As discussed by Arnold (1945:188), the following species recorded from Madagascar by de Saussure (1892) actually do not occur there: Ammophila laevigata F. Smith, Bembix olivacea Fabricius, Chlorion lobatum (Fabricius), Chlorion splendidum Fabricius (as Chlorion forficula de Saussure), Parapsammophila erythrocephala (Fabricius), Sphex sericeus (Fabricius) (as aurulentus Fabricius), Stizus ruficornis Fabricius, and Bembecinus tridentatus (Fabricius). The occurrence of Chalybion spinolae (Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau), also listed by Saussure, was not confirmed by subsequent authors.

LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES

Alysson Panzer, 1806:169. Type species: Pompilus spinosus Panzer, 1801, designated by Morice and Durrant, 1915:406.

Alyson Jurine, 1807:195. Type species: Pompilus spinosus Panzer, 1801, by monotypy.

madecassus Arnold

Alysson madecassus Arnold, 1945:50, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Behara (MNHH). Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:458 (listed).

seyrigi Arnold

Alysson seyrigi Arnold, 1945:49, (as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype: , Madagascar: Perinet (MNHN). R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:458 (listed).

AMMATOMUS

Ammatomus  A. Costa, 1859:36. Type species: Gorytes coarctatus Spinola, 1808, by monotypy.

biguttatus Arnold

Ammatomus biguttatus  Arnold, 1945:62, , .   Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Behara, Bekily, Ivondro (MNHN).  Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513 (listed); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

fallax Arnold

Ammatomus fallax Arnold, 1945:61, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar).

madecassus (von Schulthess)

Gorytes madecassus  von Schulthess in  Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Diego Suarez). Nomen nudum.

Gorytes madescassus von Schulthess, 1918:99, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Diego Suarez (depository?). - As Ammatomus madescassus: Arnold, 1945:64 (new combination, Madagascar; redescription); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar, Comoro Islands; prey: Flatidae, Cixiidae); Madl, 1997:822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

rubicundus Arnold

Ammatomus rubicundus Arnold, 1945:65, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar).

seyrigi Arnold

Ammatomus seyrigi Arnold, 1945:59, , (as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:513 (listed); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).

Ammophila W. Kirby, 1798:199. Type species: Sphex sabulosus  Linnaeus, 1758, designated by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1946:571 (Opinion 180).

Ammophylus Latreille, 1802b:332. Lapsus or emendation of Ammophila W. Kirby, 1798.

Miscus Jurine, 1807:130, no included species. Type species: Miscus campestris (Latreille, 1809) [=Ammophila campestris Latreille, 1809], designataed by Shuckard, 1837:79 (one of the two species first included in Miscus by Latreille, 1809:54).

Ammophilus Latreille, 1829:322. Lapsus or emendation of Ammophila  W. Kirby, 1798.

Coloptera Latreille, 1845:387. Type species: Coloptera barbara  Lepeletier, 1845, by monotypy.

Argyrammophila Gussakovskij, 1928a:7. Type species: Ammophila induta Kohl, 1901, by original designation.

Apycnemia Leclercq, 1961c:211. Type species: Ammophila fallax Kohl, 1884 [= Ammophila hungarica Mocsáry, 1883], by original designation.

beniniensis imerinae de Saussure

Ammophila imerinae de Saussure, 1892:435, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Imerina, Antananarivo, Anosibé (MHNG).  Arnold, 1945:87 (as junior synonym of Sphex beninensis, Madagascar).  As Ammophila lugubris var. imerinae: Kohl, 1909:371 (new status;Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Europa Island in Mozambique Channel).  As Ammophila beninensis imerinae: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:151 (new status, listed).

As Ammophila rubiginosa: de Saussure, 1892:435 (Madagascar), corrected to Sphex beninensis by Arnold, 1945:87; von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Diego Suarez), present correction.

Ammoplanus Giraud, 1869:469. Type species: Ammoplanus perrisi Giraud, 1869 [? = Ammoplanus wesmaeli Giraud, 1869], designated by Pate, 1937c:7.

Hoplocrabron De Stefani Perez, 1887:60. Type species: Hoplocrabron marathroicus De-Stefani, 1887, by monotypy.

Ammoplanellus Gussakovskij, 1931b:442 (as subgenus of Ammoplanus). Type species: Ammoplanus chorasmius Gussakovskij, 1931, by original designation. Raised to genus status by R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:42, and treated as subgenus by Marshakov (1976a, 1979).

Ceballosia Giner Marí, 1943c:285, junior homonym of Ceballosia Mercet, 1921. Type species: Ammoplanus rjabovi Gussakovskij, 1931, by original designation.

Parammoplanus  Pate, 1939:391. Type species: Ammoplanus apache Pate, 1937, by original designation. Treated as subgenus of Ammoplanellus  by R. Bohart in  Bohart and Menke, 1976:42.

brevicornis Arnold

Ammoplanus brevicornis Arnold, 1945:146, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:198 (listed).

claripennis Arnold

Ammoplanus claripennis Arnold, 1945:147, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key).  As Ammoplanellus claripennis: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:198 (new combination, listed).

egregius Arnold

Ammoplanus egregius Arnold, 1945:148, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:198 (listed).

jucundus Arnold

Ammoplanus jucundus Arnold, 1945:145, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:198 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).

madecassus Kohl

Ammoplanus madecassus Kohl, 1909:374, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara (ZMHU or SIF)  Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Pate, 1937a:104 (placed in subgenus Ammoplanellus); Leclercq, 1959a:26 (in key).  As Ammoplanellus madecassus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:198 (new combination, listed).

orientalis Arnold

Ammoplanus madecassus var. orientalis Arnold, 1945:148, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  Arnold, 1945:144 (in key); Leclercq, 1959a:25 (in key).  As Ammoplanellus orientalis: R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:200 (new combination, new status).

Ampulex Jurine, 1807:132. Type species: Chlorion compressum of Latreille and of Fabricius [= Chlorion compressum (Fabricius, 1804) = Sphex compressus Fabricius, 1781, designated by Audouin, 1822:301.

Pronaeus Latreille, 1809:56. Type species: Dryinus aeneus Fabricius, 1804, designated by Latreille, 1810:438.

Lorrhoeum Shuckard, 1837:18. Type species: Chlorion compressum (Fabricius, 1804) [= Sphex compressus Fabricius, 1781], by original designation and monotypy.

Rhinopsis Westwood, 1844:68. Type species: Rhinopsis abbotti Westwood, 1844 [= Ampulex canaliculata Say, 1823, by monotypy.

Waagenia Kriechbaumer, 1874:55. Type species: Waagenia sikkimensis Kriechbaumer, 1874, by monotypy.

Chlorampulex de Saussure, 1892:441. Type species: Sphex compressus Fabricius, 1781, designated by Pate, 1937c:18.

compressa (Fabricius)

Sphex compressus Fabricius, 1781:445, sex not indicated (as compressa, incorrect original termination). Holotype or syntypes: India: Kerala: Malabar (BMNH, Banks coll.).  Fabricius, 1787:275, 1793:206.  As Chlorion compressum: Fabricius, 1804:219 (new combination, redescription); Gistel, 1848:142 (Bourbon Island, description); Lucas, 1879:CLIX (prey: Blatta americana).  As Chlorampulex compressa: de Saussure, 1892:443 (in key), 445 (new combination, redescription, Madagascar); Nagy, 1971:103 (s. India, Singapore).   As Ampulex compressa: Jurine, 1807:134 (new combination, comparison with Ampulex fasciata); Spinola, 1841:100 (diagnostic characters); Dahlbom, 1843:29 (redescription), 1845:439 (in key); F. Smith, 1856:268 (listed, wing venation variable), 1858a:99 (Moluccas, Borneo); Motschulsky, 1863:24 (Sri Lanka); Taschenberg, 1869:407 (India); Gerstaecker, 1871:852 (Kenya: Mombasa, Tanzania: Wanga); Radoszkowski, 1891:580 (male genitalia); Kohl, 1893d:474, 482 (redescribed in key), 491 (listed, synonymy), 1883e:183 (Zanzibar); Pérez, 1895b:210 (Seychelles Islands, as compressus); Bingham, 1896a:441 (Sri Lanka: Pundaluoya), 1897:254 (redescription; Oriental Region to Africa); Dalla Torre, 1897:373 (listed); Bingham, 1902:217 (Pemba Island), 1903a:67 (Pemba Island); Cameron, 1903c:238 (listed); Rothney, 1903:105 (India: West Bengal: Barrackpore); Ashmead, 1904d:151 (Philippines); Cameron, 1907e:76 (Seychelles Islands); Vachal, 1907:114 and 1908:23 (New Caledonia, as compressus); Kohl, 1909:369 (Kenya: Mombasa; Tanzania: Pemba Island); Turner, 1911b:368 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:71 (Réunion Island: life history); Dutt, 1912:227 (preying on Periplaneta americana, dragging paralyzed prey); R. Turner, 1919b:238 (New Caledonia); Arnold, 1928a:221 (revision); Williams, 1942:221 (life history); Giner Marí, 1945c:850 (India: Maharashtra: Bandra); Van Zwaluwenburg, 1950:14 (new to Molokai, Hawaii); Leclercq, 1954b:150 (Mauritius, Zanzibar, Ethiopia: Daghabur), 1961d:101 (Saussure's records from Madagascar are doubtful); van der Vecht, 1961a:11 (study of type); Guiglia, 1964:309 (southern Arabia); Begum and Bose, 1976:26 (Bangladesh: Dakka); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:77 (listed); Leclercq, 1976b:201 (St. Helena Island), 202 (Madagascar); Krombein, 1979a:6 (Sri Lanka, revision); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:110 (specimens in M. Spinola collection); Piek, Visser, and Veenendaal, 1984:195 (hunting and ovipositing, effects of sting on prey behavior); Wu and Chou, 1985:154 (in key); Begum, Bose, and Howlander, 1989:127 life history in Bangladesh); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascan records questionable); Begum, Khan, and Bose, 1995:174 (Bangladesh: Dhaka University Campus); Wu and Zhou, 1996:22 (revision in Economic Insect Fauna of China); Wcislo, 1998:181 (proportions of antennae in relations to parasitic/non-parasitic behavior); Libersat, Haspel, Casagrand, and Fouad, 1999:333 (the sting of prey’s subesophageal ganglion blocks fast motoneurons); Weisel-Eichler, Haspel, and Libersat, 1999:957 (sting induces prolonged grooming in prey).

Ampulex sinensis de Saussure, 1867:43, . Holotype or syntypes: , China: Hong Kong (NHMW). Synonymized with Ampulex compressa by Gerstaecker, 1871:852

Chlorampulex striolata de Saussure, 1892:446, . Holotype or syntypes: , Tanzania: Zanzibar: no specific locality (MHNG).  de Saussure, 1892:443 (in key).  As Ampulex striolata: Kohl, 1893d:502 (new combination, original description copied); Dalla Torre, 1897:377 (listed); Arnold, 1928a:227 (original description translated into English.

Astata Latreille, 1796:xiii. Emendation of Astatus Latreille, 1796:114.

Astatus Latreille, 1796:114 (no species included). Type species: Tiphia abdominalis Panzer, 1798 [= Sphex boops Schrank, 1781], designated by Latreille, 1802b:337 (first included species). See also International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1943a, Opinion 139.

Dimorpha Panzer, 1806:26. Type species: Tiphia abdominalis Panzer, 1798 [= Sphex boops Schrank, 1781], by monotypy.

blanda de Saussure

Astatus blandus de Saussure, 1892:519, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Anosibé in Bezanozano Province (MHNG).  As Astata blanda: Arnold, 1945:43 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:212 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascar: Tsimbazaza; keyed).

minax Arnold

Astata minax Arnold, 1945:43, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:212 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascar, keyed); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (one syntype in Bulawayo Museum).

ruficaudata hova Arnold

Astata ruficaudata hova Arnold, 1945:46, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN).  Leclercq, 1960a:96 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:213 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascar, keyed); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).

rufofemorata Arnold

Astata rufofemorata Arnold, 1945:44, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN).  Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:213 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (in key), 115 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).

Bembecinus A. Costa, 1859:4. Type species: Bembecinus meridionalis A. Costa, 1859, by monotypy.

Stizomorphus A. Costa, 1959:7. Type species: Vespa tridens Fabricius, 1781, by monotypy.

Gorystizus Minkiewicz, 1934:252. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13b).

Gorystizus Pate, 1937c:29. Type species: Vespa tridens Fabricius, 1781, by original designation. Validation of Gorystizus Minkiewicz, 1934.

Lavia Rayment, 1953:23. Nomen nudum.

assentator (Arnold)

Stizus assentator Arnold, 1945:72, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  As Bembecinus assentator: Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar, new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:530 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar; male sternum VII dentate).

brooksi R. Bohart

Bembecinus brooksi R. Bohart, 1997a:172, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara: Beza Mahafaly Reserve (UK).

hirtiusculus (Arnold)

Stizus hirtiusculus Arnold, 1945:74, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily (MNHN).  As Bembecinus hirtiusculus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:531 (new combination).

mirus (Arnold)

Stizus mirus Arnold, 1945:69, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Amboasary, Behara, Bekily (MNHN).  Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:40 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).  As Bembecinus mirus: Leclercq, 1961d:103 (Madagascar, new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:531 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

rectilateralis (Arnold)

Stizus rectilateralis Arnold, 1945:75, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Ranomafana (MNHN).  As Bembecinus rectilateralis: Leclercq, 1961d:103 (new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:532 (listed).

spinicornis (de Saussure)

Stizolarra spinicornis de Saussure, 1887:9, . Holotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MNHN); see de Saussure, 1892:468 for type status.  As Stizolarra spinicornis: de Saussure, 1892:467 (Madagascar, redescription).  As Stizus spinicornis: Handlirsch, 1892:42 (new combination, original description copied), 1895:972 (redescription); Dalla Torre, 1897:531 (listed).   As Bembecinus spinicornis: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:532 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar, type in MNHN); R. Bohart, 1997a:177 (discussion of synonymy with varians); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Stizus varians Arnold, 1945:73, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). Synonymized with Bembecinus spinicornis by Leclercq, 1990b:119.  As Bembecinus varians: Leclercq, 1961d:103 (Madagascar, new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:532 (listed).

wenzeli R. Bohart

Bembecinus wenzeli R. Bohart, 1997a:176, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara: 38 km N Toliara (KU).

Variant but improper spellings: Bembex and Bembyx (transfer from Bembex to Bembix does not require parentheses for the author: Article 51.3)

Bembix Fabricius, 1775: Characteres Generum, p. [= xxiii], no included species. Type species: Bembex rostrata of Fabricius, 1781 [= Apis rostrata Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Latreille, 1810:438 (one of three species included in Bembyx by Fabricius, 1775:361). Morice and Durrant (1915:400) gave the first type species designation for the spelling of Bembix: Apis rostrata Linnaeus, 1757.

Bembyx Fabricius, 1775:361. Lapsus for Bembix Fabricius, 1775.

Bembex Fabricius, 1776:122. Emendation of Bembix Fabricius, 1775.

Apobembex Pate, 1937c:9. Type species: Bembex oculata of Latreille, 1805 [= Bembex oculata Panzer, 1801], by original designation.

Epibembex Pate, 1937c:26. Type species: Apis rostrata Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.

hova de Saussure

Bembex hova de Saussure, 1892:457, , ( = Bembex madecassa). Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG), designated by Leclercq, 1961d:104.  Nec de Saussure, 1892:458 ( only) and Handlirsch, 1893:734 ( only) = Bembix madecassa; Kohl, 1909:373 (Madagascar: Andranohinaly).   As Bembix hova: Arnold, 1945:81 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar), 1961d:104 (Madagascar; in key); Bohart and Menke, 1976:546 (listed); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

As Bembex madecassa: Handlirsch, 1893:734, (Madagascar), corrected to Bembix hova by Arnold, 1945:81.

latebrosa Kohl

Bembex latebrosa Kohl, 1909:373, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Tulear (ZMHU or SIF).  As Bembix latebrosa: Arnold, 1945:83 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar), 1961d:104 (in key), 105 (Madagascar); Bohart and Menke, 1976:547 (listed).

madecassa de Saussure

Bembex madecassa de Saussure, 1890: pl. 11, fig. 2, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG).  de Saussure, 1892:456 (Madagascar, redescription); Handlirsch, 1893c:818 (revision), 1895:1003 (Comoro Islands); Kohl, 1909:373 (Madagascar: Tamatave, Toliara); R. Turner, 1911b:371 (Seychelles Islands).   As Bembix madecassa: J. Parker, 1929:139 (revision); Arnold, 1945:79 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar), 1961d:104 (in key), 105 (Madagascar); Bohart and Menke, 1976:547 (listed); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Bembix militaris de Saussure, 1890: pl. 11, figs. 3, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no specific locality (ZMHU). Synonymized with Bembix madecassa by Arnold, 1945:79.

Bembex madecassa de Saussure, 1891:260, . Objective synonym of Bembex madecassa de Saussure, 1891. Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG), unnecessary designation by Leclercq, 1961d:105.  de Saussure, 1892:456 (Madagascar, redescription).

Bembex militaris de Saussure, 1891:260, . Objective synonym of Bembex militaris de Saussure, 1890. Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), unnecessary designation by Leclercq, 1961d:105

Bembix militaris de Saussure, 1892:459, . Objective synonym of Bembex madecassa de Saussure, 1890.

Bembex crinita de Saussure, 1891:260, . Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), designated by Leclercq, 1961d:105. Synonymized with Bembix madecassa by de Saussure, 1892:456.

As Bembex hova: de Saussure, 1892:458 ( only) and Handlirsch, 1893c:734 (revision, only), corrected to Bembix madecassa by Arnold, 1945:79.

Carinostigmus Tsuneki, 1954a:3. Types species: Stigmus congruus Walker, 1860, by original designation.

Perissostigmus Krombein, 1984c:18, as subgenus of Carinostigmus. Type species: Carinostigmus bucheilus Krombein, by original designation and monotypy.

nubilipennis (Arnold)

Stigmus nubilipennis Arnold, 1945:149, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Ambositra, Bekily, Ivondro, Ranomafana (MNHN).  Arnold, 1945:149 (in key).  As Carinostigmus nubilipennis: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:191 (listed; new combination).

tenellus (Arnold)

Stigmus tenellus Arnold, 1945:151, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  Arnold, 1945:149 (in key).  As Carinostigmus tenellus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:191 (listed; new combination).

Cerceris Latreille, 1802b:367. Type species: Philanthus ornatus Fabricius, 1790 [= Sphex rybyensis Linnaeus, 1771], designated by Latreille, 1810:438.

Nectanebus Spinola, 1839:489. Type species: Nectanebus fischeri Spinola, 1839, secondary homomym of Cerceris fischeri Spinola, 1839 [= Nectanebus histerisnicus Spinola, 1839], designated by Pate, 1937c:42 (said to be by original designation). Synonymized with Cerceris Latreille, 1802, by R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:55.

Diamma Dahlbom, 1844:225. Type species: Diamma spinolae Dahlbom, 1844 [= Cerceris binodis Spinola, 1841], by monotypy. Junior homonym of Diamma Westwood, 1835.

Didesmus Dahlbom, 1845:502 Replacement name for Diamma Dahlbom, 1844.

Apiraptrix Shestakov, 1923:101. Type species: Cerceris rybyensis (Linnaeus, 1771) [= Sphex rybyensis Linnaeus, 1771], by original designation.  Apiratryx Balthasar, 1972:387 and 397 (lapsus).

Paracerceris Brèthes, 1913b:127. Type species: Paracerceris tridentifera Brèthes, 1913 [= Cerceris pollens Schletterer, 1887, by monotypy.

Apicerceris Minkiewicz, 1934:253. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13b).

Bucerceris Minkiewicz, 1934:253. Type species: Cerceris bupresticida Dufour, 1841, by monotypy.

Stercobata Gussakovskij, 1935:445. Type species: Cerceris bupresticida Dufour, 1841, by monotypy.

Apicerceris Pate, 1937c:8. Type species: Sphex rybyensis Linnaeus, 1771, by original designation. Validation of Apicerceris Minkiewicz, 1934.

Cerceris aemula Arnold, 1945:37, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ivondro (MNHN).  Empey, 1969a:300 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:576 (listed); Empey, 1983:163 (type examined, reference to holotype incorrect).

Cerceris aemuloides Leclercq, 1962b:209, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Rogez (MRAC).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:579 (listed); Empey, 1983:163 (listed).

argentifrons Guérin-Méneville

Cerceris argentifrons Guérin-Méneville, 1844:445, []. Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (Genova), designated by Guiglia, 1948b:179 (Article 74.6).  F. Smith, 1856:450 (listed); Schletterer, 1887:486 (listed); de Saussure, 1892:555 (original description copied); Guiglia, 1948b:179 (type in Genova), 187 (redescription).  Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar), 1962b:211 (Madagascar: Bekily); Empey, 1969a:301 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:577 (listed); Empey, 1983:164 (listed).

Cerceris albotegulata Arnold, 1945:40, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily, Behara, Ivondro (MNHN). Synonymized with Cerceris argentifrons by Guiglia, 1948b:187, by Leclercq, 1961d:102, and conditionally by Empey, 1969a:301.  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:577 (as questionable synonym of Cerceris argentifrons); Empey, 1983:164 (reference to holotype is incorrect); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).

beharensis Leclercq

Cerceris beharensis Leclercq, 1967b:63, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Behara (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:577 (listed); Empey, 1983:166 (listed).

clypearis de Saussure

Cerceris clypearis de Saussure, 1887:25, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MNHN, now probably lost: Empey, 1983:167). – de Saussure, 1892:541 (Madagascar, redescription); Arnold, 1945:22 (Madagascar; redescription); Empey, 1969a:303 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:579 (listed); Empey, 1983:167 (type material missing).

dentiventris Arnold

Cerceris dentiventris Arnold, 1945:35, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily, Ivondro (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:579 (listed); Empey, 1983:167 (listed, holotype examined); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island, as dentriventris), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae, as dentriventris).

duchesnei Arnold

Cerceris duchesnei Arnold, 1945:31, , (as Duchesnei, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Ambovimbi, Antananarivo, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar); Empey, 1969a:305 (listed, as duchnesei); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:580 (listed); Empey, 1983:169 (listed, holotype examined).

formidolosa de Saussure

Cerceris formidolosa de Saussure, 1891:261, . Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), designated by Empey, 1983:171 (Article 74.6).  de Saussure, 1892:547 (Madagascar, redescription); Arnold, 1945:41 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1962b:211 (Madagascar: Rogez); Empey, 1969a:308 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:581 (listed); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

gallienii Arnold

Cerceris gallienii Arnold, 1945:32, , (as Gallienii, incorrect original capitalization). Lectotype: , Madagascar: Fort Dauphin (MNHN), designated by Empey, 1983:172 (Article 74.6).  Leclercq, 1962b:211 (Madagascar: Rogez); Empey, 1969a:308 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:581 (listed, as gallieni); Empey, 1983:172 (listed); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).

