Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Paralichthys: [ 40 ] records

adspersus, Pseudorhombus Steindachner [F.] 1867:119 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 4 (no. 14) (for 16 May 1867); ref. 21724] Chinchas Islands [? Chincha Islands, Peru]. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Species also appeared on p. 79 of English version [ref. 18764]; later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1867:709, Pl. 2 [p. 9 of separate] [ref. 6393]. •Valid as Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner 1867) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:58 [ref. 39147], Nakamura in Nakamura et al. 1986:296 [ref. 14235], Pequeño & Plaza 1987:165 [ref. 6629], Pequeño 1989:76 [ref. 14125] as adpersus, Evseenko 1998:58 [ref. 23643], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:202 [ref. 24555], Evseenko 1998:834 [ref. 24689], Pequeño & Sáez 2000:33 [ref. 24590], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:242 [ref. 40816]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner 1867). Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific off northwestern South America. Habitat: marine.

aestuarius, Paralichthys Gilbert [C. H.] & Scofield [N. B.] 1898:499, Pl. 39 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 20 (no. 1131); ref. 14633] Shoal Point, Gulf of California, at mouth of Colorado River, Sonora, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 48128. Paratypes: BMNH 1897.1.12.61 (1), CAS-SU 195 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:140 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert & Scofield 1898 -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:58 [ref. 39147], Hensley in Fischer et al. 1995:1373 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:615 [ref. 24023], Arellano-Martínez et al. 1997:936 [ref. 24501], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:474 [ref. 24550], Fuller et al. 1999:479 [ref. 25838], Thomson et al. 2000:293 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:180 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:173 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:185 [ref. 32708], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Love et al. 2021:217 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert & Scofield 1898. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of central Baja California (Mexico); Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

albigutta, Paralichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:302 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 282); ref. 2472] Laguna Grande, Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 30818 (2, now 1). Additional material: USNM 4887 (1) and a few other small specimens. Appeared first and perhaps dates to Goode & Bean 1879:125 [ref. 18134] as Pseudorhombus dentatus albigutta. •Valid as Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Gutherz 1967:12 [ref. 23862], Robins & Ray 1986:290 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:176 [ref. 23239], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:476 [ref. 24550], Fuller et al. 1999:480 [ref. 25838], Munroe 2003:1909 [ref. 27118], Nelson et al. 2004:180 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:855 [ref. 28815], García-Hernández et al. 2009:94 [ref. 37265], Page et al. 2013:185 [ref. 32708], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Gulf of Mexico. Habitat: marine.

albigutta, Pseudorhombus dentatus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1879:125 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 74); ref. 18134] Appeared in table of measurements as "Locality......albigutta, type." Later described as Paralichthys albiguttata by Jordan & Gilbert 1882:302 [ref. 2472] to which the species is typically dated. USNM specimen 4887, no locality given. Nomen Nudum. Paralichthyidae.

aramaca, Rhombus Castelnau [F. L.] (ex Marcgrave) 1855:78, Pl. 40 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MNHN 1999-0437. •Synonym of Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani 1842) -- (Desoutter et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25922]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani 1842). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bicyclophorus, Paralichthys Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1915:Heterostoma p. 14, pl. [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 17; ref. 3711] Praça do Mercado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 3022A. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 13626 [ex MNRJ 3022] (1). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:405 [ref. 12732], Miranda Ribeiro 1959:7 [ref. 10393] with MNRJ 3357 as type. On p. 652 when continuously paginated. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:405 [ref. 12732] [but perhaps specimen not isolated]; lectotype also designated by Díaz de Astarloa 1996:1035 [ref. 22781] and 1 syntype moved to a new catalog number. •Valid as Paralichthys bicyclophorus Miranda Ribeiro 1915 -- (Andreata & Séret 1996:589 [ref. 16204] as Paralichtys). •Synonym of Paralichthys patagonicus Jordan 1889 -- (Díaz de Astarloa 1996:1035 [ref. 22781], Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:146 [ref. 25942]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys patagonicus Jordan 1889. Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

