Nudibranchs

Okenia brunneomaculata
Okenia kendi
Okenia lambat
Okenia liklik

Gosliner, Terrence M. 2004. Phylogenetic systematics of Okenia, Sakishimaia, Hopkinsiella and Hopkinsia (Nudibranchia: Goniodorididae) with descriptions of new species from the tropical indo-Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 55(1-12):125-161.

Abstract

The anatomy of eight species of Okenia, four species traditionally placed in Hopkinsia and one species of Sakishimaia was examined. The descriptions of previously described species, Okenia pellucida, O. japonica, Hopkinsia rosacea, H. plana, H. pilosa, H. nakamotoensis and Sakishimaia kondoi were expanded from prior morphological studies. Six new species of Okenia are described from the Indo-Pacific tropics. Okenia brunneomaculata is described from specimens collected from Indonesia and the Philippines. Okenia purpureolineata is known only from Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands. Okenia kendi is described from specimens from Indonesia and the Philippines. Okenia virginiae is described from South Africa and is also known from Oman. Okenia lambat is described from the Philippines. Okenia liklik is described based on specimens from Papua New Guinea and the Philippines . Preliminary phylogenetic studies reveal several important aspects about the relationships of these taxa. Collectively, these taxa appear to form a monophyletic clade. Okenia mediterranea is the most basal taxon in the present analysis and is the sister group to all of the other taxa. Hopkinsia, Sakishimaia and Hopkinsiella are nested within Okenia in the analysis presented. The characteristics employed to distinguish Sakishimaia and Hopkinsiella from Hopkinsia are not distinctly different or represent autapomorphies or symplesiomorphies. Hopkinsia, when Sakishimaia and Hopkinsiella are included, constitutes a monophyletic taxon. However, maintenance of Hopkinsia as a distinct taxon renders Okenia paraphyletic. On this basis, Hopkinsia, Hopkinsiella and Sakishimaia are considered as synonyms of Okenia to preserve the monophyly of this oldest taxon.

Asteronotus mimeticus sp. nov.

Gosliner, Terrence M and Valdes, Angel. 2002. Sponging off of porifera: New species of cryptic dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 53(5):51-61.

Abstract

Two new species of Asteronotus are described from the Indo-Pacific tropics. Asteronotus mimeticus sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in the Philippines, Palau , Australia, and Papua New Guinea. Asteronotus spongicolus sp. nov. is described from the three localities in Tanzania and one in northern Queensland, Australia. Both species are remarkably cryptic on their prey sponges. Asteronotus mimeticus is variable in its color and notal ornamentation, depending upon the sponge on which it is feeding. Both species differ from the only recognized species in the genus, A. cespitosus (van Hasselt, 1824) in their smaller body size, lack of regular ridges and rows of tubercles and differences in the radular morphology and reproductive system. In A. cespitosus the outermost radular tooth is elongate while in the two new species the outermost tooth is reduced to an ovoid plate. The accessory gland of A. cespitosus is regular in shape with a straight stylet while in the two new species the accessory gland is irregularly shaped with a curved stylet. Asteronotus mimeticus has a rounded body shape while A. spongicolus is more elongate and ovoid. In A. mimeticus, the inner radular teeth are usually devoid of denticles, but may rarely have 1-2 additional denticles on the outer side of the inner 14 radular teeth. In A. spongicolus the innermost tooth has 1-2 denticles on its inner side and the succeeding 7-11 teeth have 1-2 denticles on the outer side of the tooth. The outermost teeth of A. mimeticus are rounded ovoid plates while those of A. spongicolus are more quadrangular with an acute apex. The reproductive system of A. mimeticus has a bursa copulatrix that is smaller than the receptaculum seminis while in A. spongicolus the receptaculum is larger than the bursa. The genital atrium of A. mimeticus is shorter and narrower than that of A. spongicolus. The accessory spine of A. mimeticus has a narrow base and is gradually curved while in A. spongicolus the spine has a broad base with a sharply curved apex.

 Aldisa albatrossae sp. nov.

Elwood, Hillary R., Valdes, Angel, Gosliner, Terrence M. 2000. Two new species of Aldisa Bergh, 1878 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 52(14): 171-181.

Abstract

This paper provides descriptions of two new species of the genus Aldisa from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Aldisa albatrossae sp. nov. from Japan, the Philippines, and Indonesia, is characterized by having a blue-green dorsum with distinctive black markings and blotches of yellow-orange color. Aldisa williamsi sp. nov. from Papua New Guinea and Indonesia, has a bluish dorsum with a circular black mark. The two species are distinguishable based on differences in body coloration, arrangement of tubercles and characters of the reproductive system. Other species that have similar color patterns and also appear to be mimics of phylllidid nudibranchs are discussed. The new species appear to have two plesiomorphic traits that were previously undescribed for the genus Aldisa, unipinnate gills (only in A. williamsi), and presence of two large hamate radular teeth (in both species).

