Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Alosidae: [ 130 ] records

advena, Clupea Philippi [R. A.] 1879:161, Pl. 10 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 45 (pt. 1); ref. 18551] Chile. No types known. As "Clupea oder Alausa advena in main heading. •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842) -- (Whitehead 1985:61 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842). Alosidae. Habitat: marine.

aestivalis, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:21 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Mitchill 1815:456, Pl. 5 (fig. 6) [ref. 13292]. •Valid as Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill 1814) -- (Lee et al. 1980:61 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:65 [ref. 22186], Whitehead 1985:192 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:67 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:102 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:51 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:33 [ref. 18983], Desfosse et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:217 [ref. 21581], Murdy et al. 1997:78 [ref. 23144], Scott & Crossman 1998:119 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:42 [ref. 25838], Munroe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:112 [ref. 26158], Scharpf 2003:13 [ref. 26883], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:810 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:66 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:9 [ref. 28940], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548], Page & Burr 2011:147 [ref. 31215], Schmidt & Morse 2011:229 [ref. 31775], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:67 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:312 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill 1814). Alosidae. Distribution: Northwestern Atlantic: Atlantic coast from Canada to northern Florida (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

aestuarina, Caspialosa caspia Berg [L. S.] 1932:88, Fig. 94 [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Northern Caspian Sea, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1948:140 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on placement of caspia Eichwald by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838) -- (Heckman 1991:135 [ref. 24828], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:23 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

africana, Alosa Regan [C. T.] 1916:8 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 18 (no. 103) (art. 1); ref. 15064] Algeria. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1868.4.30.1. •Hybrid between Alosa alosa and Alosa fallax (Kartas 1991:213 [ref. 24841]). •Synonym of Alosa algeriensis Regan 1916 -- (Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

agone, Cyprinus Scopoli [J. A.] 1786:71 [Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae; ref. 18712] Lake Lugano, Switzerland. Neotype: MHNG 656.48. Type catalog: Weber 1998:6 [ref. 32707] with species as agonus. Genus originally as Ciprinus. Neotype designated by Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952]. Spelled agonus by Bloch & Schneider 1801:445 [ref. 471]. •Valid as Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726], Fricke et al. 2007:25 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:65 [ref. 29996], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:2 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:2 [ref. 32897], Kukuev & Orlov 2018:33 [ref. 36609], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Dyldin et al. 2022:[13] [ref. 39193], Çiçek et al. 2023:331 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Distribution: Southern Europe: lakes of Switzerland and northern Italy. Introduced in central Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

agrachanica, Caspialosa brashnikovi Mikhailovsky [A. A.] 1941:563 [Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. A (Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS), Leningrad v. 30 (no. 6); ref. 13210] Region of islands Tyulenyi and Dargui, northern Caspian Sea. Neotype: ZIN 17334. Original syntypes: ZIN 1182-1199 (not at ZIN). Neotype designated by Svetovidov 1951:263, fig. 40 [ref. 21481]. Author also seen as Mikhailovskaya. •Synonym of Caspialosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] (Borodin 1904) -- (Berg 1948:119 [ref. 12882] as agrakhanika). •See also Dorofeeva 1998:24 [ref. 23573]. •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904), but a valid subspecies agrachanica (Mikhailovsky 1941) as described -- (Whitehead 1985:196 [ref. 5141], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702] as braschnikowii). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983] as braschnikowii). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

alabamae, Alosa Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] in Evermann 1896:203 [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 21 (for 1894) (art. 4); ref. 14611] Black Warrior River at Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 47689-90 (1, 1). •Valid as Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann 1896 -- (Lee et al. 1980:62 [ref. 22416], Whitehead 1985:193 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:68 [ref. 23100], Robison & Buchanan 1988:107 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:35 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:39 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:122 [ref. 22809], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Mettee et al. 1996:115 [ref. 25836], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:331 [ref. 23897], Musick et al. 2000:11 [ref. 24959], Ross et al. 2001:103 [ref. 25978], Scharpf 2003:13 [ref. 26883], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:811 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:66 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:66 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:135 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:9 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:150 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:68 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:312 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann 1896. Alosidae. Distribution: Northwestern Atlantic: eastern and Gulf Coast (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

algeriensis, Alosa finta Regan [C. T.] 1916:10 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 18 (no. 103) (art. 1); ref. 15064] Algeria. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1868.4.30.2. Additional material: (1). •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:199 [ref. 5141]). •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies -- (Kartas 1991:213 [ref. 24841]). •Questionably valid as Alosa algeriensis Regan 1916 -- (Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). •Valid as Alosa algeriensis Regan 1916 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:66 [ref. 29996], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108] with question, Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080]). Current status: Valid as Alosa algeriensis Regan 1916. Alosidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea and adjacent watersheds. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

alosa, Clupea Linnaeus [C.] 1758:318 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European Ocean. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.179 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:207 [ref. 13434]. •Valid as Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1948:145 [ref. 12882], Svetovidov 1973:105 [ref. 7169], Poll et al. 1984:41 [ref. 6172], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:269 [ref. 13675], Whitehead 1985:194 [ref. 5141], Wheeler 1985:24-25 [ref. 20705], Lelek 1987:58 [ref. 22962], Whitehead 1990:208 [ref. 14039], Quignard & Douchement 1991:89 [ref. 24829], Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:24 [ref. 23573], Swinney et al. 2000:35 [ref. 25136], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:174 [ref. 26753], Hanel 2003:48 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:32 [ref. 28183], Hanel & Lusk 2005:186 [ref. 28804], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548], Fricke 2007:25 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:67 [ref. 29996], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:19 [ref. 36649], Munroe 2016:1729 [ref. 34560], Martins & Carneiro 2018:27 [ref. 36550], Kukuev & Orlov 2018:33 [ref. 36609], Carneiro et al. 2019:71 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108] with question, Dyldin et al. 2020:79 [ref. 37569], Kovačić et al. 2020:47 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:51 [ref. 38883], Kovačić et al. 2021:21 [ref. 39014], Dyldin et al. 2022:[13] [ref. 39193]). Current status: Valid as Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758). Alosidae. Distribution: Northeastern Atlantic; Baltic Sea; North Sea; also adjacent freshwater rivers of Europe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

asovi, Alosa caspia tanaica natio Pavlov [P. I.] (ex Grimm) 1959:106, 107 [Institut Hidrobiologii Akademija Nauk RSR; ref. 22963] Infrasubspecific, not available; from Azov Sea. Source given as 'Grimm' (O. von Grimm). •In the synonymy of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), subspecies tanaica (Grimm 1901) -- (Mogil'chenko 1991:181 [ref. 24826]). •In the synonymy of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901) -- (Kottelat 1997:40 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

aureus, Clupanodon Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:52, Pl. 21 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Brazil. Syntypes: MHNN 1159 (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1988:84 [ref. 13380]. •Valid as Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Whitehead 1985:210 [ref. 5141], Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:58 [ref. 25942], López et al. 2002:63 [ref. 26808], López et al. 2003:8 [ref. 27366], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27192], Menni 2004:71 [ref. 28131], Mabragaña et al. 2011:table S2 [ref. 31800], Fabiano et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33530], Mirande & Koerber 2015:9 [ref. 35117], Petry et al. 2016:300 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:26 [ref. 35565], Pozzobon et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38249], Carvalho-Filho 2023:61 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Alosidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Bahia (Brazil) south to Uruguay and northern Argentina. Habitat: marine.

autumnalis, Caspialosa brashnikovi Berg [L. S.] 1915:6, Pl. 1 (figs. 2-3) [Materialy k' poznaniyu russkago rybolovstva [Materials to the knowledge of the Russian fishery.], Petrograd v. 4 (no. 6) (art. 9); ref. 276] Southern Caspian Sea. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. See Dorofeeva 1998:24 [ref. 23573]. •Synonym of Caspialosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] (Borodin 1904) -- (Berg 1948:118 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Whitehead 1985:196 [ref. 5141], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702] as braschnikowii). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983] as braschnikowii). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

balticus, Alosa fallax Kukuev [E. I.] & Orlov [A. M.] 2018:32, Figs. 2-4 [Biologiya Vnutrennykh 2018 (no. 4); ref. 36609] Curonian Lagoon, Baltic Sea, Russia. Holotype: ZIN 56152. Paratypes: ZIN. Combined with the feminine genus Alosa, the adjective should have been baltica. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies baltica -- (Dyldin et al. 2020:80, 110 [ref. 37569]). •Valid as Alosa baltica Kukuev & Orlov 2018 -- (Dyldin et al. 2022:[13] [ref. 39193]). Current status: Valid as Alosa baltica Kukuev & Orlov 2018. Alosidae. Distribution: Baltic Sea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

benacensis, Alosa lacustrus forma Barbieri [C.] 1907:140, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Rivista mensile di Pesca (lacustre, fluviale, marina) (Pavia) Anno 9 (no. 4-5, 6); ref. 21775] Lake Garda, Italy. Original not seen. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), subspecies lacustris (Fatio 1890) -- (Quignard & Douchement 1991:257 [ref. 24829]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bergi, Caspialosa volgensis Tanassiychuk [N. P.] 1940:103 [Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR = Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS N.S. v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 17248] Near villiage of Nikolskoye, 240 kilometers above Astrakhan, Volga Delta, northern Caspian Sea, Russia. Syntypes: (several) ZIN 29212 (1). •Synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887) -- (Berg 1948:130 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on placement of kessleri by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838), subspecies kessleri (Grimm 1887) -- (Heckman 1991:325 [ref. 24828]). •Synonym of Alosa kessleri (Grimm 1887) -- (Whitehead 1985:201 [ref. 5141], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:24 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa kessleri (Grimm 1887). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bolivari, Alosa fallax Lozano Rey [L.] 1929:660, Pl. 30 (fig. 3) [Memorias de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural Madrid v. 15; ref. 16057] Er Rif coasts, Melilla, Spanish Morocco, western Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), subspecies nilotica (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1808) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169]). •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), subspecies algeriensis (Regan 1916) -- (Kartas 1991:213 [ref. 24841]). •Synonym of Alosa algeriensis Regan 1916 -- (Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa algeriensis Regan 1916. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

