Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Lepisosteidae: [ 62 ] records

adamantinus, Litholepis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:447 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 3 (no. 6) (art. 6) (Oct.); ref. 3587] Ohio, Wabash, Green rivers, etc., U.S.A. No types known. Based on a Audubon drawing; mythical; see Markle 1997:446 [ref. 23370]. •Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803) -- (Wiley 1976:79 [ref. 7091] as adamantimus, Grande 2010:292 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

agassizii, Cylindrosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:351 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MCZ (possibly 1 out of 5 lots). Non-types: MNHN 1892-0281 [ex USNM] (1). •Synonym of Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864 -- (Wiley 1976:58 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:187 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

albus, Lepisosteus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:169 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 7306] Ohio River, U.S.A. No type known. Described as belonging to subgenus Cylindrosteus, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:73 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820 -- (Wiley 1976:46 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:156 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Sarchirus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:86 [Ichthyologia Ohiensis; ref. 3592] Licking River and Slate Creek; Ohio River drainage, U.S.A. No types known. Originally "Sarchirus ?". •Questionably a synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

ayresii, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:331 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Wabash River, Illinois, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5782 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:256 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

bartonii, Cylindrosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:356 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5797 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:258-259 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864 -- (Wiley 1976:58 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:187 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

berlandieri, Lepisosteus (Atractosteus) Girard [C. F.] 1858:353 [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] Matamoros (Tamaulipas), Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 1003. •Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803) -- (Wiley 1976:79 [ref. 7091] as belandieri, Grande 2010:292 [ref. 31167] belandieri). Current status: Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

bison, Lepidosteus DeKay [J. E.] 1842:271, Pl. 43 (fig. 139) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Buffalo, Lake Erie; lakes of western districts, New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Lepisosteus bison Dekay 1842 -- (Herrera 1896:17 [ref. 39336] with genus as Lepidosteus). •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Smith 1986:54 [ref. 22186], Scott & Crossman 1998:109 [ref. 24570], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

bocourti, Atractosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:367, Pl. 22 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Perhaps available, name not originally treated as valid (Art. 11.5 of the Code). A. boucourti used on Pl. 22, but on p. 11 of Table of plates and text page 367 it is treated as synonym of Atractosteus tropicus ("sous le nom de Atract. Borcourti"). MNHN has a holotype as MNHN 5670. Lepisosteidae.

castelnaudii, Cylindrosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:355, Pl. 21 (figs. 2, 2a, 2b) [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Lake Lafayette, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5798 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:258 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay 1842 -- (Wiley 1976:60 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:218 [ref. 31167] wrongly as castelnaudi). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay 1842. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cepedianus, Esox Shaw [G.] 1804:117, Pl. 110 [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] American seas and rivers. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5804 (mounted). Unneeded new name for Lepisosteus spatula Lacepède 1803; types as below if regarded as a replacement name. •Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

chasei, Lepidosteus Wailes [B. L. C.] 1854:333, 337 [Report on the agriculture and geology of Mississippi; ref. 24087] Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): Coll. Rev. Benjamin Chase, Natchez (probably lost). Original genus should have been Lepisosteus; spelled Chasei on p. 333 and Chaseii on p. 337. Undescribed dark phase of the alligator gar, or the species now called L. productus Cope [= Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864] (Cook 1959:60 [ref. 24088]). •Probably a synonym of [Atractosteus] Lepisosteus spatula Lacepède 1803 -- (W. J. Poly, pers. comm. Nov. 99). Current status: Uncertain as Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

clintonii, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:338 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] No locality. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5793 (dry, poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:257 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

copei, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:332 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Northern North America. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5786 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:256 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

crassus, Lepidosteus Cope [E. D.] 1865:86 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 17; ref. 907] Probably in brackish water at Bombay Hook, near the mouth of Delaware River, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 16971 (mounted specimen). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:119 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

elisabeth, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:336 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] No locality. Holotype (unique): MCZ 100693 [tracking number] not found. Possible type: MNHN 1892-0282 [ex MCZ] Massachusetts. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