Cerceris augagneuri Arnold, 1945:34, , (as Augagneuri, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Antsirabé (MNHN). Synonymized with Cerceris gallienii by Leclercq, 1962b:211.  Empey, 1969a:302 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:577 (listed); Empey, 1983:165 (listed, type examined).

Cerceris Gallienii var. bekiliensis Arnold, 1945:34, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN), designated by Empey, 1983:173 (Article 74.6).  As Cerceris gallieni bekilensis: Empey, 1969a:308 (new status, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:581 (listed); Empey, 1983:172 (listed).

Cerceris hildebrandti de Saussure, 1891:261, (as Hildebrandti, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or syntypes: Madagascar: , no specific locality (missing: Empey, 1983:173).  Empey, 1969a:301 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:582 (listed).

Cerceris lateridentata Arnold, 1945:26, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN), designated by Empey, 1983:177 (Article 74.6).  Empey, 1969a:312 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:583 (listed).

Cerceris nenicra de Saussure, 1887:25, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Nosibe (MHNG), designated by Empey, 1983:180.  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:584 (listed).  As Cerceris nenitra (a misspelling): de Saussure, 1892:551 (Madagascar, redescription); R. Turner, 1911b:370 (Seychelles Islands); Arnold, 1945:42 (Madagascar; redescription); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles, as renitra); Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar), 1962b:212 (Madagascar); Empey, 1969a:316 (listed).

Cerceris perfoveata Arnold, 1947:167, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN). Synonymized with Cerceris nenicra by Empey, 1983:180.  Empey, 1969a:318 (listed, possibly dark form of Cerceris nenit ra); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:585 (listed).

Cerceris paleata de Saussure, 1891:262, . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Andreagoloka (MHNG), designated by Empey, 1983:182 (Article 74.6).  de Saussure, 1892:543 (Madagascar, redescription); Arnold, 1945:24 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1962b:212 (Madagascar: Mandraka); Empey, 1969a:318 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:585 (listed).

Cerceris carnaria de Saussure, 1892:545, . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo and Bezanozano Province: Anosibé (MHNG). Synonymized with Cerceris paleata by Arnold, 1945:24.

Cerceris perfida de Saussure, 1890:pl. 19 fig. 10, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG).  de Saussure, 1892:549 (Madagascar, redescription); Arnold, 1945:23 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1962b:212 (Madagascar: Rogez); Empey, 1969a:318 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:585 (listed); Empey, 1983:183 (listed, type examined); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:38 (specimen in Bulawayo Museum).

Cerceris perfida de Saussure, 1891:262, . Objective synonym of Cerceris perfida de Saussure, 1890.

Cerceris spinifrons de Saussure, 1891:262, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG, type missing: Empey, 1983:183). Synonymized with Cerceris perfida by Arnold, 1945:23.

Cerceris petiolata de Saussure, 1891:261, . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Andreagoloka (MHNG), designated by Empey, 1983:183.  Arnold, 1945:38 (Madagascar; redescription); Empey, 1969a:318 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:585 (listed); Empey, 1983:183 (listed).

Cerceris petiolata de Saussure, 1892:555, . Objective synonym of Cerceris petiolata de Saussure, 1891.

Cerceris rasoherinae Arnold, 1945:29, , (as Rasoherinae, incorrect original capitalization). Lectotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN), designated by Empey, 1983:184 (Article 74.6).  Empey, 1969a:320 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:586 (listed).

Cerceris rasoherinae var. debilis Arnold, 1945:30, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN), designated by Empey, 1983:185 (Article 74.6). Synonymized with Cerceris rasoherinae by Empey, 1983:202.  As Cerceris rasoherinae debilis: Empey, 1969a:320 (new status); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:586 (listed).

seyrigi Arnold

Cerceris seyrigi Arnold, 1945:27, , nec (as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Lectotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN), designated by Empey, 1983:188 (Article 74.6).  Empey, 1969a:322 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:587 (listed); Empey, 1983:188 (the described by Arnold is an undescribed species).

spirans de Saussure

Cerceris spirans de Saussure, 1892:553, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Bezanozano Province: Anosibé (MHNG), designated by Empey, 1983:189.  Arnold, 1945:19 (citation); Empey, 1969a:323 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:587 (listed).

Cerceris xanthostigma Arnold, 1945:39, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Rogez in East Coast Forest (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:589 (listed); Empey, 1983:193 (listed, type examined).

CHALYBION

Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843:21. Type species: "Chalybion caeruleum" [= Sphex caeruleus of Linnaeus, 1767:941 = Sphex caeruleus Linnaeus, 1763 (nec Sphex caeruleus Linnaeus, 1758) = Sphex cyaneus Fabricius, 1775 (nec Sphex cyaneus Linnaeus, 1758) = Pelopeus (sic) californicus de Saussure, 1867], designated by Patton, 1880a:378.

Chalybium Agassiz, 1846:77. Emendation of Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843.

Chalybium W. Schulz, 1906:192. Emendation of Chalybion Dahlbom, 1843, homonym of Chalybium Agassiz, 1846.

Hemichalybion Kohl, 1918:79. Type species: Pelopoeus eckloni Dahlbom, 1845, designated by Pate, 1937c:30.

bonneti Leclercq

Chalybion bonneti Leclercq, 1966:55, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: Tamatave (FSAG).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:102 (listed); Hensen, 1988:25 (revision).

madecassum (Gribodo)

Pelopoeus madecassus Gribodo, 1883a:263, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (Genova), designated by Hensen, 1988:27.  As Sceliphron madecassum: Kohl, 1906a:193, 196 (in key), 1909:370 (Comoro Islands); Turner, 1911b:368 (Seychelles Islands); Kohl, 1918:65 (revision); Arnold, 1945:86 (Madagascar).   As Chalybion madecassum: Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles); Leclercq, 1961d:106 (Madagascar), 1966:56 (comparison with Chalybion bonnenti; Hensen, 1988:27 (revision); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:831 (Seychelles Islands); Madl, 1997:819 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

As Sceliphron violaceum: de Saussure, 1892:449 (Madagascar), corrected to Sceliphron madecassum by Kohl, 1906a:193; Friederichs, 1918:33, 42 (life history) and von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Antananarivo, Diego Suarez), corrected to Chalybion madecassum by Hensen, 1988:27; Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1950:75 (new to Seychelles Islands), corrected to Chalybion madecassum by Hensen, 1988:27.

Sceliphron purpurascens Pérez, 1895:211, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MNHN), designated by Hensen, 1988:27. Synonymized with Sceliphron madecassum by Kohl, 1906a:193.

As Sceliphron bengalense: Cameron, 1907:76 (Seychelles Islands), corrected to Sceliphron madecassum by R. Turner, 1911b:369.

Chlorion Latreille, 1802b:333. Type species: Sphex lobatus Fabricius, 1775, by monotypy.

Chlorium W. Schulz, 1906:193. Emendation of Chlorion Latreille, 1802.

maxillosum ciliatum (Fabricius)

Sphex ciliatus Fabricius, 1787:275, sex not indicated (as ciliata, incorrect original termination). Holotype: , India (in error): no specific locality (ZMK).  Dalla Torre, 1897:418 (listed).  As Pronoeus ciliatum: Dahlbom, 1845:XXII (new combination, listed).  As Chlorion ciliatum: Fabricius, 1804:218 (new combination, redescription); van der Vecht, 1961a:35 (redescription of holotype); Leclercq, l969:1047 (Congo Brazzaville).  As Chlorion maxillosum ciliatum: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:90 (listed); Dollfuss, 1990:122 (Central African Republic).

Sphex xanthoceros Illiger, 1801:193,: Sierra Leone.   Synonymized with Chlorion ciliatum by van der Vecht, 1961a:36.  Strand, 1916b:102 (Angola: Benguela; original description copied and discussed).  As Sphex xanthocerus: Kohl, 1890:183 (revision), 1883e:183 (Tanzania: Bagamoyo); Bingham, 1902:215 (Malawi); Brauns, 1911a:118 (South Africa: Orange Free State); Morice, 1911:74 (Algeria: Bône); Bischoff, 1912:221 (Zaire: Kivu: N shore of Lake Kivu); Mantero, 1915:324 (Libya); Gennerich, 1922:41 (morphology); Berland, 1925c:154 (Angola), 1926b:164 (miscellaneous locality records); Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire); Valdeyron-Fabre, 1952:107 (prey: Brachytrypes megacephalus Lepeletier), 1955:152 (preying behavior); Berland, 1956:1162 (in revision of African Sphecini).  As Chlorion xanthocerum: Arnold, 1928c:347 (revision), 1943:77 (Zaire).  As Chlorion xanthoceros: Leclercq, 1955h:40 (bibliographic references, variation), 43 (locality records), 1955i:405 (Rwanda), 1961b:47 (Zaire, as xanthoceros xanthoceros).

Chlorion mandibulare Fabricius, 1804:218, . Syntypes: Guinea: no specific locality (ZMK). Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183.  de Saussure, 1867:37 (review of variation).   As Pronaeus mandibularis: F. Smith, 1856:239 (listed); Magretti, 1884b:578 (Sudan: Bahr el Salaam); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:110 (specimens in M. Spinola collection).  As Sphex mandibularis: Kohl, 1885b:175 (in revision of Palearctic Sphex); Ed. André, 1888:122 (in revision of Sphecidae of Europe and Algeria), 6* (bibliographic references).   As Chlorion ciliatum mandibulare: van der Vecht, 1961a:37 (new status, redescription of syntypes).

Pepsis maxillaris Palisot de Beauvois, 1805:plate 1.   As Pronaeus maxillaris: Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:331 (revision); F. Smith, 1856:239 (listed); Radoszkowski, 1881:211 (Angola); Magretti, 1884b:579 (Sudan: Bahr el Salaam); Bradley, 1957:43 (Lepeletier's specimens in Turin); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:110 (specimens in M. Spinola collection).  As Sphex maxillaris: Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire).  As Sphex xanthocerus var. maxillaris: Kohl, 1883e:183 (Mozambique); W. Fox, 1896e:551 (Ethiopia: the Haud tribal area); Bischoff, 1912:221 (border of Zaire and Uganda); Berland, 1952b:275 (boundary of Ivory Coast, Guinea, and Liberia: Mt. Nimba), 1956:1163 (in revision of African Sphecini).  As Chlorion maxillaris: Gribodo, 1894:137 (Mozambique: Magnarra River).  As Chlorion xanthocerum var. maxillaris: Arnold, 1928c:348 (revision); Scott in Arnold, 1933a:370 (Ethiopia: Harar District and Buno, as maxillare); Guiglia, 1940b:287 (Somalia).  As Chlorion xanthocerus maxillaris: Arnold, 1943:78 (Zaire); de Beaumont, 1962b:32 (redescription).  As Chlorion xanthoceros maxillare: Leclercq, 1955h:43 (locality records), 1961b:48 (Zaire).

Chlorion varipenne Reiche and Fairmaire, 1850:451, sex not indicated. Holotype or syntypes: Ethiopia: no specific locality (MNHN?). Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183.  F. Smith, 1856:246 (listed).

Pronaeus instabilis F. Smith, 1856:240, , . Syntypes: Guinea, Congo: no specific locality (BMNH). Synonymized with Chlorion ciliatum by van der Vecht, 1961a:36.  Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183.  Magretti, 1884b:580 (Sudan: Bahr el Salaam).  As Sphex xanthocerus var. instabilis: Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire); Berland, 1956:1164 (in revision of African Sphecini).  As Chlorion xanthocerum var. instablis: Arnold, 1928c:349 (original description copied).  As Chlorion xanthoceros instabile: Leclercq, 1955h:44 (locality records), 1961b:48 (Zaire).

Pronaeus affinis F. Smith, 1856:240, , . Syntypes: South Africa: Natal: Port Natal (BMNH). Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183.

Chlorion fulvipes Gerstaecker in Peters, 1858:510, . Holotype or syntypes: , Mozambique: no specific locality (ZMHU). Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183.  Taschenberg, 1880:776 (description of ).

Chlorion subcyaneum Gerstaecker in Peters, 1858:511, . Holotype or syntypes: , Mozambique: no specific locality (ZMHU). Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183.  As Sphex xanthoceros var. subcyaneus: Strand, 1916b:102 (Tanzania: Bagamoyo, as subcyanbeum); Berland, 1952b:275 (boundary of Ivory Coast, Guinea, and Liberia: Mt. Nimba), 1956:1164 (in revision of African Sphecini).  As Chlorion xanthocerum var. subcyaneum: Arnold, 1928c:348 (revision).  As Chlorion xanthoocerum subcyaneum: Arnold, 1943:78 (Zaire).  As Sphex subcyaneus: Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire).

Chlorion fulvipes Gerstaecker, 1862:482, . Objective synonym of Chlorion fulvipes Gerstaecker, 1858.

Chlorion subcyaneum Gerstaecker, 1862:482. Objective synonym of Chlorion subcyaneum Gerstaecker, 1858.

Chlorion zonatum de Saussure, 1867:36, . Holotype or syntypes: , Guinea: no specific locality (NHMW). Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183 (or an earlier author?).  As Chlorion xanthocerum var. zonatum: Arnold, 1928c:349 (revision).   As Sphex zonatus: Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire).  As Sphex xanthocerus var. zonatus: Berland, 1956:1165 (in revision of African Sphecini).

Sphex mandibularis  var. unicolor de Saussure, 1867:37, sex not indicated. Holotype or syntypes: Mozambique (NHMW). Synonymized with Sphex xanthocerus by Kohl, 1890:183. – As Chlorion xanthocerum var. unicolor: Arnold, 1928c:348 (revision).  As Chlorion xanthocerum unicolor: Arnold, 1943:78 (Zaire).  As Sphex unicolor: Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire).  As Chlorion xanthoceros unicolor: Leclercq, 1955h:42 (locality records).

? Sphex cyanescens  Radoszkowski, 1881:209, . Holotype or syntypes: , Angola: Humbe (Kraków).  As questionabale synonym of Chlorion maxillosum ciliatum: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:90 (listed).

Chlorion columbianum  Gribodo, 1883a:262, . Lectotype: , Colombia: Caracas (Genova), designated by Menke in  Bohart and Menke, 1976:90. Synonymized with Chlorion maxillosum ciliatum by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:90.

Sphex massaicus Cameron, 1908a:262, , . Syntypes: Kenya: Mount Meru: Ngare na nyuki (NRS). Synonymized with Chlorion xanthocerum by R. Turner, 1913:746 and with Sphex xantocerum by Berland, 1926b:164.

Sphex levilabris Cameron, 1910:137, . Holotype or syntypes: , South Africa: Transvaal: Kranspoort (TMP). Synonymized with Chlorion xanthocerum var. maxillaris by Arnold, 1928c:348.

Sphex xanthoceros  var. kigonseranus Strand, 1916:102, , (as kigonserana,, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: German East Africa: Kigonsera (DEI). Synonymized with Chlorion maxillosum ciliatum  by Menke in  Bohart and Menke, 1976:90. - Berland, 1956:1163 (in revision of African Sphecini, as kingiserana);. - As Chlorion xanthoceros kigonseranum:: Leclercq, 1953b:211 (first record from Madagascar), Leclercq, 1955h:42 (locality records), 1961b:49 (Rwanda).

CROSSOCERUS

Crossocerus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:763. Type species: Crabro scutatus Fabricius, 1787 [= Sphex palmipes Linnaeus, 1767], designated by Westwood, 1839:80.

Blepharipus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:728. Type species: Blepharipus nigritus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835, designated by Ashmead, 1899d:215. Westwood's (1939:80) designataion of Crabro dimidiatus Fabricius, 1781, as type species of Blepharipus is invalid since this species was only questionably included in the taxon by Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé (1835:731).

Cuphopterus A. Morawitz, 1866:252. Type species: Crabro subulatus Dahlbom, 1845, by monotypy, = Blepharipus of authors accepting Westwood's type species designation.

Coelocrabro Thomson, 1874:262. Type species: Crabro pubescens Shuckard, 1837 [= Blepharipus nigritus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835], designated by Richards, 1935a:166.

Hoplocrabro Thomson, 1874:262. Type species: Crabro quadrimaculatus Fabricius, , 1793, by monotypy.

Microcrabro de Saussure, 1892:574. Type species: Crabro micromegas de Saussure, 1892, by monotypy.

Dolichocrabro Ashmead, 1899d:216. Type species: Dolichocrabro wickhami Ashmead, 1899, by original designation.

Epicrossocerus Ashmead, 1899d:215. Type species: Crabro insolens W. Fox, 1895, by original designation.

Stenocrabro Ashmead, 1899d:216. Type species: Crabro planipes W. Fox, 1895, by original designation.

Synorhopalum Ashmead, 1899d:218. Type species: Crabro decorus W. Fox, 1895, by original designation.

Ischnolynthus Holmberg, 1903:472. Type species: Ischnolynthus foveolatus Holmberg, 1903 [= Crabro elongatulus Vander Linden, 1892], by monotypy.

Ablepharipus Perkins, 1913b:390. Type species: Ablepharipus podagricus (Vander Linden, 1829) [= Crabro podagricus Vander Linden, 1829, by monotypy.

Acanthocrabro Perkins, 1913b:391. Type species: Acanthocrabro vagabundus (Panzer, 1798) [= Crabro vagabundus Panzer , 1798], by monotypy, = Blepharipus of Leclercq, 1954.

Apocrabro Pate, 1944a:282. Type species: Crossocerus aeta Pate, 1944, by original designation.

Nothocrabro Pate, 1944a:314. Type species: Crabro nitidiventris W. Fox, 1895, by original designation.

Stictoptila Pate, 1944a:315. Type species: Crabro confertus W. Fox, 1895 [= Crabro maculipennis F. Smith, 1856], by original designation.

Yuchiba Pate, 1944a:272. Type species: Crossocerus xanthochilos Pate, 1944, by original designation.

Ainocrabro Tsuneki, 1954b:74. Type species: Crossocerus aino (Tsuneki, 1947) [= Crabro aino Tsuneki, 19947], by original designation.

Oxycrabro Leclercq, 1961h:74. Type species: Crabro acanthophorus Kohl, 1892, by original designation.

Paroxycrabro Leclercq, 1963:2. Type species: Crossocerus sotirus Leclercq, 1963, by original designation and monotypy.

Alicrabro Tsuneki, 1968g:7. Type species: Crossocerus rufiventris Tsuneki, 1968, by original designation and monotypy.

Apoides Tsuneki, 1968g: 5. Type species: Crossocerus alticola Tsuneki, 1968, by original designation and monotypy.

Neoblepharipus Leclercq, 1968c:98. Type species: Crossocerus potosusLeclercq, 1968, by original designation.

Towada Tsuneki, 1970f:1. Type species: Crossocerus leclercqi Tsuneki, 1959 [= Crabro flavitarsus Tsuneki, 1947], by original designation and monotypy.

Bnunius Tsuneki, 1971a:15. Type species: Crossocerus domicola Tsuneki, 1971, by original designation.

Fentis Tsuneki, 1971a:13. Type species: Crossocerus quinquedentatus Tsuneki, 1971, by original designation and monotypy.

Ornicrabro Leclercq, 1973c:291. Type species: Crossocerus flavissimus Leclercq, 1973, by original designation and monotypy.

Corenocrabro Tsuneki, 1974a:374. Type species: Corenocrabro ectemiformis Tsuneki, 1974, by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Crossocerus by Marshakov, 1979a:96 and by Nemkov in Nemkov, Kazenas, Budrys, and Antropov, 1995:428 (as new synonym).

Thao Tsuneki, 1982e:33, as subgenus of Crossocerus. Type species: Crossocerus nitidicorpus Tsuneki, 1968, by original designation and monotypy.

Orthocrabro Tsuneki, 1990a:87, as subgenus of Crossocerus. Type species: Crossocerus hirashimai Tsuneki, 1966, by original designation and monotypy.

Yambal Tsuneki, 1990a:90, as subgenus of Crossocerus. Type species: Crossocerus minor Tsuneki, 1990, by original designation and monotypy.

Corenocrabro Tsuneki, 1991:202, junior homonym of Corenocrabro Tsuneki, 1974. Not available: nomen nudum and type not designated (Article 13b).

brunniventris bekiliensis (Arnold)

Crabro brunniventris race bekiliensis Arnold, 1945:180, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  Leclercq, 1954c:221 (listed), 304 (nest and prey records); 1958a:14, footnote (diagnostic characters), 17 (Madagascar: Bekily, Ivondro).  As Crossocerus brunniventris bekiliensis: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:400 (new status, listed).

hirtitibia (Arnold)

Crabro hirtitibia Arnold, 1945:179, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  As Crossocerus hirtitibia: Leclercq, 1954c:236 (new combination, listed), 1958a:13 (in key), 25 (Madagascar: Bekily); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:401 (listed); Rodgers and Homewood, 1982:233 (Tanzania: Usambara Mountains).

micromegas (de Saussure)

Crabro micromegas de Saussure, 1892:575, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Anatananarivo (MHNG). – Dalla Torre, 1897:610 (in catalog of world Sphecidae).  As Microcrabro micromegas: Arnold, 1945:185 (Madagascar).  As Crossocerus micromegas: Leclercq, 1954c:221 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:402 (listed).

Dasyproctus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:801. Type species: Dasyproctus bipunctatus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835, by monotypy.

Megapodium Dahlbom, 1844:295. Type species: Megapodium westermanni Dahlbom, 1844, , designated by Pate, 1937c:37.

