Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Scorpaenodes: [ 46 ] records

africanus, Hypomacrus Smith [J. L. B.] 1958:177-178 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 12; ref. 4120] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 323. Paratypes: (21) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 397-404 (1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2). Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Scorpaenodes by Scorpaenodes africanus Pfaff 1933. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes albaiensis (Evermann & Seale 1907) -- (Eschmeyer 1986:471 [ref. 5652], Motomura et al. 2009:77 [ref. 30328], Poss & Motomura 2022:531 [ref. 39725]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes albaiensis (Evermann & Seale 1907). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

africanus, Scorpaenodes Pfaff [J. R.] 1933:311, Fig. 13 [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn v. 94; ref. 16517] Dakar, Senegal, eastern Atlantic. Holotype (unique): ZMUC. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:80 [ref. 9588]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes africanus Pfaff 1933 -- (Eschmeyer 1969:89 [ref. 1274], Eschmeyer & Dempster 1990:677 [ref. 17613], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Wirtz et al. 2007:8, 29 [ref. 30263], Poss 2016:2284 [ref. 34610], Reiner 2019:155 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:295 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes africanus Pfaff 1933. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Gabon, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

albaiensis, Hypomacrus Evermann [B. W.] & Seale [A.] 1907:102, Fig. 20 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 26 (Doc. 607) (for 1906); ref. 1285] Bacon, Sorsogon Province, Philippines, Albay Gulf, western Pacific. Holotype: USNM 55902. Paratypes: CAS-SU 20006 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:120 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Hypomacrus albaiensis Evermann & Seale 1907 -- (Mandrytsa 2001:276 [ref. 25636]). •Valid as Scorpaenodes albaiensis (Evermann & Seale 1907) -- (Eschmeyer 1986:471 [ref. 5652], Paxton et al. 1989:449 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:20 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:81 [ref. 15987], Randall et al. 1997:81 [ref. 25919], Poss 1999:2336 [ref. 24796], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:39 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:10 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:119 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:886 [ref. 29066], Motomura 2009:66 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2009:77 [ref. 30328], Poss et al. 2010:242 [ref. 30744], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31308], Allen & Erdmann 2012:228 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:51 [ref. 33932], Motomura et al. 2016:326 [ref. 35035], Fricke et al. 2018:133 [ref. 35805], Poss & Motomura 2022:531 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes albaiensis (Evermann & Seale 1907). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Tanzania, Mozambique), Seychelles, Comoros and Madagascar east to Fiji and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

arenai, Scorpaenodes Torchio [M.] 1962:113, Pl. 17; Fig. 1 [Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano v. 101 (no. 2); ref. 6544] Punta Pezzo, Ganzirri, Straits of Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MSNM 61 [ex 5734b]. Paratypes: MSNM 62 [ex MSNM 5734a] (1), 63 [ex MSNM 5640b] (1), 4612 (1, not present in 1995); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 617 (1). Type catalog: Conci & Michelangeli 1974:228 [ref. 21560]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes arenai Torchio 1962 -- (Eschmeyer 1969:90 [ref. 1274], Blanc & Hureau 1973:583 [ref. 7218], Hureau & Litvinenko in Whitehead et al. 1986:1222 [ref. 13677], Azevedo & Heemstra 1995:4 [ref. 22269], Santos et al. 1997:78 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:117 [ref. 24952], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Carneiro et al. 2019:234 [ref. 37250], Kovačić et al. 2021:76 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes arenai Torchio 1962. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Azores. Habitat: marine.

asperrimus, Paronescodes Smith [J. L. B.] 1958:177 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 12; ref. 4120] La Digue Island, Seychelles, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 112. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 377-387 (1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1). •Synonym of Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett 1864) -- (Eschmeyer 1986:473 [ref. 5652], Motomura et al. 2010:23 [ref. 30748]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett 1864). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

barrybrowni, Scorpaenodes Pitassy [D. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] in Baldwin, Pitassy & Robertson 2016:143, Figs. 1-2A [ZooKeys No. 606; ref. 34588] Curaçao, eastward of Substation Curaçao downline, 12.0832°N, 68.8991°W, depth 95-160 meters. Holotype: USNM 406390. Paratypes: CAS, USNM. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Scorpaenodes barrybrowni Pitassy & Baldwin 2016. Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes barrybrowni Pitassy & Baldwin 2016. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Curaçao, Bonaire and Dominica, western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

