Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Serrasalmidae: [ 192 ] records

absconditus, Catoprion Mateussi [N. T. B.], Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.] 2020:12, Figs. 8-12 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 97 (no. 3); ref. 37676] Igarapé do Campo, Rio Jufari, Rio Branco basin, Caracaraí, Roraima, Brazil, 01°03'54"S, 62°07'46"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125764. Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, INPA, LBP, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Catoprion absconditus Mateussi, Melo & Oliveira 2020 -- (Silvano et al. 2020:154 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Catoprion absconditus Mateussi, Melo & Oliveira 2020. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: central and eastern Amazon and Essequibo River basins (Brazil and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

acanthogaster, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:209 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Lake de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-1065. •Valid as Mylossoma acanthogaster (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Galvis et al. 1997:39 [ref. 23651], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Mateussi et al. 2018:277 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma acanthogaster (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

aesopus, Serrasalmo Cope [E. D.] 1872:269 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Marañon between mouths of Rio Negro, Brazil and Rio Huallaga, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7914. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:42 [ref. 13621]. •Mention -- (Géry 1972:210 [ref. 1594] as oesopus). •Synonym of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

albiscopus, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1872:267, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Ambyiacu River, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 8021. Paralectotypes: ANSP 8014-20 (7), 8022 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:42 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype established by Fowler 1907:475 [ref. 1374]. Appeared first as name only in Cope 1871:55 [ref. 19538]. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Taphorn 1992:286 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope 1872) -- (Mateussi et al. 2018:280 [ref. 35820], Valdiviezo-Rivero et al. 2020:318 [ref. 37420], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope 1872). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: widespread across the Amazon and Orinoco basins (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

albus, Serrasalmo Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:173, Pl. 47 (fig. 1) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Not regarded as a species; should have been "Serrasalmo Cariba, albus..." according to Fink 1993:669 [ref. 20937]. Invalid name (as Serrasalmus albus) (Machado-Allison et al. 1991:125 [ref. 22050]). •In the synonymy of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Fink 1993:669 [ref. 20937], Nico 2001:139 [ref. 25828] with comments, Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:446 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

altidorsalis, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:22 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Paramaribo, Suriname. Holotype: ZMB 19626. Paratypes: ZMB 32436 [ex ZMB 19626] (8), ZMB uncat. (4); BMNH 1927.6.8.1 (1); SMF 3916 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl 1923 -- (Géry 1972:192 [ref. 1594], Zarske & Géry 1999:199 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Silvano et al. 2020:159 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl 1923. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers, Amazon basin (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

altipinnis, Tometes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:230, Pl. 643 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8652 [dry]. •Valid as Myleus altipinnis (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2018:[11] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus altipinnis (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

altispinis, Serrasalmus Merckx [A.], Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 2000:191, Figs. 3, 4B, 5B, 7B, 8A [Cybium v. 24 (no. 2); ref. 24718] Quarenta Ilhas rapids, Pitinga River, Uatumã basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 14.434. Paratypes: INPA 14.349-54 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1); MNHN 1997.0113-14 (1, 1), 1997.0116 (1), 1997-0120 (1), 1997-0317 (1); plus additional material. •Valid as Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu & Santos 2000 -- (Fink & Machado-Allison 2001:10 [ref. 25510], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Hubert & Renno 2010:58 [ref. 31099], Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu & Santos 2000. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Uatumã River drainage, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Pygocentrus Gill [T. N.] 1870:93 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 22; ref. 17630] Río Marañon or Río Napo, Amazon system, Peru or Ecuador. Holotype: USNM 21432. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:36 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858 -- (Fink 1993:679 [ref. 20937], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:421 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

altuvei, Serrasalmus Ramírez [M. V.] 1965:1, Fig. (p. 3) [Evencias No. 14; ref. 20769] El Polvero, Río San José, Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MAC 65639. Paratypes: AFY 65307 (7); MAC 65627 (7); MBUCV-V-12144 [ex MAC 65641] (1). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:17 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez 1965 -- (Jégu et al. 1991:97 [ref. 13589], Taphorn 1992:328 [ref. 23654], Merckx et al. 2000:197 [ref. 24718], Fink & Machado-Allison 2001:10 [ref. 25510], Machado-Allison 2002:68 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez 1965. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

ancylorhynchus, Tometes Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.] 2016:479, Figs. 3b, 4b, 12-14 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 89 (no. 1); ref. 34140] Cachoeira do Jericoá, Vitória do Xingu, Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil, 3°21'52.3"S, 51°44'02.7"W. Holotype: MPEG 31014. Paratypes: GEA, INPA, IRSNB, LIA, MNHN, MPEG, MZUSP, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016 -- (Andrade et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:430 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River and Tocantins-Araguaia River basins, Pará and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

animacula, Myloplus Soares [A.], Andrade [M. C.] & Lucinda [P. H. F.] 2023:Figs. [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters IEF-1191; ref. 40581] Holotype. Paratypes: •Valid as Myloplus animacula Soares, Andrade & Lucinda 2023. Current status: Valid as Myloplus animacula Soares, Andrade & Lucinda 2023. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

anisurus, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:27, Fig. 2 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20678. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:205 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917]). •Valid as Metynnis anisurus Ahl 1923 -- (Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis anisurus Ahl 1923. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: lower Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

antoni, Pygopristis Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1965:[1], Fig. [Evencias No. 17; ref. 17534] Río San José, Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 65635-A. Paratypes: AFY 60315 (15, ?now 14), 65413 (1); MBUCV-V-12143 [ex AFY 60315] (1), MACLPI 65635-B (3), 65636 (8). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:15 [ref. 24196]. On first unnumbered page. •Mention -- (Géry 1972:209 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pygopristis denticulatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Taphorn 1992:309 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864 -- (Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteum, Mylossoma Ahl [E.] 1928:192, Fig. [Das Aquarium: eine Zeitschrift mit Bildern für Liebhaber, Schulen und Naturfreunde, Berlin 1928 (no. 11); ref. 20506] Amazon River. Syntypes: ZMB 20854 (2). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Appeared first in Ahl 1928 as above, then in Ahl 1929:273 [ref. 15881]. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267]). •Synonym of Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope 1872) -- (Mateussi et al. 2018:280 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope 1872). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:24 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, near de Borin, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20676. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Questionably a synonym of Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl 1923 -- (Géry 1972:192 [ref. 1594]). •Valid as Metynnis argenteus Ahl 1923 -- (Taphorn 1992:254 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:201 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 186 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis argenteus Ahl 1923. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South Amrica: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

arnoldi, Myloplus Ahl [E.] 1936:25 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 114 (nos 1/2); ref. 13683] Amazon River. Syntypes: (2) ZMB 20812 (now 1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Myleus arnoldi (Ahl 1936) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Myloplus arnoldi Ahl 1936 -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Jégu et al. 2003:850 [ref. 27668], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:120 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus arnoldi Ahl 1936. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: Amazon, Xingu and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

asterias, Myletes Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:98 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Essequibo River, Guyana. Lectotype: ZMB 3646. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1971.5.10.61-62 (2); ZMB 3645 (1) Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:24, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [ref. 3071]. Lectotype selected by Jégu et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27829]. •Questionably a synonym of Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:162 [ref. 1594]). •Valid as Myleus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317]). •Valid as Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Jégu et al. 2003:849 [ref. 27668], Jégu et al. 2004:123, 127 [ref. 27829], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2015:42 [ref. 33654], Andrade et al. 2016:164 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Andrade et al. 2018:120 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Silvano et al. 2020:169 [ref. 38133], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Myletes Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:74, Pl. 31 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Equatorial rivers of Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. Lectotype: MHNN 788-A. Paralectotype: MHNN 788-B (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:146 [ref. 21784], Kottelat 1988:84 [ref. 13380]. As Tetragonopterus aureus Spix on plate. Lectotype selected by Mateussi et al. 2018:291 [ref. 35820]. •Valid as Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:284 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061] with author as Agassiz, Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:90, 187 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Mateussi et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35820], Valdiviezo-Rivero et al. 2020:320 [ref. 37420], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817] with author as Agassiz). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: widespread across the Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Serrasalmo Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:72, Pl. 29 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Equatorial lakes and rivers of Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. No types known. •Valid as Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829 -- (Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817] with author as Agassiz). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and Guyana rivers: Brazil, Colombia and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

auriventris, Serrasalmo Burmeister [H. K.] 1861:536 [Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten v. 2; ref. 23859] Río Paraná, near the Quinta [small farm west of city of Paraná right at the bank of the Paraná], Argentina. Holotype (unique): No types known. For English and Spanish translation see Koerber & Litz 2008:4 [ref. 29451]. •See Koerber & Litz 2008:4 [ref. 29451]. •Valid as Serrasalmus auriventris (Burmeiser 1861) -- (Koerber 2011:1 [ref. 31122], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117]). •Species inquirenda -- (Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

baratai, Pristobrycon Amaral Campos [A.] 1946:218, Fig. 1 [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3630. Paratype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3631 (1). Type catalog: Britski 1969:202 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:490-491 [ref. 23140]. •Mention -- (Géry 1972:211 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864 -- (Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

bidens, Myletes Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:75, Pl. 32 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Rivers of equatorial Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-789. Paralectotype: (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:146 [ref. 21784]. Lectotype selected by Géry 1986:98 [ref. 6012]. •Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) -- (Taphorn 1992:298 [ref. 23654], Fuller et al. 1999:187 [ref. 25838], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bidorsalis, Pygocentrus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:36 [28] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 28 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in text under Pygocentrus piraya Müller and Troschel. •In the synonymy of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

