Cichlasoma Kullander [S. O.] 1983:252, Pl. 14 (fig. 1) [A revision of the South American cichlid genus Cichlasoma; ref. 8319] River Araguaia system, small igarapé tributary to Igarapé Sangadina, 1 kilometer from Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: BMNH 1980.1.9.1. Paratypes: (unclear about type status) BMNH 1980.1.9.2-7 (1 ea.); MNHN A-9522 (1); MZUSP 13928 (1), uncat. (4); USNM 266798-99 (1, 2). •Valid as Cichlasoma araguaiense Kullander 1983 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:621 [ref. 27061], Ottoni 2011:335 [ref. 31675]). Current status: Valid as Cichlasoma araguaiense Kullander 1983. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in Tocantins and upper Xingu River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

aravera, Crenicichla Říčan [O.], Piálek [L.], Almirón [A. E.] & Casciotta [J.] 2023:47, Figs. 1B, 3, 4B [European Journal of Taxonomy v. 879; ref. 40289] Upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP20, Arroyo Piray Guazú basin, Paraná River basin, Misiones Province, Argentina, 26°26'34.1"S, 54°08'29.4"W. Holotype: MLP 11450. Paratypes: MLP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Crenicichla aravera Říčan, Piálek, Almirón & Casciotta 2023 -- (Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40368]). Current status: Valid as Crenicichla aravera Říčan, Piálek, Almirón & Casciotta 2023. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Piray Guazú River drainage, Paraná River basin (Misiones, Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

arcanus, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] & Gee [J. M.] 1969:52, Fig. 32 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 7814] South of Nsadzi Island, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda, depth 130-160 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1968.8.30.19. Paratypes: BMNH 1968.8.30.20-21 (2), 1968.8.30.22-27 (6). •Valid as Haplochromis arcanus Greenwood & Gee 1969 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:105 [ref. 20956]) Current status: Valid as Haplochromis arcanus Greenwood & Gee 1969. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

argens, Haplochromis de Zeeuw [M. P.], Westbroek [I.] & Witte [F.] in de Zeeuw, Westbroek, van Oijen & Witte 2013:6, Figs. 2-5 [ZooKeys No. 256; ref. 32385] Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Mwanza Gulf, 2°29'-2°36'S, 32°48'-32°54'E. Holotype: RMNH.PISC.83588. Paratypes: AMNH, BMNH 2012.1.5.2 (1), NSMT, RMNH. •Valid as Haplochromis argens de Zeeuw, Westbroek & Witte 2013. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis argens de Zeeuw, Westbroek & Witte 2013. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Habitat: marine.

argens, Haplochromis Witte [F.] 1984:161 [Evolution of Fish Species Flocks; ref. 26831] Name only, not available. Appeared in legend of figure 7 as H. argens but elsewhere in paper as H. "argens". Nomen Nudum. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae.

argentea, Vieja Allgayer [R.] 1991:3 [Revue française des Cichlidophiles No. 114; ref. 23088] Rio San Roman at confluence with Rio Salinas, Chiapas, Mexico. Holotype: MNHN 1991-6831. Paratypes: MNHN 1991-6832(1). •Valid as Cichlasoma argentea (Allgayer 1991) -- (Conkel 1993:163 [ref. 22949], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807] as argenteum). •Valid as Vieja argentea Allgayer 1991 -- (Burgess 2000:50 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:645 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:379 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Paraneetroplus argenteus (Allgayer 1991) -- (McMahan et al. 2010:1298 [ref. 31111] as argentea, Page et al. 2013:157 [ref. 32708], Paepke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33351]). •Valid as Maskaheros argenteus (Allgayer 1981) -- (McMahan et al. 2015:217 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:45 [ref. 34357], Gómez-Martínez et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39506]). Current status: Valid as Maskaheros argenteus (Allgayer 1991). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Diplotaxodon Trewavas [E.] 1935:116 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Bar House (Mangochi), south end of Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 2017.8.24.1. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1935.6.14.2281-2282 (2). Lectotype selected by Stauffer et al. 2018:91 [ref. 35882]. •Valid as Diplotaxodon argenteus Trewavas 1935 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:268 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:79 [ref. 20944], Turner et al. 2004:224 [ref. 28114], Konings 2016:393 [ref. 34521], Stauffer et al. 2018:94 [ref. 35882], Stauffer & Konings 2021:283 [ref. 38048]). Current status: Valid as Diplotaxodon argenteus Trewavas 1935. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:186, Fig. 12 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922 (pt 1) (no. 9); ref. 3675] Bunjako, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.5.30.266. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1906.5.30.267 (1). Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1967:84 [ref. 7965]. •Valid as Haplochromis argenteus Regan 1922 -- (Greenwood 1967:84 [ref. 7965], van Oijen et al. 1991:105 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis argenteus Regan 1922. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Lethrinops Ahl [E.] 1926:60 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1926; ref. 77] Near Langenburg, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: ZMB 23479-80 (1, 3). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Lethrinops argenteus Ahl 1926 -- (Eccles & Lewis 1978:3 [ref. 7012] as argentea, Eccles & Trewavas 1989:124 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:233 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:398 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Lethrinops argenteus Ahl 1926. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

argus, Cichla Valenciennes [A.] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:169 [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Brazil. Holotype: MNHN A-1042. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:206 [ref. 20868] but dated to 1833. The species argus and orinocensis were described simultaneously; Günther 1862:309 acts as first reviser (see Kullander & Ferreira 2006:313 [ref. 28883]). •Synonym of Cichla orinocensis Humboldt 1821 -- (Machado-Allison et al. 2000:67 [ref. 26045], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:621 [ref. 27061], Kullander & Ferreira 2006:306 [ref. 28883], Sabaj et al. 2020:70 [ref. 37398]). Current status: Synonym of Cichla orinocensis Humboldt 1821. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

argynnis, Crenicichla proteus var. Cope [E. D.] 1872:253 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 9059 (1), 14375 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Crenicichla proteus Cope 1872 -- (Kullander 1986:107 [ref. 12439], Ploeg 1991:51 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:630 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2018:363 [ref. 35777]). •Synonym of Saxatilia proteus (Cope 1872) -- (Varella et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Saxatilia proteus (Cope 1872). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

argyrogaster, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:171, Fig. 30 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] Chilola Bay, Mozambique, Lake Malawi, depth 51-57 meters. Holotype: SADC/GEF 98/33/08/50 [MRAC 99-41-P-3923]. Paratypes: MRAC 99-41-P-3924 (1), P-3925-26 (2). Plus 1 undesignated paratype. •Valid as Placidochromis argyrogaster Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:408 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis argyrogaster Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

argyrosoma, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:713, Fig. 25 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921 (pt 4) (no. 36); ref. 3673] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.10.27.99. Holotype is also a paralectotype of Tilapia macrophthalma. •Valid as Otopharynx argyrosoma (Regan 1922) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:167 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:347 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:289 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:328 [ref. 34521], Oliver 2018:195 [ref. 36257]). Current status: Valid as Otopharynx argyrosoma (Regan 1922). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

argyrostictus, Geophagus Kullander [S. O.] 1991:130, Fig. 1 [Cybium v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 20053] Rocky pool near cachoeira, Belo Monte, Rio Xingu drainage, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 32906. Paratypes: IRSNB 785 (44); MZUSP 36875 (4), 39087 (17); NRM 13981 (5), 13997 (5); NMW 24023 (1); ZSM 27494 [ex NRM] (3). •Valid as Geophagus argyrostictus Kullander 1991 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:632 [ref. 27061], Schindler & Staeck 2006:96 [ref. 29420], Deprá et al. 2014:745 [ref. 33631], Ximenes et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38836], Chuctaya et al. 2022:13 [ref. 39723]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus argyrostictus Kullander 1991. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

aristoma, Tylochromis Stiassny [M. L. J.] 1989:85, Fig. [Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Série Sciences Zoologiques v. 258; ref. 20088] Tshuapa River at Yalusaka, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: BMNH 1987.6.2.99. Paratypes: BMNH 1987.6.2.102-104 (3), 1987.6.2.105-106 (2, 1 c&s), 1987.6.2.107-108 (2). •Valid as Tylochromis aristoma Stiassny 1989 -- (Stiassny 1991:526 [ref. 20964]). Current status: Valid as Tylochromis aristoma Stiassny 1989. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

arnoldi, Cichlasoma Ahl [E.] 1936:139 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1936 (nos 1-3); ref. 13681] Amazonas (Amazon River). Holotype (unique): ZMB 32382. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. Paepke & Schindler 2013:266 [ref. 32895]. •Synonym of Hypselecara coryphaenoides (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:637 [ref. 27061]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Hypselecara coryphaenoides (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

arnoldi, Paratilapia Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1917:521 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 11 (pt 6); ref. 15119] Mazoe River, Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], southern Africa. Holotype (unique): SAM 10869 [now at AMG]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Pelmatochromis arnoldi Boulenger 1912. •Synonym of Pharyngochromis darlingi (Boulenger 1911) -- (Skelton 1991:376 [ref. 20950] as arnoldia). •Synonym of Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner 1866) -- (Greenwood 1992:39 [ref. 21075]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner 1866). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

arnoldi, Pelmatochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1912:263 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 56); ref. 14835] Lower Niger River, Nigeria. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.2.2.10-12 (3). •Synonym of Thysochromis ansorgii (Boulenger 1901) -- (Daget 1991:480 [ref. 20947], Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:735 [ref. 21590], Walsh et al. 2019:9 [ref. 37073]). Current status: Synonym of Thysochromis ansorgii (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

arnoldi, Tilapia Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1917:497 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 11 (pt 6); ref. 15119] Mazoe River, Rhodesia [Zimbabwe], southern Africa. Holotype (unique): SAM 10862 [now at AMG]. •Synonym of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:327 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

artatorostris, Labeotropheus Pauers [M. J.] 2017:400, Figs. 2, 6 [Copeia v. 105 (no. 2); ref. 35478] Mumbo Island, Lake Malawi, Africa. Holotype: UMMZ 250296. Paratypes: AMNH, MCZ, MPM, UMMZ, USNM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Labeotropheus artatorostris Pauers 2017. •Synonym of Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl 1926 -- (Konings 2024:13 [ref. 40862]). Current status: Synonym of Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl 1926. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

artaxerxes, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1962:170 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 5925] Napoleon Gulf near Jinja, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1962.3.2.508. •Valid as Haplochromis artaxerxes Greenwood 1962 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:106 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis artaxerxes Greenwood 1962. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

arua, Apistogramma Römer [U.] & Warzel [F.] 1998:46, Figs. 1-2, 5-6, 9-10 + 1-4 (back) [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 23583] Some 2.5 kilometers upstream of village of Arua in a small right-bank affluent of Rio Arua, tributary of Rio Arapiuns, Para State, Brazil, about 2°39'27"S, 55°43'24"W. Holotype: MZUSP uncat. Paratypes: ZFMK 18599 (1), 18601 (1), 18605 (1). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:127 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma arua Römer & Warzel 1998 -- (Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:16 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Staeck 2017:36 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma arua Römer & Warzel 1998. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

asfraci, Tomocichla Allgayer [R.] 2002:32, 8 unnumbered figs. [L'an Cichlidé v. 2; ref. 26900] Boca del Toro, River Guarumo, Laguna de Chiriqui System, Atlantic slope, Panama. Holotype: MNHN 2002-1090. Paratypes: (3): MNHN 2002-1091-1093 (3). •Valid as Tomocichla asfraci Allgayer 2002 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:644 [ref. 27061], Chakrabarty 2007:22 [ref. 29359], McMahan et al. 2015:229 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:30 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Tomocichla asfraci Allgayer 2002. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Laguna de Chiriqui System, Atlantic slope, Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

astatodon, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1921:637 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 8 (no. 48); ref. 15327] Lake Kivu. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.9.6.125. Paralectotypes: (15) BMNH 1906.9.6.124 (1), 1906.9.6.126-129 (4), 1906.6.130-132 (3), 1906.9.6.133 (1, skeleton); MNHN 1923-0065 [ex BMNH] (1); USNM 86654 (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:210 [ref. 20868]. Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1979:281 [ref. 1898]. •Valid as Haplochromis astatodon Regan 1921 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:106 [ref. 20956], Snoeks 1994:77 [ref. 21588], Kisekelwa et al. 2020:[11] 710 [ref. 38315]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis astatodon Regan 1921. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern and central Africa: Lake Kivu. Habitat: freshwater.

astorquii, Amphilophus Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], McCrary [J. K.] & Black [K. E.] 2008:122, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 121 (no. 1); ref. 29556] Casa Rosal, Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua, 11°55.74'N, 86°3.18'W. Holotype: PSU 4518.1. Paratypes: AMNH 240557 (4); PSU (many lots, 4521 listed twice). •Valid as Amphilophus astorquii Stauffer, McCrary & Black 2008 -- (Oldfield 2009:2, 9 [ref. 30478], Geiger, McCrary & Stauffer 2010:171 [ref. 30913], Recknagel et al. 2013:209 [ref. 32956], Říčan et al. 2016:37 [ref. 34357], Angulo et al. 2023:48 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Amphilophus astorquii Stauffer, McCrary & Black 2008. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Lake Apoyo (Nicaragua) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

astroblepa, Crenicichla Ploeg [A.] 1986:58, Pl. 3 (upper & middle) [Beaufortia v. 36 (no. 5); ref. 8054] Tucurui, below dam, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 856. Paratypes: INPA 876-74 (20, 13), 978-79 (1, 3); ZMA 119468 (2), 119761 (18). •Synonym of Crenicichla cametana Steindachner 1911 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:627 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Crenicichla cametana Steindachner 1911. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

atabapensis, Cichla Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:168 [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Río Atabapo and Orinoco River, Venezuela. No types known. •Status uncertain -- (Nico 2001:142 [ref. 25828]). •Synonym of Cichla orinocensis Humboldt 1821 -- (Machado-Allison et al. 2000:67 [ref. 26045], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:621 [ref. 27061], Kullander & Ferreira 2006:373 [ref. 28883]). Current status: Synonym of Cichla orinocensis Humboldt 1821. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

atahualpa, Apistogramma Römer [U.] 1997:9, 2 figs. [Buntbarsche Bulletin No. 182; ref. 23264] Peru [no locality]. Holotype: SMF 28212. Paratypes: SMF 28197-99 (1, 1, 1) Possible locality suggested by author. •Valid as Apistogramma atahualpa Römer 1997 -- (Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:17 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:17 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2011:16 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2015:329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:37 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma atahualpa Römer 1997. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in Nancy River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

ater, Pseudotropheus Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1988:665, Fig. 2 [Copeia 1988 (no. 3); ref. 6678] Chinyamwezi Island, Lake Malawi [Nyasa], Malawi, Africa. Holotype: USNM 290927. Paratypes: BMNH 1987.11.18.8-12 (5); USNM 290928 (4). •Valid as Pseudotropheus ater Stauffer 1988 -- (Maréchal 1991:401 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:98 [ref. 34521]). •Valid as Chindongo ater (Stauffer 1988) -- (Li et al. 2016:373 [ref. 34737]). Current status: Valid as Chindongo ater (Stauffer 1988). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

athiensis, Tilapia nilotica var. Boulenger [G. A.] 1916:347 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1916 (pt 2) (art. 10); ref. 15052] Tributaries of Athi River, Kenya. Syntypes: BMNH 1915.12.2.88-102 (?30). •Synonym of Oreochromis spilurus (Günther 1894), subspecies niger (Günther 1894) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:340 [ref. 20954], Seegers et al. 2003:45 [ref. 28087]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis spilurus (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae.

atrilabris, Lethrinops Turner [G. F.] 2022:2, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 101 (no. 6); ref. 39649] Northeast of Monkey Bay, Lake Malawi, Africa, depth 84 - 94 meters. Holotype: BMNH 2022.4.20.1. Paratypes: BMNH 2022.4.20.2-7 (6). •Valid as Lethrinops atrilabris Turner 2022. Current status: Valid as Lethrinops atrilabris Turner 2022. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

atripinnis, Copadichromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] & Sato [T.] 2002:92, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 26070] Lake Malawi, Thumbi West Island, Kache Point, Malawi, depth 17-22 meters. Holotype: PSU 3387. Paratypes: PSU 3388 (28), UMBC 0002 (6). •Valid as Copadichromis atripinnis Stauffer & Sato 2002 -- (Chisambo & Snoeks 2004:264 [ref. 28115], Stauffer & Konings 2006:12, 19 [ref. 28633], Konings 2016:17 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Copadichromis atripinnis Stauffer & Sato 2002. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern Lake Malawi, Africa Habitat: freshwater.

atritaeniatus, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:711, Fig. 23 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921 (pt 4) (no. 36); ref. 3673] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1921.9.6.179. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1921.9.6.180 (1). Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:245 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Buccochromis atritaeniatus (Regan 1922) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:244 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:29 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:268 [ref. 28117]). •Synonym of Buccochromis nototaenia (Boulenger 1902) -- (Konings 2016:423 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Buccochromis atritaeniatus (Regan 1922). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

atromaculatum, Cichlosoma (Parapetenia) Regan [C. T.] 1912:507 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 9 (no. 53); ref. 14863] Tado, Río San Juan, Chocó, Colombia. Syntypes: BMNH 1910.7.11.83-88 (4 of 6). Original genus should have been Cichlasoma. •Valid as Nandopsis atromaculata (Regan 1912) -- (Burgess 2000:48 [ref. 24818] as atromaculatum). •Valid as Cichlasoma atromaculatum Regan 1912 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:621 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Valid as Mesoheros atromaculatus (Regan 1912) -- (McMahan et al. 2015:228 [ref. 33920], Musilová et al. 2015:339 [ref. 35426], Říčan et al. 2016:29 [ref. 34357], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Mesoheros atromaculatus (Regan 1912). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Atrato, San Juan and Baudó River basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

attenuatus, Lamprologus Steindachner [F.] 1909:445 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 46 (no. 26) (for 9 Dec. 1909); ref. 18810] Lake Tanganyika. Holotype (unique): NMW 42500. •Valid as Lepidiolamprologus attenuatus (Steindachner 1909) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:226 [ref. 20946], Schelly et al. 2007:47 [ref. 29296], Kullander et al. 2012:31 [ref. 32176], Konings 2015:263 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:278 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Lepidiolamprologus attenuatus (Steindachner 1909). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

auditor, Trematocranus Trewavas [E.] 1935:114, Fig. 14a [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Vua, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1935.6.14.2238 (1). •Valid as Aulonocara auditor (Trewavas 1935) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:146 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:11 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:363 [ref. 34521]). •Mention -- (Tawil 2003:96 [ref. 28055]). Current status: Valid as Aulonocara auditor (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

aurantinfra, Labeotropheus Pauers [M. J.] & Phiri [T. B.] 2023:269, Fig. 5 [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 111 (no. 2); ref. 40202] Chirwa Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, -10.4684007, 34.2811572. Holotype: SAIAB 211375. Paratypes: FMNH, MPM, SAIAB. •Valid as Labeotropheus aurantinfra Pauers & Phiri 2023. •Synonym of Labeotropheus trewavasae Fryer 1956 -- (Konings 2024:12 [ref. 40862]). Current status: Synonym of Labeotropheus trewavasae Fryer 1956. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

auratus, Chromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1897:155 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 19 (no. 110) (art. 16); ref. 14625] Monkey Bay, west coast of Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], Malawi. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1896.12.1.7. •Valid as Tilapia aurea (Boulenger 1897) -- (Goren 1974:102 [ref. 7502]). •Valid as Melanochromis auratus (Boulenger 1897) -- (Maréchal 1991:258 [ref. 20944], Coad 1996:86 [ref. 25304], Fuller et al. 1999:433 [ref. 25838], Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30309] but with incorrect original genus, Konings & Stauffer 2012:19 [ref. 31871], Konings 2016:113 [ref. 34521], Bandjolu et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38801], Chan et al. 2023:145 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Melanochromis auratus (Boulenger 1897). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East Africa: Lake Malawi. Introduced in Sulawesi Tengah (Indonesia) and Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

aureocephalus, Nannacara Allgayer [R.] 1983:13, Fig. [Revue française des Cichlidophiles v. 4 (no. 33); ref. 21139] "Carière Chambaut" localité A, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 1983-0523. Paratypes: MNHN 1983-0524 and 0525 (2, 2). •Valid as Nannacara aureocephalus Allgayer 1983 -- (Kullander & Prada-Pedreros 1993:362 [ref. 21108], Keith et al. 2000:228 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:639 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:172 [ref. 27488], Staeck & Schindler 2004:160 [ref. 28001], Melo et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34701], Melo et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34701], Staeck 2017:281 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Nannacara aureocephalus Allgayer 1983. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: French Guiana and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

aureocephalus, Pelmatochromis Meinken [H.] 1960:357, Fig. [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 13 (no. 11 and no. 12); ref. 11932] Niger. No types known. •In the synonymy of Pelvicachromis pulcher (Boulenger 1901) -- (Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:734 [ref. 21590]). Current status: Synonym of Pelvicachromis pulcher (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Chromis Steindachner [F.] 1864:229, Pl. 8 (fig. 5) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 14; ref. 13938] West Africa. Lectotype: NMW 32874. Paralectotypes: (several). Lectotype selected by Trewavas 1965:265 [ref. 23091]. •Valid as Tilapia aurea (Steindachner 1864) -- (Lee et al. 1980:771 [ref. 22416], Boschung 1992:150 [ref. 23239]). •Valid as Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner 1864) -- (Trewavas 1982:12 [ref. 39521], Krupp & Schneider 1989:396 [ref. 13651], Page & Burr 1991:334 [ref. 18983], Trewavas & Teugels 1991:311 [ref. 20954], Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:763 [ref. 21590], Skelton 1993:330 [ref. 24071], Mekkawy 1995:1 [ref. 23990], Zhu 1995:172, 206 [ref. 25213], Fuller et al. 1999:435 [ref. 25838], Rafique 2000:327 [ref. 25220], Carpenter 2001:3336 [ref. 26131], Skelton 2001:330 [ref. 27406], Moyle 2002:420 [ref. 26449], Carpenter 2003:1693 [ref. 27092], Mirza 2003:24 [ref. 27265], Hamidan 2004:391 [ref. 37679], Nelson et al. 2004:153 [ref. 27807], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:209 [ref. 28183], Fricke et al. 2007:92 [ref. 29533], Scharpf 2009:8 [ref. 30400], Minckley & Marsh 2009:265 [ref. 31114], Marshall 2011:257 [ref. 31755], Kottelat 2013:374 [ref. 32989], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:335 [ref. 34894], Çiçek et al. 2015:152 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:213 [ref. 34477], Neumann et al. 2016:307 [ref. 35036], Esmaeili et al. 2017:88 [ref. 35254], Bruton et al. 2018:110 [ref. 36373], Esmaeili et al. 2018:71 [ref. 36089], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:385 [ref. 35886], Louizi et al. 2019:98 [ref. 38351], Çiçek et al. 2020:257 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:100 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:255 [ref. 37983], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Angulo 2021:9 [ref. 38913], Fu et al. 2021:9573 [ref. 39347], Al-Faisal et al. 2022:1409 [ref. 39565], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Gómez-Martínez et al. 2022:243 [ref. 39506], Angulo et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40676], Chan et al. 2023:145 [ref. 40365], Çiçek et al. 2023:466 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:29 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:436 [ref. 40625], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:216 [ref. 40377], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455], Saad et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40501], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:175, Valenzuela et al. 2023:96 [ref. 40815], Çiçek et al. 2024:332 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner 1864). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Middle East and Africa. Introduced widely elsewhere, including many states in the U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

aureus, Haplochromis Vranken [N.], van Steenberge [M.], Mbalassa [M.] & Snoeks [J.] 2023:[15], Figs. 1, 6 [Hydrobiologia v. 850; ref. 40198] Open water near border, Lake Edward, Africa, 0°16'34.5"S, 29°42'44.0"E, pelagic catch. Holotype: MRAC 2019.002.P.0136. Paratypes: BMNH, IRSNB, MRAC. •Valid as Haplochromis aureus Vranken, van Steenberge, Mbalassa & Snoeks 2023. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis aureus Vranken, van Steenberge, Mbalassa & Snoeks 2023. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Central Africa: Lake Edward. Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Heros Günther [A.] 1862:292 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Lake Izabal [Yzabal], Guatemala. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.1.26.51. A second specimen included with question and, therefore, not a type. •Valid as Cichlasoma aureum (Günther 1862) -- (Miller & Taylor 1984:937 [ref. 6809], Gamboa Pérez 1992:322 [ref. 38704], Conkel 1993:174 [ref. 22949], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:195 [ref. 22947]). •Valid as Thorichthys aureus (Günther 1862) -- (Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:644 [ref. 27061], Matamoros et al. 2009:22 [ref. 31241], Allgayer 2010:27 [ref. 31541], McMahan et al. 2015:227 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:39 [ref. 34357], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35275]). Current status: Valid as Thorichthys aureus (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Atlantic slope of Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. Habitat: freshwater.

aurifrons, Microchromis Tawil [P.] 2011:202 [Cybium v. 35 (no. 3); ref. 31667] Mphanga Rocks, Lake Malawi. Holotype: MNHN 2011-0232. MNHN 2011-0233 (7). •Valid as Cynotilapia aurifrons (Tawil 2011) -- (Konings 2016:73 [ref. 34521], Li et al. 2016:379 [ref. 34737]). Current status: Valid as Cynotilapia aurifrons (Tawil 2011). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

aurita, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1901:2 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 7 (no. 37) (art. 1); ref. 5758] Msambu, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.9.6.62 and 1906.9.6.67-70 (now 4), 1906.9.6.71 (1, skeleton); MNHN 1903-0167 [ex BMNH] (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:216 [ref. 20868]. •Valid as Limnochromis auritus (Boulenger 1901) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:243 [ref. 20946], De Vos et al. 2001:130 [ref. 26059], Konings 2015:362 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:384 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Limnochromis auritus (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

auritus, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:699, Fig. 14 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921 (pt 4) (no. 36); ref. 3673] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1921.9.6.133. •Valid as Lethrinops aurita (Regan 1922) -- (Eccles & Lewis 1979:5 [ref. 6939]). •Valid as Lethrinops auritus (Regan 1922) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:133 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:234 [ref. 20944], Ngatunga & Snoeks 2003:128 [ref. 26763], Ngatunga & Snoeks 2004:260 [ref. 28115], Konings 2016:376 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Lethrinops auritus (Regan 1922). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

auritus, Hemichromis Gill [T. N.] 1862:135 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1661] Gabon River, West Africa. Syntypes: ANSP 9036 (1), USNM 4096 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Hemichromis elongatus (Guichenot 1861) -- (Daget & Teugels 1991:189 [ref. 20957], Bitja-Nyom et al. 2021:3796 [ref. 38608]). Current status: Synonym of Hemichromis elongatus (Guichenot 1861). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

auromarginata, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1908:241 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 575] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1908.10.27.86. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1908.10.27.87 (1), 1908.10.27.88 (1). Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:156 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Otopharynx auromarginatus (Boulenger 1908) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:155 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:347 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:289 [ref. 28117], Cleaver et al. 2009:166 [ref. 30418], Konings 2016:231 [ref. 34521], Oliver 2018:195 [ref. 36257]). Current status: Valid as Otopharynx auromarginatus (Boulenger 1908). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi and upper Shire River. Habitat: freshwater.

aurora, Pseudotropheus Burgess [W. E.] 1976:52, Figs. [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 24 (no. 9); ref. 7371] Lake Malawi [Lke Nyasa] (probably Likoma Island). Holotype: USNM 215292. Paratypes: AMNH 37301 (10), BMNH 1976.6.2.2 (1), USNM 215293 (16). •Valid as Pseudoropheus aurora Burgess 1976 -- (Maréchal 1991:401 [ref. 20944]). •Valid as Metriaclima aurora (Burgess 1976) -- (Stauffer et al. 1997:213 [ref. 23216], Konings & Stauffer 2006:233 [ref. 28844], Ciccotto et al. 2011:1, 3 [ref. 31119], Stauffer et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32704], Konings 2016:182 [ref. 34521]). •Valid as Maylandia aurora (Burgess 1976) -- (Ufermann 2001:60 [ref. 30286]). Current status: Valid as Maylandia aurora (Burgess 1976). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East Africa: Likoma Island endemic, Lake Malawi. Introduced into Thumbi Island West in southern Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

australe, Chaetobranchopsis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ward [D. P.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:144, Pl. 44 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Bahia Negra, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 66954 [ex IU 10157]. •Valid as Chaetobranchopsis australe Eigenmann & Ward 1907 -- (Britski et al. 1999:149 [ref. 24147], Keith et al. 2000:178 [ref. 24547], López et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27366]). •Valid as Chaetobranchopsis australis Eigenmann & Ward 1907 -- (Casciotta 1998:40 [ref. 27682], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:620 [ref. 27061], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:76 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Chaetobranchopsis australis Eigenmann & Ward 1907. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Paraná River basin: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

australe, Geophagus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1907:454, Pl. 23 (fig. 7) [Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 8 (for 1906); ref. 10024] Buenos Aires [Ensenada, Buenos Aires Province], Argentina. Holotype: Princeton Univ. (whereabouts unknown). Paratypes: CAS 51440 [ex IU 11352] (2, now 3), Princeton Univ. (orig. 6, whereabouts unknown). Type locality see Calviño & Waldbillig 2020:1 [ref. 37512]. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus australis (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Gosse 1976:133 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:275 [ref. 6638], Gómez & Chebez 1996:66 [ref. 23791], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Wimburger et al. 1998:510 [ref. 23857], Sverlij et al. 1998:78 [ref. 27632] as Eigenman, Casciotta et al. 2000:53 [ref. 24908], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Staeck 2006:104 [ref. 29421], González-Bergonzoni et al. 2009:23 [ref. 30455], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Malabarba et al. 2015:660 [ref. 34105], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565], Alonso et al. 2019:S1 [ref. 36529], Calviño & Waldbillig 2020:1 [ref. 37512], Loureiro et al. 2023:155 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus australis (Eigenmann 1907). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: lower Paraná River and Río de la Plata basins (Argentina and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

autochthon, Heros Günther [A.] 1862:299 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Brazil [probably acquired in Rio de Janeiro]. Syntypes: BMNH 1961.7.7.2-4 (3). No type: BMNH 1961.7.7.6 Lectotype selected by Ottoni 2012:93 [ref. 31900] as NHMUK V 1961776 [sic]. See remarks on type material by Ottoni & Bragança 2021:2 [ref. 38153]. Lectotype selection not correct, Lucena et al. 2022:60 [ref. 39823]. •Valid as Nandopsis autochthon (Günther 1862) -- (Burgess 2000:48 [ref. 24818]). •Synonym of Cichlasoma facetum (Jenyns 1842) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Synonym of Australoheros facetus (Jenyns 1842) -- (Říčan & Kullander 2008:4 [ref. 29548], Ottoni et al. 2011:144 [ref. 31378] with question, Litz & Koerber 2014:35 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:59 [ref. 35117]). •Status uncertain, not in Australoheros -- (Ottoni 2012:93 [ref. 31900]). •Valid as Australoheros autochthon (Günther 1862) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:28 [ref. 34357]). •Status uncertain -- (Ottoni & Bragança 2021:5 [ref. 38153] as nomen dubium). •Synonym of Australoheros oblongus (Castelnau 1855) -- (Lucena et al. 2022:55 [ref. 39823]). Current status: Synonym of Australoheros oblongus (Castelnau 1855). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

autrani, Australoheros Ottoni [F. P.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2008:209, Fig. 1 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29909] Rio Aldeia Velham, BR-101, no São João basin, Município de Silva Jardim, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 7256. Paratypes: MCP 42364 (2), MTD F 31319 (1), plus 9 lots at UFRJ. •Valid as Australoheros autrani Ottoni & Costa 2008 -- (Ottoni 2010:24 [ref. 30818], Ottoni et al. 2011:138 [ref. 31378], Ottoni 2012:84 [ref. 31900], Ottoni 2013:166 [ref. 32901], Říčan et al. 2016:28 [ref. 34357], Ottoni et al. 2019:52 [ref. 36553], Silva et al. 2022:[3] [ref. 39644]). •Synonym of Australoheros ipatinguensis Ottoni & Costa 2008 -- (Lucena et al. 2022:84 [ref. 39823]). Current status: Synonym of Australoheros ipatinguensis Ottoni & Costa 2008. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

avium, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1929:389 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 16); ref. 16056] Lake Albert [Lake Albert Nyanza]. Syntypes: (1 + 7) BMNH 1929.2.15.3 (primary specimen), BMNH 1929.2.15.1 (1), 1929.2.15.9 and 10 (1?, 1?). Description based on a 52-mm TL specimen that is technically probably a syntype but treated as holotype by authors. •Valid as Thoracochromis avium (Regan 1929) -- (Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367]). •Valid as Haplochromis avium Regan 1929 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:107 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis avium Regan 1929. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Albert. Habitat: freshwater.

awani, Aequidens Haseman [J. D.] 1911:335, Pl. 55 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (18); ref. 12510] São Antonio de Guaporé, Rio Guaporé, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54036 [ex CM 2576]. Paratypes: FMNH 54037 [ex CM 2577] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:94 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:5 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Aequidens viridis (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:609 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Aequidens viridis (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

axelrodi, Chuco Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1971:15, Figs. [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 20 (no. 4); ref. 7562] Río Aguaro, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 206097. Paratypes: USNM 206098 (4). Technically described earlier by Axelrod, H. 1971, Trop. Fish Hobby. v. 20 (no. 1), p. 5, with no types mentioned; apparently not intended as a new name proposal and perhaps should be suppressed. Also described as new in Fernández-Yépez 1977:73 [ref. 8934]. •Synonym of Hypselecara coryphaenoides (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:637 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hypselecara coryphaenoides (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

axelrodi, Cynotilapia Burgess [W. E.] 1976:37, Figs. [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 25 (no. 2); ref. 7372] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: USNM 216429. Paratypes: AMNH 37033 (2); BMNH 1976.11.19.1 (1); USNM 216430 (2). •Valid as Cynotilapia axelrodi Burgess 1976 -- (Maréchal 1991:68 [ref. 20944], Tawal 2002:76 [ref. 26903], Konings 2016:198 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Cynotilapia axelrodi Burgess 1976. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

axelrodi, Parananochromis Lamboj [A.] & Stiassny [M. L. J.] 2003:3, Figs. 1, 2a [Zootaxa No. 209; ref. 27430] Just inside mouth of Bale creek in forest, 0°30'53.9"N, 12°48'21.2"E, mouth of Bale creek into Ivindo, Ivindo system, Gabon. Holotype: AMNH 230714. Paratypes: AMNH 233350 (3, 1 c&s), 233351 (1), 230665 (1); CUMV 87044 (1); MHNG 2203.047 (1); MRAC-A2-046-P-1 (1). •Valid as Parananochromis axelrodi Lamboj & Stiassny 2003 -- (Stiassny et al. 2007:289 [ref. 30045], Lamboj 2009:48 [ref. 30314], Lamboj 2014:57 [ref. 33507], Fermon et al. 2022:247 [ref. 39448], Ibala Zamba et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39771]). Current status: Valid as Parananochromis axelrodi Lamboj & Stiassny 2003. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Ivindo River system (central Gabon) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

axelrodi, Symphysodon aequifasciata Schultz [L. P.] 1960:14, Figs. (p. 9) [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 8 (no. 10); ref. 11947] Belem, Amazon River, Brazil; correct is lower Rio Urubu, Tapajós River basin. Holotype: USNM 179831. Paratypes: USNM 179609-10 (9, 48). See Bleher et al. 2007:154 [ref. 29227] for type locality. •Synonym of Symphysodon haraldi Schultz 1960 -- (Bleher et al. 2007:154 [ref. 29227]). •Synonym of Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin 1904 -- (Kullander 1986:226 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:642 [ref. 27061], Ready et al. 2006:200 [ref. 29520], Amado et al. 2011:13 [ref. 38953]). Current status: Synonym of Symphysodon aequifasciatus Pellegrin 1904. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

azurea, Pundamilia Seehausen [O.] & Lippitsch [E.] in Seehausen, Lippitsch, Bouton & Zwennes 1998:180, Fig. 17; Pl. 4 e-f [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 23435] Speke Gulf, Ruti Island, Lake Victoria, Tanzania, depth 6 meters. Holotype: RMNH 33313. Paratypes: RMNH 33314 (1), 33315 (1), 33316-22 (7), 33323-28 (6), 33329 (1); TAFIRI 63-65 (3), 66-70 (5). Also appeared in Seehausen 1999:122, Fig. 17 [ref. 30987]. •Valid as Pundamilia azurea Seehausen & Lippitsch 1998. Current status: Valid as Pundamilia azurea Seehausen & Lippitsch 1998. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

azureus, Copadichromis Konings [A. F.] 1990:112, Figs. [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 38 (no. 11); ref. 20690] Mbenji Island, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 15-23 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1990.4.9.8. Paratypes: BMNH 1990.4.9.9-12 (4), 1990.4.9.13-17 (5). •Valid as Copadichromis azureus Konings 1990 -- (Maréchal 1991:51 [ref. 20944], Stauffer & Sato 2002:91 [ref. 26070], Chisambo & Snoeks 2004:264 [ref. 28115], Stauffer & Konings 2006:12, 15 [ref. 28633], Konings 2016:237 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Copadichromis azureus Konings 1990. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

azurifer, Aequidens Fowler [H. W.] 1911:515, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1384] Affluent of the Río Chimbo near Bucay, Guayas Province, western Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 39118. Paratypes: ANSP 39119-20 (2), FMNH 55908 [ex ANSP] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:56 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:5 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Aequidens rivulatus (Günther 1860) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:609 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther 1860) -- (Schindler & Morgenstern 2010:119 [ref. 31245], Wijkmark et al. 2012:118 [ref. 32299]). Current status: Synonym of Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther 1860). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

babaulti, Simochromis Pellegrin [J.] 1927:500 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 33 (no. 6); ref. 15872] Ouvira, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MNHN 1927-0318. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:221 [ref. 20868]. •Valid as Simochromis babaulti Pellegrin 1927 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:454 [ref. 20946]). •Valid as Pseudosimochromis babaulti (Pellegrin 1927) -- (Konings 2015:230 [ref. 34660], Van Steenberge et al. 2015:36 [ref. 35550], Konings 2019:244 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Pseudosimochromis babaulti (Pellegrin 1927). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika and Lukuga River. Habitat: freshwater.

