Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Scarus: [ 220 ] records

acutus, Scarus Poey [F.] 1860:216 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Havana, Cuba. Published July 1860. •Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:300 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

aeruginosus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:257 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Red Sea. Holotype: MNHN 0000-2487 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:291 [ref. 20736], Bauchot & Guibé 1961:259 [ref. 20737]. •Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Ormond 1978:245 [ref. 21371], Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:280 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

africanus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1955:19, Fig. 26; Pl. 3 (fig. 26) [Memorias do Museu Dr. Alvaro de Castro No. 3; ref. 4101] Shimoni, Kenya. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 68. Paratypes: (several) not researched. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Randall 1986:713 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:460 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2018:300 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:287 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

alternans, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:200 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Martinique Island, West Indies. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2468-69 (1, 1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:291 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

altipinnis, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1879:18 [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 41; ref. 4228] Gilbert Islands [Kingsmill Islands] and Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: (several) NMW 77760 (2). Species not included in earlier abstract [ref. 20480]. Originally described as "Scarus (Pseudoscarus) janthochir Blkr. var. (an Pseudoscarus altipinnis n. sp.?)". •Valid as Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:198 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:345 [ref. 15987], Senou & Morita 1993:4 [ref. 24328], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:345 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:23 [ref. 25829], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:1024 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:377 [ref. 25191], Bellwood 2001:3481 [ref. 26278], Nakabo 2002:1024 [ref. 26193], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:452 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1430 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:737 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2019:243 [ref. 36673], Sandra et al. 2022:[8] [ref. 39181]). Current status: Valid as Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Philippines and Papua New Guinea east to Marshall and Pitcairn islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (Australia). Record from Lakshadweep (India) needs verification. Habitat: marine.

apridentatus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:14, Pl. 44 (fig. F) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Malindi, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): type destroyed, based on illustration. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:283 [ref. 39936]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

arabicus, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1902:318 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 39 (no. 24) (art. 76); ref. 14894] Makalla, south-central coast of Arabia. Holotype (unique): NMW 72746. Described in more detail in Steindachner 1903:152 [ref. 15046]. •Valid as Scarus arabicus (Steindachner 1902) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:9 [ref. 5412], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Randall 1995:295 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:299 [ref. 34104], Zajonz et al. 2019:91 [ref. 36871], Randall 2022:278 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:220 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:308 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus arabicus (Steindachner 1902). Labridae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden (Yemen), Socotra (Yemen) and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan. Habitat: marine.

aracanga, Scarus Günther [A.] 1862:209 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Jamaica. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1933.2.20.1. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

arcuatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:276 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Thailand. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:217 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

atropectoralis, Scarus Schultz [L. P.] 1958:79, Pl. 15 (fig. A) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 214; ref. 3970] Buka Island, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype: USNM 147217. Paratypes: USNM 157321 (1). •Valid as Scarus atropectoralis Schultz 1958 -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:219 [ref. 6441], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Liao et al. 2004:531 [ref. 28045]). •Synonym of Scarus xanthopleura Bleeker 1853 -- (Randall 1997:49 [ref. 22932], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:462 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1434 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus xanthopleura Bleeker 1853. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

augustinus, Pseudoscarus Kossmann [R.] & Räuber [H.] 1877:409 [Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg. v. 1; ref. 18432] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): Apparently lost. Also appeared in Kossmann & Räuber 1877:27 [ref. 14246]. •Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:280 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

australianus, Scarus pyrrostethus Paradice [W. E. J.] in Paradice & Whitley 1927:103, Pl. 14 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 9 (pt 1); ref. 15810] Cape Wessel, Northern Territory, Australia. Holotype: AMS IA.1669. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Larson et al. 2013:167 [ref. 32988]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

azureus, Scarus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1928:742, Pl. 72 (fig. 1) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 249); ref. 2964] Panama City market, Panama. Holotype (unique): USNM 81778. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

balinensis, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1849:8 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 22 [7]; ref. 321] Boleling, northern Bali, Indonesia. Holotype: BMNH 1861.2.28.48. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bataviensis, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1857:342 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 16868] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6165 (1 of 8). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1864.5.15.44 (1). •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bennetti, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:270 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Hawaiian Islands. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus dubius Bennett 1828 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus dubius Bennett 1828. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

bollmani, Scarus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1887:470 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 586); ref. 2441] Snapper banks off Pensacola, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. (stomach content). Holotype: USNM 37993. Paratypes: USNM (1). •Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brevifilis, Pseudoscarus Günther [A.] 1909:327 [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 6 (no. 16); ref. 14377] Tahiti; Apamana [Abemana], Gilbert Islands. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1873.4.3.106 (1). Illustration published in Günther 1910, Pl. 161 [ref. 14460]. •Synonym of Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:198 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:345 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:452 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

brunneus, Scarus Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:59, Fig. 16 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: CAS-SU 6139. Syntypes: CAS-SU 23326 (? now 6); USNM 51067 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caerulescens, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:230 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Red Sea. •Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Ormond 1978:245 [ref. 21371] as coerulescens, Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412] as coerulescens, Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943] as coerulescens, Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:280 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleus, Sparus Shaw [G.] 1803:432 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Unneeded new name for Sparus holocyaneos Lacepède 1802. •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

californiensis, Pseudoscarus Pellegrin [J.] 1901:163 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 14764] La Paz Bay, Baja California, Mexico, Gulf of California. Syntypes: MNHN 1900-0124 (1), 1901-0247 (1, dry), 1901-0248 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:299 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

callyodon, Perca Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:354 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti 2003:498 [ref. 27322]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

calus, Scarus Fowler [H. W.] 1904:542, Pl. 21 (lower fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 27735. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:150 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:287 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cantori, Pseudoscarus Bleeker [P.] 1861:240 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 12; ref. 381] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; Sumatra; Singapore; Sulawesi; Batjan; Ambon; Timor. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1862.2.28.3 (1); ?NMV 45945 (1), RMNH 6677 (4) and 6677a (1). Also in Bleeker 1862:43, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [ref. 4858]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

carifanus, Xanothon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:6, Pl. 42 (fig. D) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Shimoni, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 71. Paratypes: not researched. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Randall & Ormond 1978:242 [ref. 21371], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

caudofasciatus, Pseudoscarus Günther [A.] 1862:238 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1840.12.12.24 (dry). •Valid as Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther 1862) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:12 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:712 [ref. 5706], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:57 [ref. 25356], Fricke 1999:455 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:461 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2009:91 [ref. 30213], Caratini & Soriano 2011:65 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:737 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:297 [ref. 35805], Psomadakis et al. 2020:530 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:314 [ref. 38802], Randall 2022:279 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther 1862). Labridae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (East Africa), Amirantes (Seychelles), Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Maldives, Andaman Islands (India), Myanmar and west coast of Thailand. Habitat: marine.

chadri, Scarus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:2, 12 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Arabia. •Questionably a synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chameleon, Scarus Choat [J. H.] & Randall [J. E.] 1986:199, Pls. 3 (figs. C-D), 9 (figs. D-H) [Records of the Australian Museum v. 38 (no. 4); ref. 8099] Eastern Sumilon Island, off southeast Cebu, Philippines, depth 20 meters. Holotype: BPBM 22177. Paratypes: AMS I.21997-001 (1), I.15470-001 (1), I.20572-014 (1); BPBM (9 lots, 11); BMNH 1984.4.17.41 (1); CAS 54884 (1); MNHN 1984-0418 (1); NSMT-P 23034 (1); NTM S11158-001 (1); QM I.14902 (1), I.16006 (1); USNM 266381 (2); WAM P.28275-001 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:34 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:37 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Scarus chameleon Choat & Randall 1986 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:122 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:346 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:310 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Allen 1997:198 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:346 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1021 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:378 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Bellwood 2001:3481 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1021 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Liao et al. 2004:531 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:453 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1430 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:176 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:738 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2019:243 [ref. 36673], Dewa et al. 2022:24 [ref. 40001]). Current status: Valid as Scarus chameleon Choat & Randall 1986. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Philippines, Palau and Fiji, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (Japan), south to Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

chinensis, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1867:585 [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 55 (pts 4-5); ref. 4213] Ningbo [Ningpo], Zhejiang Province, China. Holotype (unique): NMW 78633. •Valid as Scarus chinensis (Steindachner 1867) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Valid as Scarus chinensis (Steindachner 1867). Labridae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

chlorodon, Scarus Jenyns [L.] 1842:105, Pl. 21 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1918.1.31.12 (skin in spirit). •Synonym of Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:26 [ref. 5412], Randall et al. 1990:345 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:452 [ref. 28239], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

chrysopomus, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:163 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Possible types: AMS B.8190 [from Day] (1); BMNH 1861.2.28.5 (1), 1862.2.28.58 (1); MNHN 0000-1739 (1), 0000-1740 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:293 [ref. 20736]. Also in Bleeker 1847:53 [ref. 317]. •Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:286 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

coelestinus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:180 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] St. Thomas Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2459 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:293 [ref. 20736]. •Valid as Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:208 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:156 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:392 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:30 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Moura et al. 2001:518 [ref. 25371], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:991 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1729 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:533 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:81 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:213 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to Venezuela, including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

coerulea, Coryphaena Bloch [M. E.] 1786:148, Pl. 176 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 2; ref. 465] Bahamas and Antilles. No types known. On p. 120 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 5 [ref. 21381]. This species dates to Edwards 1771 and not to Bloch 1786 unless the ICZN is petitioned or continued usage maintained. Catesby 1771 is a rejected work, and unavailable (Opinions 89 and 259) but the appendix by Edwards is available. Coryphaena coerulea Bloch 1786 is a primary homonym of Coryphaena coerulea Edwards 1771. Spelled caerulea by Bonnaterre 1788:59 [ref. 4940] and Lacepède 1801:175, 200 [ref. 2710]. •Valid as Scarus coeruleus (Bloch 1786) -- (Cervigón 1992:392 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:31 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1730 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:534 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961]). •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae.