brasiliensis, Hippoglossus Ranzani [C.] 1842:10, Pl. 3 [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Instituti Bononiensis v. 5; ref. 3606] Bahia, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUB 955. •Valid as Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani 1842) -- (Nakamura in Nakamura et al. 1986:300 [ref. 14235], Andreata & Séret 1996:589 [ref. 16204] as Paralychtys dated 1840, Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:144 [ref. 25942], Camargo & Isaac 2001:144 [ref. 27639], López et al. 2002:66 [ref. 26808], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:106 [ref. 27192], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:241 [ref. 28684], Di Dario et al. 2013:264 [ref. 37503], Catelani et al. 2014:933 [ref. 37496], Nión et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35565], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Spier et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36717], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:386 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:273 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:43 [ref. 40710]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani 1842). Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Bahia (Brazil) south to southern Argentina. Habitat: brackish, marine.

californicus, Hippoglossus Ayres [W. O.] 1859:29, Fig. 10 (p. 59) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 2 (1858-1862); ref. 155] San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.A. No types known. Any types at CAS would have been lost in 1906. •Valid as Paralichthys californicus (Ayres 1859) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:285 [ref. 9277], Swift et al. 1993:132 [ref. 22379], Hensley in Fischer et al. 1995:1374 [ref. 22830], Evseenko 1998:58 [ref. 23643], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:475 [ref. 24550], Allen & Groce 2001:137 [ref. 25751], Nelson et al. 2004:180 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:173 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:185 [ref. 32708], Kells et al. 2016:324 [ref. 35888], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36025], Burton & Lea 2019:95 [ref. 37205], Love et al. 2021:217 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys californicus (Ayres 1859). Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: northern Washington (U.S.A.) south to southern Baja California Sur (Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.

coreanicus, Paralichthys olivaceus var. Schmidt [P. Yu.] 1904:230 [Fishes of the eastern seas of the Russian Empire; ref. 3946] Wonsan, Korea, Sea of Japan. Syntypes: ZIN 12378 (2). Type catalog: Voronina & Volkova 2019:262 [ref. 37075]. Appeared first without distinguishing features in Schmidt 1903:521 (19 of separate) [ref. 3945]. •Synonym of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Amaoka 1969:86 [ref. 105], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:20 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:121 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535], Parin et al. 2014:525 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:194 [ref. 35257]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

delfini, Paralichthys Pequeño [G.] & Plaza [R.] 1987:160, Fig. 1 [Revista de Biologia Marina, Valparaiso v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 6629] Lago Budi, a coastal lagoon, 38°53'S, 73°18'W, Chile. Holotype: MNHNC P.6538. Paratypes: P. M. 989. Type catalog: Meléndez C. et al. 1993:207 [ref. 24124]. •Valid as Paralichthys delfini Pequeño & Plaza 1987 -- (Pequeño 1989:76 [ref. 14125], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys delfini Pequeño & Plaza 1987. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southeast Pacific off Chile. Habitat: marine.

dentatus, Pleuronectes Linnaeus [C.] (ex Garden) 1766:458 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.]. Holotype: Linn. Soc. Lond. 122 (eyed side skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:69-70 [ref. 20705]. Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:197 [ref. 1841]. Based on 'Plaise' in manuscript description and specimen sent by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Valid as Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Gutherz 1967:9 [ref. 23862], Smith 1986:454 [ref. 22186], Robins & Ray 1986:290 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:537 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:220 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:176 [ref. 23239], Murdy et al. 1997:277 [ref. 23144], Evseenko 1998:58 [ref. 23643], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:554 [ref. 26158], Munroe 2003:1919 [ref. 27118], Nelson et al. 2004:180 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:185 [ref. 32708], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus 1766). Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic: off eastern U.S.A. Habitat: marine.

fernandezianus, Paralichthys Steindachner [F.] 1903:208 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Jena, Supplementband v. 6 (for 1905); ref. 15047] Juan Fernández Islands. Holotype (unique): ?ZMB 16279. •Valid as Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner 1903 -- (Pequeño & Plaza 1987:165 [ref. 6629], Pequeño 1989:76 [ref. 14125], Pequeño & Sáez 2000:33 [ref. 24590], Dyer & Westneat 2010:610 [ref. 31446], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner 1903. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Juan Fernandez and Desventuradas islands (Chile). Habitat: marine.