badiipinnis, Geophagus Cope [E. D.] 1872:251, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 9038. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander 1986:73 [ref. 12439], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:25 [ref. 14136], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:620 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

baenschi, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Hahn [I.], Römer [E.], Soares [D. P.] & Wöhler [M.] 2004:16, Figs. 1-5, 7-13 [Das Aquarium, Monatsmagazin für Vivaristik v. 38 (no. 422); ref. 27791] Tributary of Rio Shanushi, lower Rio Hualaga System, Peru, near 6°03'S, 77°53'W. Holotype: MTD 26965. Paratypes: CAS 219381-86 (6), 219388-92 (5); MTD F26964 (1), F28102-08 (7), F28109-14 (6); SMF 29765a-b (2), 29765c-d (2); ZFMK 39828-29 (2), 39830-31 (2). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:127 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Apistogramma baenschi Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler 2004 -- (Römer 2006:426 [ref. 28970], Römer et al. 2015:329 [ref. 34003], Staeck 2017:39 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma baenschi Römer, Hahn, Römer, Soares & Wöhler 2004. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Maranon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

baenschi, Aulonocara Meyer [M. K.] & Riehl [R.] in Baensch & Riehl 1985:836, Fig. [Mergus Verlag für Natur- und Heimtierkunde, Melle v. 2; ref. 8186] Nkhomo, 8 kilometers west of Benga, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: SMF 20041. Paratypes: SMF 20042-56 (15). •Valid as Aulonocara baenschi Meyer & Riehl 1985 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:149 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:11 [ref. 20944], Tawil 2003:94 [ref. 28055], Konings 2016:250 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Aulonocara baenschi Meyer & Riehl 1985. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

bakongo, Haplochromis Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1964:163, Fig. 2 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 70 (no. 1-2); ref. 3698] Ngombe River at Banza Mfinda, Lower Congo. Holotype: MRAC 142002. Paratypes: MRAC 142003-09 (7), 142010-11 (2), 16945-47 (3), 16960-62 (3), 16996-99 (4). •Valid as Haplochromis bakongo Thys van den Audenaerde 1964 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:107 [ref. 20956], Wamuini Lunkayilakio & Vreven 2010:279 [ref. 31038] in 'Haplochromis', Schedel et al. 2014:147 [ref. 33459]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis bakongo Thys van den Audenaerde 1964. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa: Lower Congo River system. Habitat: freshwater.

bakossiorum, Tilapia Stiassny [M. L. J.], Schliewen [U. K.] & Dominey [W. J.] 1992:327, Figs. 9, 10a, 11; Pl. 1d [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 20001] Lake Bermin, South-West Province, Nguti subdivision, 5°09'30.00"N, 9°38'0.00"E, Cameroon. Holotype: ZSM 27636. Paratypes: AMNH 98099 (2), ZSM 27637 (3). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:251 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Tilapia bakossiorum Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey 1992 -- (Stiassny et al. 2007:375 [ref. 30045], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:275 [ref. 31064], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon bakossiorum (Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey 1992) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Coptodon bakossiorum (Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey 1992). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Lake Bermin, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

baliodigma, Melanochromis Bowers [N. J.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1997:60, Fig. 10 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 22861] Lake Malawi, Membe Island, 12°03'S, 34°37'E, Malawi, depth 5 meters. Holotype: PSU 2563.1. Paratypes: ANSP 175086 (2), MFRU 35 (2), PSU 2563.2 (4), USNM 343718 (3). •Valid as Melanochromis baliodigma Bowers & Stauffer 1997 -- (Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30309], Konings & Stauffer 2012:21 [ref. 31871], Konings 2016:110 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Melanochromis baliodigma Bowers & Stauffer 1997. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

baloni, Tilapia Trewavas [E.] & Stewart [D. J.] 1975:192, Figs. 1-2 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 28 (no. 5); ref. 7292] Nsenga stream, tributary of Upper Luongo, Zambia. Holotype: ROM 28120. Paratypes: BMNH 1974.4.23.1 [ex ROM 28071] (1), 1974.4.23.2-4 [ex ROM 28120] (3); ROM 28071 (3), 28120 (12). •Valid as Tilapia baloni Trewavas & Stewart 1975 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:482 [ref. 20943], Dunz & Schliewen 2013:75 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Tilapia baloni Trewavas & Stewart 1975. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Zambian Congo system. Habitat: freshwater.

balteatus, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:85, 97 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Karonga or Vua, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], Malawi, southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1935.6.14.2420. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1935.6.14.2421-2422 (2). Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:211 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Maravichromis balteatus (Trewavas 1935) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:210 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:252 [ref. 20944]). •Valid as Mylochromis balteatus (Trewavas 1935) -- (Konings 2016:302 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Mylochromis balteatus (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

balteatus, Heros Gill [T. N.] in Gill & Bransford 1877:184 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 29; ref. 1714] Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua. Syntypes: BMNH 1905.3.27.3 [ex USNM] (1). •Synonym of Cichlasoma nicaraguense (Günther 1864) -- (Conkel 1993:147 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Copora nicaraguensis (Günther 1864). •Synonym of Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (Günther 1864) -- (Kullander & Hartel 1997:195 [ref. 22732], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:637 [ref. 27061], Schmitter-Soto 2007:64 [ref. 29310]). Current status: Synonym of Hypsophrys nicaraguensis (Günther 1864). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

balzanii, Geophagus Perugia [A.] 1891:623 [23] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 10; ref. 3431] Cáceres (formerly Villa María), Río Paraguay, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MSNG 7683. On p. 23 of separate. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891) -- (Gosse 1976:126 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:268 [ref. 6638], Wimburger et al. 1998:510 [ref. 23857], Britski et al. 1999:146 [ref. 24147], Casciotta et al. 2000:53 [ref. 24908], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:155 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Staeck 2006:104 [ref. 29421], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Malabarba et al. 2015:660 [ref. 34105], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34561], Koerber 2016:142 [ref. 35012], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267], Casciotta et al. 2017:19 [ref. 35727], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:55 [ref. 37939], Reis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:151 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin and lower Uruguay drainage (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

bangwelensis, Tylochromis Regan [C. T.] 1920:167, Fig. 2d [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 5 (no. 26); ref. 15252] Lake Bangwelu, Zambia. Lectotype: BMNH 1905.11.20.25. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1905.11.20.26 (1) and .27-28 (2), 1920.5.26.167 (1). Lectotype selected by Stiassny 1989:141 [ref. 20088]. •Valid as Tylochromis bangwelensis Regan 1920 -- (Stiassny 1991:526 [ref. 20964]). Current status: Valid as Tylochromis bangwelensis Regan 1920. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central and southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

barbarae, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1967:93, Fig. 18 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 7965] Beach near Nasu Point, Buvuma Channel, Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1966.2.21.5. Paratypes: BMNH 1966.3.9.243 (1) and .244-251 (8?). •Valid as Haplochromis barbarae Greenwood 1967 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:107 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis barbarae Greenwood 1967. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

barbosae, Australoheros Ottoni [F. P.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2008:213, Fig. 6 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29909] Between Município de Passa Vinte and Santa Rita de Jacutinga, tributary of rio Bananal, rio Preto basin 24 kilometers from Passa Vinte, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 7558. Paratypes: UFRJ 4092 (10), 7561 (4 c&s); MCP 42368 (2); MNRJ 19640 (1). •Valid as Australoheros barbosae Ottoni & Costa 2008 -- (Ottoni 2010:24 [ref. 30818], Ottoni et al. 2011:138 [ref. 31378], Ottoni 2012:84 [ref. 31900], Říčan et al. 2016:28 [ref. 34357], Ottoni et al. 2019:52 [ref. 36553], Reis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 38364]). •Synonym of Australoheros oblongus (Castelnau 1855) -- (Lucena et al. 2022:55 [ref. 39823]). Current status: Synonym of Australoheros oblongus (Castelnau 1855). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bareli, Haplochromis van Oijen [M. J. P.] 1991:21, Figs. 3, 9-25, 104 [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 272; ref. 20098] Mwanza Gulf, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Tanzania. Holotype: RMNH 29600. Paratypes: ANSP 168239-40 (2); BMNH 1987.2.4.18-19 [ex RMNH 29618 and 29645] (2); MNHN 1987-1668 (1); RMNH 29601-03 (3), 29607-17 (11), 29619-29 (11), 29632-44 (13), 29646-51 (6), 29654-55 (2), 30382-83 (2), 30388 (1). •Valid as Haplochromis bareli van Oijen 1991. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis bareli van Oijen 1991. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

baringoensis, Oreochromis niloticus Trewavas [E.] 1983:177, Fig. 61 [ ref. 20940] Baringo Lake, Kenya. Holotype: BMNH 1933.2.23.12. Paratypes: BMNH 1933.2.23.13-22 (10). •Synonym of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies baringoensis Trewavas 1983 as described -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:328 [ref. 20954], Seegers et al. 2003:44 [ref. 28087]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

barlowi, Apistogramma Römer [U.] & Hahn [I.] 2008:50, Figs. 1-8, 10 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 1); ref. 30725] Small forest creek, tributary to rio Ampiyaca-system, about 71°55'W, 03°10'S, vicinity of El Pozo, District Pebas, Province Mariscal Ramon Castilla, Departamento Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 30727. Paratypes: many at CAS, FMNH, MTD. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Apistogramma barlowi Römer & Hahn 2008 -- (Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745] as cf. barlowi, Römer et al. 2017:153 [ref. 35309], Staeck 2017:41 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma barlowi Römer & Hahn 2008. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Peru and ?Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

barlowi, Pseudotropheus McKaye [K. R.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1986:871, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1986 (no. 4); ref. 8073] Nakantenga Island, 34°39'E, 13°55'S, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 12-15 meters. Holotype: USNM 274782. Paratypes: BMNH 1985.10.23.1-4 (4); USNM 274783-84 (4, 1). •Valid as Pseudotropheus barlowi McKaye & Stauffer 1986 -- (Maréchal 1991:402 [ref. 20944]). •Valid as Metriaclima barlowi (McKaye & Stauffer 1986) -- (Stauffer et al. 1997 [ref. 23216], Konings & Stauffer 2006:233 [ref. 28844], Ciccotto et al. 2011:1 [ref. 31119], Stauffer et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32704], Konings 2016:187 [ref. 34521]). •Valid as Maylandia barlowi (McKaye & Stauffer 1986) -- (Ufermann 2001:60 [ref. 30286]). Current status: Valid as Maylandia barlowi (McKaye & Stauffer 1986). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

bartoni, Acara Bean [T. H.] 1892:286, Pl. 44 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 15 (no. 903); ref. 14505] Huazteca [Huasteca] Potosina, northern San Luis Potosi State, Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 43765. Paralectotypes: USNM 43765 (3 of 4). Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 232, p. 3281 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. See also Pérez-Miranda et al. 2017:AppendixS2 [ref. 35682]. •Valid as Acara bartoni Bean 1892 -- (Herrera 1896:59 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Cichlasoma bartoni (Bean 1892) -- (Conkel 1993:115 [ref. 22949], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:65 [ref. 22290], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Nandopsis bartoni (Bean 1892) -- (Burgess 2000:48 [ref. 24818]). •Valid as "Cichlasoma" bartoni (Bean 1892) -- (Miller 2006:363 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Nosferatu bartoni (Bean, 1892) -- (De la Maza-Benignos et al. 2015:210 [ref. 32982], McMahan et al. 2015:220 [ref. 33920]). •Valid as Herichthys bartoni (Bean 1892) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:635 [ref. 27061], Chakrabarty 2007:22 [ref. 29359], Scharpf 2009:7 [ref. 30400], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], De la Maza-Benignos & De Lordes Lozano-Vilano 2013:119 [ref. 32982], Mejía et al. 2015:65 [ref. 33860], Říčan et al. 2016:40 [ref. 34357], Pérez-Miranda et al. 2017:AppendixS2 [ref. 35682], Pérez-Miranda et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37473]). Current status: Valid as Herichthys bartoni (Bean 1892). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Laguna de la Media Luna area and some parts of the Upper Río Verde (Atlantic Slope of Mexico). Habitat: freshwater.

bartoni, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1962:161, Fig. 7 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 5925] Ekunu Bay, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype: BMNH 1962.3.2.277. Paratypes: BMNH 1962.3.2.278-82 (5), .83-86 (4), .87-92 (6), .93-98 (6), .99-300 (2), .301 (1), .302 (1), .303-306 (4), .307-313 (7). •Valid as Haplochromis bartoni Greenwood 1962 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:108 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis bartoni Greenwood 1962. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

basilaris, Heros Gill [T. N.] in Gill & Bransford 1877:182 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 29; ref. 1714] Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua. Syntypes: BMNH 1905.3.27.4 [ex USNM] (1). •Synonym of Cichlasoma citrinellum (Günther 1864) -- (Conkel 1993:83 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther 1864) -- (Kullander & Hartel 1997:195 [ref. 22732], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:610 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther 1864). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bassamkhalafi, Oreochromis mossambicus Khalaf [N. A. B. A. T.] 2009:2, Figs. [Gazelle: The Palestinian Biological Bulletin v. 27 (no. 92); ref. 30575] Wadi Al Wurayah Pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Holotype: OMBK-1 [Norman Ali Khalaf-von Jaffe's coll.]. Original description does not give a differential diagnosis, not available. •Apparently introduced; validity and possibility that this is based on a hybrid needs study (pers. comm. T.Litz, 11/17/09). Hybrid. Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae.

batesii, Pelmatochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1901:114 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 8 (no. 44) (art. 18); ref. 14750] Benito River, French Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1901.8.1.158-160 (3), MRAC 7097 (1). •Valid as Chromidotilapia batesii (Boulenger 1901) -- (Daget 1991:47 [ref. 20947]). •Valid as Benitochromis batesii (Boulenger 1901) -- (Lamboj 2001:19 [ref. 25648], Lamboj 2002:255 [ref. 26537], Stiassny et al. 2007:327 [ref. 30045], Fermon et al. 2022:243 [ref. 39448] with question). Current status: Valid as Benitochromis batesii (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon south to Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

bathyphilus, Xenotilapia ochrogenys Poll [M.] 1956:279, Fig. [Exploration Hydrobiologique du Lac Tanganika (1946-1947). Résultats scientifiques. v. 3 (fasc. 5 B); ref. 12591] Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 109417. Paratypes: IRSNB 286-293 (14, 28, 4, 5, 40, 17, 10, 5); MRAC 109418 (1), 109419-31 (13). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:41 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:73 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Xenotilapia bathyphilus Poll 1956 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:537 [ref. 20946] as bathyphila, Takahashi 2003:46 [ref. 26772] as bathyphila, Konings 2015:318 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:336 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Xenotilapia bathyphilus Poll 1956. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

bayoni, Hemitilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1908:6, Fig. [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 3). v. 4; ref. 17955] Bugala, Sesse Islands, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda. Lectotype: MSNG 13005 (77 mm). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1908.10.19.6 (1), MSNG 13005 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:338 [ref. 10350]. Lectotype selected by Tortonese 1963:338 [ref. 10350]. •Synonym of Haplochromis obliquidens (Hilgendorf 1888) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:154 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Synonym of Haplochromis obliquidens (Hilgendorf 1888). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bayoni, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1909:304, Fig. [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 3). v. 4 (no. 44); ref. 14369] Sesse Islands, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda. Lectotype: MSNG 12976. Paralectotypes: (2) BMNH 1909.5.4.3 (1). Possible type in MSNG 12980 (now 6). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:338 [ref. 10350]. Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1962:149 [ref. 5925]. •Valid as Haplochromis bayoni (Boulenger 1909) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:108 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis bayoni (Boulenger 1909). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

bayoni, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:72 [9], Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 3). v. 5 (no. 45); ref. 580] Kakindu, Victoria Nile, Uganda. Lectotype: MSNG 12932. Paralectotypes: (8) BMNH 1911.3.3.124-126 (3) Kakindu; MSNG 12933 (4). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:337 [ref. 10350] with 12932 as holotype. On p. 9 of separate. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Paratilapia bayoni Boulenger 1909, replaced by Haplochromis niloticus Greenwood 1960. Lectotype regarded as established by Greenwood 1960:245 [ref. 11917] where he refers to Genoa Mus. no. 12932 as the holotype. •Objective synonym of Haplochromis niloticus Greenwood 1960 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:150 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Synonym of Haplochromis niloticus Greenwood 1960. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

beadlei, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1933:325, Fig. 5C [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 38 (no. 259); ref. 16530] Lake Nabugabo, eastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1933.2.23.221. Paratypes: BMNH 1933.2.23.222-230 (?). •Valid as Haplochromis beadlei Trewavas 1933 -- (Greenwood 1965:335 [ref. 20617], van Oijen et al. 1991:108 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis beadlei Trewavas 1933. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Nabugabo. Habitat: freshwater.

beani, Heros Jordan [D. S.] 1889:332 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 719); ref. 10479] Río Presidio, near Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.27.190 [from Jordan] (1); FMNH 6231 [ex USNM 37145] (1); MCZ 36014 [ex USNM 37145] (1); USNM 37145 (5, now 3), 37165 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:46 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Parapetenia beani (Jordan 1889) -- (Hernandez-Rolon 1990:12 [ref. 20688]). •Valid as Nandopsis beani (Jordan 1889) -- (Burgess 2000:48 [ref. 24818]). •Valid as Cichlasoma beani (Jordan 1889) -- (Conkel 1993:116 [ref. 22949], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:65 [ref. 22290], Fuller et al. 1999:418 [ref. 25838], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma', Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2009:5 [ref. 30400], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as "Cichlasoma" beani (Jordan 1889) -- (Miller 2006:363 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:262 [ref. 31114]). •Valid as Mayaheros beani (Jordan 1889) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Mayaheros beani (Jordan 1889). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

bellcrossi, Hemibates Poll [M.] 1976:1017, Fig. 1 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 90 (no. 4); ref. 7457] Off Mutondwe Island, southern Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 77-3-P-1. Paratypes: MRAC 77-3-P-2 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:46 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Limnochromis bellcrossi (Poll 1976) -- (Bailey & Stewart 1977:4 [ref. 7230], Maréchal & Poll 1991:99 [ref. 20946]). •Valid as Greenwoodochromis bellcrossi (Poll 1976) -- (Poll & Gosse 1995:245 [ref. 24781], Konings 2015:380 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:402 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Greenwoodochromis bellcrossi (Poll 1976). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

bellicosus, Chindongo Li [S.], Konings [A. F.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 2016:374, Figs. 8A, 9A, 10 [Zootaxa 4168 (no. 2); ref. 34737] Zimbawe Rock, Lake Malawi, Malawi, Africa, 13°57.919'S, 34°48.167'E. Holotype: PSU 12576. Paratypes: PSU. •Valid as Chindongo bellicosus Li, Konings & Stauffer 2016. Current status: Valid as Chindongo bellicosus Li, Konings & Stauffer 2016. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

bellicosus, Haplochromis Ahl [E.] 1926:56 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1926; ref. 77] Langenburg, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): ZMB 22711. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Champsochromis caeruleus (Boulenger 1908) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:250 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:40 [ref. 20944]). Current status: Synonym of Champsochromis caeruleus (Boulenger 1908). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bellodorsalis, Pelmatochromis Brüning [C.] 1930:255, fig. [Der Aquarienfisch- und Naturfreund No. 16; ref. 33441] Africa (aquarium import). Received from T. Litz, Aug. 7, 2014. •Status uncertain. Possibly Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage 1882) [RVL]. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

belone, Theraps Allgayer [R.] 1989:6, Figs. [Revue française des Cichlidophiles v. 10 (no. 90); ref. 20696] La Culebra sur le Río Chocolja, Chiapas, Mexico. Holotype: MNHN 1989-581. Paratypes: MNHN 1989-0582 (2). •Synonym of Cichlasoma coeruleus (Stawikowski & Werner 1987) -- (Conkel 1993:152 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Theraps irregularis Günther 1862 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:643 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Theraps irregularis Günther 1862. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bemini, Tilapia Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1972:93, Fig. 1 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 85 (nos 1-2); ref. 7651] Lake Bemin [Bermin], Cameroon. Holotype: MRAC 174739. Paratypes: MRAC 174740-41 (2), 174742-44 (3), 174745 (1). •Valid as Tilapia bemini Thys van den Audenaerde 1972 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:483 [ref. 20943], Stiassny et al. 1992:332 [ref. 20001], Stiassny et al. 2007:373 [ref. 30045], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:275 [ref. 31064], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon bemini (Thys van den Audenaerde 1972) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Coptodon bemini (Thys van den Audenaerde 1972). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Lake Bermin, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

benetos, Melanochromis Bowers [N. J.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1997:64, Fig. 13 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 22861] Lake Malawi, Mpanga Rocks, 10°24'S, 34°15'E, Malawi, depth 10 meters. Holotype: PSU 2654.1. Paratypes: ANSP 175088 (2), PSU 2654.2 (3), MFRU 37 (2), USNM 343720 (3). •Mention -- (Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30309]). •Valid as Pseudotropheus benetos (Bowers & Stauffer 1997) -- (Konings & Stauffer 2012:21 [ref. 31871], Konings 2016:273 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Pseudotropheus benetos (Bowers & Stauffer 1997). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

benetos, Metriaclima Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], Bowers [N. J.], Kellogg [K. A.] & McKaye [K. R.] 1997:202, Figs. 17-19 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 148; ref. 23216] Mazinzi Reef, Lake Malawi, Malawi, Africa, depth 10-15 meters. Holotype: PSU 3058. Paratypes: ANSP 176199 (3), MFU 28 (3), PSU 3059 (9), USNM 349125 (3). •Valid as Metriaclima benetos Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997 -- (Albertson et al. 1999:5108 [ref. 25258], Konings & Stauffer 2006:234 [ref. 28844], Ciccotto et al. 2011:1 [ref. 31119], Stauffer et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32704], Konings 2016:185 [ref. 34521], Li et al. 2016:379 [ref. 34737]). •Valid as Maylandia benetos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997) -- (Ufermann 2001:61 [ref. 30286]). Current status: Valid as Maylandia benetos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

beniensis, Bujurquina Careaga [M.], Miranda [G.] & Carvajal-Vallejos [F. M.] 2023:Figs. 3-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 40293] Nuevo Tunari community’s stream, Río Beni drainage, Amazon basin, Sud Yungas Province, La Paz Department, Bolivia, 15°20'58.93"S, 67°10'40.59"W. Holotype: UMSS 18501. Paratypes: CBF, UMSS. •Valid as Bujurquina beniensis Careaga, Miranda & Carvajal-Vallejos 2023. Current status: Valid as Bujurquina beniensis Careaga, Miranda & Carvajal-Vallejos 2023. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Río Beni drainage, Río Madeira basin, western Amazon basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

benthicola, Haplochromis Matthes [H.] 1962:46, Pl. 3 (fig. b) [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 111; ref. 6071] Kalundu, Lake Tanganyika, depth 10-40 meters. Holotype: MRAC 130.524. Paratypes: MRAC 130.525-26 (1, 1). See Takahashi 2003:379 [ref. 27540]. •Valid as Haplochromis benthicola Matthes 1962 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:109 [ref. 20956]). •Valid as Ctenochromis benthicola (Matthes 1962) -- (Poll & Gosse 1995:229 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as "Ctenochromis" benthicola (Matthes 1962) -- (Takahashi et al. 2006:58 [ref. 28587]). •Valid as Trematochromis benthicola (Matthes 1962) -- (Geerts 2006:99 [ref. 31663], Konings 2015:215 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:228 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Trematochromis benthicola (Matthes 1962). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

benthicola, Sciaenochromis Konings [A. F.] 1993:35, Figs. [The Cichlids Yearbook v. 3; ref. 21304] Kaporo, Malawi, east Africa. Holotype (unique): MRAC 92-146-P-3. •Valid as Sciaenochromis benthicola Konings 1993 -- (Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:300 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:360 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Sciaenochromis benthicola Konings 1993. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

betsileana, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:139, Fig. [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899 (pt 1); ref. 14695] Betsileo, Madagascar. Lectotype: BMNH 1882.2.25.69. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1882.2.25.70 (1). Type catalog: Fricke et al. 2018:259 [ref. 35805]. Lectotype selected by Reinthal & Stiassny 1997:358 [ref. 22780]. •Valid as Ptychochromoides betsileanus (Boulenger 1899) -- (Maréchal & Gosse 1991:419 [ref. 20961], Reinthal & Stiassny 1997:358 [ref. 22780], Sparks & Reinthal 2001:119 [ref. 25365], Sparks 2002:547 [ref. 26376], Sparks 2003:324 [ref. 27400], Sparks 2004:5 [ref. 27850], Sparks & Stiassny 2010:47 [ref. 30695], Sparks et al. 2012:17 [ref. 32021], Fricke et al. 2018:259 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Ptychochromoides betsileanus (Boulenger 1899). Cichlidae: Ptychochrominae. Distribution: Western and southwestern Madagascar. Habitat: freshwater.

bicolor, Haplochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:444 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 49); ref. 574] Bunjako, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.5.30.414. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1906.5.30.378 (1). Lectotype selected by Regan 1922:189 [ref. 3675]. •Valid as Macropleurodus bicolor (Boulenger 1906) -- (Greenwood 1983:211 [ref. 5364], van Oijen 1991:250 [ref. 20959], Poll & Gosse 1995:275 [ref. 24781], Greenwood 1995:350 [ref. 22137]). •Valid as Haplochromis bicolor Boulenger 1906 -- (van Oijen 1996:102 [ref. 22826]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis bicolor Boulenger 1906. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

bifasciatus, Heros Steindachner [F.] 1864:60 [4], Pl. 2 [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 13936] Mexico. Holotype (unique): NMW 74138. On p. 4 of separate. •Valid as Cichlasoma bifasciatum (Steindachner 1864) -- (Conkel 1993:137 [ref. 22949], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:66 [ref. 22290], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Paraneetroplus bifasciatus (Steindachner 1864) -- (McMahan et al. 2010:1298 [ref. 31111] as bifasciata, Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], Paepke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33351]). •Valid as Vieja bifasciata (Steindachner 1864) -- (Burgess 2000:50 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:645 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:380 [ref. 28615], McMahan 2015:216 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:45 [ref. 34357], Gómez-González et al. 2018:387 [ref. 35762], Moral-Flores et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36020], López-Segovia et al. 2020:111 [ref. 38151], Gómez-Martínez et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39506], González-Díaz et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39182], Chan et al. 2023:147 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Vieja bifasciata (Steindachner 1864). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America and Central America: Atlantic Slope (Mexico and Guatemala). Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

bifasciatus, Neolamprologus Büscher [H. H.] 1993:385, Figs. 2, 3-5; 2 unnumbered figs. [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 46 (no. 6); ref. 20757] About 10 kilometers north of Lunangwa-Fjords, 7°45'S, 30°30'E, about 100 kilometers south of Moba, Lake Tanganyika, Democratic Republic of Congo, depth 35 meters. Holotype: MRAC 93-44-P-1. Paratypes: MRAC 93-44-P-2-3 (2), 93-44-P-4 (1), 93-44-P-5 (1). •Valid as Neolamprologus bifasciatus Büscher 1993 -- (Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431], Kullander et al. 2014:326 [ref. 33244], Konings 2015:180 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:191 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus bifasciatus Büscher 1993. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

bifrenatus, Telmatochromis Myers [G. S.] 1936:12, Pl. 1 (fig. A) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 84 (no. 2998); ref. 13725] Kigoma, Lake Tanganyika, Africa. Holotype: USNM 84121. Paratypes: USNM 102112 (1). •Valid as Telmatochromis bifrenatus Myers 1936 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:474 [ref. 20946], Fuller et al. 1999:448 [ref. 25838] as cf. bifrenatus, Hanssens & Snoeks 2001:641 [ref. 26024], Hanssens & Snoeks 2003:609 [ref. 27468], Takahashi 2004:430 [ref. 28105], Kullander & Roberts 2012:362 [ref. 31751], Konings 2015:156 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:166 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Telmatochromis bifrenatus Myers 1936. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

bilineata, Tilapia Pellegrin [J.] 1900:276 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 6 (no. 6); ref. 14736] Ndele, Alima River, Upper Congo, western Africa. Lectotype: MNHN 1886-0455. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1886-0456 (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:222 [ref. 20868] with a holotype and paratype, but technically both are probably syntypes. Lectotype design Dunz et al. 2012:151 [ref. 32297]. •Valid as Tilapia bilineata Pellegrin 1900 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:483 [ref. 20943], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:275 [ref. 31064]). •Valid as Congolapia bilineata (Pellegrin 1900) -- (Dunz et al. 2012:155, 161 [ref. 32297]). Current status: Valid as Congolapia bilineata (Pellegrin 1900). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central African Republic. Habitat: freshwater.

bilineatus, Cichla Nakashima [S.] 1941:73, Figs. 2-3 [Boletín del Museo de Historia Natural "Javier Prado" v. 5 (no. 16); ref. 13189] Peruvian Amazon. No types known. Syntypes: ?MHNJP [= MUSM] •Synonym of Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz 1831 -- (Kullander 1986:51 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:620 [ref. 27061], Kullander & Ferreira 2006:319 [ref. 28883]). Current status: Synonym of Cichla monoculus Spix & Agassiz 1831. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bimaculata, Nannacara Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:488, Pl. 66 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Erukin, Guyana. Holotype (unique): FMNH 53799 [ex CM 2304]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:96 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:59 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Nannacara bimaculata Eigenmann 1912 -- (Kullander & Prada-Pedreros 1993:363 [ref. 21108], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:640 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:173 [ref. 27488]). •Valid as Ivanacara bimaculata (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Römer & Hahn 2006:1191 [ref. 28965], Staeck 2017:253 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Ivanacara bimaculata (Eigenmann 1912). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Potaro River and Essequibo River basins, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

bimaculata, Perca Bloch [M. E.] 1792:82, Pl. 310 (fig. 1) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 6; ref. 470] Brazil. On p. 71 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 9 [ref. 21381]. •Species inquirenda in Cichlidae -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:646 [ref. 27061]). Cichlidae: Cichlinae.

bimaculatus, Hemichromis Gill [T. N.] 1862:137 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1661] No locality, probably Liberia. Holotype: USNM 4097. •Valid as Hemichromis bimaculatus Gill 1862 -- (Lee et al. 1980:770 [ref. 22416], Lévêque et al. 1989:122 [ref. 26480], Paugy & Bénech 1989:304 [ref. 26478], McAllister 1990:154 [ref. 14674], Lévêque 1990:43 [ref. 19786], Paugy et al. 1990:342 [ref. 26477], Daget & Teugels 1991:187 [ref. 20957], Page & Burr 1991:330 [ref. 18983], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:740 [ref. 21590], Poll & Gosse 1995:265 [ref. 24781], Dankwa et al. 1999:47 [ref. 28023], Carpenter 2001:3336 [ref. 26131], Carpenter 2003:1693 [ref. 27092], Larson et al. 2013:168 [ref. 32988], Schelly & Stiassny in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2709 [ref. 34618], Pezold et al. 2016:106 [ref. 34870], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455]). •Valid as Rubricatochromis bimaculatus (Gill 1862) -- (Lamboj & Koblmüller 2022:[11] [ref. 39796]). Current status: Valid as Rubricatochromis bimaculatus (Gill 1862). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western Africa. Introduced in Florida (U.S.A.) and the Philippines. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

bimaculatus, Labrus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:285 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] [In Mediterraneo] (erroneous, is Brazil). Holotype (unique): NRM 7 from Brazil. Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:253-254 [ref. 20707]. Opinion 1954 in June 2000 established that bimaculatus is the type species of Cichlasoma and bimaculatus is a species of cichlid fishes. On the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology. •Valid as Labrus bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758) in Labridae (Bauchot & Quignard 1973:426 [ref. 7204], Lee et al. 1980:764 [ref. 22416], Quignard & Pras in Whitehead et al. 1986:927 [ref. 13676], Gomon & Forsyth 1990:875 [ref. 19219], Porteiro et al. 1996:30 [ref. 23330], Santos et al. 1997:96 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:95 [ref. 24952], Fricke 1999:44 [ref. 24101]). •Synonym of Labrus bimaculatus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:111 [ref. 26753]). •Valid as Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:253 [ref. 20707], Kullander 1983:65 [ref. 8319], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:131 [ref. 14136], Page & Burr 1991:332 [ref. 18983], Torelli et al. 1997:70 [ref. 24612] as bimaculatus, Fuller et al. 1999:419 [ref. 25838], Keith et al. 2000:216 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2009:5 [ref. 30400], Page & Burr 2011:611 [ref. 31215], Ottoni 2011:335 [ref. 31675], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[29] [ref. 35679], Robins et al. 2018:372 [ref. 35886], Carvalho-Filho 2023:197 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Cichlasoma bimaculatum (Linnaeus 1758). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Established in Florida (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

bimaculatus, Plecodus Steindachner [F.] 1909:426 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 46 (no. 25) (for 2 Dec. 1909); ref. 18814] Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: (2) NMW. •Synonym of Plecodus paradoxus Boulenger 1898 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:385 [ref. 20946]). •Synonym of Perissodus paradoxus (Boulenger 1898). Current status: Synonym of Perissodus paradoxus (Boulenger 1898). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

biocellata, Crenicichla Ihering [R. von] 1914:333 [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 9; ref. 14157] Rio Doce, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Holotype: DZSASP [now MZUSP] (not found). Paratypes: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 1781 (1). Type catalog: Britski 1969:210 [ref. 12401]. •Synonym of Crenicichla lacustris (Castelnau 1855) -- (Ploeg 1991:115 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:628 [ref. 27061], Kullander & Lucena 2006:131 [ref. 28747], Varella et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Crenicichla lacustris (Castelnau 1855). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

biocellatum, Cichlosoma Regan [C. T.] 1909:234 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 3 (no. 14); ref. 14416] Rio Negro at Mañaos, Brazil. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.12.5.30. Original genus should have been Cichlasoma. •Synonym of Cichlasoma octofasciatum (Regan 1903) -- (Conkel 1993:99 [ref. 22949], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:623 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Synonym of Rocio octofasciata (Regan 1903) -- (Schmitter-Soto 2007:57 [ref. 29310], Schmitter-Soto 2007:43 [ref. 29317]). Current status: Synonym of Rocio octofasciata (Regan 1903). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

biocellatus, Sparus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:298 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Suriname. Possible syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.2.24 (1). •Synonym of Crenicichla saxatilis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:631 [ref. 27061], Kullander & Lucena 2013:150 [ref. 32675], Varella et al. 2018:363 [ref. 35777]). •Synonym of Saxatilia saxatilis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Varella et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Saxatilia saxatilis (Linnaeus 1758). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

biriwira, Tropheops Li [S.], Konings [A. F.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 2016:365, Fig. 5 [Zootaxa 4168 (no. 2); ref. 34737] Otter Island, Lake Malawi, Malawi, Africa, 14°02.459'S, 34°49.296'E. Holotype: PSU 12767. Paratypes: PSU. The species is misspelled as biriwera in the abstract. •Valid as Tropheops biriwira Li, Konings & Stauffer 2016. Current status: Valid as Tropheops biriwira Li, Konings & Stauffer 2016. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

biseriatum, Cichlosoma (Aequidens) Regan [C. T.] 1913:471 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Río Condoto, tributary of the Rio San Juan, northwestern Colombia. Syntypes: BMNH 1913.10.1.80-88 (7 of 8). Original genus should have been Cichlasoma. •Valid as Aequidens biseriatus (Regan 1913) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Andinoacara biseriatus (Regan 1913) -- (Musilová et al. 2009:7 [ref. 30201], Musilová et al. 2009:131 [ref. 30601], Schindler & Morgenstern 2010:114 [ref. 31245], Wijkmark et al. 2012:118 [ref. 32299], Musilová et al. 2015:339 [ref. 35426], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:99 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Andinoacara biseriatus (Regan 1913). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Atrato, San Juan and Baudó River basins, Pacific coast of Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

bitaeniata, Apistogramma pertense var. Pellegrin [J.] 1936:56 [Bulletin de la Société Nationale d'Acclimatation de France v. 83; ref. 19743] Rio Madeira, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN 1935-0034. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1935-0035 (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:203 [ref. 20868], Kullander 1986:369 [ref. 12439]. Lectotype selected by Kullander 1980:97 [ref. 5526]. •Valid as Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:191 [ref. 12439], Römer 1994:10 [ref. 21306], Römer et al. 2003:27 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:20 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2004:29 [ref. 34102], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725], Staeck 2017:43 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma bitaeniata Pellegrin 1936. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

bitaeniatus, Chaetobranchopsis Ahl [E.] 1936:139 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1936 (nos 1-3); ref. 13681] Amazonas. Syntypes: ZMB 32381 (2). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis (Steindachner 1875) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:620 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis (Steindachner 1875). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bleekeri, Paratilapia Sauvage [H.-E.] 1891:444, Pls. 44 (fig. 1), 44a (10-10a) [Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de Madagascar; ref. 14503] Imerina, near Antananarivo, Madagascar. Syntypes: ?MNHN A-4195 and A-4196 (3, 1). •Synonym of Paratilapia polleni Bleeker 1868 -- (Maréchal & Gosse 1991:358 [ref. 20961], Fricke et al. 2018:252 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Paratilapia polleni Bleeker 1868. Cichlidae: Ptychochrominae. Habitat: freshwater.

