Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Hemiodus: [ 32 ] records

amazonum, Curimatus Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:165, Pl. 45 (fig. 2) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Rio Marañón, Cachoeira de Rentema, provincia de Saint-Jean de Bracamoros, Peru. No types known. The epithet amazonum [of the amazons, women warriors after which the Amazon River was named] is a noun in the genitive plural and should not be treated as amazonus or amazona. The adjectival form is amazonicus, -a, -um. There is no adjective amazonus, -a, -um. [On advice from Dan H. Nicolson, NMNH, Sept. 2004.] •Valid as Hemiodus amazona (Humboldt 1821) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708], Nico 2001:140 [ref. 25828]). •Valid as Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt 1821) -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1267 [ref. 32535], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt 1821). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Marañón and Ucayali River basins (Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Hemiodus Pellegrin [J.] 1909:344 [3] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] Río Orinoco, Venezuela. Lectotype: MNHN 1887-0770. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1887-0769 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:36-37 [ref. 19577]. On p. 3 of separate. Lectotype selected by Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061]. Apparently published in 1909, in volume for 1908. •Valid as Hemiodopsis argenteus (Pellegrin 1909) -- (Taphorn 1992:458 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin 1909 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1267 [ref. 32535], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2019:801 [ref. 36655], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:178 [ref. 37389], Silvano et al. 2020:137 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:14 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:20 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin 1909. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco and Amazon River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

atranalis, Pterohemiodus Fowler [H. W.] 1940:258, Fig. 57 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Ucayali River basin, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 68671. Paratypes: ANSP 68672 (1), 68673 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:112 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Pterohemiodus atranalis Fowler 1940 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708] as atrianalis). •Valid as Hemiodus atranalis (Fowler 1940) -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1262 [ref. 32535], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:178 [ref. 37389], Silvano et al. 2020:137 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:14 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus atranalis (Fowler 1940). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

banana, Pacu Natterer [J.] in Kner 1859:158 [22] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 17; ref. 2631] Cujabá, Brazil. On p. 22 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing. •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus. Hemiodontidae.

bimaculatus, Hemiodus Nogueira [A. F.], Langeani [F.] & Netto‐Ferreira [A. L.] 2019:799, Fig. 1 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 94 (no. 5); ref. 36655] Rio Claro or Rio Água Verde, circa 12 km SE of São José do Rio Claro on road MT-010 towards Diamantino, São José do Rio Claro, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°30'12"S, 56° 37'08"W. Holotype: MCP 30410. Paratypes: DZSJRP, INPA, MCP, MZUSP. •Valid as Hemiodus bimaculatus Nogueira, Langeani & Netto‐Ferreira 2019 -- (Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:178 [ref. 37389]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus bimaculatus Nogueira, Langeani & Netto‐Ferreira 2019. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Tapajós basin (Mato Grosso, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

crenidens, Hemiodus Müller [J. W. von] 1842:324 [Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie, und wissenschaftliche Medicin (J. Müller) v. 9 [1842]; ref. 19677] Brazil. Syntypes: ZMB 33926 (2). Also appeared in Müller 1842:206 [ref. 3062] and in Müller 1843:316 [ref. 3063]. •Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061], Langeani 2024:369 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

goeldii, Hemiodus Steindachner [F.] 1908:61 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 6) (for 13 Feb. 1908); ref. 13415] Likely Rio Xingu, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 68642. •Valid as Hemiodus goeldii Steindachner 1908 -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1265 [ref. 32535], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679], Silva et al. 2020:178 [ref. 37389], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus goeldii Steindachner 1908. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Amapá River basin (Pará, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Hemiodus Günther [A.] 1864:299 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Cupai [= Rio Cupari], Rio Tapajós basin, Amazon River drainage, Pará State, Brazil. Lectotype: BMNH 1853.3.19.54. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1853.3.19.55 (1). Lectotype selected by Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061]. •Valid as Hemiodopsis gracilis (Günther 1864) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:461 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Hemiodus gracilis Günther 1864 -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Lasso et al. 2001:97 [ref. 25928], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1265 [ref. 32535], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35006], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silvano et al. 2020:137 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:14 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus gracilis Günther 1864. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Negro, Tapajós, Madeira, Solimões, Amazon, and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