hilgendorfii, Paralichthys Steindachner [F.] 1903:209 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Jena, Supplementband v. 6 (for 1905); ref. 15047] Juan Fernández Islands. Holotype (unique): ZMB 16280. Species spelling should be hilgendorfii. •Valid as Paralichthys hilgendorfi Steindachner 1903 -- (Pequeño 1989:76 [ref. 14125], Pequeño & Sáez 2000:33 [ref. 24590]). •Synonym of Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner 1903 -- (Dyer & Westneat 2010:610 [ref. 31446]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner 1903. Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

isosceles, Paralichthys Jordan [D. S.] 1891:330 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 13 (no. 829); ref. 2391] Harbor of Bahia, Brazil. Syntypes: CAS-SU 2789 (2); USNM 43335 (1), 43371 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:140 [ref. 12291] as isoceles. •Valid as Paralichthys isosceles Jordan 1891 -- (Nakamura in Nakamura et al. 1986:298 [ref. 14235], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:106 [ref. 27192], Díaz de Astarloa & Fabré 2003:124 [ref. 27726], Díaz de Astarloa & Munroe 1998:5 [ref. 38548], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:241 [ref. 28684], Mabragaña et al. 2011:10 and table S2 [ref. 31800] as belonging to a new genus, Nión et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35565], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Carvalho-Filho 2023:273 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys isosceles Jordan 1891. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Bahia (Brazil) south to Gulf of San Jorge (Argentina). Habitat: marine.

lethostigma, Paralichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] in Jordan & Meek 1884:237 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 427); ref. 10595] New England to Texas and West Indies. Types not researched. Based on Paralichthys dentatus of Jordan & Gilbert 1883:822 [ref. 2476] (not dentatus Linnaeus). •Valid as Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert 1884 -- (Gutherz 1967:10 [ref. 23862], Lee et al. 1980:829 [ref. 22416], Robins & Ray 1986:290 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:176 [ref. 23239], Knight & Hastings 1994:150 [ref. 25560], Mettee et al. 1996:749 [ref. 25836], Murdy et al. 1997:275 [ref. 23144], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:476 [ref. 24550], Fuller et al. 1999:480 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:526 [ref. 25978], Munroe 2003:1910 [ref. 27118], Nelson et al. 2004:180 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:636 [ref. 27995], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:856 [ref. 28815], Page & Burr 2011:620 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:185 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:424 [ref. 35886], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Golani 2021:84 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:48 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert 1884. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Atlantic and Gulf coasts of U.S.A. (North Carolina to Mexico); introduced in eastern Mediterranean. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

maculosus, Pleuronectes Girard [C. F.] 1854:155 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 5769] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Pleuronectes maculosus Cuvier 1829. •Valid as Paralichthys maculosus (Girard 1854) -- (Herrera 1896:70 [ref. 39336]). •In the synonymy of Paralichthys californicus (Ayres 1859). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys californicus (Ayres 1859). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

magdalenae, Paralichthys Abbott [C. C.] in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2871 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 10197 [not 10196 as published]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:140 [ref. 12291]. Author is C. C. Abbott. •Synonym of Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert & Scofield 1898 -- (Hensley in Fischer et al. 1995:1373 [ref. 22830], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:474 [ref. 24550]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys aestuarius Gilbert & Scofield 1898. Paralichthyidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

melanogaster, Pleuronectes Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:390 [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York market, New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Smith 1986:455 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus 1766). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

microps, Hippoglossina Günther [A.] 1881:21 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 49, 1881 (pt 1) (art. 1) (for 4 Jan. 1881); ref. 2012] West coast of Patagonia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1880.7.28.6. •Valid as Paralichthys microps (Günther 1881) -- (Nakamura in Nakamura et al. 1986:294 [ref. 14235], Pequeño & Plaza 1987:165 [ref. 6629], Pequeño & D'Ottone D. 1987:114 [ref. 11844], Pequeño 1989:76 [ref. 14125], Evseenko 1998:58 [ref. 23643], Evseenko 1998:836 [ref. 24689], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:202 [ref. 24555], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys microps (Günther 1881). Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southeast Pacific off Chile. Habitat: marine.