bleheri, Steatocranus Meyer [M. K.] 1993:114, Fig. 1 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 47 (no. 9); ref. 20836] Lubumbashi, Kafubu River drainage, Luapula River basin, Shaba, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MTD F 11385. Paratypes: MTD F 11386-87 (2), SMF (?). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:29 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Steatocranus bleheri Meyer 1993 -- (Ibala Zamba et al. 2022:139 [ref. 39149]). Current status: Valid as Steatocranus bleheri Meyer 1993. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa: Luapula River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

blombergi, Andinoacara Wijkmark [N.], Kullander [S. O.] & Barriga Salazar [R. E.] 2012:119, 1, 2, 3a [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 32299] Pichincha, Río Esmeraldas drainage, 17 km downstream of Alluriquin, Río Toachi, Ecuador. Holotype: MEPN 11180. Paratypes: BMNH 1860.6.16.153 (1); GNM Pi-ex 3510-3516 (7); MNHG 2725.026 (3); NRM 13866 (10); ZSM 22143 (2). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Andinoacara blombergi Wijkmark, Kullander & Barriga Salazar 2012 -- (Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:310 [ref. 34894], Musilová et al. 2015:339 [ref. 35426]). Current status: Valid as Andinoacara blombergi Wijkmark, Kullander & Barriga Salazar 2012. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

bloyeti, Hemichromis Sauvage [H.-E.] 1883:159 [16] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 7; ref. 3897] Kandoa, Tanzania [Mkondowa River near Kilosa]. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.2.15.2 [ex MNHN] (1), MNHN A-6513 (5). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:212 [ref. 20868] as bloyetti. On p. 16 of separate. •Valid as Haplochromis bloyeti (Sauvage 1883) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:109 [ref. 20956], Seegers 1996:281 [ref. 23725], Seegers et al. 2003:43 [ref. 28087] as aff. bloyeti). •See Astatotilapia cf. bloyeti in Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:726 [ref. 21590]. •Valid as Astatotilapia bloyeti (Sauvage 1883) -- (Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Trape 2016:533 [ref. 34893]). Current status: Valid as Astatotilapia bloyeti (Sauvage 1883). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East Africa: coastal rivers, Tanzania. Habitat: freshwater.

boadzulu, Haplochromis Iles [T. D.] 1960:264, Fig. 4 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 2 (no. 17) (for May 1959); ref. 11919] Boadzulu Island, South East Arm, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1962.10.18.51. Paratypes: (11) BMNH 1962.10.18.52-58 (7). •Valid as Copadichromis boadzulu (Iles 1960) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:296 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:51 [ref. 20944], Stauffer & Sato 2002:91 [ref. 26070]). •Valid as Nyassachromis boadzulu (Iles 1960) -- (Stauffer & Konings 2006:12 [ref. 28633], Konings 2016:325 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Nyassachromis boadzulu (Iles 1960). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

bocourti, Neetroplus Vaillant [L. L.] & Pellegrin [J.] 1902:85 [1] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 14896] Lake Isabel, Guatemala. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1894-0241. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:216 [ref. 20868]. On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Herichthys bocourti (Vaillant & Pellegrin 1902) -- (Burgess 2000:48 [ref. 24818]). •Valid as Cichlasoma bocourti (Vaillant & Pellegrin 1902) -- (Conkel 1993:105 [ref. 22949], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:195 [ref. 22947], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Valid as Vieja boucourti (Vaillant & Pellegrin 1902) -- (Miller 2006:384 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Theraps bocourti (Vaillant & Pellegrini 1902) -- (McMahan et al. 2010:1299 [ref. 31111]). •Valid as Cincelichthys bocourti (Vaillant & Pellegrin 1902) -- (McMahan et al. 2015:223 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:42 [ref. 34357], Artigas Azas 2020:12 [ref. 37833]). Current status: Valid as Cincelichthys bocourti (Vaillant & Pellegrin 1902). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Atlantic slopes of Belize and Guatemala. Habitat: freshwater.

bodyi, Haplochromis Ahl [E.] 1926:58 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1926; ref. 77] Near Langenburg, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: (2) ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Taeniochromis holotaenia (Regan 1922) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:73 [ref. 13547]). Current status: Synonym of Taeniochromis holotaenia (Regan 1922). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

boliviense, Cichlasoma Kullander [S. O.] 1983:165, Pl. 8 (figs. 2-3) [A revision of the South American cichlid genus Cichlasoma; ref. 8319] Río Urugaita, River Guaporé basin, tributary of Río Quizer, 13 kilometers south of San Xavier, Dept. Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Holotype: IRSNB 677. Paratypes: (unclear about type status) ANSP 84095 (1); BMNH 1927.10.4.57-60 (4); FMNH 71881 (2); IRSNB 678-685 (3, 2, 4, 9, 58, 5, 3, 1); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 680] (2), [ex IRSNB 681] (4), [ex IRSNB 682] (27), [ex IRSNB 683] (2); NRM 39265 [ex IRSNB 683] (4 not 2), USNM 86790 (10), 86796 (5), uncat. (5); ZFMK 2199 (1), 2212-13 (2), 2219-21 (3) 2275-82 (8), 2299 (1), 2305-10 (6), 13461-65 (4, 1). Type catalog: Busse 1984:222 [ref. 28342], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:25 [ref. 12367], Walschaerts 1987:31 [ref. 20755], Herder et al. 2010:130 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Cichlasoma boliviense Kullander 1983 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:338 [ref. 12439], Lasso et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25928], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061], Ottoni 2011:335 [ref. 31675], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Cichlasoma boliviense Kullander 1983. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and Madre de Dios drainage and Mamoré River basin: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

bono, Pomotis Jardine [W.] & Schomburgk [R. H.] in Schomburgk 1843:171 [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Rivers of Guiana. No plate found, despite reference to "Plate XVIII" in text. Originally Pomotis ?. •Species inquirenda in Cichlidae -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:647 [ref. 27061]). Cichlidae: Cichlinae.

boops, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1967:47, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 7965] Off the southern tip of Buvuma Island, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1966.2.21.7. Paratypes: BMNH 1966.3.9.181-182 (1, 1). •Valid as Haplochromis boops Greenwood 1967 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:110 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis boops Greenwood 1967. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

boops, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:126, Fig. 9 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] Southwest Arm, Malawi, Lake Malawi, depth 104 meters. Holotype: MRAC 99-41-P-3859. Paratypes: MRAC 99-41-P-3860 (1), 99-41-P-3861 (1); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 46188 [ex RUSI 74-174] (1), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 64189 [ex RUSI 74-162] (1). •Valid as Placidochromis boops Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:406 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis boops Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

boops, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1901:5 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 7 (no. 37) (art. 1); ref. 5758] Msambu, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.9.6.152-153 (2). •Valid as Ophthalmotilapia boops (Boulenger 1901) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:303 [ref. 20946], Konings 2015:112 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:118 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Ophthalmotilapia boops (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: eastern Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

borealis, Lethrinops mylodon Eccles [D. H.] & Lewis [D. S. C.] 1979:16 [Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology No. 38; ref. 6939] Nkhata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, 11°36'S, 34°18'E, depth about 50 fathoms. Holotype: BMNH 1978.10.31.33. Paratypes: MFRU (1). •Synonym of Lethrinops mylodon Eccles & Lewis 1979, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Maréchal 1991:239 [ref. 20944]). Current status: Synonym of Lethrinops mylodon Eccles & Lewis 1979. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

borealis, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:189, Fig. 37 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] Wissman Bay, Tanzania, Lake Malawi, depth 53-61 meters. Holotype (unique): SADC/GEF-98/28/111/24 [MRAC 99-41-P-3943]. •Valid as Placidochromis borealis Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:408 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis borealis Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

borellii, Heterogramma Regan [C. T.] 1906:63 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 97) (art. 6); ref. 3626] Carandasiñho, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1900.4.14.12-15 (4). Additional material: BMNH 1895.1.30.2-4 (3) Colonia Risso, Brazil. •Valid as Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1999:144 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27366], Staeck 2003:21 [ref. 27488], Casciotta et al. 2003:152 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131] as borelli, Zarucki et al. 2010:192 [ref. 34811], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561] as borelli, Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565] as borelli, Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Staeck 2017:46 [ref. 35639], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:47 [ref. 37939], Loureiro et al. 2023:146 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma borellii (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraná basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

borkuana, Tilapia Pellegrin [J.] 1919:150 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 44 (no. 5/7); ref. 15223] Ounianga Sérir, Borkou, Sahara. Syntypes: BMNH 1919.8.15.2 [ex MNHN 1919-0026] (1); MNHN 1919-0019 to 0025 (7), 1919-0027 to 0029 (3). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:222 [ref. 20868]. •Synonym of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:426 [ref. 20954], Neumann et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31163]). Current status: Synonym of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus 1758). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

borleyi, Haplochromis Iles [T. D.] 1960:272, Fig. 8 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 2 (no. 17) (for May 1959); ref. 11919] Nkhata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1962.10.18.92. Paratypes: (19) BMNH 1962.10.18.93 (1), 1962.10.18.94-101 (8). •Valid as Copadichromis borleyi (Iles 1960) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:300 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:52 [ref. 20944], Stauffer & Sato 2002:91 [ref. 26070], Chisambo & Snoeks 2004:263, 264 [ref. 28115], Stauffer & Konings 2006:12 [ref. 28633], Konings 2016:124 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Copadichromis borleyi (Iles 1960). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

bosumtwensis, Chromidotilapia Paulo [J.] 1979:167, Fig. [DCG-Informationen (Deutsche Cichliden-Gesellschaft) v. 10 (no. 9); ref. 8432] Lake Bosumtwe, off village Abono, Ashanti Region, Ghana. Holotype: ZSM 24989/5. Paratypes: MRAC 73-05-P-268-273 (6); ZSM 24989/1-/2 (1, 1), 24989/3 (1), 24989/6 (1). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:249 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Chromidotilapia bosumtwensis Paulo 1979 -- (Daget 1991:47 [ref. 20947]). •Synonym of Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage 1882) -- (Lamboj 1994:345 [ref. 22310] as guentheri). Current status: Synonym of Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage 1882). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bouchellei, Cichlasoma Fowler [H. W.] 1923:29 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 75; ref. 15402] Tunky Bin River above Eden, Nicaragua. Holotype: ANSP 51222. Paratypes: ANSP 51223-24 (2), 51225-30 (6), 51231-32 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Cichlasoma alfari Meek 1907 -- (Bussing 1987:188 [ref. 22927], Conkel 1993:87 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Astatheros alfari (Meek 1907) -- (Bussing 1998:320 [ref. 24179]). •Synonym of Amphilophus alfari (Meek 1907) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:609 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Cribroheros alfari (Meek 1907). Current status: Synonym of Cribroheros alfari (Meek 1907). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Enantiopus Poll [M.] 1942:349 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 36 (no. 4); ref. 3516] Rumonge, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype (unique): MRAC 43036. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:39 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Xenotilapia boulengeri (Poll 1942) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:537 [ref. 20946], Takahashi & Nakaya 1997:340 [ref. 23358], Takahashi 2003:46 [ref. 26772], Konings 2015:320 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:339 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Xenotilapia boulengeri (Poll 1942). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Julidochromis Steindachner [F.] 1909:400 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 46 (no. 24) (for 18 Nov. 1909); ref. 18811] Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: (several) NMW 22799-803 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Neolamprologus boulengeri (Steindachner 1909) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:274 [ref. 20946], Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431]). •Valid as Lepidiolamprologus boulengeri (Steindachner 1909) -- (Konings 2015:349 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:370 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Lepidiolamprologus boulengeri (Steindachner 1909). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: northern Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Pelmatochromis Lönnberg [E.] 1903:39 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 67) (art. 2); ref. 15035] Meme River, southern Cameroon. Syntypes: NRM 39285 (3), ZMUU (?). Type catalog: Wallin 1996:62 [ref. 32133]. •Synonym of Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage 1882) -- (Daget 1991:48 [ref. 20947] as guentheri). Current status: Synonym of Chromidotilapia guntheri (Sauvage 1882). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Retroculus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Bray [W. L.] 1894:614 [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 7 (art. 4); ref. 1248] Brazil. Holotype (unique): USNM 152111. •Synonym of Retroculus lapidifer (Castelnau 1855) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:641 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Retroculus lapidifer (Castelnau 1855). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Tilapia Pellegrin [J.] 1903:121 [2] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 15037] Nganchou, Upper Congo. Holotype: MNHN 1886-0461. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:222 [ref. 20868] as boulangeri. On p. 2 of separate. •Synonym of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:426 [ref. 20954], Neumann et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31163], Stiassny et al. 2021:1688 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:249 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Synonym of Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linnaeus 1758). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

boultoni, Haplochromis Nichols [J. T.] & LaMonte [F. R.] 1931:4, Fig. 2 [American Museum Novitates No. 451; ref. 16313] Karonga, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], Malawi, southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): AMNH 9684. •Synonym of Champsochromis caeruleus (Boulenger 1908) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:250 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:40 [ref. 20944]). Current status: Synonym of Champsochromis caeruleus (Boulenger 1908). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bowleyi, Cleithrochromis Eccles [D. H.] in Axelrod 1974:80 [Cichlids of lakes Malawi and Tanganyika; ref. 20945] Original not seen. Not available, no distinguishing features. •In the synonymy of Alticorpus macrocleithrum (Stauffer & McKaye 1985) -- (Maréchal 1991:2 [ref. 20944]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alticorpus macrocleithrum (Stauffer & McKaye 1985). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae.

brachybranchus, Geophagus Kullander [S. O.] & Nijssen [H.] 1989:48, Figs. 26-28 [The cichlids of Surinam; ref. 14136] Above Blanche Marie Valen, Nickerie District, Suriname. Holotype: RMNH 30974. Paratypes: NRM 37079 (1, c&s), 43060-61 (3, 1); RMNH 30975-76 (2, 2), 30972-73 (7, 10); USNM 225837-39 (19, 1, 2), 226046-47 (2, 22), 226211 (73), 289513 (2); ZMA 106193 (19). •Valid as Geophagus brachybranchus Kullander & Nijssen -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:632 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:23 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Hauser & López-Fernández 2013:279 [ref. 32965]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus brachybranchus Kullander & Nijssen 1989. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Corantijn and Nickerie River drainages, and probably in Essequibo River basin: Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

brachygnathus, Telmatochromis Hanssens [M.] & Snoeks [J.] 2003:596, Figs. 1A, 3-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 63 (no. 3); ref. 27468] Cap Chaitika, Zambia. Holotype: MRAC 78-25-P-720. Paratypes: MRAC 331 (1), 112746-47 (2), 113118-19 (2), 112755-59 (5), 122760-61 (2), 112763-65 (3), 112781-84 (4), 74-4-P-415 (1), 423-27 (5), 434-439 (6), 78-25-P-721-722 (2), 723-725 (3), 84-23-P-100 (1), 101-102 (2), 92-81-P-695 (1), 741-742 (2), 915-916 (2), 968-971 (4), 1291 (1), 1298-99 (2). •Valid as Telmatochromis brachygnathus Hanssens & Snoeks 2003 -- (Takahashi 2004:430 [ref. 28105], Konings 2015:158 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:167 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Telmatochromis brachygnathus Hanssens & Snoeks 2003. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

brachyrhynchus, Hemitaeniochromis Oliver [M. K.] 2012:37, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa No. 3410; ref. 32111] Thumbi Island West, north side, ca. 14°00'57"S, 34°48'34"E, Lake Malawi, depth 17-38 meters. Holotype: YPM 25201. Paratypes: MRAC 99-41-P-1746 (1) •Valid as Hemitaeniochromis brachyrhynchus Oliver 2012 -- (Konings 2016:171 [ref. 34521], Dierickx & Snoeks 2020:9 [ref. 37605]). Current status: Valid as Hemitaeniochromis brachyrhynchus Oliver 2012. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

brachyurus, Geophagus Cope [E. D.] 1894:105, Pl. 9 (fig. 18) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 33; ref. 965] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Syntypes: ANSP 21751 (1), 21880-83 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. •Synonym of Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus (Hensel 1870) -- (Gosse 1976:111 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:270 [ref. 6638], Malabarba 1989:168 [ref. 14217], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:635 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus (Hensel 1870). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

brasiliensis, Chromis Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:286 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Rio de Janeiro Bay, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9503. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:204 [ref. 20868], Bauchot et al. 1978:45 [ref. 20862]. •Valid as 'Geophagus' brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Argolo et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37561]). •Valid as Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Gosse 1976:34 [ref. 7029], Malabarba 1989:166 [ref. 14217], Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663], Torelli et al. 1997:70 [ref. 24612], Fuller et al. 1999:429 [ref. 25838], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:633 [ref. 27061], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Mattos et al. 2015:219 [ref. 34048], Bertaco et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35632], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[27] [ref. 35679], Mattos & Costa 2018:336 [ref. 36009], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Koerber et al. 2019:11 [ref. 36736], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:6 [ref. 39606], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Silva et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37809], Chuctaya et al. 2022:15 [ref. 39723], Carvalho-Filho 2023:197 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:34 [ref. 40710], Chan et al. 2023:144 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages (southeastern Brazil). Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

brasiliensis, Geophagus Kner [R.] 1865:266, Pl. 10 (fig. 3) [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 18427] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 23044-45 (1, 1). •Synonym of Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:633 [ref. 27061], Mattos et al. 2015:209 [ref. 34048]). Current status: Synonym of Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Bahia, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

brasiliensis, Perca Bloch [M. E.] 1792:84, Pl. 310 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 6; ref. 470] Brazil, in rivers. On p. 57 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 9 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Crenicichla brasiliensis (Bloch 1792) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2018:384 [ref. 35777], Koerber et al. 2022:70 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759]). •Valid as Saxatilia brasiliensis (Bloch 1792) -- (Koerber et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40665], Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Saxatilia brasiliensis (Bloch 1792). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

brauschi, Haplochromis Poll [M.] & Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1965:328, Fig. 2 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 72 (nos 3-4); ref. 9243] Lake Fwa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 79506. Paratypes: MRAC 76323-41 (19), 76342-45 (4), 76346-54 (9), 79507-10 (4), 79511-25 (15). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:43 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Thoracochromis brauschi (Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde 1965) -- (Roberts & Kullander 1994:134 [ref. 21382]). •Valid as Haplochromis brauschi Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde 1965 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:111 [ref. 20956], Wamuini Lunkayilakio & Vreven 2010:280 [ref. 31038] in 'Haplochromis'). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis brauschi Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde 1965. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

breidohri, Paratheraps Werner [U.] & Stawikowski [R.] 1987:20, Figured [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 41 (no. 1); ref. 13492] Chiapas, Mexico. Holotype: ZFMK 15524. Paratypes: ZFMK 15525-31 (7). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:130 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Cichlasoma breidohri (Werner & Stawikowski 1987) -- (Conkel 1993:140 [ref. 22949], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Paraneetroplus breidohri (Werner & Stawikowski 1987)-- (McMahan et al. 2010:1298 [ref. 31111], Page et al. 2013:157 [ref. 32708], Paepke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33351]). •Valid as Vieja breidohri (Werner & Stawikowski 1987) -- (Burgess 2000:50 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:645 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:380 [ref. 28615], McMahan et al. 2015:216 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:45 [ref. 34357], Gómez-González et al. 2018:387 [ref. 35762], Moral-Flores et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36020], González-Díaz et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39182], Gómez-Martínez et al. 2022:242 [ref. 39506]). Current status: Valid as Vieja breidohri (Werner & Stawikowski 1987). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

brevianalis, Lamprologus Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:555, Pl. 36 (fig. 1) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 6, no. 1); ref. 573] Niamkolo, Zambia, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1906.9.8.93. •Synonym of Neolamprologus tetracanthus (Boulenger 1899) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:291 [ref. 20946], Kullander et al. 2014:326 [ref. 33244]). Current status: Synonym of Neolamprologus tetracanthus (Boulenger 1899). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevicauda, Chetia Bills [I. R.] & Weyl [O. L. F.] 2002:3, Figs. 2-5 [Smithiana. Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity Spec. Publ. 1; ref. 27675] Lecitu River at Dombe pontoon, 19°55'S, 33°22'E, Manica Province, Mozambique. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 56660. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 58260 (5). •Valid as Chetia brevicauda Bills & Weyl 2002 -- (Marshall 2011:219 [ref. 31755]). Current status: Valid as Chetia brevicauda Bills & Weyl 2002. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Buzi River system, Mozambique. Habitat: freshwater.

breviceps, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:694, Fig. 9 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1921 (pt 4) (no. 36); ref. 3673] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1921.9.6.123. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1921.9.6.124 (1). Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:76 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Nyassachromis breviceps (Regan 1922) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:76 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:300 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:326 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Nyassachromis breviceps (Regan 1922). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

brevimanus, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:57 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 8 (no. 43); ref. 14778] Geba River, Guinea-Bissau. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.4.1.154-159 (6), NMW 24651-56 (6). •Valid as Tilapia brevimanus Boulenger 1911 -- (Lévêque et al. 1989:122 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:343 [ref. 26477], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:483 [ref. 20943], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:747 [ref. 21590], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890], Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Tilapia brevimanus Boulenger 1911. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

brevinidus, Aulonocara Konings [A. F.] 1995:33, Figs. [The Cichlids Yearbook v. 5; ref. 21860] South of Nsinje River, Msinje, Lake Malawi. Holotype: MRAC 94-56-P-55. Paratypes: MRAC 94-56-P-56 to 61 (6). •Valid as Aulonocara brevinidus Konings 1995 -- (Tawil 2003:96 [ref. 28055], Konings 2016:366 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Aulonocara brevinidus Konings 1995. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

brevirostris, Acara coeruleopunctata var. Steindachner [F.] 1880:56 [4] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 42; ref. 14403] Río Cauca, Colombia. Holotype (unique): NMW. On p. 4 of separate. Appeared in German as "All specimens collected by Mr. Grosskopf in the Cauca belong to the variety Var. latifrons (better var. brevirostris) described by me." Not treated by Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:608 [ref. 27061]. •Apparently an unneeded replacement for and objective synonym of Acara latifrons Steindachner 1878.; if regarded as a conditional proposal, then the name is unavailable. •In the synonymy of Andinoacara latifrons (Steindachner 1878) -- (Schindler & Morgenstern 2010:116 [ref. 31245], Wijkmark et al. 2012:118 [ref. 32299]). Current status: Synonym of Andinoacara latifrons (Steindachner 1878). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevirostris, Parananochromis Lamboj [A.] & Stiassny [M. L. J.] 2003:7, Figs. 2b, 4-9 [Zootaxa No. 209; ref. 27430] Small shallow creek about 200 meters downstream of IRET station (on opposite side of river), 0°30'34"N, 12°48'33"E, Ivindo system, Gabon. Holotype: AMNH 232536. Paratypes: AMNH 230707 (4, c&s), 230720 (23); BMNH 2002.8.8.4-6 (3); CUMV 87042 (5); MHNG 2640.27 (2), 2640.28 (2); MRAC 73-02-P-2147-150 (4), 93-085-P-0334-0340 (7), A2-11-P-15 through 18 (1, 1, 1, 1); NMW 94630 (3). •Valid as Parananochromis brevirostris Lamboj & Stiassny 2003 -- (Stiassny et al. 2007:289 [ref. 30045], Lamboj 2009:48 [ref. 30314], Lamboj 2014:57 [ref. 33507], Fermon et al. 2022:248 [ref. 39448], Ibala Zamba et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39771]). Current status: Valid as Parananochromis brevirostris Lamboj & Stiassny 2003. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon and Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

brevirostris, Trematocranus Trewavas [E.] 1935:113, Fig. 14b [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Bar House, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1935.6.14.2224. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1935.5.14.2225 (1). Lectotype selected by Eccles in Eccles & Trewavas 1989:149 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Aulonocara brevirostre (Trewavas 1935) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:148 [ref. 13547] as brevirostris, Maréchal 1991:12 [ref. 20944]). •Mention -- (Tawil 2003:96 [ref. 28055]). •Valid as Trematocranus brevirostris Trewavas 1935 -- (Konings 2016:413 [ref. 34521], Oliver 2018:188 [ref. 36257]). •Not in Trematocranus -- (Dierickx et al. 2018:154 [ref. 35849]). Current status: Uncertain as Trematocranus brevirostris Trewavas 1935. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: southern Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:107, Fig. 13 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Small creek off Lago Penera, 0°01'N, 67°21'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 570. Paratypes: IRSNB 571 (17), 572 (orig. 94, now 44), 573-574 (1, 1); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 572] (50). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:28 [ref. 20755]. •Valid as Apistogramma brevis Kullander 1980 -- (Römer 1994:11 [ref. 21306], Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:44 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:23 [ref. 27488], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725], Staeck 2017:49 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma brevis Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Upper Rio Negro, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Chetia Jubb [R. A.] 1968:71, Fig. 1 [Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History) v. 6 (pt 7); ref. 7821] Lomati River, Barberton District, tributary of Incomati River, Mozambique. Holotype: AMG P951. Paratypes: AMG P952 (orig. 10, now 5), BMNH 1968.11.25.2-3 [ex AMG P952] (2). Type catalog: Skelton & Stuart 1987:186 [ref. 12628]. •Valid as Haplochromis brevis (Jubb 1968) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:111 [ref. 20956]). •Valid as Chetia brevis Jubb 1968 -- (Skelton 1993:297 [ref. 24071], Bills & Weyl 2002:10 [ref. 27675]). Current status: Valid as Chetia brevis Jubb 1968. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Incomati River system, Mozambique. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Lamprologus Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:115, Pl. 44 (fig. 2) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 5); ref. 589] Albertville, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype (unique): MRAC 259. •Valid as Neolamprologus brevis (Boulenger 1899) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:275 [ref. 20946], Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431], Kullander et al. 2014:326 [ref. 33244]). •Valid as 'Lamprologus' brevis Boulenger 1899 -- (Konings 2015:344 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:365 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Lamprologus brevis Boulenger 1899. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Melanochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:79, Fig. 4a [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Nkudzi and Monkey Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1935.6.14.318-319 (2). •Valid as Melanochromis brevis Trewavas 1935 -- (Maréchal 1991:259 [ref. 20944], Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30309]). •Valid as Pseudotropheus brevis (Trewavas 1935) -- (Konings & Stauffer 2012:18 [ref. 31871], Konings 2016:38 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Pseudotropheus brevis (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Rhamphochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:112 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1935.6.14.2182. Paralectotypes: (4) BMNH 1935.6.14.2183. Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:313, Fig. 90 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Rhamphochromis brevis Trewavas 1935 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:314 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:422 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:394 [ref. 34521]). •Almost certainly a synonym of Rhamphochromis woodi Regan 1922 -- (Turner et al. 2004:208, 213 [ref. 28114]). Current status: Valid as Rhamphochromis brevis Trewavas 1935. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1908:243 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 575] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1908.10.27.103-104 (2). •Valid as Tramitichromis brevis (Boulenger 1908) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:256 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:509 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:308 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:230 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Tramitichromis brevis (Boulenger 1908). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

brichardi, Chalinochromis Poll [M.] 1974:104, Fig. 2 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 88 (no. 1); ref. 3532] "La Chute", 1 kilometer south of Rutunga and Magara, North Lake Tanganyika, Burundi, depth 8-9 meters. Holotype: MRAC 73-68-P-146. Paratypes: MRAC 73-68-P-147-148 (2), 73-68-P-149-154 (6), 73-68-P-155-157 (3). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:33 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Chalinochromis brichardi Poll 1974 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:38 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:235 [ref. 24781], Kullander et al. 2014:425 [ref. 33281], Konings 2015:162 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:172 [ref. 36983]). •Valid as Julidochromis brichardi (Poll 1974) -- (Konings 2023:13 [ref. 40878]). Current status: Valid as Julidochromis brichardi (Poll 1974). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

brichardi, Lamprologus Poll [M.] 1974:109 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 88 (no. 1); ref. 3532] Kisoje, off the beach and across the river. Holotype: MRAC 114265. Paratypes: BMNH 1953.7.8.1 [ex MRAC] (1), 1960.9.30.7957 (1) and .58-59 (2); IRSNB 355 (2), 356 (1), 357 (1); MRAC 114266-69 (4). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:49 [ref. 21528]. Replacement name for Lamprologus savoryi elongatus Trewavas & Poll 1952, preoccupied by Lamprologus elongatus Boulenger 1898. •Synonym of Neolamprologus pulcher (Trewavas & Poll 1952) -- (Konings 2019:125 [ref. 36983]). •Valid as Neolamprologus brichardi (Poll 1974) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:276 [ref. 20946], Albertson et al. 1999:5108 [ref. 25258], Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431], Verburg & Bills 2007:39 [ref. 29303], Konings 2023:14 [ref. 40331]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus brichardi (Poll 1974). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

brichardi, Teleogramma Poll [M.] 1959:109, Pl. 19 (figs. 1A-1C) [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge v. 71 (art. 3); ref. 3522] Rapids at Kinsuka, near Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 100511. Paratypes: MRAC 103644 (1), 118568-73 (6), 118989-90 (3), 118991 (1), 119094-99 (6). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:69 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Teleogramma brichardi Poll 1959 -- (Snoeks & De Boeck 1991:472 [ref. 20963], Poll & Gosse 1995:251 [ref. 24781], Takahashi & Nakaya 2002:172 [ref. 26154], Stiassny & Alter 2015:7 [ref. 33773]). Current status: Valid as Teleogramma brichardi Poll 1959. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

brichardi, Telmatochromis Louisy [P.] 1989:80, Figs. 1-4, 5 top [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 15 (no. 3) [for 1988]; ref. 9293] Usumbura (Burundi), Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 73-68-P-452. Paratypes: MRAC 73-68-P-455-456 (2), 73-68-P-453-454 (2), 76-09-P-102 (1). •Valid as Telmatochromis brichardi Louisy 1989 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:475 [ref. 20946], Hanssens & Snoeks 2001:641 [ref. 26024], Hanssens & Snoeks 2003:609 [ref. 27468], Takahashi 2004:430 [ref. 28105], Konings 2015:156 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:166 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Telmatochromis brichardi Louisy 1989. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

brichardi, Tropheus Nelissen [M. H. J.] & Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1975:975, Fig. 1 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 89 (no. 4); ref. 6879] Nyanza, 4°21'S, 29°36'E, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 75-1-P-30 [not 23]. Paratypes: MRAC 75-1-P-22-25 (1, 1, 1, 1), 75-1-P-27-29 (3), 75-1-P-31-32 (1, 1). •Valid as Tropheus brichardi Nelissen & Thys van den Audenaerde 1975 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:521 [ref. 20946], Konings 2015:94 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:99 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Tropheus brichardi Nelissen & Thys van den Audenaerde 1975. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

brieni, Cyprichromis Poll [M.] 1981:174, Fig. 1 [Annales de la Société Royale Zoologique de Belgique v. 111 (nos 1-4); ref. 3534] Ubwari, northern Lake Tanganyika, Kivu District, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: IRSNB 623. Paratypes: (37) IRSNB 624-625 (1, 1); MRAC 75-1-P-44-74 (31). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:31 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:38 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Paracyprichromis brieni (Poll 1981) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:353 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:241 [ref. 24781], Takahashi 2004:3 [ref. 27593], Konings 2015:191 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:203 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Paracyprichromis brieni (Poll 1981). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

britskii, Crenicichla Kullander [S. O.] 1982:642, Fig. 7 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 89 (no. 3); ref. 8458] Small brook, kilometer 143 on BR-153, Promissao, Rio Tietê system, Promissao, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 16004. Paratypes: MZUSP 16005-06 (2), 16007-21 (15), 16022 (1); NRM 13777 (3), 3127 (1). •Valid as Crenicichla britskii Kullander 1982 -- (Ploeg 1991:25 [ref. 20196], Casatti et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25929], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2007:1 [ref. 29372], Casciotta & Almirón 2009:658 [ref. 30041], Piálek et al. 2010:34 [ref. 30903], Casciotta et al. 2010:643 [ref. 30975], Varella 2011:10 [ref. 37216], Varella et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35777], Reis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Saxatilia britskii (Kullander 1982) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Saxatilia britskii (Kullander 1982). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

brokopondo, Geophagus Kullander [S. O.] & Nijssen [H.] 1989:41, Figs. 23-25 [The cichlids of Surinam; ref. 14136] Brokopondomeer, Suriname River system, Brokopondo District, Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 119530. Paratypes: NRM 43059 [A87/1967073.3941] (1); ZMA 105080-81 (4, 32). •Valid as Geophagus brokopondo Kullander & Nijssen 1989 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:633 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Hauser & López-Fernández 2013:279 [ref. 32965]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus brokopondo Kullander & Nijssen 1989. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Suriname River basin, Suriname and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

brooksi, Otopharynx Oliver [M. K.] in Eccles & Trewavas 1989:161, Fig. 83 [Malawian cichlid fishes. The classification of some Haplochromine genera.; ref. 13547] Thumbi Island West, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: USNM 304655. Paratypes: AMNH 58748SW (2, c&s); USNM 304656 (1), 314127 (1); plus other paratypes and other material. Described in part from Oliver manuscript (thesis, 1984) and new material; authorship technically might also involve Eccles and Trewavas. •Valid as Otopharynx brooksi Oliver 1989 -- (Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:290 [ref. 28117], Cleaver et al. 2009:166 [ref. 30418], Konings 2016:169 [ref. 34521], Oliver 2018:195 [ref. 36257]). Current status: Valid as Otopharynx brooksi Oliver 1989. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

brownae, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1962:142, Figs. 1, 25 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 5925] Entebbe, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype: BMNH 1906.5.30.354. Paratypes: BMNH 1909.5.4.28 (1), 1911.3.3.22 (1), 1962.3.2.76-128 (?53). •Valid as Haplochromis brownae Greenwood 1962 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:111 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis brownae Greenwood 1962. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

browni, Tilapia Nichols [J. T.] 1923:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 65; ref. 15414] Ramis River near Ganame, Harar Province, Ethiopia, East Africa. Holotype (unique): AMNH 8186. •Synonym of Oreochromis spilurus (Günther 1894) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:341 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis spilurus (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

bruneus, Chaetobranchus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:405, Pl. 29 (figs. 17-20) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Negro. Holotype (unique): NMW 32941. Spelled brunneus in Günther 1862:310 [ref. 1969]. •Synonym of Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander 1986:73 [ref. 12439], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:25 [ref. 14136], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:620 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bucephalus, Geophagus Hensel [R.] 1870:63 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 36 (pt. 1); ref. 18277] Rio Cadeia, Nova Petrópolis, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMB 31373 [ex ZMB 7466]. Paralectotypes: ZMB 7466 (2 or 1), ?22294 (5). Type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:268 [ref. 32895]. Lectotype selected by Reis & Malabarba 1988:280 [ref. 6638]. •Synonym of Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys (Hensel 1870) -- (Gosse 1976:118 [ref. 7029], Malabarba 1989:168 [ref. 14217]). •Synonym of Geophagus labiatus Hensel 1870 -- (Reis & Malabarba 1988:280 [ref. 6638], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:635 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnogeophagus labiatus (Hensel 1870). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

buescheri, Lamprologus Staeck [W.] 1983:325, Figs. 1-3 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 63 (nos 5/6) (for 1982); ref. 8277] Cape Kachese, 8°29'S, 30°27'E, Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. Holotype: SMF 17830. Paratypes: not saved. •Valid as Neolamprologus buescheri (Staeck 1983) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:277 [ref. 20946], Büscher 1997:704 [ref. 23478], Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431], Kullander et al. 2014:326 [ref. 33244], Konings 2015:178 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:189 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus buescheri (Staeck 1983). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: southern Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

buettikoferi, Paratilapia (Pelmatochromis) Steindachner [F.] 1894:40 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 16 (nos 1-2, art. 1); ref. 4237] Du Queah River at Hill Town, Junk River and in streams at Fisherman Lake, Buluma, Liberia. Syntypes: (6) NMW 24601-03 (3); RMNH 3304 (1), 5269 (2 or 3), 5294 (1), 5374 (1). Species originally spelled as büttikoferi. Addition of the letter "e" is mandatory, Art. 32.5.2.1. •Valid as Pelmatochromis buettikoferi (Steindachner 1894) -- (Lévêque et al. 1989:122 [ref. 26480] dated 1895, Paugy et al. 1990:342 [ref. 26477] dated 1895, Daget 1991:361 [ref. 20947], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:738 [ref. 21590], Stiassny et al. 2007:337 [ref. 30045], Pezold et al. 2016:106 [ref. 34870]). Current status: Valid as Pelmatochromis buettikoferi (Steindachner 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

bullatus, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1938:445, Figs. 3a, 4a [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 11) v. 1 (no. 4) (art. 51); ref. 17176] Lake Albert [Lake Albert Nyanza]. Syntypes: (20) BMNH 1929.1.24.323-333 (11), 1973.10.6.1-13 (13), 1973.10.6.14 (1); MRAC 47986 (1). •Valid as Haplochromis bullatus Trewavas 1938 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:112 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis bullatus Trewavas 1938. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Albert. Habitat: freshwater.