borysthenis, Alosa kessleri pontica natio Pavlov [P. I.] 1959:32, Fig. 10 [Institut Hidrobiologii Akademija Nauk RSR; ref. 22963] Infrasubspecific, not available; from lower Dnieper River, Ukraine. •In the synonymy of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842]). •In the synonymy of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

braschnikowi, Clupea caspiopontica var. Borodin [N. A.] 1904:180 [13], Fig. 4 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 18876] Near Fort Aleksandrovsk, middle Caspian Sea, Kazakhstan. Lectotype: ZIN 13051 (280 mm). Paralectotypes: ZIN 13051 (7 of 8, with lectotype). On p. 13 of separate. Spelled Braschnicowii on p. 14. Also described in Borodin 1905:268 [ref. 15340]. Spelled braschnikovi in literature. Lectotype established by Svetovidov 1952:258 [ref. 21481]. •Valid as Caspialosa brashnikovi, with subspecies -- (Berg 1948:116 [ref. 12882], Whitehead 1985:195 [ref. 5141], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702] as braschnikowii). •Valid as Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Whitehead 1985:195 [ref. 5141] as braschnikovi, Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Dorofeeva 1998:24 [ref. 23573] as braschnikowii, Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:32 [ref. 28183], Fricke et al. 2007:25 [ref. 29533] as braschnikovi, Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:27 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983] as braschnikowii, Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Dyldin et al. 2022:[14] [ref. 39193], Çiçek et al. 2023:331 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:38 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea and its watersheds. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brauneri, Caspialosa Nikolskii [A. M.] 1923:5 [Byulleten' Vseukraichskoi Gosudarstvennoi Chernomorsko-Azovskoi Nauchno-Promyslovoi Opytchoi Smachmii "BUGYANPOS" Nos. 8-9; ref. 21484] Near Dniestr River mouth, northwestern Black Sea, Ukraine. No types known. Based on Brauner 1912:123. •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169]). •Synonym of Alosa maeotica (Grimm 1901) -- (Whitehead 1985:202 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:309 [ref. 24842], Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952], Dorofeeva 1998:26 [ref. 23573], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa maeotica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

brevicaudata, Brevoortia tyrannus var. Goode [G. B.] 1878:34 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 1 (no. 15); ref. 18142] Noank, Connecticut, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 129797. Paralectotypes: USNM 14044 (3), 14846 (4). Lectotype from USNM records, not designated here. •Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802). Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802). Alosidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bulgarica, Alosa Drensky [P.] 1934:79 (German p. 85), Fig. 1 [Izvestija na Carskite Prirodonaucni Instituti va Sofija = Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, Bulgraien = Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle à Sofia, Bulgarie v. 7; ref. 16420] Lower Resovska River, south of Burgas, Bulgaria coasts of the Black Sea. Lectotype: NMNHS 300/2. Lectotype selected by Karapetkova in Hoestlandt 1991:129 (not investigated, see Kottelat 1997:40 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901) -- (Kottelat 1997:40 [ref. 22952], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:35 [ref. 26753]). •Valid as Alosa bulgarica Drensky 1934 -- (Michajlova 1989:25 [ref. 20062]). •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies bulgarica Drensky 1934 -- (Svetovidov 1973:106 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:271 [ref. 13675], Whitehead 1985:197 [ref. 5141], Lelek 1987:58 [ref. 22962], Karpaetkova 1991:129 [ref. 24830], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:163 [ref. 28369], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:23 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:38 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838). Alosidae. Distribution: Subspecies is a Bulgarian endemic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caerulea, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:457 [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Clupea harengus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Smith 1986:395 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842) -- (Parrish et al. 1989:2021 [ref. 19496], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:238 [ref. 36362], Fricke et al. 2024:148 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842). Alosidae. Habitat: marine.

caerulea, Meletta Girard [C. F.] 1854:138 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1817] San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 1240-43 (4), 1252 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:62 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Sardinops caeruleus (Girard 1854) -- (Whitehead 1985:57 [ref. 5141], Allen & Robertson 1994:61 [ref. 22193], Whitehead & Rodriguez-Sánchez in Fischer et al. 1995:1023 [ref. 22829]). •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies caeruleus (Girard 1854) -- (McAllister 1990:53 [ref. 14674], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:189 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:188 [ref. 24555] with question). •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842) -- (Mecklenburg et al. 2002:135 [ref. 25968], Fricke et al. 2024:148 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842). Alosidae. Habitat: marine.

californica, Alausa Gill [T. N.] 1862:281 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1666] California, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 4484 (4). •Synonym of Sardinops caeruleus (Girard 1854) -- (Whitehead 1985:57 [ref. 5141]). •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842). Current status: Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842). Alosidae. Habitat: marine.

carolinensis, Clupea Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:140 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Central Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: BMNH 1853.11.12.109 (skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:206 [ref. 13434]. •Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802) -- (Wheeler 1958:206 [ref. 13434]). Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802). Alosidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

caspia, Clupea Eichwald [C. E. von] 1838:134 [Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou v. 11; ref. 18063] Caspian Sea. Type illustrated in Berg 1948:137 [ref. 12882]. Also appeared as new in Eichward 1838:99 [ref. 34622]. See also Dorofeeva 1998:29 [ref. 23573] •Valid as Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838) -- (Berg 1948:137 [ref. 12882]). •Valid as Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), with subspecies -- (Svetovidov 1973:106 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:270 [ref. 13675], Whitehead 1985:197 [ref. 5141], Hoestlandt 1991:127 [ref. 24825], Heckman 1991:135 [ref. 24828], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:33 [ref. 28183], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548], Fricke et al. 2007:26 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:67 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:47 [ref. 30517], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:143 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:27 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:79 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:22 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Dyldin et al. 2022:[14] [ref. 39193], Çiçek et al. 2023:331 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:38 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838). Alosidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ceresioverbana, Alosa lacustris forma Barbieri [C.] 1907:140, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Rivista mensile di Pesca (lacustre, fluviale, marina) (Pavia) Anno 9 (no. 4-5, 6); ref. 21775] Lake Maggiore, Italy; Lake Laguno, Switzerland. Original not seen. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), subspecies lacustris (Fatio 1890) -- (Quignard & Douchement 1991:257 [ref. 24829]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysochloris, Pomolobus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:171 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 7309] Ohio River, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Rafinesque 1820:39 [ref. 3592]. •Valid as Alosa chrysochloris (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Lee et al. 1980:63 [ref. 22416], Whitehead 1985:198 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:68 [ref. 23100], Robison & Buchanan 1988:109 [ref. 23393], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:38 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:34 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:40 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:123 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Stauffer et al. 1995:46 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:43 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:117 [ref. 25836], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:332 [ref. 23897], Fuller et al. 1999:43 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:22 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:105 [ref. 25978], Scharpf 2003:13 [ref. 26883], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:812 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:68 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:137 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:9 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:149 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:69 [ref. 35886], Bagley et al. 2023:312 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:147 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Alosa chrysochloris (Rafinesque 1820). Alosidae. Distribution: Northwestern Atlantic: eastern-central U.S.A. south to western Gulf of Mexico (Mexico). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

chtamalocephala, Caspialosa pontica morpha Isachenko [V. L.] 1925:110, 116 [Trudy Vseukrainskoj Gosudarstvennoj Cernomorsko-Azovskoj Naucno-Promyslovoj Opytnoj Stancii; = Arbelten der All-Ukranischen Wissenschaftlich-Praktischen Staats-Station des Schwarzen und Asow Meeres, Narodnyj Komissariat Zemiedelija Ukrainskoj SSR v. 1; ref. 18328] Dnieper River at Otchakov, Ukraine. Syntypes: (10). Apparently not available, infrasubspecific; from mouth of Dnieper River, Otchakov, Ukraine; perhaps validated later. •Synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887), subspecies pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Berg 1948:124 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842]). •Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

communis, Alosa Yarrell [W.] 1836:136, Fig. [A history of British fishes; ref. 4812] Thames and Severn rivers, U.K. No types known. •Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:105 [ref. 7169], Poll et al. 1984:41 [ref. 6172], Whitehead 1985:194 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:208 [ref. 14039], Quignard & Douchement 1991:89 [ref. 24829], Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

curensis, Clupea (Alosa) Suvorov [E. K.] 1907:162 [24], Fig. 4 [Trudy Kasp. Exped. 1904 v. 1; ref. 14359] Southern Caspian Sea, near mouth of Kura River, Azerbaijan. Lectotype: ZIN 13984. Paralectotypes: ZIN 13984 (2, with lectotype). On p. 24 of separate. Lectotype established by Svetovidov 1952:279 [ref. 21481]. •Valid as Caspialosa curensis (Suvorov 1907) -- (Berg 1948:120 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa brashnikowi (Borodin 1904), but a valid subspecies -- (Whitehead 1985:196 [ref. 5141] as brashnikovi, Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608]). •See Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608]. •Valid as Alosa curensis (Suvorov 1907) -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:28 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36089] once misspelled kurensis, Çiçek et al. 2024:39 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa curensis (Suvorov 1907). Alosidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: brackish.