humboldti, Prochilodus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:90 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] "Maragnon, vis-à-vis de la cataracte de Rentema, dans la province de Saint Jean de Braeamoros". Family placement uncertain, based on Fowler manuscript placement. •Synonym of Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt 1821) -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt 1821). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

huraulti, Hemiodopsis Géry [J.] 1964:69, Fig. 2 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 3, Nov.); ref. 2150] Upper Maroni River, near Litani Falls, French Guiana. Holotype: MHNG 2151.14 [ex Géry coll. 5792.3]. Paratypes: (2). Type catalog: Weber 1998:7 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Hemiodopsis huraulti Géry 1964 -- (Planquette et al. 1996:98 [ref. 22818]). •Valid as Hemiodus huraulti (Géry 1964) -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1261 [ref. 32535], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus huraulti (Géry 1964). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Maroni and Mana River basins (French Guiana and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

immaculatus, Hemiodus Kner [R.] 1858:78 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Manaus, Brazil. Holotype: NMW 68641. Appeared in more detail in Kner 1859:157, Pl. 5 [ref. 2631]. •Valid as Hemiodopsis immaculatus (Kner 1858). •Valid as Hemiodus immaculatus Kner 1858 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani 2004:2 [ref. 27851], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1267 [ref. 32535], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2019:801 [ref. 36655], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:178 [ref. 37389], Silvano et al. 2020:138 [ref. 38133]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus immaculatus Kner 1858. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

iratapuru, Hemiodus Langeani [F.] & Moreira [C. R.] 2013:1259, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 82; ref. 32535] Cachoeira de São Raimundo, Rio Iratapura, left bank tributary of Rio Jari, adjacent to Iratapura community, above Cachoeira de Santo Antônio, 0°33'59"S, 52°34'40"W, município de Laranjal. Amapá, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 101564. Paratypes: Many from DZSJRP, MZUSP. Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:437 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Hemiodus iratapuru Langeani & Moreira 2013 -- (Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:178 [ref. 37389]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus iratapuru Langeani & Moreira 2013. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jari drainage, Amazon basin (Pará and Amapá, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

jatuarana, Hemiodus Langeani [F.] 2004:2, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa No. 546; ref. 27851] Oriximiná, rio Trombetas, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 5408 [not 54083]. Paratypes: MZUSP 83358 (2). •Valid as Hemiodus jatuarana Langeani 2004 -- (Beltrão & Zuanon 2012:255 [ref. 32032], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1267 [ref. 32535], Langeani 2024:367 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus jatuarana Langeani 2004. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Trombetas River drainage, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

kappleri, Hemiodus Günther [A.] 1868:479 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Suriname. Lectotype: BMNH 1866.9.10.29. Paralectotype: BMNH 1866.9.10.30 (1). Also published in Günther (Sept.) 1868:244 [ref. 5756]. Lectotype selected by Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061]. •Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061], Langeani 2024:369 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

langeanii, Hemiodus Beltrão [H.] & Zuanon [J.] 2012:256, Figs. 1a, 2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 32032] Rio Amana, igarapé Porquinho, 5°06'33.0'S, 57°32'08.0"W, Floresta Nacional do Amana reserve (FLONA do Amana), Itaituba, Para State Brazil. Holotype: INPA 31564. Paratypes: INPA 31562 (8 + 1 c&s), 31563 (6); MPMZUSP 109438 (2); MPEG 20035 (2). •Valid as Hemiodus langeanii Beltrão & Zuanon 2012. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus langeanii Beltrão & Zuanon 2012. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Rio Amana, a tributary of rio Maués-Açú, rio Amazonas drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

luelingi, Pterohemiodus Géry [J.] 1962:332, Pl. 1 [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 12 (nos. 3/4); ref. 5904] Quisto Cocha, small lake bordering River Italya, tributary of Peruvian Amazon, about 15 kilometers west of Iquitos, Peru. Holotype: ZFMK 1226. Paratypes: MHNG 2150.6 [ex Géry coll. M.202.3] (1), ZFMK 1227 (1). Type catalog: Busse 1984:217 [ref. 28342] dated to 1961, Herder et al. 2010:114 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Pterohemiodus luelingi Géry 1962 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Hemiodus atranalis (Fowler 1940) -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus atranalis (Fowler 1940). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

