Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Chaenopsidae: [ 107 ] records

aceroi, Acanthemblemaria Hastings [P. A.], Eytan [R. I.] & Summers [A. P.] 2020:210, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4816 (no. 2); ref. 37662] Mochima National Park, Venezuela, approximately 10°18.62'N, 64°33.7'W. Holotype: SIO 02-106. Paratypes: AMNH, ANSP, SIO. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria aceroi Hastings, Eytan & Summers 2020. Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria aceroi Hastings, Eytan & Summers 2020. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Caribbean coast of South America: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: marine.

alepidotus, Lucioblennius Gilbert [C. H.] 1890:103 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 13 (no. 797); ref. 1623] Gulf of California, Mexico, 25°02'45"N, 110°43'30"W, Albatross station 3005, depth 21 fathoms. Lectotype: CAS-SU 72. Paralectotypes: USNM 48264 (1); not USNM 44373 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:93 [ref. 12291], Springer & Orrell 1996:4 [ref. 22274]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in Jordan 1896:244 [ref. 2395]. •Valid as Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert 1890) -- (Stephens 1963:99 [ref. 4270], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:245 [ref. 9277], Stephens et al. 1989:180 [ref. 23107], Allen & Robertson 1994:242 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:97 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:540 [ref. 24023], Thomson et al. 2000:228 [ref. 25640], Richards & Engle 2001:180 [ref. 25759], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:156 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Kells et al. 2016:298 [ref. 35888], Love et al. 2021:199 [ref. 39279], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert 1890). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico), including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

alleni, Tanyemblemaria Hastings [P. A.] 1992:149, Figs. 1-3 [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 51 (no. 2); ref. 21074] Isla del Rey, Perlas Islands, (Pacific) Panama, about 8°17'30"N, 78°52'30"W, depth 17 meters. Holotype (unique): USNM 309963. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:4 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Tanyemblemaria alleni Hastings 1992 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:251 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Tanyemblemaria alleni Hastings 1992. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

angelica, Emblemaria Böhlke [J. E.] & Mead [G. W.] 1957:2, Pl. 1 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 301; ref. 12134] San Lucas Bay, Baja California, Mexico, 22°52'33"N, 109°54'01"W, depth to about 12-14 feet. Holotype: CAS-SU 48979. Paratypes: ANSP 74824-25 (16, 2), 74826 (11, missing), 74827 (2, c&s); FMNH 61665-66 (15, 4), 61667 (4, now 3); CAS-SU 48980-83 (1, 37, 6, 5), ?58489 (4); UCLA uncat. (4), UCLA uncat. (29). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:34 [ref. 12367], Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Coralliozetus angelicus (Böhlke & Mead 1957) -- (Stephens 1963:56 [ref. 4270], Allen & Robertson 1994:244 [ref. 22193] as angelica, Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:98 [ref. 24545] as angelica, Thomson et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Hastings & Springer 2009:7 [ref. 30391], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2012:59 [ref. 31965], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Hastings 2021:299 [ref. 38129], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Coralliozetus angelicus (Böhlke & Mead 1957). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to southern Mexico, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

arawak, Emblemariopsis Victor [B. C.] 2010:19, Fig. 18 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 4; ref. 31107] Medialuna Reef, seaward slope, 17.935°N, 67.049°W, La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Holotype: UF 179673. Paratypes: UF 179674 (3), 179675 (1). Plus non-type specimens used fro DNA sampling. •Valid as Emblemariopsis arawak Victor 2010. •Synonym of Emblemariopsis leptocirris Stephens 1970-- (Victor 2020:72 [ref. 38038]). Current status: Synonym of Emblemariopsis leptocirris Stephens 1970. Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

arborescens, Acanthemblemaria Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1928:244, Fig. [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 15836] Lamentin Reef, Port-au-Prince Bay, Haiti, West Indies. Holotype: USNM 170566 [ex NYZS 6923]. Paratypes: USNM 170567 [ex NYZS 7201] (1), 170568 [ex NYZS 7278] (2). Type catalog: Mead 1958:131 [ref. 20648], Springer & Orrell 1996:4 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Acanthemblemaria aspera (Longley 1927) -- (Stephens 1963:34 [ref. 4270], Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974:214 [ref. 7151]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthemblemaria aspera (Longley 1927). Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