Megalopodium W. Schulz, 1906:202. Emendation of Megapodium Dahlbom, 1844.

Bishamon Tsuneki, 1983h:17, as subgenus of Dasyproctus. Type species: Dasyproctus guadalensis Tsuneki, 1983, by original designation and monotypy.

crudelis (de Saussure)

Crabro crudelis de Saussure, 1892:579, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antananarivo area (MHNG).  Arnold, 1945:170 (Madagascar; revision).  As Dasyproctus crudelis: Leclercq, 1954c:261 (new combination, listed), 1958a:50 (in key), 75 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:420 (listed); Leclercq, 1990a:233, 234, and 242 (in key), 250 (bibliographic references, shape of frontal carina), 1991d:19 (summary of collecting localities).

ferox (de Saussure)

Crabro ferox de Saussure, 1892:580, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo area, Anosibé in Bezanozano Province (MHNG).  Arnold, 1945:171 (Madagascar; revision).   As Dasyproctus ferox: Leclercq, 1954c:258 (new combination, listed), 1958a:39 (in key), 63 (additional description), 1961b:87 (additional Madagascan records), 1961d:117 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:420 (listed); Leclercq, 1990a:225 and 237 (in key), 250 (bibliographic references), 1991d:19 (summary of collecting localities); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Crabro immanis de Saussure, 1892:581, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Anosibé in Bezanozano Province (MHNG). Synonymized with Crabro ferox by Arnold, 1945:171.  Dalla Torre, 1897:604 (in catalog of world Sphecidae).

lambertoni Leclercq

Dasyproctus lambertoni Leclercq, 1958a:63, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Fanovana District: Madag (USNM).  Leclercq, 1958a:38 (in key), 63, 1961d:117 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (listed); Leclercq, 1990a:224 and 236 (in key, ), 252 (bibliographic reference; Madagascar: Angavoleky), 1991d:24 (summary of collecting localities).

saevus (de Saussure)

Crabro saevus de Saussure, 1892:579, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo area (MHNG).  Dalla Torre, 1897:624 (in catalog of world Sphecidae); Arnold, 1945:172 (Madagascar; redescription).  As Dasyproctus saevus: Leclercq, 1954c:261 (new combination, listed), 1958a:54 (in key), 86 (diagnostic characters); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (listed); Leclercq, 1990a:233, 234, 238, and 239 (in key), 252 (bibliographic references), 1991d:28 (relation to medicus, summary of collecting localities).

Thyreopus stevensoni Arnold, 1926:369, , (as Stevensoni, incorrect original capitalization), primary homonym of Thyreopus stevensoni Arnold, 1926:344. Syntypes: Zimbabwe: Bulawayo (SAM). Synonymized with Dasyproctus saevus by Leclercq, 1990a:253.   As Crabro stevensoni: Arnold, 1940:135 (new combination, preoccupied).  As Dasyproctus stevensoni: Schouteden, 1930:94 (new combination, Zaire); Leclercq, 1954c:260 (listed), 1958a:51 (in key), 88 (diagnostic characters), 1961b:82 (Zaire: Garamba National Park); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (listed).

Crabro stevensonianus Arnold, 1940:135 (as Stevensonianus, incorrect original capitalization). Replacement name for Thyreopus stevensoni Arnold, 1926:369.  As Dasyproctus stevensonianus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (as synonym of Dasyproctus stevensoni); Dollfuss, 1990a:122 (Central African Republic, as stephensonianus).

Crabro stevensonianus occidentalis Arnold, 1951:164, . Holotype: , Ghana: Aburi (BMNH). Synonymized with Dasyproctus stevensoni by Leclercq, 1954c:259.

saussurei (Kohl)

Crabro saussurei Kohl, 1894:282, (as Saussurei, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (NHMW).  Dalla Torre, 1897:624 (in catalog of world Sphecidae); W. Schulz, 1911:185 (as new synonym of Crabro crudelis); Arnold, 1945:174 (synonymy with Crabro crudelis invalid).  As Dasyproctus saussurei: Leclercq, 1954c:261 (new combination, listed), 1958a:50 (in key), 75 (listed; female head longer than in other Dasyproctus), 1961b:87 (Madagascar: Mailaka); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:421 (listed); Dollfuss, 1989:9 (holotype in NHMW); Leclercq, 1990a:234 and 242 (in key), 254 (bibliographic references), 1991d:31 (relations to crudelis, summary of collecting localities).

Crabro infrarugosus Arnold, 1945:173, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Rogez (MNHN). Synonymized with Dasyproctus saussurei by Leclercq, 1958a:75.  As Dasyproctus infrarugosus: Leclercq, 1954c:261 (new combination, listed).

Daycatinca Argaman, 1985:7. Type species: Heterogyna fantsilotra Day, 1984, by original designation.

Daya Antropov and Gorbatovskiy, 1992:58 (as subgenus of Heterogyna). Type species: Heterogyna madecassa Day, 1984, by original designation.

Key: Argaman, 1985:10

fantsilotra (Day)

Heterogyna fantsilotra Day, 1984:306, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara: Bereboka (BMNH).  As Daycatinca fantsilotra: Argaman, 1985:8 (new combination), 10 (in key).

madecassa (Day)

Heterogyna madecassa Day, 1984:305, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Toliara: Bereboka (BMNH).   As Daycatinca madecassa: Argaman, 1985:8 (new combination), 10, 11 (in key)..

ravenala (Day)

Heterogyna ravenala Day, 1984:306, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Tamatave: Périnet, now Andasibé (BMNH).  As Daycatinca ravenala: Argaman, 1985:8 (new combination), 10, 11 (in key).

Dolichurus Latreille, 1809:387. Type species: Pompilus corniculus Spinola, 1808, designated by Latreille, 1810:438.

Thyreosphex Ashmead, 1904:282. Type species: Thyreosphex stantoni Ashmead, 1904, by monotypy.

secundus de Saussure

Dolichurus secundus de Saussure, 1892:450, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG).  Kohl, 1893d:510 (revision); Dalla Torre, 1897:371 (listed); Arnold, 1945:83 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1961d:101 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:69 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:114 (Madagascar), Madl, 1997:819 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island) 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Dolichurus tertius de Saussure, 1892:452, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: Anosibé in Bezanozano Province (MHNG). Synonymized with Dolichurus secundus by Arnold, 1945:83.  Kohl, 1893d:512 (revision); Dalla Torre, 1897:371 (listed).

Ectemnius Dahlbom, 1845:389. Type species: "E. guttatus, Dahlb." [= Crabro guttatus of Dahlbom, 1845 = Crabro guttatus Vander Linden, 1829], designated by Ashmead, 1899d:172.

Clytochrysus A. Morawitz, 1864:453. Type species: Crabro chrysostomus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835 [= Crabro lapidarius Panzer, 1804], designated by Richards, 1935a:168.

Thyreocerus A. Costa, 1871:65. Type species: Crabro crassicornis Spinola, 1808, by monotypy.

Mesocrabro C. Verhoeff, 1892:70. Type species: Crabro guttatus Vander Linden, 1829, designated by Pate, 1937c:38.

Hypocrabro Ashmead, 1899d:168. Type species: Crabro decemmaculatus Say, 1823, by original designation.

Nesocrabro R. Perkins, 1899:25. Type species: Crabro rubrocaudatus Blackburn, 1887, designated by Pate, 1937c:42.

Pseudocrabro Ashmead, 1899d:169. Type species: Crabro chrysarginus of Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845 [= Crabro chrysargyrus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835 = Crabro decemmaculatus Say, 1823], by original designation.

Xestocrabro Ashmead, 1899d:169. Type species: Crabro sexmaculatus Say, 1823 [= Crabro continuus Fabricius, 1804], by original designation.

Xylocrabro Ashmead, 1899d:169. Type species: Crabro stirpicola Packard, 1866, by original designation.

Metacrabro Ashmead, 1899d:169. Type species: Crabro kollari Dahlbom, 1845 [= Crabro lituratus Panzer, 1804, by original designation.

Protothyreopus Ashmead, 1899d:170. Type species: Crabro rufifemur Packard, 1866, by original designation.

Oreocrabro R. Perkins, 1902:146. Type species: Crabro abnormis Blackkburn, 1886, by original designation.

Hylocrabro R. Perkins, 1902:147. Type species: Crabro tumidoventris R. Perkins, 1899, by original designation.

Melanocrabro R. Perkins, 1902:147. Type species: Crabro curtipes R. Perkins, 1899, by original designation.

Xenocrabro R. Perkins, 1902:148. Type species: Crabro unicolor F. Smith, 1856, by original designation.

Lophocrabro Rohwer, 1916b:667. Type species: Crabro singularis F. Smith, 1856 [= Vespa maculosa Gmelin, 1790], by original designation.

Merospis Pate, 1941c:121. Type species: Ectemnius cyanauges Pate, 1941, by original designation and monotypy.

Cameronitus Leclercq, 1950b:14. Type species: Ectemnius menyllus (Cameron,1905) [= Crabro menyllus Cameron, 1905, by original designation and monotypy.

Protectemnius Leclercq, 1951j:105. Type species: Crabro tabanicida Fischer, 1929, by original designation and monotypy.

Yanonius Tsuneki, 1956e:129. Type species: Crabro martjanowi F. Morawitz, 1892, by original designation and monotypy.

Policrabro Leclercq, 1958c:106. Type species: Crossocerus krusemani Leclercq, 1950, by original designation.

Iwataia Tsuneki, 1959e:8. Type species: Crabro furuichii Iwata, 1934, by original designation and monotypy.

Leocrabro Leclercq, 1968e:300. Type species: Ectemnius leonesus Leclercq, 1968, by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Protectemnius Leclercq, 1951:105 by Leclercq, 1991b:26.

Ceratocrabro Tsuneki, 1970f:1. Type species: Ectemnius shimoyamai Tsuneki, 1958, by original designation and monotypy.

Papuacrabro Tsuneki, 1983h:22, as subgenus of Ectemnius. Type species: Ectemnius papuanus Tsuneki, 1983, by original designation and monotypy.

Metactemnius Tsuneki, 1984b:34, as subgenus of Ectemnius. Type species: Ectemnius apo Tsuneki, 1984, by original designation and monotypy.

Spadicocrabro Tsuneki, 1990b:100. Type species: Crabro nitobei Matsumura, 1912, by original designation and monotypy. Established as genus, treated as a subgenus of Ectemnius by Leclercq, 1999:9.

praeclarus (Arnold)

Crabro praeclarus Arnold, 1945:181, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN).  As Ectemnius praeclarus: Leclercq, 1954c:269 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:427 (listed); Leclercq, 1999:12 (in key to subgenera and species groups of Ectemnius).

Dasyproctus sakalavus Leclercq, 1967b:68, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Aninoravo (MNHN). Synonymized with Ectemnius praeclarus by Leclercq, 1989c:51.  R. Bohart Menke, 1976:421 (listed).

seyrigi (Arnold)

Crabro seyrigi Arnold, 1945:183, , (as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN).  Arnold, 1958:137 (belongs to subgenus Metacrabro in Leclercq's system).  As Ectemnius seyrigi: Leclercq, 1954c:269 (new combination, listed), 1961d:118 (belongs to subgenus Iwataia; Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:428 (listed); Leclercq, 1989c:52 (variation).

slateri nigrescens (Arnold)

Crabro slateri nigrescens Arnold, 1945:183, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  As Ectemnius slateri nigrescens: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:428 (listed).

Entomognathus Dahlbom, 1844:295. Type species: Crabro revis Vander Linden, 1829, by monotypy.

Koxinga Pate, 1944b:341. Type species: Entomognathus siraiyae Pate, 1944, by original designation and monotypy.

Mashona Pate, 1944b:341. Type species: Thyreopus apiformis Arnold, 1926, by original designation and monotypy.

Toncahua Pate, 1944b:341. Type species: Entomognathus texanus Cresson, 1887, by original designation and monotypy.

Florkinus Leclercq, 1956b:2. Type species: Florkinus evolutionis Leclercq, 1956, by original designation and monotypy.

Bihargnathus Leclercq, 1977a:452, as subgenus of Entomognathus. Type species: Encopognathus itinerus Leclercq, 1977, by original designation.

arnoldi Bohart and Menke

Crabro tridens Arnold, 1945:165, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). Primary homonym of Crabro tridens Fabricius, 1798, a junior synonym of Oxybelus uniglumis (Linnaeus, 1758).  As Entomognathus tridens: Leclercq, 1954c:202 (new combination, listed), 1961b:72 (Madagascar; description of ), 1997b:115 (in key), 120 (bibliographic references, faunal records, tentatively assigned to subgenusMashona).

Entomognathus arnoldi Bohart and Menke, 1976:382. Replacement name for Crabro tridens Arnold.

diversicornis (Arnold)

Crabro diversicornis Arnold, 1945:168, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  As Entomognathus diversicornis: Leclercq, 1954c:202 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:382 (listed); Leclercq, 1997b:118 (in key), 121 (bibliographic references, correction to original description).

faunus (Arnold)

Crabro faunus Arnold, 1945:166, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  As Entomognathus faunus: Leclercq, 1954c:202 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:382 (listed), 1997b:115 (in key).

midas (Arnold)

Crabro midas Arnold, 1945:161, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara (MNHN).  As Entomognathus midas: Leclercq, 1954c:203 (new combination, new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:382 (listed; as midus); Leclercq, 1997b:116 (in key); Leclercq, 1997b:116 (in key), 124 (bibliographic references).

mimicus (Arnold)

Crabro mimicus Arnold, 1945:163, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  As Entomognathus mimicus: Leclercq, 1954c:203 (new combination, listed), 303 (nest and prey records); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:382 (listed); Leclercq, 1997b:116 (in key), 124 (bibliographic references).

ruficaudatus (Arnold)

Crabro ruficaudatus Arnold, 1945:164, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Ivondro, Rogez (MNHN).  As Entomognathus ruficaudatus: Leclercq, 1954c:202 (new combination, listed), 1961b:71 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:382 (listed); Leclercq, 1997b:115, 119 (in key), 128 (bibliographic references, tentatively assigned to subgenus Mashona).

Gastrosericus Spinola, 1839:480. Type species: Gastrosericus waltlii Spinola, 1839, by monotypy.  As Gasterosericus (unjustified emendation or misspelling): Dahlbom, 1845:467; Brauns, 1906:49, 51, 52.

Eparmatostethus Kohl, 1907:167. Type species: Eparmatostethus madecassus Kohl, 1907, by monotypy. Synonymized with Gastrosericus by Arnold, 1927:116. As Eparmostethus (misspelling): Pate, 1937:26, Bohart and Menke, 1976:43.

Paralellopsis Maidl, 1914b:147. Type species: Paralellopsis africana Maidl, 1914 [= Gastrosericus neavei Turner, 1913], by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Gastrosericus by Arnold, 1922:114.  As Parallelopsis (misspelling): Turner, 1916:258; Pate, 1937:47.

Dinetomorpha Gussakovskij, 1931:451. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13b).

Gastrargyron Gussakovskij, 1931:451. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13b).

Dinetomorpha Pate, 1937:22, Article 13a (ii) (as Dinetomorpha Gussakovskij, 1931, a subgenus of Gastrosericus). Type species: Gastrosericus flavicornis Gussakovskij, 1931 [= Gastrosericus electus Nurse, 1903], designated by Pate, 1937:22. Validation of Gussaskovskij's (1931:451) name. Synonymized with Gastrosericus by Bohart and Menke, 1976:43.

Gastrargyron Pate, 1937:28, Article 13a (ii) (as Gastrargyron Gussakovskij, 1931, a subgenus of Gastrosericus). Type species: Gastrosericus marginalis Gussakovskij, 1931, designated by Pate, 1937:22. Validation of Gussaskovskij's (1931:451) name. Synonymized with Gastrosericus by Bohart and Menke, 1976:43.

madecassus (Kohl)

Eparmatostethus madecassus Kohl, 1907:169, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Taolanaro (ZIN), examined.  Pate, 1937:26 (misspelled as Eparmostethus).  In Gastrosericus: Arnold, 1927:116 (Eparmatostethus synonymized with Gastrosericus), 1945:92 (ó); Leclercq, 1960:96 (Madagascar: Behara); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:256 (listed); Leclercq, 1990:115 (Madagascar: Bekily); Pulawski, 1995b:85 (revision).

zoyphion Pulawski

Gastrosericus zoyphion Pulawski, 1995b:169, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: 5 km N Toliara (CAS).

Arpactus Jurine, 1807:192, junior homonym of Arpactus Panzer, 1805, and of Arpactus Panzer, 1806. Type species: Arpactus formosus Jurine, 1807, designated by Shuckard, 1837:220.

Harpactus Shuckard, 1837:221. Emendation of Arpactus Jurine, 107. As noted by Pulawski (1985:59), Shuckard emended Arpactus on linguistic grounds, thus creating an available new name, with its own date and author (Articles 19 and 33.2). Since Harpactus is an emendation, it has the same type-species as Arpactus Jurine (Article 67.8).

Harpactes Dahlbom, 1843:147, junior homonym of Harpactes Swainson, 1837 (Aves), and of Harpactes Templeton, 1834 (Arachnida). Emendation of Harpactus Shuckard.

Dienoplus W. Fox, 1894a:548. Type species: Dienoplus pictifrons W. Fox, 1894, by monotypy.

histrio (de Saussure)

Harpactes histrio de Saussure, 1892:530, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Bezanozano: Anosibé (MHNG). As Gorytes histrio: Handlirsch, 1895:907 (new combination, redescription); Dalla Torre, 1897:542 (listed); Arnold, 1945:57 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar). As Dienoplus histrio: R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:496 (new combination, listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar; variation).

Holotachysphex de Beaumont, 1940:179. Type species: Tachysphex holognathus Morice, 1897, by monotypy.

Phytosphex Arnold, 1951:153. Type species: Tachysphex turneri Arnold, 1923, by original designation.

Haplognatha Gussakovskij, 1952:248. Type species: Haplognatha prosopigastroides Gussakovskij, 1952, by original designation and monotypy.

sacalava (Arnold)

Tachysphex turneri sacalava Arnold, 1945:106, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: no specific locality (MNHN).  As Holotachysphex sacalava: Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:282 (new combination, new status, listed); Pulawski, 1992a:234 (revision).

Hoplisoides Gribodo, 1884d:276. Type species: Hoplisoides intricans Gribodo, 1884, by monotypy.

Icuma Cameron, 1905b:21. Type species: Icuma sericea Cameron, 1905, by monotypy [= Gorytes vespoides F. Smith, 1873]. Synonymized with Hoplisoides by R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:53

bipustulatus (Arnold)

Gorytes bipustulatus Arnold, 1945:55, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN).  Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar).   As Hoplisoides bipustulatus: R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:520 (new combination, listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar; prey: Tettigometridae).

Hovanysson Arnold, 1945:52. Type species: Brachystegus camelus Arnold, by original designation.

albibarbis (Arnold)

Nysson albibarbis Arnold, 1945:51, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antananarivo, Bekily (MNHN).  As Hovanysson albibarbis: R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:472 (new combination, listed).

camelus (Arnold)

Brachystegus camelus Arnold, 1945:53, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily, Fort Dauphin, Ivondro (MNHN).  Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar).  As Hovanysson camelus: R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:472 (new combination, listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:37 (syntype in Bulawayo Museum).

Isodontia Patton, 1880a:380. Type species: Isodontia philadelphica (Lepeletier, 1845) [= Sphex philadelphicus Lepeletier, 1845], by original designation.

Leontosphex Arnold, 1945:90. Type species: Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1890, by original designation.

Murrayella R. Bohart and Menke, 1963:137. Type species: Sphex elegans F. Smith, 1856, by original designation.

leonina (de Saussure)

Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1890: pl. 19, fig. 6, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG).  Kohl, 1895:50 (revision); Berland, 1926c:282 (Madagascar: locality records); Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar).  As Isodontia leonina: Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:123 (new combination, listed).

Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1891:259, . Objective synonym of Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1890.  Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar).   As Chlorion leoninum: Arnold, 1945:90 (Madagascar; redescription).

Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1892:431, , (as leonina, incorrect original termination). Objective synonym of Sphex leoninus de Saussure, 1890.

Larra Fabricius, 1793:220. Type species: Larra ichneumoniformis Fabricius, 1793 [= Sphex anathema Rossi, 1790], designated by Latreille, 1810:438.

Larrana Rafinesque, 1815:124. Emendation or new name for Larra Fabricius, 1793.

Lara Drapiez, 1819:54. Lapsus or emendation of Larra Fabricius, 1793. [Lara LeConte, 1852, is a junior homonym]

Monomatium Shuckard, 1840:181, no included species. Type species: Larraxena princeps F. Smith, 1851, designated by Pate, 1935:246 (first included species).

Lyrops Dahlbom, 1843:132, junior homonym of Lyrops Illiger, 1807. Type species: Tachytes paganus Dahlbom, 1843, by monotypy.

Larraxena F. Smith, 1851:30. Type species: Larraxena princeps F. Smith, 1851, by monotypy.

Larrada F. Smith, 1856:273. Type species: Larrada anathema (Rossi, 1790) [= Sphex anathema Rossi, 1790], by original designation.

Cratolarra Cameron, 1900a:34. Type species: Cratolarra femorata Cameron, 1900, secondary homonym of Larra femorata (de Saussure, 1854), by monotypy. Treated as subgenus of Larra by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:42.

betsilea de Saussure

Larra betsilea de Saussure, 1887:17, (as Betsilea, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG or MNHN).  de Saussure, 1892:488 (Madagascar, redescription, description of ); Arnold, 1945:114 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:96 (Madagascar), 1961d:121 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:237 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key), 116 (Madagascar).

heydenii (de Saussure)

Notogonia heydenii de Saussure, 1890:pl.12, fig. 18, (as Heydenii, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG).  Arnold, 1945:115 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:96 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:238 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key), 116 (Madagascar).

Notogonia heidenii de Saussure, 1891:261(as Heydenii, incorrect original capitalization). Objective synonym of Larra heydenii de Saussure, 1890.