microcephalus, Hemiodus Günther [A.] 1864:298 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. Lectotype: BMNH 1849.11.8.39. Paralectotype: BMNH 1849.11.8.40 (1). Lectotype selected by Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061]. •Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061], Langeani 2024:369 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

microlepis, Hemiodus Kner [R.] 1858:77 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Guaporé in Mato Grosso or Manaus, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 79472 (dry). Paralectotypes: NMW 68571 (2). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1859:155, Pl. 4 [ref. 2631]. Lectotype selected by Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061]. •Valid as Hemiodopsis microlepis (Kner 1858) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708], Britski et al. 1999:71 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Hemiodus microlepis Kner 1858 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1267 [ref. 32535], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745] and as cf. microlepis, Sarmiento et al. 2014:79, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2019:801 [ref. 36655], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37389], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:21 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus microlepis Kner 1858. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

notatus, Anodus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:218, Pl. 15 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Sandbank on the Rio Negro, South America. No types known. Provisionally placed in Anodus in original description. •Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061] with author as Schomburgk, Langeani 2024:369 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ocellata, Hemiodopsis Vari [R. P.] 1982:188, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 95 (no. 1); ref. 8408] Main stream of Dalbana Creek, Nickerie District, Suriname, about 4°47'N, 57°29'W. Holotype: USNM 221175. Paratypes: USNM 225592 (1), 225593 (2, 1 c&s), 225594 (4). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:25 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin 1909 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Hemiodus ocellatus (Vari 1982) -- (Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus ocellatus (Vari 1982). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Guyana, Suriname and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

orthonops, Hemiodus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:511 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 61476 [ex IU 9955]. Paratypes: (5) CAS 61477 [ex IU 9958] (1), CAS 61478 [ex IU 9959] (2, 1 dissected), FMNH 52573 (1), ZMB 16959-61 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemiodus orthonops Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:54 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:71 [ref. 24147], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:16 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:71 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:10 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35267], Nogueira et al. 2019:802 [ref. 36655], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus orthonops Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and Paraná River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

parnaguae, Hemiodus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] 1916:87, Pl. 17 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (nos 1/2) (art. 7); ref. 12361] Lagoa de Parnagua, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56886 [ex CM 5701]. Paratypes: CAS 61479 [ex IU 13541, CM 5702] (1), FMNH 56887 [ex CM 5762] (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:55 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemiodus parnaguae Eigenmann & Henn 1916 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1267 [ref. 32535], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], Nogueira et al. 2019:803 [ref. 36655], Koerber et al. 2022:21 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus parnaguae Eigenmann & Henn 1916. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

quadrimaculatus, Hemiodus Pellegrin [J.] 1909:343 [2] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] Camopi River, French Guiana. Lectotype: MNHN 1901-0394. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1901-0395 to 0397 (1, 1, 1), FMNH (1, missing). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:37 [ref. 19577], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367]. On p. 2 of separate. Lectotype selected by Géry 1964 [ref. 2150]. •Valid as Hemiodopsis quadrimaculatus (Pellegrin 1909) -- (Géry et al. 1991:20 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:100 [ref. 22818]). •Valid as Hemiodus quadrimaculatus Pellegrin 1909 -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1261 [ref. 32535], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701] dated 1908, Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37389]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus quadrimaculatus Pellegrin 1909. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Northern South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

rodolphoi, Hemiodus Fowler [H. W.] 1941:174, Figs. 84-85 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Rio Parnahyba, Therezina, Piauhy, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 69483. Paratypes: ANSP 69484 (1), 69485-88 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:112 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Hemiodus parnaguae Eigenmann & Henn 1916 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus parnaguae Eigenmann & Henn 1916. Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

semitaeniatus, Hemiodus Kner [R.] 1858:77 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Rio Guaporé, Amazon system, Brazil. Lectotype: MNW 69489. Paralectotype: NMW 69489 (1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1859:154, Pl. 4 [ref. 2631]. Lectotype selected by Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061]. •Valid as Hemiodopsis semitaeniatus (Kner 1858) -- (Britski et al. 1999:71 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner 1858 -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1266 [ref. 32535], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1267 [ref. 32535], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Koerber et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2019:803 [ref. 36655], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37389], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner 1858. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