cuvierii, Alosa Malm [A. W.] 1877:654 [ ref. 2881] Original as Linnéi. Tentatively regarded as an unneeded replacement name for Clupea alosa Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid "Strickland tautonomy"). •Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:105 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:194 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:208 [ref. 14039], Quignard & Douchement 1991:89 [ref. 24829], Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952], Dorofeeva 1998:24 [ref. 23573]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

cyanonoton, Alosa Storer [D. H.] 1848:242 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18841] Provincetown, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Questionably a synonym of Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill 1814) -- (Smith 1986:66 [ref. 22186], Whitehead 1985:192 [ref. 5141]). •Synonym of Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill 1814) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:120 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill 1814). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

danubii, Alosa pontica var. Antipa [G.] 1904:300 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Northwest coast of Black Sea and lower Danube [Donau] River, Romania. Syntypes: ?NMW 4239 (4). Appeared in more detail in Antipa 1906:17, Pl. 1 (figs. 4-8) [ref. 6859]. •Synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887), subspecies pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Berg 1948:124 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842], Dorofeeva 1998:27 [ref. 23573]). •Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

derzhavini, Caspialosa brashnikovi Tarasevich [V. M.] 1946:49 [Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR, otel biologii i sel'skokhozyaistvennyhk nauk [Bull. Acad. Sci. Azerbaijan SSR] Issue 1, yr. 12 (no. 3); ref. 19605] Near Apsheron Peninsula, Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Caspialosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Berg 1948:465 [ref. 12882], Whitehead 1985:195 [ref. 5141]). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (authors). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dobrogica, Sardina Antipa [G.] 1904:302 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Black Sea, Romania. No types known. Appeared in more detail in Antipa 1906:42 [ref. 6859]. •Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Svetovidov 1973:102 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:55 [ref. 5141], Parin et al. 2014:60 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

eichwaldii, Clupea Grimm [O. von] 1901:67 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 18161] Azov Sea, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 16108-13 (1, 1 juv., 1 juv., 1, 3, 5) •Synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887), subspecies pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Berg 1948:124 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842], Dorofeeva 1998:27 [ref. 23573], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2024:40 [ref. 40789]) Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

elata, Caspialosa kiselevitschi morpha Morozov [A. V.] 1928:73 [Trudy Naucnogo Instituta Rybnogo Chozjajstva v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 19612] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Krasnovodsk Bay, Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan. Infrasubspecific. Alosidae.

elongata, Caspialosa brauneri morpha Isachenko [V. L.] 1925:128 [Trudy Vseukrainskoj Gosudarstvennoj Cernomorsko-Azovskoj Naucno-Promyslovoj Opytnoj Stancii; = Arbelten der All-Ukranischen Wissenschaftlich-Praktischen Staats-Station des Schwarzen und Asow Meeres, Narodnyj Komissariat Zemiedelija Ukrainskoj SSR v. 1; ref. 18328] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Mouth of Dnieper River, Otchakov, Ukraine. •In the synonymy of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169]). •In the synonymy of Alosa maeotica (Grimm 1901) -- (Whitehead 1985:202 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:309 [ref. 24842], Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952], Dorofeeva 1998:26 [ref. 23573], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alosa maeotica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae.

elongata, Clupea alosa var. De la Pylaie [A. J. M.] 1835:533 [Congrès Scientifique de France v. 2 (Sept. 1834) (art. 5); ref. 1086] Regarded as without distinguishing features, not available. From France. •Questionably in the synonymy of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952] who treats as infrasubspecific). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803). Alosidae.

etemi, Caspiolosa tanaica Battalgil [F.] 1941:171 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Lake Manyas, Asia Minor. Spelling of original genus should have been Caspialosa. •Status uncertain -- (Svetovidov 1973:106 [ref. 7169]). •Questionably a synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901) -- (Kottelat 1997:40 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901) -- (Çiçek et al. 2024:42 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fallax, Clupea Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:424, 452 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Seine River at Rouen, France. Neotype: MNHN 0000-3188. Type catalog: Bertin 1940:278-279 [ref. 293], Whitehead & Bauchot 1985:11 [ref. 9739]. Putative neotype designated by Whitehead 1967:79 [ref. 6464] and accepted by Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:11 [ref. 9739]. •Italian populations questionably a synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). •Valid as Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), subspecies fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548]). •Valid as Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Berg 1948:144 [ref. 12882], Svetovidov 1973:107 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:271 [ref. 13675], Poll et al. 1984:41 [ref. 6172], Whitehead 1985:199 [ref. 5141], Lelek 1987:61 [ref. 22962], Whitehead 1990:209 [ref. 14039], Quignard & Douchement 1991:211, 225 [ref. 24829], Lévèque et al. 1991:133 [ref. 31367], Bianco et al. 1996:55 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:26 [ref. 23573], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:33 [ref. 28183], Golani 2005:18 [ref. 37112], Fricke 2007:25 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:65 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:48 [ref. 30517], Coscia et al. 2013:1193 [ref. 37936], Parin et al. 2014:53 [ref. 33547], Barbieri et al. 2015:39 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:143 [ref. 35151], Munroe 2016:1730 [ref. 34560], Neumann et al. 2016:303 [ref. 35036], Martins & Carneiro 2018:28 [ref. 36550], Kukuev & Orlov 2018:33 [ref. 36609], Ćaleta et al. 2019:146 [ref. 37026], Carneiro et al. 2019:72 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Çiçek et al. 2020:243 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:80, 103 [ref. 37569], Kovačić et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:51 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:18 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:21 [ref. 39014], Çiçek et al. 2023:331 [ref. 40625], Dulčić in Grech et al. 2023:406 [ref. 40778], Shumka et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40747] as Alosafallax, Çiçek et al. 2024:39 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803). Alosidae. Distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; southern Black Sea; northeastern Atlantic; also adjacent freshwater river habitats of Europe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fasciata, Clupea Lesueur [C. A.] 1818:233 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2735] Massachusetts, U.S.A. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Clupea fasciata Lacepède 1803. •Questionably a synonym of Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill 1814) -- (Whitehead 1985:192 [ref. 5141]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill 1814). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ficta, Alosa Duhamel du Monceau [H. L.] 1776:320, Pl. I, figs. 1-7 [ ref. 35387] Originally described as Alosa ficta aut falsa, not binominal. Published in a rejected work, see ICZN Opinion 859. •Valid as Alosa ficta Duhamel 1776 -- (Spillmann 1961:30 [ref. 35397] with date 1772). •In the synonymy of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803). Alosidae.

fimbriata, Alausa Kner [R.] & Steindachner [F.] 1867:386 [31], Pl. 3 (fig. 15) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 54 (pt 3); ref. 2640] Valparaíso?, Chile. No types known. Type information: Whitehead 1970:16 [ref. 11605]. On p. 31 of separate. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

finta, Clupea Cuvier [G.] 1829:320 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] "jusque dans le Nil." No types known. Type catalog: Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:38 [ref. 9739]. •Valid as Clupea finta Cuvier 1829 -- (Herrera 1896:27 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Berg 1948:144 [ref. 12882], Svetovidov 1973:107 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:271 [ref. 13675], Poll et al. 1984:41 [ref. 6172], Whitehead 1985:199 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:209 [ref. 14039], Quignard & Douchement 1991:211, 225 [ref. 24829], Lévèque et al. 1991:133 [ref. 31367], Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Munroe 2016:1730 [ref. 34560]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Alosa finta Regan [C. T.] 1916:10 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 18 (no. 103) (art. 1); ref. 15064] Lake Garda, Italy. Holotype: BMNH 1896.10.32.4. Paratypes: (2) BMNH •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Whitehead 1985:199 [ref. 5141]). •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), subspecies lacustris (Fatio 1890) -- (Quignard & Douchement 1991:257 [ref. 24829]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

grimmi, Clupea caspiopontica var. Borodin [N. A.] 1904:180, 184 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 18876] Ashur-ade, near Astrabad Bay, Caspian Sea, Iran. Lectotype: ZIN 13045 (34 cm). Paralectotypes: ZIN 13045 (5 of 6, with lectotype). Lectotype selected by Svetovidov 1952:277, fig. 46 [ref. 21481]. •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Whitehead 1985:195, 196 [ref. 5141] as brashnikovi, Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702] as braschnikowii). •See also Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573]. •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983] as braschnikowii). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Distribution: Caspian Sea. Habitat: freshwater.

gunteri, Brevoortia Hildebrand [S. F.] 1948:31, Fig. 7 [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 107 (no. 18); ref. 13057] Aransas Bay, Rockport, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 129798. Paratypes: TU 10792 [ex USNM 129802] (1); USNM 120041 (1), 129799-801 (1, 2, 1), 129803-08 (1, 1, 31, 3, 1, 1). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:117 [ref. 20861], Bart & Taylor 1993:30 [ref. 20906]. •Valid as Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand 1948 -- (Whitehead 1985:211 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:68 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:40 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:333 [ref. 23897], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:107 [ref. 24550], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:828 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Miller 2006:91 [ref. 28615], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:344 [ref. 36407], Pozzobon et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38249], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:147 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Brevoortia gunteri Hildebrand 1948. Alosidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: western Gulf of Mexico (U.S.A., Mexico) endemic. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hypselocephala, Caspialosa pontica Fowler [H. W.] 1973:236 [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 26 (nos 3/4); ref. 9329] Mouth of Dnieper River, Otchakov, Ukraine. Syntypes: (12). This name appeared first as infrasubspecific in Isachenko 1925; apparently first published in an available way as above with reference to Isachenko and to Berg 1925. •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842]). •Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

hypselocephala, Caspialosa pontica morpha Isachenko [V. L.] 1925:113, 116 [Trudy Vseukrainskoj Gosudarstvennoj Cernomorsko-Azovskoj Naucno-Promyslovoj Opytnoj Stancii; = Arbelten der All-Ukranischen Wissenschaftlich-Praktischen Staats-Station des Schwarzen und Asow Meeres, Narodnyj Komissariat Zemiedelija Ukrainskoj SSR v. 1; ref. 18328] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Mouth of Dnieper River, Otchakov, Ukraine. Publication in an available way dates to Fowler 1973 who treated the name as a valid subspecies. •In the synonymy of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887), subspecies pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Berg 1948:124 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on treatment of other varieties by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. •In the synonymy of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141]). •In the synonymy of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

imitans, Caspialosa kessleri volgensis infra. Berg [L. S.] 1948:133 [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries No. 27; ref. 12882] Appeared as Caspialosa kessleri isp. [infraspecies] volgensis imitans, nom. nov. Not available, infrasubspecific. In the genus Alosa based on placement of kessleri by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. Infrasubspecific. Alosidae.