ferox, Lepisosteus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:171 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 7306] Mississippi River and Lake Pontechartrain, the Mobile, Red River, Lower Ohio, etc., eastern U.S.A. Described as belonging to subgenus Atractosteus, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:75 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803) -- (Wiley 1976:79 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:292 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

fluviatilis, Lepisosteus Rafinesque [C. S.] (ex Lacepède) 1818:354 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 3 (no. 5) (art. 3) (Sept.); ref. 3586] Name only, not available. Nomen Nudum. Lepisosteidae.

gavial, Lepisosteus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:331, 333 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Lakes and rivers of the two Indies. No types known. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:49 [ref. 7091] as gavialis, Boschung & Mayden 2004:118 [ref. 27995] as gavialis, Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167] as gavialis). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

gracilis, Lepisosteus Richardson [J.] (ex Agassiz) 1836:240 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Possible type: BMNH 1961.2.27.1 (1). •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167] with author as Agassiz). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

harlani, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:329, Pl. 21 (figs. 1a, 1b) [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Wabash River, Illinois, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-1048 (mounted). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:256 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

horatii, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:341 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Northern North America. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5791 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:257-258 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

huronensis, Lepisosteus Richardson [J.] 1836:237 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Peneteugishene, Lake Huron; also Lake Ontario and Lake Huron. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Scott & Crossman 1998:109 [ref. 24570], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lamarii, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:337 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Northern North America. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5789 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:257 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

latirostris, Lepisosteus (Cylindrosteus) Girard [C. F.] 1858:352 [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] Pecos River, New Mexico/Texas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 984. •Possible senior synonym of Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864 -- (Wiley 1976:58 [ref. 7091]). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

leptorhynchus, Lepidosteus Girard [C. F.] 1858:351 [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] Devil's River, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 1002 (orig. 2, now 1). •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lesueurii, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:335 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Wabash River, Illinois, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5780 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:256-257 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lineatus, Lepisosteus Thompson [Z.] 1842:145, Fig. [History of Vermont, natural, civil, and statistical; ref. 17908] Winooski River in Burlington, Vermont, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

longirostris, Lepisosteus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:171 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 7306] Muskingum River, Ohio, U.S.A. No types known. Described as belonging to subgenus Cylindrosteus, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:74 [ref. 3592]. ▌Based on Esox osseus of Mitchill 1815. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Scott & Crossman 1998:109 [ref. 24570], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

loricatus, Macrognathus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:148 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Indian and American oceans. No types known. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

louisianensis, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:343, Pl. 22 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5755 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:258 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

lucius, Atractosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:364 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Tampico, Mexico. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1501 (1, mounted) Tampico; Faculté des Sciences de Paris (1), Mexico. Type catalog: Bertin 1940:259 [ref. 293] with MNHN 1501 as holotype. •Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803) -- (Wiley 1976:79 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:292 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

manjuari, Lepidosteus Poey [F.] 1853:273, 438, 450, Pls. 28-30, 31 (figs. 1-5) [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 1; ref. 3497] Cuba. Type: USNM 12496 (1). •Synonym of Atractosteus tristoechus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Wiley 1976:82 [ref. 7091], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:29 [ref. 27061], Grande 2010:406 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Atractosteus tristoechus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater.

megalops, Cylindrosteus Fowler [H. W.] 1911:609, Pl. 38 (figs. 15-16) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 62 (for 1910); ref. 17599] Bayport, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 25371. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:119 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay 1842 -- (Wiley 1976:60 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:218 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay 1842. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater.

