circularis, Raja Couch [J.] 1838:53 [A Cornish fauna, being a compendium of the natural history of the county; ref. 18049] Cornwall, England, northeastern Atlantic. No types known. Based on Sandy ray of Couch, Mag. N. Hist. Charlesworth, v. 2, 1838:71. •Valid as Raja circularis Couch 1838 -- (Stehmann 1973:64 [ref. 7168], Stehmann & Bürkel in Whitehead et al. 1984:178 [ref. 13675], Capapé 1987:22 [ref. 39326], Stehmann 1990:34 [ref. 19316], Stehmann 1995:108 [ref. 22055]). •Valid as Leucoraja circularis (Couch 1838) -- (McEachran & Dunn 1998:286 [ref. 23312], Compagno 1999:491 [ref. 25589], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:22 [ref. 26753], Fricke et al. 2007:18 [ref. 29533], Last et al. 2008:145 [ref. 29653], George 2009:56 [ref. 30539], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:13 [ref. 36649], Weigmann 2016:112 [ref. 34211], McEachran & Séret 2016:1397 [ref. 34551], Last et al. 2016:18 [ref. 34941], Last et al. 2016:280 [ref. 35000], Biscoito et al. 2018:478 [ref. 37562], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:156 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:44 [ref. 37250], Kovačić et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37519], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Giovos et al. 2021:6 [ref. 38895], Kovačić et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39014], Bañón & Mano 2022:13 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:49 [ref. 39527], Balàka et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40410], Charalampous & Chatzispyrou in Digenis et al. 2024:104 [ref. 40958], Deval in Digenis et al. 2024:102 [ref. 40958]). Current status: Valid as Leucoraja circularis (Couch 1838). Rajidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Iceland and central Norway south to northern Morocco, including Madeira. Habitat: marine.