bulleri, Paraneetroplus Regan [C. T.] 1905:436 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 16 (nos 91-94); ref. 3622] Río de Sarabia, Mexico. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1890.10.10.94. •Valid as Cichlasoma bulleri (Regan 1905) -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:66 [ref. 22290], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Theraps bulleri (Regan 1905) -- (Miller 2006:373 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Paraneetroplus bulleri Regan 1905 -- (Conkel 1993:185 [ref. 22949], Burgess 2000:56 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:640 [ref. 27061], McMahan et al. 2010:1298 [ref. 31111], Page et al. 2013:157 [ref. 32708], Paepke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33351], McMahan et al. 2015:218 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:46 [ref. 34357], López-Segovia et al. 2020:111 [ref. 38151]). Current status: Valid as Paraneetroplus bulleri Regan 1905. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Coatzacoalcos River basin, Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

burgeoni, Perissodus David [L.] 1936:156 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 13689] Nyanza, Burndi, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: (3) MRAC 38892-96 (5). •Synonym of Perissodus microlepis Boulenger 1898 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:368 [ref. 20946]). Current status: Synonym of Perissodus microlepis Boulenger 1898. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

burgeoni, Telmatochromis Poll [M.] 1942:357 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 36 (no. 4); ref. 3516] Nyanza, Burundi, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype (unique): MRAC 38882. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:69 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Telmatochromis burgeoni Poll 1942 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:475 [ref. 20946], Hanssens & Snoeks 2001:647 [ref. 26024]). •Synonym of Telmatochromis temporalis Boulenger 1898 -- (Hanssens & Snoeks 2003:609 [ref. 27468], Konings 2015:158 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:167 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Synonym of Telmatochromis temporalis Boulenger 1898. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

burtoni, Chromis Günther [A.] 1894:631, Pl. 58 (fig. C) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893 (pt 4) (art. 2) (for 7 Nov. 1893); ref. 14529] Ujiji, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1889.1.35.12. •Valid as Haplochromis burtoni (Günther 1894) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:112 [ref. 20956], De Vos et al. 2001:130, 132 [ref. 26059], Wamuini Lunkayilakio & Vreven 2010:280 [ref. 31038] in 'Haplochromis'). •Valid as Astatotilapia burtoni (Günther 1894) -- (Poll & Gosse 1995:229 [ref. 24781], Kullander & Roberts 2012:358, 369[ref. 31751]). Current status: Valid as Astatotilapia burtoni (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika and associated rivers. Habitat: freshwater.

burtoni, Xenotilapia longispinis Poll [M.] 1951:7, Fig. 3 [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 27 (no. 29); ref. 12908] Burton Bay, near Tembele, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 109717. Paratypes: (115) BMNH 1960.9.30.4208-4332, 1961.11.22.398-400 (3), 1961.11.22.401-08 (8), 1961.11.22.409-412 (4); IRSNB 301-304 (24, 6, 3, 5); MRAC 109718-43 (25), 109744-50 (7), 109751-53 (3), 109754-58 (5). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:40 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:73 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Xenotilapia burtoni Poll 1951 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:538 [ref. 20946], Takahashi 2003:46 [ref. 26772], Konings 2015:367 [ref. 34660] as possible synonym of longispinis, Konings 2019:390 [ref. 36983] as possible synonym of longispinis). Current status: Valid as Xenotilapia burtoni Poll 1951. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

bussingi, Amphilophus Loiselle [P. V.] 1997:2, Fig. [Buntbarsche Bulletin No. 180 (for June 1997); ref. 23115] Río Cocolis, tributary of Río Sixaola, 3.5 kilometers southeast of Shiroles, on Bratsí-Shiroles road, Limón Province, Costa Rica. Holotype: AMNH 59077. Paratypes: AMNH 59078 (9); LACM 44988-1 (20), 44989-1 (20); UCR 1299-9 (10); UMMZ 217738 (10). Type catalog: Angulo et al. 2015:367 [ref. 35212]. •Valid as Astatheros bussingi (Loiselle 1997) -- (Bussing 1998:324 [ref. 24179]). •Valid as Amphilophus bussingi Loiselle 1997 -- (Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:610 [ref. 27061], Angulo et al. 2013:1004 [ref. 33194]). •Valid as Cribroheros bussingi (Loiselle 1997) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:23 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Cribroheros bussingi (Loiselle 1997). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Atlantic slope of Costa Rica and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

busumanus, Chromis Günther [A.] 1903:333, Pl. 30 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, v. 2 (pt 2) (art. 3) (for 18 Nov. 1902); ref. 2021] Lake Busum-chi [Bosumtwi], Ghana. Syntypes: (several) BMNH 1903.4.24.36-40 (5), 1903.4.24.41 (1, skeleton); USNM 50955 (1). •Valid as Tilapia busumana (Günther 1903) -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:484 [ref. 20943], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:745 [ref. 21590], Dankwa et al. 1999:47 [ref. 28023], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890], Dunz & Schliewen 2013:75 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Tilapia busumana (Günther 1903). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

buttikoferi, Chromis Hubrecht [A. A. W.] 1881:66 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 14287] St. Paul River, Liberia. Syntypes: RMMH 5269 (3). Named after Johann Büttikofer from the German part of Switzerland, so corrected to büttikoferi and emended to buettikoferi (Art. 32.5.2.1). •Valid as Tilapia buttikoferi (Hubrecht 1881) -- (Lévêque et al. 1989:122 [ref. 26480] dated 1883, Paugy et al. 1990:343 [ref. 26477], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:484 [ref. 20943], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:749 [ref. 21590], Scharpf 2009:10 [ref. 30400], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890], Kottelat 2013:375 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Heterotilapia buttikoferi (Hubrecht 1881) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672], Robins et al. 2018:381 [ref. 35886], Chan et al. 2023:145 [ref. 40365]). •Valid as Heterotilapia buettikoferi (Hubrecht 1881). Current status: Valid as Heterotilapia buettikoferi (Hubrecht 1881). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West Africa: Guinea-Bissau to western Liberia; established in Florida, U.S.A. Introduced in Singapore and Hong Kong (China). IUCN (2020): Least concern. Habitat: freshwater.

buysi, Haplochromis Penrith [M.-L.] 1970:168, Pl. 2 [Cimbebasia (Series A, Naturwetenskappe) v. 1 (no. 7); ref. 19584] Cunene River mouth, Angola. Holotype: NMN 5099. Paratypes: SAM 25243 [now at AMG] (1, poor condition). •Valid as Haplochromis buysi Penrith 1970 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:113 [ref. 20956]). •Valid as Thoracochromis buysi (Penrith 1970) -- (Greenwood 1984:190 [ref. 5311], Skelton 1993:303 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:303 [ref. 27406], Kramer et al. 2016:unnumbered p. [ref. 34331], Skelton 2019:237 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Thoracochromis buysi (Penrith 1970). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola and Namibia. Habitat: freshwater.

bwathondii, Haplochromis Niemantsverdriet [P.] & Witte [F.] in de Zeeuw et al. 2010:231, Figs. 18-10 [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 84 (no. 9); ref. 31028] Mwanza Gulf, Tanzania, Lake Victoria. Holotype: RMNH 73244. Paratypes: AMNH, BMNH 2010.3.23.6 (1), NSMT-P, RMNH. •Valid as Haplochromis bwathondii Niemantsverdriet & Witte 2010. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis bwathondii Niemantsverdriet & Witte 2010. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Tanzania, Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

bythobates, Tilapia Stiassny [M. L. J.], Schliewen [U. K.] & Dominey [W. J.] 1992:324, Figs. 7-8; Pl. 1c [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 20001] Lake Bermin, South-West Province, Nguti subdivision, 5°09'30.00"N, 9°38'0.00"E, Cameroon. Holotype: AMNH 98262. Paratypes: AMNH 98263 (17); MRAC 73-40-P-730 (1), 73-40-P-731-746 (16); ZSM 27638 (10), 27681 (15). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:252 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Tilapia bythobates Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey 1992 -- (Stiassny et al. 2007:371 [ref. 30045], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:275 [ref. 31064], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon bythobates (Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey 1991) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]) Current status: Valid as Coptodon bythobates (Stiassny, Schliewen & Dominey 1992). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Lake Bermin, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

caaguazuensis, Gymnogeophagus Staeck [W.] 2006:100, Figs. 1-3, 5 [Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde. v. 56; ref. 29421] Upper río Tebicuary-mi, about 25°28'S, 56°10'W, tributary to río Tebicuary, at route no. 7, about 25 kilometers east of Cnel, Oviedo, Caaguazú Province, Paraguay. Holotype: MTD F 30367. Paratypes: MTD F 30384-93 (10). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis Staeck 2006 -- (González-Bergonzoni et al. 2009:21 [ref. 30455] as caguazuensis, Malabarba et al. 2015:660 [ref. 34105], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267], Alonso et al. 2019:S1 [ref. 36529]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus caaguazuensis Staeck 2006. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Paraguay River basin, Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

cabrae, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:51, Pl. 27 [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 3); ref. 548] Kaika N. Lobe, Loango, Angola. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.2.20.11 (1); MRAC 170-171 (1, 1). •Valid as Tilapia cabrae Boulenger 1899 -- (Trewavas 1981:42 [ref. 39520], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:485 [ref. 20943], Stiassny et al. 2007:359 [ref. 30045], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890]). •Valid of Pelmatolapia cabrae (Boulenger 1899) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [32672], Schelly & Stiassny in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2710 [ref. 34618], Skelton 2019:228, 236 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:249 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Pelmatolapia cabrae (Boulenger 1899). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Equatorial Guinea south to northern Angola. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cacatuoides, Apistogramma Hoedeman [J. J.] 1951:1, Fig. [Beaufortia v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 12895] Amazon River basin, between 69°W and 71°W [originally Paramaribo, Suriname (in error)]. Holotype: ZMA 100033. Paratypes: ZMA 100033 (1, with holotype). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:84 [ref. 19236]. Type locality corrected by Kullander 1980:83 [ref. 5526]. •Valid as Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedeman 1951 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:181 [ref. 12439], Römer 1994:11 [ref. 21306], Römer & Warzel 1998:51 [ref. 23583], Lucena 2001:68 [ref. 25666], Römer et al. 2003:28 [ref. 26768], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:24 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2004:18 [ref. 34102], Römer et al. 2006:558 [ref. 28967], Römer & Hahn 2008:58 [ref. 30725], Römer et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32047], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Staeck 2017:51 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma cacatuoides Hoedeman 1951. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

cacuchi, Serranochromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], Bills [R.] & Skelton [P. H.] 2021:77, Fig. 6 [Zootaxa 4908 (no. 1); ref. 38061] Cacuchi River, approximately 15 km south west of Chitembo Village at the bridge on the main road north from Menongue, tributary of Cuchi, Cubango (Okavango) River system, Angola, 13°35'39.6"S, 16°52'49.8"E. Holotype: SAIAB 186684. Paratypes: SAIAB 186674 (4). •Valid as Serranochromis cacuchi Stauffer, Bills & Skelton 2021. Current status: Valid as Serranochromis cacuchi Stauffer, Bills & Skelton 2021. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Cuchi-Cubango (Okavango) River system, Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

caerulea, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1908:240 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 575] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.10.27.60. •Valid as Champsochromis caeruleus (Boulenger 1908) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:250 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:40 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:272 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:357 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Champsochromis caeruleus (Boulenger 1908). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

caeruleogula, Cichlasoma Fowler [H. W.] 1936:525, Fig. 43 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87 (for 1935); ref. 13694] Río Motagua tributary, about 20 miles west of El Rancho, Guatemala. Holotype: ANSP 64148. Paratypes: ANSP 64149-52 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Cichlasoma microphthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (Conkel 1993:159 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Vieja microphthalma (Günther 1862) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:646 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Theraps microphthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (McMahan et al. 2010:1299 [ref. 31111]). •Synonym of Chuco microphthalmus (Günther 1862). Current status: Synonym of Chuco microphthalmus (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caeruleus, Labidochromis Fryer [G.] 1956:88, Figs. 8-9 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 53 (nos 1-2); ref. 12192] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1956.9.4.9. Paratypes: BMNH 1956.9.4.10-11 (2), BMNH (4, 1 skeleton). •Valid as Labidochromis caeruleus Fryer 1956 -- (Maréchal 1991:210 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:22 [ref. 34521], Chan et al. 2023:145 [ref. 40365], Çiçek et al. 2023:466 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2024:331 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Labidochromis caeruleus Fryer 1956. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: East Africa: Lake Malawi. Introduced in Israel and Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

caetei, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1980:76 [Bonner Zoologische Monographien No. 14; ref. 5526] Igarapé in Bragança, Pará, Brazil, 1°45'S, 46°47'W. Holotype: FMNH 54164 [ex CM 2732]. Paratypes: FMNH 95176 [ex CM 2732] (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:10 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apistogramma caetei Kullander 1980 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:28 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:54 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma caetei Kullander 1980. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Apeú and Caeté rivers, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cajali, Cichlasoma Álvarez [J.] & Gutierrez [T.] 1953:232, Fig. 1 [Ciencia (Mexico City) v. 12 (nos 9-10); ref. 12634] Coyuca Lake, Acapulco, Mexico. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: (21) UMMZ 164918 (1?); USNM 162810 (2); CAS-SU (?). Holoytype and some paratypes were in the pers. coll. of the first author, J. Alvarez. •Synonym of Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Günther 1867) -- (Conkel 1993:132 [ref. 22949], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:625 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma', Miller 2006:368 [ref. 28615]). •Synonym of Amphilophus trimaculatus (Günther 1867). Current status: Synonym of Amphilophus trimaculatus (Günther 1867). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

calciati, Tilapia Gianferrari [L.] 1924:242, Fig. [Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali di Milano v. 63; ref. 15448] Setit [Tekeze] River, Eritrea, Ethiopia. Holotype (unique): MSNM 59 [ex MSNM 4312]. •Synonym of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:331 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

callainos, Pseudotropheus Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] & Hert [E.] 1992:255, Figs. 2-5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 20010] Nkhata Bay, 11°35'S, 34°41'E, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 3-4 meters. Holotype: PSU 2542.1. Paratypes: MFU 2 (4), PSU 2542.2 (6), USNM 322426 (9). •Valid as Metriaclima callainos (Stauffer & Hert 1992) -- (Stauffer et al. 1997:204 [ref. 23216], Konings & Stauffer 2006:233 [ref. 28844], Ciccotto et al. 2011:23 [ref. 31119], Stauffer et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32704], Konings 2016:59 [ref. 34521]). •Valid as Maylandia callainos (Stauffer & Hert 1992) -- (Ufermann 2001:60 [ref. 30286]). Current status: Valid as Maylandia callainos (Stauffer & Hert 1992). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

callichromus, Haplochromis Poll [M.] 1948:100, Fig. 5; Pl. 21 (fig. 6) [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 41 (no. 1); ref. 3519] Fwa River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 71280. Paratypes: MRAC 71281-87 (7). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:44 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Haplochromis callichromus Poll 1948 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:113 [ref. 20956]). •Valid as Thoracochromis callichromus (Poll 1948) -- (Roberts & Kullander 1994:134 [ref. 21382]). •Valid as 'Haplochromis' callichromis Poll 1948 -- (Wamuini Lunkayilakio & Vreven 2010:280 [ref. 31038]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis callichromus Poll 1948. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

calliptera, Pelmatochromis kribensis Pellegrin [J.] 1929:368 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 54 (no. 4); ref. 15941] Ruisseau de Grand Batanga, Cameroon. Holotype: MNHN 1929-0138. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:219 [ref. 20868]. •Synonym of Pelvicachromis taeniatus (Boulenger 1901) -- (Daget 1991:365 [ref. 20947]). Current status: Synonym of Pelvicachromis taeniatus (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

callipterus, Chromis Günther [A.] 1894:623, Pl. 55 (fig. B) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893 (pt 4); ref. 2018] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: 1893.1.17.4 (1), 1893.11.15.1-3 (3), 1893.11.15.4 (1, skeleton), 1893.11.15.5 (1), ?1893.11.15.24-32 (9?). •Valid as Haplochromis callipterus (Günther 1894) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:113 [ref. 20956]). •Valid as Astatotilapia calliptera (Günther 1894) -- (Skelton 1993:295 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:300 [ref. 27406], Scharpf 2009:3 [ref. 30400], Marshall 2011:217 [ref. 31755], Konings 2016:291 [ref. 34521], Robins et al. 2018:367 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Astatotilapia calliptera (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern African lakes and rivers; now in Florida. Habitat: freshwater.

callipterus, Lamprologus Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:559, Pl. 36 (fig. 4) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 6, no. 1); ref. 573] Mpala and Niamkolo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.9.8.121 (1) Mpala, 1906.9.8.122-123 (2) Niamkolo. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:214 [ref. 20868]. •Valid as Lamprologus callipterus Boulenger 1906 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:218 [ref. 20946], Gashagaza et al. 1995:300 [ref. 22179]). •Valid as Neolamprologus callipterus (Boulenger 1906) -- (De Vos et al. 2001:130 [ref. 26059]). •Valid as 'Lamprologus' callipterus Boulenger 1906 -- (Konings 2015:331 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:351 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Lamprologus callipterus Boulenger 1906. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

calliura, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1901:2 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 7 (no. 37) (art. 1); ref. 5758] Kalambo, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.9.6.74-76 (3, ?now 2), BMNH (1, skeleton); MNHN 1903-0168 [ex BMNH] (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:217 [ref. 20868]. •Valid as Reganochromis calliurus (Boulenger 1901) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:421 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:243 [ref. 24781], Konings 2015:365 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:387 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Reganochromis calliurus (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

calliurus, Lamprologus Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:560, Pl. 35 (fig. 5) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 6, no. 1); ref. 573] Tembwi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tanganyika, depth 30 fathoms. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.9.8.125-126 (2), MNHN 1906-0007 [ex BMNH] (1). •Synonym of Neolamprologus brevis (Boulenger 1899) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:275 [ref. 20946]). •Mention -- (Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431]). •Valid as Neolamprologus calliurus (Boulenger 1906) -- (authors). •Valid as 'Lamprologus' calliurus Boulenger 1906 -- (Konings 2015:336 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:355 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Lamprologus calliurus Boulenger 1906. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

callolepis, Heros (Heros) Regan [C. T.] 1904:258 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 13 (no. 76) (art. 30); ref. 15198] Santo Domingo de Guzman, Tehuantepec Isthmus, Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1890.10.10.112-113 (2). •Valid as Cichlasoma callolepis (Regan 1904) -- (Miller & Taylor 1984:937 [ref. 6809], Conkel 1993:176 [ref. 22949], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:66 [ref. 22290], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Thorichthys callolepis (Regan 1904) -- (Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:644 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:376 [ref. 28615], Page et al. 2013:157 [ref. 32708], McMahan et al. 2015:227 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:39 [ref. 34357], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35275], López-Segovia et al. 2020:111 [ref. 38151]). Current status: Valid as Thorichthys callolepis (Regan 1904). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America: headwaters of Coatzacoalcos River, Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

calobrense, Cichlasoma Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1913:90 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 8); ref. 12295] Río Calobre, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7600. Paratypes: (38) FMNH 8083-90 (1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 5, 3, 4), 8567 (2), 29107-14 (1 ea. lot), 32276-84 (1 ea. lot); ?USNM 78943 (2), 78944-50 (5, 11, 2, 1, 1, 7, 4). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:25 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Cichlasoma calobrense Meek & Hildebrand 1913 -- (Conkel 1993:89 [ref. 22949]). •Valid as Amphilophus calobrense (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818]). •Valid as Amphilophus calobrensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:610 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Darienheros calobrensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:24 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Darienheros calobrensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Middle America: Pacific slope of Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

calvus, Lamprologus Poll [M.] 1978:739, Fig. 4 [Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, Académie Royale de Belgique (Ser. 5) v. 64 (no. 11); ref. 8893] Chipimbi, southwestern coast of Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. Holotype: MRAC 77-40-P-356. Paratypes: MRAC 77-40-P-357 (1), 77-40-P-358-359 (2), 77-40-P-360-368 (9), 77-40-P-369-377 (9), 76-28-P-172 (1), 77-35-P-212 (1), 77-40-P-393-394 (2). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:49 [ref. 21528] with wrong museum for types. •Valid as Altolamprologus calvus (Poll 1978) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:4 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:233 [ref. 24781], Konings 2015:138 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:144 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Altolamprologus calvus (Poll 1978). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

cameronensis, Tilapia Holly [M.] 1927:222, Fig. 7 [Sitzungsberichte, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 136 (Abt. 1) (nos 5-6); ref. 2189] Mbam River, Sanaga River tributary, Cameroon. Holotype (unique): NMW 7645. Type catalog: Bogutskaya et al. 2022:66 [ref. 39277]. •Valid as Tilapia cameronensis Holly 1927 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:485 [ref. 20943], Stiassny et al. 2007:365 [ref. 30045], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:275 [ref. 31064], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon cameronensis (Holly 1927) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672], Kidé et al. 2016:[19] 1387 [ref. 37303] as camerunensis, Fermon et al. 2022:245 [ref. 39448] with question). Current status: Valid as Coptodon cameronensis (Holly 1927). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West Africa: Sanaga River and affluents (Cameroon) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

camerounensis, Hemichromis Bitja-Nyom [A. R.], Agnèse [J. F.], Pariselle [A.], Bilong-Bilong [C. F.], Gilles [A.] & Snoeks [J.] 2021:3787, Fig. 2e-f [Hydrobiologia v. 848; ref. 38608] Avoo River, Sanaga basin, between the villages Batchenga and Ndji, Cameroon, 04°19'36.2"N. 11°40'22.1"E. Holotype: MRAC 2015.019.P.0001. Paratypes: MRAC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Hemichromis camerounensis Bitja-Nyom, Agnèse, Pariselle, Bilong-Bilong, Gilles & Snoeks 2021 -- (Lamboj & Koblmüller 2022:[12] [ref. 39796], Chan et al. 2023:144 [ref. 40365] as cf. camerounensis). Current status: Valid as Hemichromis camerounensis Bitja-Nyom, Agnèse, Pariselle, Bilong-Bilong, Gilles & Snoeks 2021. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: coastal basins of Cameroon (and upper Chad basin) and southeastern Nigeria. Habitat: freshwater.

camerunensis, Pelmatochromis Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1968:362 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 77 (pts 3-4); ref. 4402] Listed in Thys van den Audenaerde 1968:362 [ref. 4402] as not available, a commercial name. Also seen as Pelmatochromis cameronensis. •In the synonymy of Pelvicachromis pulcher (Boulenger 1901) -- (Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:734 [ref. 21590]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pelvicachromis pulcher (Boulenger 1901). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae.

camerunensis, Tilapia lata var. Lönnberg [E.] 1903:41 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 67) (art. 2); ref. 15035] Meme River, Cameroon. Holotype (unique): ZMUU 284. Type catalog: Wallin 1996:62 [ref. 32133]. •Valid as Tilapia camerunensis Lönnberg 1903 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:486 [ref. 20943], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:275 [ref. 31064], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon camerunensis (Lönnberg 1903) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Coptodon camerunensis (Lönnberg 1903). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

cametana, Crenicichla Steindachner [F.] 1911:369 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 48 (no. 17) (for 6 July 1911); ref. 14817] Rio Tocantins at Cameta, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 32816. Paralectotypes: (2) NMW 32815 (1). Lectotype selected by Ploeg 1986:63 [ref. 8054]. •Valid as Crenicichla cametana Steindachner 1911 -- (Ploeg 1991:98 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:627 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Crenicichla cametana Steindachner 1911. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin in Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

camopiensis, Geophagus Pellegrin [J.] 1903:123 [4] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 15037] Camopi River, Oyapock basin, French Guiana. Lectotype: MNHN 1901-456. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1912.3.2.19 (1) [ex MNHN]; MNHN 1901-0457 to 0459 (3). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:210 [ref. 20868]. On p. 4 of separate. Lectotype selected by Gosse 1976:72 [ref. 7029]. •Valid as Geophagus camopiensis Pellegrin 1903 -- (Gosse 1976:71 [ref. 7029], Keith et al. 2000:184 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:633 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Hauser & López-Fernández 2013:279 [ref. 32965], Deprá et al. 2014:745 [ref. 33631]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus camopiensis Pellegrin 1903. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Oyapock and Approuague River basins: Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

camurus, Geophagus Cope [E. D.] 1894:104, Pl. 9 (fig. 17) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 33; ref. 965] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Syntypes: (7) ANSP 21749-50 (2), 21885-88 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Gymnogeophagus rhabdotus (Hensel 1870) -- (Gosse 1976:111 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:277 [ref. 6638], Malabarba 1989:167 [ref. 14217]). •Synonym of Gynmogeophagus gymnogenys (Hensel 1870) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:635 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnogeophagus gymnogenys (Hensel 1870). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

canarensis, Etroplus Day [F.] 1877:414, Pl. 89 (fig. 5) [The fishes of India Part 3; ref. 4886] South Canara, southwestern India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.8148 (1, syntype) Canara, BMNH 1889.2.1.3974-75 (2), MCZ 4316 (1), RMNH 1103 (1), NMW 33079 (1), ZSI 1658 (1, figured specimen). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:160 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:296 [ref. 25110]. A syntype, labeled holotype, is shown in Menon et al. 1993:Fig. 5 on p. 147 but no details are provided. •Valid as Etroplus canarensis Day 1877 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:884 [ref. 20764], Menon et al. 1993:146 [ref. 20877], Menon 1999:291 [ref. 24904], Stiassny et al. 2001:33 [ref. 25402], Sparks 2002:547 [ref. 26376], Sparks & Schelly 2011:57 [ref. 31173], Pethiyagoda et al. 2014:595 [ref. 33411]). Current status: Valid as Etroplus canarensis Day 1877. Cichlidae: Etroplinae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

cancellata, Tilapia Nichols [J. T.] 1923:2, Fig. 2 [American Museum Novitates No. 65; ref. 15414] Albano River about 60 [not 6] kilometers west of Addagalla, Harar Province, Ethiopia, East Africa. Holotype: AMNH 8187. Paratypes: AMNH 8203 (2). •Synonym of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies cancellatus (Nichols 1923) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:328 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cancellatus, Neolamprologus Aibara [M.], Takahashi [T.] & Nakaya [K. (3)] 2005:354, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Research v. 52 (no. 4); ref. 28643] Wonzye Point, Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. Holotype: HUMZ 174278. Paratypes: HUMZ 173921 (1), 174069 (1), 174070 (1), 174243 (1); MRAC 2004.41.P.1-P.3 (3). •Valid as Neolamprologus cancellatus Aibara, Takahashi & Nakaya 2005. •Possibly a hybrid of 'Lamprologus' callipterus Boulenger 1906 x Telmatochromis vittatus Boulenger 1898 -- (Konings 2015:357 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:379 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus cancellatus Aibara, Takahashi & Nakaya 2005. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

cancellus, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1963:68 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 140 (pt 1); ref. 4857] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa [not Aswa River, Uganda]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1961.12.1.355. •Synonym of Protomelas taeniolatus (Trewavas 1935) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:63 [ref. 13547] with locality correction, Maréchal 1991:392 [ref. 20944]). Current status: Synonym of Protomelas taeniolatus (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

candidi, Taeniacara Myers [G. S.] 1935:11 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 48; ref. 3109] Middle Amazon, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 93579. Paratypes: USNM 93580 (2). •Valid as Taeniacara candidi Myers 1935 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:642 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:198 [ref. 27488], Staeck 2017:296 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Taeniacara candidi Myers 1935. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

candipygia, Labeotropheus Pauers [M. J.] & Phiri [T. B.] 2023:274, Fig. 9 [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 111 (no. 2); ref. 40202] Chitende Island, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, -10.3982807, 34.2579842. Holotype: SAIAB 211376. Paratypes: FMNH, MPM, SAIAB. •Valid as Labeotropheus candipygia Pauers & Phiri 2023. •Synonym of Labeotropheus trewavasae Fryer 1956 -- (Konings 2024:12 [ref. 40862]). Current status: Synonym of Labeotropheus trewavasae Fryer 1956. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caninus, Telmatochromis Poll [M.] 1942:353 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 36 (no. 4); ref. 3516] Nyanza, Burundi, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 54702. Paratypes: MNHN 1962-0250 [ex MRAC] (1); MRAC 38879-81 (3), 38898-99 (2), 54641-43 (3), 54649-55 (7), 54657-59 (3), 54661-71 (11), 54693 (1), 54703-06 (4). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:222 [ref. 20868], Derijst 1991:69 [ref. 21528]. •Synonym of Telmatochromis dhonti (Boulenger 1919) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:475 [ref. 20946], Hanssens & Snoeks 2003:609 [ref. 27468]). •Synonym of Telmatochromis macrolepis (Borodin 1931) -- (Konings 2015:218 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:232 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Synonym of Telmatochromis macrolepis (Borodin 1931). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caparti, Trematocara Poll [M.] 1948:21, Figs. 14-15, 18 [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 24 (no. 26); ref. 13070] In front of Karema, Tanzania, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 110953. Paratypes: (246) BMNH 1960.9.30.5185-5264 (many); IRSNB 316 (42), 317 (34); MNHN 1962-0252 [ex MRAC 111026] (1); MRAC 110954-026 (73), 111027-053 (27). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:38 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:70 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Trematocara caparti Poll 1948 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:511 [ref. 20946], De Vos et al. 1996:12 [ref. 23211], Takahashi 2002:258 [ref. 26334], Konings 2015:371 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:394 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Trematocara caparti Poll 1948. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

capixaba, Australoheros Ottoni [F. P.] 2010:20, Fig. 1 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 60 (no. 1); ref. 30818] Stream under a bridge in a ES street, between Município deJaguaré and Município de São Mateus (18°34.953'S, 40°26.115' W), Estado do Espírito Santo, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 7725. Paratypes: at UFRJ, MCP, MNRJ, MZUSP. •Valid as Australoheros capixaba Ottoni 2010 -- (Ottoni et al. 2011:138 [ref. 31378], Ottoni 2012:84 [ref. 31900], Říčan et al. 2016:28 [ref. 34357], Ottoni et al. 2019:52 [ref. 36553] as cf capixaba). •Synonym of Australoheros ipatinguensis Ottoni & Costa 2008 -- (Lucena et al. 2022:84 [ref. 39823]). Current status: Synonym of Australoheros ipatinguensis Ottoni & Costa 2008. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cardiostigma, Crenicichla Ploeg [A.] 1991:26, Fig. 18 [South American Crenicichla; ref. 20196] Igarapé Traíra Montante, at Cachoeira Peudas, Rio Branco, Rio Negro system, Roraima, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 2916. Paratypes: INPA 1436-38 (1, 1, 1); ZMA 120399 (1). •Synonym of Crenicichla alta Eigenmann 1912 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35777]). •Synonym of Saxatilia alta (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Saxatilia alta (Eigenmann 1912). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

caris, Chaetodon Hamilton [F.] 1822:125, 372 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Paligaut, India. No types known. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:40 [ref. 37532]. •Synonym of Etroplus suratensis (Bloch 1790) -- (Menon 1999:292 [ref. 24904]). Current status: Synonym of Etroplus suratensis (Bloch 1790). Cichlidae: Etroplinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

carlottae, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1905:301, Pl. 14 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 3 (pt 7, no. 8); ref. 15347] Zambezi River immediately above Victoria Falls [Zambia/Zimbabwe]. Holotype: SAM 8788 [now at AMG]. Paratypes: SAM 8788 [now at AMG] (1). •Valid as Serranochromis carlottae (Boulenger 1905) -- (Skelton & Teugels 1991:443 [ref. 20962]). •Valid as Sargochromis carlottae (Boulenger 1905) -- (Skelton 1993:305 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:305 [ref. 27406], Marshall 2011:223 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:93 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Sargochromis carlottae (Boulenger 1905). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

caroli, Tilapia Holly [M.] 1930:204, Pl. 2 (fig. 11) [Sitzungsberichte, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 139 (Abt. 1) (nos. 3-4); ref. 2190] Cameroon. Lectotype: NMW 13952. Paralectotype: NMW 13953 (1). Type catalog: Bogutskaya et al. 2022:66 [ref. 39277]. Trewavas 1983:90 [ref. 20940] has holotype and paratype. •Valid as Sarotherodon caroli (Holly 1930) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:425 [ref. 20954], Stiassny et al. 2007:391 [ref. 30045], Neumann et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31163]). Current status: Valid as Sarotherodon caroli (Holly 1930). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West Africa: Lake Barombi-Mbo (Cameroon). Habitat: freshwater.