coerulea, Coryphaena Edwards [M.] in Catesby 1771:cat. 1 [The natural history of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands; ref. 774] Bahamas. No types known. Catesby 1771 is a rejected work, and unavailable (Opinions 89 and 259) but the appendix by Edwards is available. On Novacula caerulea Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina 1743, 18 pl. 18. Bahamas. This species should date to authorship as above and not to Bloch 1786. •Valid as Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771) (sometimes dated to (Bloch 1786)) -- (Cervigón 1992:392 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:31 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1730 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:534 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098]). Current status: Valid as Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

coeruleus, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:288 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Treatment in Bloch & Schneider is based on the same source as Edwards coerulea. Bloch & Schneider treat Scarus coerulea seven pages before, so the above is subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Scarus by Coryphaena coerulea Bloch 1786 [author is actually Edwards 1771; see Coryphaena coerulea]. •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

collana, Scarus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1835:25, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 1202. Rüppell specimens: BMNH 1845.10.29.66 (stuffed); SMF 2725 (1). Text published in 1835, Pl. 8 in 1836. Lectotype selected by Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757] but description evidently based only on one specimen. •Valid as Scarus collana Rüppell 1835 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:13 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[6] 244 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:279 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus collana Rüppell 1835. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea endemic. Habitat: marine.

collaris, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:265 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Massawah [Massaua], Eritrea, Red Sea. No types known. Perhaps not intended as a new name; same as collana Rüppell. •Synonym of Scarus collana Rüppell 1835 -- (Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus collana Rüppell 1835. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

compressus, Callyodon Osburn [R. C.] & Nichols [J. T.] 1916:171, Fig. 13 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 35 (art. 16); ref. 15062] Concepción Bay, off Ricason Point, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 87549 [ex AMNH 5205]. •Valid as Scarus compressus (Osburn & Nichols 1916) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:210 [ref. 22193], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Bellwood in Fischer et al. 1995:1423 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:505 [ref. 24023], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Thomson et al. 2000:189 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:138 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], González-Cuéllar et al. 2013:224 [ref. 32961], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], González-Murcia et al. 2019:301 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:177 [ref. 39279], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Scarus compressus (Osburn & Nichols 1916). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including Gulf of Californis (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

croicensis, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] 1790:27, Pl. 221 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] St. Croix Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. No types known. On p. 15 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. First named Callyodon iseri by Bloch 1789. •Valid as Scarus croicensis Bloch 1790 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:208 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:156 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:393 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1994:33 [ref. 24488], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Westneat 2003:1732 [ref. 27105]). •Junior synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (see Randall & Nelson 1979:211 [ref. 19975] as iserti, Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013] as iserti, Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], P. Parenti, pers. comm. Feb. 2011). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

cruciensis, Scarus Forster [J. R.] 1795:16 [Zoologia Indica, sistens descriptiones animalium selectorum; ref. 18091] India. Name only. Based on Scarus croicensis Bloch 1790. •In the synonymy of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae.

cuzamilae, Scarus Bean [T. H.] 1891:196, Pl. 29 (fig. 4) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 8 (art. 4) (for 1888); ref. 14497] Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 37128. •Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cyanognathos, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:164 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6672 (larger of 2). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1862.2.28.4 (1). Also in Bleeker 1847:63 [ref. 317]. •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943] as cyanognathus, Randall 2005:462 [ref. 28239] as cyanognathus). Current status: Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

cypho, Scarus Seale [A.] 1901:95 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 14357] Agaña, Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): BPBM 160. •Synonym of Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker 1861) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:220 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Myers & Donaldson 2003:638 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:461 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker 1861). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

diadema, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:198 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Martinique Island, West Indies. Syntypes: MNHN 00000-1747 (1), 0000-1749 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:293 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

dimidiatus, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1859:17 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 6 (art. 2); ref. 14003] Doreh Bay [Doreh], off Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia, New Guinea, ca. 0°53'25''S 134°05'29''E. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1864.5.15.24 (1). •Valid as Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker 1859 -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:219 [ref. 6441], Choat & Randall 1986:203 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:122 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:347 [ref. 15987], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:489 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:198 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:318 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:347 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1023 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3482 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1023 [ref. 26193], Kishimoto et al. 2002:4 [ref. 26569], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:161 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:531 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:453 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1430 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:176 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:738 [ref. 31980], Kottelat 2013:381 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:141 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:80 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:187 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:243 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker 1859. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Micronesia and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia Habitat: marine.

dubius, Scarus Bennett [E. T.] 1828:37 [Zoological Journal, London v. 4 (no. 13, art. 3); ref. 16783] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1852.9.13.105 [ex Zool. Soc.]. •Valid as Scarus dubius Bennett 1828 -- (Randall et al. 1990:355 [ref. 15987], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Fricke 1999:456 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:461 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:452 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:363 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Valid as Scarus dubius Bennett 1828. Labridae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll, Hawaiian Ridge and Hawaiian Islands; records from other areas based on misidentifications. Habitat: marine.

dubius, Scarus Hildebrand [S. F.] 1946:351, Fig. 72 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Lobos de Afuera Bay, Peru. Holotype: USNM 128113. Paratypes: USNM 128114 (2), 128115 (orig. 5, now 4); Gov't of Peru [ex USNM 128115] (1). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Scarus dubius Bennett 1828. •In the synonymy of Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

dussumieri, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:252 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Seychelles. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1720 (2), ?RMNH 6664 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:293 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:20 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:215 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Fricke 1999:457 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Eagderi et al. 2019:99 [ref. 37020], Randall 2022:283 [ref. 39936]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

elerae, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1907:31, Fig. 11 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 606) (for 1906); ref. 2498] Cavite, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 9246. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:33 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

emblematicus, Scarus Jordan [D. S.] & Rutter [C. L.] 1897:122 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 49; ref. 10644] Kingston, Jamaica. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 4954. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

eques, Pseudoscarus collana var. Steindachner [F.] 1903:151 [29] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 71; ref. 15046] Makalla, southeastern Arabian coast. Holotype (unique): NMW (not yet found). Not included in abstract [ref. 14894]. On p. 29 of separate. •Synonym of Scarus fuscopurpureus (Klunzinger 1871) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:18 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:282 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus fuscopurpureus (Klunzinger 1871). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

erythacus, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:318, Fig. 58 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype (unique): USNM 51750. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

falcipinnis, Pseudoscarus Playfair [R. L.] 1868:865, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 3) (art. 6) (for 14 Nov. 1867); ref. 14049] Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.8.16.69. •Valid as Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair 1868) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:15 [ref. 5412], Winterbottom et al. 1989:58 [ref. 13251], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Randall 1995:296 [ref. 22896], Fricke 1999:456 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Fricke et al. 2009:91 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:279 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:221 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:308 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair 1868). Labridae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Aldabra (Seychelles), Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory). Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:222 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ZMB 8586 (right skin). •Valid as Scarus fasciatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Chen et al. 1997:139 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:217 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:459 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

fehlmanni, Scarus Schultz [L. P.] 1969:24, Fig. 2 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 17; ref. 7843] Strait of Jubal, Egypt, 27°16'40"N, 33°46'50"E, Red Sea. Holotype: USNM 202419. Paratypes: USNM 202415-18 (1, 2, 1, 1). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:215 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:283 [ref. 39936]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ferrugineus, Scarus Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:29, x [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Dahab, northwestern coast of Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai, Egypt, Red Sea, depth 12 meters. Neotype: BPBM 18158. Type catalog: Fricke 2008:50 [ref. 30182]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:50 [ref. 30182]. Neotype designated by Randall & Ormond 1978:245 [ref. 21371]. •Valid as Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Ormond 1978:245 [ref. 21371], Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Randall et al. 1994:234 [ref. 21645], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Carpenter et al. 1997:201 [ref. 23922], Randall 1995:296 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Authorship according to Fricke 2008:50 [ref. 30182]., Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:99 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:91 [ref. 36871], Randall 2022:280 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:222 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:310 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen) and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

festivus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:282 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] No locality stated [probably Caroline Islands, western Pacific]. No types preserved. Based on a drawing by Mertens [Franz Karl Mertens, 1764-1831, German botanist]. •Valid as Scarus festivus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:218 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:712 [ref. 5706], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:490 [ref. 27969], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:456 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1021 [ref. 25182], Bellwood 2001:3482 [ref. 26278], Nakabo 2002:1021 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Liao et al. 2004:531 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:454 [ref. 28239], Motomura et al. 2010:176 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:739 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:81 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:14 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:243 [ref. 36673], Randall 2022:281 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus festivus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Madagascar, Mascarenes (Mauritius) and Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory) east to Marshall Islands and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

filholi, Pseudoscarus Sauvage [H.-E.] 1880:225 [15] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 3888] Fiji Islands. Syntypes: MNHN A-1762 to A-1763 (6). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:300 [ref. 20736]. On p. 15 of separate. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

flavipectoralis, Scarus Schultz [L. P.] 1958:52, Pl. 9 (fig. D) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 214; ref. 3970] Pagapas Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 112217. •Valid as Scarus flavipectoralis Schultz 1958 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:204 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:347 [ref. 15987], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:318 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:347 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:378 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3483 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:162 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:454 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1430 [ref. 29090], Westneat et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29298], Allen & Erdmann 2012:739 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:141 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:243 [ref. 36673], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:11 [ref. 40448]). Current status: Valid as Scarus flavipectoralis Schultz 1958. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Caroline Islands (Micronesia) and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

flavipinnis, Pseudoscarus De Vis [C. W.] 1885:886 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Cape York, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.83. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