bilineatus, Pygocentrus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1909:47 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Aruka River, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 58075 [ex CM 1072]. Paratypes: (4, CM and IU) CAS 57355-56 [ex IU 11756-57] (1, 2); FMNH 58076 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908, but a valid subspecies -- (Géry 1972:220 [ref. 1594]). •Not a Pygocentrus -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner 1908) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908 -- (Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

boekeri, Serrasalmus Ahl [E.] 1931:406, Fig. [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1930; ref. 16255] Amazon River. Holotype (unique): ZMB (lost). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Misspelled or emended to boekery in Fowler 1950:379 [ref. 18869]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

brachypomus, Myletes Cuvier [G.] 1818:452, Pl. 22 (fig. 1) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8627. •Valid as Colossoma brachypomum (Cuvier 1818) -- (Zhu 1995:204 [ref. 25213]). •Valid as Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:298 [ref. 23654], Butí & Cancino 1999:72 [ref. 25277] as brachypomum, Fuller et al. 1999:187 [ref. 25838], Loubens & Panfili 2001:52 [ref. 25403], Ross et al. 2001:295 [ref. 25978], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:91, 187 [ref. 35004], Zhang et al. 2016:211 [ref. 34477], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Esmaeili et al. 2018:54 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:172 [ref. 37026], Escobar et al. 2019:[1] [ref. 36745], Ng et al. 2019:529 [ref. 36606], Fu et al. 2021:9571 [ref. 39347], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Taki et al. 2021:241 [ref. 39830], Chan et al. 2023:138 [ref. 40365], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Çiçek et al. 2024:268 [ref. 40789], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

brandtii, Serrasalmo Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1875:137 [11] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 57008 [or 5708] (2); SMNS 2043 (2); USNM 44964 (1) from Lütken; ZMUC 268, 269, 273, 276a, 278 (1, skel.), 279, 280, 290, 295, 297; ZMB 9195 (2). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:45 [ref. 9588], Vari & Howe 1991:40 [ref. 19022], Fricke 1995:8 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:26 [ref. 29864]. On p. 11 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:237 (and p. XVIII of summary) [ref. 19674]. Authorship sometimes seen as Reinhardt. •Valid as Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken 1875 -- (Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061] as brandti, Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken 1875. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

calichromus, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:18, Fig. 1 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Lago de Faro, Jamunda, lower Amazon, Brazil. Holotype: ZMB 20674. Paratypes: ZMB 32498 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:198 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

calmoni, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:361 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW (apparently lost) •Not a Pygocentrus, type lost -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Valid as Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner 1908) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento 2016:530 [ref. 34727], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908 -- (Géry 1972:220 [ref. 1594], Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: middle and lower Amazon and Orinoco River basins, and coastal rivers of Guyana, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

camunani, Tometes Andrade [M. C.], Giarrizzo [T.] & Jégu [M.] 2013:298, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 32757] Pará, Trombetas basin, rio Erepecuru, upstream of Cachoeira do Chuvisco, 00°59'59"S, 56°04'42"W, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 23447. Paratypes: Many from INPA, MNRJ, MPC, MPEG, ZUEC. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Tometes camunani Andrade, Giarrizzo & Jégu 2013 -- (Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:430 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes camunani Andrade, Giarrizzo & Jégu 2013. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: upper Trombetas River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

canterai, Colosoma Devincenzi [G. J.] in Devincenzi & Teague 1942:74, fig. [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo (Serie 2) v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 12268] Río Uruguay, Uruguay. Holotype (unique): apparently lost. Type catalog: Olazarri et al. 1970:3 [ref. 23527], Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. Genus should have been spelled Colossoma. •Synonym of Colossoma mitrei (Berg 1895) -- (authors). •Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

careospinus, Pristobrycon Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1992:69, Fig. 20 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] El Loro lagoon, Río Atabapo, 1 kilometer from San Fernando De Atabapo, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela, 4°00'N, 67°50'W. Holotype (unique): MBUCV-V-8145. Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:14 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Pristobrycon careospinus Fink & Machado-Allison 1992 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:53 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Serrasalmus careospinus (Fink & Machado-Allison 1992) -- (Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus careospinus (Fink & Machado-Allison 1992). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

cariba, Serrasalmo Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:216, [173], Pl. 47 (fig. 1) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Apuré and Orinoco rivers, South America. No types known. Name available from plate and caption on p. 216. Description is on p. 173, as "Serrasalmo albus, dorso..."; if albus is regarded as an available name, Fink serves as first reviser selecting cariba (see Fink 1993:669 [ref. 20937]). •Synonym of Pygocentrus notatus (Lütken 1875) -- (Fuller et al. 1999:189 [ref. 25838]). •More likely a species of Serrasalmus -- (Nico 2001:139 [ref. 25828]). •Valid as Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Fink 1993:680 [ref. 20937], Machado-Allison et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26045], Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061] with authors as Humboldt & Valenciennes, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633] with authors as Humboldt & Valenciennes, Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Apuré and Orinoco rivers (Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

caribe, Serrasalmus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:279 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Orinoco River, Venezuela. No types known. Appeared first as Serrasalmo cariba Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821: Pl. 27 (fig. 1). •Valid as Pygocentrus caribe (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:122 [ref. 22050], Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654]). •See account of Serrasalmo cariba Humboldt. •Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

coccogenis, Serrasalmus Fowler [H. W.] 1911:428, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1383] La Pedrita, Caño Uracoa, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 37870. Paratypes: ANSP 37871-75 (5), FMNH 55906 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:79 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908, subspecies bilineaetus (Eigenmann 1909) -- (Géry 1972:220 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner 1908) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908 -- (Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

compressus, Serrasalmus Jégu [M.], Leão [E. L. M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1991:102, Figs. 2 (a-b) [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 13589] Laguna Mocovi, Río Mocovi, Béni Province, Bolivia. Holotype: MNHN 1986-0615. Paratypes: MNHN 1986-0616 (9, 1 c&s), 1986-0617 (3), 1986-0618 (1), 1986-0619 (1), 1988-1703 (3), 1988-1704 (1); INPA 1341 (3), 1342 (1), 1343 (1), 1344 (2), 1345 (1), 3327 (3); UTB (Univ. Técnica del Beni, Trinidad) uncat. (6), uncat. (1). •Valid as Serrasalmus compressus Jégu, Leão & Santos 1991 -- (Merckx et al. 2000:197 [ref. 24718], Fink & Machado-Allison 2001:10 [ref. 25510], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Hubert & Renno 2010:57 [ref. 31099], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40628], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus compressus Jégu, Leão & Santos 1991. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: middle Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

cuiaba, Metynnis Pavanelli [C. S.], Ota [R. P.] & Petry [P.] 2009:142, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30246] Município de Barão de Melgaço and Santo Antônio do Leverger, baía Sinhá Mariana, rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin, 16°20'20"S, 55°54'10"W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 100626. Paratypes: MCZ 168058 (1), 168059 (1); MZUSP 100627 (6); NUP 2055 (2), 2933 (1), 3276 (1), 4782 (5), 5211 (1), 5220 (1), 5264 (2), 5265 (1), 5266 (1), 5268 (1), 5213 (2). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Metynnis cuiaba Pavanelli, Ota & Petry 2009 -- (Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis cuiaba Pavanelli, Ota & Petry 2009. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: upper portions of rio Paraguai basin (Mato Grosso, central Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

denticulatus, Serrasalmus Cuvier [G.] 1819:371 [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Locality unknown [Guyana]. No types known. •Valid as Serrasalmus denticulatus Cuvier 1819 -- (Géry 1972:209 [ref. 1594], Planquette et al. 1996:374 [ref. 22818]). •Valid as Pygopristis denticulatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Taphorn 1992:312 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:43 [ref. 27640]). •Valid as Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:185 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers; tributaries of lower Amazon (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

discoideus, Myletes Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:30 [22] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Bananeira, Rio Branco, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntype: NMW 16407 (1, dry). On p. 22 of separate. Name first used in Kner 1858, p. 165 [ref. 18871]. •Synonym of Myleus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

divaricatus, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:215 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8629 [dry]. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:27 [ref. 19577]. •Questionably a synonym of Myleus pacu (Jardine & Schomburgk 1841) -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:37 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

doidyxodon, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:222 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazon River. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9868. •Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:37 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dulcis, Pygocentrus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:44 [36] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 36 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Serrasalmo spilopleura Kner. •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

dungerni, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1925:108 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1923; ref. 15525] Amazon River at Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 23683. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:210 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

duriventris, Myletes Cuvier [G.] 1818:451, Pl. 22 (fig. 2) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Holotype: MNHN A-9891 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:28 [ref. 19577]. For information on types see Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061]. Apparently the correct spelling when in Mylossoma is duriventre. •Valid as Mylossoma duriventris (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:286 [ref. 23654], Gómez & Chebez 1996:52 [ref. 23791], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:90, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Mateussi et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35820], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40665], Loureiro et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40506], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguai, lower Paraná and Uruguai basins (Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

edulis, Myletes Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:68 [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] No distinguishing features provided; for a species from Paraguay. •In the synonymy of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

