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Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information. Species in the genus Austrolebias: [ 66 ] records accorsii, Austrolebias Nielsen [D. T. B.] & Pillet [D.] 2015:174, Figs. 1-2 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 4); ref. 34011] Departamento de Santa Cruz de La Sierra, temporary pool, Río Grande basin (trib. to Río Mamore basin), 18°39'26.2"S, 62°58'0.2"W, Bolivia, altitude 366 meters. Holotype: ZUEC 10792. Paratypes: 10793 (19), •Valid as Austrolebias accorsii Nielsen & Pillet 2015 -- (Alonso et al. 2016:6 [ref. 34643], Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019:548 [ref. 36539], Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292], Drawert 2023:9 [ref. 40730]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias accorsii Nielsen & Pillet 2015. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Río Grande drainage, Mamoré River basin (Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater. adloffi, Cynolebias Ahl [E.] 1922:224 [4], Figs. [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 33 (no. 14); ref. 15334] Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMB 20651. Paralectotypes: (4 missing) ZMB 20652 (2), 31426 [ex ZMB 20651] (1). Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:156 [ref. 19981] including lectotype designation. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:94 [ref. 21847]. On p. 4 of separate. •Valid as Cynolebias adloffi Ahl 1922 -- (Malabarba 1989:158 [ref. 14217] as addloffi, Costa 1995:74 [ref. 22097]). •Valid as Garcialebias adloffi (Ahl 1922) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias adloffi (Ahl 1922) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:59 [ref. 25711], Costa & Cheffe 2001:190 [ref. 25851], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Lourerio et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27658], Costa 2006:126 [ref. 28708], Loureiro & García 2008:10 [ref. 30099], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Volcan et al. 2014:167 [ref. 33543], Bertaco et al. 2016:423 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Costa et al. 2017:142 [ref. 35626], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias adloffi (Ahl 1922). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. affinis, Cynolebias Amato [L. H.] 1986:6, Pl. 3 (figs. 5-6) [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 11 (no. 162); ref. 9170] Floodlands of Tres Cruces Creek, route 5, kilometers 399.5, Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Holotype: MHNM 2468. Paratypes: MHNM 2469-73 (1, 86, 212, 1, 2); MZUSP 36448-49 (1, 1). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias affinis Amato 1986 -- (Costa 1995:65 [ref. 22097], Murphy & Collier 1997:797 [ref. 25585], Costa 1999:301 [ref. 24229], Costa 1999:93 [ref. 24131]). •Valid as Matilebias affinis (Amato 1986) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias affinis (Amato 1986) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:59 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Perujo et al. 2005:3 [ref. 28452], Costa 2006:71 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Litz & Koerber 2014:29 [ref. 33622], Koerber & Litz 2014:5 [ref. 34967], Koerber & Litz 2016:7 [ref. 35098], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Koerber et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37480], Koerber et al. 2021:9 [ref. 38894], Loureiro et al. 2023:166 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias affinis (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Negro River basin (Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. alba, Cynolebias luteoflammulatus var. Reichert [J. J.], García [G.], Wlasiuk [G.] & Prieto [F.] 1998:97, figs. 2-4 + 1 unnumbered fig. [DKG-Journal v. 30 (no. 5); ref. 31462] Ruta 14, Paso del Gringo, Rocha, Uruguay. Syntypes: (2) DZVU 556-7 (1, 1). Described as a variety after 1960; therefore considered as an infrasubspecific name and not available (ICZN Art. 10.2). •In genus Austrolebias. Infrasubspecific. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. alexandri, Cynolebias Castello [H. P.] & López [R. B.] 1974:35, Fig. [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 17] Parque Unzue, Gualeguaycú, Province de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Holotype: MACN 6438. Paratypes: MACN 2738 (7 or 9), 6425 (7), 6437 (4), 6439 (1). Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:98 [ref. 23697] as alexandrii. •Valid as Cynolebias alexandri Castello & López 1974 -- (Costa 1995:64 [ref. 22097], Costa 1999:301 [ref. 24229], Costa 1999:93 [ref. 24131]). •Valid as Matilebias alexandri (Castello & López 1974) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40368]). •Valid as Austrolebias alexandri (Castello & López 1974) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:59 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:86 [ref. 28131], Calviño 2005:15 [ref. 28325], Perujo et al. 2005:2 [ref. 28452], Calviño 2006:183 [ref. 28679], Costa 2006:60 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Litz & Koerber 2014:29 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:50 [ref. 35117], Calviño et al. 2016:8 [ref. 34699], Bertaco et al. 2016:423 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Volcan et al. 2017:150 [ref. 35644], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:165 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias alexandri (Castello & López 1974). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. apaii, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.], Laurino [P.], Recuero [R.] & Salvia [H.] in Costa 2006:108, Fig. 42 [Zootaxa No. 1213; ref. 28708] Carmelo, 34°00.31'S, 58°17.00'W, Colonia, Uruguay. Holotype: MUNH [MUNHINA] 3216. Paratypes: UFRJ 6226 (14), 6227 (6, c&s); MUNH 3217 (59); ZSM 33650 (102). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Neumann 2011:276 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Austrolebias apaii Costa, Laurino, Recuero & Salvia 2006 -- (Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Koerber 2011:7 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:11 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565]). •Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Koerber et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35083], Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019:542 [ref. 36539], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner 1881). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. arachan, Austrolebias Loureiro [M.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & García [G.] 2004:23, Figs. 1-2 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 111 (no. 1); ref. 27658] Pond close to Route 7 and Arroyo Chuy, Laguna Merín basin, Depart. Cerro Largo, Uruguay, about 32°15'S, 54°00'W. Holotype: ZVC-P 4336. Paratypes: MHNG 2641.88 (6); ZVC-P 4314 (3), 4317 (8, 4 c&s), 4329 (4, c&s), 4331 (21, 3 c&s), 4332 (15), 4333 (19, 8 c&s), 4335 (6), 4528 (6, 2 c&s), 4574 (14, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:414 [ref. 35150]. Previously known to aquarists as Austrolebias uruguayensis, a nomen nudum. •Valid as Garcialebias arachan (Loureiro, Azpelicueta & García 2004) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias arachan Loureiro, Azpelicueta & García 2004 -- (Costa 2006:113 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Loureiro et al. 2011:340 [ref. 31392], Lanés et al. 2014:17 [ref. 33234], Volcan et al. 2014:171 [ref. 33543], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:423 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Lanés et al. 2021:514 [ref. 38189], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292], Loureiro et al. 2023:167 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias arachan Loureiro, Azpelicueta & García 2004. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: along the border of Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. araucarianus, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2014:98, Figs 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 2); ref. 33514] Temporary swamp near road BR-476, Claro river floodplains, Iguaçu river drainage, Paraná river basin, 26°01'12"S, 50°39'08"E, southern Brazil, elevation 785 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 9797. Paratypes UFRJ 9798 (16), 9799 (6). •Valid as Garcialebias araucarianus (Costa 2014) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias araucarianus Costa 2014 -- (Alonso et al. 2018:10 [ref. 35938], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Reis et al. 2020:473 [ref. 38364], Lanés et al. 2021:513 [ref. 38189]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias araucarianus Costa 2014. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Claro Rive floodplains, upper Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater. bagual, Austrolebias Volcan [M. V.], Lanés [L. E. K.] & Gonçalves [Â. C.] 2014:163, Figs. 1-3 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 4); ref. 33543] Rio Grande do Sul State, Laguna dos Patos system, Rio Camaquã basin, temporary pond in the floodplains of Arroio Abranjo, close to BR-471 highway (30°51’12"S, 52°34’16"W), southern Brazil. Holotype: MCP 48240. Paratypes: MCP 48241 (10). •Valid as Garcialebias bagual (Volcan, Lanés & Gonçalves 2014) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias bagual Volcan, Lanés & Gonçalves 2014 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:423 [ref. 34561], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias bagual Volcan, Lanés & Gonçalves 2014. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: temporary pools in the floodplains of Arroio Abranjo, Rio Camaquã basin, Laguna dos Patos system, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. bellottii, Cynolebias Steindachner [F.] 1881:98 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 18 (no. 11) (for 5 May 1881); ref. 20484] La Plata, Argentina. Holotype (unique): NMW 75105. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1881:9, Pl. 5 (figs. 2-2a) [ref. 14299]. Spelled belotti by Ahl 1924 [ref. 15434]. •Valid as Cynolebias bellottii Steindachner 1881 -- (Costa 1995:71 [ref. 22097], Fuller et al. 1999:291 [ref. 25838]). •Valid as Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:59 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:10 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27366], Loureiro et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27658], Menni 2004:86 [ref. 28131] as bellotti, Calviño 2005:15 [ref. 28325], Calviño 2006:183 [ref. 28679], Costa 2006:104 [ref. 28708], Nielsen & Pillet 2015:172 [ref. 34011], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Alonso et al. 2016:5 [ref. 34643], Calviño et al. 2016:8 [ref. 34699], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35632], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Serra & Loureiro 2018:553 [ref. 36329], Koerber et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36736], Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019:550 [ref. 36539], Koerber et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37480], Koerber et al. 2021:9 [ref. 38894], Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:168 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner 1881). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: lower de La Plata River basin and adjacent coastal plains to south (Uruguay and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater. botocudo, Austrolebias Lanés [L. E. K.], Volcan [M. V.] & Maltchik [L.] 2021:501, Figs. 1-2, 9A-B [Zootaxa 4949 (no. 3); ref. 38189] Temporary pool near rio Socorro, rio Apuaê-Inhandava drainage, upper rio Uruguay basin, Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 28°22'43.6"S, 50°52'21.8"W, elevation 934 meters. Holotype: MCP 54450. Paratypes: MCP. •Valid as Garcialebias botocudo (Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik 2021) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias botocudo Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik 2021. Current status: Valid as Austrolebias botocudo Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik 2021. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: grassland pools of upper Uruguay River basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. camaquensis, Austrolebias Volcan [M. V.], Gonçalves [Â. C.] & Lanés [L. E. K.] 2017:142, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 4338 (no. 1); ref. 35644] Temporary pool in the floodplains of Arroio Santo Antônio (tributary of Rio Camaquã), close to BR-471 highway, Canguçu municipality, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 30°58'25"S, 52°39'47"W. Holotype: MCP 50817. Paratypes: MCP. •Valid as Matilebias camaquensis (Volcan, Gonçalves & Lanés 2017) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias camaquensis Volcan, Gonçalves & Lanés 2017. Current status: Valid as Austrolebias camaquensis Volcan, Gonçalves & Lanés 2017. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: floodplain of the middle Rio Camaquã basin, Rio Grande do Sul, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. carvalhoi, Cynolebias Myers [G. S.] 1947:19 [Aquarium Journal v. 18 (no. 7); ref. 12307] Rio Iguassú [Iguaçú], near Porto Uniao [União], Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 41178 (1 of 7). Paratypes: CAS 41178 (6 of 7). Lectotype as MNRJ 5759 designation by Costa 1998:308 is invalid since the holotype is available. See Huber 2006:22 [ref. 28935]. •Valid as Cynolebias carvalhoi Myers 1947 -- (Costa 1995:62 [ref. 22097], Costa 1998:308 [ref. 23665]). •Valid as Acrolebias carvalhoi (Myers 1947) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias carvalhoi (Myers 1947) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:60 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Costa et al. 2004:13 [ref. 27657], Costa 2006:90 [ref. 28708], Costa 2011:98 [ref. 31504], Costa 2014:97 [ref. 33514], Alonso et al. 2018:10 [ref. 35938], Reis et al. 2020:473 [ref. 38364], Lanés et al. 2021:513 [ref. 38189]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias carvalhoi (Myers 1947). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Iguaçú River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater. charrua, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Cheffe [M. M.] 2001:182, Figs. 2-3 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 25851] Temporary pool close to arroio Chuí, road to Barra do Chuí, rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 60070. Paratypes: MCP 28027 (16); MUCP 2542 (16); MZUSP 60071 (5); UFRJ 4950 (47), 4990 (69), 5006 (10), 5009 (42), 5024 (4), 5061 (7, 4 c&s). •Valid as Garcialebias charrua (Costa & Cheffe 2001) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias charrua Costa & Cheffe 2001 -- (Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Loureiro et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27658], Costa 2006:120 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Volcan et al. 2014:169 [ref. 33543], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Costa et al. 2017:142 [ref. 35626], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Fernandes et al. 2020:[3] 3 [ref. 38700], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292], Loureiro et al. 2023:167 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias charrua Costa & Cheffe 2001. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: coastal floodplains of southeastern Brazil and eastern Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. cheffei, Austrolebias Volcan [M. V.], Barbosa [C.], Robe [L. J.] & Lanés [L. E. K.] 2021:90, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4965 (no. 1); ref. 38292] Temporary pool in the floodplain of Rio Camaquã, Cristal municipality, Laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 31°01'48"S, 52°00'32"W. Holotype: MCP 54437. Paratypes: MCP 54438 (13). •Valid as Garcialebias cheffei (Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Lanés 2021) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias cheffei Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Lanés 2021. Current status: Valid as Austrolebias cheffei Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Lanés 2021. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: temporary pools in the floodplain of the Rio Camaquã, Laguna dos Patos system, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. cheradophilus, Cynolebias Vaz-Ferreira [R.], Sierra de Soriano [B.] & Scaglia de Paulete [S.] 1965:14, Pls. 3-4 [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 8 (no. 102) (for 25 June 1964); ref. 9087] Pool near Arroyo Valizas, 34°26'S, 53°46'W, Dept. of Rocha, Uruguay. Holotype: ZVC P.522. Paratypes: ZVC P.523 (1). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:414 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias cheradophilus Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965 -- (Costa 1995:75 [ref. 22097], Berkenkamp et al. 1997:32 [ref. 23147]). •Valid as Megalebias cheradophilus (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965) -- (Costa 1998:76 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:203 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:531 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Titanolebias cheradophilus (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias cheradophilus (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965) -- (Costa 2006:44 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Loureiro et al. 2011:341 [ref. 31392], Lanés et al. 2014:117 [ref. 33234], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565] dated 1964, Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:170 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias cheradophilus (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Atlantic coastal river basins, Laguna dos Patos system (southeastern Uruguay and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater. cinereus, Cynolebias Amato [L. H.] 1986:9, Pl. 6 (fig. 10) [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 11 (no. 162); ref. 9170] Floodlands on route 21, 2 kilometers northwest of Viboras Creek, Colonia, Uruguay. Holotype: MHNM 2542. Paratypes: MHNM 2385 (2), 2533-35 (1, 1, 2), 2614 (1), 2615 (1), 2626 (15); ZVC-P 797 (49). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:412, 414 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias cinereus Amato 1986 -- (Costa 1995:70 [ref. 22097], Berkenkamp et al. 1997:32 [ref. 23147]). •Valid as Cypholebias cinereus (Amato 1986) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias cinereus (Amato 1986) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:61 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:11 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Costa et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27657], Costa 2006:31 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Costa 2011:100 [ref. 31504], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], García et al. 2019:[12] [ref. 36487], Koerber et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37480], Koerber et al. 2021:9 [ref. 38894], Loureiro et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias cinereus (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: lower Paraná and Uruguay River basin and Laguna dos Patos system (Uruguay and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater. cyaneus, Cynolebias Amato [L. H.] 1987:2, Pls. 1-2 [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 11 (no. 163); ref. 16152] Floodlands of Dom Marcos Creek, Municipio de Río Pardo, Río Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 10441. Paratypes: MCP 10442-44 (1, 16, 20); MHNM 2468 (1), 2508-10 (4, 4, 1), 2593 (1), uncat. (1); MZUSP 36446-47 (1, 1). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias cyaneus Amato 1987 -- (Malabarba 1989:158 [ref. 14217], Costa 1999:301 [ref. 24229]). •Valid as Matilebias cyaneus (Amato 1987) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias cyaneus (Amato 1987) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:61 [ref. 25711], Costa & Cheffe 2001:180 [ref. 25851], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Costa 2006:78 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Volcan et al. 2017:150 [ref. 35644], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias cyaneus (Amato 1987). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Jacuí River basin, Laguna dos Patos system, Río Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. duraznensis, Cynolebias García [G.], Scvortzoff [E.] & Hernández [A.] 1995:103 et seq. [Cytologia v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 25790] Durazno, Uruguay. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. See discussion in Lazara 2001:61 [ref. 25711]. •Synonym of Austrolebias affinis (Amato 1986) -- (Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Koerber & Litz 2014:5 [ref. 34967], Koerber & Litz 2016:7 [ref. 35098]). •Valid as Matilebias duraznensis (García, Scvortzoff & Hernández 1995) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias duraznensis (García, Scvortzoff & Hernández 1995) -- (Lazara 2001:61 [ref. 25711], Costa 2006:74 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:166 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias duraznensis (García, Scvortzoff & Hernández 1995). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: lower Negro River basin (Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. duraznensis, Cynolebias Reichert [J. J.] 1992:58 [Deutsche Killifisch Gemeinschaft Journal v. 24 (no. 4); ref. 22100] Not available, no diagnostic features presented (names published after 1930, Art. 13.1.1 of the Code) for a species from Uruguay (see Costa 1995:125 [ref. 22097]). Also appeared in other papers and abstracts but without sufficient distinguishing features. See also Huber 2006:23 [ref. 28935]. •Validly published as Cynolebias duraznensis García, Scvortzoff & Hernández 1995. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias affinis (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. elongatus, Cynolebias Steindachner [F.] 1881:98 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 18 (no. 11) (for 5 May 1881); ref. 20484] La Plata, Argentina. Holotype (unique): NMW 76518. Species described in more detail in Steindachner 1881:11 [ref. 14299]. •Valid as Cynolebias elongatus Steindachner 1881 -- (Costa 1995:78 [ref. 22097]). •Valid as Megalebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Costa 1998:76 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:203 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], López et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26808], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:531 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:86 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Titanolebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40368]). •Valid as Austrolebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Costa 2006:57 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Koerber 2011:7 [ref. 31122], Lanés et al. 2014:17 [ref. 33234], Koerber 2014:11 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Alonso et al. 2016:6 [ref. 34643], Calviño et al. 2016:9 [ref. 34699], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:170 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: lower Río de la Plata basin (Argentina and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. ephemerus, Austrolebias Volcan [M. V.] & Severo-Neto [F.] 2019:543, Figs. 1-4, 9 [Zootaxa 4560 (no. 3); ref. 36539] Temporary pool near "do Bala" Road, Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, 21°41'34"S, 57°42'57"W. Holotype: ZUFMS 5465. Paratypes: MCP, ZUFMS. •Valid as Austrolebias ephemerus Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019 -- (Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias ephemerus Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraguai basin, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. gibberosus, Cynolebias Berg [C.] 1897:294 [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 5; ref. 14623] Cacharí, Partido de Azul, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Lectotype: MACN 5172. Paralectotypes: MACN 5177 (1). Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:100 [ref. 23697]. Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061] treat MACN 5172 as holotype. Lectotype selected by Costa 2006:108 [ref. 28708]. •Synonym of Cynolebias bellottii Steindachner 1881 -- (Costa 1995:71 [ref. 22097]). •Synonym of Austrolebias bellotti (Steindachner 1881) -- (Lazara 2001:60 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii (Streindachner 1881) -- (Costa 2006:104 [ref. 28708], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner 1881). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. gymnoventris, Cynolebias Amato [L. H.] 1986:2, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 11 (no. 162); ref. 9170] Floodlands of India Muerta Creek, 150 meters from the bridge on route 13, near Velázquez, Rocha, Uruguay. Holotype: MHNM 2460. Paratypes: MHNM 2444 (7), 2461-63 (1, 7, 14), 2472 (2), 2475 (2); MZUSP 36450-51 (1, 1). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias gymnoventris Amato 1986 -- (Malabarba 1989:158 [ref. 14217], Costa 1995:68 [ref. 22097], Costa 1999:301 [ref. 24229], Costa 1999:93 [ref. 24131]). •Valid as Gymnolebias gymnoventris (Amato 1986) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias gymnoventris (Amato 1986) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:61 [ref. 25711], Costa & Cheffe 2001:180 [ref. 25851], Costa & Cheffe 2002:86 [ref. 26518], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Costa 2006:21 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Costa 2011:100 [ref. 31504], Loureiro et al. 2011:341 [ref. 31392], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias gymnoventris (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos basin (Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. haerteli, Cynolebias Schreitmüller [W.] 1937:13 [Das Aquarium: eine Zeitschrift mit Bildern für Liebhaber, Schulen und Naturfreunde, Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 36064] No types known. Provisional name, not published. •Nomen nudum (Lazara 2001:204 [ref. 25711]). •In the synonymy of Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924) -- (Litz & Koerber 2014:31 [ref. 33622]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. holmbergi, Cynolebias Berg [C.] 1897:296 [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 5; ref. 14623] Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Lectotype: MACN 5169. Paralectotypes: MACN 5169 (2) Arroyo Vivoratá, 3826 (1) Río de la Plata. Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:101 [ref. 23697]. Lectotype listed in Costa in Reis et al. 2003:531 [ref. 27061]; earlier selection not researched. Also designated by Costa 2006 [ref. 28708]. •Synonym of Cynolebias elongatus Steindachner 1881 -- (Costa 1995:78 [ref. 22097]). •Synonym of Megalebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Lazara 2001:203 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:531 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Austrolebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Costa 2006:57 [ref. 28708], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. ibicuiensis, Cynolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1999:93, Figs. 1-2 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 25 (no. 3/4) [for 1998]; ref. 24131] Rio Ibicui-Mirim, rio Ibicui drainage, road BR-287 between São Pedro do Sul and Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 10201. Paratypes: MCP 21171 (1). •Valid as Matilebias ibicuiensis (Costa 1999) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias ibicuiensis (Costa 1999) -- (Lazara 2001:61 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Costa 2006:64 [ref. 28708], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Volcan et al. 2017:150 [ref. 35644], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias ibicuiensis (Costa 1999). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Uruguay River basin, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. irregularis, Cynolebias Ahl [E.] 1938:57 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 124 (no. 3-4); ref. 17128] Probably Argentina. Holotype (unique): ZMB 21145. Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:156 [ref. 19981]. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:94 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Cynolebias bellottii Steindachner 1881 -- (Costa 1995:71 [ref. 22097]). •Synonym of Austrolebias bellotti (Steindachner 1881) -- (Lazara 2001:60 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii (Streindachner 1881) -- (Costa 2006:104 [ref. 28708], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner 1881). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. jaegari, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Cheffe [M. M.] 2002:84, Figs. 1-2 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 26518] Swamp at Banhado do Timba, Corredor das Tropas, about 31°30'S, 52°20'W, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 28574. Paratypes: MCP 28575 (5); MUCP 2518 (5), 2538 (4), 2583 (5); UFRJ 5429 (7), 5430 (6, 3 c&s). •Valid as Gymnolebias jaegari (Costa & Cheffe 2002) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias jaegari Costa & Cheffe 2002 -- (Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Costa 2006:25 [ref. 28708], Costa 2011:100 [ref. 31504], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias jaegari Costa & Cheffe 2002. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Do Timba Swamp, Rio Grande do Sul State, Laguna dos Patos system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. juanlangi, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.], Cheffe [M. M.], Salvia [H.] & Litz [T.] in Costa 2006:86, Fig. 34 [Zootaxa No. 1213; ref. 28708] Temporary swamp near banhado do Minuano, road BR-153, Rio Jaguão basin, a tributary of lagoa Mirim, laguna dos Patos System, 31°40'48"S, 54°08'45"W, Jaguarão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6199. Paratypes: Many lots at CIMC, MCP, MUNH [MUNHIN], UFRJ. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Matilebias juanlangi (Costa, Cheffe, Salvia & Litz 2006) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias juanlangi Costa, Cheffe, Salvia & Litz 2006 -- (Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Volcan et al. 2017:150 [ref. 35644], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:166 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias juanlangi Costa, Cheffe, Salvia & Litz 2006. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Lake Mirim basin and upper Negro River basin (Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. litzi, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2006:80, Fig. 32 [Zootaxa No. 1213; ref. 28708] 2.5 kilometers from arroio Arenal, about 12 kilometers from Santa Maria, road BR-392, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6233. Paratypes: UFRJ 4488 (11), 4987 (191), 5017 (4, c&s), 5028 (36), 5029 (6, c&s). •Valid as Matilebias litzi (Costa 2006) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias litzi Costa 2006 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Volcan et al. 2017:151 [ref. 35644], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias litzi Costa 2006. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Jacuí River drainage, Laguna dos Patos system, Río Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. lourenciano, Austrolebias Volcan [M. V.], Barbosa [C.], Robe [L. J.] & Lanés [L. E. K.] 2021:95, Figs. 5-7 [Zootaxa 4965 (no. 1); ref. 38292] Temporary pool in the floodplain of Arroio Pinto, tributary of Arroio São Lourenço, close to the BR-116 highway, São Lourenço do Sul municipality, Laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 31°20'50"S, 52°03'53"W. Holotype: MCP 5440. Paratypes: MCP. •Valid as Garcialebias lourenciano (Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Lanés 2021) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias lourenciano Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Lanés 2021. Current status: Valid as Austrolebias lourenciano Volcan, Barbosa, Robe & Lanés 2021. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: temporary pools in the floodplain of the Arroio São Lourenço basin, Laguna dos Patos system, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. luteoflammulatus, Cynolebias Vaz-Ferreira [R.], Sierra de Soriano [B.] & Scaglia de Paulete [S.] 1965:25, Pls. 5-6 [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 8 (no. 102) (for 25 June 1964); ref. 9087] Temporary pool near Arroyo Valizas, 34°26'S, 53°46'W, Dept. of Rocha, Uruguay. Holotype: ZVC P.527. Paratypes: MHNM CI 1440 [ex ZVC P.784] (2), ZVC P.811 (1). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:413, 414 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias luteoflammulatus Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965 -- (Malabarba 1989:159 [ref. 14217], Costa 1995:63 [ref. 22097], Costa 1999:301 [ref. 24229], Costa 1999:93 [ref. 24131]). •Valid as Acantholebias luteoflammulatus (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias luteoflammulatus (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:61 [ref. 25711], Costa & Cheffe 2001:180 [ref. 25851], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Loureiro et al. 2011:341 [ref. 31392], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:42 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias luteoflammulatus (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos basin and adjacent southern coastal plains (Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. luzardoi, Austrolebias Perujo [E.], Calviño [P. A.], Salvia [H.] & Prieto [F.] 2005:3, Figs. 1-6, 8 [Revista del Museo de La Plata Zool. v. 17 (no. 171); ref. 28452] Temporary swamp, 30°25'00"S, 56°27'03"W, near río Cuareim, tributary of río Uruguay, near Artigas, Uruguay. Holotype: MHNM 3200. Paratypes: MACN 8671 (2), 8672 (2); MHNM 3201 (14). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150] •Synonym of Austrolebias periodicus (Costa 1999) -- (Costa 2006:83 [ref. 28708], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias periodicus (Costa 1999). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: Cuareim River basin, Uruguay [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater. mabelis, Cynolebias Hoetmer [J. W.] 1987:23 [Killi Nieuws v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 32544] •Appeared as nomen nudum -- (Lazara 2001:64 [ref. 25711] on Skillcorn 1988 [ref. 21419]). •As a synonym of Cynolebias affinis Amato 1986 -- (Reichert 1993:25 [ref. 33499]). •In the synonymy of Austrolebias affinis (Amato 1986) -- (Litz & Koerber 2014:29 [ref. 33622]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias affinis (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. maculatus, Cynolebias Steindachner [F.] 1881:98 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 18 (no. 11) (for 5 May 1881); ref. 20484] La Plata, Argentina. Holotype (unique): NMW 59613. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1881:10, Pl. 5 (figs. 3-3a) [ref. 14299]. •Synonym of Cynolebias bellottii Steindachner 1881 -- (Costa 1995:71 [ref. 22097]). •Synonym of Austrolebias bellotti (Steindachner 1881) -- (Lazara 2001:60 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:527 [ref. 27061], Costa 2006:104 [ref. 28708]). •Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Costa 2006:104 [ref. 28708], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias bellottii (Steindachner 1881). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. melanoorus, Cynolebias Amato [L. H.] 1986:4, Pl. 2 (figs. 3-4) [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 11 (no. 162); ref. 9170] Floodlands of Tres Cruces Creek, route 5, kilometers 399.5, Tacuarembó, Uruguay, 31°39.11'S, 55°54.01'W. Holotype: MHNM 2545. Paratypes: MHNM 2546-48 (24, 1, 33). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:413 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias melanoorus Amato 1986 -- (Costa 1995:73 [ref. 22097]). •Valid as Austrolebias melanoorus (Amato 1986) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:62 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:11 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Loureiro et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27658], Costa 2006:97 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Loureiro et al. 2011:340 [ref. 31392], Lanés et al. 2014:17 [ref. 33234], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Serra & Loureiro 2018:554 [ref. 36329], Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019:550 [ref. 36539], Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292], Loureiro et al. 2023:168 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias melanoorus (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (Uruguay) and Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater. minuano, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Cheffe [M. M.] 2001:185, Figs. 4-5 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 25851] Temporary lagoon about 4.5 kilometers north of Quinta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 28028. Paratypes: MCP 28029 (8); MUCP 3622 (21), UFRJ 5032 (8), 5036 (33), 5037 (4, 2 c&s). •Valid as Garcialebias minuano (Costa & Cheffe 2001) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias minuano Costa & Cheffe 2001 -- (Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Loureiro et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27658], Costa 2006:124 [ref. 28708], Volcan et al. 2014:170 [ref. 33543], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Costa et al. 2017:142 [ref. 35626], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Fernandes et al. 2020:[3] 3 [ref. 38700], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias minuano Costa & Cheffe 2001. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos system, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. monstrosus, Cynolebias Huber [J. H.] 1995:9, Fig. 4, col. pl. (middle fig.) [Killi-Contact - Périodique bimestriel Spec. publ.; ref. 22880] Near La Serena, Boqueron Dept., 21.94°S, 56.97°W, Paraguay. Holotype: MNHN 1994-1110. Paratypes: ANSP 169973 (2), 169974 (orig. 2, now 1), 169975 (orig. 2, now 1); MNHN 1993-3619 [ex ANSP 169975] (1), 1994-1111 (1); MNHNP [ex ANSP 169974] (1); NMW 92899 (1); ZMA 121281 (3), 121284-85 (4, 2). Appeared as above first, then in Huber 1995 (Nov.):110, Figs. 9-12 [ref. 22204]. •Valid as Megalebias monstrosus (Huber 1995) -- (Costa 1998:76 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:204 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:531 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:70 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:86 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Titanolebias monstrosus (Huber 1995) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40368], Drawert 2023:17 [ref. 40730]). •Valid as Austrolebias monstrosus (Huber 1995) -- (Costa 2006:54 [ref. 28708], Koerber 2011:7 [ref. 31122], Lanés et al. 2014:17 [ref. 33234], Koerber 2014:11 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Alonso et al. 2016:6 [ref. 34643], Koerber et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35267], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias monstrosus (Huber 1995). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: semi-arid Chaco Region (Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater. nachtigalli, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Cheffe [M. M.] in Costa 2006:133, Fig. 50 [Zootaxa No. 1213; ref. 28708] Arroio Grande, road BR-116, about 32°15'S, 53°05'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6183. Paratypes: Many lots at CIMC and UFRJ. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Garcialebias nachtigalli (Costa & Cheffe 2006) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias nachtigalli Costa & Cheffe 2006 -- (Loureiro & García 2008:10 [ref. 30099] with question, Volcan et al. 2014:169 [ref. 33543], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Costa et al. 2017:142 [ref. 35626] as natchigalli, Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias nachtigalli Costa & Cheffe 2006. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos system, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. nigrofasciatus, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Cheffe [M. M.] 2001:187, Figs. 6-7 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 25851] Temporary pool in Pontal da Barra, praia de Laranjal, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 21172. Paratypes: MCP 21173 (6); MUCP 2561 (5); UFRJ 4014 (7 c&s), 4015 (26), 4016 (9), 4218 (11), 4219 (19), 4259 (13), 5343 (15). •Valid as Garcialebias nigrofasciatus (Costa & Cheffe 2001) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias nigrofasciatus Costa & Cheffe 2001 -- (Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Lourerio et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27658], Costa 2006:129 [ref. 28708], Loureiro & García 2008:6 [ref. 30099], Volcan et al. 2014:169 [ref. 33543], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Costa et al. 2017:142 [ref. 35626], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias nigrofasciatus Costa & Cheffe 2001. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos system, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. nioni, Cynolebias Berkenkamp [H. O.], Reichert [J. J.] & Prieto [F.] 1997:30, Fig. [Aquaristik aktuell (Germany) v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 23147] Highway 26 at kilometer 331, 32°10'S, 55°15'E, Tacuarembó, northeastern Uruguay. Holotype: SMF 18457. Paratypes: MNHNM (5) and (6); SMF 18458-59 (4, 3). •Synonym of Austrolebias vazferreirai (Berkenkamp, Etzel, Reichert & Salvia 1994) -- (Costa 2006:34 [ref. 28708], Litz & Koerber 2014:31 [ref. 33622]). •Synonym of Austrolebias robustus (Günther 1883) -- (Koerber et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35632]). •Valid as Austrolebias nioni (Berkenkamp, Reichert & Prieto 1997) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:62 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:11 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Costa et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27657], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565]). •Synonym of Austrolebias cinereus (Amato 1986) -- (García et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36487]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias cinereus (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. nonoiuliensis, Cynolebias Taberner [R.], Fernández-Santos [J. O.] & Castelli [J. O.] 1974:187, Fig. [Physis, Sección B (Las Aguas Continentales y sus Organismos) v. 33 (no. 87); ref. 7542] Temporary swamps, Nueve de Julio, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina. Holotype: MACN 6754 (no. 5). Paratypes: MACN 4241 (1), 6754 (11), 6755 (17). Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:103 [ref. 23697]. •Valid as Cynolebias nonoiuliensis Taberner, Fernández-Santos & Castelli 1974 -- (Costa 1995:69 [ref. 22097]). •Valid as Austrolebias nonoiuliensis (Taberner, Fernandez-Santos & Castelli 1974) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:63 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:10 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27366], Costa et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27657], Menni 2004:86 [ref. 28131], Calviño 2005:15 [ref. 28325], Calviño 2006:183 [ref. 28679], Costa 2006:41 [ref. 28708], Costa 2011:100 [ref. 31504], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], García et al. 2019:[12] [ref. 36487]). •Synonym of Cypholebias robustus (Günther 1883) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40292]). •Synonym of Austrolebias robustus (Günther 1883) -- (Koerber et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35632]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias robustus (Günther 1883). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. nubium, Austrolebias Lanés [L. E. K.], Volcan [M. V.] & Maltchik [L.] 2021:507, Figs. 5-8, 9C-D [Zootaxa 4949 (no. 3); ref. 38189] Rio Santana, a tributary of upper rio Taquari-Antas drainage, upper rio Jacuí basin, Laguna dos Patos hydrographic system, Bom Jesus municipality, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 28°37'00"S, 50°26'42"W, elevation 1,061 meters. Holotype: MCP 54457. Paratypes: MCP. •Valid as Garcialebias nubium (Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik 2021) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias nubium Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik 2021. Current status: Valid as Austrolebias nubium Lanés, Volcan & Maltchik 2021. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: grassland pools of upper rio Taquari-Antas drainage, upper rio Jacuí basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. patriciae, Cynolebias Huber [J. H.] 1995:6, Fig. 2 [Killi-Contact - Périodique bimestriel Spec. publ.; ref. 22880] Ditch along the road to Clorinda, Presidente Hayes Province, about 500 meters south of Río Negro, 25.25°S, 57.67°W, Paraguay. Holotype: ANSP 170424. Paratypes: ANSP 170424B (5), MACN (2), MNHN 1993-3620 (5), MNHNP (4). Apparently appeared first as above in ref. 22880, then in Huber 1995:114, Figs. 2-4 [ref. 22204]. •Valid as Amatolebias patriciae (Huber 1995) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40368]). •Valid as Austrolebias patriciae (Huber 1995) -- (Costa 1998:76 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:63 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Calviño 2005:16 [ref. 28325] as cf. patriciae, Calviño 2006:183 [ref. 28679] as cf. patriciae, Costa 2006:95 [ref. 28708], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Calviño et al. 2016:10 [ref. 34699], Koerber et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35267], Alonso et al. 2018:5 [ref. 35938]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias patriciae (Huber 1995). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin, Paraguay and Argentina. Habitat: freshwater. paucisquama, Austrolebias Ferrer [J.], Malabarba [L. R.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2008:176, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 29705] São Sepé, temporary pool close to BR-290 highway (30°22'27"S, 53°33'42"W), rio Vacacaí drainage, rio Jacuí tributary, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 41879. Paratypes: MCP 41880 (26, 3 c&s); UFRGS 9354 (3, c&s), 9355 (7); UFRJ 6522 (10, 2 c&s). •Valid as Matilebias paucisquama (Ferrer, Malabarba & Costa 2008) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias paucisquama Ferrer, Malabarba & Costa 2008 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Volcan et al. 2017:151 [ref. 35644], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias paucisquama Ferrer, Malabarba & Costa 2008. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Vacacaí drainage, Laguna dos Patos drainage, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. pelotapes, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Cheffe [M. M.] in Costa, Cheffe & Amorim 2017:141, Figs. 2-3 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 67 (no. 2); ref. 35626] Temporary pool in the Sanga Funda drainage, tributary of Arroio Pelotas, Município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 31°43'46"S, 52°19'07"W. Holotype: UFRJ 8601. Paratypes: CIMC, UFRJ. •Valid as Garcialebias pelotapes (Costa & Cheffe 2017) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias pelotapes Costa & Cheffe 2017 -- (Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias pelotapes Costa & Cheffe 2017. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: drainages to the northern margin of the Canal de São Gonçalo, Laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. periodicus, Cynolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1999:299, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 24229] Temporary flood-plains of the rio Santa Maria, rio Ibicuí drainage, rio Uruguai basin, road BR-293, 4 kilometers west from Dom Pedrito, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 20819. Paratypes: MCP 20820 (5); MZUSP uncat. (4); UMMZ 234761 (4); UFRJ 4671 (12), 4672 (6, c&s). •Valid as Matilebias periodicus (Costa 1999) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias periodicus (Costa 1999) -- (Lazara 2001:63 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Costa 2006:83 [ref. 28708], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565], Volcan et al. 2017:151 [ref. 35644], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:166 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias periodicus (Costa 1999). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. pongondo, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Cheffe [M. M.] in Costa, Cheffe & Amorim 2017:144, Fig. 5 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 67 (no. 2); ref. 35626] Swamp at the road to Torotama island, Arraial, Povo Novo district, Município de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 31°55'54"S, 52°14'42"W. Holotype: UFRJ 9583. Paratypes: CIMC, UFRJ. •Valid as Garcialebias pongondo (Costa & Cheffe 2017) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias pongondo Costa & Cheffe 2017 -- (Fernandes et al. 2020:[3] 3 [ref. 38700], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias pongondo Costa & Cheffe 2017. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: temporary pools and swamps in the floodplains south of the São Gonçalo channel, Rio Grande do Sul state, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. prognathus, Cynolebias Amato [L. H.] 1986:7, Pl. 4 (fig. 7) [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 11 (no. 162); ref. 9170] Floodlands of Maravillas, 13 kilometers from route 9, La Coronilla, Rocha, Uruguay. Holotype: MHNM 2609 [not 2577 on Pl. 4]. Paratypes: MHNM 2446 (1), 2598 (2), 2605 (9). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:413 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias prognathus Amato 1986 -- (Malabarba 1989:159 [ref. 14217], Costa 1995:76 [ref. 22097], Berkenkamp et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23147]). •Valid as Megalebias prognathus (Amato 1986) -- (Costa 1998:76 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:204 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:531 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Titanolebias prognathus (Amato 1986) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias prognathus (Amato 1986) -- (Costa 2006:52 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Lanés et al. 2014:17 [ref. 33234], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:170 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias prognathus (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Lagoa Mirim basin and adjacent coastal basins, Laguna dos Patos system (southern Brazil and eastern Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. queguay, Austrolebias Serra [W. S.] & Loureiro [M.] 2018:548, Figs. 1, 2A-B, 2G, 3A [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 36329] Wetlands of Río Queguay Grande, Estancia La Beba, Paysandú, Uruguay, 32°11'08"S, 57°26'08"W. Holotype: ZVC-P 13576. Paratypes: CAP, GP, MHNM, ZVC. •Valid as Austrolebias queguay Serra & Loureiro 2018 -- (Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019:550 [ref. 36539], Koerber et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37480], Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:168 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias queguay Serra & Loureiro 2018. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: wetlands of the middle Queguay River basin, Paysandú (Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. quirogai, Austrolebias Loureiro [M.], Duarte [A.] & Zarucki [M.] 2011:336, Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 31392] Rio Negro basin, pound near arroyo Cordobés, 32°36'59"S, 55°19'24"W, Departmento de Cerro Largo, Uruguay. Holotype: ZVC-P 9758. Paratypes: many at ZVC. Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:414 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Acantholebias quirogai (Loureiro, Duarte & Zarucki 2011) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias quirogai Loureiro, Duarte & Zarucki 2011 -- (Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:169 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias quirogai Loureiro, Duarte & Zarucki 2011. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: temporary ponds, middle to upper and eastern rio Negro tributaries (Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. reicherti, Cynolebias Loureiro [M.] & García [G.] 2004:16, Figs. 2A-B [Acta Zoológica Lilloana v. 48 (no. 1-2); ref. 28591] Temporary pool 300 meters east of Rte 18, 1 kilometer north of Vergara City, about 32°55'S, 53°54'W, Dept. de Treinta y Tres, Uruguay. Holotype: ZVC-P 4362. Paratypes: ZVC-P 4363 (18, 9 c&s), 4365 (5, 2 c&s), 4366 (5), 4367 (5), 4370 (10). Type catalog: Loureiro et al. 2016:414 [ref. 35150]. •Synonym of Austrolebias charrua Costa & Cheffe 2001 -- (Costa 2006:120 [ref. 28708]). •Valid as Garcialebias reicherti (Loureiro & García 2004) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias reicherti (Loureiro & García 2004) -- (Loureiro & García 2008:10 [ref. 30099], Volcan et al. 2014:170 [ref. 33543], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565] with authors as Loureiro & García 2004, Costa et al. 2017:142 [ref. 35626], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Volcan et al. 2021:104 [ref. 38292] as aff. reicherti, Loureiro et al. 2023:167 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias reicherti (Loureiro & García 2004). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: southern Laguna Merín basin and adjacent coastal plains on the border of Brazil and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. robustus, Cynolebias Günther [A.] 1883:140 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 11 (no. 62) (art. 18); ref. 21260] Within 10 miles of San Antonio, La Plata, Province Buenos Aires, Argentina. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.6.28.12. •Synonym of Cynolebias elongatus Steindachner 1881 -- (Costa 1995:78 [ref. 22097]). •Synonym of Austrolebias bellotti (Steindachner 1881) -- (Lazara 2001:60 [ref. 25711]). •Valid as Cypholebias robustus (Günther 1883) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40368]). •Valid as Austrolebias robustus (Günther 1883) -- (Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:1 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Costa et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27657], Calviño 2005:15 [ref. 28325], Calviño 2006:183 [ref. 28679], Costa 2006:37 [ref. 28708], Costa 2011:100 [ref. 31504], Koerber 2011:7 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:12 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35632], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], García et al. 2019:[12] [ref. 36487], Koerber et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36736]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias robustus (Günther 1883). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater. salviai, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.], Litz [T.] & Laurino [P.] in Costa 2006:137, Fig. 51 [Zootaxa No. 1213; ref. 28708] Paso del Dragón, temporary swamp near río Tacuari, laguna Merín basin, 32°45.95'S, 53°43.19'W, Treinta y Tres Province, Uruguay. Holotype: MUNH [MUNHINA] 3208. Paratypes: CIMC 9567 (6); MUNH 3209 (2), 3210 (7); UFRJ 6169 (8), 6170 (4, c&s), 6171 (2); ZSM 33389 (8), 33390 (4). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:276 [ref. 31652]. •Synonym of Austrolebias reicherti (Loureiro & García 2004) -- (Loureiro & García 2008:10 [ref. 30099], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622]). •Possibly valid as Austrolebias salviai Costa, Litz & Laurino 2006 -- (Costa et al. 2017:147 [ref. 35626]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias reicherti (Loureiro & García 2004). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: Laguna Merin basin, Uruguay [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater. schreitmuelleri, Cynolebias Ahl [E.] in Schreitmüller 1934:673, Fig. 1 [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 31 (no. 43); ref. 35925] Laguna dos Patos system, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Neotype: UFRJ 6218. Later described, as Cynolebias schreitmülleri, by Ahl 1934: 308 [ref. 16410]. No types at ZMB: Paepke & Seegers 1986:157 [ref. 19981], Paepke 1995:94 [ref. 21847]; 3 syntypes lost. Neotype designated by Costa 2006:48 [ref. 28708]. •Synonym of Megalebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924) -- (Lazara 2001:204 [ref. 25711]). •Regarded as a nomen dubium, incertae sedis -- (Costa 2001:347 [ref. 25719]). •Synonym of Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924) -- (Costa 2006:48 [ref. 28708], Lanés et al. 2014:17 [ref. 33234], Litz & Koerber 2014:31 [ref. 33622]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. spinifer, Cynolebias Ahl [E.] 1934:310 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 108 (nos 11/12); ref. 16410] La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Lectotype: ZMH H64. Paralectotypes: ZMB 21164 (2), ZMH H38 (2). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:161 [ref. 19181], Paepke & Seegers 1986:157 [ref. 19981], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:404 [ref. 21161] with syntypes. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:94 [ref. 21847] as spinnifer. •Synonym of Cynolebias elongatus Steindachner 1881 -- (Costa 1995:78 [ref. 22097]). •Synonym of Megalebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Lazara 2001:203 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:531 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Austrolebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881) -- (Costa 2006:57 [ref. 28708], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias elongatus (Steindachner 1881). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. toba, Austrolebias Calviño [P. A.] 2006:183, Figs. 1-4 [Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", n.s. v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 28679] Temporary ponds, lower río Bermejo basin, Chaco Province, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 9652. Paratypes: BMNH 2005.10.27.1-5 (5); MACN 8893 (4); MLP 9653 (18, now 9). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:19 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Matilebias toba (Calviño 2006) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40368]). •Valid as Austrolebias toba Calviño 2006 -- (Koerber 2011:7 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:12 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Calviño et al. 2016:10 [ref. 34699], Volcan et al. 2017:387 [ref. 35260], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias toba Calviño 2006. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: lower Bermejo River basin (Chaco, Argentina). Habitat: freshwater. univentripinnis, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Cheffe [M. M.] 2005:44, Figs. 1A-B [Zootaxa No. 1052; ref. 28356] Temporary swamp about 200 meters from rio Jaguarão river bank, laguna dos Patos system, Jaguarão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6081. Paratypes: CIMC 8625 (33), 8629 (8), 8631 (12), 8635 (174), 8642 (41); UFRJ 6082 (4), 6083 (6, c&s), 6086 (28). •Valid as Austrolebias univentripinnis Costa & Cheffe 2005 -- (Costa 2006:101 [ref. 28708], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Serra & Loureiro 2018:554 [ref. 36329], Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019:550 [ref. 36539], Serra et al. 2022:21 [ref. 39131], Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:168 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias univentripinnis Costa & Cheffe 2005. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Lake Mirim system (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) and northern Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. vandenbergi, Cynolebias Huber [J. H.] 1995:7, Fig. 3, col. pl. (upper fig.) [Killi-Contact - Périodique bimestriel Spec. publ.; ref. 22880] Near Fortin Toledo, Boqueron Dept., 22.27°S, 60.54°W, Province of Presidente Hayes, Paraguay. Holotype: ZMA 121270. Paratypes: ANSP 169800 (orig. 4, now 2), 169801-11 (5, 10, 6, 5, 14, 4, 3, 5, 4, 7, 1), 170425-26 (2, 1); FMNH 105075 (3); MHNG 2571.72 (3); MNHN 1993-0297 (3), 1993-3618 (4), 1994-1107 (5); MNHNP [ex ANSP] (2); NMW 92900 (2); NRM 20231 (2), UFRJ 3028-29 (2, 6); ZMA 121272 (4), 121276-79 (4, 4, 3, 4), 121282 (2). Also appeared as new in Huber 1995 (Nov.):107, Figs. 6-8 [ref. 22204]. Named after Leen van den Berg and his son Arjen, so the correct patronym would have been vandenbergorum, ICZN Art. 31.1.2. •Valid as Austrolebias vandenbergi (Huber 1995) -- (Costa 1998:76 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:63 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:11 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:69 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:86 [ref. 28131], Calviño 2005:15 [ref. 28325], Calviño 2006:183 [ref. 28679], Costa 2006:111 [ref. 28708], Montaña et al. 2012:589 [ref. 32122], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Nielsen & Pillet 2015:175 [ref. 34011], Mirande & Koerber 2015:51 [ref. 35117], Alonso et al. 2016:6 [ref. 34643], Calviño et al. 2016:10 [ref. 34699], Koerber et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35267], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Serra & Loureiro 2018:554 [ref. 36329], Volcan & Severo-Neto 2019:550 [ref. 36539], Alonso et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40292], Drawert 2023:11 [ref. 40730]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias vandenbergi (Huber 1995). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: semi-arid Chaco Region (northern Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater. varzeae, Austrolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.], Reis [R. E.] & Behr [E. R.] 2004:14, Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 27657] Temporary lagoon close to the rio da Várzea, Fazenda dos Branda, Carazinho, rio Uruguay basin, about 28°18'S, 52°48'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 29641. Paratypes: MCP 23667 (9, 1 c&s); UFRJ 5431-32 (2, 2). •Valid as Amatolebias varzeae (Costa, Reis & Behr 2004) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292]). •Valid as Austrolebias varzeae Costa, Reis & Behr 2004 -- (Costa 2006:93 [ref. 28708], Costa 2011:100 [ref. 31504], Costa 2014:101 [ref. 33514], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Alonso et al. 2018:5 [ref. 35938], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Lanés et al. 2021:517 [ref. 38189]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias varzeae Costa, Reis & Behr 2004. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: da Várzea River drainage, upper Uruguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. vazferreirai, Cynolebias Berkenkamp [H. O.], Etzel [V.], Reichert [J. J.] & Salvia [H.] 1994:11, Figs. [Das Aquarium, Monatsmagazin für Vivaristik v. 28 (no. 306); ref. 21582] "An der Strasse (Ruta) 44 bei kilometer 44, Verbindungsstrasse von Melo (= kilometer 0) nach Riveira", eastern Uruguay, 32°15'S, 54°30'E [actual 32°10.38'S, 54°32.07'W]. Holotype: SMF 18453. Paratypes: Fauna y Flora Dulceaquicola-Montevidao (2, 2); MNHM (2); MNHNM (2); SMF 18454-55 [numbers duplicated for other species] (3, 4). •Valid as Cynolebias vazferreirai Berkenkamp, Etzel, Reichert & Salvia 1994 -- (Berkenkamp et al. 1997:33 [ref. 23147]). •Valid as Austrolebias vazferreirai (Berkenkamp, Etzel, Reichert & Salvia 1994) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:63 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:1 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Costa et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27657] as vazferrerai, Costa 2006:34 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Costa 2011:100 [ref. 31504], Loureiro et al. 2011:341 [ref. 31392], Lanés et al. 2014:17 [ref. 33234], Litz & Koerber 2014:31 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240]). •Synonym of Austrolebias cinereus (Amato 1986) -- (García et al. 2019:[12] [ref. 36487]). Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias cinereus (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Habitat: freshwater. velazquez, Cynolebias Skillcorn [J.] 1988:37 [The Aquarist and Pondkeeper v. 52 (no. 10); ref. 21419] Not available, no distinguishing features and as name in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Austrolebias gymnoventris (Amato 1986) -- (Lazara 2001:61 [ref. 25711], Litz & Koerber 2014:30 [ref. 33622]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Austrolebias gymnoventris (Amato 1986). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. viarius, Cynolebias Vaz-Ferreira [R.], Sierra de Soriano [B.] & Scaglia de Paulete [S.] 1965:1, Pls. 1-2 [Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo v. 8 (no. 102) (for 25 June 1964); ref. 9087] Pool along Route 15, between Arroyo Valizas and Balneario Aguas Dulces, 34°22'S, 53°43'W, Dept. of Rocha, Uruguay. Holotype: ZVC P.798. Paratypes: MHNM CI 1439 [ex ZVC P.789] (3, apparently lost), ZVC P.799 (1). Type catalog: Olazarri et al. 1970:5 [ref. 23527], Loureiro et al. 2016:413, 414 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cynolebias viarius Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965 -- (Costa 1995:72 [ref. 22097]). •Valid as Garcialebias viarius (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias viarius (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965) -- (Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:63 [ref. 25711], Costa & Cheffe 2001:180 [ref. 25851], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Calviño 2003:11 [ref. 26595], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:528 [ref. 27061], Loureiro et al. 2004:27 [ref. 27658], Costa 2006:117 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:180 [ref. 30417], Volcan et al. 2014:169 [ref. 33543], Litz & Koerber 2014:31 [ref. 33622], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565] dated 1964, Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Volcan et al. 2021:106 [ref. 38292], Loureiro et al. 2023:167 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias viarius (Vaz-Ferreira, Sierra de Soriano & Scaglia de Paulete 1965). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: pools of coastal river drainages (southeastern Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater. wichi, Austrolebias Alonso [F.], Terán [G. E.], Calviño [P. A.], García [I.], Cardoso [Y.] & García [G.] 2018:3, Figs. 1A-B, 2A, 3-4 [PLoS ONE v. 13 (no. 5) e0196261; ref. 35938] Temporary pond at the side of RP 53, near Padre Lozano town, Bermejo river basin, Paraná river basin, Departamento de San Martín, Salta Province, Argentina, 23°13'2.81"S, 63°49'12.66"W, elevation 274 meters. Holotype: IBIGEO-I 443. Paratypes: CI-FML, IBIGEO. •Valid as Amatolebias wichi (Alonso, Terán, Calviño, García, Cardoso & García 2018) -- (Alonso et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40368]). •Valid as Austrolebias wichi Alonso, Terán, Calviño, García, Cardoso & García 2018 -- (Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Koerber et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias wichi Alonso, Terán, Calviño, García, Cardoso & García 2018. Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Bermejo river drainage, Paraná river basin (Salta, Argentina). Habitat: freshwater. wolterstorffi, Cynolebias Ahl [E.] 1924:359 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 58 (nos 11/12); ref. 15434] Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMH H65. Paralectotypes: (4 destroyed) ZMH H191 (1); ZMB 20980 (2), 21123 (1), 21159 (now 6). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:161 [ref. 19181], Paepke & Seegers 1986:157 [ref. 19981], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:404 [ref. 21161] as syntypes. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:94 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Cynolebias wolterstorffi Ahl 1924 -- (Malabarba 1989:159 [ref. 14217], Costa 1995:76 [ref. 22097]). •Valid as Megalebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924) -- (Costa 1998:76 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:204 [ref. 25711], Costa 2002:917 [ref. 26505], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:531 [ref. 27061], Costa 2006:48 [ref. 28708], Costa 2009:188 [ref. 30417], Bertaco et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34561], Alonso et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40292], Koerber et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40355]). •Valid as Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924) -- (Litz & Koerber 2014:31 [ref. 33622], Nión et al. 2016:43 [ref. 35565], Garcez et al. 2018:[5] 1507 [ref. 36843], Loureiro et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36240], Loureiro et al. 2023:170 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl 1924). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos basin, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. |