Larra heydenii de Saussure, 1892:494, , , Syntypes: Madagascar: Anosibé in Bezanozano Province and Imerina Province (MHNG). Objective synonym of Larra heydenii de Saussure, 1890.

madecassa de Saussure

Larra madecassa de Saussure, 1887:17, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG or MNHN).  de Saussure, 1892:496 (Madagascar, redescription); Arnold, 1945:116 (Madagascar; redescription); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:238 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key), 116 (Madagascar).

saussurei Kohl

Larra prismatica de Saussure, 1887:17, , primary homonym of Larra prismatica F. Smith, 1857 (now in Bembecinus). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:114 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:112 (Madagascar).

Larra saussurei Kohl, 1892:219, (as Saussurei, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: no specific locality (NHMW). Synonymized with Larra prismatica de Saussure by W. Schulz, 1911:190. – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:238 (listed); Dollfuss, 1989:10 (type material in NHMW); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key), 117 (Madagascar).

variipes de Saussure

Larra carbonaria de Saussure, 1892:491, , secondary homonym of Larra carbonaria (F. Smith, 1858). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: Bezanozano: Anosibé (MHNG).

Larra variipes de Saussure, 1892:493, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Andrangoloaka and Bezanozano: Anosibé (MHNG). – W. Schulz, 1911:190 (as new synonym of Larra prismatica de Saussure); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:238 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:115 (in key), 117 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Larra carbunculus Dalla Torre, 1897. Replacement name for Larra carbonaria de Saussure, 1892. – Arnold, 1945:116 (Madagascar; redescription, as valid species); Leclercq, 1960a:96 (Madagascar), 1961d:112 (Madagascar).

Liris Fabricius, 1804:227. Type species: Sphex auratus Fabricius, 1787, designated by Patton, 1880b:386.

Lirisis Rafinesque, 1815:124. Emendation or replacement name for Liris Fabricius, 1804.

Notogonia A. Costa, 1867b:82, junior homonym of Notogonia Perty, 1850 (Crustacea). Type species: Tachytes niger of Vander Linden, 1829 [= Larra nigra of Latreille, 1805 = Pompilus niger of Panzer, 1799 = Sphex niger Fabricius, 1775], by monotypy.

Motes Kohl, 1897a:351. Type species: "Notogonia odontophora Kohl, 1892" [= Larra odontophora Kohl, 1894], designated by Pate, 1837c:41.

Caenolarra Cameron, 1900a:28. Type species: Caenolarra appendiculata Cameron, 1900 [= Spanolarra rufitarsis Cameron, 1900], secondary homonym of Liris appendiculatus (Taschenberg, 1870) by monotypy.

Leptolarra Cameron, 1900a:29. Type species: Leptolarra reticulata Cameron, 1900, secondary homonym of Liris reticulatus (de Saussure, 1892) [= Leptolara reticuloides Richards, 1935 = Liris nigricans reticuloides (Richards)], designated by Richards, 1935a:164.

Spanolarra Cameron, 1900a:32. Type species: Spanolarra rufitarsis Cameron, 1900, by monotypy.

Notogonius Howard, 1901:pl. 6, fig. 1 (June). Lapsus for Notogonia A. Costa. Bohart and Menke (1976:43) write the following: There are numerous spelling errors in Howard's book, and we regard Notogonius as a lapsus for Notogonia Costa. This wiev was also shared by G.E. Bohart (1951:954) who nevertheless recognized Notogonius nigripennis (W. Fox) as type species, an unnecessary action. The specimen figured by Howard is in the U.S. National Museum and is Liris argentatus (Palisot de Beauvois), not nigripennis.

Chrysolarra Cameron, 1901b:118 (Aug.). Type species: Chrysolarra appendiculata Cameron, 1901, secondary homonym of Liris appendiculatus (Taschenberg, 1870), designated by Pate, 1837c:18.

Notogonidea Rohwer, 1911d:234. Replacement name for Notogonia A. Costa, 1867.

Dociliris Tsuneki, 1967b:26, as subgenus of Liris. Type species: Larrada subtessellata F. Smith, 1856, by original designation. Synonymized with Leptolarra Cameron, 1900, by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:43.

Nigliris Tsuneki, 1967b:27, as subgenus of Liris. Type species: Notogonia japonica Kohl, 1885 [= Liris festinans japonicus (Kohl), by original designation. Synonymized with Leptolarra by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:43.

Colloliris Tsuneki, 1974b:612, as subgenus of Liris. Type species: Notogonidea negrosensis F. Williams, 1928, by original designantion and monotypy. Synonymized with Leptolarra by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:629.

Pitaliris Tsuneki, 1982e:26, as subgenus of Liris. Type species: Cratolarra pitamawa Rohwer, 1916, original designation.

alaris (de Saussure)

Notogonia alaris de Saussure, 1892:503, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo or Anosibé in Bezanozano Province (MHNG), designated by Leclercq, 1961d:113 (specific locality not indicated).  As Liris alaris: Arnold, 1945:125 (Madagascar; redescription); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:244 (listed).

antaka (de Saussure)

Notogonia antaka de Saussure, 1890: pl.19, fig. 7, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:244 (listed).

Notogonia ancara de Saussure, 1891:260, . Objective synonym of Notogonia antaka de Saussure, 1890. Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), unnecessary designation by Leclercq, 1961d:113 (as antaca).

Notogonia antaca de Saussure, 1892:505, . Emendation of Notogonia antaka and ancara. – Bischoff, 1913c:73 (Zimbabwe: Bulawayo); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:47 (Madagascar: Diego Suarez); Berland, 1925c:154 (Angola); Arnold, 1929c:394 (as synonym of Notogonidea radialis).  As Motes antaca: Leclercq, 1961d:113 (Madagascar). – As Liris antaca: Arnold, 1945:126 (Madagascar: Behara; redescription).

avellanipes (de Saussure)

Notogonia avellanipes de Saussure, 1890: pl. 19, fig. 8. Holotype: , illustrated specimen , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG).  As Liris avellanipes: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:244 (listed).

Notogonia avellanipes de Saussure, 1891:261, . Objective synonym of Notogonia avaellanipes de Saussure, 1890. Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), unnecessary designation by Leclercq, 1961d:112.  de Saussure, 1892:508 (Madagascar; redescription); Arnold, 1945:122 (Madagascar; redescription).  As Motes avellanipes: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar).

brunnipennis Arnold

Liris brunnipennis Arnold, 1945:130, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:244 (listed); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).  As Motes brunnipennis: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:115 (Madagascar).

cowani (W.F. Kirby)

Larrada cowani W.F. Kirby, 1883:200, sex not indicated (as Cowani, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: no specific locality (BMNH). – As Liris cowani: R. Turner, 1916b:249 (new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed).

Liris jocositarsa de Saussure, 1887:18, , incorrect original termination. Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). Synonymized with Liris cowani  de Saussure, 1892:515 (Madagascar, redescription); Kohl, 1892:226 (E ), 227 (in key).  As Liris haemorrhoidalis race jocositarsa: Arnold, 1945:117 (Madagascar; redescription).  As Liris haemorrhoidalis jocositarsa: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:112 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:832 (Seychelles Islands)..

Liris pedestris de Saussure, 1892:517, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antananarivo and Anosibé in Tamatave Province (MHNG). Synonymized with Liris cowani by R. Turner, 1916b:249 and with Liris haemorrhoidalis var. jocositarsa by Arnold, 1945. – de Beaumont, 1961f:222 (valid name for Liris haemorrhoidalis race jocositarsa of Arnold, 1945).

crepitans Leclercq

Liris crepitans Leclercq, 1967b:65, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Maevatanatoa (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed).

cubitalis (de Saussure)

Notogonia cubitalis de Saussure, 1887:17, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG or MNHN).  de Saussure, 1892:513 (Madagascar, redescription).  As Liris cubitalis: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed; type locality given as Mauritius).

dejectus Arnold

Liris dejecta Arnold, 1945:129, , , incorrect original termination. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed).  As Motes dejecta: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:115 (Madagascar).

dyscheirus (de Saussure)

Notogonia dyscheira de Saussure, 1892:510, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Imerina Province: no specific locality (MHNG).  As Larra dyscheira: Kohl in Dalla Torre, 1897:666 (listed, as dasycheira).  As Motes dyscheira: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:113 (unnecessary designation of lectotype).  As Liris dyscheira: Arnold, 1945:123 (Madagascar, redescription; description of , new combination); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed).

ganahlii (Dalla Torre)

Notogonia rufipes de Saussure, 1892:511, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG).  As Larra rufipes: Kohl in Dalla Torre, 1987:672 (new combination, listed).  As Motes rufipes: Leclercq, 1961d:116 (Madagascar).  As Liris rufipes: Arnold, 1945:133 (Madagascar).

Larra ganahlii Dalla Torre, 1897:511 (as Ganahlii, incorrect original capitalization). Replacement name for Larra rufipes (de Saussure, 1892), secondary homonym of Larra rufipes (F. Smith, 1858).  As Liris ganahlii: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed).

gracilicornis (Arnold)

Notogonidea gracilicornis Arnold, 1923b:250, . Holotype: , Zimbabwe: Bulawayo (SAM).  Arnold, 1929c:397 (description of ), 1945:132 (Madagascar).  As Liris gracilicornis: Arnold, 1951:160 (Ghana: Labadi); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:245 (listed); Dollfuss, 1993a:693 (Central African Republic: Kembe).

incertus Arnold

Liris incerta Arnold, 1945:127, , incorrect original termination. Syntypes: , Madagascar: Behara, Bekily, Ranomafana, Rogez (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246 (listed).  As Motes incerta: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:113 (Madagascar; comparison with Liris dejectus).

keiseri (Leclercq)

Motes keiseri Leclercq, 1961d:114. Holotype: , Madagascar: Tamatave Province: Fampanambo (MHNB).  As Liris: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246 (listed).

memnonius coloripes Arnold

Motes radialis coloripes Arnold, 1940:123, sex not indicated. Syntypes: Madagascar: no specific locality (SAM).  As Motes setigera coloripes: Leclercq, 1961d:115 (Madagascar).  As Liris setigera coloripes: Arnold, 1945:129 (Madagascar: Behara, redescription); Leclercq, 1961d:115 (Madagascar).  As Liris memnonia coloripes: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246 (listed).

minimus (Arnold)

Notogonidea minima Arnold, 1923b:249, , . Holotype: sex not indicated, Zimbabwe: Bulawayo or Hopefountain (SAM).  Arnold, 1929c:397 (description of ), 1945:132 (Madagascar).  As Liris minima: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246 (listed).

nigricans (Walker)

Larrada nigricans Walker, 1871:21, , . Syntypes: Egypt: Cairo (BMNH).  As Notogonia nigricans: R. Turner, 1917b:319 (new combination; one syntype in BMNH; Egypt, Gibraltar, Cabo Verde Islands); Richards, 1928a:362 (in revision of Mediterranean species); Gussakovskij, 1938:7 (China: Kiangsu Province); Giner Marí, 1947:25 (Western Sahara), 1959:388 (Morocco: Fès; determination?).   As Leptolarra nigricans: Guiglia, 1937:186 (Libya: Cyrenaica; redescription); de Beaumont, 1940a:18 (Egypt).  As Motes nigricans: Guiglia, 1942b:233 (Libya).  As Liris nigricans: de Beaumont, 1947b:390 (Cyprus), 1950d:14 (Egypt: Siwa oasis); de Pittioni, 1950:24 (Cyprus); Beaumont, 1955a:171 (Morocco), 1956a:196 (Libya; Chad: Tibesti), 1956d:2 (Cabo Verde Islands), 1958b:60 (Algeria: Tassili des Ajjer); Suárez in Giner Marí, 1959:400 (Liris nigricans is the correct name for Notogonia nigricans of Giner Marí, 1959:388); de Beaumont, 1960b:237 (Libya), 1961e:4 (Iraq), 1961f:234 (revision), 1967a:330 (Turkey), 1968a:261 (Canary Islands: Gran Canaria); Simon Thomas, 1969a:120 (Canary Islands: Tenerife); de Beaumont, 1970a:400 (Afghanistan); de Beaumont, Bytinski-Salz and Pulawski, 1973:5 (Israel); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:246 (listed); Georghiou, 1977:190 (Cyprus); Báez and Ortega, 1978:192 (Canary Islands); Guichard, 1978:271 (first record from Greece); Kazenas, 1978b:102, 103 (in key to Sphecidae of Kazakhstan and Central Asia); Guichard, 1980:227 (Oman); Islamov, 1986:524 (Uzbekistan: Tashkent Oblast); Gayubo and Mingo, 1988:74 (Spain); Dollfuss, 1993a:693 (Central African Republic: Kembe); Hohmann, La Roche, Ortega, and Barquín, 1993:220 (detailed records from Canary Islands); Simon Thomas and Wiering, 1993:404 (listed); Torregrosa, Gayubo, Tormos, and Asís, 1993:18 (Spain: Alicante Province); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Notogonia argyropyga A. Costa, 1875:16, (nec which = ?). Holotype (or syntypes): Egypt (Napoli).  Richards, 1928a:361 (as synonym of Notogonia memnonia); de Beaumont, 1961f:235 (study of type).

Notogonia sculpturata Kohl, 1892:221, . Holotype: , Egypt: no specific locality (NHMW). Synonymized with Notogonia nigricans by R. Turner, 1917b:319. – nec Antiga and Bofill, 1904:10, Mercet, 1910b:165, Berland, 1921, and Bernard, 1934a:62 (= Liris festinans praetermissa); Morice, 1911:97 (Algeria: Alger, Biskra), 1921:79 (Iraq: Amara); Dollfuss, 1989:10 (type material in NHMW).

Notogonia reticulata de Saussure, 1892:512, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Antananarivo or Anosibé in Bezanozano Province, or Imerina Province (MHNG), designated by Leclercq, 1961d:116 (specific locality not mentioned). – R. Turner, 1911b:370 (Seychelles Islands).  As Motes nigricans reticulata: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:116 (Madagascar).  As Liris nigricans reticulata: Arnold, 1945:132 (Madagascar: Bekily).  As Liris nigricans var. reticulata: Arnold, 1951:160 (Ethiopia: Dilla).

Larra jugurthae Gribodo, 1894b:22, , (as Jugurthae, incorrect original capitalization). Lectotype: , "Algeria: Boghari, Biskra", correctly: Tunisia: Tunis (Genova), designated by de Beaumont, 1950e:263. Synonymized with Liris nigricans by Guiglia, 1937:186. – de Beaumont, 1950e:263 (synonymy confirmed).

Larra palumbula Kohl, 1894:304, . Holotype or syntypes: , Cameroon: no specific locality (TMP). Synonymized with Notogonia nigricans by Richards, 1928a:362, and with Notogonia reticulata by Arnold, 1944:23.   As Notogonia palumbula: Kohl, 1906a:219 (new combination, Yemen: Socotra Island); R. Turner, 1917b:319 (merely the tropical race of nigricans).  As Notogonidea nigricans, race palumbula: Arnold, 1923b:243 (revision); Schouteden, 1930:91 (Zaire).

Notogonia mahensis Cameron, 1907e:78, . Holotype: , Seychelles Islands: Mahé (BMNH), a headless specimen. Synonymized with Notogonia reticulata by R. Turner, 1911b:370.

Notogonia punctipleura Cameron, 1908a:285, . Holotype or syntypes: , Tanzania: Mt. Kilimanjaro: Kibonoto (NRS). Synonymized with Notogonidea nigricans palumbula by R. Turner, 1917b:319.

radialis (de Saussure)

Notogonia radialis de Saussure, 1887:17, . Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), designated by Arnold, 1940:123.  de Saussure, 1892:467 (Madagascar, redescription); nec Arnold, 1929:394 (= Liris memnonius); Giordani Soika, 1939c:101 (Eritrea: Asmara).  As Motes radialis: Arnold, 1940:123 (synonymy); Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:114 (Madagascar, illegal designation of lectotype).  As Leptolarra radialis: Guiglia, 1939d:76 (Ethiopia: Sidamo: Malca Guba). – As Liris radialis: Arnold, 1945:127 (Madagascar: redescription and interpretation of the species); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:247 (listed).

Notogonia radamae de Saussure, 1891:260, (as Radamae, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). Synonymized with Liris radialis by Leclercq, 1961d:114.   As Liris rqdamae: Arnold, 1945:127 (Madagascar, redescription, as Radamae).

As Notogonidea sepulchralis: Arnold, 1923b:244 (revision), corrected to Notogonidea radialis by Arnold, 1929c:394.

sabrinus (Leclercq)

Motes sabrina Leclercq, 1961d:114, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Fianarantsoa Province: Ihosy (MHNB).  As Liris sabrina: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:247 (new combination, listed).

scabriusculus Arnold

Liris scabriuscula Arnold, 1945:131, , incorrect original termination. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:247 (listed).  As Motes scabriuscula: Leclercq, 1961d:115 (Madagascar).

sepulchralis hova Arnold

Liris sepulchralis hova Arnold, 1945:132, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN).  R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:247 (listed).  As Motes sepulchralis hova: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:116 (Madagascar).

solstitialis (F. Smith)

Larrada solstitialis F. Smith, 1856:283, . Syntypes: , South Africa: Natal: Port Natal (BMNH).  As Notogonidea solstitialis: Arnold, 1923b:238 (revision); Schouteden, 1930:92 (Zaire); Arnold, 1933a:352 (Ethiopia: Muger Valley).  As Motes solstitialis: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:112 (Madagascar).  As Liris solstitialis: Arnold, 1945:121 (Madagascar; redescription; new combination), 1951:159 (Ghana: Aburi, Accra); de Beaumont, 1961f:228 (revision), 1967b:508 (South Africa: Natal); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:247 (listed).

Notogonia femoralis de Saussure, 1887:17, . Lectotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG), designated by Leclercq, 1961d:112. Synonymized with Motes solstitialis by Leclercq, 1961d:112. – de Saussure, 1892:502 (Madagascar, redescription).   As Larra femoralis: Kohl in Dalla Torre, 1897:667 (new combination, listed).

Notogonia cnemophila Cameron, 1908a:288, . Holotype or syntypes: , Tanzania: Mt. Kilimanjaro: Kibonoto (NRS). Synonymized with Notogonidea solstitialis by Arnold, 1923b:238.

utopicus (Leclercq)

Motes utopica Leclercq, 1961d:116, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Fianarantsoa Province: Infanadiana (MHNB). – As Liris utopica: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:248 (listed).

voeltzkowii (Kohl)

Notogonia voeltzkowii Kohl, 1909:372, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Tulear, now Toliara (ZMHU or SIF). – As Motes voeltzkowii: Leclercq, 1960a:97 (new combination, forgotten by Arnold, 1945). – As Liris voeltzkowii: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:248 (listed).

xanthopterus Arnold

Liris xanthoptera Arnold, 1945:121, , , incorrect original termination. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Fort Dauphin (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:248 (listed). – As Motes xanthoptera: Leclercq, 1960a:98 (new combination, Madagascar).

Lyroda Say, 1837:372. Type species: Lyroda subita Say: 1837, designated by Patton, 1880b:386.

Morphota F. Smith, 1856:293. Type species: Morphota fasciata F. Smith, 1856, designated by Pate, 1837c:41.

Odontolarra Cameron, 1900a:35. Type species: Odontolarra rufiventris Cameron, 1900 [= Morphota formosa F. Smith, 1859], by monotypy.

Lyrodon Howard, 1901:pl. 6, fig. 5. Lapsus for Lyroda Say, 1837. Junior homonym of Lyrodon Goldfuss, 1837.

madecassa Arnold

Lyroda madecassa Arnold, 1945:91, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:97 (Madagascar), 1961d:108 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:299 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar).

Miscophus Jurine, 1807:206. Type species: Miscophus bicolor Jurine, 1807, by monotypy.

Nitelopterus Ashmead, 1897a:22. Type species: Nitelopterus slossonae Ashmead, 1897, by monotypy.

Hypomiscophus Cockerell, 1898:321. Type species: Miscophus arenarum Cockerell, 1898, by original designation.

Miscophinus Ashmead, 1898:187. Type species: Miscophus laticeps Ashmead, 1898, by original designation.

maculipes Arnold

Miscophus maculipes Arnold, 1945:136, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:135 (in key); Leclercq, 1960a:997 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:318 (listed); Lomholdt, 1985:86 (revision); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:38 (paratypes in Bulawayo Museum).

seyrigi Arnold

Miscophus Seyrigi Arnold, 1945:135, , , incorrect original capitalization. Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:135 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:319 (listed); Lomholdt, 1985:79 (revision); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39 (paratype in Bulawayo Museum).

sordidatus Arnold

Miscophus sordidatus Arnold, 1945:137, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:135 (in key); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:319 (listed); Lomholdt, 1985:98 (revision).

Neodasyproctus Arnold, 1926:373. Type species: Thyreopus kohli Arnold, 1926, by monotypy.

densepunctatus (Arnold)

Crabro densepunctatus Arnold, 1945:174, . Lectotype: Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN), designated by Leclercq, 1999b:156. – As Neodasyproctus densepunctatus: Leclercq, 1954c:256 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:419 (listed); Leclercq, 1999b:156 (in revision of genus).

Neodasyproctus ferrierei Leclercq, 1951h:333, (as Ferrièrei, incorrect original capitalization and diacritic mark). Holotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). Synonymized with Neodasyproctus densepunctatus by Leclercq, 1996b:156. – Leclercq, 1954c:256 (listed), 1961b:89 (Madagascar, diagnostic characters); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:419 (listed).

didynus Leclercq

Neodasyproctus didynus Leclercq, 1999b:157, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Tamatave: Didy (FSAG).

eburneopictus (Arnold)

Crabro eburneopictus Arnold, 1945:175, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Ambositra (MNHN). – As Neodasyproctus eburneopictus: Leclercq, 1954c:256 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:419 (listed); Leclercq, 1999b:158 (in revision of genus).

isalonus Leclercq

Neodasyproctus isalonus Leclercq, 1999b:158, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Isalo National Park: Analalva (FSAG).

protensus (Arnold)

Crabro protensus Arnold, 1945:178, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara (MNHN). – As Neodasyproctus protensus: Leclercq, 1954c:256 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:419 (listed); Leclercq, 1999b:159 (in revision of genus).

remanus Leclercq

Neodasyproctus remanus Leclercq, 1999b:159, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Fianarantsoa: Vohiparara (FSAG).

striolatus (Arnold)

Crabro striolatus Arnold, 1945:176, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Neodasyproctus striolatus: Leclercq, 1954c:256 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:419 (listed); Leclercq, 1999b:160 (in revision of genus).