askoy, Acanthemblemaria Nichols [J. T.] & Murphy [R. C.] 1944:255, Fig. 5 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 83 (art. 4); ref. 3189] La Plata Island, Ecuador. Holotype (unique): AMNH 15959. •Synonym of Acanthemblemaria hancocki Myers & Reid 1936. Current status: Synonym of Acanthemblemaria hancocki Myers & Reid 1936. Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

aspera, Paremblemaria Longley [W. H.] 1927:224 [Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book No. 26; ref. 5630] Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A., western Atlantic. Holotype: USNM 88629. Paratypes: USNM 116801 (8), 116826 (1) Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:4 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria aspera (Longley 1927) -- (Stephens 1963:34 [ref. 4270], Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974:214 [ref. 7151], Greenfield & Johnson 1981:53 [ref. 5580], Robins & Ray 1986:222 [ref. 23100], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Hastings & Robertson 1999:34 [ref. 24283], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Williams 2002:15 [ref. 26522], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:612 [ref. 28815], Garrido & Varela 2008:29 [ref. 29606], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:70 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:155 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria aspera (Longley 1927). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

atlantica, Emblemaria Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1898:2402 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Snapper banks off Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. (stomach content). Holotype (unique): USNM 33915. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. Appeared as name only in Jordan & Evermann 1896:472 [ref. 2442]. •Valid as Emblemaria atlantica Jordan & Evermann 1898 -- (Stephens 1963:86 [ref. 4270], Robins & Ray 1986:223 [ref. 23100], Dennis & Bright 1988:10 [ref. 39782], Boschung 1992:159 [ref. 23239], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:307 [ref. 25013], Ramos et al. 2003:96 [ref. 26688], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:616 [ref. 28815], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria atlantica Jordan & Evermann 1898. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Gulf of Mexico. Habitat: marine.

atrata, Acanthemblemaria Hastings [P. A.] & Robertson [D. R.] 1999:111, Figs. 24-29 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 25 (no. 3/4) (for 1998); ref. 23826] Chatham Bay, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Holotype: USNM 346390. Paratypes: ANSP 176236 (3), SIO 97-215 (3), LACM 32275 (4), UAZ 89-1-1 (101, 16 c&s), USNM 346391 (26); plus additional maerial. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria atrata Hastings & Robertson 1999 -- (Herrera & Lavenberg 2002:10 [ref. 25975], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria atrata Hastings & Robertson 1999. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

australis, Emblemaria Ramos [R. T. C.], Rocha [C. R.] & Rocha [L. A.] 2003:95, Figs. 1, 2A-D [Copeia 2003 (no. 1); ref. 26688] Paraíba State continental shelf, Brazil, 7°21'S, 34°38'W, depth 20 meters. Holotype: UFPB 1588. Paratypes: MZUSP 62003-04 (2); UF 112272-73 (2); UFPB 1570 (1), 1572 (4), 1591 (1), 1847 (1), 1849-50 (2), 1858 (1), 1867 (1); USNM 361061-62 (2). •Valid as Emblemaria australis Ramos, Rocha & Rocha 2003 -- (Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Carvalho-Filho 2023:227 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria australis Ramos, Rocha & Rocha 2003. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuela south to Alagoas (Brazil), including southern Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

bahamensis, Emblemariopsis Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1961:5, Fig. 2 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 349; ref. 4269] Lyford Cay, New Providence Island, Bahamas, 25.031°, -77.536°. Holotype: ANSP 74773. Paratypes: ANSP 94356 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Coralliozetus bahamensis (Stephens 1961) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:224 [ref. 23100]). •Valid as Emblemariopsis bahamensis Stephens 1961 -- (Stephens 1963:94 [ref. 4270], Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Dennis et al. 2004:79 [ref. 31601], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:619 [ref. 28815], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:70 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Victor 2020:100 [ref. 38038]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis bahamensis Stephens 1961. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles to Nevis and Western Caribbean (Cayman Islands, San Andres, and Little Corn Island, Nicaragua). Habitat: marine.