Halgerda dalanghita sp. nov.

Fahey, Shireen J. and Gosliner, Terrence M. 1999. Description of three new species of Halgerda from the Western Indian Ocean with a redescription of Halgerda formosa, Bergh 1880. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 51(8): 365-383.

Abstract

Three new species of Halgerda are described from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Halgerda dalanghita sp. nov. is known from South Africa, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. Halgerda dichromis sp. nov. is known from South Africa. Halgerda toliara sp. nov. is described from Madagascar. Comparison of the three new species is made with the original description and newly collected specimens of the type species, Halgerda formosa Bergh 1880 and other described members of the genus. The coloration, reproductive system and the radular morphology of these new species differ significantly from H. formosa and other previously described Halgerda species. Specimens of Halgerda formosa have been misidentified as H. punctata Farran, 1905 in recent literature and are compared here. Although these two species share some characteristics, they differ significantly in external and radular morphology.

 Pectenodoris aurora

Johnson, Rebecca F. & Gosliner, Terrence M. 1998. The genus Pectenodoris (Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae) from the Indo-Pacific, with the description of a new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 50(12):295-306.

Abstract

The genus Pectenodoris is reviewed. The genus contains only Pectenodoris trilineata and a new species, Pectenodoris aurora, described here.  New records of P. trilineata from the Philippines and Papua New Guinea and more information about the variation present in P. trilineata are presented.  The two species overlap in much of their ranges, throughout the western margins of the Pacific, and are similar in color pattern.  They are part of different larger groups of similarly colored, sympatric chromodorids discussed here.

Hoplodoris estrelyado
Taringa halgerda

Gosliner, Terrence M. and Behrens, David W. 1998. Two new discodorid nudibranchs from the western Pacific with a redescription of Doris luteola Kelaart, 1858. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 50(11): 279-293.

Abstract

Two new species of discodorid cryptobranch dorid nudibranchs are described from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Hoplodoris estrelyado is found from several localities in the western and central Pacific: Vietnam, Western Australia, Indonesia, Philippines and the Marshall Islands. It is the only member of the genus in which all of the radular teeth are denticulate. Taringa halgerda is known from Papua New Guinea, the Philippine Islands and Indonesia. It is similar in appearance to T. luteola, but differs in its coloration and tubercles and aspects of its internal anatomy. Taringa luteola (Kelaart, 1858) is redescribed and its systematic placement is discussed. Placement of the two species described here is regarded as tentative. Neither Hoplodoris estrelyado, Taringa luteola nor Taringa halgerda are placed with certainty in the genera where they are here assigned. They possess characteristics that are divergent from other described members of the genera Hoplodoris and Taringa. A major review and revision of dorid genera is required. Phylogenetic analysis would clarify the relationships between and within taxa and would determine which taxa represent monophyletic groups. Systematic revisions would then be made to reflect these monophyletic units.

Chromodoris joshi
Chromodoris dianae
Chromodoris michaeli
Chromodoris hintuanensis

Gosliner, Terrence M. and Behrens, David W. 1998. Five new species of Chromodoris (Mollusca: Nudibranchia: Chromodorididae) from the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 50(5):139-165.

Abstract

Five new species of Chromodoris are described from the tropical Indo-Pacific. Three of these, Chromodoris joshi, C. dianae and C. michaeli, are members of the Chromodoris quadricolor complex. Chromodoris joshi is known from the Philippines, Indonesia and the Andaman Sea, Thailand. Chromodoris dianae is commonly found in the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia. Chromodoris michaeli is known from the Philippine Islands of Luzon, Cebu and Mindanao. Chromodoris hintuanensis is known from the Ryukyu Islands, the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Thailand. It is compared to two similar species, C. geometrica and C. conchyliata. Chromodoris roboi is known from the Ryukyu Islands and Lord Howe Island and Western Australia and is similar in color pattern to C. vibrato and C. aureopurpurea. Consistent patterns of radular morphology, mantle gland arrangement and reproductive anatomy suggest that members of the Chromodoris quadricolor complex may be closely related phylogenetically in addition to having a similar color pattern.

Nembrotha milleri
Nembrotha chamberlaini
Notodoris serenae
Redescription of Gymnodoris aurita

Gosliner, Terrence M. and Behrens, David W. 1997. Description of four new species of phanerobranch dorids (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) from the Indo-Pacific, with a redescription of Gymnodoris aurita (Gould, 1852,). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 49(9): 287-308.

Abstract

Four species of phanerobranch dorid nudibranchs are described. Nembrotha milleri is known only from the Philippine Islands; Nembrotha milleri is known from the Philippines and Indonesia. Nembrotha chamberlaini has a somewhat wider distribution and is a member of the Nembrotha lineolata complex. Notodoris serenae occurs from Indonesia to Belau and north to Okinawa and differs externally and internally from its congeners, all of which have a yellow rather than gray body color. Gymnodoris aurita (Gould, 1852) is redescribed from specimens collected from the Philippines .