Oxybelus Latreille, 1796:129, no included species. Type species: Crabro uniglumis of Fabricius, 1775 [= Vespa uniglumis Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Latreille, 1802b:343 (first included species).

Notoglossa Dahlbom, 1845:514. Type species: Notoglossa sagittaria Dahlbom, 1845 [= Oxybelus lamellatus Olivier, 1811], by monotypy.

Alepidaspis A. Costa, 1882b:35. Type species: Alepidaspis diphyllus A. Costa, 1882, by monotypy.

Anoxybelus Kohl, 1924:274. Type species: Oxybelus maidli Kohl, 1924, by monotypy.

Gonioxybelus Minkiewicz, 1934:251. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13.3).

Orthoxybelus Minkiewicz, 1934:251. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13.3).

Gonioxybelus Pate, 1937c:28. Type species: Oxybelus nigripes Olivier, 1811 [= Apis trispinosa Fabricius, 1787], by original designation.

Orthoxybelus Pate, 1937c:28. Type species: Vespa uniglumis Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.

Euoxybelus Noskiewicz and Chudoba, 1950:300. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13.3).

Latroxybelus Noskiewicz and Chudoba, 1950:300. Type species: Oxybelus latro Olivier, 1811, by monotypy.

cristatus de Saussure

Oxybelus cristatus de Saussure, 1892:559, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bezanozano Province: Anosibé (MHNG). – Dalla Torre, 1897:640 (in catalog of world Sphecidae); Arnold, 1945:187 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar), 1961d:118 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:367 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).

perornatus Arnold

Oxybelus perornatus Arnold, 1945:186, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:118 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:369 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).

subcristatus de Saussure

Oxybelus subcristatus de Saussure, 1892:561, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Bezanozano Province: Anosibé (MHNG). – Dalla Torre, 1897:648 (in catalog of world Sphecidae); Arnold, 1945:188 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar), 1961d:118 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:369 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Parapiagetia Kohl, 1897a:373. Type species: Piagetia odontostoma Kohl, 1884, by original designation.

Lirosphex Brèthes, 1913b:150. Type species: Tachysphex subpetiolatus Brèthes, by original designation. Synonymized with Parapiagetia Kohl, 1896 by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:44.

Psammosphex Gussakovskij, 1952:246. Type species: Tachysphex genicularis F. Morawitz, 1890, by original designation.

longicornis Arnold

Parapiagetia longicornis Arnold, 1945:93, , . Lectotype: , Madagascar: Behara (MNHN), designated by Pulawski, 1977b:639. – Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:281 (listed); Pulawski, 1977b:639 (revision); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar).

pluridentata Arnold

Parapiagetia pluridentata Arnold, 1945:94, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:281 (listed); Pulawski, 1977b:635 (revision).

Pericrabro Leclercq, 1954c:219. Type species: Thyreopus sociabilis Arnold, 1932, by original designation and monotypy. Established as subgenus of Crossocerus, raised to genus by Leclercq, 2000b.

sociabilis (Arnold)

Thyreopus sociabilis Arnold, 1932:27, . Holotype: , Zimbabwe: Bulawayo: Hillside (SAM). – Arnold, 1945:180 (Madagascar: Bekily). – As Crossocerus sociabilis: Leclercq, 1954c:220 (new combination, type of new subgenus Pericrabro), 304 (nest and prey records); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:403 (listed); Rodgers and Homewood, 1982:233 (Tanzania: Usambara Mountains). – As Pericrabro sociabilis: Leclercq, 2000b:160 (new combination, discussion of generic position).

Philanthus Fabricius, 1790:224. Type species: Philanthus coronatus Fabricius, 1790 [= Sphex coronatus Thunberg, 1784], designated by Shuckard, 1837:246.

Symblephilus Panzer, 1806:171. Type species: Philanthus pictus Panzer, 1797 [= Vespa triangulum Fabricius, 1775], designated by Pate, 1937c:62.

Simblephilus Jurine, 1807:185. Type species: Vespa triangulum Fabricius, 1775, designated by Morice and Durrant, 1915:402.

Cheilopogonus Westwood, 1834:441. Type species: Cheilopogonus punctiger Westwood, 1834 [= Vespa gibbosa Fabricius, 1775], by monotypy.

Philianthus Guérin-Méneville, 1835:pl. 71, fig 8. Lapsus for Philanthus Fabricius, 1790.

Anthophilus Dahlbom, 1844:190. Type species: Philanthus politus Say, 1824, designated by Ashmead, 1899d:294.

Chilopogon Kohl, 1897a:329. Emendation of Cheilopogonus Westwood, 1834.

Ephiphilanthus Ashmead, 1899d:294. Type species: Philanthus solivagus Say, 1837, by original designation.

Pseudophilanthus Ashmead, 1899d:294. Type species: Philanthus ventilabris Fabricius, 1798, by original designation.

Oclocletes Banks, 1913b:423. Type species: Philanthus sanbornii Cresson, 1865, by original designation.

Ococletes Mickel, 1916a:407. Lapsus or emendation of Oclocletes Banks, 1913.

bimacula de Saussure

Philanthus bimacula de Saussure, 1891:261, (actually ). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). – de Saussure, 1892:535 (Madagascar; redescription, as ); Arnold, 1945:16 (Madagascar); Leclercq, 1962b:209 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:564 (listed; as bimaculus), 565 (footnote: nomenclatorical history); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar, as bimaculus).

Philanthus immitis de Saussure, 1892:537, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG). Synonymized with Philanthus bimacula by W. Schulz, 1911b:173.

madagascariensis Brethès

Philanthus petiolatus de Saussure, 1892:538, , (incorrectly referred to as published in de Saussure, 1891). Syntypes: Madagascar: Imerina Province: no specific locality (MHNG). Primary homonym of Philanthus petiolatus Spinola, 1841 (now in Trachypus).

Philanthus madagascariensis Brèthes, 1910:277. Replacement name for Philanthus petiolatus de Saussure, 1892 (incorrectly referred to as published in de Saussure, 1891). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:565 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).

Philanthus ranavalonae Arnold, 1945:16 (as Ranavalonae , incorrect original capitalization). Unnecessary replacement name for Philanthus petiolatus de Saussure, 1892. – Arnold, 1945:16 (redescription); Madagascar); Leclercq, 1962b:209 (Madagascar, variation).

radamae Arnold

Philanthus radamae Arnold, 1945:17, , . (as Radamae, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum).

triangulum (Fabricius)

Vespa ruspatrix Linnaeus, 1767:951, sex not indicated. Holotype: , Africa: no specific locality, probably Algeria (Linnean Society, London). Suppressed by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1990, Opinion 1578. – Gmelin, 1790:2758 (redescription); Christ, 1791:241 (redescription, as ruspatris); de Saussure, 1855:105 (not a vespid); Day, 1979:71 (study of holotype; possibility of suppression of the name in favor of triangulum); Day and Fitton, 1978:194 (recuration of Linnean type material); Pulawski, 1988b:34 (petition to ICZN to suppress the name). – As Philanthus ruspatrix: Menke, 1986b:21 (quotation of Day, 1979:71); Vikberg, 1986:78 (Finland).

Vespa triangulum Fabricius, 1775:373, sex not indicated. Holotype: , Denmark: Copenhagen (ZMK), see van der Vecht, 1961a:61. Synonymized with Philanthus ruspatrix by Day, 1779:71 and 80. Conserved by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1990, Opinion 1578. – Gmelin, 1790:2758 (redescription); van der Vecht, 1961a:61 (study of type); Pulawski, 1988b:34 (petition to ICZN to conserve the name). – As Philanthus triangulum: Fabricius, 1790:224 (new combination), 1793:289 (redescription), 1804:302 (redescription); Thunberg, 1815a:127 (diagnostic characters), 131 (redescription), 1815b:288 (diagnostic characters); Shuckard, 1837a:246 (in revision of British Aculeata); von Siebold, 1839:53 (Germany: Danzig, now Poland: Gdansk); Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:35 (revision); Eversmann, 1849:398 (Russia: Orenburg province and lower Volga area); Wesmael, 1852:268 (Belgium); Kawall, 1854:312 (Czechoslovakia); F. Smith, 1856:468 (listed); Kirchner, 1857:24 (Kurland, now Latvia); Ruthe and Stein, 1857:314 (Germany: Berlin area); Taschenberg, 1858:83 (Germany); Brischke, 1862:102 (Germany: Preussen Province, now Poland: Pomorze); Wierzejski, 1868 (Poland: Kraków, Pieniny Mts.; Ukraine: Lvov); A. Costa, 1869b:112 (in revision of Italian Philanthinae); Aichinger, 1870:316 (Austria: Tirol); Thomson, 1870:241 (in revision of Swedish wasps); Ivanov, 1872:152 (Ukraine: Kharkov area); Bieletskij, 1873:80 (Ukraine: Kharkov area); Wierzejski, 1874:260 (Poland: Kraków; Ukraine: Lvov, Podole); Marquet, 1875:204 (France: Haute-Garonne: Toulouse); Taschenberg, 1875:404 (Germany: Halle; Italy: La Spezia; Egypt: no specific locality); Frivaldszky, 1876:354 (Hungary: Temes Komitat: Grebenácz, now in Timis District in Romania); Schlechtendal, 1876:54 (Germany: Zwickau); Radoszkowski, 1877:52 (Uzbekistan?: Obburden); De Stefani Perez, 1882:39 (Italy: Sicilia: Sciacca); A. Costa, 1883a:57 (Italy: Sardegna); Wüstnei, 1886:40 (Germany: Schleswig-Holstein); Brischke, 1888b:98 (Poland: Pomorze); Radoszkowski, 1888a:324 (male genitalia); Kohl, 1891:365 (listed); Radoszkowski, 1891:579 (reference to Radoszkowski, 1888a); Kohl, 1883e:183 (Egypt: Cairo); Baldini, 1894:61 (Italy: Modena area); De Stefani Perez, 1894:216 (Italy: Sicilia); Krieger, 1894:13 (Germany: Kingdom of Saxony); De Stefani Perez, 1895:227 (in catalog of Sicilian Hymenoptera); Lüderwaldt, 1897:31 (Poland: Pomorze); Ferton, 1899:336 (stinging prey just behind mouth); E. Saunders, 1902b:143 (British Channel Islands); Antiga and Bofill, 1904:22 (Spain: Cataluña Province); Aurivillius, 1904:272 (in revision of Swedish Sphecidae); E. Saunders, 1904c:607 (Spain: Mayorca), 639 (Spain); Zilahy Kiss, 1904:77 (Hungary); W. Schulz, 1905b:61 (Tunisia); von Heyden, 1905:82 (Germany: Hessen); Kohl, 1906a:203 (Yemen: Aden, Makalla); de Gaulle, 1908:120 (in catalog of French Hymenoptera); Kohl, 1909:373 (Tanzania: Mafia Island); Graeffe, 1911:47 (Italy: Trieste area); Morice, 1911:93 (Algeria: abundant everywhere); Birula, 1912:544 (Ukraine: Radomysl near Kiev); Schirmer, 1912:168 (Germany: Berlin area); Bouvier, 1916:205 (males burrows; gregarious nocturnal sites); R. Turner, 1918c:463 (synonymy, distribution: the whole Ethiopian Region); Strand, 1920:23 (Germany: Berlin-Dahlem); Morice, 1921:77 (Iran: Enzeli, Talish); Gennerich, 1922:42 (morphology); Maidl, 1922:69 (Albania, Croatia); Shestakov, 1922:82 (Russia: Stavropol' area); Alfken, 1924:231 (N Germany); Maidl, 1924:243 (Sudan: Sennar); Berland, 1925d:45 (in Sphecid Fauna of France); Grandi, 1926:283 (life history); Hémon, 1926:199 (France: Finistère: Fouesnant); von Schulthess, 1926b:212 (Algeria, Tunisia, Libya); Wouro, 1927:312 (apicultural pest); Grandi, 1928a:13 (nesting in hard soil, nest entrance closed when the female is inside with prey); Mellor, 1928:126 (preying at honey bee at Ghiza, Egypt), 129 (Egypt); Schouteden, 1930:93 (Zaire); Bischoff, 1931:9 (Spain); Berland, 1932a:23 (France: Var Department; utilizing old charcoal preparation sites for nesting); Giordani Soika, 1932a:21 (Italy: Lido di Venezia); Thiem, 1932:173 (mass outbreak and threat to apiculture in Werra Valley, Germany); Tinbergen, 1932:305 (life history, homing); Bernard, 1933:61 (France: Drôme: Dieulefit); Nadig, 1933:95 (Morocco); Thiem, 1933:121 (threat to apiculture in Werra Valley, Germany); Giner Marí, 1934:131 (Spain); Maidl, 1934:64 (Greece: Aegean Islands: Samos, Amorgos); Thiem, 1934:13, 43 (pest control); Bernard, 1935:62 (France: Var: Fréjus area); Goetze, 1935:304 (pest control); Hausmann, 1935:150 (mass outbreak in Düren District, Germany); Körner, 1935:274 (mass outbreak and damage to apiculture); Pelzer, 1935:310 (mass outbreak in Dinslaken District, Germany); Rudiger, 1935:57 (mass outbreak in Germany and Holland); Thiem, 1935a:348 (end of mass outbreak in Werra Valley, Germany), 1935b:112 (apicultural pest); Tinbergen, 1935:699 (analysis of preying behavior); Crèvecoeur and Maréchal, 1936:254 (Belgium); Pelzer, 1936:41 (description of morphology and nesting behavior); Roller, 1936:315 (Austria: loess cliffs at Bisamberg near Vienna); Guiglia, 1938:8 (Italy: Sardegna); Tinbergen and Kruyt, 1938:292 (study of spacial orientation); Balthasar, 1941b:112 (Czech Republic: eastern Moravia); Bræstrup and Nielsen, 1941: (Denmark); Leclercq, 1941b:13 (Belgium: Liège area); Guiglia, 1942a:55 (Greece: Rhodes Island); Audcent, 1942:25 (parasites: Metopia leucocephala Rossi, Sphecapata conica Fallén); Giner Marí, 1943a:111 (in Sphecid Fauna of Spain); Guiglia, 1943a:69 (Albania); Timon-David, 1943:29 (France: plage de Fos); Guiglia, 1944a:145 (Cyprus; also var. diadema Fabr.), 1944b:10 (Italy); Leclercq, 1944:264 (variation in population levels in Belgium); Arnold, 1945:15 (Madagascar); de Beaumont, 1947b:384 (Cyprus); Guiglia, 1947a:28 (Italy), 1948c:200 (Italy: Sardegna); de Andrade, 1949:12 (Portugal); Niesiolowski, 1950:225 (Poland: Lubasz 40 km N Tarnów); Scobiola, 1950:18 (Romania); de Beaumont, 1951c:302 (revision), 1951h:32 (Switzerland: Neuchâtel area); Leclercq, 1951b:67 (yellow body pigments are pterines); Caruel, 1952a:62 (France: Marne Department); Hirschfelder, 1952a (preying behavior); Cleu, 1953:50 (France: Ardèche River basin); Glowacki, 1953:520 (Poland: Warszawa area: Podkowa Lesna, Choszczówka); Leclercq, 1953a:249 (Belgium: particularly abundant about 1900, but infrequent between 1940 and 1952); Móczár, 1953:309 (Hungary); Bischoff and Stadler, 1954:127 (Germany: Bayern: Romberg); Grandi, 1954:236 (Italy); Aerts, 1955:63 (Germany: Rheinland; life history); Steiner, 1955:136 (France: Dordogne); Bytinski-Salz, 1956:224 (Turkey); Hirschfelder, 1956:96 (mass outbreak in Franken, Germany and its control); Leclercq, 1956g:325 (Greece); de Beaumont, 1957b:131 (n. Iran); Evans, 1957b:84 (discussion of larval characters); Grandi, 1957:387 (Italy); Pulawski, 1958a:165 (Bulgaria; diagnostic characters); Compte Sart, 1959:131 (Spain: Mayorca); de Beaumont, 1959a:11 (Italy); Suárez, 1959:54 (Spain: Almería Province); van der Vecht, 1959a:67 (Sphex xanthocephalus Forster, 1771, is the oldest name for the species [actually, it is a junior synonym of Cerceris arenaria]); Wolf, 1959b:31 (Germany: Nassau); de Beaumont, 1960a:6 (Greece: Rhodes Island); Leclercq, 1960b:130 (massive expansion in 1930s was followed by regression between 1940 and 1952); de Beaumont, 1961b:273 (Afghanistan), 1961c:45 (Greece: Crete Island), 1961e:3 (Iraq); Grandi, 1961:161 (life history), 477 (larva); Hoop, 1961:66 (Germany: Schleswig-Holstein); Leclercq, 1961d:102 (Madagascar); van der Vecht, 1961a:61 (study of type); Leclercq, 1962b:210 (Madagascar); de Beaumont, 1962b:20 (Spain); Erlandsson, 1962:208 (distribution in Scandinavia); Pohl, 1963:14 (an apicultural pest); Scobiola-Palade, 1963:825 (Romania); Babiy, 1964:117 (Austria: Land Salzburg); de Beaumont, 1965a:18 (Greece); B. Klug, 1965:138 (Germany: Rheinland); Roberti, Frilli, and Pizzaghi, 1965:109 (Italy); Piek, 1966a:191-198 (venom); Scobiola-Palade, 1966b:391 (Romania); Balthasar, Hrubant, and Hrubant, 1967:174 (Bulgaria: Slanchev Bryag near Nessebar); de Beaumont, 1967a:277 (Turkey); Heinrich, 1967:70 (Germany: Niederfranken); Niedl and Deneš, 1967:84 (Czechoslovakia); Scobiola-Palade, 1967a:161 (Romania), 1967b:39 (Romania); Benedek, 1968:71 (Hungary; floral records); Scobiola-Palade, 1968b:141 (Romania), 1968c:382 (Romania); de Beaumont, 1969:81 (Turkey); Benedek, 1969a:83 (Hungary; marshy meadow); Dathe, 1969:439 (Germany: Berlin); Romanova, 1969:133 (Russia: North Caucasus); Simon Thomas, 1969b (collection specimens for venom production); Zangheri, 1969:1700 (Italy); de Beaumont, 1970a:396 (Afghanistan), 1970c:4 (Iran: Khorassan); Benedek, 1970:96 (Hungary: Tapolca); Oehlke, 1970:679 (Democratic Germany); Dathe, 1971:234 (Germany: Berlin; phenology); Hoop, 1971:83 (Germany: Schleswig-Holstein); Piek, Mantel, and Engels, 1971:317-331 (venom causing neuromuscular block); Schmidt, 1971b:24 (Germany: Mainz area); Stritt, 1971:104 (Germany: Karlsruhe); Valetta, 1971:46 (Malta); Vegter, 1971:229 (Netherlands: Drenthe Province); Zonderwijk, 1971:79 (Netherlands); Atanassov, 1972a:191 (Bulgaria), 1972b:32, 48, 53 (Bulgaria); Balthasar, 1972:381 (Czechoslovakia; revision); Kazenas, 1972b:123 (Kazakhstan); Myartseva, 1972b:106 (parasite: Senotainia pygmaea (Rondani)); Scobiola-Palade, 1972a:149 (Romania), 1972b:251 (Romania); Simon Thomas, 1972:176 France); Simon Thomas and Poorter, 1972:141 (male behavior); Simon Thomas and Simon Thomas, 1972:123 (nesting behavior); Leclercq, 1973d:166 (regression in Belgium following cold winter of 1942); Simon Thomas and Simon Thomas Heijmans, 1973:64 (Netherlands; life history); Wolf, 1973:41 (Germany: Siegerländer Hüttensand); Erlandsson, 1974:61 (France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain); Simon Thomas, 1974:56 (Netherlands: Limburg); Simon Thomas and Veenendaal, 1974b:3 (France); Benedek, 1975:257 (Hungary; onion pollination); Lomholdt, 1975c:31 (Denmark); Piek and Nijo, 1975:199-201 (venom causing neuromuscular block in honeybee); Abdul Rassoul, 1976:31 (Iraq); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed); Simon Thomas, 1976:3 (France: Lot-et-Garonne); Simon Thomas and Simon Thomas, 1976:1-23 (Egypt: Dakhla oasis; life history); Georghiou, 1977:191 (Cyprus); Haeseler, 1977a:23 (Federal Germany), 1977b:289-292 (NW Germany); Kolesnikov, 1977:317 (Russian Federation: Bryansk Oblast'); Cruysbergh, 1978:97 (Netherlands); Erlandsson, 1978b:131-134 (Sweden); Guichard, 1978:270 (Greece); Haeseler, 1978b:63 (Federal Germany; bog); Kazenas, 1978b:46 (in key to Sphecidae of Kazakhstan and Central Asia); Leclercq, 1978b:map 1193 (distribution in Belgium); Marion, 1978:86 (France: Nièvre Department); Petit, 1978:86 (Belgium); Simon Thomas and Simon Thomas, 1978:450-456 (life history); Simon Thomas and Veenendaal, 1978:3-8 (underground activity); Schwammberger, 1978:416 (Germany: Württemberg); Lefeber, 1979:33 (Netherlands: distribution); May and Piek, 1979:685 (venom causes neuromuscular block in locust skeletal muscle); Richards, 1979:402 (British Channel Islands); Schmidt, 1979a:54 (Germany: Ost-Holstein), 1979b:298 (Federal Germany); Schwammberger, 1979:114 (Germany: Nordrhein-Westfalen: Gildehauser Venn Nature Reserve); Borg-Karlson and Tengö, 1980:828 (pyrazines as marking volatiles); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122 (specimens in M. Spinola collection); Pagliano, 1980:124 (Italy: Piemonte, Sicilia); Piek, Mantel, and Jas, 1980:345 (venom causes ion-channel block in insect muscle fibre membrane); Wollin, 1980:107 (Sweden); Gess, 1981:21 (South Africa: 18 km WNW Grahamstown; nesting in clayey friable soils); Heath and Leclercq, 1981: map 17 (distribution in Europe); Józan, 1981:304 (Hungary: Hortobágy National Park); Woydak, 1981:39 (Germany: Westfalen: Hamm); Clark, Donaldson, Gration, Lambert, Piek, Ramsey, Spanjer, and Userwood, 1992:105 (block of locust muscle glutamate receptors by d-philanthotoxin); Donath, 1982:212 (Germany: Cottbus Bezirk); Dunbar and Piek, 1982:79-84 (action of venom on insect visceral muscle); Gayubo, 1982e:109 (Spain: Cadiz Province); Leclercq, 1982a:125 (Belgium: Li?ge); Piek, 1982:311 (effects and components of venom); Piek, Spanjer, Veldsema-Currie, van Groen, de Haan, and Mantel, 1982:159-164 (effect of venom on cockroach abdominal ganglia); van Marle, Piek, Lind, and van Weeren-Kramer, 1982:343 (venom reducing glutamate uptake in nerve endings of locusts muscles); Dollfuss, 1983b:24 (Austria); Gayubo, 1983e:236 (Spain: Salamanca Province); Piek, Buitenhuis, Veldsema-Currie, and Mantel, 1983:153-159 (venom contains acetylcholine, but no histamine); Riemann, 1983:83 (Germany: Bremen-Daverden area); Schmidt and Westrich, 1983:125 (Greece); Burger, de Goffau, and Ulenberg, 1984:147 (Netherlands); Chevin and Silvestre de Sacy, 1984:10 (France: Yvelines Department); Gayubo, 1984c:382 (Portugal: El Algarve Province); Gayubo and Tormos, 1984:23 (Spain: Valencia); Haack, Tscharntke, and Vidal, 1984:132 (Germany: Hamburg area); Janzon and Svensson, 1984:183 (Sweden: Öland Island); Piek, Hue, Pelhate, David, Spanjer, and Veldsema-Currie, 1984:297-306 (philanthotoxin blocking postsynaptic membrane); Schmidt and Westrich, 1984:240 (Federal Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz: Bad Münster); Archer, 1985b:156 (Britain: Suffolk); Chevin and Chevin, 1985:39 (France: Aude); de Man, 1985:23 (Netherlands); Gayubo, 1985a:489 (prey: Apis mellifera Linnaeus); Eiroa and Novoa, 1985:23 (Spain: Pontevedra: Barra beach near Cangas); Haeseler, 1985c:571 (Federal Germany: Friesian Islands); Józan, 1985b:62 (Hungary S Lake Balaton), 82 (floral records), 85 (ecological and zoogeographic characteristics); Koster, 1985:75 (Netherlands: common along railways); Lefeber, 1985:87 (Netherlands: southern Limburg); Nilsson, 1985:43 (Sweden); Scobiola-Palade, 1985:95 (Romania: delta of Danube); Gayubo, 1986a:66 (Spain: Ciudad Real Province), 1986b:41 (Spain: Andalucía), 1986d:122 (Spain: Zamora Province), 1986f:1002 (prey); Gayubo and Sanza, 1986:84 (Spain: Burgos, Soria); Gayubo and Tormos, 1986a:19 (Spain: Castellón de la Plana); Islamov, 1986:518 (Uzbekistan: Tashkent Oblast); Józan, 1986:374 (Hungary: Kiskunság National Park); Piek, 1986b:190 (morphological and physiological differences between triangulum triangulum and triangulum abdelcader); Piek and Mantel, 1986:433 (differences in venom between Dutch and Egyptian populations); Pagliano, 1987:159 (Italy, in key); Scobiola-Palade, 1987:65 (Romania: Dobrogea); Schmidt and Westrich, 1987: (Federal Germany: Mainz area); Tormos and Jiménez, 1987a:127 (Spain: Valencia Province), 1987b:317 (Spain: Valencia Province: Dehesa de El Saler); Veenendaal, 1987:169 (parasite: Hedychrum rutilans Dahlbom); Asís and Jiménez, 1988:276 (Spain: Castellón Province); Chevin, 1988:16 (France: La Manche Department); Dollfuss, 1988:19, 30 (Austria: Bisamberg near Vienna; Niederösterreich: Oberweiden); Karsai, 1988:101 (Hungary: Kiskunság National Park); Kowalczyk, 1988a:45 (Poland: Rogów) Kowalczyk, 1988b:64 (Poland: environs of Lódz); Pagliano, 1988:138 (Italy, revision); Pulawski, 1988:34 (petition to ICZN to preserve the name); Riemann, 1988:223 (Germany: Bremen area); Wolf, 1988:143 (Germany: Rheinland-Westfalen); Archer, 1989b:232 (Great Britain: Suffolk); Borsato, 1989:201 (Italy: Lombardia: Busatello marsh); Hamon, 1989:45 (support of petition to ICZN to preserve the name); Jacobs, 1989:28 (Germany: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern); Józan, 1989:102 (Hungary: Tihany Natural Reserve); Lomholdt, 1989:45 (support of petition to ICZN to preserve the name); Pádr in Sedivy, 1989a:166 (in checklist of Czechoslovakian Sphecidae); Scobiola-Palade, 1989:87 (Romania: delta of Danube); Weiffenbach, 1989:107 (Germany: Hessen: Gießen area); Barbier, Rasmont, and Wahis, 1990:32 (Belgium: Hainaut); Gayubo, Asís, and Tormos, 1990b:80 (Spain); Jacobs and Oehlke, 1990:215 (new records from Democratic Germany); Schmidt, McDaniel, and Simon Thomas, 1990:2135 (chemistry of male mandibular gland secretions); Kowalczyk, 1990:290 (Poland: Góry Swietokrzyskie); Pagliano, 1990:95 (in catalog of Italian Sphecidae); Riemann and Melber, 1990:120 (Calluna-meadows); Rohe, 1990:1049 (Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz: Lenneberg forest); Schwammberger and Priesner, 1990:553 (Austria: Kärtnen); Day, 1991:xviii (summary of European Endangered Hymenoptera Lists); Archer, 1991a:34 (Great Britain: Isle of Wight); Gayubo, 1991a:127 (characteristics of the species); Gayubo, Borsato, and Osella, 1991:419 (Italy); Gayubo and Torres, 1991:Table I and p. 81 (Spain: Salamanca; effects of urban pressure); Guichard, 1991a:338 (Jordan); Jacobs, 1991:46 (Germany: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Nature Reserve Elbtaldünen); Jakubzik, 1991:74 (Germany: Köln); Józan, 1991:605 (Hungary: Bátorliget Nature Reserve); Karst and Piek, 1991:479 (action of philanthotoxins); Karst, Piek, Van Marle, Lind, and Weeren-Kramer, 1991:471 (action of philanthotoxins); Kuhlmann et al., 1991:92 (Germany: Senne Region); Negrisolo, 1991:323 (Italy: Gorizia, Trieste, and Venezia Provinces); Schembri, 1991:177 (Malta); Benson, Schürmann, Kaufmann, Gsell, and Piek, 1992:267 (action of philanthotoxins); H.-J.Schulz, 1991:30 (Germany: Oberlausitz: 5 km SW Wittichenau); Gayubo, Borsato, and Osella, 1992:290 (Greece, Spain); Gunnardo, 1992:59 (Sweden: Varmländ); Haeseler, 1992:354 (possibly not native on Frisean Islands); Józan, 1992a:230 (Hungary: Béda-Karapancsa Protected Area); Archer, 1993:46 (Great Britain: Channel Islands); Else, 1993a:163 (southern England); Gorobchishin, 1993:47 (Ukraine: Kanev Nature Reserve); Kuhlmann, 1993:76 (Germany: known from Westfalen); Luchetti, 1993:105 (Italy: Sardegna: Maddalena archipelago); Schuberth and Schönitzer, 1993:264 (facial fovea not found); Torregrosa, Gayubo, Tormos, and Asís, 1993:20 (Spain: Alicante Province); Archer, 1994b:104 (British Channel Islands); Blagoveshchenskaya, 1994:91 (Russia: Ul'yanovsk Oblast'); Gayubo and Borsato, 1994:219 (Italy: Valle d'Aosta, Liguria, Veneto, Toscana, Sardegna); Gess and Gess, 1994:100 (visiting flowers of Aspalathus linearis); Guichard, 1994a:209 (Arabian Peninsula); Schmid-Egger, 1994a:688 (Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz: Höllenberg near Grünstadt); Tormos, Asís, and Gayubo, 1994:190, 225 (Spain: Albacete Province); Baumgarten, 1995:35 (parasite: Hedychrum rutilans, a chrysidid); Else, 1995a:24 (records from southern England for 1993), 1995b:205 (records from southern England for 1994); Józan, 1995:105 (Hungary: projected Duna-Dráva National Park); Krasnobayev et al., 1995:139 (Russia: Zhiguli Hills NW Samara); Negrisolo, 1995:18 (visiting flowers of Eryngium maritimum L.), 19 (visiting flowers of Echinophora spinosa L.), 22 (Italy: Veneto); Pagliano and Pesarini, 1995:92 (Italy: Ferrara Province); Schmid-Egger, Risch, and Niehuis, 1995:187 (color photograph), 205 (summary of records from Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz Province); Archer, 1996a:59 (Great Britain: Channel Islands); S. Gess, 1996:269, 294 (floral records); Harvey and Plant, 1996:81 (Great Britain: summary of records from Essex); Jakubzik, 1996:253 (Germany: Köln); Jakubzik and Cölln, 1996b:400 (Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz); Pawlikowski and Kruszynski, 1996:87 (Poland: Torun Basin); Schmid-Egger, Schmidt, and Doczkal, 1996:378 (Germany: Baden-Württemberg: not endangered); Voblenko, Gorobchishin, and Nesterov, 1996:15 (Ukraine: Polesye Region); Minoranskiy and Shkuratov, 1996:81 (Russia: Rostov Oblast'); Witt, 1996:106 (Germany: Brandenburg); Woydak, 1996:98 (Germany: Westfalen: summary of distribution and life history); Wu and Zhou, 1996:162 (revision in Economic Insect Fauna of China); Bitsch, Barbier, Gayubo, Schmidt, and Ohl, 1997:292 (in Sphecid Fauna of Western Europe); Hansen, 1997:189 (southeastern Norway, first country records); Madl, 1997:821 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 822 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae); Schmidt and Schmid-Egger, 1997:26 (in checklist of German Sphecidae); Strohm and Linsenmair, 1997a:423 (more sons are produced when prey is restricted), 1997b:23 (minimum prey number to produce a daughter is three; smaller females produce more sons); Dollfuss, Gusenleitner, and Bregant, 1998:525 (Austria: summary of collecting records from Burgenland); Drewes, 1998:49 (Germany: Niedersachsen: Goldbeck 26 km WSW Hamburg); Jakubzik, Schlüter, and Cölln, 1998:1182, 1184 (Germany: Rheinland-Pfalz); Strohm and Linsenmair, 1998:330 (females produce more sons than daughters, regardless of weather conditions); Herrmann, 1999:7 (Germany: Niedersachsen: Oldenburg area; habitats size); Pauly, 1999:111 (in catalog of Belgian aculeates); Zehnder and Zettel, 1999:131 (Switzerland: recolonization of flooded area in Valais Canton).

