Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Exocoetidae: [ 188 ] records

abei, Cheilopogon Parin [N. V.] 1996:303, Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 36 (no. 3); ref. 23179] Western Pacific, near Admiralty Islands, 1°00'S, 148°00'E [not 48°00'E]. Holotype: ZIN 51011. Paratypes: ZIN 51012-15 (1, 1, 1, 1); ZMMU P-9940 (10, not received). Based on literature and specimens. •Valid as Cypselurus abei (Parin 1996) -- (Nakabo 2000:557 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:557 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Cheilopogon abei Parin 1996 -- (Parin 1999:2169 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Paxton et al. 2006:724 [ref. 29073], Larson et al. 2013:66 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:178 [ref. 34104], Stewart & Struthers 2015:956 [ref. 34274] as ? abei, Fricke et al. 2018:102 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:77 [ref. 36673], Jayakumar et al. 2019:701 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:341 [ref. 37272], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:382 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:342 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon abei Parin 1996. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (SouthAfrica), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles and Madagascar east to Mariana Islands and Solomon Islands, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

acutus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:125 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Suriname. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3202. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:185-186 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:10 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Fodiator acutus (Valenciennes 1847), valid subspecies acutus -- (Reiner 2019:137 [ref. 38139]). •Valid as Fodiator acutus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:114 [ref. 9277], Parin & Gibbs 1990:588 [ref. 16545], Allen & Robertson 1994:89 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:78 [ref. 23101], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:139 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:254 [ref. 24023], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:950 [ref. 23897], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:175 [ref. 24555], Afonso et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25466] as species and subspecies, Parin & Belyanina 2002:294 [ref. 26169], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547], Wirtz et al. 2007:27 [ref. 30263], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2148 [ref. 34602], Kells et al. 2016:118 [ref. 35888], Lewallen et al. 2017:1753 [ref. 35395], Fermon et al. 2022:270 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Fodiator acutus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Walvis Bay (Namibia), including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

affinis, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1866:288 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Atlantic; West Africa; Cuba. Syntypes: BMNH 1855.12.26.455 (1) Cuba, BMNH ?.6.22.59 (1) Atlantic, BMNH ?1843.1.10.21 (2) West Africa. Type catalog: Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35195]. •Valid as Hirundichthys affinis (Günther 1866) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:198 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:105 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:308 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:128 [ref. 14674], Parin & Gibbs 1990:588 [ref. 16545], Cervigón 1991:217 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:82 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:319 [ref. 23827], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:951 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:47 [ref. 24221], Monteiro et al. 1998:400 [ref. 23732], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:173 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:989 [ref. 25909], Parin 2003:1129 [ref. 27018], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:130 [ref. 32656], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Shakhivskoy & Parin 2013:509 [ref. 32929], Pinheiro et al. 2015:9 [ref. 34324], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2149 [ref. 34602], Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35195], Shakhovskoy 2018:51 [ref. 36429], Almeida & Alves 2019:270 [ref. 37509], Parin et al. 2019:199 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:137 [ref. 38139], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:303 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:270 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys affinis (Günther 1866). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Brunswick (Canada) south to southeastern Brazil; eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola. Habitat: marine.

agoo, Exocoetus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:247 [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Japan seas. No types known. Based on figure and manuscript of Burger (Boeseman 1947:180 [ref. 12876]). •Valid as Cypselurus agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Wang et al. 2001:193 [ref. 26566]). •Valid as Prognichthys agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:226 [ref. 26385]). •Valid as Cheilopogon agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846), subspecies agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Sheiko 1983:18 [ref. 37041], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670]). •Valid as Cypselurus agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846), subspecies agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Nakabo 2000:558 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:558 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Cheilopogon agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Kim et al. 2001:102 [ref. 25722], Choi et al. 2003:220, 546 [ref. 26218], Motomura et al. 2010:81 [ref. 31256], Parin et al. 2014:193 [ref. 33547], Kim et al. 2020:79 [ref. 39118]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

alatus, Exocoetus Solander [D. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:113 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing under Exocoetus poecilopterus Valenciennes, from Tahiti, Society Is. Nomen Nudum. Exocoetidae.

albidactylus, Exocoetus Gill [T. N.] 1863:167 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] Western coast of Central America. Holotype (unique): USNM lost. Type catalog: Smith 2018:70 [ref. 36061]. •Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:583 [ref. 16545]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

albimaculatus, Cypselurus Fowler [H. W.] 1934:327, Fig. 81 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Ladrone Islands, Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific, Albatross station A200. Holotype (unique): USNM 65810. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Danichthys albimaculatus (Fowler 1934) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:555 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:555 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Hirundichthys albimaculatus (Fowler 1934) -- (Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1101 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:306 [ref. 23179], Parin 1999:2177 [ref. 24786], Parin & Belyanina 2002:S29 [ref. 28438], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495] dated 1933, Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Mundy 2005:289 [ref. 28379], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:130 [ref. 32656], Fricke et al. 2014:38 [ref. 33932], Stewart & Struthers 2015:962 [ref. 34274], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys albimaculatus (Fowler 1934). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Philippines and Papua New Guinea east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to New Zealand; eastern Pacific: northern Baja California (Mxico) south to Peru. Habitat: marine.

alienus, Cypselurus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1935:392 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 18 (no. 12); ref. 2109] South coast near Santiago, Cuba. Holotype: FMNH 17224. Paratypes: CAS-SU 24419 (1, not found in 1995). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:52 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:31 [ref. 12367]. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

altipennis, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:109, Pl. 560 [not 526] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Lectotype: MNHN A-9920. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-9921 (1) Indian seas. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:183-184 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:10 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:182 [ref. 12982] as Dussumier specimen from Indian seas, apparently not same as lectotype selected by Heemstra & Parin 1986:393 [ref. 6293]. Spelled altipinnis by Günther 1866:290 [ref. 1983]. •Valid as Cypselurus altipennis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Dor 1984:60 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:15 [ref. 25356]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Heemstra & Parin 1986:393 [ref. 6293], Paxton et al. 1989:332 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831), but a valid subspecies -- (Collette & Parin 1991:6 [ref. 19110], Paxton et al. 2006:726 [ref. 29073], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:345 [ref. 39717]). •Valid as Cheilopogon altipennis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:128 [ref. 28072]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon altipennis (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Habitat: marine.

andamanicus, Cheilopogon formosus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2019:26, Figs. 9-10 [Zootaxa 4589 (no. 1); ref. 36674] R/V "Vityaz", Cruise 35, Sta. 5302, Sample 461, 3°27'N, 100°12'E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24079. Paratypes: URM, ZMUC. •Synonym of Cheilopogon formosus (Kotthaus 1969) but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon formosus (Kotthaus 1969). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Southern part of the Andaman Sea: from Phuket to Singapore [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

angusticeps, Cypselurus Nichols [J. T.] & Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1935:2, Fig. 2 [American Museum Novitates No. 821; ref. 13296] Negonego Island, Tuamotu Archipelago [French Polynesia, South Pacific]. Holotype: AMNH 12984. Paratypes: AMNH 13295 (3). •Valid as Cypselurus angusticeps Nichols & Breder 1935 -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Abe 1994:1278 [ref. 23438], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1099 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:302 [ref. 23179], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:138 [ref. 24545], Parin 1999:2173 [ref. 24786], Nakabo 2000:560 [ref. 25086], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:560 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:287 [ref. 28379], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Love et al. 2021:93 [ref. 39279], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:347 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus angusticeps Nichols & Breder 1935. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: separate population at Soccoro Island and Revillagigedo Archipelago (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

antarei, Cypselurus Beebe [W.] & Hollister [G.] 1933:83, Fig. 15 [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 12 (no. 9); ref. 16100] About 200 miles north of Sombrero, British West Indies, 21°50'N, 63°23'W (flew aboard). Holotype (unique): USNM 170921 [ex NYZS]. Type catalog: Mead 1958:132 [ref. 20648], Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Cypselurus comatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410]). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus comatus (Mitchill 1815). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

antoncichi, Cypselurus Woods [L. P.] & Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz et al. 1953:181, Fig. 35 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 1; ref. 3975] Leeward side of reef 2 miles south of Rigili Island, southwest passage, Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands, surface. Holotype: USNM 140291. Paratypes: FMNH 62593-94 (1, 1) [ex USNM 140289] (2); USNM 65809 (1), 140288 (2), 140293 (17). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:31 [ref. 12367], Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Cheilopogon antoncichi (Woods & Schultz 1953) -- (Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410], Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179]). •Valid as Cypselurus antoncichi Woods & Schultz 1953 -- (Nakabo 2000:558 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:558 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Motomura et al. 2010:81 [ref. 31256]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Mundy 2005:286 [ref. 28379], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

appendiculatus, Exocoetus Wood [W. W.] 1825:283, Pl. 17 (fig. 2) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 4 (pt 2); ref. 17840] Locality unknown [southern coast U.S.A.]. No types known. •Synonym of Cypselurus comatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Parin 1960:220 [ref. 13299]). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus comatus (Mitchill 1815). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

apus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:107 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Seas of China near Macao. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0834. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:183 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:10 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:38 [ref. 39123]). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Macao, China to Eastern Philippines, Moluccas, northern New Guinea to Melanesia [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

arabicus, Cypselurus poecilopterus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2022:6, Figs. 1A-B [Zootaxa 5117 (no. 1); ref. 39123] Vityaz Cruise 31, Station 4722, 16°10'N, 60°45'E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24449. Paratypes: IOM 04062 (1), 04063 (1). •Synonym of Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes 1847), but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Arabian Sea [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

arcticeps, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1866:289 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2012.11.8.4. •Valid as Cypselurus arcticeps (Günther 1866) -- (Chen et al. 1997:26 [ref. 26476], Nakabo 2000:560 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:560 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Cheilopogon arcticeps (Günther 1866) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:331 [ref. 12442], Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179], Parin 1999:2169 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Mundy 2005:284 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:725 [ref. 29073], Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Larson et al. 2013:66 [ref. 32988], Motomura et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35490], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon arcticeps (Günther 1866). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: China, Japan to Thailand and Samoan Islands. Habitat: marine.

atlanticus, Parexocoetus mento Bruun [A. F.] 1933:382 [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn v. 94; ref. 16474] Eastern Atlantic, 22°30'N, 20°17'W, off northwestern coast of Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1924.8.29.13 (1), 1924.8.29.14 (1). •Synonym of Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847), but a valid subspecies atlanticus Bruun 1933 -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:591 [ref. 16545]). Current status: Synonym of Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific, Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

atrisignis, Cypsilurus Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:436, Pl. 3 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50713. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410]. Original genus should have been spelled Cypselurus. •Valid as Cypselurus atrisignis Jenkins 1903 -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:556 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:556 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Cheilopogon atrisignis (Jenkins 1903) -- (Abe 1994:1249 [ref. 23438], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1097 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:250 [ref. 24023], Anderson et al. 1998:22 [ref. 23611], Parin 1999:2169 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495] dated 1904, Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624] dated 1904, Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:284 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:725 [ref. 29073], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957] dated 1904, Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:455 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Fricke et al. 2019:77 [ref. 36673], Jayakumar et al. 2019:701 [ref. 37111], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:382 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:343 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon atrisignis (Jenkins 1903). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen) and Madagascar east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Central America, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands. Habitat: marine.

atrodorsalis, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1867:67 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 115); ref. 1988] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1866.12.28.32. •Synonym of Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:731 [ref. 29073]). Current status: Synonym of Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

bahiensis, Exocartus Ranzani [C.] 1842:362, Pl. 38 (fig. 1) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 5; ref. 9017] Brazil. Syntypes: MZUB 950 (1), 981 (1). The original genus is correctly Exocoetus. •Synonym of Cypselurus cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Dor 1984:60 [ref. 29757]). •Status uncertain -- (Abe 1994:1275 [ref. 23438]). •Valid as Cypselurus bahiensis (Ranzani 1842) -- (Chen et al. 1997:26 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:170 [ref. 25013], Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:111 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Atlantic. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0833. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:184 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:10 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Cypselurus exsiliens (Linnaeus 1771) -- (Gibbs & Staiger 1970:448 [ref. 7741]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon exsiliens (Linnaeus 1771) -- (Parin 1973:264 [ref. 7191]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon exsiliens (Linnaeus 1771). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

bilobatus, Cypsilurus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1922:185 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 4; ref. 4598] South coast of New Guinea. Holotype (unique): ZMA 109669. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:67 [ref. 19236]. Original genus should have been spelled Cypselurus. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

borodini, Halocypselus Nichols [J. T.] & Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1932:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 561; ref. 13300] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: MCZ 6216. Paratypes: AMNH 9698 [ex MCZ] (1). •Synonym of Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson 1846 -- (Fricke 1999:122 [ref. 24106], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S44 [ref. 25770]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson 1846. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

bosha, Cypselurus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2019:52, Figs. 23, 24, 26A-E, 27 [Zootaxa 4589 (no. 1); ref. 36674] Bolinao fish market. Holotype: IORAS 03435. Paratypes: CAS, IORAS, URM, ZMUC. •Valid as Cypselurus bosha Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019. Current status: Valid as Cypselurus bosha Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

brachiopterus, Exocoetus Solander [D. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:131 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

brachycephalus, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1866:297 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1848.3.18.209. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:265 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545]). • Questionably a synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S33 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

brachypterus, Exocaetus Richardson [J.] (ex Solander) 1846:265 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific; China sea, western Pacific. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Genus in original should have been spelled Exocoetus. Not available from above, manuscript name for specimen from Tahiti mentioned in the synonymy of Exocoetus monocirrhus; subsequently validated back to Richardson 1846 by use as a valid name by Günther 1866:280 [ref. 1983]. •Synonym of Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Dor 1984:61 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846), subspecies brachypterus (Richardson 1846) -- (Nakabo 2000:554 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:554 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:221, 548 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Larson et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:38 [ref. 33932]). •Valid as Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Parin 1986:395 [ref. 6293], Robins & Ray 1986:103 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin & Gibbs 1990:590 [ref. 16545], Cervigón 1991:213 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:82 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:320 [ref. 23827], Goren & Dor 1994:15 [ref. 25356], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1103 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:90 [ref. 22896], Parin 1996:301 [ref. 23179], Anderson et al. 1998:22 [ref. 23611], Monteiro et al. 1998:400 [ref. 23732], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:953 [ref. 23897], Fricke 1999:123 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2178 [ref. 24786], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Avsar & Cicek 2000:91 [ref. 25539], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Rocha & Rosa 2001:989 [ref. 25909], Kim et al. 2001:107 [ref. 25722], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:290 [ref. 28379], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Paxton et al. 2006:731 [ref. 29073] with subspecies mentioned, Fricke et al. 2009:31 [ref. 30213], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2018:103 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:346 [ref. 37272], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:305 [ref. 38945], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279], Fermon et al. 2022:271 [ref. 39448], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:354 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunin, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U. S. A.) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga; eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador. Habitat: marine.