ehrhardti, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1927:273 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 69 (nos 11/12) (art. 1); ref. 15754] Mundurucú, Rio Manacapuru, Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMB 23685. Paralectotype: ZMB 32435 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 1999:210 [ref. 23984]. •Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:211 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:25 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20677. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis argenteus Ahl 1923 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:202 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis argenteus Ahl 1923. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Serrasalmus Norman [J. R.] 1929:804, Fig. 16 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Rockstone, Guyana. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1911.10.31.496. Norman mentions only one specimen (type of the species) in the original description. •Valid as Pristobrycon eigenmanni (Norman 1929) -- (Jégu & Santos 2001:136 [ref. 25562]). •Valid as Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman 1929 -- (Géry 1972:224 [ref. 1594], Machado-Allison 2002:81 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Silvano et al. 2020:191 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40665], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman 1929. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

ellipticus, Myletes Günther [A.] 1864:375 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.33 (1) Essequibo R., 1971.5.10.63 (1). •Questionably a synonym of Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:162 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu et al. 2004:127, 128 [ref. 27829], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:120 [ref. 35868], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatus, Serrasalmus Kner [R.] 1858:167 [7] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. No types known. Possible syntypes: NMW 904 (1), 16240 (1, dry), 16343 (1, day), 16345 (1, dry), 57016 (1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:44 [36 in separate], Pl. 5 (fig. 12) [ref. 7130]. •Valid as Serrasalmus elongatus Kner 1858 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:334 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:74 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:187 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40628], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus elongatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

emarginatus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:231, Pl. 19 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Not available, name in text under Salmo emarginatus. •Questionably in the synonymy of Serrasalmus aureus gymnogenys (Günther 1864) -- (Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594]). •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

erythrophthalmus, Salmo Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1860:43 [35] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 35 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Serrasalmo aureus Spix; from Rio Vaupe, Matogrosso, Brazil. •In the synonymy of Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

erythrophthalmus, Salmo Natterer [J.] in Diesing 1836:24 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 18471] Not available, no distinguishing characters mentioned. Mentioned by Kner 1860 in passing under Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Serrasalmidae.

esguiceroi, Utiaritichthys Pereira [T. N. A.] & Castro [R. M. C.] 2014:398, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33385] Mato Grosso State, rio Tapajós drainage, rio Juruena, nearby the município de Sapezal, 12°51’29"S, 58°55’23"W, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 8184. Paratypes: LIRP 8185 (11, 2 c&s), MCP 46331 (3), MZUSP 109232 (3). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira & Castro 2014 -- (Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira & Castro 2014. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Juruena drainage, Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1931:407, Fig. [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1930; ref. 16255] Rio Capiuru [Capim], Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Metynnis fasciatus Ahl 1931 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:212 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:181 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis fasciatus Ahl 1931. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Capiuru River drainage, middle Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

fernandezi, Serrasalmus Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1965:[1], Fig. [Evencias No. 16; ref. 17535] El Polvero, Río San José, Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 65637. Paratypes: AFY 51249 (2), 55051 (now 0), 65631 (5); MACLPI 65626 (33), 65638 (13); MBUCV-V-15846 [ex AFY 55051] (1). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:17 [ref. 24196]. On first unnumbered page. •Synonym of Serrasalmus irritans Peters 1877 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:80 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus irritans Peters 1877. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

ferox, Serrasalmo Swainson [W.] 1838:254 [The natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, & reptiles, or monocardian animals. v. 1; ref. 4302] Based on Spix, Pl. 28. •Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:421 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

filosus, Myletes Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:27 [19] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 19 separate. Not available, name mentioned in synonymy; from Mato Grosso, Brazil. •In the synonymy of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae.

fowleri, Wateina Amaral Campos [A.] 1946:219, Fig. 2 [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Santarém, Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3572. Type catalog: Britski 1969:202 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:498 [ref. 23140]. Genus should have been spelled Waiteina. •Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

fumarius, Pygopristis Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:95 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guiana [Guyana]. Syntypes: ZMB 3622 (2), 6252 (2). Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:35, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [ref. 3071]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus denticulatus Cuvier 1819 -- (Géry 1972:210 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:43 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

geryi, Serrasalmus Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1988:248, Pl. 8 [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 16245] Rio Araguaia, Araguacema, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 999. Paratypes: INPA 1000-1001 (3, 3); MNHN 1987-1070 to 1071 (1, 2). •Valid as Serrasalmus geryi Jégu & Santos 1988 -- (Jégu et al. 1991:97 [ref. 13589], Merckx et al. 2000:197 [ref. 24718], Fink & Machado-Allison 2001:10 [ref. 25510], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus geryi Jégu & Santos 1988. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins and upper Paraná River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbosus, Pygopristis Starks [E. C.] 1913:17, Pl. 3 [Leland Stanford Jr. University Publications, University Series; ref. 4197] Market at Pará, Brazil. Holotype: CAS-SU 22226. Paratypes: (several) AMNH 3932 (2), CAS-SU 22222 (9). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:26 [ref. 12291]. The type specimen designated in plate 3. •Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner 1908) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908 -- (Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbus, Serrasalmus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:71, Pl. 38 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Araguay, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8648 (dry). •Valid as Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau 1855 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau 1855. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

goeldii, Metynnis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1903:147 [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 45; ref. 1218] Brazil. Lectotype: CAS 70686 [ex. CAS-SU 5205]. Based on Myletes lippincottianus of Ulrey 1895 (not of Cope). Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 2008:193 [ref. 29917]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:185 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:195 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

goslinei, Myleus (Paramyloplus) ternetzi Géry [J.] 1972:171, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-2) [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 122; ref. 1594] Brokopondo, Suriname River, Suriname. Holotype: RMNH 26467. Paratypes: Géry 0612 (2), Géry 5750 (1), Géry uncat. (1), RMNH 8 lots (35), unknown museum (1), ZMH H1773 (1). Additional material: RMNH uncat. (1), ZMA 104286 (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. •Synonym of Myleus ternetzi (Norman 1929), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Géry 1972:171 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus ternetzi (Norman 1929) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus ternetzi (Norman 1929) -- (Andrade et al. 2016:164 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868]). •Synonym of Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman 1929 -- (Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman 1929. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gouldingi, Serrasalmus Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1992:58, Figs. 2, 12, 13-14 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] Anavilhanas, Río Negro, Brazil, 2°50'S, 61°00'W. Holotype: MZUSP 42363. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-20799 (1), MZUSP 42364 (1), UMMZ 217835 (?4 of 8). Other non-type material at MCNG, MAC-PAY, UMMZ. Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:17 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink & Machado-Allison 1992 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:77 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Freeman et al. 2007:16 [ref. 29167], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:187 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink & Machado-Allison 1992. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

gracilior, Serrasalmo humeralis var. Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:257, Fig. 9 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Syntypes: FMNH 56977 [ex CM 5791] (now 3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305] as 2 specimens, Ibarra & Stewart 1987:79 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

guaporensis, Metynnis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:267, Pl. 54 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56913 [ex CM 5729]. Paratypes: FMNH 56914-15 [ex CM 5729, smaller specimens] (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:56 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann 1915 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:190 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 186 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann 1915. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Guaporé River drainage, Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gurupyensis, Myleus Steindachner [F.] 1911:342 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 48 (no. 16) (for 28 June 1911); ref. 14816] Rio Gurupi at Chatão, Brazil. Syntypes: (2) NMW 10589 (1). •Valid as Myleus gurupyensis Steindachner 1911 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559]). •Synonym of Myleus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gymnogenys, Serrasalmo Günther [A.] 1864:371 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1971.5.10.59 (1) British Guiana [Guyana], 1849.11.8.33 (1) Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. •Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829), but a valid subspecies -- (Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829 -- (Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

hastatus, Serrasalmus Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 2001:4, Figs. 2-8 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 730; ref. 25510] Rio Branco, Marara beach, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 66893. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-29500 (1); MZUSP 66894-96 (7, 2, 1), 66898 (1); UMMZ 238358 (3). •Valid as Serrasalmus hastatus Fink & Machado-Allison 2001 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Hubert & Renno 2010:57 [ref. 31099], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus hastatus Fink & Machado-Allison 2001. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

heinrothi, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:29, Fig. 3 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River (?). Holotype (unique): ZMB 20662. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:208 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

herniarius, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1872:268, Pl. 12 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 8025. Paralectotype: ANSP 7990 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621] as hernarius. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:476, Fig. 56 [ref. 1374]. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventris Cuvier 1817 -- (authors). •Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Taphorn 1992:284 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Mateussi et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

hollandi, Serrasalmo Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:251, Pl. 48 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 56978 [ex CM 5792]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:79 [ref. 12367]. A neotype (UMSS 10348) was selected by Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628] without commenting on the existing holotype (FMNH 56978), or proving that the holotype might be lost (also in an electronic publication without ZooBank registration); this neotype designation is therefore invalid. •Valid as Serrasalmus hollandi Eigenmann 1915 -- (Jégu & Santos 2001:136 [ref. 25562], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Hubert & Renno 2010:58 [ref. 31099], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:188 [ref. 38133], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus hollandi Eigenmann 1915. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Madeira River basin and ?Guyana rivers (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and ?Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.

