Species that contain: Epinephelus and maculatus [ 11 ] records

albofuscus, Holocentrus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:340, 384 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] East Indies. No types known. Originally albo-fuscus, correction mandatory. New name for Holocentrus maculatus Bloch. •Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:189 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:181 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:73 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

atlanticus, Sparus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1802:52, 156, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 4; ref. 4929] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot & Daget 1972:86 [ref. 20898], Bauchot et al. 1984:48 [ref. 19232]. Replacement name for Perca maculata Bloch 1792, preoccupied in Epinephelus by Holocentrus maculatus Bloch 1790. •Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:37 [ref. 38901]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

bicolor, Holocentrus Shaw [G.] 1803:568 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] No locality. Apparently based on Holocentrus maculatus Bloch but Bloch citation not given. •Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:73 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

gigas, Perca Brünnich [M. T.] 1768:65 [Ichthyologia Massiliensis, sistens piscium descriptiones eorumque apud incolas nomina; ref. 17290] Marseille, France, western Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Unused senior synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790); name should be suppressed by ICZN (Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Tortonese 1973:359 [ref. 7192], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:785 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith 1986:302 [ref. 6204], Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:666 [ref. 21590]). •Regarded as a nomen dubium -- (Heemstra 1991:33, 38 [ref. 19323], Randall & Heemstra 1991:199 [ref. 19601]). •Possibly the same as Epinephelus haifensis Ben-Tuvia 1953 -- (Heemstra & Randall 1993:162 [ref. 21042]). •Synonym of Hyporthodus haifensis (Ben-Tuvia 1953) -- (Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2396 [ref. 34618]). •Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

kulas, Plectropoma Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:423 [145] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. On p. 145 of reprint. •Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:189 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:181 [ref. 21042] with question, Parenti & Randall 2020:73 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

maculata, Perca Bloch [M. E.] 1792:92, Pl. 313 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 6; ref. 470] Martinique Island, West Indies. No types known. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Epinephelus by Holocentrus maculatus Bloch 1790. On p. 81 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 9 [ref. 21381]. Replaced by Sparus atlanticus Lacepède 1802. •Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765) -- (Smith 1990:696 [ref. 18227], Parenti & Randall 2020:61 [ref. 37354], Fricke et al. 2021:37 [ref. 38901]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck 1765). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

maculata, Perca Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:333, xlv [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] St. Christine Island or Waitako. No types known. Name Latinized in index on p. xlv. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Perca maculata Bloch 1792 (and, if in Epinephelus, also secondarily preoccupied by Holocentrus maculatus Bloch 1790). 1°Homonym. Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

maculata, Perca Forster [J. R.] in Lichtenstein 1844:220 [Descriptiones animalium quae in itinere ad Maris Australis; ref. 17531] St. Christian Island, Waitako [= Vaitahu, Tahuata Island, Marquesas Islands]. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Perca maculata Bloch 1792 (and also secondarily preoccupied in Epinephelus by Holocentrus maculatus Bloch 1790). Lichtenstein (editor, p. 220, footnote) treats as a synonym of "Perca miniata Forsk. Faun. orient. p. 41", "Bodianus miniatus Bl. Sch. p. 332", and "Serranus variolosus Cuv. Val. II. p. 265." •Synonym of Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:146 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:150 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:67 [ref. 37354]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål 1775). Epinephelidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

maculatus, Holocentrus Bloch [M. E.] 1790:96, Pl. 242 (fig. 3) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 4; ref. 469] East Indies. Holotype (unique): ZMB (not found). On p. 76 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 7 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:176 [ref. 19754], Katayama in Masuda et al. 1984:129 [ref. 6441], Paxton et al. 1989:495 [ref. 12442], Lee 1990:47 [ref. 19830], Randall et al. 1990:110 [ref. 15987], Randall & Heemstra 1991:189 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:181 [ref. 21042], Kuiter 1993:131 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:160 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:90 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:49 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:110 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:110 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:114 [ref. 23965], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2509 [ref. 24815], Nakabo 2000:724 [ref. 25086], Randall in Randall & Lim 2000:609 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:184 [ref. 25191], Johnson 2001:730 [ref. 25471], Sakai et al. 2001:94 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:262 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:30 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:724 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:31 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:621 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:53 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:11 [ref. 27624], Randall 2005:159 [ref. 28239], Hoese et al. 2006:1013 [ref. 28999], Motomura et al. 2010:97 [ref. 31256], Fricke et al. 2011:384 [ref. 31242], Craig et al. 2011:178 [ref. 31786], Allen & Erdmann 2012:275 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:61 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:26 [ref. 35333], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Fricke et al. 2019:118 [ref. 36673], Parenti & Randall 2020:73 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38701], Wada et al. 2021:39 [ref. 38521], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:141 [ref. 41223], Allen & Erdmann 2024:294 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Cocos-Keeling Island east to the Line Islands, north to Amami Islands (southern Japan), south to southeastern Australia and Lord Howe Island (Australia). Habitat: marine.

medurensis, Serranus Günther [A.] 1873:8, Pl. 9 (fig. A) [Journal des Museum Godeffroy v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 14186] Maduro [Majuro], Marshall Islands. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1873.4.3.243. •Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:189 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:181 [ref. 21042], Heemstra & Randall 1999:2509 [ref. 24815], Parenti & Randall 2020:73 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.

sebae, Serranus Bleeker [P.] 1854:488 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 344] Ambon Island, Moluccs Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790) -- (Randall & Heemstra 1991:189 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:181 [ref. 21042], Parenti & Randall 2020:73 [ref. 37354]). Current status: Synonym of Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch 1790). Epinephelidae. Habitat: marine.