brachysoma, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1865:111 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 418] Java, Indonesia; Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia; Labuka, Batjan; Ambon. Syntypes (3) and/or Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1866.5.2.33 and 34 (1, 1), ?RMNH 6972 (2). •Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis apus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:38 [ref. 39123]). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

brevipinnis, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:123 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Carteret Harbour, Lambom Island, near Cape Saint-George, southern New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific, ca. 4°48'S, 152°51'E. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0602. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:185 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:10 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Prognichthys brevipinnis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Parin 1986:396 [ref. 6293], Randall 1995:91 [ref. 22896], Parin 1996:301 [ref. 23179], Anderson et al. 1998:22 [ref. 23611], Parin 1999:2178 [ref. 24786], Nakabo 2000:554 [ref. 25086], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:554 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2014:38 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:346 [ref. 37272], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:355 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Prognichthys brevipinnis (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Socotra (Yemen) east to Palau and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea). Habitat: marine.

brevis, Cypsilurus Weber [M.] & de Beaufort [L. F.] 1922:192 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 4; ref. 4598] Saleyer [Saleiar] Island,ca. 6°S, 134°E, Indonesia and Aru Islands. Syntypes: ZMA 109675 (3). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:67 [ref. 19236]. Original genus should have been spelled Cypselurus. •Synonym of Cypselurus hexazona (Bleeker 1853) -- (Parin & Bogorodsky 2011:658 [ref. 31581]). •Possible a synonym of Cheilopogon arcticeps (Günther 1866) -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:67 [ref. 36674]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

bruuni, Cypselurus Kotthaus [A.] 1969:15, Fig. 167 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 4; ref. 20666] Off Goa, India, 14°45'N, 77°54'E. Holotype: ZMH 4983 [ex IOES 78a]. Paratypes: (2) ZMH 4984 [ex IOES 78b] (1). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:415 [ref. 21161]. •Synonym of Cypselurus hexazona (Bleeker 1853) -- (Parin & Bogorodsky 2011:658 [ref. 31581] as brauni). •A member of the subgenus Poecilocypselurus -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:68 [ref. 36674]). •Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis oligolepis (Bleeker 1865) -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:16 [ref. 39123]). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

californicus, Exocoetus Cooper [J. G.] 1863:93, Fig. 20 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 3 (sig. 6); ref. 4876] Santa Catalina Island, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 8140 [ex CA State Coll. 1012]. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Exocoetus californicus Cooper 1863 -- (Herrera 1896:35 [ref. 39336] with genus as Exocaetus). •Valid as Cypselurus californicus (Cooper 1863) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:113 [ref. 9277]). •Synonym of Exocoetus pinnatibarbatus Bennett 1831, but a valid subspecies -- (Parin 1973 [ref. 7191]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831), but a valid subspecies californicus -- (Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1098 [ref. 22829], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923]). •Valid as Cheilopogon californicus (Cooper 1863) -- (De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:137 [ref. 24545]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon californicus (Cooper 1863). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

callopterus, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1866:292 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Pacific coast of Panama. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.9.23.15. •Valid as Cypselurus callopterus (Günther 1866) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:88 [ref. 22193], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1100 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:138 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:254 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:176 [ref. 24555], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2010:560 [ref. 31020], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Shakhovskoy 2018:57 [ref. 36429], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:10 [ref. 39123]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus callopterus (Günther 1866). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

caudimaculatus, Cypselurus Fowler [H. W.] 1934:328, Fig. 82 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Tutu Bay, Jolo Island vicinity, Philippines, Albatross station D.5561. Holotype: USNM 93070. Paratypes: USNM 93071 (7). Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker 1865) -- (Collette et al. 1992:6 [ref. 19410]). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

caudimaculatus, Hemiexocoetus Fowler [H. W.] 1901:294, Fig. [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 53; ref. 1358] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico, 23°N, 106°W. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7508. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Fodiator rostratus (Günther 1866) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:296 [ref. 26169]). Current status: Synonym of Fodiator rostratus (Günther 1866). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

chiliensis, Exocetus Abbott [C. C.] 1861:472 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 12 (for Oct. 1860); ref. 15622] Chile. Syntypes: ANSP 7498-99 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. Genus misspelled Exocetus. •Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S33 [ref. 25770]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

chloropterus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:109 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Indo-west Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0839 (abnormal specimen). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:183 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:11 [ref. 22813] with locality comment. •Questionably a synonym of Prognichthys brevipinnis (Valenciennes 1847). Current status: Uncertain as Prognichthys brevipinnis (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

cirriger, Exocoetus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1877:555, Pl. (figs. 1, 1a) [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1877; ref. 13950] China. Holotype (unique): ZMB 10051. Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:144 [ref. 19981]. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

cladopterus, Cypselurus Zhang [C.-G.] in Li & Zhang 2011:233 [ ref. 33809] Yuntai City, Shadong Province, China. Holotype: ASZIB [now NZMC] 20326. Type catalog: Ye et al. 2015:94 [ref. 33808]. Not seen. •Valid as Cypselurus cladopterus Zhang 2011 -- (Ye et al. 2015:94 [ref. 33808]). •Possibly a synonym of Cheilopogon doederleini (Steindachner 1887) -- (Choi et al. 2003:221, 547 [ref. 26218], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:4 [ref. 36674]). Current status: Uncertain as Cheilopogon doederleinii (Steindachner 1887). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

clariangulatus, Cypselurus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2022:47, Figs. 20-22 [Zootaxa 5117 (no. 1); ref. 39123] Vityaz Cruise 50, Station 6490, 8°18'N, 120°25'E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24452. Paratypes: CAS 81884 (1), IOM 04002 (1). •Valid as Cypselurus clariangulatus Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022. Current status: Valid as Cypselurus clariangulatus Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Sulu, Celebes and Camotes Seas, Davao Gulf and Caroline Islands. Habitat: marine.

comatus, Exocoetus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:448, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Cheilopogon comatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:943 [ref. 23897], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192]). •Valid as Cypselurus comatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:103 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:318 [ref. 23827], Monteiro et al. 1998:399 [ref. 23732], Parin 2003:1126 [ref. 27018], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2019:186 [ref. 37342], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Robertson et al. 2022:86 [ref. 39353], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus comatus (Mitchill 1815). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to Espírito Santo (Brazil), including southern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

commersonnii, Exocoetus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1803:401, 403 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] No locality. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:23 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fricke 1999:122 [ref. 24106]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

coromandelensis, Cypselurus Hornell [J.] 1923:107 [Madras Fisheries Bulletin. v. 15 (no. 4) (for 1922); ref. 13297] Coromandel Coast, southeastern India. Syntypes: (6). •Synonym of Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker 182), but a valid subspecies coromandelensis Hornell 1923 (Shakhovakoy & Parin 2013:519 [ref. 32929], Shakhovskoy 2018:51 [ref. 36429], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:352 [ref. 39717]). •Valid as Hirundichthys coromandelensis (Hornell 1923) -- (Anderson et al. 1998:22 [ref. 23611], Psomadakis et al. 2015:180 [ref. 34104], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys coromandelensis (Hornell 1923). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

crassus, Cypselurus poecilopterus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2022:8, Fig. 1C [Zootaxa 5117 (no. 1); ref. 39123] Vityaz Cruise 46, Station 6165, 37°28'N, 146°36'E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24450. Paratypes: IOM 04001 (3). •Synonym of Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes 1847), but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Taiwan and Japan [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

cribrosa, Exocoetus Kner [R.] 1867:326 [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18426] Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: ? NMW 59899. •Valid as Danichthys cribrosus (Kner 1867) -- (Paulin et al. 1989:143 [ref. 24556]). •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545], Paxton et al. 2006:730 [ref. 29073]). •Synonym of Hirundichthys rufipinnis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S40 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys rufipinnis (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

crockeri, Cypselurus Seale [A.] 1935:350, Pl. 22 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 21 (no. 27); ref. 12336] Near Rennel Island between Kungava Bay and Tuhangango, Solomon Islands. Holotype: CAS 5506 (missing). •Synonym of Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker 1865). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

cyanopterus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:97 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Bahia State, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic. Lectotype: MNHN B-0769. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-7605 (1) Rio de Janeiro. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:182 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:11 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:182 [ref. 12982]. See also Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125]. •Valid as Cypselurus cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Gibbs & Staiger 1970:449 [ref. 7741], Dor 1984:60 [ref. 29757], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Parin 1986 [ref. 6293], Robins & Ray 1986:104 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1991:215 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:81 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:318 [ref. 23827], Goren & Dor 1994:15 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:180 [ref. 27969], Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179], Monteiro et al. 1998:399 [ref. 23732], Fricke 1999:120 [ref. 24106], Nakabo 2000:561 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:561 [ref. 26001], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516]). •Valid as Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Heemstra & Parin 1986:392 [ref. 6293], Paxton et al. 1989:332 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin & Gibbs 1990:583 [ref. 16545], Parin & Belyanina 1996:755 [ref. 24664], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:944 [ref. 23897], Parin 1999:2170 [ref. 24786], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:170 [ref. 25013], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Kim et al. 2001:103 [ref. 25722], Choi et al. 2003:221, 546 [ref. 26218], Parin 2003:1121 [ref. 27018], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495] dated 1846, Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:27 [ref. 27510], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:129 [ref. 28072], Dennis et al. 2004:72 [ref. 31601], Paxton et al. 2006:725 [ref. 29073], Fricke et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:81 [ref. 31256], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:66 [ref. 32988], Pinheiro et al. 2015:9 [ref. 34324], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2138 [ref. 34602], Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273], Carneiro et al. 2019:200 [ref. 37250], Jayakumar et al. 2019:701 [ref. 37111], Parin et al. 2019:153 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:133 [ref. 38139], Kim et al. 2020:79 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:341 [ref. 37272], Ray et al. 2020:1561 [ref. 37946], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:299 [ref. 38945], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:382 [ref. 38589], Fermon et al. 2022:269 [ref. 39448], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:343 [ref. 39717], Carvalho-Filho 2023:88 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Red Sea). Habitat: marine.

doederleinii, Exocoetus Steindachner [F.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1887:294 [38] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 53 (1. abth.); ref. 4249] Fish market in Tokyo, Japan. Syntypes: (several) NMW 76300 (1). Originally as döderleinii. •Synonym of Exocoetus heterurus Rafinesque 1810, but a valid subspecies -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441] as doelderleini, Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670] in genus Cheilopogon). •Synonym of Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque 1810), but a valid subspecies doederleinii -- (Nakabo 2000:559 [ref. 25086] as doederleini, Kim et al. 2001:102 [ref. 25722], Nakabo 2002:559 [ref. 26001] as doederleini, Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256] as doederleini, Parin et al. 2014:193 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon heterurus (Rafinesque 1810), but a valid subspecies doederleinii -- (Kharin & Saveliev 2011:555 [ref. 32456]). •Valid as Cheilopogon doederleini (Steindachner 1887) -- (Choi et al. 2003:221, 547 [ref. 26218], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:4 [ref. 36674], Kim et al. 2020:79 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon doederleinii (Steindachner 1887). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

dorsomacula, Cypsilurus furcatus Fowler [H. W.] 1944:358, Fig. 116 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Southwest of Colima, Mexico [eastern Pacific], 18°00'N, 105°47'W. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70024. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. Original genus should have been spelled Cypselurus. •Valid as Cheilopogon dorsomacula (Fowler 1944) -- (Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1097 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:302 [ref. 23179], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:252 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:177 [ref. 24555], Parin 1999:2170 [ref. 24786], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:284 [ref. 28379], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Stewart & Struthers 2015:957 [ref. 34274] as ? dorsomacula, Fourriére et al. 2016:455 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:93 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon dorsomacula (Fowler 1944). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Pacific (including Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine.