bathycolus, Scorpaenodes Allen [G. R.] & Erdmann [M. V.] 2012:229, 1104, Figs. 1-2 [Reef fishes of the East Indies.; ref. 31980] Pulau Panjang, 2°58.560'S, 123°17.732'E, southern Fakfak Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia, depth 60 meters, Holotype: MZB 20605. Paratypes: WAM P.33090-007 (1). •Valid as Scorpaenopsis bathycolus Allen & Erdmann 2012 -- (Fricke et al. 2014:52 [ref. 33932]). •Valid as Scorpaenodes bathycolus Allen & Erdmann 2012 -- (Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes bathycolus Allen & Erdmann 2012. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Western Pacific: West Papua (Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

brocki, Hypomacrus Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz et al. 1966:39, Figs. 138i, 143 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 3; ref. 5366] Talisse Island, Indonesia. Holotype: USNM 99782. Paratypes: USNM 99783 (1), 133076-77 (1, 1), 136430 (1), 136438 (1), 140090-91 (1, 1), 140228 (1). •Synonym of Scorpaenodes minor (Smith 1958) -- (Eschmeyer 1986:472 [ref. 5652], Randall 2005:121 [ref. 28239], Motomura et al. 2009:84 [ref. 30328]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes minor (Smith 1958). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

caribbaeus, Scorpaenodes Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1928:847, Pl. 82 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 249); ref. 2964] Toro Point, Canal Zone, Panama. Holotype (unique): USNM 81619. •Valid as Scorpaenodes caribbaeus Meek & Hildebrand 1928 -- (Eschmeyer 1969:88 [ref. 1274], Robins & Ray 1986:276 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1991:292 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:422 [ref. 23827], Acero P. & Navas S. 1997:67 [ref. 26475], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:198 [ref. 25013], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Collette et al. 2003:105 [ref. 26784], Poss & Eschmeyer 2003:1262 [ref. 27048], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:73 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:20 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:114 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:47 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:37 [ref. 33341], Pinheiro et al. 2015:12 [ref. 34324], Baldwin et al. 2016:153 [ref. 34588], Robertson et al. 2020:161 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:82 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:73 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:107 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:116 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes caribbaeus Meek & Hildebrand 1928. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

chilioprista, Scorpaena Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1838:107, Pl. 27 (fig. 3) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 476. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Dor 1984:82 [ref. 29757], Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411], Golani & Fricke 2018:54 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

chincha, Sebastodes Nichols [J. T.] & Murphy [R. C.] 1922:511, Fig. 2 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 46 (art. 9); ref. 15356] Chincha Islands, Ica Province, Peru. Holotype: AMNH 7784. Paratypes: AMNH 7941 (6), 7958 (1). •Synonym of Scorpaenodes xyris (Jordan & Gilbert 1882). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes xyris (Jordan & Gilbert 1882). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

corallinus, Scorpaenodes Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:64, Pl. 3 (fig. E), Fig. 5 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 4; ref. 4112] Baixo Pinda, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 301. Paratypes: (14) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 368-376 (1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Scorpaenodes corallinus Smith 1957 -- (Eschmeyer & Randall 1975:283 [ref. 6389], Dor 1984:82 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Randall 2005:120 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:328 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:174 [ref. 30952], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:65 [ref. 35264], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Allen & Erdmann 2012:229 [ref. 31980], Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035], Poss & Motomura 2022:532 [ref. 39725], Hoshino et al. 2023:123 [ref. 40230]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes corallinus Smith 1957. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa) and East Africa east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Marquesas Islands and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan) and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia, Kermadec Islands and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

echinatus, Centropogon Macleay [W.] 1881:436 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 5 (pt 3); ref. 17577] Endeavour River, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS I.16353-001 [ex MAMU F794]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:207 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Paxton et al. 1989:449 [ref. 12442], Allen et al. 2006:887 [ref. 29066], Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

elongatus, Scorpaenodes Cadenat [J.] 1950:665, Fig. [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 21 (no. 6); ref. 12939] Senegal coast, West Africa. Syntypes: (3) IFAN 1176 (1), MNHN 1950-0070 (1) Gorée. Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:18 [ref. 20738]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes elongatus Cadenat 1950 -- (Eschmeyer 1969:91 [ref. 1274], Eschmeyer & Dempster 1990:677 [ref. 17613], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Poss 2016:2285 [ref. 34610]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes elongatus Cadenat 1950. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