nivosus, Paralichthys simulans var. Lahille [F.] 1939:Pl. 7 [Physis (Buenos Aires) v. 16; ref. 21719] Not available, see account of Paralichthys simulans Lahille 1939. •In the synonymy of Paralichthys simulans Lahille 1939 -- (Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:237 [ref. 28684]). •In the synonymy Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839) based on placement of simulans. Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839). Paralichthyidae.

oblongus, Pleuronectes Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:391 [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Hippoglossina oblonga (Mitchill 1815) -- (Gutherz 1967:18 [ref. 23862], Evseenko 1996:726 [ref. 24666], Evseenko 1998:58 [ref. 23643], Munroe 2003:1919 [ref. 27118]). •Valid as Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill 1815) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:290 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:538 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:220 [ref. 14674], Murdy et al. 1997:276 [ref. 23144], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:559 [ref. 26158], Nelson et al. 2004:180 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:185 [ref. 32708], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill 1815). Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

obscurior, Paralichthys simulans var. Lahille [F.] 1939:Pl. 6 (no. 2) [Physis (Buenos Aires) v. 16; ref. 21719] See account of Paralichthys simulans Lahille 1939. •In the synonymy of Paralichthys simulans Lahille 1939 -- (Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:237 [ref. 28684]). •In the synonymy Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839) based on placement of simulans. Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839). Paralichthyidae.

ocellaris, Platessa DeKay [J. E.] 1842:300, Pl. 47 (fig. 152) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: New York State coll. (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Smith 1986:455 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys dentatus (Linnaeus 1766). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

olivaceus, Hippoglossus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:184, Pl. 94 [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D1302 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D1301 (1, stuffed). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:150 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Amaoka 1969:85 [ref. 105], Amaoka in Masuda et al. 1984:346 [ref. 6441], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:19 [ref. 21500], Kim & Youn 1994:106 [ref. 22286], Li & Wang 1995:117 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 1996:726 [ref. 24666], Cheng & Zhou 1997:444 [ref. 26385], Evseenko 1998:58 [ref. 23643], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:14 [ref. 24670], Mizuno et al. 1999:13 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:1355 [ref. 25182], Shimizu 2001:43 [ref. 25799], Wang et al. 2001:304 [ref. 26566], Nakabo 2002:1355 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:430, 680 [ref. 26218], Hagiwara 2003:40 [ref. 27188], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535], Motomura et al. 2010:230 [ref. 31256], Ohashi & Motomura 2011:77 [ref. 32413], Shinohara et al. 2014:274 [ref. 33330], Parin et al. 2014:525 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:194 [ref. 35257], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36025], Kimura & Imamura in Kimura et al. 2018:289 [ref. 36460], Kim et al. 2020:187 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:114 [ref. 37637], Dyldin et al. 2021:38 [ref. 38804], Redin & Kartavtsev 2022:19 [ref. 39989], Tashiro 2022:83 [ref. 39012]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Vietnam and China to Korea, Russia and Japan. Habitat: brackish, marine.

orbignyana, Platessa Jenyns [L.] (ex Valenciennes) 1842:137 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Probably not an available name. It appears that the plate from Valenciennes was published first and the name was made available from then, not here. Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839). Paralichthyidae.

orbignyana, Platessa Valenciennes [A.] 1839:Pl. 16 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1999-0295. Name available from plate, description in Valenciennes 1847:10 [ref. 5010]; also in Jenyns (ex Valenciennes) 1842. Pl. 16 was published in 1839. Type catalog: Desoutter et al. 2001:301 [ref. 25922] dating to 1837 and incorrectly with syntypes -- the figured specimen is the holotype. •Valid as Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:144 [ref. 25942], López et al. 2002:66 [ref. 26808], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:106 [ref. 27192] dating to 1839, Díaz de Astarloa & Fabré 2003:124 [ref. 27726], Díaz de Astarloa & Munroe 1998:5 [ref. 38548], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:236 [ref. 28684], Mabragaña et al. 2011:10 and table S2 [ref. 31800], Di Dario et al. 2013:264 [ref. 37503], Fabiano et al. 2014:9 [ref. 33530], Nión et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35565] with author as Jenyns 1842, Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Spier et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36717], Carvalho-Filho 2023:274 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839). Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) south to Gulf of San Matias (Argentina). Habitat: brackish, marine.