dowii, Exocoetus Gill [T. N.] 1863:167 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] Western coast of Central America [Panama?]. Holotype (unique): USNM 37667. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410], Smith 2018:70 [ref. 36061]. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410]). •Questionably a synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S33 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

dussumieri, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:132, Pl. 564 [not 530] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] "Autre côte du Cap, près du tropique". Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1930. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:186 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:11 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:583 [ref. 16545]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

evolans, Exocoetus Linnaeus [C.] 1766:521 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Oceanico Hispanico [Jamaica, Caribbean Sea]; Brazil; India. Surviving syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.181 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin) Jamaica. Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:216 [ref. 13434]. Based on multiple sources, including the 'Exocoetus pinnis ventralibus brevissimis ...' of Gronow 1763:116 [ref. 1910], which is based on the 'Exocoetus pennis pectoralibus longissimis ...' of Browne 1756:442 [ref. 30188] [Jamaica], the 'Pirabebe' of Piso 1658:61 (v. 3) [ref. 30353] [Brazil], the 'Piscis alatus s(ive) Hirundo marina' of Kundmann 1726:94 [ref. 30351], the 'Mugil alatus' of Gesner 1558:Pl. 72 [ref. 30350], and the 'Boladorus' of Acosta 1596:Cap. 15 (v. 3) [ref. 30348]. •Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin 1973:263 [ref. 7191], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25013], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S33 [ref. 25770], Russell & van Oijen 2021:436 [ref. 38177]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

exsiliens, Exocoetus Linnaeus [C.] 1771:529 [Mantissa Plantarum altera; ref. 13301] Atlantic. Holotype (unique): Zool. Soc. Lond. 165 (whole, dry, poor condition). Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:40 [ref. 20705]. Original genus as Exocoethus. Also spelled exiliens by authors, which was the spelling used by Bonnaterre 1788:181 [ref. 4940] and Gmelin 1789:1400 [ref. 18139]. Spelled exisilines in Walbaum 1792:50 [ref. 4572] but corrected in emendanda (p. 720) to exsiliens. •Valid as Cypselurus exsiliens (Linnaeus 1771) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Robins & Ray 1986:104 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:81 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:318 [ref. 23827], Monteiro et al. 1998:400 [ref. 23732], Nakabo 2000:557 [ref. 25086] as exiliens, Nakabo 2002:557 [ref. 26001] as exiliens). •Valid as Cheilopogon exsiliens [sometimes as exiliens] (Linnaeus 1771) -- (Parin 1973:264 [ref. 7191], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:613 [ref. 13676], Parin 1996:304 [ref. 23179], Parin & Belyanina 1996:754 [ref. 24664], Santos et al. 1997:68 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:63 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:945 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:170 [ref. 25013], Parin 2003:1122 [ref. 27018], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:29 [ref. 37112], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2139 [ref. 34602], Carneiro et al. 2019:200 [ref. 37250], Parin et al. 2019:160 [ref. 37342], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:300 [ref. 38945], Golani 2021:32 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Carvalho-Filho 2023:88 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon exsiliens (Linnaeus 1771). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Exocetus Lesueur [C. A.] 1821:9, Pl. 4 (figs. 2 and b) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13294] Gulf Stream and in our traverse from St. Croix Island to the United States. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S33 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Uncertain as Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Exocetus Cocco [A.] 1846:750 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano Settima Riunione, Napoli; ref. 26448] Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Exocetus fasciatus Lesueur 1821. 1°Homonym. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

fernandezianus, Exocoetus Philippi [R. A.] 1895:22 [Verhandlungen des Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Santiago de Chile v. 3 (nos 1-2); ref. 20267] Juan Fernández Islands. •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831), but a valid subspecies -- (Parin 1973 [ref. 7191]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

fisunovi, Cheilopogon furcatus Parin [N. V.] & Belyanina [T. N.] 1998:594 [569] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 38 (no. 5); ref. 24104] Pacific, 18°43'S, 150°44'W. Holotype: ZIN 51716. Paratypes: without details. On p. 569 of English translation. •Synonym of Cypselurus furcatus (Mitchill 1815), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Nakabo 2000:561 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:561 [ref. 26001], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256] wrongly in Cypselurus). •Synonym of Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Motomura et al. 2010:81 [ref. 31256]). •Valid as Cypselurus fisunovi Parin & Belyanina 1998 -- (Fricke et al. 2019:77 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon fisunovi Parin & Belyanina 1998. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Tropical and warm temperate waters of the Pacific Ocean. Habitat: marine.

formosus, Cypselurus Kotthaus [A.] 1969:17, Figs. 168-169 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 4; ref. 20666] Off Goa, India, 14°45'N, 73°54'E. Holotype: ZMH 4985 [ex IOES 79a]. Paratypes: ZMH 4987 [ex IOES 79b-h] (7). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:415 [ref. 21161]. •Synonym of Cypselurus hexazona (Bleeker 1853) -- (Parin & Bogorodsky 2011:658 [ref. 31581]). •Valid as Cheilopogon formosus (Kotthaus 1969) -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:6 [ref. 36674], Jayakumar et al. 2019:701 [ref. 37111]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon formosus (Kotthaus 1969). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: western coast of India from Goa to Cochin. Habitat: marine.

frereensis, Hirundichthys oxycephalus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2013:520, 524 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 53 (no. 8); ref. 32929] 10 miles northeast of Cape Frere (southeastern Goodenough Bay), Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, ca. 9°59'20''S 150°17'E. AMS I.46300-001. However, the authors do not indicate that it is the holotype, so the name is currently unavailable according to ICZN Art. 16.4.1. •In the synonymy of Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker 1853), but a valid subspecies frereensis -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:520 [ref. 32929]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker 1853). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Papua New Guinea (if valid).

fucorum, Exocoetus Zugmayer [E.] 1911:3 [Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique (Monaco) No. 193; ref. 6161] Southwest of the Azores, northeastern Atlantic, 31°38'N, 42°38'W, station 2103, surface. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1934.12.19.23 [ex MOM] (1); MOM 0091-0901 (6, now 2). Type catalog: Belloc 1949:11 [ref. 21544]. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Zugmayer 1911:60, Pl. 2 (fig. 6) [ref. 4846]. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

fulvipes, Exonautes Ogilby [J. D.] 1908:8 [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 21; ref. 3286] Lord Howe Island. Holotype (unique): AMS I.1955. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:730 [ref. 29073]). •Synonym of Hirundichthys rufipinnis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S40 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys rufipinnis (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

furcatus, Exocoetus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:449, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] Off New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Cypselurus furcatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441], Robins & Ray 1986:104 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:307 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:128 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:82 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:318 [ref. 23827], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:180 [ref. 27969], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754]). •Valid as Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815), subspecies furcatus -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:171 [ref. 25013], Motomura et al. 2010:81 [ref. 31256], Parin et al. 2019:165 [ref. 37342]). •Valid as Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Heemstra & Parin 1986:393 [ref. 6293], Paxton et al. 1989:332 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin & Gibbs 1990:584 [ref. 16545], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1097 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:306 [ref. 23179], Arruda 1997:63 [ref. 24952], Anderson et al. 1998:22 [ref. 23611], Parin & Belyanina 1998:583 [ref. 24104], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:946 [ref. 23897], Fricke 1999:121 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2170 [ref. 24786], Parin & Belyanina 2000:162 [ref. 24894], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Parin 2003:1123 [ref. 27018], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:129 [ref. 28072], Mundy 2005:285 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:725 [ref. 29073], Fricke et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30213], Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Gomon 2008:403 [ref. 30616], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Psomadakis et al. 2015:179 [ref. 34104], Stewart & Struthers 2015:958 [ref. 34274], Pinheiro et al. 2015:9 [ref. 34324], Motomura et al. 2015:17 [ref. 34709], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2140 [ref. 34602], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Motomura et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:102 [ref. 35805], Carneiro et al. 2019:200 [ref. 37250], Jayakumar et al. 2019:701 [ref. 37111], Reiner 2019:133 [ref. 38139], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:341 [ref. 37272], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:93 [ref. 39279], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Fermon et al. 2022:269 [ref. 39448] with question, Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas (including Mediterranean Sea). Habitat: marine.

galapagensis, Cypsilurus atrisignis Fowler [H. W.] 1944:307, Fig. 114 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Abingdon Island [Pinta Island], Galápagos Islands. Holotype: ANSP 70252. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. Original genus should have been spelled Cypselurus. •Synonym of Cheilopogon atrisignis (Jenkins 1903) -- (Grove & Lavenberg 1997:251 [ref. 24023]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon atrisignis (Jenkins 1903). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

gaussianus, Exocoetus Lampe [M.] 1914:224, Pl. 11 (fig. 6) [Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903 v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 13334] Atlantic, 2°09'N, 17°38'W. Holotype: ZMB 19284. Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:144 [ref. 19981]. •Synonym of Exocoetus obtusirostris Günther 1866 -- (Parin 1973:263 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:587 [ref. 16545], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S51 [ref. 25770]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus obtusirostris Günther 1866. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

georgianus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:136 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Indian Ocean, 5°S, 90°E. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-0601. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1996-0141 [ex MNHN 0000-0601], B-0841 (1). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:187 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:11 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:187 [ref. 12982]. •Synonym of Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson 1846 -- (Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S44 [ref. 25770]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson 1846. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

georgii, Cypselurus oligolepis Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2022:32, Figs. 10-13 [Zootaxa 5117 (no. 1); ref. 39123] Ob Cruise 2, road of Suez, Red Sea, depth 12 meters. Holotype: ZMMU P-24451. Paratype: IOM 03988 (2), 03990 (3). •Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865), but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Red Sea from Suez to Bab-al-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

gibbifrons, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:118 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Atlantic. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0533. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:184 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:11 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Parexocoetus gibbifrons (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192]). •Valid as Prognichthys gibbifrons (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:105 [ref. 23100], Parin & Gibbs 1990:591 [ref. 16545], Boschung 1992:83 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:320 [ref. 23827], Monteiro et al. 1998:401 [ref. 23732], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:954 [ref. 23897], Sarkar et al. 1998:131 [ref. 24988], Parin 1999:301 [ref. 24867], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2155 [ref. 34602], Fermon et al. 2022:271 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Prognichthys gibbifrons (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

gibbosus, Exocoetus Parin [N. V.] & Shakhovskoy [I. B.] 2000:S56, Fig. 13 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (suppl. 1); ref. 25770] Tonga Islands, 20°12'S, 173°05'W. Holotype: ZIN 52026. Paratypes: SIO 61-81 (1), 63-535 (1); SMF 28115 (1); USNM 299708 (1); ZIN 52027-28 (1, 1), ZMMGU 20616-19 (3, 1, 1, 1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Exocoetus gibbosus Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000 -- (Paxton et al. 2006:728 [ref. 29073], Shakhovskoy 2011:675 [ref. 32460], Stewart & Struthers 2015:960 [ref. 34274], Lewallen et al. 2017:1753 [ref. 35395], Shakhovskoy 2018:44 [ref. 36429]). Current status: Valid as Exocoetus gibbosus Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Southwestern and southern central Pacific: 12°S-38°S Habitat: marine.

gilberti, Exonautes Snyder [J. O.] 1904:522, Pl. 7 (fig. 13) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 4149] Near 28°30'N, 140°W, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50872. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:7-8 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545]) •Valid as Hirundichthys gilberti (Snyder 1904) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S38 [ref. 28438], Mundy 2005:289 [ref. 28379], Kharin & Saveliev 2011:554 [ref. 32456], Parin et al. 2014:195 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys gilberti (Snyder 1904). Exocoetidae. Distribution: North Pacific: Kuroshio Current, Kuroshio extension, transition zone (including Hawaiian Islands), and California Current. Habitat: marine.