humeralis, Serrasalmus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:279 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazonas, Brazil [evidently in error for Araguaia River, Tocantins basin]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9735. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:25 [ref. 19577]. See Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061] for type locality information. •Valid as Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Géry 1972:226 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1991:39 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:376 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2015:42 [ref. 33654] as Serrasalmo humeralis, Melo et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:21 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

hypsauchen, Myletes Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:97 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guyana. Lectotype: ZMH 2865. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1971.5.10.60 (1); ZMB 3641 (1), 3642 (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:23 [ref. 3071]. Lectotype selected by Géry 1972:190 [ref. 1594]. •Valid as Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:190 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:257 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:173 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 186 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:162 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay River basins and northern Guiana Shield rivers (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

immaculatus, Serrasalmo Cope [E. D.] 1878:692 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Lectotype: ANSP 21503. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21504-05 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Original genus misspelled Serrasalimo in main heading. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:471, Fig. 54 [ref. 1374]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

iridopsis, Serrasalmo Cope [E. D.] 1872:268, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu [Ampyiacu], Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7913. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621]. •Questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

irritans, Serrasalmo Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1877:472 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1877; ref. 18538] San Fernando Apure, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): ZMB 10045. •Valid as Serrasalmus irritans Peters 1877 -- (Taphorn 1992:337 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:80 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus irritans Peters 1877. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

knerii, Myletes Steindachner [F.] 1881:127 [27], Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 43; ref. 14290] Maroni River, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): NMW 56394. On p. 27 of separate. •Valid as Myleus knerii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Géry 1972:169 [ref. 1594], Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2018:[11] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus knerii (Steindachner 1881). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Maroni River basin, French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

kranponhah, Tometes Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.] 2016:469, Figs. 1-5, 7-9 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 89 (no. 1); ref. 34140] Cachoeira do Espelho, Rio Xingu, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 3°38'49.9"S, 52°22'54.5"W. Holotype: MPEG 31000. Paratypes: ANSP, GEA, INPA, IRSNB, MPEG, MZUSP, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Tometes kranponhah Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016 -- (Andrade et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:430 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes kranponhah Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

latus, Myletes Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:97 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Syntypes: ZMB 3643 (1), 3644 (1). Not available, name in synonymy of Tetragonopterus latus Jardine 1841. •In the synonymy of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •In the synonymy of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae.

latus, Tetragonopterus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:241 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rivers of Guyana. No types known. Myletes latus Muller & Troschel 1844:97 mentioned by Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 as described as a synonym of Tetragonopterus latus Jardin 1841 -- latus of Muller & Troschel is therefore a name in synonymy and not available; based on specimens mentioned, Jégu placed as a synonym of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). •Synonym of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Géry 1972:183 [ref. 1594]). •Species inquirenda in family Characidae, subfamily Serrasalminae -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:193 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lebaili, Tometes Jégu [M.], Keith [P.] & Belmont-Jégu [E.] 2002:26, Figs. 2-5, 7-12 [Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture v. 364; ref. 26274] Rapids upstream of the Litany River at Antecume Pata village, 3°18'06.4"N, 54°04'54.1"W, Maroni River system, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 2001-2384. Paratypes: MNHN 2000-6038 (2), 2000-6047 (1), 2001-1212 (1), 2001-1213 (1), 2001-1215 (1), 2001-1231 (2). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Tometes lebaili Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu 2002 -- (Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Andrade et al. 2013:297 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:430 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes lebaili Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu 2002. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages of French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

levis, Myleus Eigenmann [C. H.] & McAtee [W. L.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:142, Pl. 42 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Bahia Negra, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 62107 [ex IU 10156]. •Valid as Myleus levis Eigenmann & McAtee 1907 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Myloplus levis (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907) -- (Britski et al. 1999:58 [ref. 24147], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus levis (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

lippincottianus, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1870:561, Fig. [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11; ref. 914] Pará, Brazil. Syntype: ?ANSP 8024 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621]. See Planquette et al. 1996:362 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:179 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 186 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364], Silvano et al. 2020:165 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Brandão et al. 2023:141 [ref. 40464], Koerber et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and northeastern Guiana Shield rivers (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and French Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.

lobatus, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:212 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5244 (1, poor condition), BMNH 1849.11.8.32-33 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:26 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Myleus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:120 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Silvano et al. 2020:171 [ref. 38133], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

longidorsalis, Utiaritichthys Jégu [M.], de Morais [L. T.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1992:114, Figs. 1, 7a, 7b, 8 [Cybium v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 19734] Rio Aripuana, 3 kilometers from above the Dardanellos Fall, Madeira basin, 60°40'W, 9°10'S, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 3638. Paratype: INPA 4811 (1). •Valid as Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu, de Morais & Santos 1992 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Pereira & Castro 2014:397 [ref. 33385], Andrade et al. 2016:165 [ref. 34307], Ota et al. 2024:432 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu, de Morais & Santos 1992. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River drainage, western Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

longipinnis, Metynnis Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 2008:175, Figs. 1-2 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29917] Mündung rio Casiquiare -- rio Negro, Venezuela. Holotype and paratype: CAS-SU 54688 (2). The holotype is not identified because of similar size to the paratype. •Valid as Metynnis longipinnis Zarske & Géry 2008 -- (Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis longipinnis Zarske & Géry 2008. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro drainage, Venezuela and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lucienae, Myloplus Andrade [M. C.], Ota [R. P.], Bastos [D. A.] & Jégu [M.] 2016:572, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4205 (no. 6); ref. 34960] Rio Carabinani, Novo Airão, Amazonas, Brazil, 2°01'25"S, 61°32'35"W. Holotype: INPA 30717. Paratypes: INPA, MZUEL. •Valid as Myloplus lucienae Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu 2016 -- (Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Silvano et al. 2020:175 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus lucienae Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu 2016. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro basin, Amazonas (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

luna, Metynnis Cope [E. D.] 1878:692 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Amazon River basin, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 21443. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:50 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Metynnis luna Cope 1878 -- (Géry 1972:189 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:260 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:181 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 187 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis luna Cope 1878. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

luna, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:221 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Lectotype: MNHN A-9870 (290 mm SL). Paralectotypes: MNHN A-8632 (1, dry), 2000-0148 [ex A-9870] (3) Cayenne, A-9895 (1, poor condition) Colombia. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:26-27 [ref. 19577]. Lectotype selected by Géry 1972:163 [ref. 1594]. •Questionably a synonymy of Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:162 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu et al. 2004:127 [ref. 27829], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

macropomus, Myletes Cuvier [G.] 1816:Tome IV, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8626 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:28 [ref. 19577]. Name appeared on the Plate. Also described as new in Cuvier 1818:453, Pl. 21 (fig. 3) [ref. 1016]. •Valid as Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Goulding & Carvalho 1982 [ref. 13855], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Loubens & Panfili 1997:1 [ref. 22895], Fuller et al. 1999:182 [ref. 25838], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928], Ross et al. 2001:293 [ref. 25978], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061] dated 1818, Kottelat 2013:215 [ref. 32989], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:88, 186 [ref. 35004], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], Miesen et al. 2016:82 [ref. 34492], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Silvano et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38133], Angulo 2021:8 [ref. 38913], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39235], Chan et al. 2023:138 [ref. 40365], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela). Introduced or raised in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panama, Italy, Southeast Asia and Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

macropterus, Mylesinus Ulrey [A. B.] 1894:612 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 331); ref. 12356] Brazil. Holotype (unique): CUMV 3267. Species was originally described on a single specimen as above, later described as new based on two specimens in Ulrey 1895:296 [ref. 12371]. •Synonym of Catoprion mento (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Mateussi et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37676], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Catoprion mento (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Myletes Kner [R.] 1858:164 [4] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 56396. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1928.1.24.10 [ex NMW] (1); NMW 56408 (1), 56410 (1), 56415 (1). Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 1999:176 [ref. 23984]. Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:26 [18 in separate], Pl. 2 (fig. 5) [ref. 7130]. Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061] has confused the original genus of this species with the species appearing on p. 166 in Kner 1858. •Valid as Metynnis maculatus (Kner 1858) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Gómez & Chebez 1996:52 [ref. 23791], Zarske & Géry 1999:176 [ref. 23984], Britski et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24147], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:185 [ref. 29917], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Mirande 2010:473 [ref. 31006], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis maculatus (Kner 1858). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, ?Paraguay and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Serrasalmus Kner [R.] 1858:166 [6] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 17995. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1928.1.24.10 [ex NMW] (1); ?NMW 57058 (1), NMW 17996 (1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:49 [41 in separate], Pl. 4 (fig. 10) [ref. 7130]. Lectotype selected by Jégu & Santos 2001:129 [ref. 25562]. •Valid as Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858 -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu & Santos 2001:119 [ref. 25562], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:472 [ref. 31006], Koerber 2011:1 [ref. 31122], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Dickens 2019:166 [ref. 37135], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Silvano et al. 2020:188 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Brandão et al. 2023:143 [ref. 40464], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:4 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40740], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40616], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40628], Loureiro et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40506], Çiçek et al. 2024:269 [ref. 40789], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Tomete Amaral Campos [A.] 1944:211, Fig. [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 4 (no. 14); ref. 13164] Amazon River, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3356. Type catalog: Britski 1969:202 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:497 [ref. 23140]. Original genus should have been spelled Tometes. •Synonym of Myleus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculipinnis, Pristobrycon Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1992:66, Fig. 19 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] Caño Doyotomoni, tributary of Río Pamoni, 4 kilometers south of the confluence with Río Casiquiare, Venezuela, 2°48'N, 64°54'W. Holotype: MBUCV-V-16421. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-20803 (1), MCNG 21757 (2), UMMZ 219203 (2). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:14-15 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Pristobrycon maculipinnis Fink & Machado-Allison 1992 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:53 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:180 [ref. 38133]). •Valid as Serrasalmus maculipinnis (Fink & Machado-Allison 1992) -- (Kolmann et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37721], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus maculipinnis (Fink & Machado-Allison 1992). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