flavolineatus, Pseudoscarus Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:346, Pl. 16 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Cape Grenville, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.16373-001 [ex MAMU F881] (3). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:208 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:217 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1433 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

flavomaculatus, Psendoscarus Bliss [R.] 1883:57 [Transactions of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius (N. S.) v. 13; ref. 16966] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: MCZ 6129. Paratypes: USNM 153567 [ex MCZ 6129] (1). The original genus is correctly Pseudoscarus. •Synonym of Scarus scaber Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:31 [ref. 5412], Fricke 1999:461 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus scaber Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

flavomarginatus, Pseudoscarus Kner [R.] 1865:262, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Reise der öesterreichischen Fregatte "Novara" v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 18427] Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: NMW 72867 (2). Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Scarus by Scarus flavomarginatus Valenciennes 1840. •Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:24 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:213 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:284 [ref. 39936]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

flavomarginatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:202 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Martinique Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1746. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:294 [ref. 20736]. Originally as flavo-marginatus. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

formosus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:283 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Hawaiian Islands. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0585 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:294 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus dubius Bennett 1828 -- (Randall et al. 1990:355 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:461 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:452 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus dubius Bennett 1828. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

forskalii, Pseudoscarus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:566 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea; Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: BMNH 1871.7.15.4 (4), SMNS 12139 [ex SMNS 914b] (2), ZIN 2621 (1), ZMB 7868 (1) Kosseir. Type catalog: Fricke 1992:17 [ref. 20296], Fricke 2005:56 [ref. 29864] •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:216 [ref. 29757], Randall et al. 1990:352 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:133 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

forsteni, Pseudoscarus Bleeker [P.] 1861:238 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 12; ref. 381] Sulawesi, Indonesia; Molucca Islands, Indonesia. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:33 [ref. 5412]). •Valid as Scarus forsteni (Bleeker 1861) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:204 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:348 [ref. 15987], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:140 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:318 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:348 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Randall 1999:23 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1022 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:378 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3483 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1022 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:51 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:75 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:531 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:455 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:176 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:740 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:268 [ref. 32706], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:81 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:243 [ref. 36673], Dewa et al. 2022:24 [ref. 40001]). Current status: Valid as Scarus forsteni (Bleeker 1861). Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean); eastern Indonesia east to Caroline Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

forsteri, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:275 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Tahiti, Society Islands. Neotype: USNM 202607. Neotype designated by Schultz 1969:17 [ref. 7843]. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Ormond 1978:242 [ref. 21371], Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:216 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Randall 1995:300 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:459 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

fowleri, Xanothon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:5, Pl. 42 (fig. G) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] East Africa. Possible holotype: BMNH 1860.11.9.98 (1). See Goren & Dor 1994:57 [ref. 25356]. New name for Xanothon frenatus Lacepède. •Mention -- (Dor 1984:218 [ref. 17376]). •Synonym of Scarus russellii Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:29 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:287 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus russelii Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

frenatus, Scarus Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Commerson) 1802:3, 13, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Grand Océan équinoxial [Indo-West Pacific]. No types known. Based on description and illustration in manuscript by Commerson (Philibert Commerson, 1727-1773, French explorer and naturalist). •Valid as Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:17 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Choat & Randall 1986:204 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:122 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:58 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:348 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:297 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:198 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:316 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:348 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:457 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:23 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1022 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:379 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3484 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1022 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:162 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Liao et al. 2004:532 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:455 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:91 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:235 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:177 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:740 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:268 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:141 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:165 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:244 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:159 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:91 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:530 [ref. 37272], Randall 2022:281 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:223 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:311 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Line Islands (Kiribati) and Ducie (Pitcairn Group), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

frontalis, Pseudoscarus Macleay [W.] 1883:590 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4); ref. 17586] Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Holotype (unique): AMS I.16374-001 [ex MAMU F901]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:208 [ref. 19518]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Scarus by Scarus frontalis Valenciennes 1840. •Synonym of Scarus gibbus Rüppell 1828 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:22 [ref. 5412]). •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

fumifrons, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:326, Pl. 34 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Pago Pago, American Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51745. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8662 (2), USNM 61170 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291]. Fowler and Bean (1928:428) record an inland record from the Philippines; needs conformation according to Kottelat 2013. •Synonym of Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker 1859 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:203 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Kottelat 2013:382 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker 1859. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

fuscocaudalis, Scarus Randall [J. E.] & Myers [R. F.] 2000:223, Pl. 1 A-E [Micronesica v. 32 (no. 2); ref. 25047] Mariana Islands, Guam, western Pacific, 1/4 mile north of Tanguison Power Plant, 13°33'N, 144°48'E, near cables, depth 20 meters. Holotype: BPBM 31331. Paratypes: BPBM 22257 (1), CAS 205597 (1), USNM 353675 (1). •Valid as Scarus fuscocaudalis Randall & Myers 2000 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Kishimoto et al. 2002:2 [ref. 26569], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2005:127 [ref. 28745], Motomura et al. 2010:177 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:741 [ref. 31980], Moore et al. 2020:110 [ref. 37357], Dewa et al. 2022:24 [ref. 40001]). Current status: Valid as Scarus fuscocaudalis Randall & Myers 2000. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia, Timor Sea and Philippines east to Guam, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Kimberley (Western Australia). Habitat: marine.

fuscocuneus, Callyodon Fowler [H. W.] 1935:158, Fig. 128 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87; ref. 13881] Bangkok, Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 62771. Paratypes: ANSP 62772 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:150 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

fuscopurpureus, Pseudoscarus forskalii var. Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:567 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Lectotype: BMNH 1871.7.15.13. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1871.7.15.13 (1), SMF 1244 (1), NMW no number (1), ZIN 2566 (1), ZMB 7869 (1). Lectotype established by Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. •Valid as Scarus fuscopurpureus (Klunzinger 1871) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:18 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Randall et al. 1994:234 [ref. 21645], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:297 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:201 [ref. 23922], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:99 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:91 [ref. 36871], Randall 2022:282 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:224 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:311 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus fuscopurpureus (Klunzinger 1871). Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf. Habitat: marine.

fuscus, Pseudoscarus De Vis [C. W.] 1885:887 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.157. •Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:210 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

galena, Scarus Jordan [E. K.] 1925:32 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 66 (no. 2570); ref. 2544] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 87418. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8781 (1), 8784 (1), 23374 (2); USNM 151558 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

garretti, Pseudoscarus Günther [A.] 1909:306, Pl. 153 (fig. C) [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 6 (no. 16); ref. 14377] Kingsmill Islands [= Gilbert Islands]. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ghardaqensis, Scarus Bebars [M. I.] 1978:78, Fig. 2 [Cybium 3e série. Bulletin de la Société Française d'Ichtyologie No. 3; ref. 8960] Hurghada, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1975-0892. Spelled ghardaquensis in main heading, ghardaqensis in title (and index to volume) and twice on p. 80, Ghardaq ensis in legend to Fig. 2 and on p. 80; the spelling ghardaqensis was selected by Eschmeyer 1998:640 [ref. 23416]. •Synonym of Scarus collana Rüppell 1835 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:13 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus collana Rüppell 1835. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ghobban, Scarus Fabricius [J. C.] (ex Forsskål) in Niebuhr 1775:28, x [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. No types known. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:50 [ref. 30182]. Spelled ghoban by Walbaum 1792:687 [ref. 4572]. •Valid as Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:20 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:215 [ref. 29757], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:219 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:712 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:122 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:58 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:349 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:311 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:211 [ref. 22193], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Bellwood in Fischer et al. 1995:1424 [ref. 22830], Randall 1995:298 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:491 [ref. 27969], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:506 [ref. 24023], Allen 1997:198 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:201 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:140 [ref. 26476], Randall et al. 1997:349 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:457 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:745 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:23 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1024 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:379 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:220 [ref. 25480], Thomson et al. 2000:189 [ref. 25640], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Bellwood 2001:3484 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1024 [ref. 26193], Goren & Aronov 2002:239 [ref. 26560], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:162 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:75 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Liao et al. 2004:532 [ref. 28045], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:361 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:51 [ref. 37112], Love et al. 2005:138 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:456 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:91 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:236 [ref. 30463], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:177 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:741 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:268 [ref. 32706], González-Cuéllar et al. 2013:224 [ref. 32961], Larson et al. 2013:167 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:178 [ref. 34464], Fricke et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33932], Filiz & Sevingel 2014:281 [ref. 34101], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:117 [ref. 36167], Francis & Duffy 2015:483 [ref. 36161], Psomadakis et al. 2015:299 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2015:27 [ref. 34709], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:14 [ref. 35354], Motomura et al. 2017:187 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:336 [ref. 36183], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[21] 259 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:238 [ref. 36460], Arndt & Fricke 2019:28 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:99 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:244 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:159 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36871], Bariche & Fricke 2020:137 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 19 [ref. 38321], Habib et al. 2020:34 [ref. 37962], Psomadakis et al. 2020:530 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:314 [ref. 38802], Golani 2021:68 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:74 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:177 [ref. 39279], Wada et al. 2021:46 [ref. 38521], Akyol & Ünal in Tiralongo et al. 2022:740 [ref. 39557], Randall 2022:282 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:225 [ref. 40522], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40981]). •Valid as Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775 -- (Fricke 2008:50 [ref. 30182], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:165 [ref. 40104], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:11 [ref. 40448], Zajonz et al. 2023:314 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes(La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Amami Islands (southern Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), northern New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and Rapa (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). Habitat: marine.

