brasiliensis, Esox Linnaeus [C.] 1758:314 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Brazil; Jamaica. Linnaeus materials: NRM 42 (1), 142 (1), 242 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:228-229 [ref. 20707]. Based on the 'Timvcv brasiliensibus' of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:168 [ref. 30347] and the 'Esox maxilla inferiore producta' of Browne 1756:443, Pl. 45, fig. 2 [ref. 30188]. Surviving "syntypes" are evidently Asian specimens and not brasiliensis of current authors. •Valid as Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Collette 1965:225 [ref. 13343], Robins & Ray 1986:102 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:309 [ref. 25518] as Hemirhamphus, McAllister 1990:127 [ref. 14674], Collette & Parin 1990:580 [ref. 16473], Cervigón 1991:220 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:83 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:338 [ref. 23827], Murdy et al. 1997:120 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:960 [ref. 23897], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:209 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:154 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1643 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:989 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639], Collette 2003:1140 [ref. 26981], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27192], Collette 2004:4 [ref. 27583], Smith et al. 2003:15 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27807], García-Hernández et al. 2009:92 [ref. 37265], Angulo et al. 2013:997 [ref. 33194], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:102 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32972], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:32 [ref. 33341], Pinheiro et al. 2015:10 [ref. 34324], Collette 2016:2161 [ref. 34601], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Collette & Bemis 2019:105 [ref. 37342], Reiner 2019:139 [ref. 38139], Robertson et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38098], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:310 [ref. 38945], Soares et al. 2021:1517 [ref. 38789], Fermon et al. 2022:269 [ref. 39448], Carvalho-Filho 2023:89 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus 1758). Hemiramphidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; western-central Atlantic: Saint Peter and Saint Paul's Archipelago (Brazil); eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola, including Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.
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