guttata, Raja Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] (ex Markgraf von Liebstadt) 1801:361 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] America australibus [Brazil]. No types known. Based on the 'Iabebirete' of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:175, fig. [ref. 30347]. •Valid as Dasyatis guttata (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Uyeno & Sasaki in Uyeno et al. 1983:83 [ref. 14275], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Cervigón 1992:199 [ref. 23827], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:44 [ref. 22793], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:176 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:45 [ref. 24221], Cervigón & Alcalá 1999:184 [ref. 24490], Compagno 1999:495 [ref. 25589], Gomes et al. 2000:514 [ref. 24451], Menni & Stehmann 2000:90 [ref. 24909], Rosenberger 2001:615 [ref. 25447], Rocha & Rosa 2001:989 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:144 [ref. 27639], Gomes & Gadig in Menezes et al. 2003:30 [ref. 27192], McEachran & Carvalho 2003:567 [ref. 26985], Smith et al. 2003:6 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:56 [ref. 27807], Santos et al. 2004:1 [ref. 27848], Santos & Carvalho 2004:14 [ref. 28040], Page et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32708], Pinheiro et al. 2015:4 [ref. 34324], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:128 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:130 [ref. 34211]). •Valid as Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Last et al. 2016:356 [ref. 34581], Last et al. 2016:567 [ref. 35010], Ehemann et al. 2018:26 [ref. 36194], Spier et al. 2018:5 [ref. 36103], Ehemann et al. 2019:[6] [ref. 36861], Araujo & Gomes 2021:34 [ref. 39130], Blanco-Parra & Niño-Torres 2022:Correction, p. 5 [ref. 38986], Carvalho-Filho 2023:320 [ref. 40480], Castillo Domínguez et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40663], Hoff et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40505], Gadig et al. 2024:78 [ref. 40775], Petean et al. 2024:7 [ref. 40884]). Current status: Valid as Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Dasyatidae: Dasyatinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Belize and Cuba south to São Paulo (Brazil), including southern Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.