magallanesi, Serrasalmus Gallo-Cardozo [F.], Maldonado [M.], Careaga [M.] & Carvajal-Vallejos [F. M.] 2024:[7], Figs. 2-3b [Journal of Ichthyology In press; ref. 40973] Laguna 27 de Mayo, Beni River subbasin, upper Madeira River system, Amazon basin, Vaca Diez Province, Beni Department, Bolivia, 11°24'6"S, 66°24'43"W. Holotype: UMSS 11070. Paratypes: UMSS. Available from the printed edition. •Valid as Serrasalmus magallanesi Gallo-Cardozo, Maldonado, Careaga & Carvajal-Vallejos 2024. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus magallanesi Gallo-Cardozo, Maldonado, Careaga & Carvajal-Vallejos 2024. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: upper Madeira River drainage, western Amazon River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

makue, Tometes Jégu [M.], Santos [G. M. dos] & Belmont-Jégu [E.] 2002:254, Figs. 2, 4 (A-B), 5 (A-C), 6-12, 13 (A), 14-16 [Cybium v. 26 (no. 4); ref. 26654] Downstream of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, rio Negro, Ile d'Acara, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 7344. Paratypes: INPA 4915-16 (2, 2), 4920 (4); MNHN 2001-2712 [ex INPA 4920] (3). •Valid as Tometes makue Jégu, Santos & Belmont-Jégu 2002 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:297 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes makue Jégu, Santos & Belmont-Jégu 2002. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: middle and upper Negro River and Orinoco River basins, Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

manueli, Pygocentrus Fernández-Yépez [A.] & Ramírez [M. V.] 1967:11, Fig. 4 [Los Caribes (serrasalmidos) de Venezuela y las pesquerias; ref. 21018] Río Paraguaza, Middle Orinoco River, Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 57247. Paratypes: MACLPI 57901 (2). •A species of Serrasalmus -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Valid as Serrasalmus manueli (Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez 1967) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:76 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Freeman et al. 2007:16 [ref. 29167], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:189 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus manueli (Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez 1967). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

marginatus, Serrasalmus Valenciennes [A.] 1837:Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Rio Paraná, Brazil. Syntypes [incorrect]: MNHN A-9734 (3). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:25 [ref. 19577]. Name available from plate, description in Valenciennes 1847:10 [ref. 5010] as Serrasalme marginatus. Pl. 10 dates to 1837. The figured specimen is the holotype. •Valid as Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes 1837 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Sverlij et al. 1998:22 [ref. 27632] dated 1847, Britski et al. 1999:66 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061] dated 1837, López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:24 [ref. 35267], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40628], Loureiro et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40506], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes 1837. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

medinai, Serrasalmus Ramírez [M. V.] 1965:1, Fig. on p. 2 [Evencias No. 15; ref. 20768] El Polvero, Río San José, Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MAC 65622. Paratypes: MAC 63604 (1), AFY 63200 (1). •Valid as Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez 1965 -- (Taphorn 1992:331 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:71 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:189 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez 1965. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

melanogrammus, Metynnis Ota [R. P.], Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Jégu [M.] 2016:2, Figs. 1-7 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 4) e160023; ref. 35002] Rio Parauari, Monte Sinai community, Maués, Amazonas, Brazil, 4°21'28"S, 57°35'54"W. Holotype: INPA 52216. Paratypes: ANSP 200146 (2); INPA 11804 (1), 18657 (4), 19994 (3), 34811 (2), 37249 (2), 39507 (3), 42313 (1), 46289 (3), 46469 (2), 46472 (1), 52432 (5, 2 skel.); MCNG 12414 (1); MZUEL 15328 (1); MZUSP 119008 (2); NUP 17869 (1). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Metynnis melanogrammus Ota, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu 2016 -- (Silvano et al. 2020:168 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis melanogrammus Ota, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu 2016. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Venezuela and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

melanurus, Pygocentrus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:42 [34] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 34 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Serrasalmo maculatus Kner. •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

mento, Serrasalmus Cuvier [G.] 1819:369, Pl. 28 (fig. 3) [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Brazil [from the Cabinet d'Ajuda, Lisbon]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9869 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:28-29 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Catoprion mento (Cuvier 1819) -- (Géry 1972:207 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:149 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:58 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:87, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Mateussi et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37676], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Catoprion mento (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon, Orinoco and upper Paraguay River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

mesopotamicus, Myletes (Myleus) Holmberg [E. L.] 1887:387 [Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba v. 10; ref. 27229] Río Uruguay and Río Baradero, afluente del Rio Paraná, Uruguay. Syntypes: (2, whereabouts unknown). Also appeared in Holmberg 1891:193 [ref. 2192]. •Valid as Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:188 [ref. 25838], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:472 [ref. 31006], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:91, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:4 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40740], Loureiro et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40506], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

micans, Myletes (Tometes) Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1875:137 [11] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas, Rio Taquarucu, Rio São Francisco system, Brazil. Syntypes: ZMUC 260-261: Rio das Velhas. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:45 [ref. 9588]. On p. 11 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:241 (and p. XVIII of summary) [ref. 19674]. •Valid as Myletes micans Lütken 1875 -- (Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Myleus micans (Lütken 1875) -- (Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35880], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus micans (Lütken 1875). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mitrei, Myletes Berg [C.] 1895:149 [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 4; ref. 14575] Río Paraná, San Pedro, Argentina. Syntypes: BMNH 1928.1.25.6-7 [ex MACN] (2); MACN 4911 (1), 5690 (1); MHNM. Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:103 [ref. 23697], Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. •Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:189 [ref. 25838] as metrei, Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mola, Metynnis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:528 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 60784 [ex IU 10049]. Paratypes: FMNH 52575 (1); CAS 60784 [ex IU 10050] (1), ?CAS 70843 [ex IU 10051] (1); ?ZMB 16978-79 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:56 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Metynnis mola Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:186 [ref. 23984], Britski et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:117 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis mola Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

nalseni, Serrasalmus Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1969:unnumbered p. 3 [Evencias No. 23; ref. 21207] Río Uracoa, 9°10'N, 62°27'W, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Neotype: MBUCV-V-35389. Paratype: MACLPI 68697 (1 of 2 [lost]). Holotype MACLPI 68697 (91.2 mm) is lost. Neotype designated by Machado-Allison et al. 2009:122 [ref. 30953]. •Valid as Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez 1969 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:83 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:122 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez 1969. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

nattereri, Pygocentrus Kner [R.] 1858:166 [6] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Cuiabá and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 10585-86 (1, 1), ?16167 (1, dry). Also appeared in Kner 1860:36 [p. 28 in separate], Pl. 3 (fig. 8) [ref. 7130] as new. •Valid as Serrasalmus nattereri (Kner 1858) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Géry 1972:239 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791]). •Valid as Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858 -- (Fink 1993:672 [ref. 20937] with type locality comments, Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Fink & Zelditch 1997:179 [ref. 22686], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:189 [ref. 25838], Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:92, 187 [ref. 35004], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Melo et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34701], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565] with author as (Kner 1858), Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Dickens 2019:166 [ref. 37135], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:182 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Koerber et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39235], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455], Loureiro et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40506], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Paraguay-Paraná River basin, northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers and Essequibo River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay). Introduced in Italy, Romania and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

neveriensis, Serrasalmus Machado-Allison [A.], Fink [W. L.], López Rojas [H.] & Rodenas [R.] 1993:48, Figs. 4-7 [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 14 (no. 4); ref. 20770] Río Querecual, tributary Río Neveri, Querechual, Estado Anzoálegui, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV 15439. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-3650 (1), V-3677 (2), V-3736 (1), V-20698 to 702 (1, 1, 2, 3, 2), 20783 (1), V-27936 (4); MHNLS 2108 (5), 2428 (1), 2520 (1). Type catalog: Lasso et al. 1998:42 [ref. 23639] but 2520 not mentioned, Provenzano et al. 1998:17 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas & Rodenas 1993 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:73 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas & Rodenas 1993. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Caribbean coastal rivers of Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

niger, Serrasalmus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:225, Pl. 18 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Guyana. No types known. •Valid as Serrasalmus niger Jardine 1841 -- (Géry 1972:239 [ref. 1594]). •In genus Pygocentrus -- (Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:110 [ref. 22050]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigricans, Serrasalmo Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:72, Pl. 30 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Equatorial rivers of Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. No types known. •Species of Serrasalmus -- (Fink 1993:670 [ref. 20937]). •Valid as Serrasalmus nigricans Spix & Agassiz 1829 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061] with author as Agassiz). •Species inquirenda -- (Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigricauda, Serrasalmo Burmeister [H. K.] 1861:536 [Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten v. 2; ref. 23859] Río Paraná, near Rosario, Argentina. No types known. For English and Spanish translation see Koerber & Litz 2008:5 [ref. 29451]. •See Koerber & Litz 2008:5 [ref. 29451]. •Valid as Serrasalmus nigricauda (Burmeister 1861) -- (Koerber 2011:1 [ref. 31122], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117] dubious taxon). •Species inquirenda -- (Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigripinnis, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1878:693 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Nauta, Peruvian Amazon, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21124. Paralectotype: larger specimen mentioned in original description (whereabouts unknown). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621] as holotype. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:473, Fig. 55 [ref. 1374]. •Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrolineatus, Myloplus Ota [R. P.], Machado [V. N.], Andrade [M. C.], Collins [R. A.], Farias [I. P.] & Hrbek [T.] 2020:Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 1) e190112; ref. 37456] Lago Tracajá, tributary of rio Juma, about 60 km south of Manaus, rio Amazonas basin, Amazonas State, Brazil, 3°41'15"S, 59°57'01"W. Holotype: INPA 54773. Paratypes: INPA. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Myloplus nigrolineatus Ota, Machado, Andrade, Collins, Farias & Hrbek 2020 -- (Silvano et al. 2020:177 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus nigrolineatus Ota, Machado, Andrade, Collins, Farias & Hrbek 2020. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