patagonicus, Paralichthys Jordan [D. S.] in Jordan & Goss 1889:248 [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 14 (for 1886) (art. 2); ref. 2482] Puerto San Antonio, eastern coast of Patagonia. Lectotype: MCZ 11399. Paralectotypes: MCZ 135300 [ex MCZ 11399] (2). Lectotype selected by Díaz de Astarloa 1996:1036 [ref. 22781]. •Valid as Paralichthys patagonicus Jordan 1889 -- (Pequeño & Plaza 1987:165 [ref. 6629], Pequeño 1989:76 [ref. 14125], Díaz de Astarloa 1996:1035 [ref. 22781], Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:146 [ref. 25942], López et al. 2002:66 [ref. 26808], Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:106 [ref. 27192], Díaz de Astarloa & Fabré 2003:124 [ref. 27726], Díaz de Astarloa & Munroe 1998:5 [ref. 38548], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:241 [ref. 28684], Mabragaña et al. 2011:10 and table S2 [ref. 31800], Nión et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35565] with author as (Jordan 1890), Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Spier et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36717], Carvalho-Filho 2023:274 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys patagonicus Jordan 1889. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Chile; southwestern Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) south to southern Argentina. Habitat: marine.

percocephala, Platessa Basilewsky [S.] 1855:245 [Nouveaux mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou v. 10; ref. 200] Northern China. Holotype or syntype: ZIN 5886 (1, lost). Type catalog: Voronina & Volkova 2019:279 [ref. 37075]. Type specimen ZIN 5886 lost during flood in 1924; see Voronina & Volkova 2019:279 [ref. 37075]. •Synonym of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:19 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:117 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535], Parin et al. 2014:525 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:194 [ref. 35257]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

quadrocellata, Platessa Storer [D. H.] 1848:242 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18841] Provincetown, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill 1815). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys oblongus (Mitchill 1815). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

ribeiroi, Xystreurys Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1923:26 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 63 (no. 2488); ref. 1474] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 83404. Paratypes: USNM 83399 (1). •Synonym of Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:237 [ref. 28684]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

schmitti, Paralichthys Ginsburg [I.] 1933:1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 82 (no. 2961); ref. 1800] Juan Fernández Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 88831. •Valid as Paralichthys schmitti Ginsburg 1933 -- (Pequeño & Plaza 1987:165 [ref. 6629] as smitti, Pequeño 1989:76 [ref. 14125] as smitti, Pequeño & Sáez 2000:33 [ref. 24590], Pequeño & Lamilla 2000:434 [ref. 24906], Meléndez C. & Cornejo C. 2001:70 [ref. 26163]). •Synonym of Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner 1903 -- (Dyer & Westneat 2010:610 [ref. 31446]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys fernandezianus Steindachner 1903. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Juan Fernández and Desventuradas islands (Chile). Habitat: marine.

simulans, Paralichthys Lahille [F.] 1939:191, Pls. 6-7 [Physis (Buenos Aires) v. 16; ref. 21719] Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Plate 6 (no. 2) is labelled Paralichthys simulans Lahille, var. obscurior, and Pl. 7 (no. 1) is labelled Paralichthys simulans Lahille, var. nivosus. Neither variety is described in the text and neither is apparently available (Art. 13 of the Code). •Synonym of Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839) -- (Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:237 [ref. 28684]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys orbignyanus (Valenciennes 1839). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

sinaloae, Paralichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Abbott [C. C.] in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2872 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype: USNM 47486 or CAS-SU 2930. Paratypes: BMNH 1895.5.27.221-222 (2), CAS-SU 11726-30 (5). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:140 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams 1897 -- (Hensley in Fischer et al. 1995:1375 [ref. 22830], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:475 [ref. 24550]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams 1897. Paralichthyidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