glaphyrae, Prognichthys Parin [N. V.] 1999:295, Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 39 (no. 3); ref. 24867] Southeastern Atlantic, 16°50'S, 26°40'W. Holotype: ZIN 51826. Paratypes: ISH 374-1953 (1); USNM 198453 (1), 249164 (1), 257623 (1), 299295 (1), 299549 (2), 299560-61 (2, 2), 299682 (1); ZIN 51827-28 (2, 1); ZMMU P-20464-67 (1, 1, 2, 1); ZMUC 34761-62 (1, 1), 334767 (1). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:73 [ref. 25714]. •Valid as Prognichthys glaphyrae Parin 1999 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:174 [ref. 25013], Parin 2003:1133 [ref. 27018], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2156 [ref. 34602], Parin et al. 2019:224 [ref. 37342], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Prognichthys glaphyrae Parin 1999. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

gregoryi, Cypselurus Pietschmann [V.] 1928:297 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 65 (no. 27); ref. 15874] Pearl and Hermes Reef, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 3475. Also appeared in Pietschmann 1930:7, Pl. 2A [ref. 16122]. •Synonym of Cheilopogon atrisignis (Jenkins 1903) -- (Mundy 2005:284 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon atrisignis (Jenkins 1903). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

gryllus, Exocoetus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:586 [146] [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: BMNH 1871.7.15.38-39 (2), MCZ 3741 (1), SMF 6960 (2), SMNS 1769 (3), ZIN 2571 (1, lost), ZMB 8056 (2). Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:144 [ref. 19981], Fricke 1992:10 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:38 [ref. 29864]. On p. 146 of separate. •Synonym of Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Dor 1984:61 [ref. 29757], Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:355 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Synonym of Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

hallbergi, Cypselurus Fowler [H. W.] 1928:705, Pl. 1 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 32 (pt 4); ref. 19311] Colombo, Sri Lanka. Holotype (unique): ANSP 51323. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

heterurus, Exocoetus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:58 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Palermo, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:35 [ref. 3595]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:35 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Cypselurus heterurus (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:614 [ref. 13676], Cervigón 1991:215 [ref. 24472], Monteiro et al. 1998:399 [ref. 23732], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:177 [ref. 24555]). •Valid as Cheilopogon heterurus (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Parin 1973:265 [ref. 7191], Paxton et al. 1989:332 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125] as heterotus, Gomon et al. 1994:385 [ref. 22532], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:137 [ref. 24545], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:171 [ref. 25013], Fricke 1999:34 [ref. 24101], Parin & Belyanina 2000:158 [ref. 24894], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26753], Parin 2003:1124 [ref. 27018], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:29 [ref. 37112], Love et al. 2005:64 [ref. 37547], Paxton et al. 2006:725 [ref. 29073], Fricke et al. 2007:68 [ref. 29533], Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:35 [ref. 36649], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Larson et al. 2013:66 [ref. 32988], Pinheiro et al. 2015:9 [ref. 34324], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2141 [ref. 34602], Fourriére et al. 2016:455 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:118 [ref. 35888], Carneiro et al. 2019:200 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:95 [ref. 36864], Iglésias et al. 2019:280 [ref. 37098], Parenti 2019:101 [ref. 37117], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674], Parin et al. 2019:170 [ref. 37342], Bariche & Fricke 2020:42 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:63 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:32 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:93 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon heterurus (Rafinesque 1810). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

hewitti, Cypselurus Smith [J. L. B.] 1935:181 [Records of the Albany Museum Grahamstown v. 4; ref. 4066] Port Alfred, South Africa, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 28 [ex AMG]. •Possible synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Heemstra & Parin 1986:392 [ref. 6293]). Current status: Uncertain as Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

hexazona, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1853:206 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 16909] Muntok, Bangka, ca. 2°S, 106°E, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Possible holotype: RMNH 6973. •Dubious species -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:67 [ref. 36674]). •Valid as Cypselurus hexazona (Bleeker 1853) -- (Parin 1996:301 [ref. 23179], Parin 1999:2174 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Paxton et al. 2006:728 [ref. 29073], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Parin & Bogorodsiy 2011:658 [ref. 31581] once as hexagona, Larson et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32988], Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:77 [ref. 36673], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:348 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus hexazona (Bleeker 1853). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Micronesia, north to southern Japan, south to southeastern Australia. Habitat: marine.

hillianus, Exocoetus Gosse [P. H.] 1851:11, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [A naturalist's sojourn in Jamaica; ref. 18149] Jamaica. No types known. •Valid as Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846), subspecies hillianus (Gosse 1851) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:174 [ref. 25013]). •Valid as Parexocoetus hillianus (Gosse 1851) -- (Parin 2003:1132 [ref. 27018], Pinheiro et al. 2015:10 [ref. 34324], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2154 [ref. 34602], Parin et al. 2019:219 [ref. 37342], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:306 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:271 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:88 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Parexocoetus hillianus (Gosse 1851). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: northeastern Florida (U.S.A.) and Bahamas south to São Paulo (Brazil); eastern Atlantic: Guinea south to Angola. Habitat: marine.

hiraii, Cypselurus opisthopus Abe [T.] in Tomiyama & Abe 1953:962, Pl. 191 (figs. 523-524) [Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan v. 49; ref. 12631] Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 47765. Paratypes: (227) ZUMT (21 + 25). •Valid as Cypselurus hiraii Abe 1953 -- (Sheiko 1983:18 [ref. 37041], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:559 [ref. 25086], Kim et al. 2001:107 [ref. 25722], Nakabo 2002:559 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:221, 547 [ref. 26218], Kharin & Saveliev 2011:555 [ref. 32456], Parin et al. 2014:194 [ref. 33547], Kim et al. 2020:79 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus hiraii Abe 1953. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

hirundo, Exocoetus Steindachner [F.] 1866:482, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 5030] Hong Kong, China. Holotype (unique): NMW 76603. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

holubii, Exocoetus Steindachner [F.] 1881:54 [38] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 44 (no. 1); ref. 13333] West Africa at the Equator. Holotype (unique): NMW 76604. Species not included in earlier abstract [ref. 20482]. On p. 38 of separate. •Synonym of Exocoetus obtusirostris Günther 1866 -- (Parin 1973:263 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:587 [ref. 16545], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S51 [ref. 25770]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus obtusirostris Günther 1866. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

hubbsi, Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) heterurus Parin [N. V.] 1961:85 [36] [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 43; ref. 9508] Pacific, 24°58'N, 117°49'W, "Vityaz" station 4261. Holotype: ZIN 36809 (278 mm SL; table 15). Paratypes: "Vityaz" cruise (1, 8, 2, 5, 4, 1). On p. 36 of separate. The original genus was incorrectly given as Cypselurus when it should have been Cheilopogon (as in table 15). •Valid as Cypselurus hubbsi Parin 1961 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:114 [ref. 9277]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon heterurus (Rafinesque 1810), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1098 [ref. 22829]). •Valid as Cheilopogon hubbsi Parin 1961 -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon hubbsi Parin 1961. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

hyperistius, Cypselurus Fowler [H. W.] 1919:12, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 71; ref. 1397] St. Martin Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7485. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:590 [ref. 16545], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:118 [ref. 32656]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

ilma, Exocoetus Clarke [F. E.] 1899:94, Pl. 6 [Transactions of the New Zealand Institute v. 31 (art. 9) (for 1898); ref. 14712] 80 to 100 miles due west of New Zealand. No types known. •Status uncertain, close to Hirundichthys albimaculatus (Fowler 1934) -- (Stewart & Struthers 2016:954 [ref. 34274]). Exocoetidae. Distribution: New Zealand [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

indicus, Hirundichthys indicus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2013:133, Fig. 9c [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 53 (no. 2); ref. 32656] Indian Ocean, 8°51'S, 41°52'E, dip net. Holotype: ZMUU 23058. Paratypes: ZMUC 9°20'S, 49°27'E (1); IORAS 03050 (1), 03053 (1). 03020 (1), 03223 (1). Plus non-type specimens. This species was described on p. 133, incorporating subspecies indicus and orientalis; however there was no holotype established for indicus. We date the species to subspecies indicus and orientalis. •Valid as Hirundichthys indicus Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013, subspecies indicus Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013 -- (Psomadakis et al. 2015:180 [ref. 34104], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:352 [ref. 39717]). •Valid as Hirundichthys indicus Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013 -- (Shakhovskoy 2018:49 [ref. 36429], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys indicus Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western and central Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

intermedius, Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) Parin [N. V.] 1961:74 [27], Fig. 13 [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 43; ref. 9508] 6°15'S, 153°44'E, "Vityaz" station 3663. Holotype: ZIN 36806 (208 mm SL; table 12). Paratypes: "Vityaz" cruise (2, 19, 2, 1, 3, 1, 1, 16, 1) not at ZIN. On p. 27 of English translation. •Valid as Cheilopogon intermedius Parin 1961 -- (Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179], Parin 1999:2171 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Paxton et al. 2006:726 [ref. 29073], Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674], Jayakumar et al. 2019:701 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:342 [ref. 37272], Ray et al. 2020:1560 [ref. 37946], Mohanty et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38692], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:344 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon intermedius Parin 1961. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: west coast of India east to Palau and Solomon Islands, north to Thailand and Philippines, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

izumii, Cypselurus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2022:45, Fig. 19 [Zootaxa 5117 (no. 1); ref. 39123] Shoyo Maru Station 16, 20°01'S, 115°00'E. Holotype: IOM 03995. Paratypes: IOM. •Valid as Cypselurus izumii Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022. Current status: Valid as Cypselurus izumii Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: southwest Australia. Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Exocoetus lineatus Franz [V.] 1910:24 [Abhandlungen der math.-phys. Klasse der K. Bayer Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 4 (Suppl.) (no. 1); ref. 1481] Oyama, Sagami Bay, Japan. Syntypes: ZSM [old collection] (3) destroyed in WW II. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:275 [ref. 28925]. •Synonym of Exocoetus pinnatibarbatus Bennett 1831, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Parin 1973 [ref. 7191]). •Synonym of Cypselurus pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Kido in Amaoka et al. 1983:99, 188 [ref. 8379], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:558 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:558 [ref. 26001], Kim et al. 2020:79 [ref. 39118], Motomura et al. 2010:81 [ref. 31256], Parin et al. 2014:194 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (authors). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

javanicus, Exocetus van Hasselt [J. C.] 1823:131 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. No types known. Original genus should have been Exocoetus. Also in van Hasselt 1824:375 [ref. 5964]. Regarded as available -- (see Alfred 1961:85 [ref. 20553], Kottelat 1987:370 [ref. 5962]). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

katherinae, Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2019:46, Figs. 20-21 [Zootaxa 4589 (no. 1); ref. 36674] R/V "Vityaz", Cruise 61, Sta. 7630, 19°39'N, 38°45'E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24081. Paratypes: IORAS 03434 (3). •Valid as Cheilopogon katherinae Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019. Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon katherinae Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Red Sea (endemic). Habitat: marine.

katoptron, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1865:115 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 418] Sibogha, western Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype or Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1866.5.2.36 (1). •Valid as Cypselurus katoptron (Bleeker 1865) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Parin 1996:302 [ref. 23179], Chen et al. 1997:27 [ref. 26476] dated 1855). •Valid as Cheilopogon katoptron (Bleeker 1865) -- (Parin 1999:2171 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Mundy 2005:285 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:726 [ref. 29073], Motomura et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35490]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon katoptron (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia to Philippines, northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

kuag, Exocoetus Montrouzier [X.] 1857:483 [205] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 205 of reprint. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

lamellifer, Exocoetus Kner [R.] & Steindachner [F.] 1867:384 [29], Pl. 2 (fig. 11) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 54 (pt 3); ref. 2640] South Atlantic: 12°S, 33°W (west by south from Ascension Island). Holotype (unique): NMW 20603. Non-types: BMNH 1869.11.12.56 (1), MGH 2166 (1). On p. 29 of separate. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:265 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545]). •Synonym of Hirundichthys rufipinnis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S40 [ref. 28438], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys rufipinnis (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

lineatus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:92 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Gorée, Senegal. Lectotype: MNHN A-7604. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1996-0231 (1, dry), 1996-0232 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:181 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:12 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:181 [ref. 12982]. •Valid as Cypselurus lineatus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:143 [ref. 24556]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Parin 1973:264 [ref. 7191], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:615 [ref. 13676], Parin & Gibbs 1990:586 [ref. 16545], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2145 [ref. 34602]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

littoralis, Parexocoetus brachypterus Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1938:22, Figs. 10-12 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 6 (art. 5); ref. 17133] Diamond Shoal Lightship, western Atlantic. Holotype: YPM 1567 (126 mm SL). Paratypes: YPM 116 (1), 118 (1), 158 (2), 1567 (1, with holotype); USBF (12). Additional material: AMNH, NYZS, USBF, USNM •Synonym of Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846), subspecies hillianus (Gosse 1851) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:174 [ref. 25013]). •Synonym of Parexocoetus hillianus (Gosse 1851) -- (Parin 2003:1132 [ref. 27018]). Current status: Synonym of Parexocoetus hillianus (Gosse 1851). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

longibarba, Exocaetus De Vis [C. W.] 1884:454 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 4); ref. 1089] New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Original genus should have been Exocoetus. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

longibarbus, Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) Parin [N. V.] 1961:78 [29], Fig. 14 [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 43; ref. 9508] 7°29'S, 152°44'E, "Vityaz" sta 3656. Holotype: ZIN 36807 (247 mm SL; table 13). Paratypes: "Vityaz" cruise (1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1) not at ZIN. On p. 29 of English translation. •Valid as Cypselurus longibarbus (Parin 1961) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441], Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Motomura et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35490]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

longipinnis, Exocoetus Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:64 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Agulhas Bank, South Africa, southeastern Atlantic. No types known. •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831), subspecies altipennis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Heemstra & Parin 1986:393 [ref. 6293]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

lutkeni, Exocoetus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1896:736 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2443] Cape San Antonio, California, U.S.A. (not Cuba). Holotype (unique): ANSP 7502. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Exocoetus melanurus Valenciennes 1847 -- (Gibbs & Staiger 1970 [ref. 7741]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon melanurus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:584 [ref. 16545], Parin & Belyanina 2000:158 [ref. 24894], Parin 2003:1125 [ref. 27018], Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2142 [ref. 34602]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon melanurus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

maculipinnis, Exocoetus Vinciguerra [D.] 1883:577, Pl. 1 (fig. 6) [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova v. 18; ref. 13336] Tunis, Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MSNG 13998. Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:312 [ref. 10351]. •Synonym of Cheilopogon heterurus (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Parin 1973:265 [ref. 7191], Parin & Belyanina 2000:158 [ref. 24894]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon heterurus (Rafinesque 1810). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

marginatus, Exonautes Nichols [J. T.] & Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1928:429, Figs. 165, 174 [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 8 (no. 7); ref. 13298] Eastern Pacific, east of Galápagos Islands, 2°36'-2°08'N, 85°01'-86°31'W. Holotype: AMNH 9234 [ex NYZS]. Paratypes: AMNH 13489 (2), 13500 (2), 13506 (5). Type catalog: Mead 1958:132 [ref. 20648]. •Valid as Hirundichthys marginatus (Nichols & Breder 1928) -- (Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1102 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:137 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:254 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:180 [ref. 24555], Parin & Belyanina 2002:S28 [ref. 28438], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:117 [ref. 32656], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys marginatus (Nichols & Breder 1928). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

marisrubri, Cheilopogon (Amustotrogon) Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2019:30, Figs. 11, 13-14 [Zootaxa 4589 (no. 1); ref. 36674] R/V "Vityaz", Cruise 33, Sta. 4781, Sample 13, 14°05'N, 42°20'E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24080. Paratypes: IORAS. •Valid as Cheilopogon marisrubri Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019. Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon marisrubri Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Red Sea (endemic). Habitat: marine.