Vespa fasciata Fourcroy, 1785:433.

Sphex maculatus Christ, 1791:287.

Vespa limbata Olivier, 1792. Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum by Kohl, 1891:365 (or an earlier author?).

Crabro androgynus Rossi, 1792:138. Synonymized with Philanthus apivorus by Spinola, 1806:96. – Curtis, 1829:pl.273 (illustration); Guérin-Méneville, 1835:pl. 71, Fig. 8 (illustrations of various morphological details), 1844:442 (explanations of his 1835 figure, androgynus is a junior synonym of triangulum).

Philanthus pictus Panzer, 1797. Synonymized with Philanthus apivorus by Spinola, 1806:96. – Fabricius, 1804:302 (redescription); Thunberg, 1815b:289 (diagnostic characters), 295 (redescription).

Philanthus discolor Panzer, 1799. Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum by Kohl, 1891:365 (or an earlier author?). – von Siebold, 1839:53 (Germany: Danzig, now Poland: Gdansk).

Philanthus apivorus Latreille, 1799:50, sex not indicated. Syntypes: Paris area (lost). Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum by Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:34 – Spinola, 1806:95 (Italy: Liguria); de Saussure, 1854:8 (belongs to a section with sessile gaster); Dusmet y Alonso, 1906:7 (Spain); Ferton, 1910:15t5 (sand closure of nest cell); Dusmet y Alonso, 1915:87 (Spain: Aragón); Lhéritier, 1946:28 (Morocco: Marrakech; life history); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122 (specimens in M. Spinola collection).

Philanthus allionii Dahlbom, 1845:495, (as Allionii , incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or syntypes: , Prussia (depository?). Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum by Kohl, 1891:366 (or an earlier author?). – Dalla Torre, 1897:492 (in catalog of world Sphecidae, as allwini); de Beaumont, 1953h:197 (type material not represented in Dahlbom's collection in Lund).

ssp. abdelcader Lepeletier

Philanthus abdelcader Lepeletier, 1845:33, , (as Abdelcader, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Algeria: Oran (MNHN?). – Lucas, 1849:257 (Algeria; as Abdelkader), 1880:CXXXVII (Egypt: Ramlé near Alexandria); Girard, 1881:CXXVIII (Algeria: Palestro; pest of honeybee); Kohl, 1891:366 (as synonym of Philanthus triangulum); Roth, 1917:63 (nesting behavior, as abdelkader); Lhéritier, 1946:28 (Morocco: Marrakech; life history; as Abd-el-Kader); Bradley, 1957:49 (Lepeletier's specimens in Turin); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122 (specimens in M. Spinola collection, as abdel-kader). – As Trachypus abdel-kader: Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122 (specimens in M. Spinola collection). – As Philanthus diadema var. abdelkader: Gribodo, 1880:400 (Tunisia); A. Costa, 1893b:8 (Tunisia); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Antananarivo). – As Philanthus triangulum f. abdelkader: Balthasar, 1954b:279 (Palestine: Jerusalem and Jericho); – As Philanthus triangulum abdelcader: Mochi, 1939a:90 (Egypt; as Philanthus triangulum var. Abdelkader); de Beaumont, 1949b:180 (North Africa; revision), 1950f:396 (Algeria, Morocco), 1953g:118 (Morocco), 1956a:183 (Libya); Guiglia, 1957:144 (Italy: Isole Pelagie); de Beaumont and Bytinski-Salz, 1959:141 (Israel); de Beaumont, 1960b:229 (Libya), 1966:211 (Egypt: Abukir); Krombein, 1969a:8 (preying on honeybee in Egypt); Myartseva, 1972a:91 (Turkmenistan); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed); Guichard, 1980:230; Pagliano and Scaramozzino, 1995:730 (Italy: Island of Lampedusa).

ssp. bimaculatus Magretti

Philanthus triangulum var. bimaculatus Magretti, 1908:188, (as bimaculatum, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: Kenya: Nairobi and Lumbwa (MNHN). – As Philanthus triangulum bimaculatus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed).

ssp. diadema (Fabricius)

Crabro diadema Fabricius, 1781:471, sex not indicated. Holotype or syntypes: South Africa: Cape of the Good Hope (BMNH, Banks coll.). – Fabricius, 1787:297 (redescription), 1790:225 (redescription). – As Philanthus diadema: Fabricius, 1793:289 (new combination, redescription), 1804:302 (redescription); Thunberg, 1815a:127 (diagnostic characters), 129 (redescription), 1815b:287 (diagnostic characters); F. Smith, 1856:471 (listed); Radoszkowski, 1876b:137 (Egypt); Gribodo, 1884:8 (Egypt); de Saussure, 1892:534 (Madagascar); W. Schulz, 1911b:170 (Gribodo's specimen from Somalia is Philanthus triangulum); Schouteden, 1930:93 (Zaire); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:122 (specimens in M. Spinola collection). – As Philanthus triangulum var. diadema: Taschenberg, 1875:404 (Egypt); Gribodo, 1894:129 (Mozambique: Magnarra River), 1895:351 (Mozambique); Bingham, 1902:212 (South Africa, Malawi); Cameron, 1908a:269 (Tanzania: Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Meru), 1910:145 (South Africa: Transvaal); Bischoff, 1912:225 (Zaire: Kassenge at Lake Edward); Arnold, 1925:144 (revision); Scott in Arnold, 1933a:369 (Ethiopia: Harar District); Bischoff, 1933:5 (Morocco); Giordani Soika, 1939c:101 (Eritrea: Asmara: Adi Caie); Guiglia, 1938:8 (Italy: Sardegna); Guiglia, 1940b:287 (Somalia); Leclercq, 1955i:408 (Burundi). – As Philanthus triangulum diadema: van der Vecht, 1961a:61 (discussion of type material); de Beaumont, 1967b:505 (South Africa: Natal); Bonelli, 1976:228 (nesting behavior); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed); S. Gess, 1996:280 (floral records); Rodgers and Homewood, 1982:233 (Tanzania: Usambara Mountains).

Philanthus frontalis Gerstaecker in Peters, 1858:509, . Holotype or syntypes: , Mozambique: no specific locality (ZMHU). – Kohl, 1891:364 (listed);

Philanthus frontalis Gerstaecker, 1862:473, . Objective synonym of Philanthus frontalis Gerstaecker, 1858.

Philanthus transversus Cameron, 1910:147, . Holotype or syntypes: , South Africa: Transvaal: no specific locality (TMP). Synonymized with Philanthus triangulum diadema by Brauns, 1917:241.

ssp. obliteratus Pic

Philanthus obliteratus Pic, 1917. – As Philanthus triangulum obliteratus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:566 (listed).

Pison Jurine in Spinola, 1808:255. Type species: Pison jurini Spinola, 1808 [recte jurinei, = Alyson ater Spinola, 1808], by monotypy.

Tachybulus Latreille, 1809:75. Type species: Tachybulus niger Latreille, 1809 [= Alysson ater Spinola, 1808], by monotypy.

Nephridia Brullé, 1833b:408. Type species: Nephridia xanthopus Brullé, 1833, by monotypy.

Pisonitus Shuckard, 1838:79. Type species: Pison argentatum Shuckard, 1838, designated by Pate, 1937c:51.

Pisum Agassiz, 1846:293, junior homonym of Pisum Megerle, 1811. Unjustified emendation of Pison Jurine, 1808.

Pisonoides F. Smith, 1858:104 (authorship attributed to Shuckard, as subgenus of Pison). Type species: Pison obliteratum F. Smith, 1858, by monotypy.

Parapison F. Smith, 1869a:298. Type species: Pisonoides obliteratum F. Smith, 1858, designated by Pate, 1837c:47.

Pseudonysson Radoszkowski, 1876a:104. Type species: Pseudonysson fasciatus Radoszkowski, 1876, by monotypy.

Taranga W.F. Kirby, 1883:201. Type species: Taranga dubia W.F. Kirby, 1883 [= Pison spinolae Shuckard, 1838].

Paraceramius Radoszkowski, 1887c:432, junior homonym of Paraceramius de Saussure, 1854. Type species: Paraceramius koreensis Radoszkowski, 1887, by monotypy.

Pisum W. Schulz, 1906:212, junior homonym of Pisum Megerle, 1811 and Pisum Agassiz, 1846. Unjustified emendation of Pison Jurine, 1808.

Krombeiniellum Richards, 1962:118. Replacement name for Paraceramaius Radoszkowski, 1887.

Entomopison Menke, 1968a:5. Type species: Pison pilosum F. Smith, by original designation.

argentatum Shuckard

Pison argentatum Shuckard, 1838:79, (as argentatus, incorrect original termination). Holotype or syntypes: , Mauritius: no specific locality (OXUM?). – F. Smith, 1856:314 (listed); R. Turner, 1916g:594 (in key), 619 (revision); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:114 (specimens in M. Spinola collection); D. Baker, 1998:173 (type origin and depository). – As Pison argentatum: Kohl, 1885a:186 (listed); de Saussure, 1892:528 (Madagascar, redescription); Bingham, 1897:220 (redescription); R. Turner, 1911b:371 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:32 (Isle of Réunion: life history, occasional cleptoparasitism using nests of Sceliphron hemipterum, now fuscum); Kohl in Bordage, 1912:86 (description of ); R. Perkins, 1912:727 (introduced into Hawaiii); Maidl, 1924:234 (Sudan: Atbara), 1925a:390 (Indonesia: Sumatra); F. Williams, 1927:438 (makes little cells of mud); Swezey, 1942:185 (Guam, life history); Arnold, 1945:3 (Madagascar; in key); Krombein, 1949b:384 (in key to Sphecidae of Micronesia), 403 (diagnostic characters; Mariana and Caroline Islands), 1950b:139 (additional Micronesian localities); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles); Evans, 1957b:98 (larva); Yoshimoto, 1960:334 (Hawaiian Islands); Tsuneki, 1963c:11 (Thailand); Iwata, 1964b:374 (nesting behavior in Thailand); Yoshimoto, 1965:291 (nesting); Tsuneki, 1974b:636 (Thailand); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:335 (listed); Tsuneki, 1983a:89 (Philippines; taxonomic comments), 102 (in key); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:832 (Seychelles Islands). – As Pisonitus argentatus: F. Smith:1869a:298 (new combination, in checklist of Pisonitus).

Pison fuscipalpe Cameron, 1901a:27, . Holotype or syntypes: Singapore (BMNH). Synonymized with Pison argentatum by R. Turner, 1916g:619.

Pisonitus argenteus Ashmead, 1904d:131, . Holotype: , Philippines: Bacoor (USNM). Synonymized with Pison argentatum by R. Turner, 1916g:619. – Ashmead, 1904d:150 (Philippines).

humile Arnold

Pison humile Arnold, 1945:5, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:336 (listed).

lobiferum Arnold

Pison lobiferum Arnold, 1945:6, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:336 (listed).

mimicum Arnold

Pison mimicum Arnold, 1945:4, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Perinet (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:336 (listed; misspelled minicum); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island, as mimicus), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae, as mimicus).

seyrigi Arnold

Pison seyrigi Arnold, 1945:3, , (as Seyrigi, incorrect original spelling). Syntypes: Madagascar: Ivondro (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:336 (listed); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Podalonia Spinola, 1853:53. Suppressed by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1968:88 (Opinion 857).