milberti, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:328 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] New York, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5757. Type catalog: Bertin 1940:256 [ref. 293]. Based on 1 specimen; literaure sources doubtfully included. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091] wrongly as as mulberti, Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167] wrongly as mulberti). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

niloticus, Esox Perry [G.] 1811:no p., Pl. LXIV [Ichthyology. In: Arcana, or, The Museum of Natural History v. 1; ref. 12255] Uncertain locality [North America]. No types known. Original not seen. Locality of "River Nile" in error. Plate dated March 1811. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

oculatus, Lepidosteus (Cylindrosteus) Winchell [A.] 1864:183 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 14182] Duck Lake, Calhoun County, Michigan, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): UMMZ 55062 (stuffed). •Valid as Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864 -- (Wiley 1976:58 [ref. 7091], Lee et al. 1980:48 [ref. 22416], Warren Jr. & Cicerello 1982:2 [ref. 40469], Smith 1986:54 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:91 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:42 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:25 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:30 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:29 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:8 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:111 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Cross & Collins 1995:31 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:91 [ref. 25836], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:202 [ref. 23897], Scott & Crossman 1998:103 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25838] as cf. oculatus, Ross et al. 2001:87 [ref. 25978], Wiley 2003:677 [ref. 26988], Bowler 2003:42 [ref. 27453], Nelson et al. 2004:58 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:63 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:54 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:117 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:8 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:84 [ref. 28615], Grande 2010:187 [ref. 31167], Page et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:47 [ref. 35886], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Chan et al. 2023:133 [ref. 40365], Page et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40505], Sinopoli et al. 2024:141 [ref. 40953]). Current status: Valid as Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864. Lepisosteidae. Distribution: North America: eastern U.S.A. south to Mexico. Introduced in Italy and Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

osseus, Esox Linnaeus [C.] 1758:313 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] North America. Lectotype: NRM 95. Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:23-24 [ref. 20705]. Based on literature sources and one specimen. Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:199 [ref. 1841] and Wheeler 18985:24. Lectotype established in Grande 2010:28 [ref. 31167]. •Valid as Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:49 [ref. 7091], Lee et al. 1980:49 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:53 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:92 [ref. 23393], Scott & Scott 1988:72 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:43 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:23 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:30 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:30 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:8 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:112 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:196 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Stauffer et al. 1995:36 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:33 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:93 [ref. 25836], Murdy et al. 1997:56 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:203 [ref. 23897], Scott & Crossman 1998:105 [ref. 24570], Lyons et al. 2000:21 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:89 [ref. 25978], Wiley 2003:678 [ref. 26988], Nelson et al. 2004:58 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:55 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:118 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:8 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:84 [ref. 28615], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167], Page & Burr 2011:142 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35886], Page et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Distribution: North America: Canada to Mexico. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

otarius, Lepidosteus Cope [E. D.] 1865:86, 87 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 17; ref. 907] Platte River near Fort Riley, Kansas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 16968 (mounted specimen). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:119 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

oxyurus, Lepisosteus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:170 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 7306] Ohio River, U.S.A. No types known. Described as belonging to subgenus Cylindrosteus, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:73 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

piquotianus, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:340 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] North America. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5787 (1, dry) North America, 0000-5788 (1, dry) Lake Erie. Type catalog: Bertin 1940:257 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Scott & Crossman 1998:109 [ref. 24570], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167] wrongly as piquotiamus). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

platostomus, Lepisosteus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:168 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 7306] U.S.A. Neotype: FMNH 110246 (dried specimen). Also in Rafinesque 1820:72 [ref. 3592]. Lepisosteus platystomus Günther 1870:329 [ref. 1995] is an unjustified emendation. Neotype selected by Grande 2010:156 [ref. 31167] but without locality given -- a new specimen with good locality and samples for DNA analysis would have been more appropriate. •Valid as Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820 -- (Wiley 1976:46 [ref. 7091], Lee et al. 1980:50 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:55 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:93 [ref. 23393], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:24 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:30 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:30 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:113 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Stauffer et al. 1995:37 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:34 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:95 [ref. 25836], Scott & Crossman 1998:ix, 104 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:26 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:21 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:91 [ref. 25978], Wiley 2003:674 [ref. 26988], Nelson et al. 2004:58 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:56 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:119 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:8 [ref. 28940], Grande 2010:156 [ref. 31167], Page & Burr 2011:131 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40505], Sinopoli et al. 2024:139 [ref. 40953]). Current status: Valid as Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820. Lepisosteidae. Distribution: North America: central and south-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