normani, Acnodon Gosline [W. A.] 1951:43, Pl. 3; Fig. 5b [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 27 (no. 2); ref. 12353] Rio Santa Teresa, a western tributary of upper Rio Tocantins, Goiaz State, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 20223. Paratypes: (17) CAS 20224 (9), UMMZ 144344 (8), USNM 232931 (1). Additional material: CUMV 3272. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:4 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Acnodon normani Gosline 1951 -- (Géry 1972:203 [ref. 1594], Jégu & Santos 1990:189 [ref. 20145], Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Acnodon normani Gosline 1951. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Xingu and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

normani, Serrasalmus (Taddyella) Géry [J.] 1964:614, Figs. 4, 5a [Vie et Milieu v. 14 (fasc. 3) [for 1963]; ref. 10056] Suriname. Holotype: ZMH H1601. Paratypes: Géry coll. •Genus Serrasalmus -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Géry 1972:226 [ref. 1594], Machado-Allison 2002:69 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061] dating to 1963, Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

notatus, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) Lütken [C. F.] 1875:238 [49] [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1874 (nos 12-16); ref. 17563] Caracas, Venezuela. Syntype: ZMUC 517 (1) Puerto Cabello. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:45 [ref. 9588]. On p. 49 of separate. •Synonym of Pygocentrus caribe (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:122 [ref. 22050], Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Pygocentrus notatus (Lütken 1875) -- (Fuller et al. 1999:189 [ref. 25838]). •Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Fink 1993:684 [ref. 20937], Machado-Allison et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26045], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

ocellatum, Mylosoma Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:265 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Río Confuso at Villa Hays, Paraguay. Holotype: FMNH 56816 [ex CM 5629]. Paratypes: (19) FMNH 15007-08 (1, 1), 56817 (13). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:58 [ref. 12367]. Originally appeared as new species with doubt. Original genus should have been Mylossoma. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Mateussi et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

oculus, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1872:268, Pl. 12 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 7991. Paralectotypes: ANSP 7992-8010 (19), 16696 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:472 [ref. 1374]. •Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

odyssei, Serrasalmus Hubert [N.] & Renno [J.-F.] 2010:49, 52 [Evolution of the Neotropical Ichthyofauna; ref. 31099] Rio Itenez, Bella vista, 13°31.1'S, 61°33.2'W, Madeira, Bolivia. Holotype: MNHN 2005-2216. Paratypes: many at MNHN. •Valid as Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert & Renno 2010 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:190 [ref. 38133], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert & Renno 2010. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Rio San Martin, Rio Paragá, Rio Beni and Amazon River basins (Bolivia and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

oligacanthus, Myleus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:98 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Suriname. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3635. Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:24 [ref. 3071]. •Valid as Acnodon oligacanthus (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:197 [ref. 1594], Jégu & Santos 1990:189 [ref. 20145], Planquette et al. 1996:360 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Acnodon oligacanthus (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: French Guiana, Guyana, Brazil and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

orbicularis, Myletes (Myleus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:364 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Santarem, Pará, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 56428. Paralectotypes: (several) NMW 56429 (14). Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 1999:188 [ref. 23984]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:188 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

orbignyanum, Colossoma Kochetov [A. M.] 1989:101 [ ref. 34351] No types known. •Probably in the synonymy of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) [RVL]. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

orbignyanus, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:220 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Above Corrientes, Rio Paraná, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN A-9863 (230 mm SL specimen, stuffed). Paralectotype: MNHN A-9863 (1, same cat.# as Lectotype). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:28 [ref. 19577]. Lectotype selected by Géry et al. 1987:444 [ref. 6001]. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventris (Cuvier 1818), but a valid subspecies orbignyanum (Cuvier 1818) -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:52 [ref. 23791]). •Valid as Myletes orbignyanus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131]). •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Mateussi et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

orinocensis, Myletes (Myleus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:365 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Río Orinoco at Cuidad Bolivar, Venezuela. Syntypes: (3) NMW (apparently lost). Types apparently lost (Zarske & Géry 1999:190 [ref. 23984]). •Valid as Metynnis orinocensis (Steindachner 1908) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:190 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:190 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis orinocensis (Steindachner 1908). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

orinoquensis, Piaractus Escobar L. [M. D.], Ota [R. P.], Machado-Allison [A.], Andrade-López [J.], Farias [I. P.] & Hrbek [T.] 2019:415 [5], Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 95 (no. 2); ref. 36745] Caño Falcón, nearby Camaguan, Laguna La raya, Guárico, Venezuela, 8°07’N, 67°37’W. Holotype: ANSP 163570. Paratypes: ANSP, CRI-EDIHG, ICN-MHN, INPA, MBUCV. •Valid as Piaractus orinoquensis Escobar L., Ota, Machado-Allison, Andrade-López, Farias & Hrbek 2019 -- (Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piaractus orinoquensis Escobar L., Ota, Machado-Allison, Andrade-López, Farias & Hrbek 2019. Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

otuquensis, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:26 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Bahia Negra, Río Otuquis, Bolivia or Paraguay. Holotype: ZMB 16980 (larger of 2). Paratype: ZMB 32499 [ex 16980] (1) smaller of two specimens; plus IU ? (1) cited in description [not at CAS]. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Metynnis otuquensis Ahl 1923 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:204 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis otuquensis Ahl 1923. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and Paraná River basins, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

pachyodus, Myleus Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.], Buckup [P. A.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2018:[2], Figs. 1-7 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 92 (no. 6); ref. 35880] Rio Teles Pires, Tapajós River basin, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 9°38'01"S, 55°56'01"W. Holotype: MNRJ 35023. Paratypes: CPUFMT, INPA, MNRJ, MZUSP, •Valid as Myleus pachyodus Andrade, Jégu, Buckup & Netto-Ferreira 2018 -- (Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus pachyodus Andrade, Jégu, Buckup & Netto-Ferreira 2018. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: rapids in the Tapajós River drainage, Amazon basin, Pará and Mato Grosso States, Brazil, Habitat: freshwater.

paco, Myletes Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:175, Pl. 47 (fig. 2) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Upper Río Marañon, Amazon River basin, Peru. No types known. •See Nico 2001:150 [ref. 25828]. •Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pacu, Myletes Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:236, Pls. 20-21 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Essequibo River, Guyana. No types known. •Valid as Myleus pacu (Jardine 1841) -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654] as cf. pacu, Planquette et al. 1996:366 [ref. 22818], Jégu & Santos 2002:52 [ref. 26050], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679] with authors as Jardine & Schomburgk). •Species inquirenda in Myleus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pacu, Salmo Natterer [J.] in Diesing 1841:256 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 1 (no. 11); ref. 18472] Not available, no distinguishing characters mentioned. Name spelled paccu on p. 251. •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus. Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

pacupeba, Salmo Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1860:23 [15] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 15 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier; from Maribitanos, Rio Parana, Brazil. •In the synonymy of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •In the synonymy of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae.

palometa, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:214 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Venezuela. No types known. Based on literature sources -- see Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]. •Synonym of Myleus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061] as Jardine and Schomburgk). •Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

palometa, Pygocentrus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:296 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Río Apuré, Río Guerico, Lower Río Orinoco, Venezuela. No types known. •Listed as Pygocentrus palometa Valenciennes 1850, but as a nomen dubium -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Dubium. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

paraense, Serrasalmo (Serrasalmo) Steindachner [F.] 1908:362 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 10587 (1), 57067 (1). •Questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

paraguayensis, Mylosomma Norman [J. R.] 1929:814, Fig. 19 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Río Paraguay. Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.17.254-255 (2) Río Paraguay, 1910.5.26.46 (1) San Salvador, 1910.5.26.47-48 (2) Puerto Asir. Original genus should have been Mylossoma. •Valid as Mylosomma paraguayensis Norman 1929 -- (Sverlij et al. 1998:25 [ref. 27632] as Norman 1929, Britski et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24147], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131]). •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Mateussi et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

paraschomburgkii, Mylesinus Jégu [M.], Santos [G. M. dos] & Ferreira [E.] 1989:53, Pl. 1 [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 17683] Rio Trombetas, downstream of Cachoeira Vira-Mundo, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 1226. Paratypes: INPA 1227-28 (1, 5), 1231 (5), 1239-48 (9, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), 1265 (1); MNHN 1987-1401 to 1405 (3, 1, 2, 3, 1); MZUSP 15890 (1). •Valid as Mylesinus paraschomburgkii Jégu, Santos & Ferreira 1989 -- (Jégu et al. 1992 [ref. 19558], Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:490 [ref. 34140], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Ota et al. 2024:410 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylesinus paraschomburgkii Jégu, Santos & Ferreira 1989. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

parma, Myletes Günther [A.] 1864:374 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1849.11.8.32-33 (2). •Synonym of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Géry 1972:183 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