balanorum, Acanthemblemaria Brock [V. E.] 1940:30 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 13593] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, depth 3-4 feet. Holotype: CAS-SU 35046. Paratypes: CAS-SU 35047 (2, now 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:91 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria balanorum Brock 1940 -- (Stephens 1963:49 [ref. 4270], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Allen & Robertson 1994:239 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:96 [ref. 24545], Hastings & Robertson 1999:107 [ref. 23826], Thomson et al. 2000:221 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:156 [ref. 37547], Béarez et al. 2008:478 [ref. 32869], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:199 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:155 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria balanorum Brock 1940. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Colombia, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

betinensis, Acanthemblemaria Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Palacio [F. J.] 1974:209, Figs. 2a-b, 4d, 6d, 8d, 9b, 11-12 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 125; ref. 7151] Seaward side of Tierra Bomba Island, Cartagena, Colombia, depth 15 meters. Holotype: ANSP 117924 [ex UMML 29863]. Paratypes: ANSP 117925-26 (1, 1), 117927 (1, c&s), 122851 (4 + 1 c&s); CAS 14261 (2); SIO 71-262 (6); UCR 285-18 (5), 442-29 (2); UF 222510 [ex UMML 22510] (2), 229863 [ex UMML 29863] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621], Angulo et al. 2015:366 [ref. 35212]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria betinensis Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974 -- (Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Hastings & Robertson 1999:34 [ref. 24283], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria betinensis Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

bicirrus, Emblemaria Hildebrand [S. F.] 1946:406, Fig. 79 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Lagunilla, Independencia Bay, Peru. Holotype (unique): USNM 128223. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Protemblemaria bicirrus (Hildebrand 1946) -- (Stephens 1963:16 [ref. 4270], Allen & Robertson 1994:249 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:98 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:252 [ref. 24555], Thomson et al. 2000:223 [ref. 25640], Hastings 2001:128 [ref. 25781], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807] as bicirris, Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547] as bicirris, Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:149 [ref. 34871], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:157 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Protemblemaria bicirrus (Hildebrand 1946). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

biocellata, Emblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1970:301, Figs. 11-12 [Copeia 1970 (no. 2); ref. 6994] Off French Guiana, 7°46'N, 5°17'W. Holotype: USNM 198596. Paratypes: USNM 199417 (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. USNM 199417 was somewhat questionably included, but regarded as a paratype. •Valid as Emblemaria biocellata Stephens 1970 -- (Cervigón 1994:108 [ref. 24488], Ramos et al. 2003:96 [ref. 26688], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria biocellata Stephens 1970. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

blanchardi, Neoclinus Girard [C. F.] 1858:114 [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] Off San Diego, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 691. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Neoclinus blanchardi Girard 1858 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:244 [ref. 9277], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Murase et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30997], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Kells et al. 2016:298 [ref. 35888], Burton & Lea 2019:89 [ref. 37205], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus blanchardi Girard 1858. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: northern California (U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of central Baja California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

boehlkei, Coralliozetus Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1963:61, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-2) [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 68; ref. 4270] Puerto Marqués, near Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 196673. Paratypes: ANSP 94834 [ex UCLA 51-58] (2); LACM 1646 [ex UCLA 5152] (7); CAS-SU 59423 [ex UCLA 51-54] (9); UCLA 51-20 (9); USNM 196674 (3). Additional material: FMNH (2 lots, 3); CAS-SU (4 lots, 11); UCLA (6 lots, 483). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621], Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Coralliozetus boehlkei Stephens 1963 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:244 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:98 [ref. 24545], Thomson et al. 2000:225 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2012:59 [ref. 31965], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:149 [ref. 34871], Hastings 2021:299 [ref. 38129], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Coralliozetus boehlkei Stephens 1963. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

bottomei, Emblemariopsis Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1961:6, Fig. 3 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 349; ref. 4269] Yonquí, Los Roques Archipelago, Venezuela, 11.886°, -66.822°, depth 5 meters. Holotype (unique): USNM 195822. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemariopsis bottomei Stephens 1961 -- (Stephens 1963:95 [ref. 4270], Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Dennis et al. 2004:79 [ref. 31601], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2005:189 [ref. 28938], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:70 [ref. 33341] as cf. bottomei, Victor 2020:84 [ref. 38038]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis bottomei Stephens 1961. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southeast corner of the Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