gilberti, Scarus Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:59, Fig. 17 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: CAS-SU 6140. Paratypes: CAS-SU 23292 [ex CAS-SU 6140] (4); USNM 52682 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

globiceps, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:242 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Tahiti, Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1732. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:294 [ref. 20736]. •Valid as Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:23 [ref. 5412], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:713 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:210 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:124 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:350 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:123 [ref. 20996], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:491 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:200 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:365 [ref. 23967], Randall et al. 1997:350 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:211 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:458 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1022 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:380 [ref. 25191], Bellwood 2001:3485 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1022 [ref. 26193], Kishimoto et al. 2002:4 [ref. 26569], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:163 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:75 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Liao et al. 2004:532 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:455 [ref. 28239], Randall 2005:456 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:91 [ref. 30213], Allen & Erdmann 2012:742 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:167 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805], Fukui in Kimura et al. 2018:238 [ref. 36460], Fricke et al. 2019:244 [ref. 36673], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:11 [ref. 40448], Randall 2022:283 [ref. 39936], Noushad K. et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa (Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Atoll, Line Islands (Kiribati) and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

gnathodus, Pseudoscarus Poey [F.] 1867:240 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 14078] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 14578 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:212 [ref. 22926]. Genus originally misspelled Psendoscarus. •Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:300 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

godeffroyi, Pseudoscarus Günther [A.] 1909:326, Pl. 159 [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 6 (no. 16); ref. 14377] Society Islands. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:213 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

gracilis, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1869:126 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 6 (no. 16) (for 17 June 1869); ref. 20469] China. Syntypes: (several) ?NMW 72900 (1). Species later described in more detail in Steindachner 1869:138 [p. 19 of separate] [ref. 4216]. •Valid as Scarus gracilis (Steindachner 1869) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Valid as Scarus gracilis (Steindachner 1869). Labridae. Distribution: China. Habitat: marine.

guacamaia, Scarus Cuvier [G.] (ex Parra) 1829:265 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Havana, Cuba. Cuvier & Valenciennes specimens: MNHN B-2038 (1) St. Thomas, Antilles. Type information: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:294 [ref. 20736] but for Valenciennes 1839 [MNHN B.2038 from St. Tomas]. Available from footnote as, "le Grand scare à machoirees bleues, Sc, guacamaia, Nob. Parra, XXVI" [Parra, 1787:54, Pl. 26 [ref. 6840] 'Guacamaya']. Also in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1839:178 [ref. 4882]. •Valid as Scarus guacamaia Cuvier 1829 -- (Herrera 1896:58 [ref. 39336], Robins & Ray 1986:209 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:393 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:36 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Moura et al. 2001:518 [ref. 25371], Westneat 2003:1731 [ref. 27105], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:93 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:535 [ref. 28815], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147, 151 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:213 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Scarus guacamaia Cuvier 1829. Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Florida (U.S.A.) south to Espírito anto (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

guttatus, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Sonnerat) 1801:294 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Indian Seas. On description by Sonnerat 1774, v. 3:227, Pl. 2. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:20 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:215 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:282 [ref. 39936]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

hadji, Callyodon Seale [A.] 1910:525 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 5367 (apparently destroyed). Paratypes: BSMP 5494 (1) apparently destroyed. •Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

haridoides, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1855:344 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 349] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia; Duizend Islands. Appeared as "Scarus haridoïdes Blkr (Scarus harid Blkr. nec. Forsk.)" in list of fishes from Duizendeilanden. Bleeker identified specimens as Scarus harid Forsskål in 1845:513 [ref. 312], 1847:48 [ref. 317] and subsequent works; the name haridoides is regarded as available. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

heliotropinus, Scarus Bryan [W. A.] 1906:23 [277], Fig. 3 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 15141] Honolulu market, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 3363. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099] as heliotropus, Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:454 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

hertit, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:215 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea; Suez, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea; Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. •Questionably a synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Dor 1984:216 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:133 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

hildebrandi, Scarus Kanazawa [R. H.] 1952:203 [Copeia 1952 (no. 3); ref. 18370] Replacement name for Scarus dubius Hildebrand 1946, preoccupied by Scarus dubius Bennett 1828; Objectively invalid. •Synonym of Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

hoefleri, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1881:159 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 18 (no. 16) (for 23 June 1881); ref. 20482] Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: NMW 77847 (1), 77853 (1). Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1881:46 [p. 30 of separate], Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [ref. 13333]. •Valid as Scarus hoefleri (Steindachner 1881) -- (Randall 1990:884 [ref. 19149], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Afonso et al. 1999:78 [ref. 25466], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Wirtz et al. 2007:38 [ref. 30263], Rocha et al. 2012:61 [ref. 31733], Wirtz et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32972], Wirtz et al. 2014:9 [ref. 33516] needs checking, Westneat in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2737 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:240 [ref. 38139], Baptista et al. 2021:[6] [ref. 38204], Fermon et al. 2022:290 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Scarus hoefleri (Steindachner 1881). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to central Angola, including Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

holocyaneos, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:45, 141 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:88 [ref. 20898]. •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Bloch 1786) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

hornbosteli, Callyodon Fowler [H. W.] 1925:16 [Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum No. 22; ref. 15538] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): BPBM 3410. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

hypselopterus, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1853:496 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 336] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique) (?): BMNH 1864.5.15.27. •Valid as Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker 1853 -- (Myers 1999:211 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1024 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3485 [ref. 26278], Nakabo 2002:1024 [ref. 26193], Kishimoto et al. 2002:4 [ref. 26569], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Westneat et al. 2007:67 [ref. 29298], Motomura et al. 2010:177 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:742 [ref. 31980]). Current status: Valid as Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker 1853. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, Philippines, Palau and north to Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands. Habitat: marine.

improvisus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:12, Pl. 41 (fig. E) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Mahé, Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 86. Paratypes: not researched. •Synonym of Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair 1868) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:15 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:279 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair 1868). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

insulaesanctaecrucis, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:285 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] St. Croix Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. Originally as Insulae St. Crucis, correction to insulaesanctacrucis is mandatory; regarded as a species and not species insulae and subspecies sanctaecrucis. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

iseri, Callyodon Bloch [M. E.] 1789:245 [Abhandlungen der Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften v. 4 (for 1788); ref. 467] St. Croix Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. Syntypes: ZMB 2693 (2, poor condition) coast of America, 33026 (1, left skin) no locality. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:126 [ref. 24282]. Regarded by Randall & Nelson 1979:211 [ref. 19975] as an inadvertent error for iserti; Bloch spelled the name as iseri three times in Latinized form, so one could argue that there was no inadvertent error. Later named Scarus croicensis by Bloch 1790. Objective senior synonym of Scarus croicensis (Randall & Nelson 1979:211 [ref. 19975], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]), but some current authors use the name croicensis as the valid one for this species. •Valid as Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116] as iserti, Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013] as iserti, Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754] as iserti, Moura et al. 2001:509 [ref. 25371] as iserti, Westneat 2003:1732 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621] as iserti, Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:536 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:81 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585]). Current status: Valid as Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

iserti, Callyodon Bloch [M. E.] 1789:245 [Abhandlungen der Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften v. 4 (for 1788); ref. 467] Name does not agree with original spelling; regarded by some as the intended spelling. •See Callyodon iseri Bloch 1789. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae.

ismailius, Pseudoscarus Kossmann [R.] & Räuber [H.] 1877:410 [Verhandlungen des Naturhistorisch-Medizinischen Vereins zu Heidelberg. v. 1; ref. 18432] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): apparently lost. Originally as ismaïlius. Also appeared in Kossmann & Räuber 1877:27 [ref. 14246]. •Synonym of Scarus collana Rüppell 1835 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:13 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:213 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:279 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus collana Rüppell 1835. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

janthochir, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1853:139 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 16899] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) ?ZMB 2705 (dry). •Valid as Scarus janthochir Bleeker 1853 -- (Chen et al. 1997:141 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:26 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

javanicus, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1854:198 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 342] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1864.5.15.21 (1). •Valid as Scarus javanicus Bleeker 1854 -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Senou & Shimada 1991:4 [ref. 24600], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:492 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:141 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker 1853 -- (Senou & Shimada 1991:4 [ref. 24600], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker 1853. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

jenkinsi, Scarus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:195 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50647. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

jordani, Pseudoscarus Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:63, Fig. 21 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 12143. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:354 [ref. 15987], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:460 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:454 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:365 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

kelloggii, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:327, Fig. 62 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51746. •Synonym of Scarus spinus (Kner 1868) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:222 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus spinus (Kner 1868). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

knerii, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1887:231 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 24 (no. 19) (for 21 July 1887); ref. 18911] Auckland, New Zealand. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1887:64 [p. 9 of separate] Pl. 4 (figs. 1-1a) [ref. 4235]. •Synonym of Scarus oviceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus oviceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

koputea, Scarus Randall [J. E.] & Choat [J. H.] 1980:409, Figs. 29-31 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 70 (no. 4); ref. 5543] Northeast of Matahumu Point, Fatu Hiva, Marquesas Islands, southern Pacific, depth 12.5 meters. Holotype: BPBM 11756. Paratypes: AMNH 39105 (1); BPBM 10338 (1), 11068 (4), 11673 (2), 11694 (1), 12480 (2), 12821 (2); CAS 44580 (1); MNHN 1966-0024 (1); USNM 175272-73 (1, 1). •Valid as Scarus koputea Randall & Choat 1980 -- (Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Randall & Earle 2000:18 [ref. 25806], Bellwood 2001:3486 [ref. 26278], Randall 2005:457 [ref. 28239], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Scarus koputea Randall & Choat 1980. Labridae. Distribution: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

labiosus, Pseudoscarus Macleay [W.] 1883:591 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4); ref. 17586] Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Holotype (unique): AMS I.16376-001 [ex MAMU F983]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:208 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lacerta, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:217 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0578 (1), 0000-1742 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:294-295 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:20 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