Frogs

Platymantis cagayanensis
Platymantis indeprensus
Platymantis pseudodorsalis
Platymantis taylori

Brown, Walter C., Angel C. Alcala, and Arvin C. Diesmos. 1999. Four new species of the genus Platymantis (Amphibia: Ranidae) from Luzon Island, Philippines. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. (51)12: 449-460.

Abstract

Four new species of Platymantis (P. cagayanensis, P. indeprensus, P. pseudodorsalis, and P. taylori) are described. Two are from Mt. Banahao, one from the Central Cordillera, and one from the Sierra Madre, Luzon Island, Philippines. These species are in the dorsalis Group as diagnosed at present. The distinguishing characters and distribution of the Philippine species of the dorsalis Group are discussed.

Platymantis pygmaeus
Platymantis naomii

Alcala, Angel C., Walter C. Brown, and Arvin C. Diesmos. 1998. Two new species of the genus Platymantis (Amphibia: Ranidae) from Luzon Island, Philippines. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. (50)17: 381-388.

Abstract

Two new species of frogs, Platymantis pygmaeus and P. naomii, are described from Luzon Island, Philippines. The species are different from other Philippine species of the dorsalis Group in their male advertisement calls and other characteristics given in the diagnoses.

Platymantis rabori
Platymantis negrosensis
Platymantis luzonensis
Platymantis banahao

Brown, Walter C., Alcala, Angel C., Diesmos, Arvin C., Alcala, Ely. 1997. Species of the guentheri group of Platymantis (Amphibia: Ranidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of four new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 50(1): 1-20.

Abstract

Species of the guentheri group of Philippine Platymantis are revised. Platymantis guentheri is rediagnosed. Four species, previously confused with guentheri, (P. rabori, P. negrosensis, P. luzonensis, and P. banahao) are described.

Platymantis reticulatus
Platymantis panayensis

Brown, Walter C., Brown, Rafe M., Alcala, Angel C. 1997. Species of the hazelae group of Platymantis (Amphibia: Ranidae) from the Philippines, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 49 (11):405-421.

Abstract

Three species groups of Philippine anurans of the genus Platymantis are recognized. The groups are diagnosed on the basis of combinations of digital characters. Species of the hazelae group are revised. Eight species are placed in this group, two of them (reticulatus and panayensis) previously undescribed. These small to moderate-sized (20-30 mm for males and 25-39 mm for females) frogs are forest species from mountain areas of islands in the Greater Negros and Greater Luzon island groups.

Platymantis ranidae

Brown, W. C. and Alcala, A. C. 1974. New frogs of the genus Platymantis ranidae from the Philippines. Occasional Papers California Academy of Sciences. (113): 1-12.

Rhabdophis auriculata auriculata

Leviton, A. E. 1970. Description of a new subspecies of Rhabdophis auriculata in the Philippines with comments on the zoo geography of Mindanao Island. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 38(4): 347-362.

Platymantis insulatus

Brown, W. C. and Alcala, A. C. 1970. A new species of the genus Platymantis ranidae with a list of amphibians known from South-Gigante Island, Philippines. Occasional Papers California Academy of Sciences. (84):1-7.

Fishes

Eptatretus strahan sp. nov.

McMillan, C. B. And Wisner, R. L. 1984. 3 New Species of seven-gilled Hagfishes Myxinidae, Eptatretus from the Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 43(16): 249-267.

Abstract

Three new species of hagfishes (Myxinidae, Eptatretus) from the Pacific Ocean are described, and compared with E. cirrhatus. All 4 spp. have 7 pairs of gill pouches and associated external openings. Of the new species, E. carlhubbsi sp. nov. is known from Molokai to Guam, north-central Pacific E. laurahubbsi sp. nov. from off south-central Chile, and E. strahan sp. nov. from near Lubang Island, Philippines, South China Sea. E. cirrhatus occurs in the Australian-New Zealand area. Methods used in examination of hagfishes are described; sensory (lateral line) canals are delineated and discussed briefly.

Xenaploactis anopta sp. nov.

Poss, S. G. and Eschmeyer, W. N. 1980. Xenaploactis asperrimus new genus new combination for Prosopodasys asperrimus pisces Aploactinidae with descriptions of 2 new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 42(8): 287-293.

Abstract

A new genus, Xenaploactis, is created for Prosopodasys asperrimus Guenther, 1860, which is redescribed. X. anopta sp. nov. from Luzon Island in the Philippines and X. cautes sp. nov. from the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand are described. These species exhibit differences in the configuration of ridges between the eyes, body depth, head pores and other features. Species of Xenaploactis differ from those of other genera of the Aploactinidae by the presence of several features in combination: 3 anterior dorsal fin spines forming a separate fin, rather sharp head spines, a markedly upturned mouth and a body densely covered with modified pointed scales.