bryope, Zacalles Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1902:448, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 25 (no. 1293); ref. 2516] Misaki, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 7067. Paratypes: USNM 50296 (6). Additional material: CAS-SU 7102 (20). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:99 [ref. 12291], Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. Types: Shinohara & Williams 2006:562 [ref. 31656]. As Zacallus bryope in caption to Fig. 3. •Valid as Neoclinus bryope (Jordan & Snyder 1902) -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:27 [ref. 7348], Fukao 1980:179, 193 [ref. 5257], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:294 [ref. 6441], Fukao 1987:304 [ref. 6345], Fukao & Okazaki 1990:243 [ref. 19210], Nakabo 2000:1089 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1089 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:387, 649 [ref. 26218], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Murase et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30997], Motomura et al. 2010:199 [ref. 31256], Kwun et al. 2017:143 [ref. 37287], Kim et al. 2020:165 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:99 [ref. 37637]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus bryope (Jordan & Snyder 1902). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: southern Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

caldwelli, Emblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1970:302, Fig. 13 [Copeia 1970 (no. 2); ref. 6994] One-half mile off Chatham Hotel, Montego Bay, Jamaica, depth 150 feet. Holotype: LACM 8941-29. Paratypes: ANSP 113958 [TS-2] (1); UF 13409 (4, now 3), 13630 (2), 13611 [not 13711] (1), 13714 (1), 13735 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:111 [ref. 21035], Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Emblemaria caldwelli Stephens 1970 -- (Greenfield & Johnson 1981:57 [ref. 5580], Williams 2002:16 [ref. 26522], Ramos et al. 2003:98 [ref. 26688], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27621], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria caldwelli Stephens 1970. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

californiensis, Chaenopsis alepidota Böhlke [J. E.] 1957:99, Pl. 6 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 109; ref. 599] Avalon Bay, Santa Catalina Island, California, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 56396. Paratypes: ANSP 75215 [ex CAS-SU 9890] (1), FMNH 9134 (4, poor condition), CAS-SU 9890 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:21 [ref. 12367], Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621], Springer & Orrell 1996:4 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert 1890), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Stephens 1963:99 [ref. 4270]). •Synonym of Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert 1890) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:242 [ref. 22193], Hastings & Springer 2009:8-9 [ref. 31156]). Current status: Synonym of Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert 1890). Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

cardonae, Coralliozetus Evermann [B. W.] & Marsh [M. C.] 1899:362 [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 25 (for 1899) Appendix 7; ref. 1283] Cardona, off Playa de Ponce, Puerto Rico. Holotype: USNM 49377. Paratypes: USNM 50222 (1), 125968 (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Coralliozetus cardonae Evermann & Marsh 1899 -- (Stephens 1963:55 [ref. 4270], Greenfield & Johnson 1981:56 [ref. 5580], Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], Hastings & Robertson 1999:36 [ref. 24283], Collette et al. 2003:121 [ref. 26784], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27621], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2012:59 [ref. 31965], Hastings 2021:299 [ref. 38129]). Current status: Valid as Coralliozetus cardonae Evermann & Marsh 1899. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas, Caribbean Sea and Atlantic coast of Venezuela. Habitat: marine.

carib, Emblemariopsis Victor [B. C.] 2010:5, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 4; ref. 31107] Outer Brass Island, 18.396°N, 64.976°W, St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands. Holotype: UF 179454. Paratypes: UF 179455 (4). 179456 (2), 179457 (1). •Valid as Emblemariopsis carib Victor 2010 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:71 [ref. 33341], Victor 2020:52 [ref. 38038], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis carib Victor 2010. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Hispaniola and the northern Lesser Antilles. Habitat: marine.

castroi, Acanthemblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] & Hobson [E. S.] in Stephens, Hobson & Johnson 1966:426, Fig. 2 [Copeia 1966 (no. 3); ref. 9071] Barrington Island, Galápagos Islands. Holotype: USNM 198257 [ex UCLA W64-27]. Paratypes: UCLA 64-8 (11), 64-9 (6), 64-33 (108); SIO 15-1041 (3) (ex UCLA W64-10), 64-1003 (12); USNM 198258 [ex UCLA W64-27] (10, not 11). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:5 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria castroi Stephens & Hobson 1966 -- (Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Allen & Robertson 1994:239 [ref. 22193], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:539 [ref. 24023], Hastings & Robertson 1999:108 [ref. 23826], Herrera & Lavenberg 2002:10 [ref. 25975], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:194 [ref. 30957]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria castroi Stephens & Hobson 1966. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Galápagos Islands endemic. Habitat: marine.