immaculata, Alosa Bennett [E. T.] 1835:92 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1835 (pt 3); ref. 16793] Near Trabzon [Trebizond], Turkey, Black Sea. No types known. •Doubtfully a senior synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887) -- (Berg 1948:124 [ref. 12882], Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141]). •In the synonymy of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842]). •Valid as Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:35 [ref. 26753], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:33 [ref. 28183], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548], Fricke et al. 2007:26 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:69 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:48 [ref. 30517], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:164 [ref. 31251], Parin et al. 2014:54 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2015:143 [ref. 35151], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Ćaleta et al. 2019:147 [ref. 37026], Çiçek et al. 2020:243 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:80 [ref. 37569], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Dyldin et al. 2022:[14] [ref. 39193], Niță et al. 2022:37 [ref. 40471], Çiçek et al. 2023:332 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:40 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Distribution: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and adjacent watersheds (Russia, Georgia and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

indigena, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:21 [22] [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. No types known. On p. 22 of 1898 reprint. Also in Mitchill 1815:454 [ref. 13292]. •Synonym of Alosa sapidissima (Wilson 1811) -- (Whitehead 1985:206 [ref. 5141] with question, Smith 1986:71 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa sapidissima (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

issatschenkovi, Alosa kessleri pontica natio Pavlov [P. I.] 1959:36 [Institut Hidrobiologii Akademija Nauk RSR; ref. 22963] Infrasubspecific, not available; from Dniepr River, Ukraine. •In the synonymy of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842]). •In the synonymy of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952]). •See also Dorofeeva 1998:27 [ref. 23573]. Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

kaidakensis, Caspialosa caspia Kazancheev [E. N.] 1936:25 [Rybnoe Khozyaistvo SSSR No. 3; ref. 21747] Kaidak, Caspian Sea. No types known. Original not seen. •Synonym of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838) subspecies salina (Svetovidov 1936) -- (Berg 1948:142 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on placement of caspia by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. Current status: Synonym of Alosa. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

kenderlensis, Caspialosa brashnikovi Badamshin [B. I.] 1938:37 [Rybnoe Khoziaistvo Volgo-Kaspiiskogo raiona = Fischerei-Wirtschaft des Kaspi-Wolgaschen Rayons No. 10; ref. 21774] Kendyrli Bay, Caspian Sea. •Synonym of Alosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] (Borodin 1904) -- (Whitehead 1985:195 [ref. 5141]). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

kertschi, Alosa brashnikovi maeotica natio Pavlov [P. I.] (ex Grimm) 1959:106-107 [Institut Hidrobiologii Akademija Nauk RSR; ref. 22963] Name only, not available, from Kertsch (Kerch, Ukraine). Source given as 'Grimm' (O. von Grimm). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alosa maeotica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae.

kessleri, Clupea Grimm [O. von] 1887:7, 16 [Sel'skoe khozyaistvo i lesovodstvo 1887 (no. 2); ref. 20032] Volga River delta, Astrakhan. Lectotype: ZIN 15925. Paralectotypes: ZIN 15922 (1). Lectotype selected by Berg 1913:32 [ref. 14941]. •Valid as Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887) -- (Berg 1948:127 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Heckman 1991:325 [ref. 24828]). •Valid as Alosa kessleri (Grimm 1887) -- (Whitehead 1985:201 [ref. 5141], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:26 [ref. 23573], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:70 [ref. 29996], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:28 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:80 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:24 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Dyldin et al. 2022:[14] [ref. 39193], Çiçek et al. 2024:40 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa kessleri (Grimm 1887). Alosidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

killarnensis, Alosa finta Regan [C. T.] 1916:9 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 18 (no. 103) (art. 1); ref. 15064] Killarney Lake, Ireland. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1912.3.1.21 (?1). •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Whitehead 1985:199 [ref. 5141], Lelek 1987:61 [ref. 22962], Quignard & Douchement 1991:254 [ref. 24829], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548]). •Valid as Alosa killarnensis Regan 1916 -- (Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:71 [ref. 29996], Coscia et al. 2013:1193 [ref. 37936] with question). Current status: Valid as Alosa killarnensis Regan 1916. Alosidae. Distribution: Western Europe: Killarney Lake (Ireland). Habitat: freshwater.

kisselevitschi, Caspialosa Bulgakov [G. P.] 1926:37, Pl. 2 [Bjulleten' Sredne-Aziatskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta = Bulletin de l'Université de l'Asie Centrale (Tachkent) = Ortaasija Davlat Darilfununinin Axbari v. 13; ref. 15578] Gassan-Kuli, southern Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan. Syntypes: (62) whereabouts unknown. Svetovidov 1952:272 [ref. 21481] states that type is at Middle Asian University at Tashkent. See also Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573]. Species sometimes misspelled as kisslevitichi. •Synonym of Caspialosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] (Borodin 1904) -- (Berg 1948:118 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904), but a valid subspecies kisselevitschi (Bulgakov 1926) -- (Whitehead 1985:196 [ref. 5141], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702] as braschnikowii). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983] as braschnikowii). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

knipowitschi, Caspialosa Iljin [B. S.] 1927:69 [Festschrift für Prof. N. M. Knipowitsch, 1885-1925.; ref. 15858] Southwestern Caspian Sea, Iran. Lectotype: ZIN 31892 (212 mm). Paralectotypes: (94) ZIN 31892 (3 of 4, with lectotype), 25602 (2). Lectotype perhaps established in Berg 1948:144, Fig. 89 [ref. 12882] but designated by Svetovidov 1952:238 [ref. 21481]. •Synonym of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1948:143 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on placement of caspia Eichwald by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Whitehead 1985:197 [ref. 5141], Heckman 1991:147 [ref. 24828], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:22 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:38 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838). Alosidae. Distribution: Southwestern Caspian Sea [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lacustris, Alosa finta var. Fatio [V.] 1890:51 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse. Vol. V; ref. 14495] Lake Lugano, Switzerland. Lectotype: MHNG 656.48. Type catalog: Weber 1998:5 [ref. 32707]. Lectotype selected by Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952]. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Whitehead 1985:199 [ref. 5141], Lelek 1987:61 [ref. 22962], Quignard & Douchement 1991:257 [ref. 24829], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:65 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

lariana, Alosa lacustrus forma Barbieri [C.] 1907:140, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Rivista mensile di Pesca (lacustre, fluviale, marina) (Pavia) Anno 9 (no. 4-5, 6); ref. 21775] Lake Como, Italy. Original not seen. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), subspecies lacustris (Fatio 1890) -- (Quignard & Douchement 1991:257 [ref. 24829]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952], Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

laticosta, Clupea Lowe [R. T.] 1843:90 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1843 (pt 11); ref. 2832] Off Madeira. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Svetovidov 1973:102 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:55 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:213 [ref. 14039]). Current status: Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

leucocephala, Clupeonella Berg [L. S.] 1913:27, Pl. 14 (figs. 1, 1a, 2) [Materialy k' Poznaniju russkago rybolovstva, G.U.Z.iZ., Department' Zemledelija v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 14941] Sumgait and Gyurgenchai, Azerbaijan, Caspian Sea. Syntypes: ZIN 13045 (6), 13715 (2) and 32501 (1). Also appeared in Berg 1913:477 [ref. 273]. Based on literature and specimens. •Synonym of Alosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] (Borodin 1904) -- (Whitehead 1985:195 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

lineata, Alosa Storer [D. H.] 1848:242 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18841] Provincetown, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814). Current status: Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

macedonica, Clupea Vinciguerra [D.] 1921:325 [4], Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 3). v. 9 (no. 49); ref. 15333] Lake Besikia [Volvi], Macedonia, Greece. Syntypes: (several) MSNG 11571 (5 or 2, not found), 39497 [? = 11571] (12). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:181 [ref. 10343]. On p. 4 of separate. •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Whitehead 1985:197 [ref. 5141]). •Valid as Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra 1921) -- (Economidis & Sinis 1986:724 [ref. 8969], Economidis & Sinis 1991:297 [ref. 24839], Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952], Dorofeeva 1998:24 [ref. 23573], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:71 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:39 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Alosa macedonica (Vinciguerra 1921). Alosidae. Distribution: Lakes Volvi and Koronia (extirpated), Greece. Habitat: freshwater.