carpintis, Neetroplus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1899:146, Fig. 22 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 2501] Laguna del Carpinte near Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Holotype: CAS-SU 6162. Paratypes: ANSP 26950 (18, received from SU), BMNH 1900.9.29.172-175 (4?) [from Jordan], FMNH (1), CAS-SU 6201 (now 29). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:81 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:59 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Cichlasoma carpinte (Jordan & Snyder 1899) -- (Conkel 1993:106 [ref. 22949], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807] as carpintis). •Valid as Herichthys carpintis (Jordan & Snyder 1899) -- (Burgess 2000:46 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:635 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:369 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2009:7 [ref. 30400], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], De la Maza-Benignos & De Lordes Lozano-Vilano 2013:106 [ref. 32982], De la Maza-Benignos et al. 2014:xx [ref. 32982], Paepke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33351], McMahan et al. 2015:219 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:40 [ref. 34357], Pérez-Miranda et al. 2017:AppendixS2 [ref. 35682], Pérez-Miranda et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37473], Chan et al. 2023:144 [ref. 40365] as cf. carpintis, Pérez-Miranda et al. 2023:230 [ref. 40671]). Current status: Valid as Herichthys carpintis (Jordan & Snyder 1899). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Gallinas River and upper Tamasopo River basins, Atlantic Slope (Mexico). Introduced in Singapore but may not be established. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

carsevennensis, Crenicichla johanna var. Pellegrin [J.] 1906:168 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 30 (no. 8/9); ref. 15376] Carsevenne River, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1899-0113. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:207 [ref. 20868]. Ploeg 1986:227 [ref. 23087] indicates confusion with MNHN 1899-112 as Crenicichla brasiliensis var. vittata of Pellegrin 1904. •Synonym of Crenicichla johanna Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander 1986:98 [ref. 12439], Ploeg 1986:226 [ref. 23087], Ploeg 1991:68 [ref. 20196], Kullander 1997:285 [ref. 22746], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:628 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Lugubria johanna (Heckel 1840) -- (Varella et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Lugubria johanna (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cassius, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] & Barel [C. D. N.] 1978:161, Figs. 16-18 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 33 (no. 2); ref. 8928] Southern part of the Mwanza Gulf off Busissi, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Tanzania, depth 2 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1977.1.10.49. Paratypes: BMNH 1977.1.10.50 (1), 1977.1.10.51 (1), 1977.1.10.52-53 (2). •Valid as Haplochromis cassius Greenwood & Barel 1978 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:114 [ref. 20956], de Zeeuw et al. 2013:14 [ref. 32385]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis cassius Greenwood & Barel 1978. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

casuarius, Steatocranus Poll [M.] 1939:47, Fig. 30 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér C (Zoologie: Poissons, reptiles, amphibies) (Sér. 1) v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3513] Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: MRAC 39448 (1), 39449-50 (2), 43985-86 (2), 44008-10 (3), 47994 (1), 48002 (1), 48006 (1), 55121-43 (23), 55206-24 (19). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:66 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Steatocranus casuarius Poll 1939 -- (Snoeks & De Boeck 1991:460 [ref. 20963], Meyer 1993:118 [ref. 20836], Ibala Zamba et al. 2022:139 [ref. 39149]). Current status: Valid as Steatocranus casuarius Poll 1939. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

cataractae, Cichla Sabaj Pérez [M. H.], López-Fernández [H.], Willis [S. C.], Hemraj [D. D.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Winemiller [K. O.] 2020:74, Figs. 3, 4A-F, 5 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 167 (no. 1); ref. 37398] Rupununi River off of Manaho Lagoon, Guyana, 3°59'33.8"N, 58°44'45.8"W. Holotype: CSBD F 3613 [ex UMMZ 250942]. Paratypes: (159) AMNH, ANSP, CAS, CSBD, FMNH, UMMZ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cichla cataractae Sabaj Pérez, López-Fernández, Willis, Hemraj, Taphorn & Winemiller 2020. Current status: Valid as Cichla cataractae Sabaj Pérez, López-Fernández, Willis, Hemraj, Taphorn & Winemiller 2020. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Essequibo River basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

caudafasciata, Xenotilapia Poll [M.] 1951:9, Fig. 1 [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 27 (no. 30); ref. 12909] Moba Bay, south of M'Toto, Lake Tanganyika, depth 50-20 meters. Holotype: MRAC 109759. Paratypes: (384) BMNH 1960.9.30.4233-4369 (many); IRSNB 305-314 (9, 10, 8, 15, 15, 12, 19, 13, 20, 14); MNHN 1962-0248 [ex MRAC 109774] (1); MRAC 109760-880 (121 spec. in 14 lots). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:227 [ref. 20868], Walschaerts 1987:39-40 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:72 [ref. 21528]. Description continued in Poll 1951 [ref. 21213]. •Valid as Xenotilapia caudafasciata Poll 1951 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:530 [ref. 20946], Takahashi 2003:46 [ref. 26772], Konings 2015:367 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:391 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Xenotilapia caudafasciata Poll 1951. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

caudifasciatus, Pelmatochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1913:69 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 67); ref. 14948] Nyong River and Ja and Bumbe [Bumba] rivers, southern Cameroon. Syntypes: BMNH 1904.7.1.244-249 (6), 1908.7.28.185-190 (6), 1909.7.9.79-80 (2), 1909.7.9.81-82 (2), 1913.10.29.28-30 (3), 1914.5.27.16 (1). •Valid as Parananochromis caudifasciatus (Boulenger 1913) -- (Daget 1991:356 [ref. 20947], Lamboj & Stiassny 2003:1 [ref. 27430], Stiassny et al. 2007:285 [ref. 30045], Lamboj 2009:48 [ref. 30314], Lamboj 2014:57 [ref. 33507], Fermon et al. 2022:248 [ref. 39448], Ibala Zamba et al. 2022:12 [ref. 39771]). Current status: Valid as Parananochromis caudifasciatus (Boulenger 1913). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: southern Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

caudomaculata, Apistogramma Mesa S. [L. M.] & Lasso [C. A.] 2011:117, Fig. 52 [Revisión del género Apistogramma Regan, 1913; ref. 31958] Maripa, río Caura, morichal Pozo Vagabundo, 7°23'41"N, 65°09'78"W, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 13413. Paratypes: MHNLS 10986 (1), 13922 (1), 13934 (1). •Valid as Apistogramma caudomaculata Mesa S. & Lasso 2011 -- (Schindler & Staeck 2013:306 [ref. 33110], Staeck 2017:57 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma caudomaculata Mesa S. & Lasso 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

caudomarginata, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1916:327, Fig. 190 [Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa v. 4; ref. 585] North Sherbo District, Sierra Leone. Syntypes: BMNH 1915.5.19.17-18 (2). •Valid as Sarotherodon caudomarginatus (Boulenger 1916) -- (Lévêque et al. 1989:122 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:342 [ref. 26477], Trewavas & Teugels 1991:425 [ref. 20954], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:771 [ref. 21590]). Current status: Valid as Sarotherodon caudomarginatus (Boulenger 1916). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

caudopunctatus, Lamprologus Poll [M.] 1978:731, Fig. 2 [Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, Académie Royale de Belgique (Ser. 5) v. 64 (no. 11); ref. 8893] Cape Kabeyeye, East of Kasaba, southern Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. Holotype: MRAC 76-4-P-354. Paratypes: MRAC 76-4-P-176-177 (2), 76-4-P-355 (1); 76-4-P-407 (1), 76-4-P-412 (1), 76-4-P-443 (1), 77-35-P-218-223 (6). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:49 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Neolamprologus caudopunctatus (Poll 1978) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:277 [ref. 20946], Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431], Kullander et al. 2014:326 [ref. 33244]). •Valid as 'Lamprologus' caudopunctatus Poll 1978 -- (Konings 2015:245 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:259 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus caudopunctatus (Poll 1978). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: southern Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

cavalliensis, Nanochromis Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] & Loiselle [P. V.] 1971:200, Figs. 3-5 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 83 (nos 3-4); ref. 7708] Sahibly [Sahibli], 6°34'N, 8°20'W, Ivory Coast, elevation 230-250 meters. Holotype: MRAC 168574. Paratypes: MNHN 1963-0471 (4). •Valid as Limbochromis cavalliensis (Thys van den Audenaerde & Loiselle 1971) -- (Daget 1991:242 [ref. 20947], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:729 [ref. 21590], Lamboj 2000:68 [ref. 25026]). •Valid as Chromidotilapia cavalliensis (Thys van den Audenaerde & Loiselle 1971) -- (Lamboj 2002:254 [ref. 26537], Lamboj 2003:6 [ref. 27429]). Current status: Valid as Chromidotilapia cavalliensis (Thys van den Audenaerde & Loiselle 1971). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Ivory Coast, western Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

cavifrons, Paratilapia Hilgendorf [F. M.] 1888:77 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1888; ref. 2168] Lake Ukerewe, Victoria Nyanaza [Kagehi or Kageyi, east of Kayenze, southern shore of Lake Victoria, Mwanza district, Tanzania, 2°23'S, 33°06'E]. Holotype (unique): ZMB 12743. Type catalog: Seegers 2008:174 [ref. 29830] with improved locality information. Originally as Paratilapia? •Valid as Haplochromis cavifrons (Hilgendorf 1888) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:114 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis cavifrons (Hilgendorf 1888). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

celidochilus, Crenicichla Casciotta [J. R.] 1987:883, Figs. 1-4 [Copeia 1987 (no. 4); ref. 6772] Arroyo de la Invernada, Picada de la Negra Muerta, Dpto. Artigas, Uruguay. Holotype: ZVC-P 94. Paratypes: MLP 9003 [ex ZVC-P 95-115-114] (3); DVCP 118 (2), 126 (3), 1109 (1), 1879 (1). Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:20 [ref. 33466], Loureiro et al. 2016:414 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Crenicichla celidochilus Casciotta 1987 -- (Lucena & Azevedo 1989:93 [ref. 16140], Ploeg 1991:111 [ref. 20196], Lucena & Kullander 1992:107 [ref. 20004], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:627 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Casciotta et al. 2006:107 [ref. 28986], Casciotta & Almirón 2009:656 [ref. 30041], Piálek et al. 2010:34 [ref. 30903], Serra et al. 2011:357 [ref. 31355], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565] with author as Casciota, Loureiro et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40506], Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Crenicichla celidochilus Casciotta 1987. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River drainage (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

centisquama, Teleocichla Zuanon [J.] & Sazima [I.] 2002:374, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 26543] Furo do Zé Pinheiro, 3°27'26"S, 51°55'03"W, Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 14934. Paratypes: INPA 14936 (5, 1 c&s), 14937 (1), 16836 (1); MZUSP 68901 [ex INPA 14935] (1); ZUEC 4552 (1). •Valid as Teleocichla centisquama Zuanon & Sazima 2002 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:643 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:200 [ref. 27488], Varella et al. 2016:1553 [ref. 34728], Varella et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Teleocichla centisquama Zuanon & Sazima 2002. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Xingu drainage, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

centrale, Cichlasoma Meek [S. E.] 1906:94 [Field Columbian Museum, Zoölogical Series v. 7 (no. 3) (Publ. 116); ref. 15663] Caballo Blanco, Guatemala. Holotype: FMNH 5510. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:25 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Günther 1867) -- (Conkel 1993:132 [ref. 22949], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:625 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma', Miller 2006:368 [ref. 28615]). Current status: Synonym of Amphilophus trimaculatus (Günther 1867). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

centralis, Heros Holmberg [E. L.] 1891:183 [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Santiago de l'Estero Province, Argentina. No types known. •Synonym of Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander 1983:193 [ref. 8319] with question, Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061] with question, Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:77 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:52 [ref. 37939] with question). Current status: Synonym of Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

centrarchoides, Uarus Cope [E. D.] 1872:253, Pl. 11 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 9049. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Heros appendiculatus (Castelnau 1855) -- (Kullander 1986:219 [ref. 12439]). •Synonym of Heros efasciatus Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:636 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Heros efasciatus Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

centrarchus, Heros Gill [T. N.] in Gill & Bransford 1877:185 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 29; ref. 1714] Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua. Holotype (unique): USNM 16878. Holotype evidently is at the USNM, not BMNH 1905.3.27.2 as given in the Cat. of Fish. in 1998. •Valid as Cichlasoma centrarchus (Gill 1877) -- (Villa 1982:189 [ref. 36708], Bussing 1987:193 [ref. 22927], Conkel 1993:97 [ref. 22949]). •Valid as Archocentrus centrarchus (Gill 1877) -- (Kullander & Hartel 1997:195 [ref. 22732], Bussing 1998:336 [ref. 24179], Burgess 2000:52 [ref. 24818], Allgayer 2001:13 [ref. 26904], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:616 [ref. 27061], Schmitter-Soto 2007:10 [ref. 29310], Schmitter-Soto 2007:43 [ref. 29317], Matamoros et al. 2009:20 [ref. 31241], Angulo et al. 2013:1004 [ref. 33194], Říčan et al. 2016:36 [ref. 34357], Angulo et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Archocentrus centrarchus (Gill 1877). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Costa Rica, Honduras and Nicaragua. Habitat: freshwater.

centrarchus, Teleocichla Kullander [S. O.] 1988:198, Figs. 1-3 [Copeia 1988 (no. 1); ref. 6232] Rio Xingu, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 649. Paratypes: IRSNB 650 (6). •Valid as Crenicichla centrarchus (Kullander 1988) -- (Ploeg 1991:84 [ref. 20196]). •Valid as Teleocichla centrarchus Kullander 1988 -- (Zuanon & Sazima 2002:377 [ref. 26543], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:643 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:201 [ref. 27488], Varella & Moreira 2013:177 [ref. 32674], Varella et al. 2016:1553 [ref. 34728], Varella et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Teleocichla centrarchus Kullander 1988. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Xingu drainage, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

centropomoides, Leptochromis Bailey [R. M.] & Stewart [D. J.] 1977:13, Pl. 2; Fig. 2 (C, D) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 679; ref. 7230] Lake Tanganyika, 3-4 kilometers west of Mpulungu, Zambia, 8°46'S, 31°05'E, depth 60 meters. Holotype: UMMZ 199809. Paratypes: UMMZ 195988-91 (1, 1, 1, 4), 196036-37 (1, 1), 196115 (3), 199744 (1). •Valid as Baileychromis centropomoides (Bailey & Stewart 1977) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:20 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:243 [ref. 24781], Konings 2015:386 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:409 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Baileychromis centropomoides (Bailey & Stewart 1977). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

centropristoides, Haplochromis Nichols [J. T.] & LaMonte [F. R.] 1931:3, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 451; ref. 16313] Karonga, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], Malawi, southeastern Africa. Holotype: AMNH 9683. •Synonym of Haplochromis callipterus (Günther 1894) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:114 [ref. 20956]). •Synonym of Astatotilapia calliptera (Günther 1894). Current status: Synonym of Astatotilapia calliptera (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cerasogaster, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:118, Pl. 45 (fig. 1) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 5); ref. 589] Utanda and Kutu, Lake Leopold II [Mai-Ndombe], Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.11.27.67-68 (2) Utanda; MRAC 1050-56 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Hemichromis cerasogaster (Boulenger 1899) -- (Daget & Teugels 1991:189 [ref. 20957]). •Valid as Rubricatochromis cerasogaster (Boulenger 1899) -- (Lamboj & Koblmüller 2022:[11] [ref. 39796]). Current status: Valid as Rubricatochromis cerasogaster (Boulenger 1899). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

cessiana, Tilapia Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1968:185, Fig. 1 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 78 (nos 1-2); ref. 7925] Cess River (Nipoué River), Toyebli, Ivory Coast, western Africa. Holotype: MRAC 156025. Paratypes: MRAC 156026-31 (6). •Valid as Tilapia cessiana Thys van den Audenaerde 1968 -- (Paugy et al. 1990:343 [ref. 26477], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:486 [ref. 20943], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:275 [ref. 31064]). •Valid as Heterotilapia cessiana (Thys van den Audenaerde 1968) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Heterotilapia cessiana (Thys van den Audenaerde 1968). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Liberia and Ivory Coast, West Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

chacoensis, Acharnes Holmberg [E. L.] 1891:182 [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Formosa, Chaco, Argentina. No types known. Original as Chacoënsis. •Synonym of Crenicichla semifasciata (Heckel 1840) -- (Ploeg 1991:107 [ref. 20196] with question, Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:631 [ref. 27061] with question, Kullander & Lucena 2013:150 [ref. 32675] with question, Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:79 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:54 [ref. 37939], Varella et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Crenicichla semifasciata (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chamaeleo, Pseudotropheus Staeck [W.] 1977:66, Fig. [Das Aquarium No. 92; ref. 38142] Likoma Island, east coast of Lake Malawi, Africa. Original as "Pseudotropheus chamaeleo". Not intended as an original description and not described in accord with the Code. •In the synonymy of Pseudotropheus crabro (Ribbink & Lewis 1982). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pseudotropheus crabro (Ribbink & Lewis 1982). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae.

champotonis, Cichlasoma Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:257, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] Río Champoton, Janateya, Campeche, 34 kilometers east of the mouth, Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 102203. Paratypes: UMMZ 102202 (2). •Synonym of Cichlasoma helleri (Steindachner 1864) -- (Miller & Taylor 1984:938 [ref. 6809]). •Synonym of Thorichthys helleri (Steindachner 1864) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:644 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:378 [ref. 28615]). Current status: Synonym of Thorichthys helleri (Steindachner 1864). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chancho, Amphilophus Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], McCrary [J. K.] & Black [K. E.] 2008:119, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 121 (no. 1); ref. 29556] Granada Bajadero, Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua, 11°55.41'N, 86°0.72'W. Holotype: PSU 44500.1. Paratypes: AMNH 240556 (4); PSU 4500 to 4514 (many) •Valid as Amphilophus chancho Stauffer, McCrary & Black 2008 -- (Oldfield 2009:9 [ref. 30478], Geiger, McCrary & Stauffer 2010:171 [ref. 30913], Recknagel et al. 2013:209 [ref. 32956], Říčan et al. 2016:37 [ref. 34357], Angulo et al. 2023:48 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Amphilophus chancho Stauffer, McCrary & Black 2008. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Lake Apoyo (Nicaragua) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

chapmanii, Chromys Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:15 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Lake Ngami, Botswana, southern Africa. Holotype (unique): MNHN (not found). Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1978:45 [ref. 20862]. Original genus should have been Chromis. •Synonym of Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:322 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis macrochir (Boulenger 1912). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

charadrica, Mazarunia López-Fernández [H.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Liverpool [E. A.] 2012:475, Figs. 2b, 3b, 6a, 8-10 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 32205] Upper Mazaruni River, Waruma Creek, 5°28'31.8"N, 60°46'46.812"W, Cuyuni-Mazaruni (Region 7), Guyana. Holotype: UG/CSBD 1667 [ex ROM 83808]. Paratypes: ANSP, ROM. •Valid as Mazarunia charadrica López-Fernández, Taphorn & Liverpool 2012 -- (Staeck 2017:269 [ref. 35639]). Current status: Valid as Mazarunia charadrica López-Fernández, Taphorn & Liverpool 2012. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Mazaruni River drainage, Essequibo River basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

charrua, Australoheros Říčan [O.] & Kullander [S. O.] 2008:23, Fig. 11 etc. [Zootaxa No. 1724; ref. 29548] Arroyo Canoin, Rio Uruguay drainage, road from Pirapo to São Nicolau, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 13938. Paratypes: MCP 12667 (5); NRM 12667 (2). •Valid as Australoheros charrua Říčan & Kullander 2008 -- (Ottoni & Costa 2008:208 [ref. 29909], Loureiro & García 2008:4 [ref. 30099], Ottoni et al. 2011:138 [ref. 31378], Ríčan et al. 2011:2 [ref. 31455], Ottoni 2012:84 [ref. 31900], Ottoni 2013:166 [ref. 32901], Říčan et al. 2016:28 [ref. 34357], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565]). Current status: Valid as Australoheros charrua Říčan & Kullander 2008. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Río Uruguay drainage, Brazil and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

che, Gymnogeophagus Casciotta [J. R.], Gómez [S. E.] & Toresanni [N. I.] 2000:55, Figs. 1, 3, 4 [Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", n.s. v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 24908] Arroyo Urugua-í and ruta provincial 19 frente a la pasarela en Islas Malvinas Province Park, Paraná River, Basin, northeastern Argentina. Holotype: MLP 8747. Paratypes: MACN 8220 (3); MLP 8748-52 (5, 1, 1, 3, 2), 8758 (17). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:21 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus che Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni 2000 -- (López et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26808], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:77 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Malabarba et al. 2015:659 [ref. 34105], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Casciotta et al. 2017:20 [ref. 35727]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus che Casciotta, Gómez & Toresanni 2000. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Paraná River basin: Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

chekopae, Mylochromis Turner [G. F.] & Howarth [J. D.] 2001:206, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 25642] Lake Malawi, southeastern arm, off Chekopa on the eastern shore, 13°53'S, 35°07'E, Malawi, depth 20 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1996.10.14.98. Paratypes: BMNH 1996.10.14.99-120 (22). •Valid as Mylochromis chekopae Turner & Howarth 2001 -- (Konings 2016:337 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Mylochromis chekopae Turner & Howarth 2001. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chetumalensis, Cryptoheros Schmitter-Soto [J. J.] 2007:37, Figs. 9-10 [Zootaxa No. 1603; ref. 29310] Arroyo Aguadulce, a tributary of Río Hondo, at Sabidos, near Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Holotype: ECOCH 5467. Paratypes: ECOCH 1005 (12), 1465 (2), 1536 (1), 1559 (4), 1593 (3), 1693 (8), 1900 (13), 2328 (7); UMMZ 210888 (9). •Valid as Cryptoheros chetumalensis Schmitter-Soto 2007 [in subgenus Cryptoheros] -- (Schmitter-Soto 2007:43 [ref. 29317], Schmitter-Soto 2007:43 [ref. 29317], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], Říčan et al. 2016:33 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Cryptoheros chetumalensis Schmitter-Soto 2007. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Belize, Guatemala and Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

chicha, Crenicichla Varella [H. R.], Kullander [S. O.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2012:234, Figs. 1-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 32030] Rio Tapajós drainage, rio Papagaio, about 3 km above the road Sapezal/Tangará da Serra, 13°36'03"S, 58°25'05"W, Sapezal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 109198. Paratypes: many at ANSP, MCP, MZUSP, NRM, NUP, ZUEC Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:33 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Crenicichla chicha Varella, Kullander & Lima 2012 -- (Kullander & Lucena 2013:150 [ref. 32675]). •Valid as Hemeraia chicha (Varella, Kullander & Lima 2012) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Hemeraia chicha (Varella, Kullander & Lima 2012). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tapajós drainage, Amazon basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

chilingali, Lethrinops Turner [G. F.], Crampton [D. A.] & Genner [M. J.] 2023:518, Figs. 2, 3b, d, f, 4a [Zootaxa 5318 (no. 4); ref. 40302] Lake Chilingali, eastern Africa, 12.94°S, 34.21°E. Holotype: BMNH 2023.1.11.1. Paratypes: BMNH 2023.1.11.2-21 (20). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Lethrinops chilingali Turner, Crampton & Genner 2023. Current status: Valid as Lethrinops chilingali Turner, Crampton & Genner 2023. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Chilingali, Lake Malawi catchment. Habitat: freshwater.

chilolae, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:136, Fig. 14 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] Chilola Bay, Mozambique, Lake Malawi, depth 51-57 meters. Holotype: SADC/GEF 98/33/08/47 [MRAC 99-4-P-3870]. Paratypes: SADC/GEF 98/33/08/48-49 [MRAC 99-4-P-3871-72] (2). •Valid as Placidochromis chilolae Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:406 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis chilolae Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chilotes, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:68 [5], Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 3). v. 5 (no. 45); ref. 580] Jinja, Ripon Falls, Uganda. Syntypes: BMNH 1911.3.3.33 (1), MSNG 12981 (1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:338 [ref. 10350] with holotype as MSNG 12981. On p. 5 of separate. •Valid as Haplochromis chilotes (Boulenger 1911) -- (Greenwood 1959:207 [ref. 20616], van Oijen et al. 1991:115 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis chilotes (Boulenger 1911). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

chilundu, Cynotilapia Li [S.], Konings [A. F.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 2016:370, Fig. 7 [Zootaxa 4168 (no. 2); ref. 34737] Taiwanee Reef, Lake Malawi, Malawi, Africa, 11°57.448'S, 34°35.298'E. Holotype: PSU 12774. Paratypes: PSU. •Valid as Cynotilapia chilundu Li, Konings & Stauffer 2016. Current status: Valid as Cynotilapia chilundu Li, Konings & Stauffer 2016. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

chilwae, Tilapia shirana Trewavas [E.] 1966:52 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 74 (nos 1-2); ref. 9081] Lake Chilwa, southeast of Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1966.7.19.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1966.7.19.2 (1), 1966.7.19.3-30 (28). •Synonym of Oreochromis shiranus Boulenger 1897, but a valid subspecies chilwae (Trewavas 1966) -- (Trewavas 1981:42 [ref. 39520], Trewavas & Teugels 1991:338 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis shiranus Boulenger 1897. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

chimantanus, Aequidens Inger [R. F.] 1956:437, Fig. 94 [Fieldiana Zoology v. 34 (no. 37); ref. 12201] Río Abácapa, west side of Chimantá-tepui, Venezuela, elevation 1300 feet. Holotype: FMNH 45702. Paratypes: FMNH 45703 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:5 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Aequidens chimantanus Inger 1956 -- (Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:32 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:607 [ref. 27061], Hernández-Acevedo et al. 2015:104 [ref. 34438]). Current status: Valid as Aequidens chimantanus Inger 1956. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Caroní River basin in Orinoco River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

chipi, Tahuantinsuyoa Kullander [S. O.] 1991:4, Fig. 2 [Cybium v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 20150] Pools of unnamed creek close to lower Río Llullapichis, 1.8 kilometers east of Panguana station, Depto. Huánuco, Peru. Holotype: ROM 58725. Paratypes: MHNG 2394.50 (6), 2395.25 (2), 2395.27 (1); NRM 12000 (1), 12003 (4); ROM 57005 (4), 55516 (8), 55519 (4), 56124 (6). •Valid as Tahuantinsuyoa chipi Kullander 1991 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:643 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745] as cf. chipi). Current status: Valid as Tahuantinsuyoa chipi Kullander 1991. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

chipokae, Melanochromis Johnson [D. S.] 1975:18, Fig. [Today's Aquarist v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 2356] Off Chipoka Island, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], Malawi. Holotype: USNM 214173. Paratypes: USNM 214174 (1). •Valid as Melanochromis chipokae Johnson 1975 -- (Maréchal 1991:259 [ref. 20944], Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30309], Konings & Stauffer 2012:11[ref. 31871], Konings 2016:217 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Melanochromis chipokae Johnson 1975. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chirangali, Labeotropheus Pauers [M. J.] & Phiri [T. B.] 2023:278, Fig. 10 [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 111 (no. 2); ref. 40202] Mphanga Rocks, Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, -10.4328123, 34.2783040. Holotype: SAIAB 211378. Paratypes: FMNH, MPM, SAIAB. •Valid as Labeotropheus chirangali Pauers & Phiri 2023. •Synonym of Labeotropheus trewavasae Fryer 1956 -- (Konings 2024:12 [ref. 40862]). Current status: Synonym of Labeotropheus trewavasae Fryer 1956. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chisumulae, Labidochromis Lewis [D. S. C.] 1982:239, Fig. 28 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 75 (no. 3); ref. 8451] Off shores of Chisumulu Island, central Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, 12°01'S, 34°38'E. Holotype: BMNH 1981.1.9.79. Paratypes: AMNH 39198 (2), BMNH 1981.1.9.80-84 (5), MRAC 80-35-P-22-23 (2), NMBZ [ex QVMS] 3834 (2), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 471 (1), USNM 226816 (2). •Valid as Labidochromis chisumulae Lewis 1982 -- (Maréchal 1991:210 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:144 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Labidochromis chisumulae Lewis 1982. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chitamwebwai, Neolamprologus Verburg [P.] & Bills [I. R.] 2007:35, Figs. 2B-3B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 10 [Zootaxa No. 1612; ref. 29303] Cape Bangwe on the Bangwe peninsula near Kigoma, Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, 4°54'44"S, 29°35'55"E. Holotype: SAIAB 56270. Paratypes: MRAC 98-056-P-2 (1); SAIAB 57908 (1), 57911 (10), 58256 (7). Plus topotypes: GMNH 4420 (14). •Valid as Neolamprologus chitamwebwai Verburg & Bills 2007 -- (Kullander et al. 2014:326 [ref. 33244]). •Synonym of Neolamprologus falcicula (Brichard 1989) -- (Konings 2015:127 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:134 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Synonym of Neolamprologus falcicula (Brichard 1989). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chizumuluensis, Copadichromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] & Konings [A. F.] 2006:22, Figs. 5, 7b [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 28633] Lake Malawi, Chizumulu Island, Mkanila Bay, 12°00.566'S, 34°36.828'E. Holotype: PSU 3644. Paratypes: PSU 3645 (1), UMBC 007 (1). •Valid as Copadichromis chizumuluensis Stauffer & Konings 2006 -- (Konings 2016:242 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Copadichromis chizumuluensis Stauffer & Konings 2006. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chlorochrous, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] & Gee [J. M.] 1969:44, Figs. 27-29 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 7814] Between Nsadzi Island, and the mainland, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda, depth 70-100 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1968.8.30.310. Paratypes: BMNH 1968.8.30.311-328 (18). •Valid as Haplochromis chlorochrous Greenwood & Gee 1969 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:115 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis chlorochrous Greenwood & Gee 1969. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

chlorosiglos, Labeotropheus Pauers [M. J.] 2016:630, Figs. 3, 7 [Copeia v. 104 (no. 3); ref. 34657] Katale Island, Lake Malaŵi, 10°27'14.97"S, 34°17'06.32"E. Holotype: MPM 50039. Paratypes: MPM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Labeotropheus chlorosiglos Pauers 2016 -- (Pauers 2017:410 [ref. 35478], Pauers & Phiri 2023:287 [ref. 40202]). •Synonym of Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl 1926 -- (Konings 2024:13 [ref. 40862]). Current status: Synonym of Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl 1926. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

christyi, Aristochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:117 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Syntypes: (19) BMNH 1935.6.14.2284-2296 (?13). •Valid as Aristochromis christyi Trewavas 1935 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:264 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:7 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:132 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Aristochromis christyi Trewavas 1935. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

christyi, Lamprologus Trewavas [E.] & Poll [M.] 1952:10, Fig. 4 [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 28 (no. 50); ref. 12809] Mtosi Bay, great rocks of south coast, Lake Tanganyika, depth 2-4 meters. Holotype: MRAC 114281. Paratypes: (19) BMNH 1950.4.1.7445-7449 (5), 1960.9.30.7969-7972 (4); IRSNB 337 (5); MCZ 60974 [ex BMNH] (1); MRAC 114282-85 (4). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:32 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:50 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Neolamprologus christyi (Trewavas & Poll 1952) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:278 [ref. 20946], Büscher 1997:704 [ref. 23478], Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431], Konings 2015:242 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:256 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus christyi (Trewavas & Poll 1952). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: southeastern Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

christyi, Lethrinops Trewavas [E.] 1931:150 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 7 (no. 37); ref. 16339] Monkey Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1930.1.31.279-281 (157-mm male). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1930.1.31.279-281 (2 of 3). Lectotype established in Eccles & Trewavas 1989:125, Fig. 57 [ref. 13547] as a 157-mm male. •Valid as Lethrinops christyi Trewavas 1931 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:124 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:234 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:398 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Lethrinops christyi Trewavas 1931. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

christyi, Limnochromis Trewavas [E.] 1953:1, Figs. A-D [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 29 (no. 6); ref. 12722] Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: BMNH 1950.4.1.1262. Paratypes: BMNH 1950.4.1.1263-64. (2) •Valid as Greenwoodochromis christyi (Trewavas 1953) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:99 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:245 [ref. 24781], Konings 2015:212 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:225 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Greenwoodochromis christyi (Trewavas 1953). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

christyi, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1915:204 [Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa v. 3; ref. 584] Stanley [Boyoma] Falls and Avakubi, upper Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1919.9.10.303 (1) Stanley Falls; MRAC 2215 (1), 2301 (1), 7109-10 (1, 1), 7355-57 (3). Also described as new in Boulenger 1920:37, Fig. 21 [ref. 587]. •Synonym of Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger 1897) -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:495 [ref. 20943], Seegers 1996:323 [ref. 23725]). •Synonym of Coptodon rendalli (Boulenger 1897). Current status: Synonym of Coptodon rendalli (Boulenger 1897). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

chromogynos, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1959:212 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 5 (no. 7); ref. 20616] Napoleon Gulf, near Jinja, Uganda, Lake Victoria. Holotype: BMNH 1958.1.16.83. Paratypes: BMNH 1906.5.30.407-12 (6), 1906.5.30.415-16 (2), 1958.1.16.63-66 (4), 1958.1.16.67-68, 69 and 70 (2, 1, 1), 1958.1.16.71-75, .76-81 and .82 (5, 6, 1), 1958.1.16.84 (1). •Valid as Haplochromis chromogynos Greenwood 1959 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:116 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis chromogynos Greenwood 1959. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysogaster, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:87, 103 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Southern west arm, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1935.6.14.1640. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1935.6.14.1641 (1), 1935.6.14.1642 (1). Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:198 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Naevochromis chrysogaster (Trewavas 1935) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:197 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:269 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:269 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Naevochromis chrysogaster (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysogynaion, Haplochromis van Oijen [M. J. P.] 1991:67, Figs. 79-82, 84-87, 112 [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 272; ref. 20098] Mikassa Bay, Maisome Island, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Tanzania. Holotype: RMNH 30118. Paratypes: RMNH 30119-20 (2). •Valid as Haplochromis chrysogynaion van Oijen 1991. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis chrysogynaion van Oijen 1991. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysomallos, Metriaclima Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], Bowers [N. J.], Kellogg [K. A.] & McKaye [K. R.] 1997:198, Figs. 10-11 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 148; ref. 23216] Mumbo Island, Lake Malawi, Malawi, Africa, depth 1-5 meters. Holotype: PSU 3052. Paratypes: ANSP 176196 (4), MFU 23 (4), PSU 3053 (7), USNM 341920 [not 34192] (4). •Valid as Metriaclima chrysomallos Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997 -- (Konings & Stauffer 2006:234 [ref. 28844], Ciccotto et al. 2011:1, 6 [ref. 31119], Konings 2016:64 [ref. 34521], Li et al. 2016:379 [ref. 34737]). •Valid as Maylandia chrysomallos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997) -- (Ufermann 2001:61 [ref. 30286]). Current status: Valid as Maylandia chrysomallos (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysonota, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1908:239 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 575] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1908.10.27.49. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1908.10.27.50-57 (18); MSNM 58 [ex MSNM 4416 and ex BMNH] (1). Type catalog: Conci & Michelangeli 1974:228 [ref. 21560]. Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:305 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Copadichromis chrysonotus (Boulenger 1908) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:302 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:52 [ref. 20944], Stauffer & Sato 2002:91 [ref. 26070], Chisambo & Snoeks 2004:264 [ref. 28115], Chisambo & Snoeks 2004:264 [ref. 28115], Stauffer & Konings 2006:12 [ref. 28633], Konings 2016:130 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Copadichromis chrysonotus (Boulenger 1908). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysos, Petrotilapia Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] & van Snik [E. S.] 1996:696, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1996 (no. 3); ref. 22230] Chinyamwezi Island, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 1-3 meters. Holotype: PSU 2726. Paratypes: PSU 2727-34 (16, 3, 4, 8, 5, 12, 9, 10); USNM 336590 (6), 336591 (6); MFRU 9 (3). •Valid as Petrotilapia chrysos Stauffer & van Snik 1996 -- (Ruffing et al. 2006:534 [ref. 28963], Lundeba et al. 2011:149 [ref. 31361], Lundeba et al. 2011:149 [ref. 31361], Konings 2016:77 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Petrotilapia chrysos Stauffer & van Snik 1996. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

chungruruensis, Tilapia Ahl [E.] 1924:86 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 59 (nos 3/4); ref. 15435] "Chungrurusee", Tanganyika Territory. Holotype: ZMB 21410. Paratypes: (?29) ZMB 32623-25 (2, 10, 5). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Oreochromis chungruruensis (Ahl 1924) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:314 [ref. 20954], Ford et al. 2019:223 [ref. 36713]). Current status: Valid as Oreochromis chungruruensis (Ahl 1924). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Tanzania: Lake Kyungululu. Habitat: freshwater.