englerti, Scorpaenodes Eschmeyer [W. N.] & Allen [G. R.] 1971:525, Figs. 1c, 4 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 37 (no. 19); ref. 893] Tidepools between Hanga Roa & Hanga Piko, Easter Island, southeastern Pacific. Holotype: CAS 24806 [ex BPBM 6780]. Paratypes: BPBM 6778-79 (2, 1); CAS 24807 (3), 24808 (1 c&s); LACM 6560-44 (1); UBC 65-455 (1); USNM 205211 (2). •Valid as Scorpaenodes englerti Eschmeyer & Allen 1971 -- (Pequeño 1989:57 [ref. 14125], Meléndez C. & Cornejo C. 2001:68 [ref. 26163], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Randall 2005:121 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:175 [ref. 30952], Dyer & Westneat 2010:604 [ref. 31446]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes englerti Eschmeyer & Allen 1971. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific: Easter Island and Isla San Félix (Chile). Habitat: marine.

erinacea, Scorpaena Garman [S.] 1903:231, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 39 (no. 8); ref. 15030] Suva Reef, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28313. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

evides, Thysanichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.] 1914:272, Pl. 32 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 2543] Misaki, Japan. Holotype: FMNH 57082 [ex CM 6019a]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 22611 (5). Type catalog: Henn 1928:93 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:124 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:83 [ref. 12367]. •Probably a senior synonym of Scorpaenodes littoralis Tanaka 1917 -- (Poss et al. 2010:242 [ref. 30744], Larson et al. 2013:82 [ref. 32988]). •Valid as Scorpaenodes evides (Jordan & Thompson 1914) -- (Motomura et al. 2010:71 [ref. 31103], Allen & Erdmann 2012:229 [ref. 31980], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:112 [ref. 36167], Motomura & Struthers 2015:1100 [ref. 34285], Motomura et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34709], Koeda et al. 2016:3 [ref. 35354], Golani & Fricke 2018:54 [ref. 36273], Zajonz et al. 2019:68 [ref. 36871], Kim et al. 2020:93 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37637], Poss & Motomura 2022:532 [ref. 39725], Murase et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40935]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes evides (Jordan & Thompson 1914). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa), East Africa and Socotra (Yemen) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), south to Australia, New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and east to Rapa and French Polynesia [true evides may be restricted to Japan and Taiwan [ref. 31103]]. Habitat: marine.

floridae, Scorpaenodes Hildebrand [S. F.] in Longley & Hildebrand 1940:251, Fig. 14 [Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington v. 32; ref. 2822] South of Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A., depth 45 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 108875. Paratypes: USNM 108876 (1). •Synonym of Scorpaenodes tredecimspinosus (Metzelaar 1919) -- (Eschmeyer 1969:86 [ref. 1274]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes tredecimspinosus (Metzelaar 1919). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

guamensis, Scorpaena Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:326 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Guam, Mariana Islands, western Pacific. Lectotype: MNHN 6667. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-6667 (1). Lectotype selected by Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Paulin 1982:448 [ref. 23678], Dor 1984:82 [ref. 29757], Eschmeyer 1986:472 [ref. 5652], Allen & Swainston 1988:50 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:449 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:20 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:81 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:159 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:81 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:97 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:160 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2336 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:583 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:10 [ref. 25806], Sakai et al. 2001:92 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:583 [ref. 26001], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:618 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:39 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:69 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3318 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:120 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:886 [ref. 29066], Fricke et al. 2009:40 [ref. 30213], Motomura 2009:66 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:90 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31308], Allen & Erdmann 2012:230 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:82 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:51 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411], Koeda et al. 2016:21 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035], Fricke et al. 2018:133 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:54 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:28 [ref. 36883], Fricke et al. 2019:103 [ref. 36673], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 29 [ref. 38321], Kwik & Lim 2020:13 [ref. 38869], Dewa et al. 2022:16 [ref. 40001], Poss & Motomura 2022:532 [ref. 39725], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:304 [ref. 40698]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Wake Island, Marshall Islands and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to northwestern Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Norfolk Island (Australia), Kermadec Islands and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