Podalonia Fernald, 1927:11. Validated by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1968:88 (Opinion 857). Type species: Ammophila violaceipennis Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845, designated by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1968:88 (Opinion 857).

Psammophila Dahlbom, 1842:2, junior homonym of Psammophila Brown, 1827. Type species: Psammophila affinis (W. Kirby, 1798) [= Ammophila affinis W. Kirby, 1798], designated by Fernald, 1927:11.

canescens madecassa (Kohl)

As Ammophila capensis de Saussure, 1892:438 (Madagascar), corrected to Ammophila madecassa by Kohl, 1909:372.

Ammophila madecassa Kohl, 1909:372, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Imerina (ZMHU or SIF). – As Sphex tydei race madecassa: Arnold, 1945:87 (Madagascar; new status); Leclercq, 1961d:106 (Madagascar, as var. madecassa). – As Podalonia canescens madecassa: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:144 (new combination, listed).

Polemistus de Saussure, 1892:565. Type species: Polemistus macilentus de Saussure, 1892, designated by Pate, 1937c:52.

Asiatomistus Tsuneki, 1992b:53. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13b).

Asiatomistus Tsuneki, 1993:38. Type species: Passaloecus barrabas Pagden, 1933, by original designation.

macilentus de Saussure

Polemistus macilentus de Saussure, 1892:567, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bezanozano Province: Anosibé (MHNG). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:185 (listed). – As Passaloecus macilentus: W. Schulz, 1911b:142 (new combination, redescription); Arnold, 1945:151 (Madagascar; revision); Leclercq, 1959a:50 (in key).

Prionyx Vander Linden, 1827:362. Type species: Ammophila kirbii Vander Linden, 1827, by monotypy.

Priononyx Dahlbom, 1843:28. Type species: Pepsis thomae (Fabricius, 1804) [= Sphex thomae Fabricius, 1775], by monotypy.

Enodia Dahlbom, 1843:28, junior homonym of Enodia Hübner, 1819. Type species: Sphex albisectus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Serville, 1828 [= Ammophila kirbii Vander Linden, 1827], designated by Kohl, 1885b:164.

Harpactopus F. Smith, 1856:264. Type species: Harpactopus crudelis F. Smith, designated by Patton, 1880a:384.

Parasphex F. Smith, 1856:267. Type species: Sphex albisectus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Serville, 1828 [= Ammophila kirbii Vander Linden, 1827], designated by Kohl, 1885b:164.

Gastrosphaeria A. Costa, 1858:10. Type species: Gastrospheria anthracina A. Costa, 1858 [= Sphex subfuscatus Dahlbom, 1845], by monotypy.

Pseudosphex Taschenberg, 1869:420, junior homonym of Pseudosphex Hübner, 1818.. Type species: Pseudosphex pumilio Taschenberg, 1869, by monotypy.

Calosphex Kohl, 1890b:113. Type species: Sphex niveatus Dufour, 1853, designated by Pate, 1937c:15. – As Callosphex: Rohwer, 1913:450 (misspelling).

Neosphex Reed, 1894:627. Type species: Neosphex albospiniferus Reed, 1894, by monotypy.

crudelis (F. Smith)

Sphex rufipennis Fabricius, 1793:200, sex not indicated, primary homonym of Sphex rufipennis De Geer, 1778. Syntypes: , India: Tamil Nadu: Tranquebar (ZMK). – Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:334 (revision); F. Smith, 1856:252 (listed, probably a Brazilian species); Taschenberg, 1869:411 (redescription based on specimens from Brazil); nec Kohl, 1885b:198; Ed. André, 1888:150 (in revision of Sphecidae of Europe and Algeria), 9* (bibliographic references); Cameron, 1889c:108 (listed), 112 (records from South America refer to a different species; specimens described by Kohl, 1885b:198, are luteipennis); Kohl, 1889a:26 (specimens treated under this name by André, 1888, are several species); Kohl, 1890:408 (as a variety of Sphex argentatus which = Sphex diabolicus); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:102 (specimens in M. Spinola collection). – As Sphex umbrosus var. rufipennis: Ashmead, 1904d:150 (Philippines).

? Sphex hirtipes Fabricius, 1793:207, sex not indicated. Holotype or syntypes: Guinea (depository?), primary homonym of Sphex hirtipes De Geer, 1778. Tentatively synonymized with Harpactopus crudelis by Kohl, 1890:351. – van der Vecht, 1961a:32 (type material lost, may be a synonym of Sphex obscurus); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:102 (specimens in M. Spinola collection).

Sphex aegyptius Lepeletier, 1845:356, sex not indicated (as Aegyptia, incorrect original capitalization and termination), primary homonym of Sphex aegyptius Linnaeus, 1758. Lectotype: , Egypt: no specific locality (Torino), designated by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:133. – Taschenberg, 1869:412 (redescription, as aegyptica); Kohl, 1885b:181 (in revision of Palearctic Sphex); Ed. André, 1888:148 (in revision of Sphecidae of Europe and Algeria), 9* (bibliographic references); Cameron, 1889c:106 (listed); Kohl, 1889a:25 (comparison with Sphex subfuscatus); de Saussure, 1892:424 (Madagascar and Mauritius, redescription); Kohl, 1883e:183 (Tanzania: Bagamoyo); Bingham, 1897:245 (redescription); Kohl, 1906a:197 (Yemen: Aden), 1909:370 (Comoros); R. Turner, 1911b:370 (Seychelles Islands); Maidl, 1913:560 (Egypt: Helwan); Strand, 1916b:102 (German East Africa); Maidl, 1924:246 (Sudan: Bara, Gullfan); Berland, 1926c:200 (miscellaneous locality records); von Schulthess, 1927:299 (Iran: Bushehr); Schouteden, 1930:95 (Zaire); Gussakovskij, 1933b:278 (Iran); Giordani Soika, 1939c:105 (Eritrea: Asmara, as aegyptium); Berland, 1956:1169 (in revision of African Sphecini); Bradley, 1957:40 (Lepeletier's specimens in Turin); Georghiou, 1977:191 (Cyprus); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:103 (specimens in M. Spinola collection; as aegyptia). – As Priononyx aegyptia: F. Smith, 1856:266 (new combination, listed). – As Chlorion aegyptium: Arnold, 1928c:359 (revision); Scott in Arnold, 1933a:370 (Ethiopia); Arnold, 1935b:1 and 8 (Mauritania: Nema).

Harpactopus crudelis F. Smith, 1856:264, . Holotype or syntypes: , India: Madras (BMNH). Synonymized with Sphex aegyptius Lepeletier by Kohl, 1885b:181, and with Sphex rufipennis Fabricius by van der Vecht, 1961a:34. – Magretti, 1883:249 (E Africa), 1884b:582 (Ethiopia: Metemma). – As Sphex crudelis: de Beaumont, 1949a:137 (Sphex crudelis, and not soror, is the correct name for aegyptius Lepeletier, nec Linnaeus), 1950d:7 (Egypt: Siwa oasis); Leclercq, 1955h:25 (bibliographic references, faunal records from Africa); de Beaumont, 1960a:5 (Greece: Rhodes Island), 1961e:2 (Iraq); Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar); de Beaumont, 1962c:221 (Arabia: Riyadh); Diniz, 1964b:237 (Guinea Bissau, redescription); de Beaumont, 1966:211 (Egypt: Abukir), 1967a:273 (Turkey), 1968b:149 (member of subfuscatus species group); Guiglia, 1968:164 (Yemen); de Beaumont, 1970c:4 (Iran: Khorassan); Erlandsson, 1974:58 (Greece); Kazenas, 1978b:41 (in key to Sphecidae of Kazakhstan and Central Asia). – As Prionyx crudelis: Myartseva, 1972a:84 (Turkmenistan); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:133 (listed); Guichard, 1988a:121 (Arabian Peninsula); Jha and Farooqi, 1994:11 (description and illustration of male genitalia).

Sphex grandis Radoszkowski, 1876b:132, . Holotype or syntypes: , Ethiopia: no specific locality (Kraków). Synonymized with Sphex aegyptius by Ed. André, 1888:*9.

? Sphex aegyptius var. turcomanicus Radoszkowski, 1893a:58, sex not indicated. Syntypes: Turkmenistan: Serax (Kraków).

Psen Latreille, 1796:122 (no included species). Type species: Sphex ater Fabricius, 1794 [= Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], designated by Latreille, 1802b:338 (first included species).

Psenus Rafinesque, 1815:124. Emendation of Psen Latreille,1796.

Psenia Stephens, 1829b:361. Type species: Sphex ater Fabricius, 1794 [= Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], designated by Pate, 1937c:54.

Dahlbomia Wissmann, 1849:9. Type species: Sphex ater Fabricius, 1794 [= Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], by monotypy.

Mesopora Wesmael, 1852:279. Type species: Psen ater of Vander Linden, 1829 [= Sphex ater of Panzer, 1799 = Sphex ater Fabricius, 1794 = Crabro ater Olivier, 1792], by monotypy.

Caenopsen Cameron, 1899:55. Type species: Caenopsen fuscinervis Cameron, 1899, by monotypy.

leclercqi van Lith

Psen leclercqi van Lith, 1974a:53, . Holotype: , Madagascar: no specific locality (FSAG). – van Lith, 1974a:96 (probable member of subgenus Psen), 98 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:629 (listed).

Pseneo Malloch, 1933:7. Type species: Psen kohlii W. Fox, 1898, by original designation.

madecassus Arnold

Psen madecassus Arnold, 1945:152, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ranomafana, Ivondro (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961a:15 (listed), 1961d:117 (Madagascar); van Lith, 1974a:56 (supplementary descripiton), 97 (probably member of subgenus Punctipsen), 98 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:166 (listed). – As Pseneo madecassus: Budrys, 1988:109 (new combination).

Psenulus Kohl, 1897:293. Type species: "Mimesa fuscipennis Dahlbom" [= Psen fuscipennis Dahlbom,1843], designated by Ashmead, 1899:224.

Neofoxia Viereck, 1901b:338. Type species: Psen atratus of Panzer, 1806 [= Trypoxylon atratum Fabricius, 1804 = Sphex pallipes Panzer, 1798], by original designation.

Stenomellinus W.Schulz, 1911b:142. Type species: Psen dilectus de Saussure, 1892, by monotypy.

Eopsenulus Gussakovskij, 1934b:84. Type species: Psenulus iwatai Gusssakovskij, 1934, by original designation.

Nipponopsen Yasumatsu, 1938:84. Type species: Nipponopsen anomoneure Yasumatsu, 1938, by original designation.

alboscutellatus Arnold

Psenulus reticulosus var. alboscutellatus Arnold, 1945:156, . Syntypes: Madagascar: Ivondro, Perinet, Ranomafana, Rogez (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961a:30 (Madagascar: Analandraraka, Mandaraka). – As Psenulus alboscutellatus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:172 (listed).

dilectus (de Saussure)

Psen dilectus de Saussure, 1892:571, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: Imerina Province: no specific locality (MHNG). – As Psenulus dilectus: W. Schulz, 1911b:141 (new combination, redescription); Arnold, 1945:154 (Madagascar; redescription); Leclercq, 1961a:30 (listed), 1961d:117 (Madagascar); van Lith, 1974a:8 (diagnostic characters), 98 (member of capensis species group), 99 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:172 (listed).

fulgidus Arnold

Psenulus fulgidus Arnold, 1945:156, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily, Ranomafana (MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:154 (in key); Leclercq, 1961a:30 (listed, Madagascar: Fort-Dauphin); van Lith, 1974a:69 (comparison with Psenulus reticulosus), 99 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:152 (listed).

reticulosus Arnold

Psenulus reticulosus Arnold, 1945:154, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Perinet, Rogez (MNHN). – Arnold, 1945:154 (in key); Leclercq, 1961a:30 (listed, Madagascar: Mandaraka), 1961d:117 (Madagascar); van Lith, 1974a:70 (supplementary description), 97 (closely related to Psenulus sapobaensis), 99 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:173 (listed).

Pseudoplisus Ashmead, 1899d:323. Type species: Gorytes floridanus W. Fox, 1891 [= Pseudoplisus smithii floridanus (W. Fox, 1891)], by original designation.

ranosahae (Arnold)

Gorytes ranosahae Arnold, 1945:54, , (as Ranosahae, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Ambositra, Ivondro, Rogez (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:100 (Madagascar), 1961d:102 (Madagascar). – As Pseudoplisus ranosahae: R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1976:503 (new combination); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar); Callan, 1991d:1612 (life history).

Euplilis Risso, 1826:227. Type species: Euplilis rufiventris (Panzer, 1799) [= Crabro rufiventris Panzer, 1799 = Sphex clavipes Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Pate, 1935:246. Suppressed by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1978:237 (Opinion 1106).

Rhopalum Stephens, 1829a:34. Type species: Crabro rufiventris Panzer, 1799 [= Sphex clavipes Linnaeus, 1758], designated by J. Curtis, 1837:text accompanying plate 656. See also Stephens, 1829b:366 and J. Curtis, 1829:123.

Physoscelus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:804. Type species: Crabro rufiventris Panzer, 1799 [= Sphex clavipes Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Westwood, 1839:80.

Corynopus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835:802. Type species: Crabro tibialis of Panzer, 1801 [= Crabro tibialis of Panzer, 1801 [= Crabro tibialis Fabricius, 1798 = Sphex coarctatus Scopoli, 1763], by monotypy.

Dryphus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840:123. Type species: Crabro tibialis Fabricius, 1798 = Sphex coarctatus Scopoli, 1763], by monotypy.

Physoscelis Westwood, 1839:80. Lapsus or emendation of Physoscelus Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau and Brullé, 1835.

Alliognathus Ashmead, 1899d:219. Type species: Crabro occidentalis W. Fox, 1895, by original designation. Synonymized with Corynopus by Court and R. Bohart in Bohart and Menke, 1975:47.

Calceorhopalum Tsuneki, 1952b:111. Type species: Rhopalum calceatum (Tsuneki, 1947) [= Crabro calceatus Tsuneki, 1947, primary homonym of Crabro calceatus Rossi, 1794 = Rhopalum pygidiale R. Bohart, 1976], by original designation.

Latrorhopalum Tsuneki, 1952b:111. Type species: Rhopalum latronum (Kohl, 1915) [= Crabro latronum, by original designation.

Aporhopalum Leclercq, 1955k:3. Type species: Rhopalum perforator F. Smith, 1876, by original designation.

Zelorhopalum Leclercq, 1955k:4. Type species: Rhopalum aucklandi Leclercq, 1955, by original designation.

Notorhopalum Leclercq, 1979b:354, as subgenus of Rhopalum. Type species: Rhopalum carnegiacum Leclercq, 1979, by original designation and monotypy.

ichneumoniforme (Arnold)

Thyreopus ichneumoniformis Arnold, 1927:130, , . Syntypes: South Africa: Cape Province: Mossel Bay (BMNH). – As Crabro ichneumoniformis: Arnold, 1945:169 (Madagascar). – As Rhopalum ichneumoniforme: Leclercq, 1954c:185 (new combination, listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:389 (listed).

Sceliphron Klug, 1801:561. Type species: Sphex spirifex Linnaeus, 1758, designated by Bingham, 1897:235.

Pelopoeus Latreille, 1802b:334. Type species: Pelopoeus spirifex, Fab." [= Pelopoeus spirifex of Fabricius, 1804 = Sphex spirifex Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Latreille, 1810:438.

Pelopaeus Latreille, 1804:180. Lapsus or emendation of Pelopoeus.

Sceliphrum W. Schulz, 1906:192. Emendation of Sceliphron Klug, 1801.

Prosceliphron van der Vecht in van der Vecht and van Breugel, 1968:192, junior homonym of Prosceliphron Frenguelli, 1946. Type species: Sceliphron coromandelicum (Lepeletier, 1845) [= Pelopaeus coromandelicus Lepeletier, 1845], by original designation.

Hensenia Pagliano and Scaramozzino, 1990:5. Replacement name for Prosceliphron van der Vecht, 1968. May by unnecessary because Prosceliphron Frenguelli, 1946 is in doubt under Article 13 (Menke, 1990:29).

fuscum Klug

Sphex hemipterus Fabricius, 1798:244, sex not indicated, primary homonym of Sphex hemipterus Scopoli, 1772. Lectotype: , "Isle de France" (MNHN, coll. Bosc), designated by van der Vecht, 1961a:43 (use of word "type"). – As Pelopaeus hemipterus: Fabricius, 1804:204 (new combination, redescription); Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:311 (revision, recorded from France); F. Smith, 1856:229 (listed); Casolari and Casolari Moreno, 1980:101 (specimens in M. Spinola collection). – As Sceliphron hemipterum: de Saussure, 1892:440 (Madagascar); Pérez, 1895b:210 (Seychelles Islands); Cameron, 1907e:75 (Seychelles Islands; redescritpion); Kohl, 1909:371 (Madagascar); Turner, 1911b:369 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:45 (Réunion Island: use of provisioned nests by Pison argentatum), 68 (Réunion Island: life history); R. Turner, 1919b:238 (New Caledonia); Kohl, 1918:108 (revision); Friederichs, 1918:30 (life history); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Antananarivo, Diego Suarez); Arnold, 1945:86 (Madagascar); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1950:75 (Seychelles Islands; nesting behavior); Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles); Leclercq, 1961d:106 (Madagascar); van der Vecht and van Breugel, 1968:237 (revision), 254 (hemipterum is invalid junior homonym).

Sceliphron fuscum Klug, 1801:566, sex not indicated. Holotype or syntypes: "Isle de France" (ZMHU). – Strand, 1915:91 (as synonym of Sceliphron coromandelicum; authorship attributed to Lepeletier); van der Vecht and van Breugel, 1968:237 (as synonym of Sceliphron hemipterum); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:105 (listed); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:831 (Seychelles Islands); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

Sceliphron quodi Vachal, 1907:144, , . Syntypes: New Caledonia: no specific locality (MNHN). Synonymized with Sceliphron hemipterum by van der Vecht and van Breugel, 1968:237. – Vachal, 1908:23 (New Caledonia); Kohl, 1918:138 (original description copied).

SOLIERELLA

Solierella Spinola, 1851a:349. Type species: Solierella chilensis Spinola, 1851, by monotypy.

Sylaon Piccioli, 1869a:pl. 1. Type species: Silaon compeditus Piccioli, 1869, by monotypy.

Silaon Piccioli, 1869b:283. Lapsus or emendation of Sylaon Piccioli, 1869.

Niteliopsis S. Saunders, 1873:410. Type species: Niteliopsis pisonoides S. Saunders, 1873, by monotypy. Gender: feminine (Article 30a of the Code).

Ammosphecidium Kohl, 1878:701. Type species: Ammosphecidium helleri Kohl, 1878 [= Silaon compeditus Piccioli, 1869], by monotypy.

Lautara Herbst, 1920a:217. Type species: Lautara jaffueli Herbst, 1920, by monotypy.

madagascariensis Arnold

Solierella madagascariensis Arnold, 1945:139, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:313 (listed); Lomholdt, 1985:54 (revision); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39 (paratypes in Bulawayo Museum).

pallidipes Arnold

Solierella pallidipes Arnold, 1945:140, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:313 (listed); Lomholdt, 1985:56 (revision); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39 (paratypes in Bulawayo Museum).

Sphecius Dahlbom, 1843:154. Type species: Sphecius speciosus Dahlbom, 1843 (secondary homonym of Sphecius speciosus (Drury, 1773)) [= Sphex specious Drury, 1773], by monotypy.

Hogardia Dufour, 1841:228. Type species: Hogardia dufourrii Dufour, 1841, by monotypy. Not available: published in synonymy of Stizus nigricornis (Article 11e).

Hogardia Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845:288. Type species: Hogardia rufescens Lepeletier, 1845 [= Stizus hogardi Latreille, 1806, by tautonymy (Article 68d)].

Sphecienus Patton, 1879c:345. Type species: Stizus nigricornis Dufour, 1838, by original designation

Nothosphecius Pate, 1936d:199. Type species: Stizus grandidieri de Saussure, 1887, by original designation.

grandidieri (de Saussure)

Stizus grandidieri de Saussure, 1887:9, (as Grandidieri, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MNHN). – de Saussure, 1892:463 (Madagascar). – As Sphecius grandidieri: Handlirsch, 1895:958 (new combination; redescription); Kohl, 1909:373 (Madagascar: Toliara); Arnold, 1945:67 (Madagascar; redescription); Evans, 1966d:111 (synopsis of known behavior); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:511 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar).

Sphecius freyi Handlirsch, 1891:27, (as Freyi, incorrect original capitalization) (possibly 1892). Syntypes: , Madagascar: Nosibé (NHMW). Synonymized with Sphecius grandidieri by de Saussure, 1892:463.

Sphex Linnaeus, 1758:569. Type species: Sphex flavipennis Fabricius, 1793, designated by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1946:571 (Opinion 180) which reversed its earlier designation as type of Sphex sabulosus Linnaeus, 1758 (1911:76, Opinion 32).

Sphaex Scopoli, 1772:122. Lapsus or emendation of Sphex Linnaeus, 1758.

Ammobia Billberg, 1820:105. Type species Pepsis argentata (Fabricius, 1804) [= Sphex argentatus Fabricius, 1787], designated by Rohwer, 1911c:153

Proterosphex Fernald, 1905:163. Type species: Sphex maxillosus Fabricius, 1793, junior homonym of Sphex maxillosus Poiret, 1787 [= Sphex funerarius Gussakovskij, 1934].

Fernaldina R. Bohart and Menke, 1963:130. Type species: Sphex lucae de Saussure, 1867. By monotypy.

fumicatus voeltzkowii Kohl

Sphex umbrosus var. voeltzkowii Kohl, 1909:370, (as Voeltzkowii, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Tamatave, now Toamasina (ZMHU or SIF). – As Chlorion umbrosum var. Voeltzkowi: Arnold, 1945:89 (Madagascar; redescription). – As Sphex umbrosus voeltzkowi: Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar). – As Sphex fumicatus voeltzkowii: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:115 (listed).

malagassus de Saussure

Sphex malagassus de Saussure, 1890:pl. 18, fig. 38, . Holotype: , illustrated specimen, Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). – Berland, 1927:153 (Madagascar); Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:115 (listed).