platyrhincus, Lepisosteus DeKay [J. E.] 1842:273, Pl. 43 (fig. 137) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Florida and the western rivers, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): Cabinet of the Lyceum (whereabouts unknown). •Valid as Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay 1842 -- (Wiley 1976:60 [ref. 7091], Lee et al. 1980:51 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:31 [ref. 18983], Wiley 2003:674 [ref. 26988], Nelson et al. 2004:58 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:8 [ref. 28940], Grande 2010:218 [ref. 31167], Page & Burr 2011:143 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35886], Page et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lepisosteus platyrhincus DeKay 1842. Lepisosteidae. Distribution: North America: Florida and Georgia (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

platystomus, Lepidosteus Günther [A.] 1870:329 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] Günther specimens: BMNH 1861.6.27.2 (1, stuffed). •Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820. Unjustified Emend.. Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater.

productus, Cylindostreus Cope [E. D.] 1865:86 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 17; ref. 907] Near San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 16958 (mounted skin). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:119 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864 -- (Wiley 1976:58 [ref. 7091], Smith 1986:54 [ref. 22186], Ross et al. 2001:89 [ref. 25978], Grande 2010:187 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rafinesquii, Cylindrosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:352 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5796 (dry, in bottle). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:258 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820. Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater.

robolo, Lepisosteus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:332, 334 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Chile. Not this family or locality is in error. Lepisosteidae.

rostratus, Lepidosteus Cuvier [G.] in Richardson 1836:238 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Lake Huron. Holotype (unique): (lost). •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Scott & Crossman 1998:109 [ref. 24570], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

scabriceps, Cylindrosteus Fowler [H. W.] 1911:607, Pl. 38 (figs. 8-9) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 62 (for 1910); ref. 17599] Leavenworth, Kansas, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 621. Paratypes: ANSP 622 (1). Additional material: ANSP (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:119 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820 -- (Wiley 1976:46 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:156 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater.

sinensis, Lepidosteus Bleeker [P.] 1872:154 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] China. No types known. Based on a Chinese painting at Univ. of Gronongen made prior to 1832. •Status uncertain -- (Wagner 1912:738 [ref. 21166], with illustration of the original painting). Lepisosteidae.

smithii, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:330 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Upper Mississippi River, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5790 (mounted). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:256 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167] wrongly as smithi). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

spatula, Lepisosteus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:331, 334, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] No locality [North America]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5804 (dry, mounted). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:255 [ref. 293]. •Valid as Lepisosteus spatula Lacepède 1803 -- (Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:21 [ref. 24089], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560]). •Valid as Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803) -- (Wiley 1976:79 [ref. 7091], Lee et al. 1980:47 [ref. 22416], Villa 1982:70 [ref. 36708], Robison & Buchanan 1988:89 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:29 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:29 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:7 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:109 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:97 [ref. 25836], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:201 [ref. 23897], Fuller et al. 1999:25 [ref. 25838], Poly 2001:185 [ref. 25611], Ross et al. 2001:86 [ref. 25978], Wiley 2003:675 [ref. 26988], Nelson et al. 2004:58 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:52 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:114 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:8 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:83 [ref. 28615], Grande 2010:292 [ref. 31167], Page & Burr 2011:141 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32708], Esmaeili et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36089], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:344 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:46 [ref. 35886], Hasan et al. 2020:233 [ref. 37549], Chan et al. 2023:133 [ref. 40365], Çiçek et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40616], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:29 [ref. 40667], Page et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40505], Shibananda et al. 2023:404 [ref. 40792], Çiçek et al. 2024:32 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803). Lepisosteidae. Distribution: North America: central and southern U.S.A. and northern Mexico. Introduced in Iraq, Iran, India, Hong Kong (China) and Java and Bali (Indonesia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

stenorhynchus, Lepisosteus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:447 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 3 (no. 6) (art. 6) (Oct.); ref. 3587] Not available, name only; from the Ohio River, U.S.A. •Questionably a synonymy of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:49 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae.