hirsutus, Parascorpaenodes Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:63, Pl. 1 (fig. E), Fig. 5 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 4; ref. 4112] Bazaruto Island, 21°30'S, 35°30'E, Mozambique, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 331. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 388 (2), 389 (1), ?390 (1). •Valid as Scorpaenodes hirsutus (Smith 1957) -- (Eschmeyer & Randall 1975:277 [ref. 6389], Dor 1984:83 [ref. 29757], Eschmeyer 1986:472 [ref. 5652], Paxton et al. 1989:449 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:20 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:81 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:74 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:81 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:97 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:160 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2337 [ref. 24796], Randall 1999:10 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:582 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:582 [ref. 26001], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:120 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:328 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:887 [ref. 29066], Randall 2007:175 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31308], Allen & Erdmann 2012:230 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:51 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035], Fricke et al. 2018:134 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:54 [ref. 36273], Hoshino & Motomura 2021:[12] [ref. 38377], Poss & Motomura 2022:533 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes hirsutus (Smith 1957). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Comoros, Seychelles, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) at 35°03'S, New Caledonia and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

immaculatus, Scorpaenodes Poss [S. G.] & Collette [B. B.] 1990:543, Figs. 1-3 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 103 (no. 3); ref. 16730] Walters Shoals, western Indian Ocean, 33°11'06"S, 43°51'42"E to 33°11'30"S, 43°51'36"E, depth 40-49 meters. Holotype (unique): USNM 307748. •Valid as Scorpaenodes immaculatus Poss & Collette 1990 -- (Collette & Parin 1991:8 [ref. 19110], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Poss & Motomura 2022:533 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes immaculatus Poss & Collette 1990. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Walters Shoals. Habitat: marine.

insularis, Scorpaenodes Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1971:506, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 37 (no. 17); ref. 894] James Bay, St. Helena Island, South Atlantic. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1969.3.10.9. •Valid as Scorpaena [sic] insularis (Eschmeyer 1971) -- (Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:73 [ref. 27192]). •Valid as Scorpaenodes insularis Eschmeyer 1971 -- (Edwards & Glass 1987:635 [ref. 9166], Eschmeyer & Dempster 1990:677 [ref. 17613], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155] as Scorpaenoides i., Wirtz et al. 2014:5 [ref. 33516], Poss 2016:2284 [ref. 34610], Brown et al. 2019:180 [ref. 36444], Carvalho-Filho 2023:107 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes insularis Eschmeyer 1971. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago); southern central Atlantic: Ascension and Saint Helena islands. Habitat: marine.

investigatoris, Scorpaenodes Eschmeyer [W. N.] & Rama-Rao [K. V.] 1972:57 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 39 (no. 5); ref. 7611] Arabian Sea off Pakistan, 24°13'N, 65°52'E, depth 93 fathoms. Holotype: CAS 24264. Paratypes: CAS 24265-66 (2, 1); USNM 204030 (1); ZSI 916/1 (1), 917/1 (1). See Das 2003:378 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes investigatoris Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1972 -- (Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Poss et al. 2010:242 [ref. 30744], Psomadakis et al. 2015:184 [ref. 34104], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 29 [ref. 38321], Poss & Motomura 2022:534 [ref. 39725], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:305 [ref. 40698]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes investigatoris Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1972. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique; Pakistan and India. Habitat: marine.

keelingensis, Scorpaenodes Marshall [N. B.] 1950:199, Pl. 19 (fig. 3) [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 22; ref. 12960] Cocos-Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1949.11.29.659. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes kelloggi (Jenkins 1903) -- (Allen & Smith-Vaniz 1994:3 [ref. 22386], Hoshino & Motomura 2021:[4] [ref. 38377]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes kelloggi (Jenkins 1903). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

kelloggi, Sebastopsis Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:492, Fig. 37 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50694. Paratypes: CAS-SU 23306 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:124 [ref. 12291], Hoshino & Motomura 2021:[4] [ref. 38377]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes kelloggi (Jenkins 1903) -- (Eschmeyer & Randall 1975:279 [ref. 6389], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:314 [ref. 6441], Eschmeyer 1986:472 [ref. 5652], Winterbottom et al. 1989:20 [ref. 13251], Myers 1999:97 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:160 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2337 [ref. 24796], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:10 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:618 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:120 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:329 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:887 [ref. 29066], Randall 2007:175 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:40 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2011:67 [ref. 31308], Allen & Erdmann 2012:230 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:52 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035], Fricke et al. 2019:103 [ref. 36673], Akaike et al. 2021:21 [ref. 38809], Hoshino & Motomura 2021:[4] [ref. 38377], Poss & Motomura 2022:534 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes kelloggi (Jenkins 1903). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Comoros, Seychelles, western Mascarenes (La Réunion) and Agalega Islands (Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia, Cape York (Queensland, Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

