Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Acestrorhynchidae: [ 34 ] records

abbreviatus, Xiphorhamphus Cope [E. D.] 1878:687 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Nauta, Amazon River basin, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21532. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21105-07 (3), 21982-83 (1, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:42 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype established by Fowler 1907:461, Fig. 49 [ref. 1374]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus (Cope 1878) -- (Menezes 1992:46 [ref. 21389], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:231 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza 2007:754 [ref. 29426], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus abbreviatus (Cope 1878). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon and Madeira River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

alatus, Anacyrtus (Raestes) Steindachner [F.] 1878:91 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 15 (no. 12) (for 9 May 1878); ref. 20476] Ciénaga, Río Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype (unique): NMW 14998. Species later described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:65 [p. 49 of separate] [ref. 4227]. •Valid as Gilbertolus alatus (Steindachner 1878) -- (Galvis et al. 1997:49 [ref. 23651], Menezes & Lucena 1998:281 [ref. 23657], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:235 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gilbertolus alatus (Steindachner 1878). Acestrorhynchidae: Roestinae. Distribution: Magdalena River and Lake Maracaibo basins: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Acestrorhynchus Menezes [N. A.] 1969:52, 118, Fig. 38 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 18 (nos 1-2); ref. 7834] Rio Arari, at Cachoeira do Arari, Ilha de Marajó, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MCZ 45256. Paratypes: (57) BMNH (7); DZSASP 3527 (1), 4558-59 (2); FMNH 74360 (10); MCZ 832 (2), 20623 (2), 20625 (1), 45251 (1, c&s), 45252-55 (4), 45257-74 (18), 46003 (1), 46005-06 (2); MZUSP 2049 (1), USNM (2); ZMA 110399 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:13 [ref. 19236], Menezes & Géry 1983:590 [ref. 8307], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:5 [ref. 12367], Oyakawa 1996:446 [ref. 23140]. •Synonym of Acestrorynchus pantaneiro Menezes 1990 -- (Casciotta et al. 2003:118 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:74 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Acestrorhynchus altus Menezes 1969 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Menezes 1992:47 [ref. 21389], Gómez & Chebez 1996:47 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:56 [ref. 24147], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:231 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza 2007:754 [ref. 29426], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus altus Menezes 1969. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

apurensis, Acestrorhynchus Toledo-Piza [M.] & Menezes [N. A.] 1996:18, Fig. 10 [American Museum Novitates No. 3160; ref. 22056] Módulo de la Unellez, Estado Apure, Venezuela. Holotype: MZUSP 48373. Paratypes: MCNG 11323 (11), MZUSP 37269 (4), TNHC 14872 (4). •Valid as Acestrorhynchus apurensis Toledo-Piza & Menezes 1996 -- (Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:231 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine 1841) -- (López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:195 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:693, 754 [ref. 29426]). Current status: Synonym of Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine 1841). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Habitat: freshwater.

atratoensis, Gilbertolus alatus Schultz [L. P.] 1943:275 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 33 (no. 9); ref. 10138] Río Atrato at Quibdo, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 76976. Paratypes: USNM 120170 (14). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:22 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Gilbertolus atratoensis Schultz 1943 -- (Menezes & Lucena 1998:282 [ref. 23657], Lucena & Menezes 1998:263 [ref. 23776], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:235 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gilbertolus atratoensis Schultz 1943. Acestrorhynchidae: Roestinae. Distribution: Atrato River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

britskii, Acestrorhynchus Menezes [N. A.] 1969:58, 118, Fig. 42 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 18 (nos 1-2); ref. 7834] Reprêsa de Três Marias, Rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 4406. Paratypes: MZUSP 4405 (1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:447 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus britskii Menezes 1969 -- (Menezes & Géry 1983:590 [ref. 8307], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:231 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza 2007:754 [ref. 29426], Silva et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37809]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus britskii Menezes 1969. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (northeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

cachorro, Acestrorhynchus Fowler [H. W.] 1940:274, Fig. 61 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Boca Chica, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 68679. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine 1841) -- (Taphorn 1992:104 [ref. 23654], Toledo-Piza & Menezes 1996:4 [ref. 22056], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:195 [ref. 27386]). Current status: Synonym of Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine 1841). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Habitat: freshwater.