melanocercus, Exocoetus Ogilby [J. D.] 1885:123 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 10 (pt 2); ref. 3262] Middle Harbor, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS B.5965. •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:332 [ref. 12442]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831), but a valid subspecies melanocercus (Ogilby 1885) -- (Parin 1973 [ref. 7191], Paulin et al. 1989:143 [ref. 24556], Gomon et al. 1994:386 [ref. 22532], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Paxton et al. 2006:726 [ref. 29073], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:111 [ref. 36167]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

melanogeneion, Ptenonotus Pietschmann [V.] 1928:298 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 65 (no. 27); ref. 15874] Kona, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 3481. Also appeared as new in Pietschmann 1930:8, Pl. 2B [ref. 16121]. •Synonym of Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846) -- (Mundy 2005:290 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson 1846). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

melanopus, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1868:459 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6); ref. 1993] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1868.2.29.54. •Synonym of Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson 1846 -- (Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S44 [ref. 25770]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson 1846. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

melanurus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:101 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] New York, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-7603. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:182 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:12 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Cypselurus melanurus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Gibbs & Staiger 1970:452 [ref. 7741], Robins & Ray 1986:104 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:308 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:128 [ref. 14674], Cervigón 1991:216 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:82 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:318 [ref. 23827], Monteiro et al. 1998:399 [ref. 23732], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Parin 2003:1125 [ref. 27018], Wirtz et al. 2007:27 [ref. 30263], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Cheilopogon melanurus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:584 [ref. 16545], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:947 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:70 [ref. 25466], Parin & Belyanina 2000:158 [ref. 24894], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:291 [ref. 26158], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2142 [ref. 34602], Marceniuk et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35324], Reiner 2019:134 [ref. 38139], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:301 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:269 [ref. 39448], Robertson et al. 2022:86 [ref. 39353], Carvalho-Filho 2023:88 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon melanurus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Brunswick (Canada) south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil); eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Liberia, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

mento, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:124 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Puducherry, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3410. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:185 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:12 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847), subspecies mento (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Nakabo 2000:554 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:554 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Fricke et al. 2007:69 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:35 [ref. 36649], Larson et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:38 [ref. 33932], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[20] 258 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:41 [ref. 36273], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:67 [ref. 36460], Artüz & Fricke 2019:555 [ref. 36612], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:95 [ref. 36864], Eagderi et al. 2019:23 [ref. 37020], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111]). •Valid as Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Dor 1984:61 [ref. 29757], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:619 [ref. 13676], Heemstra & Parin 1986:395 [ref. 6293], Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Goren & Dor 1994:15 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:91 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:181 [ref. 27969], Parin 1996:301 [ref. 23179], Carpenter et al. 1997:129 [ref. 23922], Golani 1998:97 [ref. 27567] as Paraexocoetus, Parin 1999:2178 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Avsar & Cicek 2000:90 [ref. 25539], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Kim et al. 2001:101 [ref. 25722], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:62 [ref. 26753], Choi et al. 2003:221, 548 [ref. 26218], Golani 2005:30 [ref. 37112], Paxton et al. 2006:731 [ref. 29073] with subspecies mentioned, Yoshida et al. 2013:61 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673], Bariche & Fricke 2020:118 [ref. 37515], Falautano et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37889], Gladston et al. 2020:17033 [ref. 37891], Kim et al. 2020:79 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:47 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:346 [ref. 37272], Ray et al. 2020:1563 [ref. 37946], Golani 2021:32 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:355 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern Korea and southern Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

mesogaster, Exocoetus Bloch [M. E.] 1795:17, Pl. 399 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 9; ref. 464] Indian Ocean. Lectotype: ZMB 2894. Paralectotypes: ZMB 33077 [ex ZMB 2894] (1) Indian Ocean. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:80 [ref. 24282]. On p. 12 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 12 [ref. 21381]. Based on Plumier manuscript with West Indies locality and on 2 specimens from the Indian Ocean. •Believed to be a senior synonym of Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Paepke 1999:80 [ref. 24282]). •Valid as Exocoetus mesogaster Bloch 1795 -- (Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565]). Current status: Valid as Exocoetus mesogaster Bloch 1795. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

mesogaster, Halocypselus Weinland [D. F.] 1858 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 6 (1856-1859); ref. 4615] Coast of North America. No types known. •Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S33 [ref. 25770]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

milleri, Cypselurus Gibbs [R. H., Jr.] & Staiger [J. C.] 1970:437, Figs. 1-2 [Studies in Tropical Oceanography (Miami) No. 4 (pt 2); ref. 7741] Free Port harbor area, Monrovia, Liberia. Holotype: USNM 193732. Paratypes: IFAN 50-123 (1); IRSNB 561-562 (1, 1); MNHN 1985-0049 (1); UF 216924 [ex UMML 16924] (1), 224449 [ex UMML 24449] (1), 224830 [ex UMML 24830] (1); USNM 193707 (3), 203088-93 (1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2), 203472 (1), 203648-49 (4, 1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:22 [ref. 20755], Collette et al. 1992:6-7 [ref. 19410], Collette et al. 1997:14 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Cheilopogon milleri (Gibbs & Staiger 1970) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:585 [ref. 16545], Parin & Belyanina 1996:755, 758 [ref. 24664], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2143 [ref. 34602], Reiner 2019:134 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:270 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon milleri (Gibbs & Staiger 1970). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Guinea south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

minos, Cypselurus Nichols [J. T.] & Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1930:1, Fig. 2 [American Museum Novitates No. 428; ref. 13335] Mindelo, St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands, eastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): CMNH 72. •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Parin 1973:264 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:586 [ref. 16545]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

monocirrhus, Exocaetus Richardson [J.] 1846:265 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Sea of China, western North Pacific. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Original genus should have been Exocoetus. •Valid as Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson 1846 -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Parin 1986:394 [ref. 6293], Paxton et al. 1989:333 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1100 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:301 [ref. 23179], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:137 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:249 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:176 [ref. 24555], Fricke 1999:122 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2176 [ref. 24786], Nakabo 2000:553 [ref. 25086], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S44 [ref. 25770], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:553 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:288 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:729 [ref. 29073], Fricke et al. 2009:31 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Kharin & Saveliev 2011:554 [ref. 32456] as monochirus in key, Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Larson et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32988], Parin et al. 2014:194 [ref. 33547], Psomadakis et al. 2015:179 [ref. 34104], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Lewallen et al. 2017:1753 [ref. 35395], Fricke et al. 2018:103 [ref. 35805], Shakhovskoy 2018:43 [ref. 36429], Fricke et al. 2019:77 [ref. 36673], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:344 [ref. 37272], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:350 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson 1846. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Southern-central Atlantic: Saint Helena; Indo-Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia; eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

monroei, Cypselurus Nichols [J. T.] & Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1928:432, Fig. 167 [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 8 (no. 7); ref. 13298] Coconut Grove, Miami, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): AMNH 8678. •Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:583 [ref. 16545]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

multimaculatus, Cypselurus Kotthaus [A.] 1969 [Meteor Forschungsergebnisse. Reihe D, Biologie No. 4; ref. 20666] Not available, appeared as name only under Cypselurus katoptron; apparently applies to account of "Cypseulurs ?atrisignis" on p. 13, but connection not precise. Nomen Nudum. Exocoetidae.

naresii, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1889:36, Pl. 1 (fig. A) [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 31 (pt 78); ref. 2017] Between Fiji and Vanuatu. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1889.7.20.9. •Valid as Cypselurus naresii (Günther 1889) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin 1996:302 [ref. 23179], Fricke 1999:121 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2174 [ref. 24786], Nakabo 2000:560 [ref. 25086], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:560 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Fricke et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Yoshida et al. 2013:60 [ref. 34464], Motomura et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:103 [ref. 35805], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:343 [ref. 37272], Ray et al. 2020:1562 [ref. 37946] as naressi, Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:348 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus naresii (Günther 1889). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marquesas Islands (Frnch Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji. Habitat: marine.

neglectus, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1865:112 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 418] Priaman, Sumatra, Indonesia; Singapore; Labuka, Batjan. Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.34. Paralectotypes: ?RMNH 6975 (2). Lectotype selected by Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:64 [ref. 39123]. •Valid as Cypselurus neglectus (Bleeker 1865) -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:67 [ref. 39123]) Current status: Valid as Cypselurus neglectus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: western coast of India to Melanesia and from Tonkin Bay to southern Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

neimani, Cheilopogon furcatus Parin [N. V.] & Belyanina [T. N.] 1998:593 [569] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 38 (no. 5); ref. 24104] Indian Ocean, 11°58'N, 64°58'E. Holotype: ZIN 51715. Paratypes: without details. On p. 569 of English translation. •Synonym of Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:344 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean (this subspecies). Habitat: marine.

nigricans, Exocaetus Bennett [F. D.] 1840:287 [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] Off Baia dos Tigres, Angola [southeastern Atlantic]. Neotype: USNM 204626 [ex UF-TABL 68-244]. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410]. Correct spelling of original genus is Exocoetus. Neotype designated by Gibbs & Staiger 1970:448 [ref. 7741]. •Valid as Cypselurus nigricans (Bennett 1840) -- (Reiner 2019:135 [ref. 38139]). •Valid as Cheilopogon nigricans (Bennett 1840) -- (Heemstra & Parin 1986:393 [ref. 6293], Paxton et al. 1989:332 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin & Gibbs 1990:585 [ref. 16545], Parin 1996:304 [ref. 23179], Parin & Belyanina 1996:755, 758 [ref. 24664], Fricke 1999:121 [ref. 24106], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Fricke et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30213], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2144 [ref. 34602], Brown et al. 2019:165 [ref. 36444], Fricke et al. 2019:77 [ref. 36673], Fermon et al. 2022:270 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon nigricans (Bennett 1840). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas, but not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

nigripennis, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:108 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Da Nang [Tourane], Vietnam, South China Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0827. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:183 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:12 [ref. 22813]. Spelled nigripinnis on p. xiii. •Synonym of Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:590 [ref. 16545], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:118 [ref. 32656]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

nonsuchae, Exonautes Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1932:112 [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 13 (no. 5); ref. 9330] Near shore of St. David's Island, Bermuda. Holotype (unique): USNM 170912 [ex NYZS 9983]. Type catalog: Mead 1958:132 [ref. 20648], Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:590 [ref. 16545]). •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:173 [ref. 25013]). •Synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S33 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

nossibe, Cypselurus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2022:83, Figs. 33-36 [Zootaxa 5117 (no. 1); ref. 39123] Akademik Kurchatov Cruise 36, Nossi-Be Island, Madagascar. Holotype: ZMMU 24454. Paratypes: USNM 294610 (1), 294611 (1), ZMUC P.34942 (1). •Valid as Cypselurus nossibe Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022. Current status: Valid as Cypselurus nossibe Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: from Kenya to Tanzania and from Madagascar to the Amirante Islands. Habitat: marine.

noveboracensis, Exocoetus Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:323 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 5, art. 1); ref. 30214] Near New York City, New York, U.S.A., from Atlantic. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Figured but not described in Mitchill 1815: Pl. 5 (fig. 3) [ref. 13292]. •Nomen dubium; possible synonym for Exocoetus melanurus Valenciennes 1847, Exocoetus furcatus Mitchill 1815, or not an exocoetid at all -- (Gibbs & Staiger 1970 [ref. 7741]). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

nuttallii, Exocetus Lesueur [C. A.] 1821:10, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 13294] Gulf of Mexico. No types known. •Nomen dubium; possible synonym for Exocoetus furcatus Mitchill 1815, Exocoetus melanurus Valenciennes 1847, or Exocoetus exsiliens Linnaeus 1771 -- (Gibbs & Staiger 1970:457 [ref. 7741]). •Possible synonym of Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:584 [ref. 16545]). Current status: Uncertain as Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill 1815). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

obtusirostris, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1866:283 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Cape Verde Islands; New Orleans, Louisiana; India and the open sea [evidently not this species]. Syntypes: (13+) BMNH 1845.3.19.139-141 (3), 1845.6.21.14 (1), 1845.11.9.95 (1) New Orleans, 1849.9.22.6 (1) (India), 1862.8.14.48 (1) open sea, 1864.4.18.2 (1), 1864.6.6.51 (1) Cape Verde Is., 1865.1.17.9-10 (2), 1866.4.10.2 (1). The description was evidently based on the specimen from the Cape Verde Islands (BMNH 1864.6.6.51) which Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S51 [ref. 25770] regarded as the holotype, but it is correctly regarded as the described syntype as no holotype was established in the original description. •Valid as Exocoetus obtusirostris Günther 1866 -- (Parin 1973:263 [ref. 7191], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:616 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:103 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:333 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:143 [ref. 24556], Parin & Gibbs 1990:587 [ref. 16545], Cervigón 1991:214 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:82 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:319 [ref. 23827], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1100 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:301 [ref. 23179], Santos et al. 1997:68 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:63 [ref. 24952], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:948 [ref. 23897], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:176 [ref. 24555], Porteiro et al. 1999:41 [ref. 24203], Parin 1999:2176 [ref. 24786], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25013], Randall 1999:8 [ref. 25829], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S51 [ref. 25770], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:176 [ref. 26753], Parin 2003:1127 [ref. 27018], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Dennis et al. 2004:73 [ref. 31601], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:35 [ref. 36649], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2146 [ref. 34602], Lewallen et al. 2017:1753 [ref. 35395], Shakhovskoy 2018:44 [ref. 36429], Brown et al. 2019:165 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:201 [ref. 37250], Parin et al. 2019:191 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:136 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2020:47 [ref. 37519], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:270 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:88 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Exocoetus obtusirostris Günther 1866. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Atlantic: north to 41°N, south to 40°30'S (including Mediterranean Sea). Habitat: marine.