cienagae, Cichlasoma urophthalmus Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:271, Pls. 12 (fig.4), 14 (figs.4-6) [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] Slightly brackish pool, 3 kilometers south of Progreso, Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 102135. Paratypes: UMMZ 102139 (11). •Valid as Cichlasoma cienagae Hubbs 1936 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Valid as Mayaheros cienagae (Hubbs 1936) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34357]). •Synonym of Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (Barrientos-Villalobos et al. 2018:276 [ref. 35933]). Current status: Synonym of Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cimballii, Labrodascyllus Di Caporiacco [L.] 1948:198, Fig. 1 [Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia Yr. 23 [v. 2, N.S.]; ref. 721] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MZUF 5571-72 (2). Type catalog: Vanni 1991:226 [ref. 20099]. •Probably a synonym of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) -- (P. Parenti pers. comm. 4/20). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cincta, Crenicichla Regan [C. T.] 1905:166 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1905, v. 1 (pt 2) (art. 1) (for 7 Mar. 1905); ref. 12256] Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1902-0095. Replacement name for Crenicichla brasiliensis var. fasciatus Pellegrin 1904. Secondarily preoccupied by Cychla fasciata Jardine 1843 in Crenicichla. Regan erroneously named BMNH 1895.3.29:32 as holotype. As a replacement name, cincta automatically takes Pellegrin's type (Art. 72.7 of the Code). •Valid as Crenicichla cincta Regan 1905 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1997:285 [ref. 22746], Ploeg 1991:66 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:627 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Varella & Ito 2018:11 [ref. 35884], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1403 [ref. 37878], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298]). •Valid as Lugubria cincta (Regan 1905) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Lugubria cincta (Regan 1905). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

cinctus, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] & Gee [J. M.] 1969:15, Fig. 8 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 7814] Near Mwama Island, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda, depth 70-200 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1968.8.30.13. Paratypes: BMNH 1968.8.30.14-18 (5). •Valid as Haplochromis cinctus Greenwood & Gee 1969 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:116 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis cinctus Greenwood & Gee 1969. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

cinctus, Heros tetracanthus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1903:234, Fig. 16 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 1217] Paso Real, Cuba. Holotype: CAS 78971 [ex IU 9671]. Paratypes: (3). •Synonym of Nandopsis tetracanthus (Valenciennes 1831) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:639 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Nandopsis tetracanthus (Valenciennes 1831). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

cinderella, Teleocichla Kullander [S. O.] 1988:204, Figs. 1, 6, 13, 16, 27 [Copeia 1988 (no. 1); ref. 6232] Rio Tocantins, Tucurui, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 802. Paratypes: INPA 803 (8), 804 (15); NRM 14958 (1), 40647 (4, 2 c&s). •Valid as Crenicichla cinderella (Kullander 1988) -- (Ploeg 1991:85 [ref. 20196]). •Valid as Teleocichla cinderella Kullander 1988 -- (Zuanon & Sazima 2002:378 [ref. 26543], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:643 [ref. 27061], Varella & Moreira 2013:180 [ref. 32674], Varella et al. 2016:1553 [ref. 34728], Staeck 2017:300 [ref. 35639], Varella et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Teleocichla cinderella Kullander 1988. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tocantins drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cinerea, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:439 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 49); ref. 574] Buganga, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1906.5.30.292. •Valid as Haplochromis cinereus (Boulenger 1906) -- (Greenwood 1960:239 [ref. 11917], van Oijen et al. 1991:116 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis cinereus (Boulenger 1906). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

cinilabra, Apistogramma Römer [U.], Duponchelle [F.], Díaz [A. V.], Dávila [C. R. G.], Sirvas [S.], Catchay [C. D.] & Renno [J.-F.] 2011:5, Figs. 1-28 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 61 (no. 1); ref. 31288] Small lake ca. 78 km south of Iquitos, about 1 km west of the road from Iquitos to Nauta, Departamento Loreto, Peru, 4°00'46".2"S, 73°27'47.7"W. Holotype: MUSM 39908. Paratypes: many at CAS, FMNH, MTD, MUSM. •Valid as Apistogramma cinilabra Römer, Duponchelle, Díaz, Dávila, Sirvas, Catchay & Renno 2011 -- (Römer et al. 2013:17 [ref. 32665], Römer & Hahn 2013:179 [ref. 32902], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:58 [ref. 35639], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma cinilabra Römer, Duponchelle, Díaz, Dávila, Sirvas, Catchay & Renno 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Itaya drainage (Loreto, Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

citrinellus, Heros Günther [A.] 1864:153 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 1) (art. 3) (for 22 Mar. 1864); ref. 13930] Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.26.201-203 (3). •Valid as Cichlosoma citrinellum (Günther 1864) -- (Villa 1982:190 [ref. 36708], Bussing 1987:195 [ref. 22927]). •Valid as Cichlasoma citrinellum (Günther 1864) -- (Page & Burr 1991:332 [ref. 18983], Conkel 1993:83 [ref. 22949], Fuller et al. 1999:420 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther 1864) -- (Kullander & Hartel 1997:195 [ref. 22732], Bussing 1998:312 [ref. 24179], Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:610 [ref. 27061], Stauffer & McKaye 2002:8 [ref. 27240], Mundy 2005:418 [ref. 28379], Stauffer et al. 2008:117 [ref. 29556], Scharpf 2009:3 [ref. 30400] as citrinellum, Oldfield 2009:1 [ref. 30478], Page & Burr 2011:610 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], Kottelat 2013:373 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:1004 [ref. 33194], Říčan et al. 2016:37 [ref. 34357], Robins et al. 2018:364 [ref. 35886], Poniente et al. 2020:57 [ref. 37327], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Angulo 2021:13 [ref. 38913], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[7] [ref. 39245], Angulo et al. 2023:48 [ref. 40676], Chan et al. 2023:143 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Amphilophus citrinellus (Günther 1864). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Atlantic slope of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Established in Florida and Puerto Rico (U.S.A.), Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines. Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

clancularia, Crenicichla Ploeg [A.] 1991:27, Fig. 20 [South American Crenicichla; ref. 20196] Buenavista, Santa Cruz, Río Mamore system, Mato Grosso, Bolivia. Holotype: BMNH 1927.10.4.49. Paratypes: BMNH 1927.10.4.50-56 (5); INPA 3070 (1), 3072 (1); ZMA 120356 (2), 120394 (1). •Synonym of Crenicichla semicincta Steindachner 1892 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:631 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:127, 189 [ref. 35004], Varella et al. 2018:384 [ref. 35777]). •Synonym of Saxatilia semicincta (Steindachner 1892) -- (Varella et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Saxatilia semicincta (Steindachner 1892). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cnester, Haplochromis Witte [F.] & Witte-Maas [E. L. M.] 1981:214, Figs. 8, 12 [Netherlands Journal of Zoology v. 31 (no. 1); ref. 8525] Near Nyamatala Island, northern Mwanza Gulf, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Tanzania, depth 8.8-9.5 meters. Holotype: RMNH 28271. Paratypes: BMNH 1981.1.16.114-115 (2); RMNH 28265-70 (2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), 28272-74 (1, 1, 1), 28325 (1, partially dissected). •Valid as Haplochromis cnester Witte & Witte-Maas 1981 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:117 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis cnester Witte & Witte-Maas 1981. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

coatepeque, Amatitlania Schmitter-Soto [J. J.] 2007:52, Figs. 19 [Zootaxa No. 1603; ref. 29310] North shore of island in Lake Coatepeque, El Salvador. Holotype: UMMZ 245584. Paratypes: FMNH 12136 (10); UMMZ 181823 (18), 202805 (4). •Synonym of Amatitlania nigrofasciata (Günther 1867) -- (McMahan et al. 2014:637 [ref. 33605], Artigas Azas 2021:17 [ref. 38258]). •Valid as Amatitlania coatepeque Schmitter-Soto 2007 -- (Schmitter-Soto 2007:43 [ref. 29317], McMahan et al. 2013:451 [ref. 32422], Říčan et al. 2016:34 [ref. 34357]). Current status: Valid as Amatitlania coatepeque Schmitter-Soto 2007. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lake Coatepeque, El Salvador. Habitat: freshwater.

coatlicue, Vieja Del Moral-Flores [L. F.], López-Segovia [E.] & Hernández-Arellano [T.] 2018:3, Figs. 1-5 [Revista de Zoología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México v. 29; ref. 36020] Río Uxpanapa, poblado 11, Helio García Alfaro, Uxpanapa, Veracruz, México, 17°15'47.8"N, 94°16'50.3"E. Holotype: CIFI-607. Paratypes: CICIB-UAEM, CIFI, CNP-IBUNAM, CPUM. •Valid as Vieja coatlicue Del Moral-Flores, López-Segovia & Hernández-Arellano 2018. •Synonym of Vieja zonata (Meek 1905) -- (McMahan et al. 2019:6 [ref. 36816]). Current status: Synonym of Vieja zonata (Meek 1905). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

codringtonii, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1908:495 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 12); ref. 14307] Zambezi River above Victoria Falls [Zambia/Zimbabwe]. Lectotype: BMNH 1908.11.6.32. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1908.11.6.33 (1), 1908.11.6.34 (1, skeleton). Lectotype selected by Bell-Cross 1975 [ref. 6825] according to Skelton & Teugels 1991:444 [ref. 20962]. •Valid as Serranochromis codringtonii (Boulenger 1908) -- (Skelton & Teugels 1991:444 [ref. 20962]). •Valid as Sargochromis codringtonii (Boulenger 1908) -- (Skelton 1993:295 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:306 [ref. 27406], Marshall 2011:220 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:94 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Sargochromis codringtonii (Boulenger 1908). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

coeruleomaculatus, Chromis Rochebrune [A. T. de] 1880:166 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 3790] Senegal. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot et al. 1978:45 [ref. 20862] as coeruleo maculatus and author as Sauvage. Originally as coeruleo maculatus. •Synonym of Tilapia zillii (Gervais 1848) -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:507 [ref. 20943] as caeruleomaculatus, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:757 [ref. 21590] as caeruleomaculatus). •Synonym of Coptodon zillii (Gervais 1848) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Coptodon zillii (Gervais 1848). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

coeruleopunctata, Acara Kner [R.] 1863:222, "Fig. 3" (unpublished) [Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 1863, v. 2; ref. 5002] Río Chagres, Panama. Syntypes: NMW 33635-36 [ex ZSM] (1, 1), 22168 [ex ZSM] (1); ZSM no. 5, 30, 116, 219, 239 [old collection] (original 5) destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:269 [ref. 28925]. •Valid as Aequidens coeruleopunctatus (Kner 1863) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:42 [ref. 37559], Bussing 1987:186 [ref. 22927], Conkel 1993:181 [ref. 22949] as coerulopunctatus, Bussing 1998:310 [ref. 24179], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:608 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Andinoacara coeruleopunctatus (Kner 1863) -- (Musilová et al. 2009:7 [ref. 30201], Musilová et al. 2009:131 [ref. 30601], Schindler & Morgenstern 2010:115 [ref. 31245], Wijkmark et al. 2012:118 [ref. 32299], Angulo et al. 2013:1004 [ref. 33194], Musilová et al. 2015:339 [ref. 35426], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[28] [ref. 35679] with authors as Kner & Steindachner, Angulo et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37425]). Current status: Valid as Andinoacara coeruleopunctatus (Kner 1863). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Atlantic and Pacific slopes of Panama, Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Habitat: freshwater.

coeruleus, Theraps Stawikowski [R.] & Werner [U.] 1987:499, Fig. [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 40 (no. 11); ref. 9097] Tributary of Río Mizol Há at Francesco Madero, about 30 kilometers south of Palenque, Mexico. Holotype: ZFMK 15501. Paratypes: ZFMK 15502-05 (4). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:131 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Cichlasoma coeruleus (Stawikowski & Werner 1987) -- (Conkel 1993:152 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Theraps lentiginosus (Steindachner 1864) -- (Miller 2006:375 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Theraps coeruleus Stawikowski & Werner 1987 -- (Allgayer 1989:6 [ref. 20696], Burgess 2000:50 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:643 [ref. 27061], McMahan et al. 2010:1299 [ref. 31111]). •Valid as Rheoheros coeruleus (Stawikowski & Werner 1987) -- (McMahan et al. 2015:224 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:43 [ref. 34357], Gómez-Martínez et al. 2022:241 [ref. 39506]). Current status: Valid as Rheoheros coeruleus (Stawikowski & Werner 1987). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

coffea, Tilapia Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1970:134, Figs. 1-3 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 81 (nos 1-2); ref. 7786] Mount Coffee Dam Lake on St. Paul River, near Harrisburg village, 6°32'N, 10°35'W, Liberia, western Africa. Holotype: MRAC 171956. Paratypes: MRAC 171957-77 (21). •Valid as Tilapia coffea Thys van den Audenaerde 1970 -- (Paugy et al. 1990:343 [ref. 26477], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:486 [ref. 20943], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:753 [ref. 21590], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:275 [ref. 31064], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon coffea (Thys van den Audenaerde 1970) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Coptodon coffea (Thys van den Audenaerde 1970). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Liberia. Habitat: freshwater.

cognatus, Acara Heckel [J. J.] 1840:356 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Manaus, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 33619. •Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander 1986:79 [ref. 12439]). Current status: Synonym of Acaronia nassa (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

coloratus, Cyprichromis Takahashi [T.] & Hori [M.] 2006:177, Figs. 2-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 68 (Suppl. B); ref. 28705] Wonzye Point, Zambia, Lake Tanganyika, depth 12 meters. Holotype: HUMZ 187832. Paratypes: 40 specimens at HUMZ and MRAC. •Valid as Cyprichromis coloratus Takahashi & Hori 2006 -- (Konings 2015:205 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:218 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Cyprichromis coloratus Takahashi & Hori 2006. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa, Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

commbrae, Heterogramma Regan [C. T.] 1906:64 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 97) (art. 6); ref. 3626] Carandasiñho, Mato Grosso and Colonia Risso, Alto Paraguay. Lectotype: BMNH 1900.4.14.16. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1895.1.30.6-9 (4). Spelled commbae on p. viii. Eigenmann's manuscript name Biotodoma commbrae is in synonymy. Described independently as corubrae in Eigenmann & Ward 1907. Also seen as corumbae in literature. Lectotype selected by Kullander 1982:36 [ref. ref. 29218]. •Valid as Apistogramma commbrae (Regan 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1999:144 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:74 [ref. 27366], Staeck 2003:29 [ref. 27488], Casciotta et al. 2003:153 [ref. 28130], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Römer et al. 2013:29 [ref. 32665], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Varella & Britzke 2016:93 [ref. 34364], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Staeck 2017:59 [ref. 35639], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[26] [ref. 35679], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:49 [ref. 37939], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:146 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma commbrae (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay, Paraná and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

communis, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:155, Fig. 23 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] Young's Bay, Malawi, Lake Malawi, depth 145-147 meters. Holotype: SADC/GEF 97/20/56/50 [MRAC 99-41-P-3886]. Paratypes: SADC/GEF 97/20/56/51-53 [MRAC 99-41-P-3887-89] (3). Plus 2 undesignated paratypes. •Valid as Placidochromis communis Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:407 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis communis Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

commutabilis, Haplochromis Schraml [E.] 2004:36, Figs. [DCG-Informationen (Deutsche Cichliden-Gesellschaft) Sonderheft No. 3; ref. 27925] Lake Kachira at Lulagala, 0°36.360'S, 31°05.545'E, Uganda. Holotype: ZSM 29760. Paratypes: ZSM 29761 (10). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:250 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Haplochromis commutabilis Schraml 2004 -- (Schraml & Tichy 2010:82 [ref. 30895]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis commutabilis Schraml 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Kachira, Uganda. Habitat: freshwater.

compressiceps, Crenicichla Ploeg [A.] 1986:63, Pl. 4 (upper) [Beaufortia v. 36 (no. 5); ref. 8054] Rapids downstream of Jatobal, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 855. Paratypes: INPA 862 (3), 872 (5), 877-78 (1, 21), 977 (6); MZUSP 32.772 (18); ZMA 119469 (4), 119762-63 (5, 14). •Valid as Crenicichla compressiceps Ploeg 1986 -- (Ploeg 1991:85 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:627 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:133 [ref. 27488], Ito & Rapp Py-Daniel 2015:477 [ref. 33978], Staeck 2017:233 [ref. 35639]). •Valid as Wallaciia compressiceps (Ploeg 1986) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Wallaciia compressiceps (Ploeg 1986). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: lower Tocantins River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

compressiceps, Lamprologus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:494 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898 (pt 3); ref. 20658] Kinyamkolo, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.9.9.4-5 (2). Appeared first as above, then in more detail in Boulenger 1898:7, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [ref. 547]. •Valid as Altolamprologus compressiceps (Boulenger 1898) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:4 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:233 [ref. 24781], Gashagaza et al. 1995:300 [ref. 22179], Konings 2015:138 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:144 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Altolamprologus compressiceps (Boulenger 1898). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

compressiceps, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1908:240 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 575] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.10.27.59. •Valid as Dimidiochromis compressiceps (Boulenger 1908) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:95 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:76 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:276 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:309 [ref. 34521], Çiçek et al. 2023:466 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2024:330 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Dimidiochromis compressiceps (Boulenger 1908). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lakes Malawi and Malombe and upper Shiré River. Introduced in Israel. Habitat: freshwater.

compressus, Acara Cope [E. D.] 1872:256 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 9180. Paralectotypes: ANSP 9136 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621], Kullander 1986:68, 353 [ref. 12439]. ANSP 9180 called holotype by Böhlke; interpreted (incorrectly) as lectotype designation by Kullander. Valid lectotype designation attributed to Kullander (p. 353). •Synonym of Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz 1831) -- (Kullander 1986:61 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:617 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz 1831). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

conchitae, Cichlasoma urophthalmus Hubbs [C. L.] 1936:274, Pl. 12 (fig. 3) [Carnegie Institution of Washington Publications No. 457 (art. 17); ref. 2247] Conchita Cenote, Merida, Yucatán, Mexico. Holotype (unique): UMMZ 102109. •Valid as Cichlasoma conchitae Hubbs 1936 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061] as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'). •Valid as Mayaheros conchitae (Hubbs 1936) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:27 [ref. 34357]). •Synonym of Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862) -- (Barrientos-Villalobos et al. 2018:276 [ref. 35933]). Current status: Synonym of Mayaheros urophthalmus (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

concilians, Haplochromis Vranken [N.], van Steenberge [M.] & Snoeks [J.] 2020:1206, Figs. 2a, 4-6 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 96 (no. 5); ref. 37051] Kayanja offshore, Lake Edward, 0°05'34.8"S, 29°45'28.8"E. Holotype: MRAC 2017.006.P.0063. Paratypes: IRSNB, MRAC. •Valid as Haplochromis concilians Vranken, van Steenberge & Snoeks 2020. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis concilians Vranken, van Steenberge & Snoeks 2020. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Edward, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

congica, Tilapia tholloni Poll [M.] & Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1960:330, Pls. 2-3 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 42 (nos 3-4); ref. 11940] Region of Mushie, Kasai River, Equatorial Congo. Holotype: MRAC 67159. Paratypes: MRAC 69394 (1), 100802-03 (1, 1), 10804-11 (9), 66878-79 (2), 67056-57 (2), 67158-60 (3), 67161-62 (1, 1), 68849 (1), 68850-52 (3), 14927 (1), 46175 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:70 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Tilapia congica Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde 1960 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:487 [ref. 20943], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:276 [ref. 31064]). •Valid as Coptodon congicus (Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde 1960) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672] as congica, Munene et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39283] as congica, Stiassny et al. 2021:1688 [ref. 39000] as congica). Current status: Valid as Coptodon congicus (Poll & Thys van den Audenaerde 1960). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River system (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

congicus, Pelmatochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1897:422 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 50); ref. 14629] Stanley [Boyoma] Falls, upper Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1897.9.30.12. •Valid as Pterochromis congicus (Boulenger 1897) -- (Daget 1991:416 [ref. 20947], Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Poll & Gosse 1995:267 [ref. 24781], Stiassny et al. 2021:1688 [ref. 39000]). Current status: Valid as Pterochromis congicus (Boulenger 1897). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

congoensis, Lamprologus Schilthuis [L.] 1891:85, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, Ser. 2 v. 3; ref. 3925] Kinshasa, Stanley Pool, upper Congo River near Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo, 4°15'02"S, 15°25'00"E. Lectotype: BMNH 1891.12.29.10. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1891.12.29.11 (1), 1899.9.6.1 [ex Utrecht Univ.] (1, lost) Kinshasa. Lectotype selected by Schelly & Stiassny 2004:5 [ref. 27831] •Valid as Lamprologus congoensis Schilthuis 1891 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:219 [ref. 20946], Schelly & Stiassny 2004:5 [ref. 27831]). Current status: Valid as Lamprologus congoensis Schilthuis 1891. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

conibos, Cycla Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:18, Pl. 10 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Río Ucayali, Peru. •Nomen dubium, genus Crenicichla -- (Kullander 1986:45 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:632 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40273]). Nomen Dubium. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

conjunctus, Benitochromis Lamboj [A.] 2001:20, Figs. 5-7 [Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ichthyologie v. 2; ref. 25648] Muyuka, Cameroon. Holotype: MRAC 99-31-P-18. Paratypes: MRAC 92-144-P02650277 (13), 99-31-P-19-24 (6); NMW 94517-19 (1, 2, 2). •Valid as Benitochromis conjunctus Lamboj 2001 -- (Stiassny et al. 2007:329 [ref. 30045]). Current status: Valid as Benitochromis conjunctus Lamboj 2001. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

conophoros, Copadichromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], LoVullo [T. J.] & McKaye [K. R.] 1993:1019, Fig. 2 [Copeia 1993 (no. 4); ref. 22078] Cape Maclear, 14°05'S, 34°54'E, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 2-3 meters. Holotype: PSU 2622.1. Paratypes: PSU 2622.2 (8); USNM 324568 (8); MFRU 7 (3). •Valid as Copadichromis conophoros Stauffer, LoVullo & McKaye 1993 -- (Stauffer & Sato 2002:91 [ref. 26070]). •Valid as Mchenga conophoros (Stauffer, LoVullo & McKaye 1993) -- (Stauffer & Konings 2006:39 [ref. 28633], Konings 2016:321 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Mchenga conophoros (Stauffer, LoVullo & McKaye 1993). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

consortus, Nanochromis Roberts [T. R.] & Stewart [D. J.] 1976:287, Pl. 10 (figs. a-b) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 147 (no. 6); ref. 7388] Lower Congo River, near Inga, Democratic Republic of Congo, 5°31.5'S, 13°37.5'E. Holotype: MCZ 50551. Paratypes: MCZ 50552 (5). •Valid as Nanochromis consortus Roberts & Stewart 1976 -- (Daget 1991:270 [ref. 20947], Lamboj 2005:9 [ref. 28062], Schliewen & Stiassny 2006:43 [ref. 28629], Lamboj & Schelly 2006:248 [ref. 28845], Stiassny & Schliewen 2007:2 [ref. 29178], Lamboj 2009:47 [ref. 30314]). Current status: Valid as Nanochromis consortus Roberts & Stewart 1976. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Rapids of Inga, Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

constellatus, Gymnogeophagus Malabarba [L. R.], Malabarba [M. C.] & Reis [R. E.] 2015:648, Figs. 6c, 9 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 34105] Rio Conceição, tributary to Rio Ijuí, middle río Uruguay basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 28°27'48"S, 53°57'17"W. Holotype: MCP 10499. Paratypes: MCP, UFRGS, ZVCP. •Valid as Gymnogeophagus constellatus Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis 2015 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34561], Casciotta et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35497], Říčan et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35634], Alonso et al. 2019:S1 [ref. 36529], Koerber et al. 2019:11 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Gymnogeophagus constellatus Malabarba, Malabarba & Reis 2015. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Ijuí and tributaries, middle río Uruguay basin, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and Chimiray-Miní and Itacaruaré rivers (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

coppenamensis, Crenicichla Ploeg [A.] 1987:77, Pl. 1 (second & middle) [Beaufortia v. 37 (no. 5); ref. 9113] Left bank tributary to Linker Coppename River, Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 107841. Paratypes: IRSNB 764 (3); ZMA 105616 (36), 105630 (15), 106512-15 (42, 12, 11, 10), 109848 (1). Type catalog: Kullander & Nijssen 1989:218 [ref. 14136]. •Valid as Crenicichla coppenamensis Ploeg 1987 -- (Kullander & Nijssen 1989:218 [ref. 14136], Ploeg 1991:29 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:627 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2018:383 [ref. 35777]). •Valid as Saxatilia coppenamensis (Ploeg 1987) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Saxatilia coppenamensis (Ploeg 1987). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Coppename and Saramacca River basins, Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

coprologus, Haplochromis Niemantsverdriet [P.] & Witte [F.] in de Zeeuw et al. 2010:214, Figs. 8-10 [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 84 (no. 9); ref. 31028] Mwanza Gulf, Tanzania, Lake Victoria. Holotype: RMNH 73270. Paratypes: AMNH, BMNH 2010.3.23.2 (1), NSMT-P, RMNH. •Valid as Haplochromis coprologus Niemantsverdriet & Witte 2010. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis coprologus Niemantsverdriet & Witte 2010. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Mwanza Gulf, Tanzania, Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

corbali, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1913:483 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 14949] Corbal River at Chitole, Guinea-Bissau. Syntypes: BMNH 1910.11.28.11-12 (2). •Valid as Pelmatochromis corbali (Boulenger 1913) -- (Daget 1991:361 [ref. 20947]). •Synonym of Pelmatochromis buettikoferi (Steindachner 1894) -- (Lévêque et al. 1989:122 [ref. 26480], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:738 [ref. 21590]). Current status: Synonym of Pelmatochromis buettikoferi (Steindachner 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cordemadi, Bujurquina Kullander [S. O.] 1986:261, Figs. 113-115, Pl. 28 (fig. 1) [Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru; ref. 12439] Near Lago Túpac Amaru, Río Madre de Dios drainage, Depto. Madre de Dios, Peru. Holotype: NRM 17581 [SOK/1981324.3800]. Paratypes: NRM 17587 (1), USNM 264061 (1). •Valid as Bujurquina cordemadi Kullander 1986 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:618 [ref. 27061], Arbour et al. 2014:85 [ref. 33331], Sarmiento et al. 2014:124, 188 [ref. 35004], Říčan & Říčanová 2023:194 [ref. 40236], Careaga et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40293] as cf.). Current status: Valid as Bujurquina cordemadi Kullander 1986. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River drainage, western Amazon River basin, Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

coruchi, Etroplus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1830:491, Pl. 136 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 999] Malabar, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-8482 (5), 0000-8483 (2); SMF 1595 (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:209 [ref. 20868]. As Glyphisodon coruchi on the left and as Glyphisodon koruchi on the right of Plate 136. •Synonym of Etroplus maculatus (Bloch 1795) -- (Menon 1999:291 [ref. 24904]). •Synonym of Pseudetroplus maculatus (Bloch 1795). Current status: Synonym of Pseudetroplus maculatus (Bloch 1795). Cichlidae: Etroplinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

corumbae, Heterogramma Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ward [D. P.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:146, Pl. 45 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Corumbá, Rio Paraguay, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 33719 [ex IU 10166]. Paratypes: AMNH 1105 [ex IU 10167] (2); CAS 33720 [ex IU 10167] (orig. 9, now 5); FMNH 52614 [ex IU 10167] (1); ZMB 17093 (11), ?17095 (3), ?17016 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:46 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Apistogramma commbrae (Regan 1906) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:29, 30 [ref. 27488], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:78 [ref. 35267], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:49 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Synonym of Apistogramma commbrae (Regan 1906). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

coryphaenoides, Heros Heckel [J. J.] 1840:373, Pl. 29 (figs. 9-12) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Negro, Maribitanos, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 17376. •Valid as Hypselecara coryphaenoides (Heckel 1840) -- (Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:118 [ref. 27968] in Hypselacara, Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:637 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hypselecara coryphaenoides (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin and Orinoco River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

coryphaeus, Heros Heckel [J. J.] 1840:364 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 17358. •Synonym of Heros spurius Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:637 [ref. 27061], Staeck & Schindler 2015:133 [ref. 33952]). Current status: Synonym of Heros spurius Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

coulteri, Haplochromis Bell-Cross [G.] 1975:426, Pl. 4 [Occasional Papers of the National Museums and Monuments of Rhodesia Series B Natural Sciences v. 5 (pt 7); ref. 6825] Cunhangamua River, tributary of the Gunene River, Huambo District, Angola. Holotype: BMNH 1975.6.3.1. Paratypes: CFRI Mus. (16); HMSA 1-2 (2 skeletons). •Valid as Serranochromis coulteri (Bell-Cross 1975) -- (Skelton & Teugels 1991:445 [ref. 20962]). •Valid as Sargochromis coulteri (Bell-Cross 1975) -- (Skelton 1993:310 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:310 [ref. 27406], Kramer et al. 2016:unnumbered p. [ref. 34331], Skelton 2019:236 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Sargochromis coulteri (Bell-Cross 1975). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola and Namibia. Habitat: freshwater.

crabro, Melanochromis Ribbink [A. J.] & Lewis [D. S. C.] 1982:72, Fig. 1 [Netherlands Journal of Zoology v. 32 (no. 1); ref. 8425] Maleri Island, 13°53'S, 34°37'E, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 15-18 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1981.11.30.23. Paratypes: BMNH 1981.11.30.24-33 (10). •Valid as Pseudotropheus crabro (Ribbink & Lewis 1982) -- (Maréchal 1991:402 [ref. 20944], Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30309], Konings & Stauffer 2012:20 [ref. 31871], Konings 2016:148 [ref. 34521], Stauffer et al. 2016:172 [ref. 34671]). Current status: Valid as Pseudotropheus crabro (Ribbink & Lewis 1982). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

crassa, Acara (Heros) Steindachner [F.] 1875:88 [28], Pl. 5 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 71 (1. Abth.); ref. 4220] Amazon at Tefé, Tocantins, Cudajas, Coary, Villa Bella, Obidos, Hyanuary Lake, Saraca Lake, Rio Hyuatay, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 17373-74 (2) Codajás, 33617 (1) Silves, 33618 (1) Villa Bella. Type catalog: Kullander 1986:242 [ref. 12439]. On p. 28 of separate. •Synonym of Hypselecara temporalis (Günther 1862) -- (Kullander 1986:233 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:637 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hypselecara temporalis (Günther 1862). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

crassa, Tilapia Pellegrin [J.] 1903:120 [1] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 15037] Ndele, Alima River, Central African Republic. Holotype: MNHN 1886-0448. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:223 [ref. 20868]. On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Congolapia crassa (Pellegrin 1903) -- (Dunz et al. 2012:155, 167 [ref. 32297]). Current status: Valid as Congolapia crassa (Pellegrin 1903). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central African Republic. Habitat: freshwater.

crassilabris, Geophagus (Satanoperca) Steindachner [F.] 1876:65 [17], Pl. 7 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Isthmus of Panama near Candelaria. Holotype (unique): NMW 58794. On p. 17 of separate. •Valid as Geophagus crassilabris Steindachner 1876 -- (Gosse 1976:66 [ref. 7029], Conkel 1993:182 [ref. 22949], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:633 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus crassilabris Steindachner 1876. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Pacific and Atlantic slopes of Panama and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

crassilabris, Haplochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:445 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 49); ref. 574] Entebbe, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.5.30.419-421 (3), .422-426 (5), .427 (1), .428 (1). •Valid as Haplochromis crassilabris Boulenger 1906 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:117 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis crassilabris Boulenger 1906. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

crassipinnis, Acara Heckel [J. J.] 1840:357, Pl. 29 (figs. 5-8) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Río Paraguay, Cáceres (formerly Villa María) and Caiçara, Río Guaporé near Mato Grosso, Rio Negro, Rio Branco, South America. Syntypes: (at least 5) NMW 58776 (1); NMW 24261 (1), 92455 (1, dry); SMF 2926 [ex NMW in 1844] (1). Type catalog: Kullander 1986: [ref. 12439]. •Valid as Astronotus crassipinnis (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander 1986:70 [ref. 12439], Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Lasso et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25928], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:617 [ref. 27061], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:617 [ref. 27061], Koerber 2011:8 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:123, 188 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Koerber 2016:142 [ref. 35012], Koerber et al. 2017:76 [ref. 35267], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:50 [ref. 37939], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Lozano et al. 2022:123 [ref. 39396]). Current status: Valid as Astronotus crassipinnis (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

crassus, Lamprologus Brichard [P.] 1989:535 [Pierre Brichard's book of cichlids and all the other fishes of Lake Tanganyika; ref. 20697] Bay of Luhanga, Democratic Republic of Congo, western coast of Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 84-23-P-65. Paratypes: MRAC 84-23-P-66 to 67 (2), 84-23-P-68 to 69 (2). •Valid as Neolamprologus crassus (Brichard 1989) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:278 [ref. 20946], Büscher 1997:704 [ref. 23478], Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431], Verburg & Bills 2007:39 [ref. 29303]). •Synonym of Neolamprologus pulcher (Trewavas & Poll 1952) -- (Konings 2015:122 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:129 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Synonym of Neolamprologus pulcher (Trewavas & Poll 1952). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

crebridens, Haplochromis Snoeks [J.], de Vos [L. D. G.], Coenen [E. J.] & Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1990:69, Fig. 2 [Cybium v. 14 (no. 1); ref. 15676] Gisenyi, Kivu Lake, Rwanda, eastern central Africa. Holotype: MRAC 87-11-P-2968. Paratypes: MRAC 86-12-P-287 (1), 87-11-P-2773 (1), 2776 (1), 2785 (1), 2810-11 (2), 2813 (1), 87-11-P-2803-2804 (2), 87-11-P-2962-1963 (2), 2965 (1), 2967 (1), 2969-74 (6), 88-16-P-216-218 (3), 88-16-P-219 (1), 88-16-P-220 (1), 88-16-P-221 (1). •Valid as Haplochromis crebridens Snoeks, de Vos, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde 1990 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:118 [ref. 20956], Snoeks 1994:143 [ref. 21588]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis crebridens Snoeks, de Vos, Coenen & Thys van den Audenaerde 1990. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Kivu. Habitat: freshwater.

cristatus, Hemichromis Loiselle [P. V.] 1979:54, Figs. 13-14 [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 228; ref. 8810] Ogha River, Nigeria. Holotype: BMNH 1969.3.26.76. Paratypes: CAS 63145 (1); MNHN 1908-0124 to -0126 (3), 1935-0237 (1). •Synonym of Hemichromis bimaculatus Gill 1862 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:740 [ref. 21590]). •Valid as Hemichromis cristatus Loiselle 1979 -- (Daget & Teugels 1991:189 [ref. 20957], Schelly & Stiassny in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2709 [ref. 34618]). •Valid as Rubricatochromis cristatus (Loiselle 1979) -- (Lamboj & Koblmüller 2022:[11] [ref. 39796]). Current status: Valid as Rubricatochromis cristatus (Loiselle 1979). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Guinea to Sierra Leone. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

crocatus, Geophagus Hauser [F. E.] & López-Fernández [H.] 2013:280, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 3731 (no. 2); ref. 32965] East Berbice: Berbice River, about 14 air km upstream of Kwakwani at Mappa Lagoon camp (5.17456°N 58.16336°W), Guyana. Holotype: UG/CSBD 1656 [ex ROM 87106]. Paratypes: ROM. •Valid as Geophagus crocatus Haseur & López-Fernández 2013. Current status: Valid as Geophagus crocatus Hauser & López-Fernández 2013. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Berbice River, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

crocopeplus, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] & Barel [C. D. N.] 1978:142, Figs. 2-7 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 33 (no. 2); ref. 8928] Speke Gulf, between Nafuba and Tefu Islands, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Tanzania, depth 28 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1977.1.10.70. Paratypes: BMNH 1977.1.10.71-87 (17), 1977.1.18.38 (1), 1977.1.28[or 18].39 (1). •Valid as Haplochromis crocopeplus Greenwood & Barel 1978 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:118 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis crocopeplus Greenwood & Barel 1978. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

cronus, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1959:180, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 5 (no. 7); ref. 20616] Buka Bay, Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1958.1.16.85. Paratypes: BMNH 1928.5.24.408 (1), 1958.1.16.86-89 (4), 1958.1.16.90-91 (1, 1). •Valid as Haplochromis cronus Greenwood 1959 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:118 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis cronus Greenwood 1959. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

cruzi, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1986:159, Figs. 49-50, Pl. 16 [Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru; ref. 12439] Río Mazán tributary, above Puerto Alegre, Loreto, Peru. Holotype: NRM 16664. Paratypes: GNHM 2820-23 (3, 22, 4, 1); MNHC 2233.93 (2), NRM 16663 (2). •Valid as Apistogramma cruzi Kullander 1986 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:612 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:30 [ref. 27488], Römer et al. 2011:20 [ref. 31288], Römer et al. 2013:25 [ref. 32665], Römer & Hahn 2013:173 [ref. 32902], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Britzke et al. 2014:418 [ref. 33522], Staeck 2017:61 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma cruzi Kullander 1986. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

cryptodon, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] 1959:198 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 5 (no. 7); ref. 20616] Beach near Nasu Point, Buvuma Channel, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1958.1.16.31. Paratypes: BMNH 1958.1.16.32-33 (2), 1958.1.16.34 (1), 1958.1.16.35-36 (2), 1958.1.16.37-62 (26 or 25). •Valid as Haplochromis cryptodon Greenwood 1959 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:118 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis cryptodon Greenwood 1959. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

cryptogramma, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] & Gee [J. M.] 1969:48, Figs. 30-31 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 7814] Bulago-Tavu bank, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda, depth 50-75 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1968.8.30.197. Paratypes: BMNH 1968.8.30.198-214 (17), 1968.8.30.215-219 (5). •Valid as Haplochromis cryptogramma Greenwood & Gee 1969 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:119 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis cryptogramma Greenwood & Gee 1969. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

cuanza, Serranochromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], Bills [R.] & Skelton [P. H.] 2021:74, Fig. 5 [Zootaxa 4908 (no. 1); ref. 38061] Posto 5 on the Cuanza River, Angola, 09°48'23"S, 15°24'30"E. Holotype: SAIAB 84888. Paratypes: SAIAB 84791 (7). •Valid as Serranochromis cuanza Stauffer, Bills & Skelton 2021. Current status: Valid as Serranochromis cuanza Stauffer, Bills & Skelton 2021. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Cuanza River basin, Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

cubensis, Acara Heckel [J. J.] in Steindachner 1864:60 [4] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 13936] On p. 4 of separate. Not available; Heckel manuscript name mentioned in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Cichlasoma tetracanthus (Valenciennes 1831) -- (Conkel 1993:131 [ref. 22949]). •In the synonymy of Nandopsis tetracanthus (Valenciennes 1831) based on generic placement of tetracanthus. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Nandopsis tetracanthus (Valenciennes 1831). Cichlidae: Cichlinae.