denticulosus, Salmo Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:378 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Original as Salmo (dentado) denticulosus; corresponds to Salmo 26-radiatus on p. 388. Appeared as Salmo denticulosus vel 26-radiatus in Devincenzi 1925:313, 322 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch) [= Salmo falcatus Bloch 1794]. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes 1992 -- (Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622]). Current status: Uncertain as Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes 1992. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Habitat: freshwater.

falcatus, Salmo Bloch [M. E.] 1794:120, Pl. 385 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Suriname. Syntypes: ZMB 3613 (2). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:62 [ref. 24282]. On p. 97 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 11 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes 1990 -- (Casciotta et al. 2003:118 [ref. 28130]). •Valid as Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Menezes & Géry 1983:590 [ref. 8307], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1991:42 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:222 [ref. 22818], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:231 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:199 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:754 [ref. 29426], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633], Silva et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37809], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:29 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch 1794). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

falcirostris, Hydrocyon Cuvier [G.] 1819:361, Pl. 27 (fig. 2) [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8604 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:7 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (Cuvier 1819) -- (Menezes & Géry 1983:590 [ref. 8307], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:99 [ref. 23654], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:204 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:43 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (Cuvier 1819). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and rivers of Guyana (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

ferox, Xiphorhamphus Günther [A.] 1863:443 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 12 (no. 72); ref. 1973] Essequibo River, Guyana. Syntypes: BMNH 1964.1.21.39-40 (2). •Synonym of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:231 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch 1794). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Habitat: freshwater.

goethei, Hoplocharax Géry [J.] 1966:291, Figs. 7-11 [Ichthyologica, the Aquarium Journal v. 38 (no. 3); ref. 1589] "Igarapé da Mae Joana", near Manaus, lower Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: CAS=SU 56478. Paratypes: (10) ANSP 112252 (1), CAS 36021 (1), Géry coll. 0478 (orig. 8), MNHN 1980-1438 (1), CAS-SU 63627 (1), USNM 203806 (2), ZMA 113838 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:19 [ref. 19236], Böhlke 1984:47 [ref. 13621], Vari & Howe 1991:26 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hoplocharax goethei Géry 1966 -- (Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:203 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:489 [ref. 31006], Mattox et al. 2014:355 [ref. 33387], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hoplocharax goethei Géry 1966. Acestrorhynchidae: Heterocharacinae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco river basins: Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

grandoculis, Acestrorhynchus Menezes [N. A.] & Géry [J.] 1983:582, Fig. 8 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 90 (no. 3); ref. 8307] Mouth of Rio Urubaxi in Rio Negro, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 25863. Paratypes: MHNG 2098.20-22 (3); MNHN 1982-1113 (1); MZUSP 25864-76 (13), 25877-86 (10), 25887-911 (25), 25912-16 (5), 25917-28 (12), 25929-30 (2), 25931-33 (3); USNM 228083-86 (1, 1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:4 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:447-448 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus grandoculis Menezes & Géry 1983 -- (Toledo-Piza & Menezes 1996:17 [ref. 22056], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:204 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus grandoculis Menezes & Géry 1983. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: Negro and Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

guianensis, Acestrorhynchus Menezes [N. A.] 1969:70, 120, Fig. 54 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 18 (nos 1-2); ref. 7834] Botanic Garden, trenches in Georgetown with water form the Demerara River, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 74359. Paratypes: (21) FMNH 53495 (2), 53501-02 (2, 1), 53504 (2); MCZ 20517 (9), 45275 (1 c&s), 45276-77 (2); USNM 194148 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:5 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus guianensis Menezes 1969 -- (Menezes & Géry 1983:590 [ref. 8307], Géry et al. 1991:42 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:224 [ref. 22818]). •See Taphorn 1992:104 [ref. 23654]. •Synonym of Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine 1841) -- (Toledo-Piza & Menezes 1996:4 [ref. 22056], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:195 [ref. 27386]). Current status: Synonym of Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine 1841). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Habitat: freshwater.