latifasciatus, Callyodon Seale [A.] & Bean [B. A.] 1907:237, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1568); ref. 4002] Zamboanga, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 57845. Paratypes: USNM 61152 (1). •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:33 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lauia, Scarus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:196 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Hilo, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50648. Paratypes: FMNH 3964 (1), CAS [ex IU 9811] (1, not found), CAS-SU 12938 [ex CAS-SU 7464] (1), USNM 52813 [ex USFC 2716] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:78 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Scarus dubius Bennett 1828 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:363 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus dubius Bennett 1828. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

laxtoni, Callyodon Whitley [G. P.] 1948:94 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 4710] Ocean Island, Australia. Holotype: AMS IB.1888. •Questionably a synonym of Scarus forsteni (Bleeker 1861) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:204 [ref. 8099]). •Synonym of Scarus forsteni (Bleeker 1861) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus forsteni (Bleeker 1861). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lazulinus, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:333, Fig. 65 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51758. Paratypes: BMNH 1923.2.26.227-229 (3); CAS-SU 8666 (6); USNM 51826 (1), 51832 (1), 51837 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus oviceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:214 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus oviceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lepidus, Scarus Jenyns [L.] 1842:108 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Tahiti, Society Islands. Holotype: BMNH 1917.7.14.47. •Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:23 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:210 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:455 [ref. 28239], Randall 2005:456 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

limbatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:271 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Macao. Holotype: MNHN 0000-2472 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1961:259 [ref. 20737]. Based on a drawing and on a specimen from Macao. •Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:24 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:213 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lineatus, Calliodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:312, Pl. 62 (fig. 2) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality. Plate regarded as mislabeled Callyodon striatus. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lineolabiatus, Callyodon Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1928:457, Pl. 47 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 7; ref. 1475] Butauanan Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): USNM 89976 (not found in 1980). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:150 [ref. 13621] with ANSP 101792 as holotype, not USNM 89976. •Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:24 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:213 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lineolatus, Pseudoscarus Poey [F.] 1867:239 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 14078] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 31448 (1), 14565 (1). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:212 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

longipinnis, Scarus Randall [J. E.] & Choat [J. H.] 1980:414, Figs. 32-33 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 70 (no. 4); ref. 5543] West side off Christian's Point, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific, depth 18 meters. Holotype: BPBM 16680. Paratypes: AMNH 39106 (1); AMS I.21379-001 to -003 (1, 1, 1); BMNH 1979.12.11.1 (1); BPBM 13043 (1), 14381 (1), 16648 (1), 16656 (1), 16763 (1), 16773 (1), 17195 (1); CAS 44581 (1); USNM 220884 (1). •Valid as Scarus longipinnis Randall & Choat 1980 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:211 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:350 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:350 [ref. 25919], Randall 1999:24 [ref. 25829], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:380 [ref. 25191], Randall & Myers 2000:227 [ref. 25047], Bellwood 2001:3486 [ref. 26278], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:457 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1432 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Valid as Scarus longipinnis Randall & Choat 1980. Labridae. Distribution: Southern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

loro, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:288 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] South America. •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Bloch 1786) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lunula, Callyodon Snyder [J. O.] 1908:99 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 35 (no. 1635); ref. 4150] Naha market, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Holotype (unique): USNM 62236. Type figured in Snyder 1912:509, pl. 66 (fig. 2) [ref. 14871]. •Synonym of Scarus festivus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:454 [ref. 28239], Randall 2022:281 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus festivus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

lunulatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:268 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Scarus lunulatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Dor 1984:217 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:57 [ref. 25356]). •Unidentifiable species -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

macleayi, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:331 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Replacement name for Pseudoscarus frontalis Macleay 1883, secondarily preoccupied in Scarus by Scarus frontalis Valenciennes 1840. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

maculiceps, Pseudoscarus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1876:443 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 18495] Mauritius [Île aux Fouquets, 8 kilometers east of Mahébourg], Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): ? not ZMB 8734 (dry) [? ZMB 9346, lost]. Type locality see Möbius 1880 [ref. 30489]. •Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Fricke 1999:458 [ref. 24106] with holotype as ZMB 9346). •Unidentifiable species -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

maculipinna, Scarus Westneat [M. W.], Satapoomin [U.] & Randall [J. E.] 2007:60, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa No. 1628; ref. 29298] Northeastern coast of Similan Island, 8°39'25"N, 97°39'30"E, Similan Islands, Thailand, Indian Ocean, depth 12-15 meters. Holotype: PMBC 20408. Paratypes: AMS I.43250 (2); BPBM 37666 (2 not 1); FMNH 117284 (4), 117285 (2); PMBC 20409 (2); USNM 37624 (1). •Valid as Scarus maculipinna Westneat, Satapoomin & Randall 2007 -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:38 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:743 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2020:531 [ref. 37272]). Current status: Valid as Scarus maculipinna Westneat, Satapoomin & Randall 2007. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Andaman Islands, Myanmar, western Thailand and Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

maculosus, Scarus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:5, 21, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2478. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:295 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:20 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Fricke 1999:457 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:282 [ref. 39936]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

madagascariensis, Pseudoscarus Steindachner [F.] 1887:230 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 24 (no. 19) (for 21 July 1887); ref. 18911] Madagascar. Syntypes: (3) NMW 22792 (1). Type catalog: Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805]. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1887:61 [p. 6 of separate] Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [ref. 4235]. •Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:24 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:216 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:213 [ref. 8099], Randall 1995:299 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:284 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

magrathii, Scarus Bennett [J. W.] 1841:Unnum. p., Pl. 28 [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon Third Edition; ref. 21457] South coast of Sri Lanka. No types known. Same as Scarus pepo Bennett 1830: Pl. 28 of First Edition; objective synonym of Scarus pepo Bennett 1830. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 1994:43 [ref. 21456] as magrathi, Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

makaravar, Scarus Montrouzier [X.] 1857:475 [197] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 197 of reprint. •Questionably a synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

malindiensis, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:13, Pl. 45 (fig. H) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Malindi, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 75. Paratypes: (1) not researched. •Synonym of Scarus viridifucatus (Smith 1956) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:34 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:300 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:289 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus viridifucatus (Smith 1956). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

maoricus, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:328, Pl. 48 (fig. 3) [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Pago Pago, American Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51747. Paratypes: CAS-SU 12963 (1), USNM 51833 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:24 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:213 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

margarita, Callyodon Fowler [H. W.] 1917:133, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 69; ref. 15092] Colón, (Atlantic) Panama. Holotype (unique): ANSP 46960. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:151 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

marshalli, Scarus Schultz [L. P.] 1958:88, Fig. 24 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 214; ref. 3970] Mersa Sheikh Sa'ad, Red Sea. Holotype: BMNH 1955.11.4.5. Paratypes: BMNH 1955.11.4.6 (1), USNM 163817 [ex BMNH 1955.11.4.6] (1). •Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Ormond 1978:245 [ref. 21371], Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

micrognathos, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:164 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. No types known. Also in Bleeker 1847:56 [ref. 317]. •Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

microps, Callyodon Osburn [R. C.] & Nichols [J. T.] 1916:170, Fig. 12 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 35 (art. 16); ref. 15062] Santa Catalina Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 87548 [ex AMNH 5212]. •Synonym of Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

moensi, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1860:54 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 7); ref. 379] Badjoa, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6669. •Synonym of Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker 1853 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker 1853. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

moresbyensis, Pseudoscarus Macleay [W.] 1883:591 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4); ref. 17586] Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Syntypes: AMS I.16377-001 [ex MAMU F883] (2). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:208 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

mus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:13, Pl. 41 (fig. B) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Shimoni, Kenya, western Indian Ocean Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 78. •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:33 [ref. 5412], Randall 1986:714 [ref. 5706], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:288 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

mutabilis, Callyodon Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:86 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.87 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:228 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Valid as Callyodon mutabilis Gronow 1854 -- (Wheeler 1958:228 [ref. 13434]). •Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:286 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

natalensis, Pseudoscarus Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1909:259 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 6 (pt 3, no. 5); ref. 1650] KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAM 10223. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Randall 1986:712 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:283 [ref. 39936]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

niger, Scarus Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:28, x [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [No locality stated] Red Sea. Holotype (unique): ZMUC P5951 (dry skin). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:70 [ref. 9588] , Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182]. Holotype figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 3 [ref. 20847]. •Valid as Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:24 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:216 [ref. 29757], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:713 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:213 [ref. 8099], Winterbottom et al. 1989:58 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:351 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:166 [ref. 25479], Francis & Randall 1993:123 [ref. 20996], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:57 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:299 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:351 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:211 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:459 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:92 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1026 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:381 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Bellwood 2001:3487 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1026 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:163 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:532 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:458 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1432 [ref. 29090], Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182], Satapoomin 2009:236 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:177 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:743 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:268 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:81 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:188 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:133 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:245 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:531 [ref. 37272], Randall 2022:284 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:226 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:314 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Amirantes (Seychelles), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

nigrescens, Scarus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1928:743, Pl. 72 (fig. 2) [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 249); ref. 2964] Porto Bello, (Atlantic) Panama. Holotype (unique): USNM 81764. •Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

noyesi, Scarus Heller [E.] & Snodgrass [R. E.] 1903:206, Pl. 9 [Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 5; ref. 2089] Tagus Cove, Isabela Island [Albemarle Island], Galápagos Islands. Holotype: CAS-SU 12332. Paratypes: CAS-SU 12273-78 (orig. 6, now 3), USNM 50084 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

nuchalis, Scarus Poey [F.] 1860:220 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes and/or Poey specimens: ZMB 5955 (1). •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Bloch 1786) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

nuchipunctatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:224 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Indian seas. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2470. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1961:259 [ref. 20737]. •Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:24 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:213 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:284 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

nudirostris, Pseudoscarus Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:346, Pl. 17 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Cape Grenville, Queensland, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.16378-001 [ex MAMU F880]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:208 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