cunningtoni, Lamprologus Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:557, Pl. 36 (fig. 2) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 6, no. 1); ref. 573] Moliro and Mbete, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: (4) BMNH 1906.9.8.98-99 (2) Moliro, BMNH 1906.9.8.100-101 (2) Mbete. •Valid as Lepidiolamprologus cunningtoni (Boulenger 1906) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:227 [ref. 20946], Schelly et al. 2007:39, 47 [ref. 29296] as questionably in Lepidiolamprologus). •Valid as Neolamprologus cunningtoni (Boulenger 1906) -- (Konings 2015:324 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:344 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus cunningtoni (Boulenger 1906). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

cupido, Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:399 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Negro and Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 23094 [or 23394] (1) Rio Guaporé., 23122 (1), 23414 (1). •Valid as Biotodoma cupido (Heckel 1840) -- (Gosse 1976:98 [ref. 7029], Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Kullander 1986:129 [ref. 12439], Lasso et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25928], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:618 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:188 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Biotodoma cupido (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and Essequibo River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

curupira, Satanoperca Ota [R. R.], Kullander [S. O.], Deprá [G. C.], da Graça [W. J.] & Pavanelli [C. S.] 2018:104, Figs. 1-3a, 4 [Zootaxa 4379 (no. 1); ref. 35801] Lago Fortaleza, tributary of the rio Canaã, rio Jamari basin, Ariquemes, Rondônia, Brazil, 09°57'S, 63°03'W. Holotype: INPA 7621. Paratypes: CPUFMT, INPA, MCP, MZUSP, NUP, UFRO. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:33 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Satanoperca curupira Ota, Kullander, Deprá, da Graça & Pavanelli 2018. Current status: Valid as Satanoperca curupira Ota, Kullander, Deprá, da Graça & Pavanelli 2018. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Madeira basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

curviceps, Acara Ahl [E.] 1923:44, Fig. 5 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19933] Amazon River, Brazil. Holotype: ZMB 31324. Paratypes: (7) ZMB 32398-400 (3, 2, 1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. Type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:260 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Laetacara curviceps (Ahl 1923) -- (Keith et al. 2000:224 [ref. 24547] as cf. curviceps, Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:638 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:158 [ref. 27488] dating to 1924, Staeck & Schindler 2007:64 [ref. 29233], Ottoni & Costa 2009:42 [ref. 30198], Ottoni et al. 2009:124 [ref. 30600], Ottoni et al. 2012:187 [ref. 32046], Staeck 2017:258 [ref. 35639], Ottoni 2018:51 [ref. 35872]). Current status: Valid as Laetacara curviceps (Ahl 1923). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

curvidens, Haplochromis Vranken [N.], van Steenberge [M.], Heylen [A.], Decru [E.] & Snoeks [J.] 2022:53, Figs. 29-31 [European Journal of Taxonomy v. 815 (no. 1); ref. 39202] Lake Edward (bought at Rwenshama landing site), Uganda, 0°24'16.0"S, 29°46'24.8"E. Holotype: MRAC 2016.035.P.0219. Paratypes: MRAC. •Valid as Haplochromis curvidens Vranken, van Steenberge, Heylen, Decru & Snoeks 2022. Current status: Valid as Haplochromis curvidens Vranken, van Steenberge, Heylen, Decru & Snoeks 2022. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Edward. Habitat: freshwater.

curvidens, Ptychochromis Stiassny [M. L. J.] & Sparks [J. S.] 2006:28, Figs. 17-18; Pls. 1B and 2D [American Museum Novitates No. 3535; ref. 28788] Andranfanjava, Andranofanjava-Sandriapiana River system, Antisiranana (Diego Suarez) Province, Madagascar. Holotype: MHNG 2623.82. Paratypes: AMNH 237133 (2, 1 c&s); MHNG 2623.84 (1), 2676.096 (2) Type catalog: Fricke et al. 2018:256 [ref. 35805]. •Valid as Ptychochromis curvidens Stiassny & Sparks 2006 -- (Sparks & Stiassny 2010:46 [ref. 30695], Martinez et al. 2015:89 [ref. 34035], Fricke et al. 2018:256 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Ptychochromis curvidens Stiassny & Sparks 2006. Cichlidae: Ptychochrominae. Distribution: Northern Madagascar. Habitat: freshwater.

curvifrons, Simochromis Poll [M.] 1942:344 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 36 (no. 4); ref. 3516] Lake Tanganyika, near Nyanza, Burundi. Holotype: MRAC 53101. Paratypes: MRAC 53102-03 (2). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:65 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Pseudosimochromis curvifrons (Poll 1942) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:399 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:231 [ref. 24781], Konings 2015:41 [ref. 34660], Van Steenberge et al. 2015:34 [ref. 35550], Konings 2019:42 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Pseudosimochromis curvifrons (Poll 1942). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

curvirostris, Labeotropheus Ahl [E.] 1926:53 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1926; ref. 77] Near Langenburg, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): ZMB 22706. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl 1926 -- (Fryer 1956:281 [ref. 12193], Maréchal 1991:207 [ref. 20944], Pauers 2016:628 [ref. 34657], Konings 2024:7 [ref. 40862]). Current status: Synonym of Labeotropheus fuelleborni Ahl 1926. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cutteri, Cichlasoma Fowler [H. W.] 1932:380, Fig. [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 84; ref. 1411] Lancetilla, Honduras. Holotype: ANSP 53930. Paratypes: ANSP 53931-33 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Cichlasoma spilurum (Günther 1862) -- (Conkel 1993:104 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Cryptoheros spilurus (Günther 1862) -- (Allgayer 2001:14 [ref. 26904]). •Synonym of Archocentrus spilurus (Günther 1862) -- (Miller 2006:362 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Cryptoheros cutteri (Fowler 1932) -- (Schmitter-Soto 2007:39 [ref. 29310] in subgenus Cryptoheros, Schmitter-Soto 2007:43 [ref. 29317], Matamoros et al. 2009:21 [ref. 31241], McMahan et al. 2013:452 [ref. 32422], Říčan et al. 2016:33 [ref. 34357], González-Murcia et al. 2019:294 [ref. 36544], Angulo et al. 2023:52 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Cryptoheros cutteri (Fowler 1932). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Atlantic Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala. Habitat: freshwater.

cuyunii, Guianacara (Guianacara) López-Fernández [H.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Kullander [S. O.] 2006:390, Figs. 5-6 [Copeia 2006 (no. 3); ref. 28792] Creek af Venamo River, upstream from Apanao rapids, 6.6667°N, 61.1667°W, Bolívar, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 52841. Paratypes: Many lots at AMNH, MCNG, NRM. Second author also seen as D. C. Taphorn Baechle. •Valid as Guianacara cuyunii López-Fernández, Taphorn & Kullander 2006 -- (Arbour & López-Fernández 2011:94 [ref. 31237], Ottoni et al. 2018:65 [ref. 36423]). Current status: Valid as Guianacara cuyunii López-Fernández, Taphorn & Kullander 2006. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Upper Cuyuní River drainage, Essequibo River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

cyaneorhabdos, Melanochromis Bowers [N. J.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1997:53, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 22861] Lake Malawi, Likoma Island (Mbako Point), 12°02'S, 34°45'E, Malawi, depth 5 meters. Holotype: PSU 2650.1. Paratypes: ANSP 175083 (4); MFRU 32 (8); PSU 2650.2 (6); USNM 343715 (8). •Valid as Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos Bowers & Stauffer 1997. •Mention -- (Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30309], Miesen et al. 2016:91 [ref. 34492]). •Valid as Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos (Bowers & Stauffer 1997) -- (Konings & Stauffer 2012:20 [ref. 31871], Konings 2016:116 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos (Bowers & Stauffer 1997). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi, introduced Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

cyaneus, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:88, 107 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Monkey Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1935.6.14.1910. Paralectotypes: (60) BMNH 1935.6.14.1911-1919 (10), 1935.6.14.1920 (1), 1935.6.14.1886-1895 (11), 1935.6.14.1899-1909 (17), 1935.6.14.1921-1930 (9); MNHN 1937-0222 and 0223 [ex BMNH] (2); NMW 25584-85 (1, 1); plus other syntypes. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:210 [ref. 20868]. Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:306 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Copadichromis cyaneus (Trewavas 1935) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:306 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:53 [ref. 20944], Stauffer & Sato 2002:91 [ref. 26070], Stauffer & Konings 2006:12 [ref. 28633], Konings 2016:16 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Copadichromis cyaneus (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

cyaneus, Haplochromis Seehausen [O.], Bouton [N.] & Zwennes [H.] in Seehausen et al. 1998:212, Fig. 29; Pl. 6 e, h [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 23435] Speke Gulf, Makobe Island, Lake Victoria, Tanzania, depth 3 meters. Holotype: RMNH 33566. Paratypes: RMNH 33567-68 (2), 33569 (1), 33570-71 (2), 33572-81 (10), 33582 (1), 33583 (1), 33584-85 (2), 33586 (1); TAFIRI 104-108 (5), 109-110 (2), 115-117 (3). Appeared as `Haplochromis' cyaneus in original. Also appeared in Seehausen 1999:154, Fig. 29 [ref. 30987]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Haplochromis cyaneus Trewavas 1935. 1°Homonym. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cyaneus, Pseudotropheus Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1988:664, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1988 (no. 3); ref. 6678] Chinyamwezi Island, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: USNM 290925. Paratypes: BMNH 1987.11.18.13-17 (5); USNM 290926 (4). •Valid as Pseudotropheus cyaneus Stauffer 1988 -- (Maréchal 1991:403 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:98 [ref. 34521]). •Valid as Chindongo cyaneus (Stauffer 1988) -- (Li et al. 2016:373 [ref. 34737]). Current status: Valid as Chindongo cyaneus (Stauffer 1988). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanocephalus, Copadichromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] & Konings [A. F.] 2006:31, Figs. 9, 12b [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 28633] Lake Malawi, Charley's Bay, 13°22.262'S, 34°50.075'E, Mozambique. Holotype: PSU 3639. Paratypes: PSU 3640 (18), UMBC 006 (1). •Valid as Copadichromis cyanocephalus Stauffer & Konings 2006 -- (Konings 2016:240 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Copadichromis cyanocephalus Stauffer & Konings 2006. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanoguttatus, Herichthys Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1854:25 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 168] Rio Grande, at Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 9097 (1); MCZ 15415 [ex USNM 852]; UMMZ 92113 (1); USNM 851 (?), 852 (now 4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum (Baird & Girard 1854) -- (Lee et al. 1980:765 [ref. 22416], Taylor & Miller 1983:21 [ref. 8271], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:211 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:330 [ref. 18983], Conkel 1993:107 [ref. 22949], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:66 [ref. 22290], Fuller et al. 1999:421 [ref. 25838], Fuentes & Cashner 2002:456 [ref. 26358], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807], Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800]). •Valid as Herichthys cyanoguttatus Baird & Girard 1854 -- (Burgess 2000:46 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:635 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:363, 370 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:264 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:608 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], Paepke et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33351], McMahan et al. 2015:219 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:40 [ref. 34357], Pérez-Miranda et al. 2017:AppendixS2 [ref. 35682], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:377 [ref. 35886] with parentheses, Pérez-Miranda et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37473], Chan et al. 2023:145 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Herichthys cyanoguttatus Baird & Girard 1854. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: North America: Texas (U.S.A.) and northern Mexico. Introduced elsewhere; established in Florida and Puerto Rico (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

cyanonotus, Crenicichla Cope [E. D.] 1870:569 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11; ref. 914] Upper Marañon River near Pebas, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 9078. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Batrachops cyanonotus (Cope 1870) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708] as cyanotus). •Valid as Crenicichla cyanonotus Cope 1870 -- (Kullander 1986:89 [ref. 12439], Ploeg 1991:92 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:627 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298], Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Crenicichla cyanonotus Cope 1870. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Bolivia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

cyanophleps, Chalinochromis Kullander [S. O.], Karlsson [M.], Karlsson [M.] & Norén [M.] 2014:416, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 3790 (no. 3); ref. 33281] Tanzania, Rukwa Region, Nkansi District, Lake Tanganyika, western shore of Namansi village, 7°37'15"S, 30°39'24"E, depth 5-10 meters. Holotype: NRM 11993. Paratypes: NRM 59606 (1), 59607 (7). •Valid as Chalinochromis cyanophleps Kullander, Karlsson, Karlsson & Norén 2014 -- (Konings 2015:164 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:172 [ref. 36983]). •Valid as Julidochromis cyanophleps (Kullander, Karlsson, Karlsson & Norén 2014) -- (Konings 2023:13 [ref. 40878]). Current status: Valid as Julidochromis cyanophleps (Kullander, Karlsson, Karlsson & Norén 2014). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanopterus, Centrarchus Jardine [W.] & Schomburgk [R. H.] in Schomburgk 1843:165, Pl. 16 [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Essequibo River, Guyana. Originally Centrarchus ? cyanopterus. •Synonym of Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander 1986:73 [ref. 12439], Kullander & Nijssen 1989:25 [ref. 14136], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:620 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanopterus, Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:790 [6] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3724] Itaqui, Rio Uruguay, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 2549. Type catalog: Britski 1969:211 [ref. 12401]. On p. 6 of separate. •Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891) -- (Gosse 1976:127 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:268 [ref. 6638], Wimburger et al. 1998:510 [ref. 23857], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanostictus, Eretmodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:496 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898 (pt 3); ref. 20658] Mbity Rocks and Kinyamkolo, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: (8) BMNH 1898.9.9.43-45 (3) Kinyamkolo, 1898.9.9.47-48 (2) Mobity Rocks; MCZ 32327 [ex BMNH] (1), MNHN 1898-0704 [ex BMNH] (1). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:209 [ref. 20868]. Appeared first as above, then in more detail in Boulenger 1898:16, Pl. 3 (fig. 5) [ref. 547]. •Valid as Eretmodus cyanostictus Boulenger 1898 -- (Maréchal 1991:87 [ref. 20944], Tawil 2005:57 [ref. 28483], Konings 2015:30 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:30 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Eretmodus cyanostictus Boulenger 1898. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern part of Lake Tanganyika, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanostigma, Parapetenia Hernandez-Rolon [A.] 1990 [Revue française des Cichlidophiles v. 11 (no. 101); ref. 20688] Playa Bruja, Tequeswuitengo, Bruja, Mexico. Holotype: MNHN 1990-0465. Paratypes: MNHN 1990-0466 (3). •Synonym of Herichthys carpintis (Jordan & Snyder 1899) -- (Miller 2006:370 [ref. 28615]). •Synonym of Herichthys cyanoguttatus Baird & Girard 1854 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:635 [ref. 27061], Pérez-Miranda et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35682]). Current status: Synonym of Herichthys cyanoguttatus Baird & Girard 1854. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cychla, Centrarchus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1843:157, Pl. 11 [The natural history of fishes of Guiana.--Part II; ref. 3948] Rio Negro. No types known. •Synonym of Hoplarchus psittacus (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:637 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplarchus psittacus (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cyclicos, Copadichromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], LoVullo [T. J.] & McKaye [K. R.] 1993:1020, Fig. 6 [Copeia 1993 (no. 4); ref. 22078] Kanchedza Island, 13°58'S, 34°56'E, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 2-3 meters. Holotype: PSU 2624.1. Paratypes: PSU 2624.2 (4), USNM 324569 (4), MFRU 5 (3). •Valid as Copadichromis cyclicos Stauffer, LoVullo & McKaye 1993 -- (Stauffer & Sato 2002:91 [ref. 26070]). •Valid as Mchenga cyclicos (Stauffer, LoVullo & McKaye 1993) -- (Stauffer & Konings 2006:38 [ref. 28633], Konings 2016:321 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Mchenga cyclicos (Stauffer, LoVullo & McKaye 1993). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

cyclostoma, Crenicichla Ploeg [A.] 1986:65, Pl. 4 (middle & lower) [Beaufortia v. 36 (no. 5); ref. 8054] Tucurui, below dam, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 854. Paratypes: INPA 860 (11), 866 (2), 871 (4), 880 (22), 976 (1); ZMA 119.764 (15), 119.766-67 (2, 9). •Valid as Crenicichla cyclostoma Ploeg 1986 -- (Ploeg 1991:101 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:627 [ref. 27061], Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Crenicichla cyclostoma Ploeg 1986. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: lower Tocantins River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cylindricus, Neolamprologus Staeck [W.] & Seegers [L.] 1986:448, Figs. [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 39 (no. 10); ref. 8035] South of the mouth of the Kalambo River, 8°38'S, 31°14'E, Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. Holotype: ZFMK 14595. Paratypes: ZFMK 14596 (1). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:130 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Neolamprologus cylindricus Staeck & Seegers 1986 -- (Büscher 1991:790 [ref. 21368], Maréchal & Poll 1991:278 [ref. 20946], Schelly et al. 2003:3 [ref. 27431], Konings 2015:133 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:139 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus cylindricus Staeck & Seegers 1986. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: southeastern Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

cyneusmarginatus, Metriaclima Stauffer [J. R., Jr.], Bowers [N. J.], Kellogg [K. A.] & McKaye [K. R.] 1997:200, Figs. 15-16 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 148; ref. 23216] Nkhota Khota, Lake Malawi, Malawi, Africa, depth 1-3 meters. Holotype: PSU 3056. Paratypes: ANSP 176198 (3); MFU 27 (3), PSU 3057 (11), USNM 341924 (3). The gender of Metriaclima is neuter, the gender of Maylandia is feminine. When in Metriaclima the correct spelling is cyneusmarginatum; it is cyneusmarginata when in Maylandia. •Valid as Metriaclima cyneusmarginatum Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997 -- (Konings & Stauffer 2006:234 [ref. 28844] as cyneusmarginatus, Ciccotto et al. 2011:24 [ref. 31119] as cyneusmarginatus, Stauffer et al. 2013:103 [ref. 32704] as cyneusmarginatus, Konings 2016:64 [ref. 34521], Li et al. 2016:379 [ref. 34737] as cyneusmarginatus). •Valid as Maylandia cyneusmarginata (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997) -- (Ufermann 2001:61 [ref. 30286] as cyneusmarginatus). Current status: Valid as Maylandia cyneusmarginata (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye 1997). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

cyrtonotus, Lethrinops Trewavas [E.] 1931:145 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 7 (no. 37); ref. 16339] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1930.1.31.100. •Valid as Taeniolethrinops cyrtonotus (Trewavas 1931) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:263 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:467 [ref. 20944], Ngatunga & Snoeks 2004:256 [ref. 28115], Konings 2016:388 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Taeniolethrinops cyrtonotus (Trewavas 1931). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

dacrya, Guianacara (Guianacara) Arbour [J. H.] & López-Fernández [H.] 2011:88, Figs. 2, 3a, 4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 31237] Water Dog Falls, Burro Burro River, Essequibo River drainage, 4°40'48"N, 58°50'46"W, Potara-Siparuni (Region 8), Guyana. Holotype: UG/CSBD 1666. Paratypes: many at ANSP,AUM, INPA, ROM. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Guianacara dacrya Arbour & López-Fernández 2011 -- (Ottoni et al. 2018:65 [ref. 36423]). Current status: Valid as Guianacara dacrya Arbour & López-Fernández 2011. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Guyana, and potentially in northern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

daemon, Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:389, Pl. 29 (figs. 26-29) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Negro at Maribitanos, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 23123. •Valid as Geophagus daemon Heckel 1840 -- (Gosse 1976:44 [ref. 7029]). •Valid as Satanoperca daemon (Heckel 1840) -- (Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:134 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:642 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Satanoperca daemon (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Amazon River and Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

daffodil, Neolamprologus Prokofiev [A. M.] 2003:29, fig. [Estestvennye i Tekhnicheskie Nauki [Natural and Technical Sciences / Естественные и технические науки]. No. 5 (art. 8); ref. 34650] Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: ZIN 52708. Paratype: ZIN 52709 (1). •Synonym of Neolamprologus pulcher (Trewavas & Poll 1952) -- (Konings 2015:117 [ref. 34660]). Current status: Synonym of Neolamprologus pulcher (Trewavas & Poll 1952). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dageti, Tilapia (Coptodon) Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1971:160, Fig. 1 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 84 (nos 1-2); ref. 7652] Volta River below Akosombo, Ghana. Holotype: MRAC 155731. Paratypes: MNHN 1961-0771 (12), 1965-702 (8); MRAC 155732-33 (2), 155641-43 (3), 155644 (1), 144591 (1), 171870 (1), 171871-75 (5). •Valid as Tilapia dageti Thys van den Audenaerde 1971 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:487 [ref. 20943], Lévèque et al. 1991:145 [ref. 31367], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:756 [ref. 21590], Dankwa et al. 1999:47 [ref. 28023], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:276 [ref. 31064], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon dageti (Thys van den Audenaerde 1971) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672], Kidé et al. 2016:1387 [ref. 37303]). Current status: Valid as Coptodon dageti (Thys van den Audenaerde 1971). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

dambabe, Paretroplus Sparks [J. S.] 2002:549, Figs. 2-3 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 115 (no. 3); ref. 26376] Lake Kinkony, 16°05'37.7"S, 45°51'37.4"E, Mahavavy (du sud) drainage basin, south of Mitsinjo, Majunga Province, Madagascar. Holotype: UMMZ 238724. Paratypes: AMNH 232398 (10); UMMZ 199406 [ex. MNHN 60579] (3), 235024 (29, 3 c&s). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Fricke et al. 2018:253 [ref. 35805]. •Valid as Paretroplus dambabe Sparks 2002 -- (Sparks 2008:90 [ref. 29766], Sparks & Schelly 2011:57 [ref. 31173], Fricke et al. 2018:252 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Paretroplus dambabe Sparks 2002. Cichlidae: Etroplinae. Distribution: Madagascar: Lake Kinkony endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

damii, Paretroplus Bleeker [P.] 1868:313 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Ser. 2) v. 2; ref. 424] Lake Pambilao, Nosy Be [Nossi-Bé], Madagascar. Syntypes: RMNH 3939 (1), RMNH 4478 (1). Type catalog: Fricke et al. 2018:253 [ref. 35805]. See Sparks 2008:57 [ref. 29766] for comments on the types and the type locality. •Valid as Paretroplus damii Bleeker 1868 -- (Maréchal & Gosse 1991:359 [ref. 20961], Allgayer 1996:14 [ref. 23770], Sparks & Reinthal 1999:15 [ref. 23768], Stiassny et al. 2001:32 [ref. 25402] as dami, Sparks 2002:547 [ref. 26376] as dami, Sparks 2008:54 [ref. 29766], Sparks & Schelly 2011:58 [ref. 31173], Fricke et al. 2018:253 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Paretroplus damii Bleeker 1868. Cichlidae: Etroplinae. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: freshwater.

danconai, Oreochromis Di Caporiacco [L.] 1948:197 [Bollettino di Pesca, Piscicoltura e Idrobiologia Yr. 23 [v. 2, N.S.]; ref. 721] Giuba [Juba], Ethiopia. Lectotype: MZUF 5636. Paralectotypes: MZUF 5599-5635 (7), 5637-5643 (37). Type catalog: Vanni 1991:225 [ref. 20099]. Originally as d'anconai. Lectotype selected by Vanni 1991:225 [ref. 20099]. •Synonym of Oreochromis spilurus (Günther 1894) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:341 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis spilurus (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dandara, Crenicichla Varella [H. R.] & Ito [P. M. M.] 2018:2, Figs. 1-4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 166 [for 2017] (no. 1); ref. 35884] Rio Xingu, Cachoeira do Jericoá, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 3°21'57"S, 51°44'8"W. Holotype: INPA 53073. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, LIA, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Lugubria dandara (Varella & Ito 2018) -- (Varella et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Valid as Lugubria dandara (Varella & Ito 2018). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

dardennii, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:93, Pl. 20 (fig. 1) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 15 (pt 4, no. 1); ref. 550] Moliro, emocratic Republic of Congo, southern Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.11.27.106 (1), MRAC 213 (1). Also appeared in Boulenger 1900:150, Pl. 55 (fig. 2) [ref. 555]. •Valid as Limnotilapia dardennii (Boulenger 1899) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:246 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:231 [ref. 24781], De Vos et al. 2001:130 [ref. 26059] as darnenii, Kullander & Roberts 2012:362 [ref. 31751], Konings 2015:227 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:241 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Limnotilapia dardennii (Boulenger 1899). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika and Lukuga River. Habitat: freshwater.

darlingi, Pelmatochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:377 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 40); ref. 14779] Makabusi River near Salisbury, Zambezi River system, Zimbabwe. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.12.11.5. •Valid as Pharyngochromis darlingi (Boulenger 1911) -- (Skelton 1991:376 [ref. 20950], Poll & Gosse 1995:263 [ref. 24781]). •Synonym of Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner 1866) in part-- (Greenwood 1992:39 [ref. 21075]). Current status: Synonym of Pharyngochromis acuticeps (Steindachner 1866). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

deckerti, Tilapia Thys van den Audenaerde [D. F. E.] 1967:350, Fig. 1 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 76 (nos 3-4); ref. 7998] Lake Ejagham, Cameroon. Holotype: ZMB 16758. Paratypes: MRAC 157495 (1); ZMB 16758 (1, with holotype). •Valid as Tilapia deckerti Thys van den Audenaerde 1967 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:488 [ref. 20943], Stiassny et al. 2007:369 [ref. 30045], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:263 [ref. 31064], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon decherti (Thys van den Audenaerde 1967) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Coptodon deckerti (Thys van den Audenaerde 1967). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Lake Ejagham, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

declivitas, Iodotropheus Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1994:335, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 21573] Boadzulu Island, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: PSU 2723. Paratypes: MFU 6 (5); PSU 2725 (15); USNM 331699 (9). •Valid as Iodotropheus declivitas Stauffer 1994. •Synonym of Iodotropheus sprengerae Oliver & Loiselle 1972 -- (Konings 2016:108 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Synonym of Iodotropheus sprengerae Oliver & Loiselle 1972. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

decorus, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1935:87, 104 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 16 (no. 91) (art. 6); ref. 4451] Vua, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1935.6.14.1651. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1935.6.14.1652-1654 (3), 1935.6.14.1655-1656 (2). Lectotype selected by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:167 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Otopharynx decorus (Trewavas 1935) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:166 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:348 [ref. 20944], Cleaver et al. 2009:166 [ref. 30418], Konings 2016:342 [ref. 34521], Oliver 2018:195 [ref. 36257]). •Probably better placed in the genus Mylochromis -- (Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:287 [ref. 28117]). Current status: Valid as Otopharynx decorus (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

decticostoma, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] & Gee [J. M.] 1969:55 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 7814] South of Nsadzi Island, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda, depth 180 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1968.8.30.292. Paratypes: BMNH 1968.8.30.293-296 (4), .297-301 (5), .302-305 (4), .306-309 (4); 1968.8.30.330-333 (4). •Valid as Haplochromis decticostoma Greenwood & Gee 1969 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:119 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis decticostoma Greenwood & Gee 1969. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

degeni, Platytaeniodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:451 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 49); ref. 574] Bunjako, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1906.5.30.511. •Valid as Platytaeniodus degeni Boulenger 1906 -- (van Oijen 1991:382 [ref. 20959], Poll & Gosse 1995:275 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Haplochromis degeni (Boulenger 1906) -- (van Oijen 1996:102 [ref. 22826]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis degeni (Boulenger 1906). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

dejunctus, Protomelas Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1993:344, Figs. 1, 3-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 21106] Chinyamwezi Island, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 1-3 meters. Holotype: PSU 2642. Paratypes: MFRU 7 (3), 8 (3); PSU 2639-41 (11, 4, 4); USNM 326969-70 (7, 3). •Synonym of Protomelas taeniolatus (Trewavas 1935) -- (Konings 2016:120 [ref. 34521] but a valid subspecies as described). Current status: Synonym of Protomelas taeniolatus (Trewavas 1935). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

demasoni, Pseudotropheus Konings [A. F.] 1994:24, Figs. [The Cichlids Yearbook v. 4; ref. 21305] Pombo Rocks, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], Tanzania. Holotype: MRAC 94-12-P-1. Paratypes: MRAC 94-12-P-2 (1), 94-12-P-3 (1), 94-12-P-4 (1), 94-12-P-5 (1). •Valid as Pseudotropheus demasoni Konings 1994 -- (Konings 2016:41 [ref. 34521], Stauffer et al. 2016:172 [ref. 34671]). •Valid as Chindongo demasoni (Konings 1994) -- (Li et al. 2016:373 [ref. 34737]). Current status: Valid as Chindongo demasoni (Konings 1994). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

demeusii, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:120, Pl. 45 (fig. 3) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 5); ref. 589] Bangala, Upper Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1899.6.28.25. Type locality "Bangalas" may probably be a labelling error (Thys van der Audenaerde 1964:157 [ref. 3698]). •Valid as Haplochromis demeusii (Boulenger 1899) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:120 [ref. 20956], Wamuini Lunkayilakio & Vreven 2010:280 [ref. 31038] in 'Haplochromis'). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis demeusii (Boulenger 1899). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

dentatus, Chromis Guichenot [A.] in Eigenmann 1910:477 [Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of tropical and south temperate America v. 3 (pt 4); ref. 1224] Not available, name and locality but no description; attributed to Guichenot MS; from Maracaibo, Venezuela and Cauca, Colombia. Nomen Nudum. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae.

dentatus, Diplotaxodon Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] & Konings [A. F.] 2021:277, Figs. 2-5 [Zootaxa 4903 (no. 2); ref. 38048] Off Thumbi East Island, Monkey Bay, southeastern arm of Lake Malawi, Africa, depth 73 meters. Holotype: SAIAB 209443. Paratypes: SAIAB 209441 (7). •Valid as Diplotaxodon dentatus Stauffer & Konings 2021. Current status: Valid as Diplotaxodon dentatus Stauffer & Konings 2021. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

dentex, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:182, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922 (pt 1) (no. 9); ref. 3675] Sesse Islands, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1909.5.4.1. •Valid as Haplochromis dentex Regan 1922 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:120 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis dentex Regan 1922. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

deppii, Heros Heckel [J. J.] 1840:382 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Mexico (Río Misantla, Veracruz). Holotype: NMW (lost). Possible type in ZMB 2837. Invalid neotype: UANL 20300. Type locality improved by Paepke et al. 2014:49 [ref. 33351]. Invalid neotype designation by De la Maza-Benignos et al. 2015:217 [ref. 33310]. •Valid as Cichlasoma deppii (Heckel 1840) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:151 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Herichthys deppii (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:636 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:371 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2009:7 [ref. 30400], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], Paepke et al. 2014:46 [ref. 33351], De la Maza-Benignos et al. 2015:217 [ref. 33310], McMahan et al. 2015:219 [ref. 33920], Říčan et al. 2016:40 [ref. 34357], Pérez-Miranda et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35682], Pérez-Miranda et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37473], Artigas Azas 2021:35 [ref. 38621]). Current status: Valid as Herichthys deppii (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Nautla and Misantla rivers (Veracruz, Mexico). IUCN (2019): LC. Habitat: freshwater.

depressum, Teleogramma Roberts [T. R.] & Stewart [D. J.] 1976:302, Pl. 13 (figs. f-g) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 147 (no. 6); ref. 7388] Lower Congo River, near Inga, Democratic Republic of Congo, 5°27.5'S, 13°36.0'E. Holotype: MCZ 50482. Paratypes: BMNH 1976.5.21.83-87 [ex MCZ 50483] (5); MCZ 50161 (18), 50396 (17), 50482 (1), 50483 (now 43), 50559 (19); MRAC 76-17-P-34-38 [ex MCZ 50483] (5), USNM 216379 [ex MCZ 50483] (5). The genus is feminine, not neuter; so the correct species epithet is depressa. •Valid as Teleogramma depressum Roberts & Stewart 1976 -- (Snoeks & De Boeck 1991:472 [ref. 20963], Poll & Gosse 1995:251 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Teleogramma depressa Roberts & Stewart 1976 -- (Stiassny & Alter 2015:7 [ref. 33773]). Current status: Valid as Teleogramma depressa Roberts & Stewart 1976. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

descampsii, Ectodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:497 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898 (pt 3); ref. 20658] Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: MRAC 187 (1). Appeared first as above, then in more detail as descampsi in Boulenger 1898:21, Fig. 1a [ref. 547]; also in Boulenger 1900:144, Pl. 54 (fig. 2) [ref. 555]. •Valid as Ectodus descampsii Boulenger 1898 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:84 [ref. 20946] as descampsi, Poll & Gosse 1995:237 [ref. 24781] as descampsi, Konings 2015:307 [ref. 34660] as descampsi, Konings 2019:324 [ref. 36983] as descampsi). Current status: Valid as Ectodus descampsii Boulenger 1898. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

deschauenseei, Paratilapia Fowler [H. W.] 1931:244, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 83; ref. 1409] Botletle River at Maun, Bechuanaland [Botswana]. Holotype: ANSP 53195. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Serranochromis carlottae (Boulenger 1905) -- (Skelton & Teugels 1991:444 [ref. 20962]). •Synonym of Sargochromis carlottae (Boulenger 1905). Current status: Synonym of Sargochromis carlottae (Boulenger 1905). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

deschauenseei, Tilapia Fowler [H. W.] 1931:240, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 83; ref. 1409] Botletle River at Maun, Bechuanaland [Botswana]. Holotype (unique): ANSP 53194. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:57 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Tilapia sparrmanii Smith 1840 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:501 [ref. 20943], Seegers 1996:327 [ref. 23725]). Current status: Synonym of Tilapia sparrmanii Smith 1840. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

desfontainesi, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:135, Pl. 11 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1899 (pt 1); ref. 14695] Unjustified emendation of Sparus desfontainii Lacepède 1802. •In the synonymy of Astatotilapia desfontainii (Lacepède 1802). Current status: Synonym of Astatotilapia desfontainii (Lacepède 1802). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

desfontainii, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:54, 160 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Tunisia. Holotype (unique): lost. Spelled desfontainii on p. 54, desfontaines on p. 160. Spelled Astatotilapis desfontainesi by Pellegrin 1904 and Tilapia desfontainesi Boulenger 1899 (both unjustified emendations). The first reviser to mention both spellings and attribute them to Lacepède 1802 in ref. 4929 apparently is Eschmeyer 1998:473, establishing the spelling desfontainii as the correct original spelling (T. Musschoot and N. Bailey, pers. comm. 4/26/2011). •Valid as Haplochromis desfontainii (Lacepède 1802) -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:120 [ref. 20956], Eschmeyer 1998:243 [23416], Schraml & Tichy 2010:91 [ref. 30895], Freyhof et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37614]). •Valid as Astatotilapia desfontainii (Lacepède 1802) -- (Lévêque 1990:43 [ref. 19786] as desfontainesi). Current status: Valid as Astatotilapia desfontainii (Lacepède 1802). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: North Africa: Algeria and Tunisia. Habitat: freshwater.

desguezii, Hemichromis Rochebrune [A. T. de] 1880:168 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 3790] Casamance River and Gambia River, western Africa. No types known. •Synonym of Hemichromis fasciatus Peters 1857 -- (Daget & Teugels 1991:191 [ref. 20957], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:739 [ref. 21590] with uncertainty, Bitja-Nyom et al. 2021:3793 [ref. 38608]). Current status: Synonym of Hemichromis fasciatus Peters 1857. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

devosi, Neolamprologus Schelly [R. C.], Stiassny [M. L. J.] & Seegers [L.] 2003:2, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa No. 373; ref. 27431] A few kilometers upstream from Ilgala, lower course of Malagarasi River, 5°11'59"S, 29°49'59"E, Tanzania. Holotype: AMNH 233614. Paratypes: AMNH 233615 (1); MRAC 93-152-P-1385-1394 (10), 96-031-P-0528-0537 (10, 2 c&s) Number of paratypes is correctly 21. •Valid as Neolamprologus devosi Schelly, Stiassny & Seegers 2003 -- (Schelly & Stiassny 2004:2 [ref. 27831]). Current status: Valid as Neolamprologus devosi Schelly, Stiassny & Seegers 2003. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lower Malagarasi River, Tanzania. Habitat: freshwater.