maeotica, Clupea Grimm [O. von] 1901:67 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 18161] Kerch Strait, between Black and Azov seas. Neotype: ZIN 32230 (25.7 mm, 1 of 50). Neotype designated by Svetovidov 1952:255, footnote [ref. 21481]. •Synonym of Caspialosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] of later date -- (Berg 1948:119 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169]). •Valid as Alosa maeotica (Grimm 1901) -- (Whitehead 1985:202 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:309 [ref. 24842], Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952], Vasil'eva 1996:147 [ref. 24890], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:35 [ref. 26753], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:34 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:163 [ref. 28369], Fricke et al. 2007:26 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:72 [ref. 29996], Vasil'eva 2007:49 [ref. 30517], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2015:143 [ref. 35151], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Çiçek et al. 2020:243 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Dyldin et al. 2022:[15] [ref. 39193], Niță et al. 2022:41 [ref. 40471], Çiçek et al. 2023:332 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:41 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa maeotica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae. Distribution: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and adjacent watersheds. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

major, Clupea Duhamel du Monceau [H. L.] 1776:316 [ ref. 35387] Published in a rejected work, see ICZN Opinion 859. •In the synonymy of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Spillmann 1961:25 [ref. 35397]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758). Alosidae.

major, Clupea (Alosa) Pollini [C.] 1816:21 [Viaggio al Lago di Garda e al Monte Baldo; ref. 18566] Name only, not available. •In the synonymy of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae.

mattowaca, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:451, Pl. 5 (fig. 8) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] Long Island, New York, U.S.A. No types known. Species epithet misspelled matowaka by Cuvier 1831:236 [ref. 30376]. •Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814) -- (Smith 1986:67 [ref. 22186] as mattowacca, Whitehead 1985:203 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mediocris, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:20 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814) -- (Lee et al. 1980:64 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:66 [ref. 22186], Whitehead 1985:203 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:68 [ref. 23100], Page & Burr 1991:34 [ref. 18983], Desfosse et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:223 [ref. 21581], Murdy et al. 1997:75 [ref. 23144], Munroe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:116 [ref. 26158], Scharpf 2003:13 [ref. 26883], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:827 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:9 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:149 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:71 [ref. 35886], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814). Alosidae. Distribution: Northwestern Atlantic: Canada south to Florida (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

megalops, Clupea Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:206 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 13337] Delaware River, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811) -- (Whitehead 1985:205 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

melanosticta, Clupea Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1846:237, Pl. 107 (fig. 3) [Fauna Japonica Parts 10-14; ref. 4374] Coast of Japan. Lectotype: RMNH 3258a. Paralectotypes: RMNH 3258b-d (3). Bleeker specimens: NMV 46043 (1). Alausa melanosticta Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:444 [ref. 1012] is a new combination for this species. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:174 [ref. 12876]. See Grove & Lavenberg 1997:190 [ref. 24023]. •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842) -- (Parrish et al. 1989:2021 [ref. 19496], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:135 [ref. 25968]). •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies -- (Cheng & Zhou 1997:69 [ref. 26385]). •Valid as Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Uyeno & Sato in Masuda et al. 1984:19 [ref. 6441], Whitehead 1985:58 [ref. 5141], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Youn & Kim 1998:52 [ref. 25737], Nakabo 2000:244 [ref. 25086], Munroe & Nizinski in Randall & Lim 2000:587 [ref. 25122], Shimizu 2001:20 [ref. 25799], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17 [ref. 25650], Zhang 2001:89 [ref. 26586], Nakabo 2002:244 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:151, 499 [ref. 26218], Motomura et al. 2010:74 [ref. 31256], Parin et al. 2014:61 [ref. 33547], Sonoyama et al. 2020:20 [ref. 37637]). •Valid as Sardinops melanosticta (Temminck & Schlegel 1846) -- (Kim et al. 2020:61 [ref. 39118], Dyldin et al. 2021:17 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:61 [ref. 38158], Dyldin et al. 2022:[18] [ref. 39193], Longo et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41649]). Current status: Valid as Sardinops melanosticta (Temminck & Schlegel 1846). Alosidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific. Invasive in California (U.S.A.) and Baja California (Mexico). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: marine.

menhaden, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:21 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] Coast of New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Mitchill 1815:453, Pl. 5 (fig. 7) [ref. 13292]. •Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802) -- (Whitehead 1985:215 [ref. 5141], Smith 1986:395 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802). Alosidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

minor, Arengus Cornide [J.] 1788:91 [Ensayo de una historia de los peces y otras producciones marinas de la costa de Galicia; ref. 5057] Not available, on Official Index (Opinion 799); from Galicia coast of Spain. •In the synonymy of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Svetovidov 1973:102 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:55 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:213 [ref. 14039]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792). Alosidae.

minor, Clupea (Alosa) Pollini [C.] 1816:21 [Viaggio al Lago di Garda e al Monte Baldo; ref. 18566] Name only, not available. •In the synonymy of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae.

moriaac, Alosa kessleri pontica natio Pavlov [P. I.] 1959:38 [Institut Hidrobiologii Akademija Nauk RSR; ref. 22963] Not an independent description but a spelling error for (Alosa pontica) moriac Antipa 1909; from Danube and Dnieper rivers, Ukraine and Romania; also infrasubspecific. •In the synonymy of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:39 [ref. 22952]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

moriac, Alosa pontica var. Antipa [G.] 1909 [Publicatiuniule fondului Vasilie Adamachi, Academia Româna [Fauna ichtiologica a romaniei, de dr. Gr. Antipa]. v. 3 (no. 16); ref. 15922] Original not seen. •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141]). •Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

musica, Alosa Girard [C. F.] 1855:199 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1819] Caldera Bay, Valpariso, Chile. Holotype (unique): USNM 75831. •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842) -- (Whitehead 1985:61 [ref. 5141], Parrish et al. 1989:2021 [ref. 19496]). •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies musica (Girard 1855) -- (Pequeño 1989:27 [ref. 14125], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:189 [ref. 24023]). Current status: Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

neglecta, Clupea Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:206 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 13337] Long Island, New York, U.S.A. No types known. First published as name only in Rafinesque 1817:453 [ref. 18585]. •Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802) -- (Smith 1986:395 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802). Alosidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

neopilchardus, Clupea Steindachner [F.] 1879:29 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] Hobson's Bay, 37°51'S, 144°56'E, Victoria, Australia. Holotype (unique): SMNS 2250 (not found in 1995, probably lost). Type catalog: Fricke 1995:10 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:28 [ref. 29864]. Species later described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:12 [ref. 4228]. Type information: Whitehead 1970:16 [ref. 11605]. •Valid as Sardinops neopilchardus (Steindachner 1879) -- (Whitehead 1985:59 [ref. 5141], Paxton et al. 1989:157 [ref. 12442], Paulin et al. 1989:78 [ref. 24556], Kuiter 1993:34 [ref. 23929], Gomon et al. 1994:223 [ref. 22532], Kuiter 1997:32 [ref. 25488], Hutchins 2001:18 [ref. 25847]). •See Grove & Lavenberg 1997:190 [ref. 24023]. •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies -- (Johnson 1999:722 [ref. 25471]). •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842) -- (Paxton et al. 2006:334 [ref. 28995], Gomon 2008:191 [ref. 30616]). Current status: Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842). Alosidae. Distribution: Australia and New Zealand [if valid]. Habitat: marine.

nigra, Caspialosa caspia Kisselevitz [K.] 1923:115, Pl. 4 [Proceedings of the Astrakhan Research Fisheries Expedition, Astrakhan 1914-1915, Moscow v. 2; ref. 15452] Caspian Sea opposite Dzambai. Syntypes: (10) MLSU (1), ZIN 15938 (2). •Synonym of Caspialosa saposchnikovi (Grimm 1887) -- (Berg 1948:121 [ref. 12882] as saposchnikowii, Çiçek et al. 2024:41 [ref. 40789]). •Synonym of Alosa brashnikovi (Borodin 1904) -- (Whitehead 1985:195 [ref. 5141] as braschnikowi). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrescens, Alosa pontica var. Antipa [G.] 1904:300 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Northwest coast of Black Sea and lower Danube [Donau] River, Romania. Syntypes: ?NMW 92939 (3). Appeared in more detail in Antipa 1906:21, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-3) [ref. 6859]. •Synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887), subspecies pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Berg 1948:124 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842]). •Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

nilotica, Clupea Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.] 1809:[289], Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4182] Nile River, Egypt. No types known. Type catalog: Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:39 [ref. 9739]. The page number is from a different edition. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1948:145 [ref. 12882], Svetovidov 1973:107 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:199 [ref. 5141], Lelek 1987:61 [ref. 22962], Bianco 1988:148 [ref. 22383], Quignard & Douchement 1991:265 [ref. 24829], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:183 [ref. 23079], Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Dorofeeva 1998:26 [ref. 23573], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:34 [ref. 26753], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548], Vasil'eva 2007:48 [ref. 30517]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726], Fricke et al. 2007:25 [ref. 29533]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nirchi, Caspialosa Morozov [A. V.] 1928:72 [Trudy Naucnogo Instituta Rybnogo Chozjajstva v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 19612] Krasnovodsk Bay, Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan. Syntypes: (many) whereabouts unknown. See also Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573]. •Synonym of Caspialosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] (Borodin 1904) -- (Berg 1948:119 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904), but a valid subspecies nirchi (Morozov 1928) -- (Whitehead 1985:196 [ref. 5141] as brashnikovi, Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702] as braschnikowii). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:21 [ref. 37983] as braschnikowii). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nordmanni, Alosa Antipa [G.] 1904:301 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Danua [Dunay] River near Vilkovo, Ukraine. Neotype: ZIN 15497 (1 of 5, 154 mm). Syntypes: ?NMW 88576 (6) Black Sea and Lower Danube. Appeared in more detail in Antipa 1906:28, Pl. 2 (figs. 6-10) [ref. 6859]. Neotype designated by Svetovidov 1952 [ref. 21481]. •Synonym of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1948:135 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Svetovidov 1973:106 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:271 [ref. 13675], Whitehead 1985:197 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:155 [ref. 24832], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:163 [ref. 28369]). •Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901) -- (Kottelat 1997:40 [ref. 22952], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:35 [ref. 26753], Parin et al. 2014:53 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2023:331 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ocellata, Clupea Pappe [C. W. L.] 1853:29 [Synopsis of the edible fishes at the Cape of Good Hope; ref. 18517] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, southeastern Atlantic. No types known. Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:77 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842) -- (Parrish et al. 1989:2021 [ref. 19496]). •See Grove & Lavenberg 1997:190 [ref. 24023]. •Valid as Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe 1853) -- (Whitehead 1985:60 [ref. 5141], Whitehead & Wongratana 1986:204 [ref. 6284], Whitehead 1990:223 [ref. 14039], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:138 [ref. 25472], Fricke 1999:76 [ref. 24106], Munroe 2016:1738 [ref. 34560], Fricke et al. 2018:56 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe 1853). Alosidae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic, southwestern Indian Ocean: Angola to South Africa, in the Indian Ocean north to Delagoa Bay; Madagascar, Mauritius (Mascarenes). Habitat: marine.