heterolepis, Xiphorhamphus Cope [E. D.] 1878:687 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Lectotype: ANSP 21246. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21247-48 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype established by Fowler 1907:462, Fig. 50. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus heterolepis (Cope 1878) -- (Menezes & Gery 1983:589 [ref. 8307], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:203 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:30 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus heterolepis (Cope 1878). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

ilisha, Lonchogenys Myers [G. S.] 1927:122 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Sandbank on the Colombian border, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 61719 [ex IU 17696a]. Paratypes: CAS 61713 [ex IU 17696] (3), CAS-SU 18074 [ex IU 17696] (1), MCZ 31574 (2). Additional original material: CAS-SU 18072-73 (6, 2), 18075-74 (4, 1), and 21 other CAS-SU lots. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:25 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Lonchogenys ilisha Myers 1927 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:203 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:490 [ref. 31006], Mattox et al. 2014:355 [ref. 33387], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Lonchogenys ilisha Myers 1927. Acestrorhynchidae: Heterocharacinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

isalineae, Acestrorhynchus Menezes [N. A.] & Géry [J.] 1983:577, Figs. 5-6 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 90 (no. 3); ref. 8307] Tributary of Rio dos Marmelos, Rio Madeira basin, 110 kilometers east of Humaitá along rodovia Transamazônica, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 25849. Paratypes: MHNG 2098.14-17 (4); MNHN 1982-1114 (1); MZUSP 25850-60 (11); USNM 228087 (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:4 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:448 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus isalineae Menezes & Géry 1983 -- (Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus isalineae Menezes & Géry 1983. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: Madeira River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

itupiranga, Roestes Menezes [N. A.] & Lucena [C. A. S. de] 1998:289, Fig. 7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 23657] Rio Tocantins, Itupiranga, Lago Grande, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 10267. Paratypes: INPA 10268-69 (2, 4), MCP 19872 (1), MZUSP 52106 (1). •Valid as Roestes itupiranga Menezes & Lucena 1998 -- (Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:236 [ref. 27061], Torrente-Vilara et al. 2008:103 [ref. 29867]). Current status: Valid as Roestes itupiranga Menezes & Lucena 1998. Acestrorhynchidae: Roestinae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lacustris, Xiphorhamphus Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1875:136 [10] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Lagoa Santa, Brazil. Syntypes: ZMUC 185 (1), 187-188 (2), 194 (1), 196 (1); MNHN 0000-9587 [ex ZMUC] (1); SMNS 2042 (1); ZMB 9192 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:7 [ref. 19577], Nielsen 1974:47 [ref. 9588], Fricke 1995:9 [ref. 28100] and Fricke 2005:11 [ref. 29864] with author as Reinhardt. On p. 10 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:232 (and p. XVII of summary) [ref. 19674]. Authoship sometimes seen as Reinhardt in Lütken. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Lütken 1875) -- (Menezes & Géry 1983:590 [ref. 8307], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Menezes 1992:48 [ref. 21389], Gómez & Chebez 1996:47 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:56 [ref. 24147], Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:74 [ref. 28131], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[6] [ref. 35679], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37809], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:5 [ref. 41573], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Lütken 1875). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Rio São Francisco and upper Paraná River basins (Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

leptogrammus, Heterocharax Toledo-Piza [M.] 2000:301, Fig. 13 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 25072] Río Arirará, near mouth, 0°20'S, 63°40'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 29229. Paratypes: INHS 52505 (5), INPA 15484 (5), MZUSP 58226 (30, 2 c&s), ROM 71995 (2?), USNM 358587 (5). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Heterocharax leptogrammus Toledo-Piza 2000 -- (Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:203 [ref. 27061], Mattox et al. 2014:355 [ref. 33387]). Current status: Valid as Heterocharax leptogrammus Toledo-Piza 2000. Acestrorhynchidae: Heterocharacinae. Distribution: Negro River and upper portion of Orinoco River basin: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

macrolepis, Heterocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:406, Pl. 61 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Rockstone, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53669 [ex CM 2142]. Paratypes: BMNH 1911.10.31.438 (1), CAS 61482 [ex IU 12318] (1), FMNH 53670-71 (1, 1) [ex CM 2143-43] (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:70 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:46 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Heterocharax macrolepis Eigenmann 1912 -- (Taphorn 1992:236 [ref. 23654], Toledo-Piza 2000:291 [ref. 25072], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:203 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:490 [ref. 31006], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Mattox et al. 2014:353 [ref. 33387], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15, 18 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Heterocharax macrolepis Eigenmann 1912. Acestrorhynchidae: Heterocharacinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Demarara River basins; Amazon River basin and Orinoco River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