dewindti, Paratilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:88, Pl. 18 (fig. 2) [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 15 (pt 4, no. 1); ref. 550] Moliro, southern Lake Tanganyika, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.11.27.101 (1); MRAC 197-198 (1, 1). Also appeared in Boulenger 1900:141, Pl. 53 (fig. 2) [ref. 555]. •Valid as Aulonocranus dewindti (Boulenger 1899) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:18 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:241 [ref. 24781], Kullander & Roberts 2012:362 [ref. 31751], Konings 2015:282 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:298 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Aulonocranus dewindti (Boulenger 1899). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika and Rusisi and Lukuga Rivers. Habitat: freshwater.

dhanisi, Limnochromis Poll [M.] 1949:18, Figs. 10-12 [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 25 (no. 33); ref. 13026] South of M'Toto in front of Moba, 1 kilometer offshore, Lake Tanganyika, depth 20-50 meters. Holotype: MRAC 107290. Paratypes: (17) BMNH 1960.9.30.2001-2013 (orig. 13); IRSNB 280-282 (4, 1, 1); MRAC 107291-95 (5), 107303 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:54 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Tangachromis dhanisi (Poll 1949) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:469 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:243 [ref. 24781], Konings 2015:370 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:393 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Tangachromis dhanisi (Poll 1949). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

dhonti, Lamprologus Boulenger [G. A.] 1919:19, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1919 (pts 1-2) (art. 3); ref. 15205] Albertville [Kalemie], Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: (5) BMNH 1919.1.16.132 (1), 1919.2.25.39 (1); MRAC 7018 (1); SAM 15337 [now at AMG] (1). •Valid as Telmatochromis dhonti (Boulenger 1919) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:475 [ref. 20946], Hanssens & Snoeks 2001:639 [ref. 26024], Hanssens & Snoeks 2003:609 [ref. 27468], Takahashi 2004:430 [ref. 28105], Kullander & Roberts 2012:369 [ref. 31751], Konings 2015:217 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:230 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Telmatochromis dhonti (Boulenger 1919). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika and Niemba River. Habitat: freshwater.

diadema, Acara Heckel [J. J.] 1840:344 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Marabitanos, River Negro, Venezuela. Syntypes: NMW 33791 (1), 33797 (1). •Valid as Aequidens diadema (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander 1986:348 [ref. 12439], Ortega & Vari 1986:20 [ref. 9708], Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:34 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:608 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:117 [ref. 35745] as cf. diadema, Hernández-Acevedo et al. 2015:104 [ref. 34438], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:99 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:91 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:27 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Aequidens diadema (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, ?Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

diagramma, Chromis Günther [A.] 1894:632, Pl. 58 (fig. B) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1893 (pt 4) (art. 2) (for 7 Nov. 1893); ref. 14529] Ujiji, Lake Tanganyika. Lectotype: BMNH 1889.1.30.9. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1889.1.30.10-11 (2). Lectotype selected by Van Steenberge et al. 2015:33 [ref. 35550]. •Valid as Simochromis diagramma (Günther 1894) -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:455 [ref. 20946], De Vos et al. 2001:130 [ref. 26059] dated 1893, Kullander & Roberts 2012:362, 369 [ref. 31751], Konings 2015:229 [ref. 34660], Van Steenberge et al. 2015:30 [ref. 35550], Konings 2019:243 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Simochromis diagramma (Günther 1894). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika and Niemba River. Habitat: freshwater.

dialeptos, Melanochromis Bowers [N. J.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1997:51, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 22861] Lake Malawi, Masinje, 13°35'S, 34°51'E, Malawi, depth 10 meters. Holotype: PSU 2649.1. Paratypes: ANSP 175082 (3), MFRU 31 (5), PSU 2649.2 (10), USNM 343714 (5). •Valid as Melanochromis dialeptos Bowers & Stauffer 1997 -- (Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30309], Konings & Stauffer 2012:20 [ref. 31871], Konings 2016:113 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Melanochromis dialeptos Bowers & Stauffer 1997. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

diamantinensis, Geophagus Mattos [J. L. O.], Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Santos [A. C. A.] 2015:213, Figs. 2-6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 3); ref. 34048] Andaraí municipality, Paraguaçu River, Chapada Diamantina region, Bahia, Brazil, 12°50'23"S, 41°19'23"W. Holotype: UFRJ 8833. Paratypes: UFRJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as 'Geophagus' diamantinensis Mattos, Costa & Santos 2015 -- (Argolo et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37561]). •Valid as Geophagus diamantinensis Mattos, Costa & Santos 2015 -- (Mattos & Costa 2018:336 [ref. 36009], Silva et al. 2020:15 [ref. 37809]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus diamantinensis Mattos, Costa & Santos 2015. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguaçu River basin (Bahia State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

dicentrarchus, Biotoecus Kullander [S. O.] 1989:227, Fig. 1 [Journal of Natural History v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 17689] Caño Alisal, tributary to Río Bita a few kilometers south of Puerto Carreño, Vichada, Comisaria, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 1400. Paratypes: FMNH 85650 (16, now 18), 105089 (1), not 93045 (9); NRM 16662 (2); 37078 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:53 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Biotoecus dicentrarchus Kullander 1989 -- (Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:58 [ref. 27968] in Biotecus, Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:618 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:125 [ref. 27488], Staeck 2017:223 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:96 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Biotoecus dicentrarchus Kullander 1989. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

dichrourus, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1922:178, Fig. 6 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1922 (pt 1) (no. 9); ref. 3675] Buganga, Uganda, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1906.5.30.265. •Valid as Haplochromis dichrourus Regan 1922 -- (Greenwood 1967:65 [ref. 7965], van Oijen 1991:30 [ref. 20098], van Oijen et al. 1991:121 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis dichrourus Regan 1922. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

dickfeldi, Julidochromis Staeck [W.] 1975:981, Fig. 1 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 89 (no. 4); ref. 7473] Sumbu National Park region, Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. Holotype: MRAC 75-23-P-1. Paratypes: MRAC 75-23-P-2 (1). •Valid as Julidochromis dickfeldi Staeck 1975 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:202 [ref. 20946], Burgess 2014:6 [ref. 33600], Konings 2015:165 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:174 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Julidochromis dickfeldi Staeck 1975. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

dicrozoster, Geophagus López-Fernández [H.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2004:11, Figs. 1a, 6-8 [Zootaxa No. 439; ref. 27573] Laguna Larga, 6.5339°N, 67.4150°W, Río Cinaruco, Apure, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 40996. Paratypes: AMNH 233635 [ex MCNG 47603] (5), 233636 [ex MCNG 40853] (1); MCNG 30020 (7), 40311 (12), 47604 (4). •Valid as Geophagus dicrozoster López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004 -- (Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Lucinda et al. 2010:42 [ref. 30771], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633], Chuctaya et al. 2022:13 [ref. 39723]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus dicrozoster López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

dikume, Konia Trewavas [E.] in Trewavas, Green & Corbet 1972:63, Figs. 16-17 [Journal of Zoology (London) v. 167 (pt 1); ref. 4460] Lake Barombi-Mbo, Cameroon. Holotype: BMNH 1971.10.20.50. Paratypes: BMNH 1971.10.20.51-61 (11), 1971.10.20.62-67 (6). •Valid as Konia dikume Trewavas 1972 -- (Teugels 1991:206 [ref. 20955], Stiassny et al. 2007:401 [ref. 30045]). Current status: Valid as Konia dikume Trewavas 1972. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Lake Barombi-Mbo, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

dimerus, Acara Heckel [J. J.] 1840:351 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: NMW 33620. •Valid as Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander 1983:193 [ref. 8319], Gómez & Chebez 1996:65 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:151 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:622 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:158 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:87 [ref. 28131], Ottoni 2011:336 [ref. 31675], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:425 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:50 [ref. 35565] with author as Heckel 1840, Koerber et al. 2017:77 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[29] [ref. 35679], Dickens 2019:169 [ref. 37135], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:52 [ref. 37939], Reis et al. 2020:472 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:159 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cichlasoma dimerus (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná and Paraguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

dimidiatus, Hemichromis Günther [A.] 1864:313 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 2); ref. 1979] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Neotype: BMNH 1921.9.6.132. Holotype a skin, not found; neotype designated by Eccles & Trewavas 1989:92 [ref. 13547]. •Valid as Dimidiochromis dimidiatus (Günther 1864) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:91 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:76 [ref. 20944], Snoeks & Hanssens 2004:277 [ref. 28117], Konings 2016:310 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Dimidiochromis dimidiatus (Günther 1864). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

dimidiatus, Pelmatochromis Pellegrin [J.] 1900:99 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 14734] Banghi, Central African Republic. Syntypes: MNHN 1892-0120 to 0121 (1, 3) with a holotype. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:219 [ref. 20868]. •Valid as Nanochromis dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1900) -- (Daget 1991:270 [ref. 20947], Lamboj 2005:9 [ref. 28062], Schliewen & Stiassny 2006:43 [ref. 28629], Lamboj & Schelly 2006:248 [ref. 28845], Lamboj 2012:349 [ref. 32100]). •Valid as Congochromis dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1900) -- (Stiassny & Schliewen 2007:4 [ref. 29178], Lamboj 2009:47 [ref. 30314], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[11] 710 [ref. 38315], Stiassny et al. 2021:1688 [ref. 39000], Wingi et al. 2022:315 [ref. 39175]). Current status: Valid as Congochromis dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1900). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

dinicolai, Danakilia Stiassny [M. L. J.], De Marchi [G.] & Lamboj [A.] 2010:45, Figs. 2, 3a, 4 [Zootaxa No. 2690; ref. 31055] Lake Abaeded, 14°35'17"N, 40°05'04"E, Eritrea. Holotype: MSNM 4888. Paratypes: AMNH 24881 (5), 251633 (4); MSNG 55210 (1); MSNM 4889 (1), 4890 (1), 4891 (1). •Valid as Danakilia dinicolai Stiassny, De Marchi & Lamboj 2010. Current status: Valid as Danakilia dinicolai Stiassny, De Marchi & Lamboj 2010. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Abaeded, Eritrea. Habitat: freshwater.

diplostigma, Copadichromis Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] & Konings [A. F.] 2006:25, Figs. 6, 7c [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 28633] Lake Malawi, Likoma Island, Maingano Island, 12°02.818'S, 34°45.547'E. Holotype: PSU 3654. Paratypes: PSU 3655 (18). •Valid as Copadichromis diplostigma Stauffer & Konings 2006 -- (Konings 2016:242 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Copadichromis diplostigma Stauffer & Konings 2006. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

diplotaenia, Apistogramma Kullander [S. O.] 1987:259, Fig. 1 [Zoologica Scripta v. 16 (no. 3); ref. 9163] Rio Negro, downstream of River Daraã, eastern Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 28213. Paratypes: MZUSP 28177 (33), 28189 (1), 28194 (5), 28199 (96), 28214 (28), 28230 (1); NRM 16669 (8), 40203 [ex NRM 16669] (2, c&s); USNM 269342 (9), 269349 (9). Chech for spelling diplotaeniata. •Valid as Apistogramma diplotaenia Kullander 1987 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:613 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:31 [ref. 27488], Ready & Kullander 2004:3 [ref. 27843], Römer et al. 2004:31 [ref. 34102], Schindler & Staeck 2013:302 [ref. 33110] as diplotaeniata, Staeck 2017:63 [ref. 35639], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:97 [ref. 35633], Staeck & Schindler 2019:108 [ref. 36531]). Current status: Valid as Apistogramma diplotaenia Kullander 1987. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Rio Negro drainage, Amazon River basin: Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

diplotaenia, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] & Trewavas [E.] 1928:225 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 2 (no. 8) (art. 27); ref. 15876] Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1928.6.2.44. •Valid as Haplochromis diplotaenia Regan & Trewavas 1928 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:121 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis diplotaenia Regan & Trewavas 1928. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

diquis, Cichlasoma Bussing [W. A.] 1974:37, Fig. 2 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 7493] Tributary of Río Sierpe, 2 kilometers south of Palmar Sur at Interamerican Highway, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica, elevation 20 meters. Holotype: LACM 33911-1 [ex UCR 114-11]. Paratypes: AMNH 58123 (3); LACM 2713 (11), 2759 (1), 2942 (3), 2954 (2), 2960 (35), 4740 (6), 4770 (7), 4819 (7), 4838 (2), 4864 (2); UCR 40-3 (5), 41-2 (2), 42-8 (5), 101-9 (8), 103-7 (2), 104-16 (19), 110-7 (3), 111-18 (3), 112-18 (21), 114-11 (13), 298-2 (8), 299-3 (8), 300-4 (32), 304-8 (1), 305-2 (1), 306-7 (2), 380-3 (5), 519-1 (37), 756-21 (7); USNM 211339 (10), 211622-23 (10, 10). Type catalog: Angulo et al. 2015:367 [ref. 35212]. •Valid as Cichlasoma diquis Bussing 1974 -- (Bussing 1987:196 [ref. 22927], Conkel 1993:89 [ref. 22949]). •Valid as Astatheros diquis (Bussing 1974) -- (Bussing 1998:327 [ref. 24179]). •Valid as Amphilophus diquis (Bussing 1974) -- (Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:610 [ref. 27061], Angulo et al. 2013:1004 [ref. 33194]). •Valid as Cribroheros diquis (Bussing 1974) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:23 [ref. 34357], Angulo et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37425]). Current status: Valid as Cribroheros diquis (Bussing 1974). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Habitat: freshwater.

discolor, Chromis Günther [A.] 1903:332 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, v. 2 (pt 2) (art. 3) (for 18 Nov. 1902); ref. 2021] Lake Busum-chi [Bosumtwi], Ghana. Syntypes: BMNH 1903.4.24.33-35 (3). •Valid as Tilapia discolor (Günther 1903) -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:488 [ref. 20943], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:759 [ref. 21590], Dankwa et al. 1999:48 [ref. 28023], Dunz & Schliewen 2010:2 [ref. 30890], Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon discolor (Günther 1903) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Coptodon discolor (Günther 1903). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western Africa: Ashanti ecoregion endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

discus, Symphysodon Heckel [J. J.] 1840:333, Pl. 30 (figs. 21-24) [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Moreré am Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 35612. See Bleher et al. 2007:154 [ref. 29227] for type locality. •Valid as Symphysodon discus Heckel 1840 -- (Fuller et al. 1999:447 [ref. 25838], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:642 [ref. 27061], Bleher et al. 2007:154 [ref. 29227], Ready et al. 2006:200 [ref. 29520], Bleher 2011:1286 [ref. 31397], Amado et al. 2011:13 [ref. 38953]). Current status: Valid as Symphysodon discus Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: lower Rio Negro, Rio Ururum, Rio Nhamundá and Rio Abacaxis basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

dispersus, Haplochromis philander Trewavas [E.] 1936:73 [Novitates Zoologicae. A Journal of Zoology in Connection with the Tring Museum v. 40; ref. 13752] Lake Otjikoto, South West Africa. Syntypes: (5) BMNH 1905.10.18.31-33. •Synonym of Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber 1897), but a valid subspecies dispersus as described -- (Skelton 1991:396 [ref. 20950], Katongo et al. 2017:182 [ref. 35163]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Weber 1897). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dolichorhynchus, Haplochromis Greenwood [P. H.] & Gee [J. M.] 1969:34, Figs. 21-24 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 7814] Murchison Bay, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Uganda, depth 30 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1968.8.30.168. Paratypes: (26 of following) BMNH 1968.8.30.169-176 (8), 1968.8.30.177-190 (14), 1968.8.30.191-196 (6). •Valid as Haplochromis dolichorhynchus Greenwood & Gee 1969 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:122 [ref. 20956]) Current status: Valid as Haplochromis dolichorhynchus Greenwood & Gee 1969. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

dolloi, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:123, Pl. 45 (fig. 5) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 5); ref. 589] Lake Obeke, Upper Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.11.27.80-81 (2), BMNH (1, skeleton); MRAC 1085 (1), 1086-87 (2). •Synonym of Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell 1852, subspecies nigripinnis (Guichenot 1861) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:435 [ref. 20954]). •Synonym of Sarotherodon nigripinnis (Guichenot 1861) but a valid subspecies -- (Falk et al. 2003:81 [ref. 26792], Stiassny et al. 2007:387 [ref. 30045]). Current status: Synonym of Sarotherodon nigripinnis (Guichenot 1861). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

dolorosus, Haplochromis Trewavas [E.] 1933:338 [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 38 (no. 259); ref. 16530] Chambura River, flowing into Kazinga channel, eastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1933.2.23.419. •Valid as Haplochromis dolorosus Trewavas 1933 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:122 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis dolorosus Trewavas 1933. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Chambura River. Habitat: freshwater.

domirae, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:153, Fig. 22 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] Domira Bay, Malawi, Lake Malawi, depth 78-79 meters. Holotype: SADC/GEF 97/16/73/77 [MRAC 99-41-P-3882]. Paratypes: SADC/GEF 97/16/73/78-80 [MRAC 99-41-P-3883-85] (3). •Valid as Placidochromis domirae Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:407 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis domirae Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsalis, Paratilapia Pellegrin [J.] 1902:419 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 8 (no. 6); ref. 18069] Brazzaville, Upper Congo River, Republic of the Congo. Holotype: MNHN 1900-0202. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:217 [ref. 20868]. •Synonym of Pelmatochromis nigrofasciatus (Pellegrin 1900) -- (Daget 1991:362 [ref. 20947]). Current status: Synonym of Pelmatochromis nigrofasciatus (Pellegrin 1900). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsatum, Cichlasoma Meek [S. E.] 1907:123 [Field Columbian Museum, Zoölogical Series v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 2959] Lago Managua at Managua, Nicaragua. Holotype: FMNH 5971. Paratypes: FMNH 5970 (2), 5972-73 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:25 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Cichlasoma labiatum (Günther 1864) -- (Conkel 1993:85 [ref. 22949]). •Synonym of Amphilophus labiatus (Günther 1864) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:610 [ref. 27061], Stauffer et al. 2008:117 [ref. 29556]). Current status: Synonym of Amphilophus labiatus (Günther 1864). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsiger, Acara Heckel [J. J.] 1840:348 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Cáceres (formerly Villa María), Río Paraguay, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 33669. As Acara dorsigera in Günther 1862:280 [ref. 1969] and in current literature. •Valid as Laetacara dorsigera (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:638 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:75 [ref. 27366], Staeck 2003:158 [ref. 27488], Casciotta et al. 2003:157 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:88 [ref. 28131], Staeck & Schindler 2007:63 [ref. 29233], Ottoni & Costa 2009:42 [ref. 30198], Ottoni et al. 2009:123 [ref. 30600], Ottoni et al. 2012:187 [ref. 32046], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:56 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:426 [ref. 34561], Koerber 2016:142 [ref. 35012], Vera-Alcaraz et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35082], Koerber et al. 2017:77 [ref. 35267], Staeck 2017:260 [ref. 35639], Ottoni 2018:52 [ref. 35872], Dickens 2019:169 [ref. 37135], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:56 [ref. 37939], Reis et al. 2020:473 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Laetacara dorsigera (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River, Paraná River and upper Madeira River basins (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

dorsocellata, Crenicichla Haseman [J. D.] 1911:355, Pl. 63 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (18); ref. 12510] Rio Parahyba at Campos, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54155 [ex CM 2721]. Paratypes: FMNH 54156 [ex CM 2722] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:95 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Crenicichla lacustris (Castelnau 1855) -- (Ploeg 1991:115 [ref. 20196], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:628 [ref. 27061], Kullander & Lucena 2006:131 [ref. 28747], Varella et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Crenicichla lacustris (Castelnau 1855). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dovii, Heros Günther [A.] 1864:154 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 1) (art. 3) (for 22 Mar. 1864); ref. 13930] Lake Nicaragua, Nicaragua. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.26.195-196 (2). Gilbert & Kelso 1971:36 [ref. 7678] needlessly emended the species spelling to dowi •Valid as Cichlasoma dovii (Günther 1864) -- (Bussing 1987:199 [ref. 22927], Conkel 1993:116 [ref. 22949]). •Valid as Nandopsis dovii (Günther 1864) -- (Burgess 2000:50 [ref. 24818]). •Valid as Parachromis dovii (Günther 1864) -- (Kullander & Hartel 1997:195 [ref. 22732], Bussing 1998:361 [ref. 24179], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:640 [ref. 27061], Miller, 2006:363 [ref. 28615], Matamoros et al. 2009:21 [ref. 31241], McMahan et al. 2013:452 [ref. 32422], Angulo et al. 2013:1005 [ref. 33194], Říčan et al. 2016:32 [ref. 34357], Angulo et al. 2023:54 [ref. 40676]). Current status: Valid as Parachromis dovii (Günther 1864). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Central America: Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua. Habitat: freshwater.

drachenfelsi, Pelvicachromis Lamboj [A.], Bartel [D.] & Dell'Ampio [E.] 2014:211, Figs. 2-4 [Cybium v. 38 (no. 3); ref. 33539] Wouri River system, region of Yabassi, tributary of Wouri River on Road Douala-Yabassi, 4°18.250’N, 10°02.971’E, Cameroon. Holotype: NMW 95237. Paratypes: AMNH, NMW , MRAC. ZSM. •Valid as Pelvicachromis drachenfelsi Lamboj, Bartel & Dell'Ampio 2014. Current status: Valid as Pelvicachromis drachenfelsi Lamboj, Bartel & Dell'Ampio 2014. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Wouri River, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

druryi, Tilapia Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1917:500 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 11 (pt 6); ref. 15119] Kafue River, Rhodesia, South Africa. Holotype (unique): SAM 10738 [now at AMG]. •Synonym of Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger 1897) -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:495 [ref. 20943], Seegers 1996:323 [ref. 23725]). •Synonym of Coptodon rendalli (Boulenger 1897). Current status: Synonym of Coptodon rendalli (Boulenger 1897). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dubia, Tilapia Lönnberg [E.] 1904:137 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 13 (no. 74) (art. 15); ref. 15189] Lake Barombi-ba-Kotta, Cameroon Mountain, Cameroon. Holotype (unique): NMG 3/1904. •Synonym of Tilapia mariae Boulenger 1899 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1991:493 [ref. 20943], Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde in Lévêque et al. 1992:746 [ref. 21590]). •Synonym of Pelmatolapia mariae (Boulenger 1899). Current status: Synonym of Pelmatolapia mariae (Boulenger 1899). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

duboisi, Tropheus Marlier [G.] 1959:181, Fig. 3 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 59 (nos 1-2); ref. 12004] Memba, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: MRAC 119883. Paratypes: (11). •Valid as Tropheus duboisi Marlier 1959 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:522 [ref. 20946], Konings 2015:106 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:112 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Tropheus duboisi Marlier 1959. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

dumerilii, Chromis Steindachner [F.] 1864:225, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 14; ref. 13938] West Africa. Holotype (unique): NMW 32907. •Synonym of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:327 [ref. 20954]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters 1852). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dumerilii, Plataxoides Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:21, Pl. 11 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN A-0254. Type catalog: Blanc 1962:220 [ref. 20868]. •Synonym of Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze 1823) -- (Kullander 1986:210 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:641 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze 1823). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

duodecimspinosus, Geophagus Boulenger [G. A.] 1895:524 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1895 (pt 3); ref. 14576] Paraguay. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1895.5.17.12. •Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891) -- (Gosse 1976:126 [ref. 7029], Reis & Malabarba 1988:268 [ref. 6638], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:634 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:155 [ref. 28130], Litz & Koerber 2014:34 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:58 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnogeophagus balzanii (Perugia 1891). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

duopunctata, Aequidens Haseman [J. D.] 1911:338, Pl. 56 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (18); ref. 12510] Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54033 [ex CM 2573]. Paratypes: FMNH 54034 [ex CM 2574] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:94 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:5 [ref. 12367]. Apparently the number 2574 in the caption to Pl. 56 should have been 2573. •Synonym of Aequidens pallidus (Heckel 1840) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:608 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Aequidens pallidus (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

duponti, Chilochromis Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:236, Pl. 24 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 569] Lukula River, tributary of Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): IRSNB 7. Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:30 [ref. 20755]. Genus is not the same as Cheilochromis Eccles & Trewavas 1989. •Valid as Chilochromis duponti Boulenger 1902 -- (Snoeks & Teugels 1991:45 [ref. 20951], Poll & Gosse 1995:255 [ref. 24781], Stiassny et al. 2007:347 [ref. 30045], Skelton 2019:228 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:244 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Chilochromis duponti Boulenger 1902. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Republic of Congo, Gabon and Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

eccentricus, Perissodus Liem [K. F.] & Stewart [D. J.] 1976:321, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 147 (no. 7); ref. 7096] Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: UMMZ 196003. Paratypes: BMNH 1975.1.28.1 [ex UMMZ 196007] (1); MCZ 50092 [ex UMMZ 196009] (1, dissected), 50093 (1), 50718 (1); MRAC 74-27-P-1 [ex UMMZ 196008] (1); UMMZ 196004-06 (3, 2, 2), 196007-09 (0, 0, 0), 196056 (5). •Valid as Perissodus eccentricus Liem & Stewart 1976 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:367 [ref. 20946], Poll & Gosse 1995:249 [ref. 24781], Konings 2015:378 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:400 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Perissodus eccentricus Liem & Stewart 1976. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

ecclesi, Diplotaxodon Burgess [W. E.] & Axelrod [H. R.] 1973:88, Fig. 2 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 7557] Off Monkey Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth 43 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 210696. •Valid as Diplotaxodon ecclesi Burgess & Axelrod 1973 -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:268 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:76 [ref. 20944], Turner & Stauffer 1998:239 [ref. 23318], see Turner et al. 2004:229 [ref. 28114], Konings 2016:392 [ref. 34521], Stauffer & Konings 2021:283 [ref. 38048]). Current status: Valid as Diplotaxodon ecclesi Burgess & Axelrod 1973. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

ecclesi, Placidochromis Hanssens [M.] 2004:130, Fig. 11 [The cichlid diversity of Lake Malawi/Nyasa/Niassa; ref. 28056] Lukoma Bay, Tanzania, Lake Malawi, depth 123-125 meters. Holotype: SADC/GEF 98/28/56/16 [MRAC 99-41-P-3862]. Paratypes: SADC/GEF 98/28/56/17 [MRAC 99-41-P-3863] (1). Plus 2 unspecified paratypes. •Valid as Placidochromis ecclesi Hanssens 2004 -- (Konings 2016:406 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis ecclesi Hanssens 2004. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

edithae, Crenicichla Ploeg [A.] 1991:29, Fig. 24 [South American Crenicichla; ref. 20196] Arroyo Itabu-Guazu, Río Paraguai system, Paraguay. Holotype: MHNG 2028.45. Paratypes: BMNH 1891.3.16.27 (1), 1895.5.17.11 (1), 1927.11.23.65 (1), 1935.6.4.416-419 (4), 1971.2.12.66 (1), 1985.1.30.10 (1), 1985.6.20.1133-1138 (now 4), 1985.6.20.1149-1163 (?now 3); MHNG 2028.31-39 (9), 2028.46-47 (7); MNHN A-9500 (1), A-9516 (1); ZMA 120361 (4), 120357-58 (2, 2), 120387 (1). Plus more at MNRJ. •Valid as Crenicichla edithae Ploeg 1991 -- (Britski et al. 1999:147 [ref. 24147]). •Synonym of Crenicichla lepidota Heckel 1840 -- (Lucena & Kullander 1992:101 [ref. 20004], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:629 [ref. 27061], Varella 2011:69 [ref. 37216], Casciotta et al. 2013:385 [ref. 32938], Litz & Koerber 2014:33 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:57 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:79 [ref. 35267], Varella et al. 2018:363 [ref. 35777], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:53 [ref. 37939]). •Synonym of Saxatilia lepidota (Heckel 1840) -- (Varella et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40273]). Current status: Synonym of Saxatilia lepidota (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

eduardiana, Schubotzia Boulenger [G. A.] 1914:258, Pl. 7 (figs. 2-3) [Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition, 1907-1908 v. 5 (Zool. no. 3); ref. 582] Lake Edward, eastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1914.4.8.35. Paralectotypes: ZMB 19131 (1), 31566 (3). Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1973:216 [ref. 7566]. •Valid as Haplochromis eduardianus (Boulenger 1914) -- (Greenwood 1973:215 [ref. 7566]). •Valid as Schubotzia eduardiana Boulenger 1914 -- (van Oijen 1991:438 [ref. 20959], Poll & Gosse 1995:273 [ref. 24781]). Current status: Valid as Schubotzia eduardiana Boulenger 1914. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lakes Edward and George and the Kazinga Channel. Habitat: freshwater.

eduardiana, Tilapia Boulenger [G. A.] 1912:138 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 55); ref. 14832] Southeastern slope of Mt. Ruwenzori, Uganda, elevation 3200 feet. Syntypes: BMNH 1907.4.20.21-26 (6). •Synonym of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies eduardianus (Boulenger 1912) -- (Trewavas & Teugels 1991:329 [ref. 20954], Poll & Gosse 1995:285 [ref. 24781]). Current status: Synonym of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

eduardii, Haplochromis Regan [C. T.] 1921:635 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 8 (no. 48); ref. 15327] Lake Edward [Lake Albert Edward]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1914.4.8.13. •Valid as Haplochromis eduardii Regan 1921 -- (van Oijen et al. 1991:122 [ref. 20956]). Current status: Valid as Haplochromis eduardii Regan 1921. Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Uganda: Lake Edward. Habitat: freshwater.

efasciatus, Heros Heckel [J. J.] 1840:372 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Negro or Amazon River, South America. Holotype (unique): NMW 33341. •Valid as Heros efasciatus Heckel 1840 -- (Keith et al. 2000:202 [ref. 24547], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:636 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:128, 189 [ref. 35004], Staeck & Schindler 2015:132 [ref. 33952], Melo et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34701] as cf. efasciatus, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:28 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:74 [ref. 39235], Chan et al. 2023:145 [ref. 40365]). Current status: Valid as Heros efasciatus Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru). Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

egregius, Mesonauta Kullander [S. O.] & Silfvergrip [A. M. C.] 1991:429, Figs. 1E, 9-10, 21 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 98 (no. 2); ref. 16014] Mouth of Río Guarrojo, laguna no. 1 on Finca Boca de Guarrojo, Dept. Vichada, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMNH 1686 [ex NRM 43043]. Paratypes: FMNH 92863 (9); NRM 11302 (2), 12280 (1). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:54 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Mesonauta egregius Kullander & Silfvergrip 1991 -- (Schindler 1998:11 [ref. 23480], Lasso & Machado-Allison 2000:122 [ref. 27968], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:638 [ref. 27061], Schindler & Ottoni 2016:86 [ref. 34465], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:100 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:457 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Mesonauta egregius Kullander & Silfvergrip 1991. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Cichlasoma Meek [S. E.] 1902:119, Pl. 30 [Field Columbian Museum, Zoölogical Series v. 3 (no. 6); ref. 2957] Río Tehuacán at Venta Salada, Pueblo, Mexico. Holotype: FMNH 3712. Paratypes: FMNH 3711 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:25 [ref. 12367]. McMahan et al. 2010:1299 [ref. 31111] put nebuliferus as incertae sedis in 'Cichlasoma'. •Synonym of Theraps nebulifer (Günther 1860) -- (Miller 2006:375 [ref. 28615] as nebuliferus). •Synonym of Paraneetroplus nebulifer (Günther 1860) -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:641 [ref. 27061] as nebuliferus, Paepke et al. 2014:46 [ref. 33351] as nebuliferus). Current status: Synonym of Paraneetroplus nebulifer (Günther 1860). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

eimekei, Pterophyllum Ahl [E.] 1928:31, Fig. [Das Aquarium: eine Zeitschrift mit Bildern für Liebhaber, Schulen und Naturfreunde, Berlin 1928 (no. 2); ref. 35573] Rio Negro of Amazon River. Syntypes: MNHN [ex ZMB] 1929-0012 (1), ZMB 32396 (orig. 5, now 4). Type catalog: Blanc 1962:221 [ref. 20868], Paepke & Schindler 2013:270 [ref. 32895] with a holotype as largest in ZMB 32396.. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:96 [ref. 21847]. Described in more detail by Ahl 1928:252 [ref. 15830]. •Uncertain in genus Pterophyllum -- (Schindler 2001:74 [ref. 38783]). •Synonym of Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze 1823) -- (Kullander 1986:210 [ref. 12439], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:641 [ref. 27061], Schindler 2003:83 [ref. 27489]). Current status: Synonym of Pterophyllum scalare (Schultze 1823). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.

eisentrauti, Tilapia Trewavas [E.] 1962:168, Figs. 5A, 6A [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 13 (heft 1/3); ref. 4456] Lake Barombi-ma-Mbu (Elephant Lake), northwestern Cameroon. Holotype: BMNH 1961.10.18.11. Paratypes: BMNH 1961.10.18.12-14 (3); ZFMK 732 (1). Type catalog: Busse 1984:221 [ref. 28342], Herder et al. 2010:131 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Konia eisentrauti (Trewavas 1962) -- (Teugels 1991:206 [ref. 20955], Stiassny et al. 2007:399 [ref. 30045]). Current status: Valid as Konia eisentrauti (Trewavas 1962). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Lake Barombi-Mbo, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

ejagham, Tilapia Dunz [A. R.] & Schliewen [U. K.] 2010:258, Figs. 9-10 [Spixiana (München) v. 33 (no. 2); ref. 31064] Lake Ejagham, 5°45'N, 8°59'E, South-West Province, Manyu Subdivision, Cameroon. Holotype: ZSM 40074. Paratypes: ZSM 40075 (25). Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Neumann 2011:252 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Tilapia ejagham Dunz & Schliewen 2010 -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2012:18 [ref. 31983]). •Valid as Coptodon ejagham (Dunz & Schliewen 2010) -- (Dunz & Schliewen 2013:73 [ref. 32672]). Current status: Valid as Coptodon ejagham (Dunz & Schliewen 2010). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Lake Ejagham, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

elastodema, Melanochromis Bowers [N. J.] & Stauffer [J. R., Jr.] 1997:55, Figs. 6-7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 22861] Lake Malawi, Chisumulu Island (Liwello Bay), 12°02'S, 34°37'E, Malawi, depth 5-8 meters. Holotype: PSU 2651.1. Paratypes: ANSP 175084 (5), MFRU 33 (4), PSU 2651.2 (8), USNM 343716 (5). •Valid as Melanochromis elastodema Bowers & Stauffer 1997. • Mention -- (Konings-Dudin et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30309], Konings & Stauffer 2012:21 [ref. 31871] but not treated in Melanochromis). •Synonym of Pseudotropheus interruptus (Johnson 1975) -- (Konings 2016:425 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudotropheus interruptus (Johnson 1975). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Habitat: freshwater.

elaviae, Plecodus Poll [M.] 1949:26, Figs. 13-15 [Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique v. 25 (no. 33); ref. 13026] Extreme north end of Lake Tanganyika, between Usumbura and Ruzizi River mouth. Holotype: MRAC 112725. Paratypes: MRAC 112726 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:63 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Plecodus elaviae Poll 1949 -- (Maréchal & Poll 1991:383 [ref. 20946]). •Valid as Perissodus elaviae (Poll 1949) -- (Konings 2015:378 [ref. 34660], Konings 2019:400 [ref. 36983]). Current status: Valid as Perissodus elaviae (Poll 1949). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

electra, Haplochromis Burgess [W. E.] 1979:91, Figs. [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 27 (no. 8); ref. 8842] Near Likoma Island, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa, depth about 75 feet. Holotype: USNM 219534. Paratypes: AMNH 39103 (4, 1 c&s); BMNH 1979.2.9.11-14 (4); USNM 219535-36 (5, 8). •Valid as Placidochromis electra (Burgess 1979) -- (Eccles & Trewavas 1989:113 [ref. 13547], Maréchal 1991:378 [ref. 20944], Konings 2016:331 [ref. 34521]). Current status: Valid as Placidochromis electra (Burgess 1979). Cichlidae: Pseudocrenilabrinae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Malawi. Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Crenicara Steindachner [F.] 1875:99 [39], Pl. 1 (figs. 1, 1a-b) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 71 (1. Abth.); ref. 4220] Amazon River at Gurupá, Codajás, Curupira, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 33026 (1), 33031-35 (?), 76428 (3), 33027-33028 (?), 33029-30 (1, 1). On p. 36 of separate. •Synonym of Crenicara punctulatum (Günther 1863) -- (Kullander 1986:140 [ref. 12439], Kullander & Staeck 1990:161 [ref. 16012], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:626 [ref. 27061], Staeck 2003:132 [ref. 27488]). •Perhaps should be Crenicara punctulatus. Current status: Synonym of Crenicara punctulata (Günther 1863). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Habitat: freshwater.