ohiensis, Alosa Evermann [B. W.] 1902:277, Figs. 1-2 [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 27 (for 1901) Appendix 9; ref. 11567] Falls of the Ohio River, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 50469. Paratypes: AMNH 2163 (1); FMNH 3865 (1), 4489 (1, missing); CAS [ex IU 9550] (1, missing); MCZ 28810 (1); CAS-SU 12672-73 (1, 1); USNM 21346 (1), 50470 (1); USFC (2); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:11 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:7 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann 1896 -- (Lee et al. 1980:62 [ref. 22416], Whitehead 1985:193 [ref. 5141], Etnier & Starnes 1993:123 [ref. 22809]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann 1896. Alosidae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

orientalis, Caspialosa brashnikovi Mikhailovsky [A. A.] 1941:560 [Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. A (Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS), Leningrad v. 30 (no. 6); ref. 13210] Near Karadashly, E. coast of southern Caspian Sea. Lectotype: ZIN 32187. Paralectotypes: ZIN 32187 (15, with lectotype). Lectotype selected by Svetovidov 1952:269, fig. 42 [ref. 21481]. •Synonym of Caspialosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] (Borodin 1904) -- (Berg 1948:119 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904), but a valid subspecies orientalis (Mikhailovsky 1941) as described -- (Whitehead 1985:196 [ref. 5141] as brashnikovi, Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702] as braschnikowii). •See also Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573]. •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:22 [ref. 37983] as braschnikowii). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

palaeostomi, Caspialosa tanaica Sadowsky [A.] 1934:139 [Trudy Zoologicheskogo Sektora, Akademija Nauk SSSR, Zakavkazskij Fillal v. 1; ref. 18651] Palaeostomi Lake, not far from Rionmündung, west Georgia, Eurasia. Neotype: ZIN 31740 (1 of 50, 146.5 mm). Neotype designated by Svetovidov 1952:231 [ref. 21481]. Name spelled paleostomi by Pavlov 1959:105, 107 [ref. 22963]. •Synonym of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1948:136 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Svetovidov 1973:106 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:271 [ref. 13675], Whitehead 1985:197 [ref. 5141], Mogil'chenko 1991:171 [ref. 24826], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573], Sokolov 1998:25 [ref. 23571], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:164 [ref. 31251]). •Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901) -- (Kottelat 1997:40 [ref. 22952], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:35 [ref. 26753]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

parvula, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:20 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Mitchill 1815:452 [ref. 13292]. •Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814) -- (Smith 1986:67 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811) -- (Whitehead 1985:205 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

parvula, Clupea (Alosa) Pollini [C.] 1816:21 [Viaggio al Lago di Garda e al Monte Baldo; ref. 18566] Name only, not available. •In the synonymy of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Kottelat 1997:36 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae.

patronus, Brevoortia Goode [G. B.] 1878:39 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 1 (no. 15); ref. 18142] Brazos Santiago, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes or possible syntypes: MCZ 17827 [ex USNM 891] (2); USNM 891 (?2 of 10), 892 (2), 5864 (2), 129846 [ex 891] (2), 133642 [ex 893] (4), 133643 [ex USNM 893] (2). •Valid as Brevoortia patronus Goode 1878 -- (Whitehead 1985:212 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:69 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:40 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:119 [ref. 25836], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:334 [ref. 23897], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:107 [ref. 24550], Ross et al. 2001:106 [ref. 25978], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:814 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:138 [ref. 27995], Miller 2006:91 [ref. 28615], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:344 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:435 [ref. 35886], Pozzobon et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38249], Bagley et al. 2023:312 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:147 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Brevoortia patronus Goode 1878. Alosidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (U.S.A., Mexico) endemic. IUCN (2011): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pectinata, Alosa Jenyns [L.] 1842:135, Pl. 25 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Bahia Blanca, northern Patagonia. Syntypes: BMNH 1843.2.8.47 (1, dry), BMNH 1917.7.25.1 (1, dry). •Synonym of Brevoortia aurea (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:58 [ref. 25942], Mirande & Koerber 2015:9 [ref. 35117], Carvalho-Filho 2023:61 [ref. 40480]). •Valid as Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns 1842) -- (Whitehead 1985:213 [ref. 5141], Inada in Nakamura et al. 1986:72 [ref. 14235], Gómez & Chebez 1996:46 [ref. 23791], López et al. 2003:8 [ref. 27366], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27192], Petry et al. 2016:300 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:26 [ref. 35565], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Pozzobon et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38249]). Current status: Valid as Brevoortia pectinata (Jenyns 1842). Alosidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) south to Rio de La Plata (Uruguay; Argentina). Habitat: marine.

persica, Caspialosa caspia var. Iljin [B. S.] 1927:72 [Festschrift für Prof. N. M. Knipowitsch, 1885-1925.; ref. 15858] Astrabad Bay, southeastern Caspian Sea, Iran. Lectotype: ZIN 16413 (147.5 mm). Paralectotypes: ZIN 16413 (3, with lectotype). Lectotype selected by Svetovidov 1952:241 [ref. 21481]. •Synonym of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1948:142 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on placement of caspia Eichwald by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Whitehead 1985:197 [ref. 5141], Heckman 1991:177 [ref. 24828], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:23 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:38 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838). Alosidae. Distribution: Southeastern Caspian Sea [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pilchardus, Clupea Bloch [M. E.] 1795:40, Pl. 406 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 9; ref. 464] Atlantic. Syntypes: ZMB 6550 (1, right skin, missing). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:65 [ref. 24282]. Apparently described independently of Walbaum 1792, but similarly based on Artedi in part. On p. 32 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 12 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Paepke 1999:65 [ref. 24282]). Current status: Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pilchardus, Clupea harengus var. Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:38 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Cornwall, England, northeastern Atlantic. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:20 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. On Official list of Specific Names in Zoology. •Valid as Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Svetovidov 1973:102 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:276 [ref. 13675], Whitehead 1985:55 [ref. 5141], Parrish et al. 1989:2020 [ref. 19496], Whitehead 1990:213 [ref. 14039], Santos et al. 1997:25 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:29 [ref. 24952], Fricke 1999:19 [ref. 24101], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:37 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:144 [ref. 39343], Golani 2005:19 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:27 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:49 [ref. 30517], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:20 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:60 [ref. 33547], Munroe 2016:1734 [ref. 34560], Martins & Carneiro 2018:24 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:72 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:44 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:51 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:18 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:21 [ref. 39014], Dyldin et al. 2022:[17] [ref. 39193], Çiçek et al. 2023:332 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:43 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792). Alosidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pontica, Clupea Eichwald [C. E. von] 1838:135 [Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou v. 11; ref. 18063] Near Odessa, Ukraine, Black Sea. No types known. Also appeared as new in Eichward 1838:100 [ref. 34622]. •Synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1948:124 [ref. 12882]). •Valid as Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169], Whitehead in Whitehead et al. 1984:272 [ref. 13675], Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141], Hoestlandt 1991:323 [ref. 24825], Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Vasil'eva 1996:147 [ref. 24890], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:27 [ref. 23573], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:35 [ref. 26753], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:163 [ref. 28369]). •Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:34 [ref. 28183], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2024:40 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

praestabilis, Alosa DeKay [J. E.] 1842:255, Pl. 15 (fig. 41) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Eastern U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Alosa sapidissima (Wilson 1811) -- (Smith 1986:71 [ref. 22186], Whitehead 1985:206 [ref. 5141], Dorofeeva 1998:27 [ref. 23573]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa sapidissima (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pseudoharengus, Clupea Wilson [A.] 1811:"CLU" [The Cyclopedic; or, universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and letters.; ref. 17839] Probably Delaware River at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811) -- (Lee et al. 1980:65 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:65 [ref. 22186], Whitehead 1985:205 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:67 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:105 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:51 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:37 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:33 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:124 [ref. 22809], Desfosse et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:220 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:48 [ref. 23376], Murdy et al. 1997:76 [ref. 23144], Scott & Crossman 1998:120 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:43 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:47 [ref. 26594], Munroe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:118 [ref. 26158], Scharpf 2003:13 [ref. 26883], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:827 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:9 [ref. 28940], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548], Minckley & Marsh 2009:77 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:148 [ref. 31215], Schmidt & Morse 2011:229 [ref. 31775], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Simian et al. 2022:374 [ref. 40776], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Distribution: Eastern North America: Labrador to South Carolina (U.S.A.) and the Great Lakes; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pusilla, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:20 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Mitchill 1815:452 [ref. 13292]. •Questionably a synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814) -- (Whitehead 1985:203 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Uncertain as Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

