Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Genera in the family or subfamily Carapidae: [ 25 ] records

Carapus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:37, 57 Masc. Gymnotus acus Brünnich 1768. Type established in ICZN Opinion 42, with authorship of type credited to Linnaeus but without date. •Valid as Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315], Wheeler 1973:557 [ref. 7190], Trott 1981:625 [ref. 14205], Williams 1984:388 [ref. 5314], Machida in Masuda et al. 1984:99 [ref. 6441], Olney & Markle 1986:351 [ref. 5701], Trott & Olney in Whitehead et al. 1986:1173 [ref. 13677], Shen & Yeh 1987:47 [ref. 6418], Paxton et al. 1989:319 [ref. 12442], Markle & Olney 1990:373 [ref. 18996], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:351 [ref. 21953], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:10, 11 [ref. 24448], Nielsen 1999:1978 [ref. 24753], Parmentier et al. 2000:293 [ref. 26179], Olney 2003:964 [ref. 27007], Parmentier et al. 2006:122 [ref. 28668], Hoese et al. 2006:552 [ref. 29051], Glynn et al. 2008:593 [ref. 29778], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:31 [ref. 36649], Fricke et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:40 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Valid as Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Cynophidium Regan [C. T.] 1914:16 Neut. Cynophidium punctatum Regan 1914. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Pyramodon Smith & Radcliffe 1913 -- (Cohen & Nielsen 1978:6 [ref. 881], Williams 1983:848 [ref. 5367], Markle & Olney 1990:331 [ref. 18996], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:10 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Pyramodon Smith & Radcliffe 1913. Carapidae: Pyramodontinae.