occidentalis, Prognichthys Parin [N. V.] 1999:297, Fig. 3 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 39 (no. 3); ref. 24867] Gulf of Mexico, 22°30"N, 91°24'W. Holotype: ZIN 51829. Paratypes: USNM 159040 (1), 185863 (1), 185882 (1), 198441 [not 196441] (1), 200849 (2), 299603 (1); ZIN 51830-31 (8, 1); ZMMU P-20468-69 (1, 1). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:73 [ref. 25714]. •Valid as Prognichthys occidentalis Parin 1999 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:174 [ref. 25013], Collette et al. 2003:102 [ref. 26784], Parin 2003:1134 [ref. 27018], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Dennis et al. 2004:73 [ref. 31601], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2019:228 [ref. 37342], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Prognichthys occidentalis Parin 1999. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Argentina. Habitat: marine.

ogilbyi, Cypsilurus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] in Jordan & Dickerson 1908:604, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 34 (no. 1625); ref. 2438] West of Walpole Island, Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 20451 [not USNM 62229]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:52 [ref. 12291]. Original genus should have been spelled Cypselurus. •Synonym of Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:322 [ref. 28867]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

olgae, Cheilopogon (Ptenichthys) Parin [N. V.] 2009:271, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 49 (no. 3); ref. 30171] 34°05'S, 114°17'E, Western Australia, Australia (under light at night at surface). Holotype: ZMUU 22161 [ex FRSKU 112198]. Paratypes: IO RAS 2726 (3). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Cheilopogon olgae Parin 2009 -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon olgae Parin 2009. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

oligolepis, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1865:109 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 418] East Indian Archipelago: Singapore, Jakarta, Java, Boleling, Bali, Sumatra (Makassar), Sulawesi, Labuha, Batjan, Neira, Banda Islands. Lectotype: BMNH 1866.5.2.31. Paralectotypes: (17) ?AMS I.57 (1), ?AMS I.58 (1), ?RMNH 12054 (8), SMNS 12817 [ex ZIH 305] (1). Type catalog: Fricke 1992:10 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:38 [ref. 29864] Lectotype selected by Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:18 [ref. 39123]. •Valid as Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865) -- (Goren & Dor 1994:15 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:90 [ref. 22896], Parin 1996:302 [ref. 23179], Carpenter et al. 1997:129 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:27 [ref. 26476], Parin 1999:2174 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Larson et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:38 [ref. 33932], Ali et al. 2018:315 [ref. 36183], Matsunuma in Kimura et al. 2018:67 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:22 [ref. 37020], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:343 [ref. 37272], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:349 [ref. 39717], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:16 [ref. 39123]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen) and Comoros east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Vietnam and southern China, south to northwestern Australia. Habitat: marine.

olpar, Cypselurus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2019:59, Figs. 26F-G, 28, 29 [Zootaxa 4589 (no. 1); ref. 36674] Australia, 20°00'S, 117°04'E. Holotype: IORAS 03436 [ex FRSKU 113897]. Paratypes: AMS, IORAS, USNM. •Valid as Cypselurus olpar Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019. Current status: Valid as Cypselurus olpar Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Australian coast: from Dampier Archipelago to the tropic of Capricorn on the east coast. Habitat: marine.

opisthopus, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1865:121 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 418] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ?BMNH 1866.5.2.32. •Valid as Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker 1865) -- (Parin 1996:302 [ref. 23179], Parin 1999:2175 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Fricke et al. 2014:38 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:77 [ref. 36673], Jayakumar et al. 2019:700 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:344 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: southern India east to Philippines and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

orbignianus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:131 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Montevideo, Uruguay. No types known. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:23 [ref. 22813]. •Questionably a synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Current status: Uncertain as Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

orientalis, Hirundichthys indicus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2013:141, Fig. 9a [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 53 (no. 2); ref. 32656] Indian Ocean. 11°57S, 109°40'E, dip net. Holotype: ZUMM 23059. Paratypes: IORAS 03064 (1); SIO 61-537 (1), 61-724 (1); ZMUC P.34828 (1), 34819 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Synonym of Hirundichthys indicus but a valid subspecies orientalis Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013 -- (Shakhovskoy 2018:49 [ref. 36429]). •Valid as Hirundichthys orientalis Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013. Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys orientalis Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

oxycephalus, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1853:771 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 335] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia; New Guinea. Syntypes: (3) ?AMS I.58 (1) Macassar, BMNH 2012.11.8.3 (1) Bleeker Coll., MNHN B-0837 (1) Jakarta. •Valid as Cypselurus oxycephalus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Allen 2000:85 [ref. 37268]). •Valid as Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker 1853) subsepcies oxycephalus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Shakhovskoy 2018:49 [ref. 36429]). •Valid as Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Randall 1995:90 [ref. 22896], Parin 1996:306 [ref. 23179], Parin 1999:2177 [ref. 24786], Johnson 1999:724 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:555 [ref. 25086], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:97 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Kim et al. 2001:104 [ref. 25722], Nakabo 2002:555 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:221, 548 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Mundy 2005:289 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:729 [ref. 29073], Kharin & Saveliev 2011:551 [ref. 32456], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:522 [ref. 32929], Parin et al. 2014:195 [ref. 33547], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Koeda et al. 2016:14 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:66 [ref. 35490], Shakhovskoy 2018:49 [ref. 36429], Fricke et al. 2019:78 [ref. 36673], Kim et al. 2020:79 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:345 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37637], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:8 [ref. 39607]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker 1853). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Myanmar; Christmas Island and western Indonesia east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), south to Solomon Islands. Habitat: marine.

pacificus, Fodiator acutus Bruun [A. F.] 1933:378 [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn v. 94; ref. 16474] Panama Bay, eastern Pacific, 8°24'N, 79°23'W. Holotype (unique): ZMUC P342294. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:54 [ref. 9588]. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

papilio, Parexocoetus Clark [H. W.] 1936:384 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 21 (no. 29); ref. 839] Braxilito Bay, Costa Rica. Holotype: CAS 5226 (missing). Paratypes: CAS 5496 (3, missing). •Valid as Cheilopogon papilio (Clark 1936) -- (Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1098 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:137 [ref. 24545], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:64 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:93 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon papilio (Clark 1936). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Costa Rica, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

parrae, Exocoetus Poey [F.] 1868:385 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3505] Between Hispaniola and Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:583 [ref. 16545]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

persicus, Cypselurus oligolepis Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2022:29, Fig. 9 [Zootaxa 5117 (no. 1); ref. 39123] Ras Tanura, West Pier, Persian Gulf, Saudi Arabia, 25°21'N, 58°12'E. Holotype: USNM 147840. Paratype: MTUF P-20074 (1). •Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865), but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

peruvianus, Exocoetus Parin [N. V.] & Shakhovskoy [I. B.] 2000:S58, Fig. 14 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 40 (suppl. 1); ref. 25770] Peru, southeastern Pacific, 8°01'S, 82°30'W, surface. Holotype: ZIN 52029. Paratypes: USNM uncat. (1); ZIN 52030 (1); ZMMGU 20620 (2), 20621 (6). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Exocoetus peruvianus Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000 -- (Lewallen et al. 2017:1753 [ref. 35395], Shakhovskoy 2018:44 [ref. 36429]). Current status: Valid as Exocoetus peruvianus Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Peru south to off northern Chile. Habitat: marine.

pinnatibarbatus, Exocoetus Bennett [E. T.] 1831:146 [Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London 1830-31 (pt 1); ref. 5778] Atlantic coast of northern Africa. No types known. •Valid as Cypselurus pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Gibbs & Staiger 1970:457 [ref. 7741], Kido in Amaoka et al. 1983:99, 188 [ref. 8379]). •Valid as Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831), but a valid subspecies pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Kharin & Saveliev 2011:555 [ref. 32456], Bañón & Maño 2021:63 [ref. 38883]). •Valid as Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Parin 1973:264 [ref. 7191], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:615 [ref. 13676], Paxton et al. 1989:332 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:143 [ref. 24556], Parin & Gibbs 1990:586 [ref. 16545], Gomon et al. 1994:386 [ref. 22532], Andrew et al. 1995:14 [ref. 38009], Santos et al. 1997:68 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:63 [ref. 24952], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25466], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547], Paxton et al. 2006:726 [ref. 29073], Wirtz et al. 2007:27 [ref. 30263], Gomon 2008:404 [ref. 30616], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516], Stewart & Struthers 2015:959 [ref. 34274], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2145 [ref. 34602], Kells et al. 2016:118 [ref. 35888], Fricke et al. 2018:103 [ref. 35805], Brown et al. 2019:165 [ref. 36444], Burton & Lea 2019:54 [ref. 37205], Carneiro et al. 2019:200 [ref. 37250], Parin et al. 2019:180 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:135 [ref. 38139], Love et al. 2021:93 [ref. 39279], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas, but not in eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

pitcairnensis, Cypselurus Nichols [J. T.] & Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1935:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 821; ref. 13296] Pitcairn Island, South Pacific. Holotype: AMNH 12983. Paratypes: AMNH 13293 (4). •Valid as Cypselurus pitcairnensis Nichols & Breder 1935 -- (Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125], Parin 1996:306 [ref. 23179], Randall 1999:8 [ref. 25829]). •Valid as Cheilopogon pitcairnensis (Nichols & Breder 1935) -- (Parin 1999:2171 [ref. 24786], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon pitcairnensis (Nichols & Breder 1935). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Pacific. Habitat: marine.

poecilopterus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:112, Pl. 561 [not 527] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, Bismarck Sea, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0835. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:184 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:12 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:333 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Fricke 1999:121 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2175 [ref. 24786], Allen 2000:85 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:556 [ref. 25086], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Shimizu 2001:23 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Kim et al. 2001:107 [ref. 25722], Nakabo 2002:556 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:221, 547 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Mundy 2005:287 [ref. 28379], Fricke et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30213], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2010:559 [ref. 31020], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Larson et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:61 [ref. 34464], Shakhovskoy 2018:56 [ref. 36429], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:344 [ref. 37272], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:349 [ref. 39717], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:5 and ?94 [ref. 39123]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Atoll and Johnston Atoll, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to North-West Cape (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

polleni, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1865:130 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 13341] Atlantic, 4°04'S, 32°44'W. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6974. •Synonym of Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:590 [ref. 16545], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:118 [ref. 32656]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

polyethmus, Cypselurus Fowler [H. W.] 1919:10, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 71; ref. 1397] Atlantic. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7493. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545]). •Synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S33 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

praecox, Hirundichthys speculiger Whitley [G. P.] 1937:218 [Australian Zoologist v. 8 (pt 4); ref. 4690] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.4050. •Synonym of Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:730 [ref. 29073]). •Synonym of Cypselurus hexazona (Bleeker 1853) -- (Parin & Bogorodsky 2011:658 [ref. 31581]). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus hexazona (Bleeker 1853). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

procne, Exocetus (Cypsilurus) De Filippi [F.] & Verany [J. B.] 1857:194 [10], Fig. 5 [Memorie / Reale accademia delle scienze di Torino (Ser. 2) v. 18; ref. 1329] Nice, Département des Alpes-Maritimes, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MZUT 451 (3). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:141 [ref. 21559]. Original genus is correctly Exocoetus. On p. 10 of separate. •Synonym of Cheilopogon heterurus (Rafinesque 1810) -- (Parin 1973:265 [ref. 7191], Parin & Belyanina 2000:158 [ref. 24894]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon heterurus (Rafinesque 1810). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

pseudospilopterus, Cheilopogon formosus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2019:10, Figs. 4-7 [Zootaxa 4589 (no. 1); ref. 36674] R/V "Vityaz", Cruise 50, Sta. 6480, Sample 500, 7°32'N, 116°37'E. Holotype: ZMMU P-24078. Paratypes: CAS, IORAS, SIO. •Synonym of Cheilopogon formosus (Kotthaus 1969) but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon formosus (Kotthaus 1969). Exocoetidae. Distribution: South China Sea: Gulf of Thailand to northern Borneo and southern Philippines [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

pulchellus, Cypselurus Lowe [R. T.] 1841:38 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1840 (pt. 8, no. 89); ref. 2830] Madeira, eastern Atlantic. No types known. •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Parin 1973:264 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:586 [ref. 16545], Paxton et al. 2006:726 [ref. 29073]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

quadriremis, Exocoetus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:145 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Off Spain; Indian Ocean. No types known. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

quindecimradiatus, Cypsilurus Fowler [H. W.] 1900:482, Pl. 17 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51 (for 1899); ref. 13303] Caroline Atoll (Thornton) Island [wrongly given as Carolina Islands], South Pacific. Holotype: ANSP 23275 (dry). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:102 [ref. 13621]. Type locality corrected in Fowler 1901:324 [ref. 21248]. Original genus should have been spelled Cypselurus. •Synonym of Cheilopogon spilonotopterus (Bleeker 1865). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon spilonotopterus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

rapanouiensis, Cheilopogon (Abeichthys) agoo Parin [N. V.] 1961:68 [24], Fig. 12 [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 43; ref. 9508] Near Easter Island, 22°35'S, 166°08'E [or 30°56'S, 109°17'W], southeastern Pacific, "Ob" station 428. Holotype: ZIN 36898 (291 mm SL; table 11). Paratypes: whereabouts unknown (3), French Instit. Ichthyol. (1). On p. 24 of English translation. •Synonym of Cheilopogon agoo (Temminck & Schlegel 1846), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125] as rapanuiensis, Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1096 [ref. 22829]). •Valid as Cheilopogon rapanouiensis Parin 1961 -- (Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179], Parin 1999:2172 [ref. 24786], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon rapanouiensis Parin 1961. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Pacific. Habitat: marine.