rhodanensis, Alosa finta Roule [L.] 1924:263 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 49 (no. 3/5); ref. 21151] Rhone River, France. No types at MNHN. Type catalog: Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:36 [ref. 9739]. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Whitehead 1985:199 [ref. 5141], Quignard & Douchement 1991:274 [ref. 24829], Le Corre et al. 2000:119 [ref. 25367], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548]). •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169], Whitehead & Bauchot 1985:36 [ref. 9739], Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rufa, Clupea Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:424, 452 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Seine River, between Pointe du Hode to Aisiers, France. No types known. Type catalog: Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:41 [ref. 9739]. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Svetovidov 1973:107 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:198 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:209 [ref. 14039], Quignard & Douchement 1991:211, 225 [ref. 24829], Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rusa, Alosa Mauduyt [F.] 1849:49 [Bulletin Société Académique d'Agriculture, Belles-Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Poitiers 1848, v. 3, fasc. 9-12; ref. 17615] Vienne river at Châtellerault, France. No types known. •Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

russac, Alosa pontica var. Antipa [G.] 1904:301 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 41 (no. 19); ref. 129] Danube [Donau] River estuary, Romania. Syntypes: ?NMW 4247 (1). Appeared in more detail in Antipa 1906:22, Pl. 2 (figs. 1-5) [ref. 6859]. •Synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887), subspecies pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Berg 1948:124 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838) -- (Svetovidov 1973:108 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:204 [ref. 5141], Kolarov 1991:337 [ref. 24842]). •Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835 -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952], Parin et al. 2014:55 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa immaculata Bennett 1835. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sagax, Clupea Jenyns [L.] 1842:134 [The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Beagle; ref. 2344] Lima, San Lorenzo Island, Peru. Holotype: BMNH 1917.7.25.2 (skin). •Synonym of Sardinops ocellatus (Pappe 1853) -- (Munroe 2016:1738 [ref. 34560] with Peru as type locality). •Valid as Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:72 [ref. 9277], Whitehead 1985:61 [ref. 5141], Matarese et al. 1989:46 [ref. 26885], Parrish et al. 1989:2029 [ref. 19496], McAllister 1990:53 [ref. 14674], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:188 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:188 [ref. 24555], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:135 [ref. 25968], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:108 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:27 [ref. 37547], Paxton et al. 2006:333 [ref. 28995], Gomon 2008:191 [ref. 30616], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:189 [ref. 30957] as subspecies sagax, Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:238 [ref. 36362], Stewart & Struthers 2015:302 [ref. 34231], Fourriére et al. 2016:453 [ref. 34668], Pietsch & Orr 2015:19 [ref. 34694], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:606 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:94 [ref. 35888], Burton & Lea 2019:37 [ref. 37205], Hoschke et al. 2019:153 [ref. 36626], Love et al. 2021:44 [ref. 39279], Anderson 2022:151 [ref. 39690], Grove et al. 2022:16 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40981], Fricke et al. 2024:148 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Sardinops sagax (Jenyns 1842). Alosidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southeastern Alaska (U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of Baja California (Mexico), including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

salina, Caspialosa caspia Svetovidov [A. N.] 1936:51 [Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 13750] Mertvyi Kultuk and Kaydak bays, northeastern Caspian Sea. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1948:142 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on placement of caspia Eichwald by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838) -- (Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573]). •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:23 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sapidissima, Clupea Wilson [A.] 1811:"Clupea" [The Cyclopedic; or, universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and letters.; ref. 17839] Probably Delaware River at Philadelphia, Pennslyvania, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Alosa sapidissima (Wilson 1811) -- (Lee et al. 1980:67 [ref. 22416], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:71 [ref. 9277], Smith 1986:69 [ref. 22186], Whitehead 1985:206 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:68 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:109 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:51 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:34 [ref. 18983], Desfosse et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:225 [ref. 21581], Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659], Murdy et al. 1997:74 [ref. 23144], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:27 [ref. 23573], Scott & Crossman 1998:128 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:44 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26594], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:17 [ref. 25650], Chereshnev et al. 2001:35 [ref. 26736], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:136 [ref. 25968], Munroe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:125 [ref. 26158], Moyle 2002:117 [ref. 26449], Scharpf 2003:13 [ref. 26883], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:813 [ref. 26997], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:45 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:34 [ref. 28183], Love et al. 2005:26 [ref. 37547], Scharpf 2005:9 [ref. 28940], Faria et al. 2006:301 [ref. 39548], McPhail 2007:46 [ref. 31199], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:117 [ref. 31212], Page & Burr 2011:150 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:56 [ref. 33547], Pietsch & Orr 2015:19 [ref. 34694], Kells et al. 2016:92 [ref. 35888], Robins et al. 2018:72 [ref. 35886], Burton & Lea 2019:37 [ref. 37205], Dyldin et al. 2020:80, 96 [ref. 37569], Love et al. 2021:43 [ref. 39279], Dyldin et al. 2022:[15] [ref. 39193], Simian et al. 2022:374 [ref. 40776], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:147 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Alosa sapidissima (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Distribution: Northwestern Atlantic: Labrador and Newfoundland (Canada) south to Florida (U.S.A.). Introduced into Pacific, there ranging now from Kamchatka (Russia) south to Baja California Sur (Mexico); also introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

saposchnikowii, Alosa Grimm [O. von] 1885:2 [Astrakhanskii Spravochnyi Listok. v. 99 (5 May); ref. 32249] Delta of the Volga River [45.85°N, 47.57°E], Russia. Lectotype (?): ZIN 15921 (1 of 6, 200 mm). Paralectotypes: ZIN 15868 (?6, now 5), ?USNM [ex ZIN 15868] (1). Non-types from ref. 20032: ZIN 15867 (1) 15880 (9, now 5), 15881 (1, lost), 15882 (1), 15921 (5, with lectotype), 15923 (1, lost). Appeareed first as above in a newspaper -- see Bogutskaya & Kerzhner 2007:139 [ref. 32248].; then as Grimm 1887:16 [ref. 20032]. The original spelling was saposchnikowii. Lectotype designation discussed by Bogutskaya & Kerzhner 2007:139 [ref. 32248] and attributed with question to Svetovidov 1952:223. •Valid as Caspialosa saposchnikovi (Grimm 1885) -- (Berg 1932:76 [ref. 278], Berg 1948:121 [ref. 12882]). •Valid as Alosa saposchnikowii Grimm 1885 -- (Whitehead 1985:208 [ref. 5141], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:28 [ref. 23573], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:34 [ref. 28183], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391] dated 1887, Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062] dated 1887, Esmaeili et al. 2017:28 [ref. 35254] dated 1887, Esmaeili et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:24 [ref. 37983], Dyldin et al. 2022:[15] [ref. 39193], Çiçek et al. 2024:41 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa saposchnikowii Grimm 1885. Alosidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

saraica, Caspialosa caspia knipowitschi natio Berg [L. S.] 1948:144 [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries No. 27; ref. 12882] Appeared as Caspialosa caspia knipowitschi natio saraica nom. nov.; from Sara I. Not available, infrasubspecific. •In the synonymy of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838) -- (Berg 1948:144 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on placement of caspia Eichwald by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. •In the synonymy of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), subspecies knipowitschi (Iljin 1927) -- (Heckman 1991:147 [ref. 24828]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838). Alosidae.

sardina, Clupanodon Risso [A.] 1827:451 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Svetovidov 1973:102 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:55 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:213 [ref. 14039], Parin et al. 2014:60 [ref. 33547], Bañón & Maño 2021:51 [ref. 38883]). Current status: Synonym of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum 1792). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

sardinella, Clupea Vallot [J.-N.] 1837:277 [Ichthyologie française, ou histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce de la France.; ref. 17873] France and Italy. No types known. Original not seen, taken from Kottelat. Kottelat 1997:90 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the type locality to Lakes of Savoie, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803) -- (Kottelat 1997:38 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786) -- (Bianco 2002:62 [ref. 26726]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa agone (Scopoli 1786). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

sarensis, Caspialosa brashnikovi Mikhailovsky [A. A.] 1941:564 [Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Ser. A (Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS), Leningrad v. 30 (no. 6); ref. 13210] Sara Island, Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan. Lectotype: ZIN 32184. Paralectotypes: ZIN 31284 (19, with lectotype), 32185 (26), 37475 (10), 38074-75 (25, 24). Lectotype selected by Svetovidov 1951:266 [ref. 21481]. Author also seen as Mikhailovskaya. •Synonym of Caspialosa brashnikovi [braschnikowi] (Borodin 1904) -- (Berg 1948:119 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904), but a valid subspecies satensis (Mikhailovsky 1941) as described -- (Whitehead 1985:196 [ref. 5141] as brashnikovi, Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:726 [ref. 24702] as braschnikowii). •See also Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573]. •Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:22 [ref. 37983] as braschnikowii). Current status: Synonym of Alosa braschnikowi (Borodin 1904). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater.

smithi, Brevoortia Hildebrand [S. F.] 1941:224 [Copeia 1941 (no. 4); ref. 13239] Vicinity of Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 118723. Paratypes: MCZ 37230 [ex USNM 84368] (1), USNM 84368 (orig. 2, now 1). •Valid as Brevoortia smithi Hildebrand 1941 -- (Whitehead 1985:214 [ref. 5141], Robins & Ray 1986:69 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:40 [ref. 23239], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:335 [ref. 23897], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:815 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:74 [ref. 35886], Pozzobon et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38249], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Brevoortia smithi Hildebrand 1941. Alosidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine.