littoralis, Sebastella Tanaka [S.] 1917:10 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 29 (no. 339); ref. 4329] Misaki, Japan. Holotype (unique): ZUMT 7439. •Valid as Scorpaenodes littoralis (Tanaka 1917) -- (Eschmeyer & Randall 1975:282 [ref. 6389], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:314 [ref. 6441], Eschmeyer 1986:472 [ref. 5652], Paxton et al. 1989:450 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:168 [ref. 24556], Randall 1995:110 [ref. 22896], Motomura & Iwatsuki 1997:129 [ref. 23963], Randall et al. 1997:82 [ref. 25919], Poss 1999:2338 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:582 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Randall & Earle 2000:10 [ref. 25806], Shinohara et al. 2000:177 [ref. 25987], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:582 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:242, 564 [ref. 26218], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Randall 2005:121 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:329 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:887 [ref. 29066], Randall 2007:175 [ref. 30952], Poss et al. 2010:243 [ref. 30744], Motomura et al. 2010:90 [ref. 31256], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988]). •Synonym of Scorpaenodes evides (Jordan & Thompson 1914) -- (Motomura et al. 2010:71 [ref. 31103], Allen & Erdmann 2012:229 [ref. 31980], Golani & Fricke 2018:54 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes evides (Jordan & Thompson 1914). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

minor, Hypomacrus Smith [J. L. B.] 1958:178 [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 12; ref. 4120] Bazaruto Island, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 320. Paratypes: (29) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 405-410 (1, 1, 3, 2, 7, 2), 412-413 (2, 15). •Valid as Hypomacrus minor Smith 1958 -- (Mandrytsa 2001:276 [ref. 25636]). •Valid as Scorpaenodes minor (Smith 1958) -- (Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:314 [ref. 6441], Eschmeyer 1986:472 [ref. 5652], Myers 1999:97 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:161 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2338 [ref. 24796], Nakabo 2000:581 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:581 [ref. 26001], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:619 [ref. 27495], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3318 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:121 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:887 [ref. 29066], Fricke et al. 2009:40 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2009:84 [ref. 30328], Poss et al. 2010:242 [ref. 30744], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2011:67 [ref. 31308], Allen & Erdmann 2012:231 [ref. 31980], Motomura et al. 2016:326 [ref. 35035], Poss & Motomura 2022:534 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes minor (Smith 1958). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Comoros, Seychelles and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands and Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia, Austral Islands and Society Islands (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.

minutus, Sebastes Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:348 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Molucca Islands; Marianas Islands; Society Islands. Lectotype: MNHN 6667. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-6667 (1) Guam, 0000-6668 (2) Tahiti, 0000-6669 (2) Bora Bora, 0000-6670 (1) Waigiou; RMNH 657 [ex MNHN] (1) Bora Bora; SMF 1473 [ex MNHN in 1830] (2). Type catalog: Blanc & Hureau 1968:20-21 [ref. 20738]. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quioy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Motomura et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31308], Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

muciparus, Sebastes Alcock [A. W.] 1889:298, Pl. 22 (fig. 3) [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 58 (pt 2, no. 3); ref. 84] 26 miles north by east of Golpalpur, Investigator station 42, depth 23 fathoms. Holotype (unique): ZSI F12432. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:155 [ref. 20743] but corrected by Talwar 1977:367 [ref. 20565], Menon & Rama-Rao 1975:43 [ref. 22148]. Figured in Alcock 1898: Pl. 18 (fig. 5) [ref. 20534]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes muciparus (Alcock 1889) -- (Eschmeyer 1969:4 [ref. 7813], Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1972:59 [ref. 7611], Poss 1999:2306 [ref. 24796], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Poss et al. 2010:242 [ref. 30744], Psomadakis et al. 2015:185 [ref. 34104], Poss & Motomura 2022:535 [ref. 39725], Moazzam & Osmany 2023:305 [ref. 40698]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes muciparus (Alcock 1889). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. Habitat: marine.

parvipinnis, Scorpaena Garrett [A.] 1864:105 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 3; ref. 18276] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): CAS [destroyed in 1906 fire]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett 1864) -- (Eschmeyer & Randall 1975:280 [ref. 6389], Dor 1984:83 [ref. 29757] as parvipinis, Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:314 [ref. 6441], Eschmeyer 1986:473 [ref. 5652], Paxton et al. 1989:450 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:20 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:82 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:159 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:74 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:82 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:98 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:161 [ref. 24106], Poss 1999:2339 [ref. 24796], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:581 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:167 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:10 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:581 [ref. 26001], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:619 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:40 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:121 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:329 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:887 [ref. 29066], Randall 2007:175 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:40 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:23 [ref. 30748], Motomura et al. 2010:90 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2011:67 [ref. 31308], Allen & Erdmann 2012:231 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:52 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Koeda et al. 2016:21 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035], Golani & Fricke 2018:54 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:28 [ref. 36883], Poss & Motomura 2022:535 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett 1864). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Aliwal Shoal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Marquesas Islands and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Taiwan and southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island (Australia), and Tonga. Habitat: marine.