squamilentus, Paralichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:303 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 282); ref. 2472] Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 30862 (2). •Valid as Paralichthys squamilentus Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Gutherz 1967:9 [ref. 23862], Robins & Ray 1986:290 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:176 [ref. 23239], Munroe 2003:1920 [ref. 27118], Nelson et al. 2004:180 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:857 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:185 [ref. 32708], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys squamilentus Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

swinhonis, Pseudorhombus Günther [A.] 1873:379 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 18198] Chefoo, Shantung Province, China. Syntypes: BMNH 1873.9.23.17-18 (2). •Synonym of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Amaoka 1969:86 [ref. 105], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:19 [ref. 21500], Li & Wang 1995:120 [ref. 16193], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:194 [ref. 35257]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

triocellatus, Paralichthys Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1903:192 [49] [Boletim Sociedade Nacional Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro [Lavoura] 1903 (nos 4-7); ref. 3709] East-southeast of Ilha Rasa, off coast of Brazil, depth 100 meters. Lectotype: MNRJ 3154A. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 3154 (1). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:405 [ref. 12732], Miranda Ribeiro 1959:8 [ref. 10393]. On p. 49 of separate. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:405 [ref. 12732] [but perhaps specimen not isolated]. •Valid as Paralichthys triocellatus Miranda Ribeiro 1903 -- (Menezes & Figueiredo in Menezes et al. 2003:106 [ref. 27192], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:241 [ref. 28684], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Carvalho-Filho 2023:274 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys triocellatus Miranda Ribeiro 1903. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) south to Uruguay. Habitat: marine.

tropicus, Paralichthys Ginsburg [I.] 1933:4 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 82 (no. 2961); ref. 1800] Off Trinidad Island, West Indies, 10°37'40"N, 61°42'40"W, depth 31 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 34919. •Valid as Paralichthys tropicus Ginsburg 1933 -- (Gutherz 1967:11 [ref. 23862], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:459 [ref. 14275], Cervigón 1992:277 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1996:63 [ref. 24489], Aguilera 1998:53 [ref. 24221], Saavedra-Díaz et al. 2000:307 [ref. 24565], Munroe 2003:1911 [ref. 27118], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2006:241 [ref. 28684], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Carvalho-Filho 2023:274 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys tropicus Ginsburg 1933. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuela south to northern Brazil, including southern Caribbean Sea Habitat: marine.

vorax, Pseudorhombus Günther [A.] 1862:429 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] South America. Syntypes: BMNH 1848.12.31.13 (1) Schomburgk, 1855.9.19.1242-1243 (2) Haslar Collection, 2016.8.14.1 (1). Based on Rhombus aramaca of Castelnau (not of Cuvier 1829) and on 4 specimens; not regarded as a replacement name. •Uncertain in Paralichthys Girard 1858 -- (Norman 1934:77 [ref. 6893]). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

wolffii, Rhombus Bleeker [P.] 1854:421 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 13964] Nagasaki, Japan. Syntypes: (2). •Synonym of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Amaoka 1969:85 [ref. 105], Lindberg & Fedorov 1993:19 [ref. 21500], Evseenko 2003:S58 [ref. 28535], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:194 [ref. 35257]). Current status: Synonym of Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Paralichthyidae. Habitat: marine.

woolmani, Paralichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Williams [T. M.] in Gilbert 1897:457 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 19 (no. 1115); ref. 1629] Galápagos Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 47575. •Valid as Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams 1897 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:289 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:152 [ref. 23101], Hensley in Fischer et al. 1995:1375 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:614 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:202 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:475 [ref. 24550], Fuller et al. 1999:481 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:180 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:173 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:195 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:185 [ref. 32708], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:391 [ref. 34894], Díaz de Astarloa et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36025], Love et al. 2021:217 [ref. 39279], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:243 [ref. 40816]). Current status: Valid as Paralichthys woolmani Jordan & Williams 1897. Paralichthyidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: brackish, marine.