obishime, Scarus Randall [J. E.] & Earle [J. L.] 1993:288, Figs. 1-2 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 39 (no. 4); ref. 14908] Off West Beach, Tatsumi-wan, eastern coast of Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, depth 15 meters. Holotype: NSMT-P 35477. Paratypes: BPBM 35075 (1), 35099 [not 35093] (1); NSMT-P 35478 (1); USNM 323664 (1). •Valid as Scarus obishime Randall & Earle 1993 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:1020 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1020 [ref. 26193]). Current status: Valid as Scarus obishime Randall & Earle 1993. Labridae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

obtusus, Scarus Poey [F.] 1860:217 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Bloch 1786) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ogos, Callyodon Seale [A.] 1910:527 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Puerto Princesa, Palawan Island, Philippines. Holotype: BSMP 5414 (apparently destroyed). Paratypes: BSMP 5411 (1, apparently destroyed). •Synonym of Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker 1853 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker 1853. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

oktodon, Pseudocarus Bleeker [P.] 1861:235 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 12; ref. 381] Butung [Buton], Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 2154. Original genus should have been Pseudoscarus. •Questionably a synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Uncertain as Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

oviceps, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:244 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Tahiti, Society Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0561. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:295 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus scaber Valenciennes 1840 -- (Dor 1984:217 [ref. 29757]). •Valid as Scarus oviceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:219 [ref. 6441], Choat & Randall 1986:214 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:124 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:352 [ref. 15987], Bellwood 1994:67 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:493 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:200 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:141 [ref. 26476], Randall et al. 1997:352 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:211 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:92 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1023 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:381 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3487 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1023 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:163 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:75 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:532 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:458 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1432 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:744 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:245 [ref. 36673], Kim et al. 2020:151 [ref. 39118]). Current status: Valid as Scarus oviceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean); central Indonesia east to Marshall, Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), southern Korea and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Habitat: marine.

ovifrons, Scarus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:173, Pl. 88 [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Tokyo Bay, southwestern coast of Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D1256 (dry). Paralectotypes: RMNH uncat. (1, skeleton), D1255 (1, dry), D2229 (1, dry); ZMB 2698 (1, dry). Type catalog: Paepke 2001:331 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:142 [ref. 12876], see also p. 229. •Valid as Scarus ovifrons Temminck & Schlegel 1846 -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:221 [ref. 6441], Randall & Earle 1993:292 [ref. 14908], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116] with question, Lee & Kim 1996:43 [ref. 25726], Chen et al. 1997:142 [ref. 26476], Randall & Anderson 1997:162 [ref. 23281], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:1020 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:221 [ref. 25480], Nakabo 2002:1020 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:374, 639 [ref. 26218], Liao et al. 2004:532 [ref. 28045], Motomura et al. 2010:177 [ref. 31256], Sonoyama et al. 2020:88 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Scarus ovifrons Temminck & Schlegel 1846. Labridae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Japan and Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

paluca, Scarus Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:60, Fig. 18 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 6141. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88-89 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:454 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:365 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

papuensis, Pseudoscarus Macleay [W.] 1883:590 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4); ref. 17586] New Guinea. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Questionably a synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

parvidens, Xanothon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:7, Pl. 45 (fig. E) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Bazaruto Island, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 72. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI], not researched. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Randall 1986:713 [ref. 5706], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

pectoralis, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:269 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, No types known. •Synonym of Scarus scaber Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:31 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:217 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Golani & Fricke 2018:133 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:288 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus scaber Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

pentazona, Pseudoscarus Bleeker [P.] 1861:241 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 12; ref. 381] Sulawesi, Indonesia. Possible type: BMNH 1864.5.15.22 (1). •Synonym of Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker 1861) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:220 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:461 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker 1861). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

pepo, Scarus Bennett [J. W.] 1830:unnum. p., Pl. 28 [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka. No types known. As Scarus magrathi in 1841 edition. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:20 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Pethiyagoda et al. 1994:43 [ref. 21456], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

perrico, Scarus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:357 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 237); ref. 2470] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 28328. •Valid as Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:211 [ref. 22193], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Bellwood in Fischer et al. 1995:1425 [ref. 22830], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:507 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:329 [ref. 24555], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Thomson et al. 2000:187 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:138 [ref. 37547], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957] dated 1881, Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], González-Cuéllar et al. 2013:224 [ref. 32961], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Love et al. 2021:178 [ref. 39279], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:284 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Scarus perrico Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Malpelo island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

persicus, Scarus Randall [J. E.] & Bruce [R. W.] 1983:(5) 25, Pl. 6 (figs. G-H) [Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology No. 47; ref. 5412] Bahrain fish market, Persian Gulf. Holotype: BPBM 26399. Paratypes: BPBM 21262 (1), SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 491 (1), USNM 224474 (1). •Valid as Scarus persicus Randall & Bruce 1983 -- (Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Randall 1995:299 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:202 [ref. 23922], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Eagderi et al. 2019:100 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36871] as cf. persicus, Randall 2022:284 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2023:322 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus persicus Randall & Bruce 1983. Labridae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: southern Oman to Persian Gulf, including Socotra (Yemen). Habitat: marine.

pindae, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:11, Pl. 45 (fig. I) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Pinda, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 73. •Synonym of Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair 1868) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:15 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:279 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus falcipinnis (Playfair 1868). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

pleianus, Scarus Poey [F.] 1861:393 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] St. Thomas Island, Virgin Islands, West Indies. New name for Scarus guacamaia Valenciennes 1839:132 (178) [ref. 4882], but species guacamaia dates to Cuvier 1829. •Synonym of Scarus guacamaia Cuvier 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus guacamaia Cuvier 1829. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

plumbeus, Pseudoscarus Bean [T. H.] 1912:125 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 25; ref. 232] North shore, Bermuda. Syntypes: Mus. of Bermuda Nat. Hist. Soc. (2). •Synonym of Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

prasiognathos, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:272 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] New Ireland Island, Bismarck Archipelago. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0569. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:295-296 [ref. 20736] plus correction of counts. •Valid as Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:26 [ref. 5412], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:219 [ref. 6441], Allen & Swainston 1988:124 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:345 [ref. 15987], Senou & Morita 1993:6 [ref. 24328], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Randall 1995:296 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:494 [ref. 27969] as prasiognathus, Allen 1997:200 [ref. 23977] as prasiognathus, Myers 1999:211 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:92 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1025 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:222 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3488 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1025 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:164 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:452 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1432 [ref. 29090], Satapoomin 2009:236 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:744 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2019:245 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:159 [ref. 36626], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives east to Palau and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia). Habitat: marine.

pronus, Scarus Fowler [H. W.] 1900:490, Pl. 18 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51 (for 1899); ref. 13303] Caroline Island [wrongly given as Caroline Islands], Southern Line Islands, Kiribati. Holotype: ANSP 23291 (dry). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:151 [ref. 13621]. Type locality corrected in Fowler 1901:324 [ref. 21248]. •Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:23 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:210 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

psittacus, Scarus Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:29, x [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Neotype: USNM 201805. Type catalog: Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182]. Neotype designated by Schultz 1969:7 [ref. 7843]; Randall & Ormond 1978:241 [ref. 21371] disagreed with Schultz' identification, and they designated a BPBM specimen (19789) as neotype. Subsequent neotype designations have no validity, such that the case would need to be submitted to the ICZN to set aside Schultz' designation if it were important nomenclaturally. •Valid as Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:216 [ref. 29757], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:713 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:124 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:58 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:352 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:166 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:57 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:300 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:200 [ref. 23977], Carpenter et al. 1997:202 [ref. 23922], Randall et al. 1997:352 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:211 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:459 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:92 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1017 [ref. 25182], Randall & Earle 2000:18 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3488 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1017 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:637 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:75 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:459 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1432 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:364 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:51 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:91 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:745 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:81 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:133 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:28 [ref. 36883], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:166 [ref. 40104], Eagderi et al. 2019:100 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:245 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:159 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 20 [ref. 38321], Akaike et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38809], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:227 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:322 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, East Africa, Persian Gulf, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Capricorn Group (Queensland, Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

punctulatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:195 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Martinique Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2466 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:296 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:299 [ref. 25013] as iserti, Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus iseri (Bloch 1789). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

pyrrostethus, Scarus Richardson [J.] 1846:262 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2004.11.5.4 (stuffed). Type information: Whitehead 1970:216 [ref. 11606]. Based on a specimen and a Reeves drawing. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:215 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:456 [ref. 28239] but may be valid, Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

quoyi, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:273 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Carteret Harbour, Lambom Island, near Cape Saint-George, southern New Ireland, Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0579 (1, primary specimen), A-9292 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:297 [ref. 20736] as holotype and paratype. Based on a description and painting in manuscript by Quoy & Gaimard, and underlying specimen(s). •Valid as Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Nelson 1979:210 [ref. 19975], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:494 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:520 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:211 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1022 [ref. 25182], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3489 [ref. 26278], Nakabo 2002:1022 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:164 [ref. 27510], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Allen et al. 2006:1433 [ref. 29090], Satapoomin 2009:237 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:745 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2017:188 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:245 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:531 [ref. 37272], Kadir in Motomura et al. 2021:58 [ref. 38121], Randall 2022:286 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus quoyi Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Maldives, India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar east to Palau, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

randalli, Scarus Schultz [L. P.] 1958:97, Pls. 19 c, 27 a; Fig. 20 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 214; ref. 3970] Ocean reef beyond surf, Onotoa Atoll, Gilbert Islands, depth 15 feet. Holotype: USNM 163388. Paratypes: (28) CAS 209098 (10), 209100 (1), USNM 114691 (2), 114695 (4), 163389 (3), 16390-95 (6). •Synonym of Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:17 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:206 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:455 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

reticulata, Scarus (Hemistoma) Swainson [W.] 1839:226, Fig. 77 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Bennett, Ceylon, Pl. 28 -- which is Bennett 1830: Pl. 28 [ref. 16785]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

rivulatoides, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:163 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Java, Indonesia. Also in Bleeker 1847:55 [ref. 317]. •Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

rivulatus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:223 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1738. Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:297 [ref. 20736]. •Valid as Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Choat & Randall 1986:217 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:124 [ref. 25477], Francis 1993:166 [ref. 25479], Francis & Randall 1993:123 [ref. 20996], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:494 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:200 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:316 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:353 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:212 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1023 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:381 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3489 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1023 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:164 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:459 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1433 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:746 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:167 [ref. 32988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:117 [ref. 36167], Motomura et al. 2017:188 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2019:246 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:159 [ref. 36626], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 20 [ref. 38321]). Current status: Valid as Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Sri Lanka east to Caroline Islands and New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia) and Kermadec Islands. Habitat: marine.