roberti, Exocoetus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] in Schomburgk 1848:675 [19] [The history of Barbados; comprising a geographical description of the island and an account of its geology and natural productions.; ref. 17812] Barbados, West Indies. Holotype (unique): ZMB 2903. Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:144 [ref. 19981]. Appeared first as above; reprinted in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1848:19. •Synonym of Hirundichthys affinis (Günther 1866) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:588 [ref. 16545] with question, Faloh-Gandarilla et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35195]). Current status: Uncertain as Hirundichthys affinis (Günther 1866). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

robustus, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1866:289 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Australia [= Western Australia]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.9.19.1066. •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:332 [ref. 12442], Paxton et al. 2006:726 [ref. 29073]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

rondeletii, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:115, Pl. 562 [not 528] [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Lectotype: MNHN A-2548. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1869.11.12.56 (1); MNHN A-2544 (1), A-2545 (1). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:184 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:12 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:184 [ref. 12982]. •Valid as Danichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:555 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:555 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:265 [ref. 7191], Dor 1984:60 [ref. 29757], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:617 [ref. 13676], Heemstra & Parin 1986:394 [ref. 6293], Robins & Ray 1986:105 [ref. 23100] as rondeleti, Scott & Scott 1988:308 [ref. 25518] as rondeleti, Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125] as rondeletti, McAllister 1990:128 [ref. 14674] as rondeleti, Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545], Boschung 1992:82 [ref. 23239] as rondeleti, Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:147 [ref. 25472], Goren & Dor 1994:15 [ref. 25356], Gomon et al. 1994:388 [ref. 22532], Andrew et al. 1995:14 [ref. 38009], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1102 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:256 [ref. 24023] as rondeleti, Arruda 1997:64 [ref. 24952], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:180 [ref. 24555], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:952 [ref. 23897], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:173 [ref. 25013], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:62 [ref. 26753], Choi et al. 2003:221, 548 [ref. 26218], Vera & Pequeño 2002:61 [ref. 28127], Parin & Belyanina 2002:S32, S37 [ref. 28438], Parin 2003:1130 [ref. 27018], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Lobel & Lobel 2004:69 [ref. 27576], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:30 [ref. 37112], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547] as rondeleti, Paxton et al. 2006:730 [ref. 29073], Fricke et al. 2007:69 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:35 [ref. 36649], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957] dated 1846, Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2150 [ref. 34602], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565] as Hyrundichthys, Carneiro et al. 2019:201 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:95 [ref. 36864], Kim et al. 2020:79 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:32 [ref. 38303], Kim et al. 2021:98 [ref. 39117], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279], Fermon et al. 2022:270 [ref. 39448] with question). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; northeastern Atlantic (following Parin & Belyanina 2002:S33 [ref. 28438]); circumglobal according to other authors (in that case including Red Sea). Habitat: marine.

rostratus, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1866:280 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Hawaiian Islands [in error, eastern Pacific]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.9.19.1060. The original locality of Sandwich Islands is in error. •Synonym of Fodiator acutus (Valenciennes 1847), but a valid subspecies -- (Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995: [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:139 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:254 [ref. 24023], Mundy 2005:288 [ref. 28379], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957]). •Valid as Fodiator rostratus (Günther 1866) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:296 [ref. 26169], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:236 [ref. 36362], Lewallen et al. 2017:1753 [ref. 35395], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Fodiator rostratus (Günther 1866). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

rubescens, Exocoetus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:205 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 13337] Southwest of Newfoundland banks, Canada. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:265 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545]). • Questionably a synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S32 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Uncertain as Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

rufipinnis, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:99 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Payta, Peru. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0838. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:182 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:13 [ref. 22813]. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:265 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545]). •Valid as Hirundichthys rufipinnis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S40 [ref. 28438] dated to 1846, Gomon 2008:405 [ref. 30616], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516], Stewart & Struthers 2015:963 [ref. 34274], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2151 [ref. 34602], Parin et al. 2019:206 [ref. 37342], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:353 [ref. 39717], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys rufipinnis (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Southern Hemisphere. Habitat: marine.

scylla, Exocoetus Cope [E. D.] 1871:481 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 14 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 920] Coast of the Gulf of Mexico [said to be near Tobasco], Mexico. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7500. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:103 [ref. 13621]. •Possible synonym of Hirundichthys affinis (Günther 1866) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:588 [ref. 16545] as seylla). Current status: Uncertain as Hirundichthys affinis (Günther 1866). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

sealei, Prognichthys Abe [T.] 1955:185, Figs. 1-3 [Records of Oceanographic Works in Japan v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 12259] 30 miles east of Miyako Island, southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 50474. Paratypes: ZUMT 50475-76 (1, 1). •Valid as Prognichthys sealei Abe 1955 -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441], Heemstra & Parin 1986:396 [ref. 6293], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1103 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:301 [ref. 23179], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:258 [ref. 24023], Anderson et al. 1998:22 [ref. 23611], Fricke 1999:123 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2179 [ref. 24786], Parin 1999:303 [ref. 24867], Nakabo 2000:554 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:554 [ref. 26001], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:291 [ref. 28379], Fricke et al. 2009:31 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Kharin & Saveliev 2011:554 [ref. 32456], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:195 [ref. 33547], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:356 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Prognichthys sealei Abe 1955. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan); eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

shcherbachevi, Cypselurus neglectus Shakhovskoy [I. B.] & Parin [N. V.] 2022:73, Figs. 29-32 [Zootaxa 5117 (no. 1); ref. 39123] Vityaz Cruise 33, Station 4927, 14°11'N, 82°53'E. Holotype: ZMMU 24453. Paratype: IOM 04036 (1), 04031 (1), USNM 198520 [ex 338945] (1). •Valid as Cypselurus neglectus (Bleeker 1865), but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus neglectus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: from Cochin, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Strait of Malacca to the Banda Sea [this subspecies]. Habitat: marine.

simus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:105 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0836. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:182-183 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:13 [ref. 22813]. •Valid as Cheilopogon simus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624]). •Valid as Cypselurus simus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1996:302 [ref. 23179], Parin 1999:2175 [ref. 24786], Mundy 2005:287 [ref. 28379], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2010:560 [ref. 31020], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Shakhovskoy 2018:57 [ref. 36429], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:9 [ref. 39123]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus simus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Central and eastern Pacific: Hawaiian Islands, Johnston Atoll, Tonga, Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Easter Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago (Mexico). Possibly hybridized with C. callopterus. Habitat: marine.

smithi, Cypselurus Breder [C. M., Jr.] & Nichols [J. T.] 1930:4, Fig. 3 [American Museum Novitates No. 417; ref. 16070] North of Bahamas. Holotype: AMNH 9673. Paratypes: AMNH 20939 (1). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

socotranus, Exococtus Steindachner [F.] 1902:318 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 39 (no. 24) (art. 76); ref. 14894] Between Abdal Kuri and Socotra Island, Yemen. Holotype (unique): NMW 84634. Original description with misspelling as above, later changed to "Exocoetus socotranus n. sp. (?) an E. brachysoma Blkr.?" and described in detail in Steindachner 1903:155 [ref. 15046]. •Valid as Hirundichthys socotranus (Steindachner 1902) -- (Dor 1984:61 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:15 [ref. 25356], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:62 [ref. 35264] uncertain status). •Synonym of Cypselurus naresii (Günther 1889) -- (Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:380 [ref. 38589]). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus naresii (Günther 1889). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden (if valid). Habitat: marine.

solandri, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:129 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Seychelles. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-2715. Paralectotypes: MNHN (1) Tahiti. Type catalog: Bruun 1937:186 [ref. 12982]. Lectotype selected by Bruun 1937:186 [ref. 12982]. •Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831), subspecies altipennis (Valenciennes 1847). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus (Bennett 1831). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

solitarius, Exocoetus Bennett [G.] 1860:15 [Gatherings of a naturalist in Australasia; ref. 19684] St. Helena Island, South Atlantic. No types known. •Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:583 [ref. 16545]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon nigricans (Bennett 1840). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon nigricans (Bennett 1840). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

speculiger, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:94 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Lectotype: MNHN B-0822. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-0823 (1), B-0824 (1), B-0825 (1), B-0826 (1), B-838 (?), 6365 (2). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:181 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:13 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:181 [ref. 12982]. Date often wrongly given as 1846. •Valid as Cypselurus speculiger (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Chen et al. 1997:27 [ref. 26476], Parin 2003:1131 [ref. 27018], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Paxton et al. 2006:730 [ref. 29073], Paxton et al. 2006:730 [ref. 29073]). •Valid as Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:618 [ref. 13676], Heemstra & Parin 1986:395 [ref. 6293], Paxton et al. 1989:334 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:143 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin & Gibbs 1990:590 [ref. 16545], Cervigón 1992:319 [ref. 23827], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1102 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:306 [ref. 23179], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:256 [ref. 24023], Monteiro et al. 1998:400 [ref. 23732], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:177 [ref. 24555], Fricke 1999:123 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2177 [ref. 24786], Nakabo 2000:555 [ref. 25086], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:555 [ref. 26001], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:290 [ref. 28379], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2013:118 [ref. 32656], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Psomadakis et al. 2015:181 [ref. 34104], Stewart & Struthers 2015:964 [ref. 34274], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2152 [ref. 34602], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Shakhovskoy 2018:48 [ref. 36429], Brown et al. 2019:165 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:201 [ref. 37250], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Parin et al. 2019:209 [ref. 37342], Psomadakis et al. 2020:345 [ref. 37272], Ray et al. 2020:1562 [ref. 37946], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:304 [ref. 38945], Kovačić et al. 2021:87 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Fermon et al. 2022:271 [ref. 39448] possible, Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:353 [ref. 39717], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas (including Caribbean Sea). Habitat: marine.