polylepis, Scorpaena Bleeker [P.] 1851:173 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 16895] Western Sumatra, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 5855 (32 mm). Paralectotypes: RMNH 35642 (ex 5855) (1), SMNS 10633 (1). Syntypes: AMS B. 8267 (1), RMNH 5855 (10, some syntypes), SMNS 10633 (4). Type catalog: Fricke 1991:19 [ref. 13474], Fricke 2005:58 [ref. 29864]. Lectotype selected by Motomura et al. 2016:347 [ref. 34411]. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Dor 1984:82 [ref. 29757], Allen et al. 2006:887 [ref. 29066], Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411], Golani & Fricke 2018:54 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

quadrispinosus, Scorpaenodes Greenfield [D. W.] & Matsuura [K.] 2002:973, Figs. 1-2A [Copeia 2002 (no. 4); ref. 26507] Barrier reef off Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji, depth 4.6-6.4 meters. Holotype: CAS 214498. Paratypes: BPBM 38826-27 (1, 1); FMNH 110236 (1); USNM 367135 (1). •Valid as Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus Greenfield & Matsuura 2002 -- (Randall 2005:121 [ref. 28239], Motomura et al. 2010:18 [ref. 30748], Motomura et al. 2010:91 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:231 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:52 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 33988], Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus Greenfield & Matsuura 2002. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean (Christmas Island and Australia) and Western North Pacific: Papua New Guinea north to Ryukyu Islands, east to Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Rapa. Habitat: marine.

quiescens, Scorpaenopsis Seale [A.] 1906:80, Fig. 2 [Occasional Papers of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3999] Tahiti, Society Islands. Holotype (unique): BPBM 1352. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

rawakensis, Scorpaena Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:325 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Waigeo [Waigiou], Indonesia; Rawak Island, Bismarck Archipelago. lost. Reversal of precedence selecting Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett 1864) over Scorpaena rawakensis Quoy & Gaimard 1824 by reversal of precedence [ref. 35035]. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett 1864) -- (Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett 1864). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

rubrivinctus, Scorpaenodes Poss [S. G.], McCosker [J. E.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 2010:237, Figs. 1-3, 4A, 11-12 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences v. 61 (no. 2); ref. 30744] San Cristobal I., seamount south-east of San Cristobal I., 01°06'24"S, 89°07'02"W, depth 203 m. Holotype: CAS 90384. Paratypes: CAS 86511 (2), 86524 (1), 86532 (1), 201883 (1); USNM 396088 (1). •Valid as Scorpaenodes rubrivinctus Poss, McCosker & Baldwin 2010 -- (Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes rubrivinctus Poss, McCosker & Baldwin 2010. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Galápagos and Cocos islands. Habitat: marine.

rubropunctata, Scorpaena Cuvier [G.] (ex Ehrenberg) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1829:324 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 4; ref. 998] Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Lectotype: ZMB 766. Paralectotypes: ZMB 765 (5, poor condition, 1 lost), 766 (1). Plus additional non-type material: ZMB 772 (1). Type catalog: Paepke & Fricke 1992:271 [ref. 19946]. Originally as rubro-punctata. Lectotype selected by Motomura et al. 2016:347 [ref. 34411]. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Dor 1984:82 [ref. 29757], Motomura et al. 2016:346 [ref. 34411], Golani & Fricke 2018:54 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

russelli, Scorpaenodes Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1928:189, Fig. [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 15836] Bizoton Reef, Port-au-Prince Bay, Haiti, West Indies, depth 12 feet. Holotype (unique): USNM 170573 [ex NYZS 7207]. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes caribbaeus Meek & Hildebrand 1928 -- (Eschmeyer 1969:88 [ref. 1274]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes caribbaeus Meek & Hildebrand 1928. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

