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World Checklist of Extant Mecoptera Species
WORLD CHECKLIST OF EXTANT MECOPTERA SPECIES
BOREIDAE (Winter Scorpion-flies)
Winter Scorpion-flies are very small (3 to 5 mm length) mecopterans
which are adapted to boreal and high altitude environments. Larvae are
scarabiform, forming cells amongst moss rhizoids, on which they feed.
Most adult boreids feed on moss leaves, which the highly modified Caurinus
dectes feeds on liverworts. Adults are active during the winter months
in the more southern part of their distribution, mating and laying eggs
amongst the mosses. Adults of Alaskan species are active during the Spring
and Summer months. The greatest species diversity is to be found along
the Pacific Coast of North America. Adults have adapted to the colder
environment by becoming dark in color, presumably to better absorb the
winter sunshine. They also have wings reduced to narrow
straps in males and short, rounded stubs
in females, presumably to reduce body surface area. Females also have
an elongate, tubular ovipositor. They
have the ability to hop, and some specialists think that they may share
a direct ancestral link with fleas.
Boreus |
beybienkoi |
|
1962 |
Kyrghyzstan |
Boreus |
borealis |
Banks |
1923 |
U.S.A. (AK) |
Boreus |
brumalis |
Fitch |
1847 |
U.S.A. (DC, IL, MA, MI, MN, NY, OH, TN, VA, WS), Canada (PQ) |
Boreus |
californicus |
Packard |
1870 |
U.S.A. (AZ, CA, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA, WY), Canada (AB, BC) |
= Boreus |
unicolor |
Hine |
1901 |
= Boreus |
isolatus |
Carpenter |
1935 |
= Boreus |
californicus fuscus |
Carpenter |
1935 |
Boreus |
chadzhigireji |
Pliginsky |
1914 |
Ukraine (Crimea) |
Boreus |
coloradensis |
Byers |
1955 |
U.S.A. (CO, MT, UT, WY) |
Boreus |
elegans |
Carpenter |
1935 |
U.S.A. (WA), Canada (BC) |
Boreus |
hyemalis |
(Linnaeus) |
1767 |
Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Britain,
Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland |
= Panorpa |
hyemalis |
Linnaeus |
1767 |
= Gryllus |
proboscideus |
Panzer |
1796 |
= Boreus |
gigas |
Brauer |
1876 |
Boreus |
intermedius |
Lloyd |
1934 |
U.S.A. (AK) |
Boreus |
jacutensis |
Plutenko |
1984 |
Russia |
Boreus |
jezoensis |
Hori and Morimoto |
1996 |
Japan |
Boreus |
kratochvili |
Mayer |
1938 |
Czechoslovakia |
Boreus |
lokayi |
Klapálek |
1901 |
Romania |
Boreus |
navasi |
Pliginsky |
1914 |
Ukraine (Crimea) |
= Boreus |
aktijari |
Pliginsky |
1914 |
Ukraine (Crimea) |
Boreus |
nivoriundus |
Fitch |
1847 |
U.S.A. (MA, ME, NH, NY, OH, TN, VT) |
Boreus |
nix |
Carpenter |
1935 |
U.S.A. (AK, MT), Canada (BC) |
= Boreus |
gracilis |
Carpenter |
1935 |
Boreus |
orientalis |
Martynova |
1954 |
Far Eastern Russia |
Boreus |
pilosus |
Carpenter |
1935 |
U.S.A. (MT), Canada (AB, BC) |
Boreus |
reductus |
Carpenter |
1933 |
U.S.A. (ID, MT, NV, WA), Canada (BC) |
Boreus |
semenovi |
Pliginsky |
1930 |
Far Eastern Russia |
Boreus |
sjoestedti |
Navás |
1925 |
Far Eastern Russia (Kamtchatka Peninsula) |
Boreus |
tardokijanensis |
Plutenko |
1985 |
Russia |
Boreus |
vlasovi |
Martynova |
1954 |
Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan |
Boreus |
westwoodi |
Hagen |
1866 |
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland,
Sweden, Switzerland, European Russia |
= Boreus |
boldyrevi |
Navás |
1911 |
= Boreus |
tarnanii |
Navás |
1911 |
Caurinus |
dectes |
Russell |
1979 |
U.S.A. (OR) |
Hesperoboreus |
brevicaudus |
(Byers) |
1961 |
U.S.A. (OR, WA) |
= Boreus |
brevicaudus |
Byers |
1961 |
Hesperoboreus |
notoperates |
(Cooper) |
1972 |
U.S.A. (CA) |
= Boreus |
notoperates |
Cooper |
1972 |
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