paucisquamatus, Mylesinus Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1988:332, Pl. 1 [Cybium v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 12838] Jatobal, Rio Tocantins, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 1808. Paratypes: INPA 664 (1), 1809-12 (2, 1, 6, 3); MNHN 1988-1705 to 1707 (2, 4, 1); MZUSP 38831-32 (1, 1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:483 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu & Santos 1988 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:490 [ref. 34140], Ota et al. 2024:410 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu & Santos 1988. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pingke, Serrasalmus Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1951:[1], Fig. on 3rd unnumbered p. [Evencias No. 12; ref. 17533] Río Apure, La Defensa, suroeste de San Fernando de Apure, Estado Apure, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 1021 [not 1903] [ex AFY 51060]. Paratypes: MHNLD 1911 [ex AFY 51072] (1). Type catalog: Lasso et al. 1998:43 [ref. 23639]. On first unnumbered page. Holotype is 1021 according to Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061] on Machado-Allison and Fimk 1996. •Synonym of Serrasalmus elongatus Kner 1858 -- (Taphorn 1992:334 [ref. 23654] dated 1860, Machado-Allison 2002:74 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus elongatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

piranha, Serrasalmo Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:71, Pl. 28 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco, at Januária, 15°29'37"S, 44°21'25"W, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Reference to Cuvier [1819] as author of this name is in error. As Serrasalmo pirainha on plate. Comments on type locality see Koerber 2021:88 [ref. 38172]. •Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) -- (Fink 1993:670 [ref. 20937], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:421 [ref. 40817] with author as Agassiz). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

piraya, Serrasalmus Cuvier [G.] 1819:368, Pl. 28 (fig. 4) [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8630 [stuffed]. Non-type: MNHN A-8631 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:25 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937], Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Belei et al. 2012:767 [ref. 39473], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Ota et al. 2024:421 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil); introduced in Rio Doce (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

planquettei, Myloplus Jégu [M.], Keith [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.] 2003:835, Figs. 2-5 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 110 (no. 4); ref. 27668] Maroni River, Twenke, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 1997-730. Paratypes: MHNG 2640-26 (1); MNHN 1997-729 (1), 1997-731 (2), 2001-1224 (1), 2001-1225 (1), 2001-1226 (1), 2001-1227 (1), 2001-2345 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Myloplus planquettei Jégu, Keith & Le Bail 2003 -- (Andrade et al. 2016:165 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167]). •Valid as Myleus planquettei (Jégu, Keith & Le Bail 2003) -- (Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus planquettei (Jégu, Keith & Le Bail 2003). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Mana and Maroni basins (French Guiana and Suriname), and Essequibo basin (Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.

polystictus, Metynnis Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 2008:184, Figs. 3-4 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29917] Lagune en bordure du Ribeiro Tuatuari, haut rio Xingu, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 833. Paratypes: IRSNB 834-835 (3), 868 (5), 869 (8), 870 (6), 871 (1), 872 (4); MTD F 28486 (1). •Valid as Metynnis polystictus Zarske & Géry 2008 -- (Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:410 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis polystictus Zarske & Géry 2008. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: upper Xingu River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Serrasalmus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:223, Pl. 17 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Guyana. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus denticulatus Cuvier 1819 -- (Géry 1972:210 [ref. 1594], Machado-Allison 2002:43 [ref. 27640]). •Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061] with authors as Jardine & Schomburgk, Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

rhombeus, Salmo Linnaeus [C.] 1766:514 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Brokopondo, Suriname River, Suriname. Neotype: RMNH 26192. Neotype designated by Géry 1972:229 [ref. 1594]. •Valid as Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Géry 1972:227 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:340 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:378 [ref. 22818], Fuller et al. 1999:190 [ref. 25838], Merckx et al. 2000:185 [ref. 24718], Nakayama et al. 2001:866 [ref. 25476], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Machado-Allison 2002:69 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Hubert & Renno 2010:58 [ref. 31099], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:93, 187 [ref. 35004], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2015:45 [ref. 33654], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565] with author without parentheses, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:190 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39235], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, northern and eastern Guiana Shield, and northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers (Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela) [but not Argentina on ref. 33654]. Habitat: freshwater.

rhomboidalis, Myletes Cuvier [G.] 1818:451, Pl. 22 (fig. 3) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Non-types: MNHN 0105 (1) Essequibo, 4423 (1) Amazon, A-9862 (2) Mana R., A-9739 (1) Essequibo; ZMB 3643 (1?) Essequibo. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:26 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Géry 1972:183 [ref. 1594], Géry et al. 1991:37 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:368 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Myloplus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167]). •Valid as Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers (Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

roosevelti, Metynnis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:268, Pl. 55 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Manaus, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56925 [ex CM 5740, smallest of 3]. Paratypes: CAS 15285 [ex IU 15285; CM 5738] (1); FMNH 56923-24 (3, 3), 56926 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:56 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:194 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

rubripinnis, Myletes Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:97 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guyana. Lectotype: ZMB 23686. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1971.5.10.64 (1) Essequibo R.; ZMB 3636-37 (1, 1). Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:23 [ref. 3071]. Lectotype selected by Jégu et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27829]. •Valid as Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:162 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1991:37 [ref. 21021], Taphorn 1992:281 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:370 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800]). •Valid as Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Jégu et al. 2003:849 [ref. 27668], Jégu et al. 2004:124, 142 [ref. 27829], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Andrade et al. 2016:165 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil; introduced in Puerto Rico (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

sanchezi, Serrasalmus (Serrasalmus) Géry [J.] 1964:27, Fig. 22 [Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 1580] "Caño Yarina", on edge of Río Pacaya, tributary of Puinahua Canal, branch of lower Río Ucayali, Peru. Holotype: ZFMK 1216. Paratypes: MHNG 2150.7 (1), ZFMK 1217 (1). Type catalog: Busse 1984:217 [ref. 28342], Herder et al. 2010:118 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Serrasalmus sanchezi Géry 1964 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus sanchezi Géry 1964. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

scapularis, Serrasalmo Günther [A.] 1864:368 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.34-36 (3), 1971.5.10.58 (1). •Synonym of Serrasalmus serrulatus (Valenciennes 1850), but a valid subspecies -- (Géry 1972:222 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym [of the younger] Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864 -- (Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers (Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

schomburgkii, Mylesinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:235, Pl. 644 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9855 (head). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:27-28 [ref. 19577]. Based on a drawing but "underlying" specimen is holotype. •Valid as Mylesinus schomburgkii Valenciennes 1850 -- (Géry 1972:188 [ref. 1594], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:490 [ref. 34140], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679], Ota et al. 2024:410 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylesinus schomburgkii Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Orinoco River basins: Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

schomburgkii, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:212 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Suriname (?). Possible syntypes: ZMB 3638-39 (1, 1). •Synonym of Myleus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

schomburgkii, Tetragonopterus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:243, Pl. 22 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Negro, Brazil. No types known. •Valid as Myleus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061] with authors as Jardine & Schomburgk). •Valid as Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Silvano et al. 2020:176 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: middle and lower Amazon River basin, Xingu River, Nanay River, upper Orinoco River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Peru, ?Suriname, and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

schreitmuelleri, Metynnis calichromus Ahl [E.] in Schreitmüller & Ahl 1922:265, Abb. 1 [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 19 (no. 14); ref. 21848] Amazon River, South America. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20664. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Original as Schreitmülleri. Also in Ahl 1923:19 [ref. 19929]. •Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:196 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:190 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

schulzei, Myloplus Ahl [E.] 1938:191 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 124 (no. 7); ref. 17129] South America (specific locality unknown). Holotype (unique): ZMB 20814. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Myloplus schulzei Ahl 1938 -- (Jégu 2001:383 [ref. 25923], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu et al. 2004:128 [ref. 27829], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

scotopterus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:233 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Branco, South America. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

seitzi, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:28 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River (aquarium import). Holotype (unique): ZMB 20663. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:207 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

senai, Acnodon Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1990:195, Fig. 6D [Cybium v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 20145] Beach at downstream of Rio Jari, Amapà, Carapatinho Island, Brazil, 0°35'45"S, 52°38'20"W. Holotype: INPA 2680. Paratypes: INP 2681-82 (20, 20), 2719 (29), 2720 (1, cleared); MNHN 1989-0312 (4), 1989-0313 (2); MZUSP 40050 (4). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:450 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Acnodon senai Jégu & Santos 1990 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Acnodon senai Jégu & Santos 1990. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Jari River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

sennaebragai, Utiaritichthys Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1937:58 [O Campo Rio de Janeiro No. 8; ref. 20799] Upstream of Salto Utiarity falls, 13°S, 58°15'W, affluent of Rio Papagaio, Mato Grosso, northeastern Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 12154 [ex MNRJ 3407A]. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 3407 (3). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:396-397 [ref. 12732]. Originally as Sennae Bragai. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:397 [ref. 12732] and recataloged in Jégu et al. 1992:112 [ref. 19734]. •Valid as Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro 1937 -- (Jégu et al. 1992:107 [ref. 19734], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Pereira & Castro 2014:397 [ref. 33385], Andrade et al. 2016:165 [ref. 34307], Ota et al. 2024:432 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro 1937. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: middle and lower Amazon River and lower Orinoco River basin, Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

serratus, Charax Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:155 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Suriname. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061]). •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmidae -- (Ota et al. 2024:432 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

serrulatus, Pygopristis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:300 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9898. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:25-26 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Serrasalmus serrulatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Géry 1972:221 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2015:45 [ref. 33654], Silvano et al. 2020:191 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus serrulatus (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and ?Essequibo River basin (Brazil, ?Guyana and Peru) (not Argentina on ref. 33654). Habitat: freshwater.