thompsonii, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:342 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Upper Mississippi River, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5785 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:258 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167] wrongly as thompsoni). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

treculii, Lepisosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:327 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] State of Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5759. Type catalog: Bertin 1940:255 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:50 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167] wrongly as treculi). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

tristoechus, Esox Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Parra) 1801:395 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Locality not stated [Havana, Cuba]. No types known. Based on the 'Majuarí' of Parra 1787:111, Pl. 40 (fig. 2) [ref. 6840]. •Synonym of Atractosteus spatula (Lacepède 1803) -- (Ross et al. 2001:87 [ref. 25978]). •Valid as Atractosteus tristoechus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Herrera 1896:17 [ref. 39336] as tristaechus, Wiley 1976:82 [ref. 7091], Lee et al. 1983:7 [ref. 22527], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:29 [ref. 27061], Wiley 2003:676 [ref. 26988], Grande 2010:406 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Valid as Atractosteus tristoechus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Lepisosteidae. Distribution: Caribbean Islands: Cuba and Isle of Pines. Habitat: freshwater.

troostii, Lepidosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:339 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] New York, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5783 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:257 [ref. 293]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:51 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

tropicus, Atractosteus Gill [T. N.] 1863:172 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] Costa Rica, western coast of Central America. Holotype (unique): USNM 6806. Type catalog: Smith 2018:67 [ref. 36061]. •Valid as Atractosteus tropicus Gill 1863 -- (Wiley 1976:67 [ref. 7091], Villa 1982:73 [ref. 36708], Bussing 1987:61 [ref. 22927], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:8 [ref. 22290], Bussing 1998:57 [ref. 24179], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:29:[ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:58 [ref. 27807], Miller 2006:83 [ref. 28615], Grande 2010:436 [ref. 31167], McMahan et al. 2013:443 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:58 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:989 [ref. 33194], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:88 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:288 [ref. 36544], Angulo et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40676], Page et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Atractosteus tropicus Gill 1863. Lepisosteidae. Distribution: Southern Mexico and Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

viridis, Esox Gmelin [J. F.] (ex Catesby) 1789:1389 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Ponds and freshwater rivers of Virginia, U.S.A. No types known. Description independent of Bonnaterre 1788, but based on the same source; name is objectively invalid -- preoccupied by Esox viridis Bonnaterre 1788 [= Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758)]. Based on 'Acus maxima, squammosa viridis' of Catesby 1771:30, Pl. 30 [ref. 774]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:49 [ref. 7091]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

viridis, Esox Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Catesby) 1788:174, Pl. 71 (fig. 293) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Ponds and freshwater rivers of Virginia, U.S.A. No types known. Based on 'Acus maxima, squammosa viridis' of Catesby 1771:30, Pl. 30 [ref. 774]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

vittatus, Sarchirus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:419, Pl. 17 (fig. 2) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 3588] Lower Ohio River, U.S.A. No types known. See also Rafinesque 1818:41 [ref. 3589]. •Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wiley 1976:49 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:27 [ref. 31167]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus osseus (Linnaeus 1758). Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

zadockii, Cylindrosteus Duméril [A. H. A.] 1870:353 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 2; ref. 1147] Upper Mississippi River, U.S.A. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5799 (1, mounted), 5800 (1, mounted). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:258 [ref. 293]. •Questionably a synonym of Lepisosteus oculatus Winchell 1864 -- (Wiley 1976:58 [ref. 7091], Grande 2010:187 [ref. 31167]). •Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820 -- (Sinopoli et al. 2024:141 [ref. 40953]). Current status: Synonym of Lepisosteus platostomus Rafinesque 1820. Lepisosteidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.