roseiventer, Scarus Fowler [H. W.] 1944:116, Pl. 16 (lower fig.) [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Courtown Key, Caribbean Sea. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70242. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:151 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

rostratus, Pseudoscarus Günther [A.] 1909:315, Pl. 154 [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 6 (no. 16); ref. 14377] Society Islands. Holotype (unique): not yet found. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

rostratus, Scarus Poey [F.] 1860:221 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. •Synonym of Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

ruberrimus, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:316, Fig. 56 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Pago Pago, American Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51749. •Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

rubrofasciatus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:10, Pl. 43 (fig. 1) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Shimoni, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 76. Paratypes: evidently none saved. Also described as new in Smith 1956:934, Pl. 24B [ref. 12527]. •Synonym of Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther 1862) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:12 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus caudofasciatus (Günther 1862). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

rubroviolaceus, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:162 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. No types known. Also in Bleeker 1847:52 [ref. 317]. •Valid as Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:28 [ref. 5412], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:221 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:713 [ref. 5706], Choat & Randall 1986:219 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:124 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:58 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:354 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:311 [ref. 23929], Randall 1994:268 [ref. 21644], Allen & Robertson 1994:212 [ref. 22193], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Bellwood in Fischer et al. 1995:1426 [ref. 22830], Randall 1995:300 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:495 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:200 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:508 [ref. 24023], Randall et al. 1997:354 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:212 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:460 [ref. 24106], Allen 2000:92 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1021 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:382 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:188 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:18 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3490 [ref. 26278] dated 1849, Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1021 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:638 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:75 [ref. 27576] dated 1849, Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:362 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:138 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:460 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:454 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1433 [ref. 29090], Randall 2007:365 [ref. 30952], Béarez & Séret 2009:150 [ref. 36646], Satapoomin 2009:237 [ref. 30463], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:178 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:68 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:746 [ref. 31980], González-Cuéllar et al. 2013:224 [ref. 32961], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:268 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:167 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988] dated 1849, Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:81 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:188 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:133 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:246 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:532 [ref. 37272], Love et al. 2021:178 [ref. 39279], Randall 2022:286 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:228 [ref. 40522], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40981], Zajonz et al. 2023:316 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Middleton Reef, New Caledonia and Tonga; eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Ecuador, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

russelii, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:234 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Vizagapatam, India. No types preserved. Based on the first Sahnee moya of Russell, 1803:14, Pl. 119 [ref. 13862]. Named for Russell (misspelled as Russel), here not considered as an inadvertent error, therefore spelling russelii retained. •Valid as Scarus russellii Valenciennes 1840 -- (Fricke 1999:460 [ref. 24106], Satapoomin 2009:238 [ref. 30463]). •Valid as Scarus russelii Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:29 [ref. 5412], Randall 1986:713 [ref. 5706], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Randall 1995:297 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Bellwood 2001:3472 [ref. 26278], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Caratini & Soriano 2011:67 [ref. 39915] as Russelli, Allen & Erdmann 2012:747 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:300 [ref. 35805], Psomadakis et al. 2020:532 [ref. 37272], Farhana-Azmi et al. 2022:11 [ref. 40448], Randall 2022:287 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus russelii Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Myanmar and western Sumatra (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

scaber, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:239 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-0588. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-1733 (1), B-2042 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:297-298 [ref. 20736]. Lectotype selected by Schultz 1958:92 [ref. 3970]. •Valid as Scarus scaber Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:31 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:217 [ref. 29757], Randall 1986:714 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:58 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:352 [ref. 15987], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Goren & Dor 1994:57 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:301 [ref. 22896], Myers 1999:210 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:461 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Bellwood 2001:3472 [ref. 26278], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Heemstra et al. 2004:3326 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:362 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:458 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1426 [ref. 29090] as not in Australia, Fricke et al. 2009:92 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:238 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:747 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:268 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2018:300 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:133 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:166 [ref. 40104], Zajonz et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36871] as cf. scaber, Randall 2022:288 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:229 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:318 [ref. 40679], Noushad K. et al. 2024:46 [ref. 40947]). Current status: Valid as Scarus scaber Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indian Ocean: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Gulf of Aden, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues), Maldives and Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory) east to Andaman Sea and Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

scabriusculus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:271 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2493 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:298 [ref. 20736], Bauchot & Daget 1996:244 [ref. 22899]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:20 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:215 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

schlegeli, Pseudoscarus Bleeker [P.] 1861:242 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 12; ref. 381] Sulawesi, Indonesia. •Valid as Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker 1861) -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Choat & Randall 1986:220 [ref. 8099], Allen & Swainston 1988:124 [ref. 25477], Randall et al. 1990:354 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:123 [ref. 20996], Francis 1993:166 [ref. 25479], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:496 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:200 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:318 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:354 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:212 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:92 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1017 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:382 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3490 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1017 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:638 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27715], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:461 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1433 [ref. 29090], Motomura et al. 2010:179 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:748 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:142 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:82 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:14 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2019:246 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:159 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker 1861). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Micronesia and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Capricorn Group (Queensland, Australia) and Lord Howe Island. Habitat: marine.

sexvittatus, Scarus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1835:26 [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 2698 (dry). •Synonym of Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:17 [ref. 5412], Dor 1984:214 [ref. 29757], Choat & Randall 1986:205 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:348 [ref. 15987], Randall 1995:297 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:455 [ref. 28239], Golani & Fricke 2018:132 [ref. 36273], Randall 2022:281 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

simplex, Pseudoscarus Poey [F.] 1865:185 [Repertorio Fisico-Natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 1; ref. 13954] Punta de Maya, Matanzas, Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coelestinus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

singaporensis, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1852:69 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16832] Singapore. Holotype (unique): ?RMNH 6673 (1 of 2). Bleeker specimens: ?BMNH 1861.2.28.56 (1). •Synonym of Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:26 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

speigleri, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:14 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Batavia/Jakarta and Patjitan (Java, Indonesia). Syntypes: (3). Based on Pseudoscarus dussumieri of Bleeker 1862:46, Pl. 8 (fig. I) [ref. 4858]. •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:21 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Fricke 1999:458 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

spilonotus, Pseudoscarus Kner [R.] 1868:31 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 58 (nos 1-2); ref. 6074] Kandavu Island, Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): NMW 78875. Non-types: ZMH H461 [ex MGH 5431] (1) Mauritius?. Type catalog: Ladiges 1958:171 [ref. 19182], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:409 [ref. 21161]. Appeared in more detail in Kner 1868:351 [p. 60 of separate], Pl. 9 (fig. 26) [ref. 2646]. •Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:23 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:210 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:456 [ref. 28239]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

spinus, Pseudoscarus Kner [R.] 1868:31 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 58 (nos 1-2); ref. 6074] Kandavu Island, Fiji Islands. Possible type: BMNH 1869.11.12.53 (1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1868:354 [62 of separate], Pl. 9 (fig. 27) [ref. 2646]. •Valid as Scarus spinus (Kner 1868) -- (Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:219 [ref. 6441], Choat & Randall 1986:222 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:355 [ref. 15987], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:497 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:318 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:355 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:212 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:92 [ref. 37268], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1021 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:383 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:115 [ref. 25868], Bellwood 2001:3491 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1021 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:165 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:23 [ref. 27624], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:461 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1434 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:748 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:143 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:246 [ref. 36673], Fujiwara et al. 2022:91 [ref. 39094]). Current status: Valid as Scarus spinus (Kner 1868). Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Christmas Island (Indian Ocean); central Indonesia east to Micronesia, Fiji and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

strigipinnis, Pseudoscarus De Vis [C. W.] 1885:886 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 9 (pt 4); ref. 1091] Cardwell, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): QM I.963. •Questionably a synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:210 [ref. 8099]). •Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus globiceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

superbus, Scarus Poey [F.] 1860:218 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. •Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

taeniopterus, Scarus Lesson [R. P.] (ex Desmarest) in Bory de Saint-Vincent 1829:224 (v. 15, RUA-S.) [Dictionnaire Classique d'Histoire Naturelle; ref. 3853] Cuba. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1750. Figured in v. 17, 1831:Pl. 112. •Valid as Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:209 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:156 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:394 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:39 [ref. 24488], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:300 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Moura et al. 2001:509 [ref. 25371], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1733 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:537 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:81 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585]). Current status: Valid as Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829. Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

taeniurus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:257 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-0554. •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Fricke 1999:459 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Mundy 2005:453 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:364 [ref. 30952], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

teatae, Scarus Curtiss [A.] 1938:111 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

teresae, Scarus Curtiss [A.] 1938:110 [A short zoology of Tahiti in the Society islands; ref. 18057] Lagoon near Tautira, Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

toshi, Scarus Whitley [G. P.] 1933:61 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] Southport, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: QM I.1634-65 (3). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Forsskål 1775 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:207 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Allen et al. 2006:1431 [ref. 29090]). •Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Current status: Synonym of Scarus ghobban Fabricius 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

tricolor, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1847:164 [Natuur-en Geneeskundig Archief voor Neȇrlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 314] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype: ?BMNH 1862.2.28.9. Also in Bleeker 1847:59 [ref. 317]. •Valid as Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:33 [ref. 5412], Kishimoto in Masuda et al. 1984:220 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:714 [ref. 5706], Winterbottom et al. 1989:59 [ref. 13251], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:497 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:202 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:142 [ref. 26476] dated 1849, Myers 1999:212 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:462 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Bellwood in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Bellwood 2001:3491 [ref. 26278] dated 1849, Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830] dated 1849, Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:165 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:24 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:462 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1434 [ref. 29090], Satapoomin 2009:239 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:749 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:268 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:143 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2018:300 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:246 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36871] as cf. tricolor, Randall 2022:288 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2023:319 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Mascarenes (Mauritius), Maldives and Chagos Archipelago (British Indian Ocean Territory) east to Palau, Line Islands (Kiribati), Marquesas Islands and Gambier Islands (French Polynesia), north to Philippines, south to New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

trilobatus, Scarus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:5, 21 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Bloch 1786) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Current status: Synonym of Scarus coeruleus (Edwards 1771). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

trispinosus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:182 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2041 (dry, poor condition). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:300 [ref. 20736]. •See Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]. •Valid as Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Moura et al. 2001:517 [ref. 25371], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:93 [ref. 27192], Parenti & Randall 2011:38 [ref. 31299], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:473 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:212 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Maranhão south to São Paulo (Brazil). IUCN (2012): Endangered. Habitat: marine.