Sphex malagassus de Saussure, 1891:259, , . Objective synonym of Sphex malagassus de Saussure, 1890 .

Sphex malagassus de Sausure, 1892:259, , . Objective synonym of Sphex malagassus de Saussure, 1890. – Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae). – As Chlorion malagassum: Arnold, 1945:89 (new combination, Madagascar, redescription).

torridus F. Smith

Sphex torridus F. Smith, 1873c:291, (as torrida, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (BMNH). – de Saussure, 1892:426 (Madagascar, redescription); Kohl, 1909:370 (Comoros, Madagascar, Mozambique Channel); Turner, 1911b:369 (Seychelles Islands); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Antananarivo); Berland, 1927:153 (Madagascar); Leclercq, 1953b:211 (Madagascar); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles); Leclercq, 1961d:108 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:117 (listed); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae). – As Chlorion torridum: Arnold, 1945:90 (Madagascar; redescription).

Celia Shuckard, 1837:182. Type species: Celia troglodytes (Vander Linden, 1829) [= Stigmus troglodytes Vander Linden], by original designation and monotypy. Junior homonym of Celia Zimmermann, 1832.

Spilomena Shuckard, 1838:79. Replacement name for Celia Shuckard, 1837.

Microglossa Rayment, 1930:212. Type species: Microglossa longifrons Rayment, by original designation. Junior homonym of Microglossa Voight, 1831.

Microglossella Rayment, 1935:634. Replacement name for Microglossa Rayment, 1930.

Taialia Tsuneki, 1971j:10. Type species: Taialia formosana Tsuneki, 1971, by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized with Spilomena by R. Bohart in R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:41.

seyrigi Arnold

Spilomena seyrigi Arnold, 1945:142, , (as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1959a:33 (in key), 34 (Madagascar: Ankaratra); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:193 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:120 (Madagascar).

Stizoides Guérin-Méneville, 1844:438 (as subgenus of Stizus). Type species: Larra fasciata Fabricius, 1798 (secondary homonym of Stizus fasciatus (Fabricius, 1798)) [= Sphex assimilis Fabricius, 1787], designated by J. Parker, 1929:10.

Omphalius Vachal, 1900a:534, junior homonym of Omphalius Philippi, 1847. Type species: Omphalius niger Vachal, 1900a:535 [= Stizoides niger (Radoszkowski, 1881:208)], by monotypy.

Scotomphales Vachal, 1900a:843. Replacement name for Omphalius Vachal, 1900a:534.

Scotomphales Vachal, 1900b:233. Replacement name for Omphalius Vachal, 1900a:534.

Tachystizus Minkiewicz, 1934:251. Not available: type species not designated (Article 13b).

Tachystizus Pate, 1937c:63. Type species: Crabro tridentatus Fabricius, 1775, by original designation. Validation of Tachystizus Minkeiwicz, 1934.

cyanipennis (de Saussure)

Stizus cyanipennis de Saussure, 1887:9, . Holotype or syntypes: Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). – Handlirsch, 1892:106 (revision), 1895:188 (redescription); Dalla Torre, 1897:523 (listed); Arnold, 1945:77 (Madagascar; revision). – As Stizolarra cyanipennis: de Saussure, 1892:470 (Madagascar, redescription). – As Stizoides cyanipennis: Leclercq, 1961d:103 (Madagascar, new combination); Gillaspy, 1963a:378 (listed, in subgenus Stizoides s.s.); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:528 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:119 (Madagascar; specimen in MNHN erroneously regarded as holotype agrees with Arnold's 1945 redescription); Ohl, 1999a:88 (in revision of the genus).

Stizus Latreille, 1802b:344. Type species: "Stizus ruficornis" Fabr. [= Bembix ruficornis Fabricius, 1787 (secondary homonym of Vespa ruficornis J. Forster, 1771) = Vespa ruficornis J. Forster, 1771, designated by Blanchard, 1846:pl.121.

Larra Fabricius sensu Klug, 1845:pl. 46 and text (in part). R. Bohart and Menke (1976:53) commented as follows: Larra Fabricius contained unrelated species of sphecids as well as a scoliid and a tiphiid. Latreille (1802b) recognized the conglomerate nature of the genus and restricted Larra to wasps now placed in the Larrinae. He established the new genus Stizus for the remaining sphecids of Fabricius' Larra. Klug and F. Smith both restricted Larra to species assigned by other authors to Latreille's Stizus. F. Smith (1856:273-274, 337) went so far as to designate a type species for Larra, although his designation was antedated by that of Latreille, 1810 and others. Species placed in Larra By Klug and F. Smith are now assigned to Stizus, Stizoides, and Bembecinus.

Larra Fabricius sensu F. Smith, 1856:337 (in part).

Megastizus Patton, 1879c:344. Type species: Stizus brevipennis Walsh, 1869, by original designation.

Stizolarra de Saussure, 1887:9. Type species: Sphex vespiformis Fabricius, 1775, designated by Pate 1937c:62.

Megalostizus W. Schulz, 1906:199. Emendation of Megastizus Patton, 1879.

berlandi Arnold

Stizus berlandi Arnold, 1945:76, , (as Berlandi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ranomafana (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:526 (listed); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:39 (syntype in Bulawayo Museum).

Tachysphex Kohl, 1883a:166. Type species: Tachysphex filicornis Kohl, 1883 [= Tachytes fugax Radoszkowski, 1877], designated by Bingham, 1897:192.

Schistosphex Arnold, 1922:137. Type species: Schistosphex breijeri Arnold, 1922, by original designation and monotypy.

Atelosphex Arnold, 1923a:177. Type species: Atelosphex miscophoides Arnold, 1923, by original designation and monotypy.

ambositrae Leclercq

Tachysphex ambositrae Leclercq, 1967b:67, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Ambositra (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:272 (listed).

anceps Arnold

Tachysphex anceps Arnold, 1945:102, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:272 (listed).

bruneiceps Arnold

Tachysphex bruneiceps Arnold, 1923a:153, , . Syntypes: Zimbabwe: Sawmills and Plumtree (SAM). – Arnold, 1930:3 (listed), 1945:97 (Madagascar), 1951:155 (Ethiopia: River Hawash); Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar), 1961d:109 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:273 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar: Tamatave); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:40 (syntypes in Bulawayo Museum); Madl, 1997:821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

crassicornis Arnold

Tachysphex crassicornis Arnold, 1945:105, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ranomafana (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:273 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar: Bekily).

excisus Arnold

Tachysphex dimidiatus de Sausssure, 1892:483, , secondary homonym of Tachysphex dimidiatus (Panzer, 1809). Holotype: , Madagascar: Bezanozano: Anosibé (MHNG). – Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar).

Tachysphex dimidiatus var. excisus Arnold, 1945:104, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). Tentatively synonymized with Tachysphex dimidiatus de Saussure by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:273. – Leclercq, 1960:198 (Madagascar). – As Tachysphex excisus: Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:273 (new status); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar: Ihosy, Tamatave, Tsimbazaza).

halictiformis Arnold

Tachysphex halictiformis Arnold, 1945:100, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:274 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:117 (Madagascar: Bekily, Fampanambo).

insulsus Arnold

Tachysphex insulsus Arnold, 1945:104, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:274 (listed).

micromegas de Saussure

Tachysphex micromegas de Saussure, 1892:481, , . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Bezanozano Province: Anosibé, and Imerina Province: no specific locality (MHNG). – R. Turner, 1911b:370 (Seychelles Islands); Arnold, 1945:102 (redescription); 1960a:98 (Madagascar, comparison with Tachysphex perniger), Leclercq, 1961d:111 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:274 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar: faunal records).

Tachysphex sikorae de Saussure, 1892: pl. 27, fig. 2 (as Sikorae, incorrect original capitalization). Objective synonym of Tachysphex micromegas. Synonymized with Tachysphex micromegas by Menke in Bohart and Menke, 1976:274.

perniger Arnold

Tachysphex perniger Arnold, 1947:166, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antsirabe (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:98 (comparison with Tachysphex micromegas), 99 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:275 (listed).

scaurus Arnold

Tachysphex scaurus Arnold, 1945:98, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ihosy (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:110 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:276 (listed).

sericeus flavofimbriatus Arnold

Tachysphex fluctuatus var. flavofimbriatus Arnold, 1945:97, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:98 (Madagascar: Bekily). – As Tachysphex fluctuatus flavofimbriatus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:276. (listed).

sexinus Leclercq

Tachysphex sexinus Leclercq, 1961d:111, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Ranomafana (MHNB). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:276 (listed).

seyrigi Arnold

Tachysphex seyrigi Arnold, 1945:99, , (as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar), 1961d:110 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:276 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar: Bekily).

suavis Arnold

Tachysphex suavis Arnold, 1929c:385, . Holotype: , Zimbabwe: Bulawayo (SAM). – Arnold, 1930:3 (listed), 1945:97 (Madagascar); Leclercq, 1961d:109 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:277 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar: Fort Dauphin).

subcoriaceus Arnold

Tachysphex subcoriaceus Arnold, 1945:98, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Ranomafana (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:109 (description of ; Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:277 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar: Nosy-Komba).

subeditus Leclercq

Tachysphex subeditus Leclercq, 1961d:109, , . Holotype: , Madagascar: Toamasina: Foulpointe, now Mahavelona (MHNB). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:277 (listed).

villosus Arnold

Tachysphex villosus Arnold, 1947:164, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:277 (listed).

Tachytes Panzer, 1806:129. Type species: Pompilus tricolor of Fabricius, 1798 [= Sphex tricolor Fabricius, 1793 (primary homonym of Sphex tricolor Schrank, 1781) = Sphex tricoloratus Turton, 1801 = Tachytes obsoletus tricoloratus (Turton, 1801)], by monotypy.

Lyrops Illiger, 1807a:162. Type species: Andrena etrusca Rossi, 1790, by monotypy. See also Illiger, 1807b:195.

Tachyptera Dahlbom, 1843:133. Type species: Apis obsoleta Rossi, 1792, designated by Patton, 1880b:391. Junior homonum of Tachyptera Berge, 1842.

Holotachytes R. Turner, 1917d:10. Type species: Tachytes dichrous F. Smith, 1856, by original designation.

Calotachytes R. Turner, 1917d:10. Type species: Tachytes marshalli R. Turner, 1912, by original designation.

Tachyoides Banks, 1942:397. Type species: Tachytes mergus W. Fox, 1892, by original designation.

Tachyplena Banks, 1942:397. Replacement name for Tachyptera Dahlbom, 1843. Tachyplena can be also regarded as a new genus name because Banks designated Tachytes mandibularis Patton, 1880, as type species (Bohart and Menke, 1976:44).

Tachynana Banks, 1942:398. Type species: Tachytes obscurus Cresson, 1872 [= Tachytes chrysopyga obscurus Cresson, 1872], by original designation.

argyropis de Saussure

Tachytes argyropis de Saussure, 1887:18, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). – de Saussure, 1892:476 (Madagascar, redescription); Kohl, 1909:372 (Madagascar: Imerina, Toamasina, Toliara); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:47 (Madagascar: Antananarivo); Arnold, 1945:108 (Madagascar; revision); Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:263 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar).

copiosus Arnold

Tachytes copiosus Arnold, 1945:111, , (as copiosa, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:264 (listed).

flavocinereus Arnold

Tachytes flavocinereus Arnold, 1945:112, , (as flavocinerea, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily, and Ivondro (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:112 (Madagascar). – As Tachytes flavocinereus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:265 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar).

indifferens Arnold

Tachytes indifferens Arnold, 1945:110, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar), 1961d:111 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:265 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

oviventris de Saussure

Tachytes oviventris de Saussure, 1891:260, . Holotype or syntypes: , Madagascar: no specific locality (MHNG). – Arnold, 1945:109 (no specimens studied); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:266 (listed).

Tachytes oviventris de Saussure, 1892:478, . Objective synonym of Tachytes oviventris de Saussure, 1891.

picticornis Arnold

Tachytes picticornis Arnold, 1945:111, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Antanimora, Bekily (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:266 (listed); Leclercq, 1990b:118 (Madagascar).

rufomarginatus Arnold

Tachytes rufomarginatus Arnold, 1945:109, , (as rufomarginata, incorrect original termination). Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily (MNHN). – As Tachytes rufomarginatus: R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:266 (listed).

Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796:121, no included species. Type species: Sphex figulus Linnaeus, 1758, designated by Latreille, 1802b:339 (first included species).

Tripoxilon Spinola, 1806:65. Lapsus or emendation of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796.

Apius Panzer, 1806:106. Type species: Sphex figulus of Panzer, 1801 [= Sphex figulus Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.

Apius Jurine, 1807:140, junior homonym of Apius Panzer, 1806. Type species: Sphex figulus of Fabricius, 1775 [= Sphex figulus Linnaeus, 1758], designated by Morice and Durrant, 1915:394.

Trypoxilon Jurine, 1807:141 and tableau comparatif, p. 2. Lapsus or emendation of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796.

Trypoxylum Agassiz, 1846:380. Unjustified emendation of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796.

Trypoxylum W. Schulz, 1906:212, junior homonym of Trypoxylum Agassiz, 1846. Unjustified emendation of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796.

Trypargilum Richards, 1934:191. Type species: Trypoxylon nitidum F. Smith, 1856, by original designation.

Asaconoton Arnold, 1959:322. Type species: Trypoxylon egregium Arnold, 1959, by original designation.

cataractae madecassum Arnold

Trypoxylon cataractae madecassum Arnold, 1945:9, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Ranomafana (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:345 (listed); Tsuneki, 1981d:83 (Madagascar; additional description); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

errans de Saussure

Trypoxylon errans de Saussure, 1867:84, . Holotype or syntypes: , Mauritius Island or Brazil: no specific locality, actually Mauritius (NHMW or MHNG). – de Saussure, 1892:527 (Mauritius Island, redescription); R. Turner, 1911b:372 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:58 (Isle of Réunion, life history); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Diego Suarez); Richards, 1934:338 (member of scutatum species group), 344 (life history summary); Arnold, 1945:7 (in key); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1956b:362 (Seychelles); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:346 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978b:79 and 81 (in key), 1979a:13, 15, 17 (in key), 114 (Mauritius Island, Rodrigues Island, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaya), 1979b:5 (in key), 20 (Sri Lanka), 1979c:5, 9 (in key), 28 (Indonesia: Java, Sumatra, Sumba), 1980a:11 (in key), 87 (Sulawesi), 1980b:11, 12 (in key), 115 (Philippines), 1981a:6 (in key), 45 (Guam, Hawaii; additional description), 1981c:8, 9 (in key), 42 (Taiwan; additional description), 1981d:17 (Sri Lanka), 29 (India, Singapore, Thailand), 49 (Burma), 78 (Hong Kong), 85 (Tanzania: Zanzibar; additional description), 20, 62 (in key), 1981e:4, 6-8 (in key), 59 (Japan; additional description), 1981f:56 (member of errans species group); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:833 (Seychelles Islands); Wu and Zhou, 1996:103 (revision in Economic Insect Fauna of China).

Trypoxylon intrudens F. Smith, 1870:188, . Lectotype: , India: North-West Provinces, now Uttar Pradesh: Mainpuri (BMNH), designated with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:28. Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:28. – Kohl, 1885a:205 (listed); Cameron, 1889c:119 (listed) and 123 (diagnostic characters); Bingham, 1896a:441 (references), 1897:224 (redescription); Green, 1903:68 (nesting in all available holes); Paiva, 1907:15 (India: Mussoorie); Bingham, 1908:355 (India: Purneah); Richards, 1934:315 (member of figulus species group); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:346 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978b:28 (redescription); Pu, 1986:8 (China).

Trypoxylon canaliculatum Cameron, 1889c:122, sex non indicated. Lectotype: , India: Barrackpore or Tirhoot or Mussoorie Hills (OXUM), designated by Tsuneki, 1978b:38. Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:38. – Bingham, 1897:225 (redescription); Cameron, 1889c:118 (listed); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:345 (listed).

Trypoxylon geniculatum Cameron, 1902f:313, . Lectotype: , India: Assam: Khasia Hills (BMNH), designated by Tsuneki, 1978b:46. Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:46. – Richards, 1934:315 (member of figulus species group); Begum, Bose, and Howlander, 1989:126 (life history in Bangladesh); Begum, Khan, and Bose, 1995:176 (Bangladesh: Dhaka University Campus).

Trypoxylon philippinense Ashmead, 1904c:283, (as Philippinense, incorrect original capitalization). Holotype: , Philippines: Luzon: Manila (USNM). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:72. – F. Williams, 1927 (nesting in hollow twigs), 1931:236 (nesting in hollow twigs); Richards, 1934:343 (life history summary); Krombein, 1949b:381 (in key to Sphecidae of Micronesia), 400 (Marshall Islands); Yoshimoto, 1960:333 (Hawaiian Islands).

Trypoxylon gardineri Cameron, 1907e:76, . Syntypes: , Seychelles Islands: Coetivy (BMNH). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by R. Turner, 1911b:372. – Tsuneki, 1978b:60 (study of syntypes).

Trypoxylon ornatipes Cameron, 1913:24, " " = , primary homonym of Trypoxylon ornatipes Cameron, 1889, and of Trypoxylon ornatipes W. Fox, 1891. Holotype: , India: (BMNH). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:60. – Richards, 1934:315 (member of figulus species group).

Trypoxylon pulawskii Tsuneki, 1956g:22, , . Holotype: , Japan: Honshu: Utsunomiya (originally K. Tsuneki coll., now Hyogo Mus.). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1981e:59. – Tsuneki, 1956g:4, 8 (in key), 1966a:22 (Japan: Osaka), 1969e:25 (Japan), 1970d:13 (life history), 1973e:32 (in key), 1973d:150 (Japan: Saitama Prefecture), 1973e:36 (in key), 1975b:63 (Japan: Saitama Prefecture); Tano, 1994b:43 (holotype in K. Tsuneki collection); Hashimoto and Nakanishi, 1997:23 (holotype transferred to Hyogo Mus.).

Trypoxylon tanoi Tsuneki, 1967d:13, , . Holotype: , Taiwan: Pingtun Prefecture: Fenglian (originally K. Tsuneki coll., now USNM). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1978b:72. – Haneda, 1971b:30 (Taiwan); Tsuneki, 1971g:7 (Taiwan); Haneda, 1972:4 (Taiwan); Murota, 1973b:117 (Taiwan); Tsuneki, 1973f:44 (Taiwan), 1974b:630 (Thailand; discussion); Nuhn and Menke, 1994:26 (holotype transferred to USNM).

Trypoxylon saitamaense Tsuneki, 1973a:13, . Holotype: , Japan: Saitama Prefecture: Kohnosu (originally T. Nambu coll., now Hyogo Mus.). Synonymized with Trypoxylon errans by Tsuneki, 1981e:59. – Nambu, 1973d:150 (Japan: Saitama Prefecture); Tsuneki, 1973e:34, 38 (in key); Nambu, 1975b:63 (Japan: Saitama Prefecture); Tano, 1995:41 (holotype in K. Tsuneki collection); Hashimoto and Nakanishi, 1997:23 (holotype transferred to Hyogo Mus.).

hova de Saussure

Trypoxylon hova de Saussure, 1892:525, . Syntypes: , Madagascar: Antananarivo (MHNG). – Arnold, 1945:9 (Madagascar; ); Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:346 (listed); Tsuneki, 1981d:85 (Madagascar: Isalo, Mahajanga); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

luteosignatum Arnold

Trypoxylon luteosignatum Arnold, 1945:11, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara and Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:347 (listed); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:40 (syntype in Bulawayo Museum).

punctatissimum Arnold

Trypoxylon punctatissimum Arnold, 1924:20, . Holotype: , South Africa: Cape Province: Algoa Bay near Port Elizabeth (TMP). – Richards, 1934:338 (member of scutatum species group; as punctatissimum Gribodo); Arnold, 1945:11 (Madagascar; ); Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar, nesting in twigs), 1965a:93 (in key), 119 (revision; Zaire); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:347 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978a:5 (in key); Rodgers and Homewood, 1982:234 (Tanzania: Usambara Mountains).

scutifrons de Saussure

Trypoxylon scutifrons de Saussure, 1892:523, , . Syntypes: Madagascar: Andrangoloaka, Anosibé (MHNG). – Kohl, 1906a:201 (a species with frontal shield), 203 (in key to scutatum group); Kohl, 1909:373 (Madagascare: Toamasina); R. Turner, 1911b:373 (Seychelles Islands); Bordage, 1912:58 (Isle of Réunion: life history); von Schulthess in Friederichs, 1918:48 (Madagascar: Ilôt Prune); Richards, 1934:338 (member of scutatum species group), 344 (life history summary); Arnold, 1945:14 (Madagascar); Vesey-Fitzgerald, 1950:75 (new to Seychelles Islands, as saitifrons); Leclercq, 1960a:99 (Madagascar, nesting in old nests of Icaria, a vespid; variation), 1961d:101 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:347 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978a:6, 7 (in key), 76 (redescription), 86 (relationships to other species), 1981f:47 (single member of scutifrons species group); Madl, Matyot, and Schödl, 1996:833 (Seychelles Islands); Madl, 1997:820 (Madagascar: Nosy Boraha Island), 821 (in checklist of Nosy Boraha Sphecidae).

seyrigi Arnold

Trypoxylon seyrigi Arnold, 1945:12, (as Seyrigi, incorrect original capitalization). Syntypes: Madagascar: Bekily, Ivondro, Ranomafana, Roget (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:348 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978a:7 (in key).

sinuosiscute Arnold

Trypoxylon sinuosiscutis Arnold, 1945:13, , , incorrect original termination. Syntypes: Madagascar: Behara, Bekily (MNHN). – Leclercq, 1961d:101 (Madagascar); R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:348 (listed); Tsuneki, 1978a:6 (in key), 84 (redescription), 86 (relationships to other species), 1981f:17 (single member of sinuosiscute species group); Hancock, Chahwanda, and Mhlanga, 1995:40 (syntype in Bulawayo Museum).

tuberculifrons Arnold

Trypoxylon tuberculifrons Arnold, 1945:8, . Holotype: , Madagascar: Rogez (MNHN). – R. Bohart and Menke, 1976:348 (listed).

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