scaber, Sebastes Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.] 1886:577 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 10 (pt 4); ref. 18597] Shark Reef, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Syntypes: AMS B.8450-51 (2). New South Wales is apparently in error for a warmer water location. •Valid as Scorpaenodes scaber (Ramsay & Ogilby 1886) -- (Dor 1984:83 [ref. 29757], Shimizu in Masuda et al. 1984:314 [ref. 6441] as scabra, Allen & Swainston 1988:50 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:450 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:21 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:82 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:119 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:159 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356] dated 1866, Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:88 [ref. 25488], Poss 1999:2339 [ref. 24796], Johnson 1999:727 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:583 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:605 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2002:583 [ref. 26001], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:40 [ref. 27510], Randall 2005:120 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:888 [ref. 29066], Shao et al. 2008:246 [ref. 29952], Motomura et al. 2010:90 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2011:67 [ref. 31308], Motomura et al. 2016:358 [ref. 34411] as a valid species in southeastern Australia, Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 29 [ref. 38321], Poss & Motomura 2022:536 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes scaber (Ramsay & Ogilby 1886). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa east to Marshall Islands and Society Islands, north to Japan, south to New South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa (French Polynesia). Species limited to southern Australia (Motomura et al. 2016:358 [ref. 34411] but needs investigation). Habitat: brackish, marine.

smithi, Scorpaenodes Eschmeyer [W. N.] & Rama-Rao [K. V.] 1972:59, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 39 (no. 5); ref. 7611] Andaman Sea, off western Malaya, Andaman Islands, 5°45'N, 98°20'E, depth 40 fathoms. Holotype: BMNH 1929.6.12.6. Paratypes: BMNH 1929.6.12.7-15 (12), 1932.2.15.15-20 (6), 1933.8.11.4 (1), 1972.1.17.1-9 (9); CAS 13616 (4); NMS uncat. (10); USNM 206501 (4); ZMC P7978-81 (4), P7982-3 (2), P7991-2 (2), P79100-112 (13), P79113-132 (20); ZSI F6254/2 (1). See Das 2003:378 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes smithi Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1972 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:450 [ref. 12442], Poss 1999:2306 [ref. 24796], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen et al. 2006:888 [ref. 29066], Poss et al. 2010:242 [ref. 30744], Allen & Erdmann 2012:232 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:82 [ref. 32988] with 2nd author as Rao, Motomura et al. 2017:326 [ref. 35035], Kwik & Lim 2020:13 [ref. 38869]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes smithi Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1972. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: East Andaman Sea, Singapore, southern China, Arafura Sea and northwestern Australia. Habitat: marine.

steenei, Scorpaenodes Allen [G. R.] 1977:145, Pl. 1 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 101 (pt 3); ref. 7226] Off northeastern side of Rottnest Island, Western Australia, depth 6 meters. Holotype: WAM P.25178-006. Paratypes: AMS I.18461-001 (1), USNM 214679 (1). Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:16 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:17 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes steenei Allen 1977 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:450 [ref. 12442], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Allen et al. 2006:888 [ref. 29066], Hoschke et al. 2019:155 [ref. 36626]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes steenei Allen 1977. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean: Houtman Abrolhos south to Albany (Western Australia). Habitat: marine.

steinitzi, Scorpaenodes Klausewitz [W.] & Frøiland [Ø.] 1970:318, Figs. 1-2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 51 (nos 5/6); ref. 7969] Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Holotype: HUJ 10097. Paratypes: HUJ 10098-99 (9, 1), SMF 10546-49 (4). Type catalog: Golani 2006:24 [ref. 28840]. •Valid as Scorpaenodes steinitzi Klausewitz & Frøiland 1970 -- (Dor 1984:83 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Motomura et al. 2011:67 [ref. 31308], DiBattista et al. 2015:19 [ref. 35706], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[4] 242 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:55 [ref. 36273], Poss & Motomura 2022:536 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes steinitzi Klausewitz & Frøiland 1970. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Northern Red Sea: Gulf of Aqaba endemic. Habitat: marine.

tredecimspinosa, Scorpaena Metzelaar [J.] 1919:146, Fig. 44 [Report on the fishes; ref. 2982] Bonaire Island, West Indies. Lectotype: USNM 160660 [ex ZMA 110241]. Paralectotypes: RMNH 9772 [ex ZMA] (1); CAS-SU 23303 (1); ZMA 110241 (2), 113332 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:121 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:82 [ref. 19236]. Lectotype selected by Eschmeyer 1969:86 [ref. 1274]. Misspelled tridecimspinosa by authors. •Valid as Scorpaenodes tredecimspinosus (Metzelaar 1919) -- (Eschmeyer 1969:86 [ref. 1274], Robins & Ray 1986:276 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1991:293 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:422 [ref. 23827], Acero P. & Navas S. 1997:67 [ref. 26475], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Poss & Eschmeyer 2003:1263 [ref. 27048], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:73 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:20 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:114 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:48 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32708], Pinheiro et al. 2015:12 [ref. 34324], Baldwin et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34588], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:82 [ref. 38844], Carvalho-Filho 2023:107 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes tredecimspinosus (Metzelaar 1919). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina (U.S.A.) south to São Paulo (Brazil), including eastern and southern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