maculipinna, Acestrorhynchus Menezes [N. A.] & Géry [J.] 1983:579, Fig. 7 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 90 (no. 3); ref. 8307] Rio Preto da Eva, between Manaus and Itacoatiara, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 25861. Paratypes: MHNG 2098.13 (1), MNHN 1982-1115 (1), MZUSP 25862 (1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:448 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus maculipinna Menezes & Géry 1983 -- (Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza 2007:693, 755 [ref. 29426]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus maculipinna Menezes & Géry 1983. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

maracaiboensis, Gilbertolus alatus Schultz [L. P.] 1943:273 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 33 (no. 9); ref. 10138] In a caño half miles west of Sinamaica, Maracaibo basin, Estado de Zulia, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121386. Paratypes: USNM 121387-89 (4, 1, 1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:22 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Gilbertolus alatus (Steindachner 1878), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Galvis et al. 1997:49 [ref. 23651]). •Valid as Gilbertolus maracaiboensis Schultz 1943 -- (Menezes & Lucena 1998:284 [ref. 23657], Lucena & Menezes 1998:263 [ref. 23776], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:235 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gilbertolus maracaiboensis Schultz 1943. Acestrorhynchidae: Roestinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

microlepis, Hydrocyon Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:247 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Negro; Rio Branco; and Essiquibo River, South America. No types known. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine 1841) -- (Menezes & Géry 1983:590 [ref. 8307], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:104 [ref. 23654], Toledo-Piza & Menezes 1996:4 [ref. 22056], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:195 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2016:528 [ref. 34727] with author as Schomburgk, Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633] with author as Schomburgk, Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:83 [ref. 35773], Silvano et al. 2020:44 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:5 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus microlepis (Jardine 1841). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and rivers of northern South America (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela, Peru and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

minimus, Acestrorhynchus Menezes [N. A.] 1969:78, 120, Fig. 60 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 18 (nos 1-2); ref. 7834] Lago Jacaré, Rio Trombetas, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Holotype: DZSASP 4608. Paratypes: (57) ANSP 71080 (1); DZSASP 4609 (1); MCZ 20528 (12), 20532 (15), 20554 (1), 20560 (3), 20585 (2), 20589 (1), 20591 (13), 20594 (1), 20598 (4), 46004 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621], Oyakawa 1996:448-449 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus minimus Menezes 1969 -- (Menezes & Géry 1983:592 [ref. 8307], Chang & Ortega 1995:2 [ref. 24302], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:204 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745] as cf. minimus, Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus minimus Menezes 1969. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Brazil-Colombian border, ?Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

molossus, Cynopotamus Kner [R.] 1858:168 [8] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Caicara, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 68754-55 (2, 2), 92856 (2). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:51 [p. 43 in separate], Pl. 7 (fig. 16) [ref. 7130]. •Valid as Roestes molossus (Kner 1858) -- (Prada-Pedreros 1997:353 [ref. 24956], Menezes & Lucena 1998:286 [ref. 23657], Lucena & Menezes 1998:263 [ref. 23776], Britski et al. 1999:55 [ref. 24147], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:236 [ref. 27061], Torrente-Vilara et al. 2008:103 [ref. 29867], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:69, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:120 [ref. 38133]). Current status: Valid as Roestes molossus (Kner 1858). Acestrorhynchidae: Roestinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

nasutus, Acestrorhynchus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:411, Pl. 61 (fig. 4) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Rockstone, Guyana. Holotype (unique): FMNH 53475 [ex CM 1959]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:70 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:5 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus nasutus Eigenmann 1912 -- (Menezes & Géry 1983:590 [ref. 8307], Chang & Ortega 1995:2 [ref. 24302], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Winemiller 2003:204 [ref. 27386], Toledo-Piza 2007:693, 755 [ref. 29426], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:45 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus nasutus Eigenmann 1912. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and rivers of Guyana (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