sterni, Hemiodopsis Géry [J.] 1964:70, Fig. 3 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 3, Nov.); ref. 2150] Amazon system, shore of Upper Rio Juruena, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 194377. Paratypes: USNM 194330 (1), 194368 (1, missing). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:25 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemiodus sterni (Géry 1964) -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:98 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1261 [ref. 32535], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37389]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus sterni (Géry 1964). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tapajós basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ternetzi, Hemiodus Myers [G. S.] 1927:110 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Jausinho Brook, into the Tocantins, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 61480 [IU 17691]. Paratypes: CAS 61481 [ex IU 17692] (4), MCZ 31567 (1). •Valid as Hemiodus ternetzi Myers 1927 -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1261 [ref. 32535], Silva et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37389]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus ternetzi Myers 1927. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

thayeria, Hemiodus Böhlke [J. E.] 1955:8, Figs. 20-21 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 278; ref. 12365] Rio Negro, Brazil-Colombia border, about 1°12'N, 66°51'W. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 48146. •Valid as Hemiodus thayeria Böhlke 1955 -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1261 [ref. 32535], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2019:803 [ref. 36655], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37389]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus thayeria Böhlke 1955. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Negro, and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

tocantinensis, Hemiodus Langeani [F.] 1999:719, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1999 (no. 3); ref. 23914] Tributary stream of ribeirao Lajeadinho, below "cuesta," rio Araguaia, Alto Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 52628. Paratypes: MZUSP 21307 (2), 21315 (17), 21325 (2), 29648 (11), 29650-51 (5, 1), 41478 (1); USNM 268085 (6). •Valid as Hemiodus tocantinensis Langeani 1999 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061], Beltrão & Zuanon 2012:255 [ref. 32032], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1261 [ref. 32535], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37389]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus tocantinensis Langeani 1999. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Araguaia River and lower Tocantins River basins (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

tucupi, Hemiodus Silva [I. da S.], Nogueira [A. F.], Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], Akama [A.] & Dutra [G. M.] 2020:173, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4751 (no. 1); ref. 37389] Bacajá at rapids of the Igarapé Bacajaí, Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Brazil, 3°54'37.91"S, 51°44'32.78"W. Holotype: MPEG 36362. Paratypes: ANSP, DZSJRP, INPA, LIA, MPEG, MZUSP, UFRGS. Plus a non-type specimen. •Valid as Hemiodus tucupi Silva, Nogueira, Netto-Ferreira, Akama & Dutra 2020 -- (Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus tucupi Silva, Nogueira, Netto-Ferreira, Akama & Dutra 2020. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: lower Rio Xingu (Pará, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

unimaculatus, Salmo Bloch [M. E.] 1794:105, Pl. 381 (fig. 3) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Brazil; Suriname. Syntypes: ZMB 3535 (2) America. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:86, and errata on inside of back cover [ref. 24282]. On p. 85 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 11 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Planquette et al. 1996:102 [ref. 22818], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2019:803 [ref. 36655], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050], Silva et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37389], Silvano et al. 2020:138 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:21 [ref. 39235], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Langeani 2024:369 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch 1794). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

vorderwinkleri, Hemiodopsis Géry [J.] 1964:14, Fig. 1 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 3, Nov.); ref. 2150] Upper Amazon, Brazilian-Colombian boundaries surrounding Leticia. Holotype: MHNG 2151.20 [ex Géry coll. 0123.1]. Paratypes: BMNH 1972.10.17.1417 (1), OUM C.198a (1). Type catalog: Weber 1998:7 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Hemiodus vorderwinkleri (Géry 1964) -- (Langeani 1999:721 [ref. 23914] as vorderwinckleri, Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1261 [ref. 32535], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35633], Nogueira et al. 2019:803 [ref. 36655], Nogueira et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 38050]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus vorderwinkleri (Géry 1964). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon, Brazilian-Colombia border and Mato Grosso (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.