sphaerocephala, Clupeonella Berg [L. S.] 1913:20, Pl. 12 (figs. 1, 1a) [Materialy k' Poznaniju russkago rybolovstva, G.U.Z.iZ., Department' Zemledelija v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 14941] Off Tyuleniy Island, north of Agrakhan Bay, Russia, Caspian Sea. Lectotype: ZIN 15928 (190 mm). Paralectotypes: (30+) ZIN 15928 (3, with lectotype), 32157 (11), 32159 (13). Also appeared in Berg 1913:475 [ref. 273]. Lectotype established by Svetovidov 1952:227. •Valid as Caspialosa sphaerocephala (Berg 1913) -- (Berg 1948:122 [ref. 12882]). •Valid as Alosa sphaerocephala (Berg 1913) -- (Whitehead 1985:209 [ref. 5141], Coad 1995:8 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:28 [ref. 23573], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:34 [ref. 28183], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:29 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:25 [ref. 37983], Dyldin et al. 2022:[15] [ref. 39193], Çiçek et al. 2024:42 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa sphaerocephala (Berg 1913). Alosidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: brackish.

squamopinnata, Alosa Couch [J.] 1865:123, Pl. 206 (fig. 1) [The history of the fishes of the British islands v. 4; ref. 18055] Bristol, England. Holotype (unique): BMNH 2004.12.8.6 (skin, in 3 pieces). •Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803). Current status: Synonym of Alosa fallax (Lacepède 1803). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

suoerii, Meletta Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:375 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 20; ref. 1012] Wabash River, U.S.A. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3695. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-3081 [ex MNHN 0000-3695] (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:279 [ref. 293], Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:19 [ref. 9739]. Lectotype selected by Whitehead 1967:84 [ref. 6464]. •In the synonymy of the younger name Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann 1896 -- (Whitehead 1985:193 [ref. 5141] as a forgotten name). Current status: Synonym of Alosa alabamae Jordan & Evermann 1896. Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

suworowi, Clupeonella Berg [L. S.] 1913:28, Pl. 12 (fig. 2) [Materialy k' Poznaniju russkago rybolovstva, G.U.Z.iZ., Department' Zemledelija v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 14941] Volga River delta, Russia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 15927. Also appeared in Berg 1913:477 [ref. 273]. Also spelled suvorovi in literature. •Valid as Clupeonella suworowi Berg 1913 -- (Berg 1948:123 [ref. 12882]). •See also Dorofeeva 1998:28 [ref. 23573]; now in Alosa. •See Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702]. •Questionable in genus Alosa, possibly a hybrid -- (Dyldin et al. 2020:86 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2022:[15] [ref. 39193]). Hybrid. Alosidae. Distribution: Caspian Sea region [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

tanaica, Clupea Grimm [O. von] 1901:67 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 18161] Don River near Rostov-na-Donu, Russia. Lectotype: ZIN 16115 (1 of 2, 147 mm) [not 16125]. Paralectotypes: ZIN 16115 (1 of 2), 16126 (6). Lectotype selected by Svetovidov 1952:235 [ref. 21481]. Name spelled tanais by Pavlov 1959:106, 107 [ref. 22963] with author as Eichwald. •Synonym of Caspialosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1948:135 [ref. 12882]). •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Svetovidov 1973:107 [ref. 7169], Whitehead 1985:197 [ref. 5141], Mogil'chenko 1991:181 [ref. 24826], Vasil'eva 1996:147 [ref. 24890], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:25 [ref. 23573], Parin et al. 2014:53 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901) -- (Kottelat 1997:40 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:35 [ref. 26753], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:35 [ref. 28183], Fricke et al. 2007:26 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:73 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:164 [ref. 31251], Çiçek et al. 2015:143 [ref. 35151], Artüz & Fricke 2019:553 [ref. 36612], Çiçek et al. 2020:243 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:80 [ref. 37569], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Dyldin et al. 2022:[15] [ref. 39193], Niță et al. 2022:40 [ref. 40471], Çiçek et al. 2023:332 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alosa tanaica (Grimm 1901). Alosidae. Distribution: Black Sea, Sea of Azov, Sea of Marmara and adjacent watersheds. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tyrannus, Clupea Latrobe [B. H.] 1802:77 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society v. 5 (art. 10); ref. 17488] Chesapeake Bay, northeastern U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802) -- (Herrera 1896:28 [ref. 39336], Whitehead 1985:215 [ref. 5141], Smith 1986:395 [ref. 22186], Robins & Ray 1986:69 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:112 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:51 [ref. 14674], Murdy et al. 1997:72 [ref. 23144], Munroe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:133 [ref. 26158], Munroe & Nizinski 2003:816 [ref. 26997], Nelson et al. 2004:67 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:67 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:75 [ref. 35886], Pozzobon et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38249], Page et al. 2023:60 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:147 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802). Alosidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Brunswick (Canada) south to east coast of Florida (U.S.A.). IUCN (2015): Least Concern Habitat: brackish, marine.

venosa, Meletta Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:374 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 20; ref. 1012] New York, U.S.A. Lectotype: MNHN A-7641. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-3077 [ex MNHN A-7641] (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:279 [ref. 293], Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:19 [not p. 44] [ref. 9739] but spelled venenosa (which is a separate species). Lectotype selected by Whitehead 1967:84 [ref. 6464]. •Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811) -- (Smith 1986:69 [ref. 22186], Whitehead 1985:205 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

vernalis, Clupea Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:454, Pl. 5 (fig. 9) [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811) -- (Smith 1986:69 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

vigintiradiata, Clupea Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:389 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Originally as Clupea 20-radiata; corresponds to Cuplea [sic] laccia on p. 377. •Appeared as Clupea laccia vel 20-radiata in Devincenzi 1925:316, 321 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802). Current status: Synonym of Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe 1802). Alosidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

virescens, Clupea DeKay [J. E.] 1842:252, Pl. 13 (fig. 37) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Bay of New York, New York, U.S.A. No types known. Appeared as name only in DeKay 1840:12 [ref. 17392]. •Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811) -- (Whitehead 1985:205 [ref. 5141]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa pseudoharengus (Wilson 1811). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

viridescens, Clupea DeKay [J. E.] 1842:252 [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814) -- (Smith 1986:67 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa mediocris (Mitchill 1814). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

vistonica, Alosa caspia Economidis [P. S.] & Sinis [A. I.] 1986:729, Fig. 3 [Journal of Natural History v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 8969] Lake Vistonis, Greece. Holotype: MZUTH D-351. Paratypes: BMNH 1987.3.30.1-3 (3); MZUTH C346 (7), D20 (1), E15 (8), VA-75/76 (26), Z30 (3). •Synonym of Alosa caspia (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Economidis & Sinis 1991:199 [ref. 24839], Economidis 1995:203 [ref. 23025]). •Valid as Alosa vistonica Economidis & Sinis 1986 -- (Kottelat 1997:41 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:73 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:40 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Alosa vistonica Economidis & Sinis 1986. Alosidae. Distribution: Lake Vistonis, Greece (possibly extinct). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

volgensis, Clupeonella caspia Berg [L. S.] (ex Meissner) 1913:34, Pl. 5 [Materialy k' Poznaniju russkago rybolovstva, G.U.Z.iZ., Department' Zemledelija v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 14941] Podovskaya tonya near Cherny Yar, mouth of Volga River, Russia. Lectotype: ZIN 15926. Paralectotypes: ZIN 17377 (2), 17410 (1), 17373-74 (2, 1), 17376 (1). Lectotype selected by Svetovidov 1952:292 [ref. 21481]. •Synonym of Caspialosa kessleri (Grimm 1887) -- (Berg 1948:130 [ref. 12882]). •In genus Alosa based on placement of kessleri by Svetovidov 1973 [ref. 7169]. •Synonym of Alosa pontica (Eichwald 1838), but a valid subspecies -- (Heckman 1991:369 [ref. 24828]). •Synonym of Alosa kessleri (Grimm 1887), but a valid subspecies -- (Whitehead 1985:201 [ref. 5141], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:727 [ref. 24702], Dorofeeva 1998:26 [ref. 23573]). •Valid as Alosa volgensis (Berg 1913) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:35 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:74 [ref. 29996], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:859 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:29 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:80, 103 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2022:[15] [ref. 39193], Çiçek et al. 2024:42 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Alosa volgensis (Berg 1913). Alosidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

vulgaris, Alausa Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1847:391, Pl. 604 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 20; ref. 1012] Paris market, presumeably Seine River, France. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3676. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-3133 (1), 0000-3398 (1), 0000-5434 (1); referred to different species by Whitehead & Bauchot: MNHN 0000-3134 (2), 0000-3163 (1), 0000-3395 (7), 0000-3396 (1), 0000-3397 (3), 0000-3677 and 0000-3680 (1, 1, 1, 1), 0000-3682 (3), 0000-3683 (2), 0000-3750 (1), 0000-3752 (1), 0000-6263 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1940:279-280 [ref. 293], Whitehead & Bauchot 1986:9-10 [ref. 9739]. Lectotype selected by Whitehead 1967:78 [ref. 6464]. •Valid as Alausa vulgaris (Valenciennes 1847) -- (Herrera 1896:27 [ref. 39336] with author as Cuvier). •Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:105 [ref. 7169], Poll et al. 1984:41 [ref. 6172], Whitehead 1985:194 [ref. 5141], Whitehead 1990:208 [ref. 14039], Quignard & Douchement 1991:89 [ref. 24829], Kottelat 1997:37 [ref. 22952], Dorofeeva 1998:24 [ref. 23573]). Current status: Synonym of Alosa alosa (Linnaeus 1758). Alosidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.