paru, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] 1787:57, Pl. 197 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 3; ref. 468] Brazil and Jamaica. No types known. Name appeared first in Forsskål 1775:xviii [ref. 1351] as name only. On p. 42 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 6 [ref. 21381]. Based on the 'Chaetodon niger, maculis flavis, lunulatis varius' of Artedi 1738:51 [ref. 30578], 1738b:71 [ref. 30349], which was based on the 'Parv brasiliensibus' of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:144 [ref. 30347] and Ray 1713:102 [ref. 30231]; the 'Chaetodon operculis aculeatis ...' of Gronow 1763:68 [ref. 1910]; the 'Rhombotides, in nigricante corpore squamis flavis quasi lunulatis' of Klein 1744:36 [ref. 30141]; the 'Chaetodon minutè variegatus, imis squamarum luteis semilunaris' of Browne 1756:454 [ref. 30188]; and the 'Acarauna altera paru Listeri' of Willughby 1686:217, Pl. O1, fig. 2 [ref. 30164]. •Valid as Pomacanthus paru (Bloch 1787) -- (Allen 1980:251 [ref. 22764], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:390 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:196 [ref. 23100], Maugé 1990:841 [ref. 17126], Cervigón 1992:383 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:345 [ref. 24474], Aguilera 1998:51 [ref. 24221] as parus, Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:278 [ref. 25013], Thomson et al. 2000:148 [ref. 25640], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:163 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:991 [ref. 25909], Collette et al. 2003:112 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:69 [ref. 26943], Burgess 2003:1683 [ref. 27101], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:90 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:150 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:481 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:78 [ref. 36155], Page et al. 2013:155 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:179 [ref. 32953], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:60 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33516], Bailly in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2679 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34961], Marceniuk et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35324], Spier et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36103], Carneiro et al. 2019:278 [ref. 37250], Robertson et al. 2020:160 [ref. 38098], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:555 [ref. 38945], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:191 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:65 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Pomacanthus paru (Bloch 1787). Pomacanthidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Santa Catarina (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Saint Paul's Rocks; straying to New York (U.S.A.); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.