setiger, Myleus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:98 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guiana. Lectotype: ZMB 3634. Paralectotype: BMNH 1971.5.10.65 (1, skin). Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:24, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [ref. 3071]. Lectotype selected by Jégu & Santos 2002:37 [ref. 26050]. •Synonym of Myleus pacu Jardine & Schomburgk 1841 -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Jégu & Santos 2002:37 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:178 [ref. 29917], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Andrade et al. 2016:490 [ref. 34140], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Andrade et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: tributaries of lower and middle Amazon River basin, orinoco River basin, upper Orinoco River and tributaries, and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers: Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

siderocarajensis, Tometes Andrade [M. C.], Machado [V. N.], Jégu [M.], Farias [I. P.] & Giarrizzo [T.] 2017:4, Figs. 1, 2a-b, 3, 4 [PLoS ONE v. 12 (no. 4): e0170053; ref. 35291] Itacaiúnas River, nearby Paulo Fontelles Road, Caldeirão, Serra dos Carajás, Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, 5°52'38.2"S, 50°29'27.8"W. Holotype: MPEG 33922. Paratypes: GEA, INPA, MPEG, MZUSP, ZUEC. •Valid as Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade, Machado, Jégu, Farias & Giarrizzo 2017 -- (Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade, Machado, Jégu, Farias & Giarrizzo 2017. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

snethlageae, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1923:30 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River (aquarium import). Holotype: ZMB 19722. Paratypes: (3) ZMB 19723 (1), 20666 (1), 20679 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:210 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

spilopleura, Serrasalmus Kner [R.] 1858:166 [6] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Bobota, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 57085. Paralectotypes: NMW 16344 (1, dry), 79457-59 (1, 1, 1, all dry). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:43 [p. 35 of separate], Pl. 5 (fig. 11) [ref. 7130]. Lectotype selected by Jégu & Santos 2001:125 [ref. 25562]. •Valid as Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Cestari & Galetti 1992 [ref. 19896], Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:66 [ref. 24147], Butí & Cancino 1999:71 [ref. 25277], Nakayama et al. 2000:149 [ref. 24554], Jégu & Santos 2001:119 [ref. 25562], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:116 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40665], Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

stagnatilis, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:222 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Upper Essequibo River, Guyana. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmaterythraeus, Pygocentrus Fowler [H. W.] 1911:424, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1383] La Pedrita, Caño Uracoa, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 37868. Paratype: ANSP 37869 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:54 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:122 [ref. 22050], Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654], Fink 1993:684 [ref. 20937], Machado-Allison et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26045], Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

striolatus, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:360 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 10583-84 (2). •Not a Pygocentrus -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Valid as Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Taphorn 1992:305 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298]). •Valid as Serrasalmus striolatus Steindachner 1908 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559], Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594], Planquette et al. 1996:380 [ref. 22818], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721] in "Serrasalmus", Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507] in "Serrasalmus"). •Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864 -- (Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

tambaqui, Melloina Amaral Campos [A.] 1946:220, Fig. 3 [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Taperinha, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG. •Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tambaqui, Salmo Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1860:21 [13] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 13 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Myletes macropomus Cuvier; from Mato Grosso, Brazil. Perhaps validated by Campos 1946:219 (see Taphorn 1992:162 [ref. 23654]). •In the synonymy of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:446 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

taphorni, Myloplus Andrade [M. C.], López-Fernández [H.] & Liverpool [E. A.] 2019:[2], Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 17 (no. 4): e190026; ref. 37167] Mazaruni River at mouth of Kurupung River, Guyana, 6°12.846'N, 60°09.394'W. Holotype: CSBD F 3611. Paratypes: ROM, UMMZ. •Valid as Myloplus taphorni Andrade, López-Fernández & Liverpool 2019. •Valid as Paramyloplus taphorni (Andrade, López-Fernández & Liverpool 2019) -- (Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Paramyloplus taphorni (Andrade, López-Fernández & Liverpool 2019). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Mazaruni River drainage, Essequibo basin, Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

ternetzi, Paramyloplus Norman [J. R.] 1929:828, Pl. 1 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Maparú Rapids, Approuague River, French Guiana. Syntypes: BMNH 1926.3.2.531-532 (2). •Valid as Myleus ternetzi (Norman 1929) -- (Géry 1972:171 [ref. 1594], Géry et al. 1991:36 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:372 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Melo et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679]). •Valid as Myloplus ternetzi (Norman 1929) -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167]). •Valid as Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman 1929 -- (Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507] as cf. ternetzi, Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman 1929. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ternetzi, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:359 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Paraguay at Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW (lost). •Valid as Serrasalmus ternetzi Steindachner 1908 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791]). •Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858 -- (Fink 1993:680 [ref. 20937], Fink & Zelditch 1997:179 [ref. 22686], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

tiete, Myletes Eigenmann [C. H.] & Norris [A. A.] 1900:359 [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 4; ref. 1264] Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype (unique): not found. Original as tieté. •Valid as Myleus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:52 [ref. 23791], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Myloplus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Koerber et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Koerber et al. 2019:3 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris 1900). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

tizoura, Salmo Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1860:40 [32] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 32 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Serrasalmo humeralis Valenciennes; from Rio Paraguay. •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:446 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

torquatus, Myletes Kner [R.] 1858:164 [4] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Branco, Marabitanos, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 56449-56450 (1, 1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:24 [p. 16 in separate], Pl. 1 (fig. 4) [ref. 7130]. •Valid as Myleus torquatus (Kner 1858) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Myloplus torquatus (Kner 1858) -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Jégu et al. 2003:850 [ref. 27668], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus torquatus (Kner 1858). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Negro and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

trigintaradiatus, Salmo Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:388 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Originally as Salmo 30-radiatus. Also appeared in Devincenzi 1925:314, 322 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Myletes orbignyanus Valenciennes 1850. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267]). •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmidae -- (Ota et al. 2024:432 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

trilobatus, Tometes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:226 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Lectotype: MNHN A-8650 (dry). Paralectotype: MNHN A-8649 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:27 [ref. 19577] as holotype. Holotype designation, as MNHN A-8650 (dry) is erroneous according to Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]. Lectotype selected by Jégu et al. 2002:102 [ref. 40851]. •Synonym of Myleus pacu (Jardine & Schomburgk 1841) -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:46 [ref. 26274], Jégu et al. 2002:102 [ref. 40851], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:298 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: northeastern Guiana Shield rivers, Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

tumukumak, Myloplus Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Gama [C. S.] 2018:112, Figs. 1-2, 4B [Zootaxa 4403 (no. 1); ref. 35868] Motoura River, a tributary of Oyapock River, Amapá State, Brazil, 02°35'00"N, 52°33'00"W. Holotype: ZMA 107.638. Paratypes: IEPA, INPA, IRSNB, MNHN, ZMA. •Valid as Myloplus tumukumak Andrade, Jégu & Gama 2018 -- (Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus tumukumak Andrade, Jégu & Gama 2018. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: rivers in the eastern Tumucumaque Mountain Range, French Guiana and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

undulatus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:232 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Padauiri. No types known. Genus name in account as S., presumed to be an abbreviation of Serrasalmo. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

unilobatus, Tometes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:228 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8651 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:27 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Myleus pacu (Jardine & Schomburgk 1841) -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Possibly valid as Tometes unilobatus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050]). •Synonym of Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

unimaculatus, Metynnis Steindachner [F.] 1908:326 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 17) (for 2 July 1908); ref. 18805] Lake at Rio Medonho, tributary of Rio Parnahyba north of Santa Filomena, Brazil [type locality incorrect, Mateussi et al. 2018:303 [ref. 35820], probably the lower Rio Tocantins basin]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 56451 (3). •Questionably a synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Taphorn 1992:285 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:188 [ref. 23984] as duriventris, Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Mylossoma unimaculatum (Steindachner 1908) -- (Mateussi et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35820], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma unimaculatum (Steindachner 1908). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins-Araguaia system, Amazon basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

unimaculatus, Metynnis Kochetov [A. M.] 1989:101 [ ref. 34351] Probably placed in the wrong genus. Also a primary homonym of Metynnis unimaculatus Steindachner 1908. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Uncertain as Mylossoma unimaculatum (Steindachner 1908). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

ventriosa, Mylosomma Norman [J. R.] 1929:815, Fig. 20 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Rio Solimões, Amazon River basin. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1923.10.28.263. •Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Mateussi et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

xinguense, Ossubtus Jégu [M.] 1992:240, Figs. 4, 11 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 20009] Rio Xingu, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 3°12'12"S, 52°12'23"W. Holotype: INPA 6535. Paratypes: INPA 3979 (4), 4364 (2), 6536 (1, cleared); MNHN 1992-0003 (1), ?MNHN 1992-0004 (2); ZSM 27765 (5 now 4), 28377 (1). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:247 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Ossubtus xinguense Jégu 1992 -- (Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2016:5 [ref. 34773], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ossubtus xinguense Jégu 1992. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

zorroi, Myloplus Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.] 2016:155, Figs. 1, 2 and 4 [ZooKeys No. 571; ref. 34307] Rio Aripuanã, Corredeira dos Periquitos, Apuí, Amazonas, Brazil, 07°17'19.8"S, 60°38'10.0"W. Holotype: INPA 50880. Paratypes: INPA, MPEG, ZUEC. •Valid as Myloplus zorroi Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016 -- (Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus zorroi Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.