Diaphasia Lowe [R. T.] 1843:92 Fem. Gymnotus acus Brünnich 1768. Type by monotypy. Lowe gives synonymy as: Diaphus acus no author, Ophidium fierasfer of Risso and "Les Fierasfers" (Ophidium imberbe, L.); proposes Diaphasia for "barbarous" vernacular "Fierasfer." •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315], Wheeler 1973:557 [ref. 7190], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Disparichthys Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1935:383 Masc. Disparichthys fluviatilis Herre 1935. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Echiodon Thompson [W.] 1837:55 Masc. Echiodon drummondii Thompson 1837. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Thompson 1839:208 [ref. 35323]. •Valid as Echiodon Thompson 1837 -- (Arnold 1956:288 [ref. 5315], Wheeler 1973:558 [ref. 7190], Williams 1984 [ref. 6813], Williams 1984:391 [ref. 5314], Trott & Olney in Whitehead et al. 1986:1175 [ref. 13677], Shen & Yeh 1987:51 [ref. 6418], Paxton et al. 1989:320 [ref. 12442], Markle & Olney 1990:340 [ref. 18996], Meléndez C. & Markle 1990:208 [ref. 21690], Williams & Machida 1992:367 [ref. 18993], Gomon et al. 1994:374 [ref. 22532], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11, 13 [ref. 24448], Nielsen 1999:1978 [ref. 24753], Olney 2003:964 [ref. 27007], Anderson 2004:1 [ref. 28024], Hoese et al. 2006:552 [ref. 29051], Mincarone et al. 2008:47 [ref. 29626], Gomon 2008:351 [ref. 30616], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:31 [ref. 36649], Parmentier 2012:1 [ref. 32365], Parmentier 2015:704 [ref. 34258]). Current status: Valid as Echiodon Thompson 1837. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Encheliophiops Reid [E. D.] 1940:47 Masc. Encheliophiops hancocki Reid 1940. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:194 [ref. 7348], Williams 1984:389 [ref. 5314], Markle & Olney 1990:387 [ref. 18996], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:163 [ref. 24550], Castellanos-Galindo et al. 2006:205 [ref. 28944], Kottelat 2013:272 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Encheliophis Müller [J.] 1842:205 Masc. Encheliophis vermicularis Müller 1842. Type by monotypy. Possibly appeared in other Müller papers, 1842-43. •Valid as Encheliophis Müller 1842 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:194 [ref. 7348], Trott 1981:625 [ref. 14205], Williams 1984:389 [ref. 5314], Machida in Masuda et al. 1984:99 [ref. 6441], Olney & Markle 1986:353 [ref. 5701], Markle & Olney 1990:387 [ref. 18996], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:351 [ref. 21953], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11, 15 [ref. 24448], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:163 [ref. 24550], Nielsen 1999:1978 [ref. 24753], Parmentier et al. 2000:293 [ref. 26179], Parmentier 2004:62 [ref. 27501], Parmentier et al. 2006:122 [ref. 28668], Castellanos-Galindo et al. 2006:205 [ref. 28944], Hoese et al. 2006:552 [ref. 29051], Kottelat 2013:271 [ref. 32989], Motomura et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:40 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:70 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Encheliophis Müller 1842. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Eurypleuron Markle [D. F.] & Olney [J. E.] 1990:336 Neut. Carapus owasianus Matsubara 1953. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Eurypleuron Markle & Olney 1990 -- (Williams & Machida 1992:372 [ref. 18993], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:353 [ref. 21953], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11, 17 [ref. 24448], Nielsen 1999:1978 [ref. 24753], Parmentier et al. 2000:293 [ref. 26179], Hoese et al. 2006:554 [ref. 29051], Parmentier 2012:1 [ref. 32365], Parmentier 2015:710 [ref. 34258]). Current status: Valid as Eurypleuron Markle & Olney 1990. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Fierasfer Oken [L.] (ex Cuvier) 1817:1182 Masc. Ophidium [sic] imberbe Cuvier 1815. Gender tentatively masculine, as treated by most authors. Type designated by ICZN (Opinion 42), not Ophidion imberbe Linnaeus 1758. Based on "Les Fierasfers" of Cuvier 1816:239 [ref. 993] (see Gill 1903:966 [ref. 5768]). •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315], Wheeler 1973:557 [ref. 7190], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Helminthodes Gill [T. N.] 1864:203 Masc. Oxybeles lumbricoides Bleeker 1854. Type by monotypy. Apparently preoccupied by Helminthodes Marsh 1864 [not researched; Gill 1864 published 6 Dec.], replaced by Pirellinus Whitley 1928. Helminthoides is a misspelling. •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Helminthstoma Cocco [A.] in Günther 1870:145 Cocco generic name mentioned in passing; not available. •In the synonymy of Carapus Rafinseque 1810 -- (Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Helmintosomus Cocco [A.] 1840:239 Neut. Helmintosomus dellechiaje Cocco 1840. Type by monotypy. An available name with description as above. Spelled Helminthostoma in Günther 1870:145 [ref. 1995] in a passing reference to manuscript name placed by Günther in synonymy of Porobranchus. •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 based on placement of Helminthostoma of Günther -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Hypopleuron Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1913:164 Neut. Hypopleuron caninum Smith & Radcliffe 1913. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Hypopleuron Smith & Radcliffe 1913 -- (Cohen & Nielsen 1978:33 [ref. 881], Paxton et al. 1989:312 [ref. 12442], Cohen et al. 1991:126 [ref. 19146], Nielsen & Cohen in Nielsen et al. 1999:49, 70 [ref. 24448], Nielsen 1999:1981 [ref. 24753], Hoese et al. 2006:561 [ref. 29051], Carnevale & Johnson 2015:778 [ref. 34391], Wong & Chen 2024:10 [ref. 41401] in Carapidae). Current status: Valid as Hypopleuron Smith & Radcliffe 1913. Carapidae: Hypopleuroninae.