turchesius, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:181 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Puerto Rico. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2460 (dry). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:298 [ref. 20736]. •Synonym of Scarus guacamaia Cuvier 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:57 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus guacamaia Cuvier 1829. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

upolensis, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:319, Fig. 59 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Apia, Upolu Island, Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51751. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8668 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:17 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:206 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

urbanus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1959:272, Pl. 42 (fig. J); Fig. 3 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 16; ref. 12028] Shimoni, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 79. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] (not researched). •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:33 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:288 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

venosus, Scarus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:212 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1744 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot & Guibé 1960:299 [ref. 20736]. •Valid as Scarus venosus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Chen et al. 1997:142 [ref. 26476]). •Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:27 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:215 [ref. 8099], Randall et al. 1990:354 [ref. 15987], Fricke 1999:459 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943], Liao et al. 2004:533 [ref. 28045], Randall 2005:459 [ref. 28239], Randall 2022:285 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus psittacus Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

vermiculatus, Callyodon Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1928:472, Pl. 49 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 7; ref. 1475] Tidore Island, south of Ternate Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: USNM 89978. Paratypes: BMNH 1955.11.4.4 [ex USNM] (1); USNM 147253 (1), 147401-02 (1, 1), 157061 (1), 157268 (1), 160141 (1). •Synonym of Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:17 [ref. 5412], Choat & Randall 1986:206 [ref. 8099], Randall 1995:297 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2005:455 [ref. 28239], Fricke et al. 2018:298 [ref. 35805], Randall 2022:281 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus frenatus Lacepède 1802. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

verweyi, Callyodon de Beaufort [L. F.] in Weber & de Beaufort 1940:298 [Fishes Indo-Australian Archipelago v. 8; ref. 239] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ZMA 112286. •Synonym of Scarus festivus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:16 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:56 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:281 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus festivus Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

vetula, Scarus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Parra) 1801:289 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Locality not stated [Havana, Cuba]. No types known. Based on the 'Vieja (No. 1)' of Parra 1787:58, Pl. 28 (fig. 1) [ref. 6840]. •Valid as Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:209 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1992:394 [ref. 23827], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Cervigón 1994:41 [ref. 24488], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:300 [ref. 25013], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:164 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:116 [ref. 26784], Westneat 2003:1734 [ref. 27105], Smith et al. 2003:45 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:156 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:538 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:161 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:180 [ref. 32953], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:64 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:157 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:81 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:71 [ref. 39585]). Current status: Valid as Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider 1801. Labridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

virginalis, Scarus Jordan [D. S.] & Swain [J.] 1884:88 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 414); ref. 14397] Havana, Cuba. Syntypes: CAS-SU 1411 (1), USNM 35080 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:89 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus taeniopterus Lesson 1829. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

viridibusius, Callyodon Fowler [H. W.] & Bean [B. A.] 1928:459, Pl. 48 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 100, v. 7; ref. 1475] Uki, Bouro Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: USNM 89977. Paratypes: USNM 111981 (1), 157068 (1), 157326 (1), 160360 (now 0). •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:33 [ref. 5412], Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943], Randall 2022:288 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

viridifucatus, Callyodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1956:12, Pl. 42 (figs. B, I) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 1; ref. 4104] Shimoni, Kenya, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 74. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] (not researched). •Valid as Scarus viridifucatus (Smith 1956) -- (Randall & Bruce 1983:34 [ref. 5412], Randall 1994:268 [ref. 21644], Bellwood 1994:68 [ref. 19116], Fricke 1999:462 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Bellwood 2001:3472 [ref. 26278], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830] as virdifucatus, Satapoomin 2009:239 [ref. 30463], Allen & Erdmann 2012:749 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:300 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:133 [ref. 36273], Psomadakis et al. 2020:532 [ref. 37272], Randall 2022:289 [ref. 39936]). Current status: Valid as Scarus viridifucatus (Smith 1956). Labridae. Distribution: Southern Red Sea; Indian Ocean: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Myanmar and Bali (Indonesia). Habitat: marine.

viridis, Pseudoscarus niger var. Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:570 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMB 10698 (1). •Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775 -- (Dor 1984:216 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus niger Forsskål 1775. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

viridis, Scarus Ehrenberg [C. G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:231 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing under Scarus gibbus Rüppell 1829 -- (Dor 1984:216 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:65 [ref. 24943]). Nomen Nudum. Labridae.

visayanus, Scarus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1933:22 [Copeia 1933 (no. 1); ref. 2106] Taytay, Palawan Island, Philippines. Holotype: CAS-SU 25510. Paratypes: BMNH 1933.3.11.524 [from Herre] (1); CAS-SU 25511-12 (1, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:89 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:59 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus tricolor Bleeker 1847. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

waitei, Callyodon Seale [A.] 1906:60, Fig. 15 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Tahiti, Society Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 1408. •Synonym of Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879) -- (Choat & Randall 1986:198 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus altipinnis (Steindachner 1879). Labridae. Habitat: marine.

xanthopleura, Scarus Bleeker [P.] 1853:499 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 336] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (?): BMNH 1864.5.15.43. •Valid as Scarus xanthopleura Bleeker 1853 -- (Randall 1997:49 [ref. 22932], Randall et al. 1997:521 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:212 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:1026 [ref. 25182], Bellwood 2001:3492 [ref. 26278], Hutchins 2001:40 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:1026 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:52 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:638 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:462 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1434 [ref. 29090], Allen & Erdmann 2012:750 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:82 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2019:246 [ref. 36673], Jeong & Motomura 2022:80 [ref. 39423]). Current status: Valid as Scarus xanthopleura Bleeker 1853. Labridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Cocos-Keeling Islands and Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Tuvalu, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

zelindae, Scarus Moura [R. L. de], Figueiredo [J. L. de] & Sazima [I.] 2001:506, Fig. 1 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 25371] Alcatrazes Archipelago, 24°06'S, 45°42'W, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 46651. Paratypes: MCP 27356 (1); MZUSP 46650 (1), 46652 (1), 46658 (1), 46786 (1), 47910 (1), 53159 (1); USNM 357500-01 (1, 1); ZUEC 4631 (1), 4652 (1,dissected), 46410 [? 4641](1) •Valid as Scarus zelindae Moura, Figueiredo & Sazima 2001 -- (Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:93 [ref. 27192], Parenti & Randall 2011:38 [ref. 31299], Pinheiro et al. 2015:25 [ref. 34324], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:474 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:213 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Scarus zelindae Moura, Figueiredo & Sazima 2001. Labridae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Maranhão south to São Paulo (Brazil). Habitat: marine.

zonatus, Pseudoscarus Macleay [W.] 1883:591 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 4); ref. 17586] Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Holotype (unique): AMS I.16379-001 [ex MAMU F890]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:208 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Scarus oviceps Valenciennes 1840 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:214 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:58 [ref. 24943]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus oviceps Valenciennes 1840. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

zonularis, Callyodon Jordan [D. S.] & Seale [A.] 1906:321, Fig. 60 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 25 (for 1905); ref. 2497] Pago Pago, American Samoa. Holotype: USNM 51752. Paratypes: ANSP 31655 (1); CAS-SU 8664 (5); USNM 51821 (1), 51825 (1), 51827-28 (1, 1), 126618 (1), 163939 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:88 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:151 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker 1859 -- (Choat & Randall 1986:203 [ref. 8099], Parenti & Randall 2000:55 [ref. 24943], Kottelat 2013:381 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker 1859. Labridae. Habitat: marine.

zufar, Scarus Randall [J. E.] & Hoover [J. P.] 1995:684, Pl. 1 [Copeia 1995 (no. 3); ref. 21668] Raysut, Dhofar, Oman, Arabian Sea, 16°56'N, 54°00'E, depth 8 meters. Holotype: BPBM 36056. Paratypes: BPBM 35935 (1), USNM 329441 (1). •Valid as Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover 1995 -- (Randall 1995:301 [ref. 22896], Parenti & Randall 2000:60 [ref. 24943], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S115 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:300 [ref. 34104], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 20 [ref. 38321], Hasan & Parvej 2020:85 [ref. 38092], Randall 2022:290 [ref. 39936], Zajonz et al. 2022:230 [ref. 40522], Zajonz et al. 2023:319 [ref. 40679]). Current status: Valid as Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover 1995. Labridae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Socotra (Yemen) and Oman east to Pakistan; Bangladesh. Habitat: marine.