triacanthus, Scorpaenodes Parr [A. E.] 1930:115, Fig. 30 [Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection Yale University v. 3 (art. 4); ref. 3370] Bennet's Harbor, Cat Island, Bahamas. Holotype: YPM 2533. Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:25 [ref. 16741]. •Synonym of Scorpaenodes caribbaeus Meek & Hildebrand 1928 -- (Eschmeyer 1969:88 [ref. 1274], Poss & Eschmeyer 2003:1262 [ref. 27048]). Current status: Synonym of Scorpaenodes caribbaeus Meek & Hildebrand 1928. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Habitat: marine.

tribulosus, Scorpaenodes Eschmeyer [W. N.] 1969:8, Fig. 1c [Occasional Papers California Academy of Sciences No. 76; ref. 7813] Off Kenya, Indian Ocean, 2°42'S, 40°53'E, depth 77 fathoms. Holotype: CAS 24267. Paratypes: USNM 204031 (1). •Valid as Scorpaenodes tribulosus Eschmeyer 1969 -- (Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao 1972:59 [ref. 7611], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:977 [ref. 26507], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Poss et al. 2010:242 [ref. 30744], Poss & Motomura 2022:536 [ref. 39725]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes tribulosus Eschmeyer 1969. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa (Somalia and Kenya). Habitat: marine.

varipinnis, Scorpaenodes Smith [J. L. B.] 1957:65, Fig. 5; Pl. 3 (fig. D) [Ichthyological Bulletin, Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 4; ref. 4112] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 119. Paratypes: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 364-367 (2, 4, 1, 1). •Valid as Scorpaenodes varipinnis Smith 1957 -- (Dor 1984:83 [ref. 29757], Eschmeyer 1986:473 [ref. 5652], Allen & Swainston 1988:50 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:450 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:82 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:78 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:88 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:82 [ref. 25919], Shinohara 1998:37 [ref. 24511], Myers 1999:98 [ref. 23965], Poss 1999:2340 [ref. 24796], Allen 2000:86 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:583 [ref. 25086], Poss in Randall & Lim 2000:606 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:583 [ref. 26001], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Allen & Adrim 2003:29 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:619 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:122 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:888 [ref. 29066], Motomura 2009:67 [ref. 30463], Fricke et al. 2011:378 [ref. 31242], Motomura et al. 2011:67 [ref. 31308], Allen & Erdmann 2012:232 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2014:52 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:21 [ref. 35333], Fricke et al. 2018:134 [ref. 35805], Poss & Motomura 2022:536 [ref. 39725], Tsuno et al. 2022:82 [ref. 39111]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes varipinnis Smith 1957. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, aint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Guam and Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to Kochi Prefecture (Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Former Red Sea records are now assigned to S. steinitzi Klausewitz & Frøiland 1970. Habitat: marine.

xyris, Sebastopsis Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:369 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 290); ref. 12308] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Syntypes: USNM 30979 (6). •Valid as Scorpaenodes xyris (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) -- (Meek & Hildebrand 1928:845 [ref. 2964], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:133 [ref. 9277], Léon-Castro et al. 1993:324 [ref. 24939], Allen & Robertson 1994:101 [ref. 22193], Poss in Fischer et al. 1995:1559 [ref. 22830], Franke & Acero P. 1996:766 [ref. 22923], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:292 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:267 [ref. 24555], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:121 [ref. 25206], Thomson et al. 2000:70 [ref. 25640], Richards & Engle 2001:178 [ref. 25759], Greenfield & Matsuura 2002:976 [ref. 26507], Nelson et al. 2004:114 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:74 [ref. 37547], Béarez & Séret 2009:147 [ref. 36646], Poss et al. 2010:241 [ref. 30744], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:191 [ref. 30957], Butler et al. 2012:168 [ref. 40735], Page et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:443 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:608 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:126 [ref. 35888], Love et al. 2021:105 [ref. 39279], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Scorpaenodes xyris (Jordan & Gilbert 1882). Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.