Jordanicus Gilbert [C. H.] 1905:656 Masc. Fierasfer umbratilis Jordan & Evermann 1903. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842, but a valid subgenus Jordanicus -- (Arnold 1956:299 [ref. 5315]). •Valid as Jordanicus Gilbert 1905 -- (Trott 1981:625 [ref. 14205], Shen & Yeh 1987:47 [ref. 6418]). •Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:194 [ref. 7348], Williams 1984:389 [ref. 5314], Markle & Olney 1990:387 [ref. 18996], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448], Castellanos-Galindo et al. 2006:205 [ref. 28944], Kottelat 2013:272 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Lefroyia Jones [J. M.] 1874:3838 Fem. Lefroyia bermudensis Jones 1874. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Leptofierasfer Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1928:964 Masc. Leptofierasfer macrurus Meek & Hildebrand 1928. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Onuxodon Smith [J. L. B.] 1955:405 Masc. Carapus parvibrachium Fowler 1927. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Onuxodon Smith 1955 -- (Trott 1981:625 [ref. 14205], Williams 1984:392 [ref. 5314], Olney & Markle 1986:353 [ref. 5701], Shen & Yeh 1987:47 [ref. 6418], Paxton et al. 1989:321 [ref. 12442], Markle & Olney 1990:364 [ref. 18996], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:353 [ref. 21953], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448], Nielsen 1999:1978 [ref. 24753], Parmentier et al. 2000:293 [ref. 26179], Hoese et al. 2006:554 [ref. 29051], Motomura 2009:38 [ref. 30446], Parmentier 2012:1 [ref. 32365], Parmentier 2015:711 [ref. 34258], Fricke et al. 2018:83 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:70 [ref. 36673], Koeda 2019:6 [ref. 37145]). Current status: Valid as Onuxodon Smith 1955. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Oxybeles Richardson [J.] 1846:73 Masc. Oxybeles homei Richardson 1846. Type by monotypy. Oxybelus Bleeker 1851:278 [ref. 12505] is an incorrect subsequent spelling. •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315]). •Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842 -- (Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448], Castellanos-Galindo et al. 2006:205 [ref. 28944], Kottelat 2013:271 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Pirellinus Whitley [G. P.] 1928:226 Masc. Oxybeles lumbricoides Bleeker 1854. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Helminthodes Gill 1864 (6 Dec.), preoccupied by Helminthodes Marsh 1864 (Nov.) in fossil worms. •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315]). •Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842 [but this is a replacement for Helminthodes which Markle places as a synonym of Carapus] -- (Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Porobronchus Kaup [J. J.] 1860:272 Masc. Porobronchus linearis Kaup 1860. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Pyramodon Smith [H. M.] & Radcliffe [L.] in Radcliffe 1913:175 Masc. Pyramodon ventralis Smith & Radcliffe 1913. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pyramodon Smith & Radcliffe 1913 -- (Cohen & Nielsen 1978:6 [ref. 881], Williams 1983:848 [ref. 5367], Machida in Masuda et al. 1984:99 [ref. 6441], Olney & Markle 1986:354 [ref. 5701], Paxton et al. 1989:321 [ref. 12442], Markle & Olney 1990:331 [ref. 18996], Machida & Okamura 1993:153 [ref. 22280], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:354 [ref. 21953], Nielsen 1997:53 [ref. 23255], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11,19 [ref. 24448], Nielsen 1999:1978 [ref. 24753], Parmentier et al. 2000:293 [ref. 26179], Hoese et al. 2006:555 [ref. 29051], Nielsen & Møller 2008:22 [ref. 29803], Parmentier 2015:712 [ref. 34258]). Current status: Valid as Pyramodon Smith & Radcliffe 1913. Carapidae: Pyramodontinae.

Rhizoiketicus Vaillant [L. L.] 1893:746 Masc. Rhizoiketicus carolinensis Vaillant 1893. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315]). •Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842 -- (Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448], Castellanos-Galindo et al. 2006:205 [ref. 28944]). Current status: Synonym of Encheliophis Müller 1842. Carapidae: Carapinae.

Snyderidia Gilbert [C. H.] 1905:654 Fem. Snyderidia canina Gilbert 1905. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Snyderidia Gilbert 1905 -- (Gosline 1960 [ref. 21387], Cohen & Nielsen 1978:7 [ref. 881], Williams 1983:850 [ref. 5367], Arai in Uyeno et al. 1983:237 [ref. 14275], Markle & Olney 1990:324 [ref. 18996], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11, 21 [ref. 24448], Nielsen 1999:1978 [ref. 24753], Parmentier et al. 2000:293 [ref. 26179], Olney 2003:964 [ref. 27007], Mincarone et al. 2008:47 [ref. 29626]). Current status: Valid as Snyderidia Gilbert 1905. Carapidae: Pyramodontinae.

Tetragondacnus Anderson [M. E.] & Satria [F.] 2007:76 Masc. Tetragondacnus spilotus Anderson & Satria 2007. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Tetragondacnus Anderson & Satria 2007. Current status: Valid as Tetragondacnus Anderson & Satria 2007. Carapidae: Tetragondacninae.

Vexillifer Gasco [F.] 1870:60 Masc. Vexillifer dephilippii Gasco 1870. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Arnold 1956:260 [ref. 5315], Wheeler 1973:557 [ref. 7190], Markle in Nielsen et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24448]). Current status: Synonym of Carapus Rafinesque 1810. Carapidae: Carapinae.