spilonotopterus, Exocoetus Bleeker [P.] 1865:113 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 3; ref. 418] Padang, Sumatra [Sumatera Barat, Indonesia, eastern Indian Ocean]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1866.5.2.37. •Valid as Cypselurus spilonotopterus (Bleeker 1865) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:561 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:561 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Cheilopogon spilonotopterus (Bleeker 1865) -- (Abe 1994:1270 [ref. 23438], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1099 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:252 [ref. 24023], Parin 1999:2172 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495] as spilonopterus, Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:285 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:727 [ref. 29073] dated 1866, Dyer & Westneat 2010:601 [ref. 31446] dated 1866, McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957] dated 1866, Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Larson et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:38 [ref. 33932], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Psomadakis et al. 2020:342 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37637], Love et al. 2021:93 [ref. 39279], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:345 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon spilonotopterus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: SouthAfrica and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Sea of Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia and Austral Islands (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galápagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

spilopterus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:113 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Oualan, Caroline Islands, western Pacific. No types preserved. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1997:23 [ref. 22813]. Not the same as Exocoetus spilopus Valenciennes 1846. Based on a drawing by Mertens (Karl Heinrich Mertens, 1796-2830, German explorer and naturalist). •Valid as Cypselurus spilopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:181 [ref. 27969], Nakabo 2000:556 [ref. 25086], Nakabo 2002:556 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Cheilopogon spilopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:333 [ref. 12442], Abe 1994:1264 [ref. 23438], Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:176 [ref. 27969], Parin 1999:2172 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495] dated 1846, Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:27 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Mundy 2005:286 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:727 [ref. 29073], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Zajonz et al. 2019:66 [ref. 36871] as cf. spilopterus, Psomadakis et al. 2020:342 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon spilopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

spilopus, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:118 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] La Rochelle, France. Lectotype: MNHN B-0828. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0178 (1), B-0816 (1), B-0829 (1), 0531 (1), B-0830 (1), B-0831 (1), B-0832 (1). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:184-185 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:13-14 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:184 [ref. 12982]. Not the same as Exocoetus spilopterus Valenciennes 1846. •Synonym of Cypselurus exsiliens (Linnaeus 1771) -- (Gibbs & Staiger 1970:448 [ref. 7741]). •Synonym of Cheilopogon exsiliens (Linnaeus 1771) -- (Parin 1973:264 [ref. 7191]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon exsiliens (Linnaeus 1771). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

spilurus, Exocoetus Günther [A.] 1866:285 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 7 (no. 38) (art. 12); ref. 1966] No locality. Syntypes: BMNH 2012.11.8.1-2 (2). •Synonym of Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker 1865) -- (N. Parin). Current status: Synonym of Cypselurus opisthopus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

splendens, Exocoetus Abel [C.] 1818:5, Pl. opposite p. 4 [Narrative of a journey in the interior of China; ref. 19914] Northeastern Atlantic, 10°38'N, 25°47'W. Exocoetus maculatus proposed in footnote of p. 5 as an alternate name for this species. Figure caption states, "Published by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, London Oct. 1, 1817." so that may be the publication date for this species, perhaps predating the text. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

starksi, Cypselurus Abe [T.] in Tomiyama & Abe 1953:969, Pl. 192 (figs. 525-526) [Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan v. 49; ref. 12631] Akamizu, Noboeka City, Miyazaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Holotype: ZUMT 47821 (not seen in 1997). Paratypes: (25) CAS, ?. •Valid as Cypselurus starksi Abe 1953 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:40 [ref. 19756], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Nakabo 2000:559 [ref. 25086], Kim et al. 2001:107 [ref. 25722], Nakabo 2002:559 [ref. 26001], Sonoyama et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37637], Shakhovskoy & Parin 2022:11 [ref. 39123]). Current status: Valid as Cypselurus starksi Abe 1953. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Vietnam, China, Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

subpellucens, Exocaetus Richardson [J.] 1843:26 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science v. 12 (12th meeting [1842]); ref. 12502] Originally Exocaetus ? subpellucens. Apparently not available, no distinguishing features; from Tolaga Bay, New Zealand. A "bearded" post-larval form of some flying-fish -- (Whitley 1968:36 [ref. 22198]). Nomen Nudum. Exocoetidae.

suttoni, Maculocoetus Whitley [G. P.] & Colefax [A. N.] 1938:288, Pl. 14 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 63 (pts 3-4) (nos. 277-278); ref. 4736] Nauru, Gilbert Islands, western Pacific. Holotype: AMS IA.6996. Paratypes: AMS IA.7142-43(1, 1). •Valid as Cypselurus suttoni (Whitley & Colefax 1938) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:81 [ref. 6441], Randall et al. 1990:57 [ref. 15987], Randall et al. 1997:57 [ref. 25919], Nakabo 2000:556 [ref. 25086] as stuttoni, Nakabo 2002:556 [ref. 26001]). •Valid as Cheilopogon suttoni (Whitley & Colefax 1938) -- (Abe 1994:1257 [ref. 23438], Parin 1996:305 [ref. 23179], Anderson et al. 1998:22 [ref. 23611], Parin 1999:2173 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S100 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Mundy 2005:286 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:727 [ref. 29073], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Larson et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:179 [ref. 34104], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Psomadakis et al. 2020:343 [ref. 37272], Ray et al. 2020:1561 [ref. 37946], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:346 [ref. 39717]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon suttoni (Whitley & Colefax 1938). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Shark Bay (Western Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

tahitensis, Cypselurus Seale [A.] 1906:13, Fig. 3 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Tahiti, Society Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 1413. •Synonym of Cheilopogon spilonotopterus (Bleeker 1865). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon spilonotopterus (Bleeker 1865). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

tringa, Prognichthys Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1928:21, Fig. 10 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 2 (art. 2); ref. 636] Between Panama and Lower California (no specific locality). Holotype (unique): AMNH 7515 [ex YPM 763]. Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:11 [ref. 16741] as missing from YPM. •Valid as Prognichthys tringa Breder 1928 -- (Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1103 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:259 [ref. 24023], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:137 [ref. 24545], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2005:66 [ref. 37547], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Prognichthys tringa Breder 1928. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

unicolor, Exocoetus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:97 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 19; ref. 4883] Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands, southwestern Pacific. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-2717. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-2716 (1), 0000-2718 (1). Type catalog: Bruun 1937:182 [ref. 12982], Collette et al. 1997:14 [ref. 22813]. Lectotype established by Bruun 1937:182 [ref. 12982]. •Valid as Cypselurus unicolor (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:82 [ref. 6441]). •Valid as Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Fricke 1999:121 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2173 [ref. 24786], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Mundy 2005:286 [ref. 28379], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:322 [ref. 28867], Paxton et al. 2006:727 [ref. 29073], Parin 2009:274 [ref. 30171], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mascarenes; Philippines east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas Islands and Society Islands, north to Japan, south to Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands; Revillagigedo Archipelago (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

vagabundus, Exocoetus volitans Whitley [G. P.] 1937:216 [Australian Zoologist v. 8 (pt 4); ref. 4690] Tasman Sea halfway between Sydney, Australia and Lord Howe Island. Holotype: AMS IA.6854. •Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:333 [ref. 12442], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S33 [ref. 25770], Paxton et al. 2006:729 [ref. 29073]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

vanderbilti, Parexocoetoides Fowler [H. W.] 1944:421, Figs. 123-124 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Off Baja California, Mexico, 27°40'N, 116°50'W. Holotype: ANSP 70294. Paratypes: ANSP 70295-97 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:103 [ref. 13621]. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

ventralis, Cypselurus Nichols [J. T.] & Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1935:3, Fig. 3 [American Museum Novitates No. 821; ref. 13296] Off Ancash Province, Peru, 10°01'S, 80°05'W. Holotype: AMNH 13291. Paratypes: AMNH 13523 (1), 13532-33 (1, 4). •Valid as Cheilopogon ventralis (Nichols & Breder 1935) -- (Shakhovskoy & Parin 2019:36 [ref. 36674]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon ventralis (Nichols & Breder 1935). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern South Pacific. Habitat: marine.

vermiculatus, Exocoetus Poey [F.] 1860:300 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin & Gibbs 1990:583 [ref. 16545]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

vinciguerrae, Exocoetus Jordan [D. S.] & Meek [S. E.] 1885:56 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 8 (no. 483); ref. 2489] 46°N, 61°W, open sea off Newfoundland, Canada. Holotype: USNM 21870. Paratypes: ANSP 7496 (1), ?ANSP 7485 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:103 [ref. 13621] with ANSP 7485 [holotype of Cypselurus hyperistius Fowler 1919] as second paratype although it was not labeled or cataloged as such. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545]). •Synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S33 [ref. 28438]). Current status: Synonym of Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

vitiazi, Cypselurus Parin [N. V.] 1958:1412, Fig. 1 [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 37 (no. 9); ref. 6360] Vicinity of the Bonin Island [Ogasawara Island], Japan, Vitiaz station 3514. Holotype: not researched, not at ZIN. Other specimens: (5). •Synonym of Maculocoetus suttoni Whitley & Colefax 1938 -- (authors). •Synonym of Cheilopogon suttoni (Whitley & Colefax 1938) -- (Abe 1994:1257 [ref. 23438], Mundy 2005:286 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Cheilopogon suttoni (Whitley & Colefax 1938). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

vitropinna, Cypselurus Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1927:20, Figs. 10C, 11 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 635] West Indies of western Atlantic (no other data). Holotype: YPM 459. Paratypes: AMNH 27113 [ex BOC/YPM 167] (1); YPM 125 (3), 167 (5, now 4), 168 (eggs from 167). Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:11 [ref. 16741]. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

volador, Exocoetus Jordan [D. S.] 1884:34 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 404); ref. 13340] Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 34975. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410]. •Synonym of Hirundichthys rondeletii (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1973:266 [ref. 7191], Parin & Gibbs 1990:589 [ref. 16545]). •Valid as Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884) -- (Parin & Belyanina 2002:S32 [ref. 28438], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2153 [ref. 34602], Carneiro et al. 2019:202 [ref. 37250], Parin et al. 2019:214 [ref. 37342]). Current status: Valid as Hirundichthys volador (Jordan 1884). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Subtropical Atlantic: including Gulf of Mexico. Habitat: marine.

volans, Exocaetus Solander [D. C.] in Richardson 1846:264 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Seas of China and Polynesia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Original genus should have been Exocoetus. Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S33 [ref. 25770]). Current status: Synonym of Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758. Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.

volitans, Exocoetus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:316 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Open ocean off Europe and America. Syntypes: ZMUU Linn. Coll. 59 (1). Type catalog: Lönnberg 1896:25 [ref. 23530], Wheeler 1991:167, Fig. 9 [ref. 20102]. •Valid as Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin 1973:263 [ref. 7191], Sheiko 1983:18 [ref. 37041], Dor 1984:60 [ref. 29757], Yoshino in Masuda et al. 1984:80 [ref. 6441], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:616 [ref. 13676], Heemstra & Parin 1986:394 [ref. 6293], Robins & Ray 1986:103 [ref. 23100], Paxton et al. 1989:333 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:50 [ref. 14125], Winterbottom et al. 1989:15 [ref. 13251], Parin & Gibbs 1990:587 [ref. 16545], Cervigón 1992:319 [ref. 23827], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:146 [ref. 25472], Goren & Dor 1994:15 [ref. 25356], Gomon et al. 1994:387 [ref. 22532], Allen & Robertson 1994:89 [ref. 22193], Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1101 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:301 [ref. 23179], Santos et al. 1997:68 [ref. 23531], Chen et al. 1997:26 [ref. 26476], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:247 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:63 [ref. 24952], Monteiro et al. 1998:400 [ref. 23732], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:949 [ref. 23897], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:176 [ref. 24555], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Sarkar et al. 1998:131 [ref. 24988], Fricke 1999:122 [ref. 24106], Parin 1999:2176 [ref. 24786], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:172 [ref. 25013], Mishra et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25315], Afonso et al. 1999:83 [ref. 25466], Nakabo 2000:553 [ref. 25086], Parin in Randall & Lim 2000:600 [ref. 25122], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000:S33 [ref. 25770], Hutchins 2001:24 [ref. 25847], Kim et al. 2001:107 [ref. 25722], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:175 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:553 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:221, 547 [ref. 26218], Parin 2003:1128 [ref. 27018], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:615 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:68 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3317 [ref. 27945], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:288 [ref. 28379], Paxton et al. 2006:729 [ref. 29073], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Wirtz et al. 2007:27 [ref. 30263], Gomon 2008:404 [ref. 30616], Fricke et al. 2009:31 [ref. 30213], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:35 [ref. 36649], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:62 [ref. 35264], Fricke et al. 2011:370 [ref. 31242], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32972], Wirtz et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32988], Wirtz et al. 2014:4 [ref. 33516], Parin et al. 2014:194 [ref. 33547], Psomadakis et al. 2015:180 [ref. 34104], Stewart & Struthers 2015:961 [ref. 34274], Pinheiro et al. 2015:9 [ref. 34324], Parin & Shakhovskoy 2016:2147 [ref. 34602], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Lewallen et al. 2017:1753 [ref. 35395], Fricke et al. 2018:103 [ref. 35805], Shakhovskoy 2018:43 [ref. 36429], Brown et al. 2019:165 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:201 [ref. 37250], Fricke et al. 2019:77 [ref. 36673], Jayakumar et al. 2019:703 [ref. 37111], Parin et al. 2019:196 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:136 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:42 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 10 [ref. 38321], Kovačić et al. 2020:30 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:345 [ref. 37272], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:302 [ref. 38945], Kovačić et al. 2021:53 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:94 [ref. 39279], Shakhovskoy & Bogorodsky 2021:383 [ref. 38589], Fermon et al. 2022:270 [ref. 39448], Shakhovskoy & Collette 2022:351 [ref. 39717], Carvalho-Filho 2023:87 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Exocoetus volitans Linnaeus 1758. Exocoetidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through temperate seas (including Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea). Habitat: marine.

xenopterus, Exocoetus Gilbert [C. H.] 1890:58 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 13 (no. 797); ref. 1623] Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands, off western Mexico (taken from a bird). Holotype (unique): USNM 44388. Type catalog: Collette et al. 1992:7 [ref. 19410]. •Valid as Cheilopogon xenopterus (Gilbert 1890) -- (Parin in Fischer et al. 1995:1099 [ref. 22829], Parin 1996:304 [ref. 23179], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:137 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:253 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:177 [ref. 24555], Nelson et al. 2004:100 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:65 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:190 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:101 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:456 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:607 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:93 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Cheilopogon xenopterus (Gilbert 1890). Exocoetidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

zaca, Cypselurus Seale [A.] 1935:349, Pl. 21 (figs. 1-2) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 21 (no. 27); ref. 12336] Suva, Fiji Islands. Holotype: CAS 5504 (missing). Paratypes: CAS 5505 (1, missing). •Synonym of Prognichthys brevipinnis (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Parin 1996:301 [358] [ref. 23179]). Current status: Synonym of Prognichthys brevipinnis (Valenciennes 1847). Exocoetidae. Habitat: marine.