ogilviei, Xiphocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1914:252, Fig. 9 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 66; ref. 1390] Rupununi River, Guyana, 2°-3°N, 50°20'W. Holotype (unique): ANSP 39337. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Roestes ogilviei (Fowler 1914) -- (Menezes & Lucena 1998:287 [ref. 23657], Lucena & Menezes 1998:263 [ref. 23776], Toledo-Piza in Reis et al. 2003:236 [ref. 27061], Torrente-Vilara et al. 2008:103 [ref. 29867], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Roestes ogilviei (Fowler 1914). Acestrorhynchidae: Roestinae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle Amazon River basin and rivers Essequibo, Branco and Negro (Brazil, Colombia and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

pantaneiro, Acestrorhynchus Menezes [N. A.] 1992:42 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 5; ref. 21389] Rio Cuiabá, Volta Grande, Município de Santo Antônio do Leverger, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 40256. Paratypes: MZUSP 2049 (1), 19938 and 36731 (total 6), 19996 (1), 26913 (1), 27677-78 (2, 1), 27680 (1), 27691 (1), 27815 (4), 36393-94 and 36422 (total 5), 36714 (3); USNM 297759-60 (2, 2), 297762 (7). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:449-450 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes 1992 -- (Braga 1994:24 [ref. 27878], Gómez & Chebez 1996:47 [ref. 23791], Sverlij et al. 1998:12 [ref. 27632], Britski et al. 1999:56 [ref. 24147], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928], Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:232 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:74 [ref. 28131], Toledo-Piza 2007:755 [ref. 29426], Mirande 2010:482 [ref. 31006], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:35, 183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:411 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:24 [ref. 35267], Loureiro et al. 2020:14 [ref. 37909], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:4 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40740], Giora & Wingert 2023:153 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:52 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes 1992. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Distribution: South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Invasive in some parts of southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pulverulentus, Salmo Linnaeus [C.] 1758:312 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America [in error]. Holotype: NRM 7249. •In the synonymy of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:231 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch 1794). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Habitat: freshwater.

steindachneri, Gnathocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1913:561, Fig. 19 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Igarapé de Candelaria, tributary of Rio Madeira and about 2 miles distant, Brazil, 8°45'S, 63°54'W. Holotype: ANSP 39309. Paratypes: ANSP 39310 (1), 39311 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:54 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Gnathocharax steindachneri Fowler 1913 -- (Taphorn 1992:191 [ref. 23654], Chang & Ortega 1995:2 [ref. 24302], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:203 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Mattox et al. 2014:355 [ref. 33387], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:83 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:10 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Gnathocharax steindachneri Fowler 1913. Acestrorhynchidae: Heterocharacinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

varius, Acestrorhynchus falcatus Menezes [N. A.] 1969:40, Fig. 25 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 18 (nos 1-2); ref. 7834] Cachimbo, Pará, Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Holotype: DZSASP 4560. Paratypes: DZSASP 4561-67 (7). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:447 [ref. 23140]. •Synonym of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch 1794) -- (Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:231 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch 1794). Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Habitat: freshwater.

vigintisexradiatus, Salmo Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:388 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Originally as Salmo 26-radiatus. Quoted from Larrañaga manuscript as Sp. n., by Devincenzi, but Devincenzi (p. 322, 313) treated as a synonym of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch) [= Salmo falcatus Bloch 1794]. •Synonym of Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes 1992 -- (Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622]). Current status: Uncertain as Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes 1992. Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchinae. Habitat: freshwater.

virgulatus, Heterocharax Toledo-Piza [M.] 2000:298, Figs. 4-7, 10-11 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 25072] Río Negro at the confluence with Río Urubaxi, 0°35'S, 64°45'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 29226. Paratypes: INHS 52501 (10); INPA 15483 (10); MUZSP 31141 (23), 58000 (325, 3 c&s); ROM 71994 (10); USNM 358586 (10). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Heterocharax virgulatus Toledo-Piza 2000 -- (Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:203 [ref. 27061], Mattox et al. 2014:353 [ref. 33387], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Heterocharax virgulatus Toledo-Piza 2000. Acestrorhynchidae: Heterocharacinae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.