caycedoi, Emblemaria Acero P. [A.] 1984:189, fig'd [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 35 (no. 2); ref. 8191] Colombia. Holotype: UF 32669. Paratypes: UF 25826 (4), 230097 [ex UMML 30097] (1), 230147 [ex UMML 30147] (2). •Valid as Emblemaria caycedoi Acero P. 1984 -- (Ramos et al. 2003:97 [ref. 26688], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria caycedoi Acero P. 1984. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Colombia, Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

celeste, Chaenopsis Tavera [J. J.] 2021:4 [891], Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 99 (no. 3); ref. 38378] Gorgona Island, Colombia, Eastern Pacific, 2°57'57"N, 78°10'17"W, depth 3 - 5 meters. Holotype: UV 19053. Paratypes: UV 19054 (4). •Valid as Chaenopsis celeste Tavera 2021. Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis celeste Tavera 2021. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica to Colombia. Habitat: marine.

chaplini, Acanthemblemaria Böhlke [J. E.] 1957:37, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 109; ref. 12133] Off Long Cay, Bahamas, 25°05'51"N, 77°24'18"W (longitude not corrected, from U.S.H.O. chart 1377, Nov. 1936). Holotype: ANSP 74760. Paratypes: ANSP 74761 (6), 74762 (1, stained), 74763-69 (2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 51). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria chaplini Böhlke 1957 -- (Stephens 1963:32 [ref. 4270], Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974:212 [ref. 7151], Robins & Ray 1986:222 [ref. 23100], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Hastings & Robertson 1999:34 [ref. 24283], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Garrido & Varela 2008:29 [ref. 29606], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:155 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria chaplini Böhlke 1957. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

chihiroe, Neoclinus Fukao [R.] 1987:301, Fig. 2 B [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 6345] Near Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 111775 [ex FAKU 49538 b]. Paratypes: FAKU 49538 (2), 49543-45 (1, 2, 1), 111778-79 (1, 1). •Valid as Neoclinus chihiroe Fukao 1987 -- (Fukao & Okazaki 1990:243 [ref. 19210], Nakabo 2000:1089 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1089 [ref. 26193], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Murase et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30997], Motomura et al. 2010:200 [ref. 31256], Myoung et al. 2021:143 [ref. 38860]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus chihiroe Fukao 1987. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Japan and Korea. Habitat: marine.

clausus, Coralliozetus Hastings [P. A.] 2021:296, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 4926 (no. 2); ref. 38129] Chatham Bay, Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, 5°33'N, 87°02'W. Holotype: USNM 451460. Paratypes: LACM, SIO, UCR, USNM. •Valid as Coralliozetus clausus Hastings 2021. Current status: Valid as Coralliozetus clausus Hastings 2021. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Isla del Coco, Costa Rica. Habitat: marine.

coheni, Chaenopsis Böhlke [J. E.] 1957:90, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 109; ref. 599] Isla Angel de la Guarda, Gulf of California, Mexico, 29°31'N, 113°37'W, depth 14-20 fathoms. Holotype: CAS-SU 49247. Paratypes: ANSP 75216 (3); CAS-SU 49248 (3), 49249 (1, poor condition). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Chaenopsis coheni Böhlke 1957 -- (Stephens 1963:99 [ref. 4270], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:97 [ref. 24545], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Tavera 2021:6 [ref. 38378], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis coheni Böhlke 1957. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: marine.

crockeri, Acanthemblemaria Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1938:310, Fig. 5 [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 23 (pt 3, no. 15); ref. 249] San Lucas Bay, Baja California, Mexico, depth 3.5 fathoms. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 46497 [ex NYZS 24824]. Type catalog: Mead 1958:131 [ref. 20648]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria crockeri Beebe & Tee-Van 1938 -- (Stephens 1963:37 [ref. 4270], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Allen & Robertson 1994:239 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:96 [ref. 24545], Hastings & Robertson 1999:107 [ref. 23826], Thomson et al. 2000:220 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:156 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:199 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria crockeri Beebe & Tee-Van 1938. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) and Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

cubana, Acanthemblemaria Garrido [O. H.] & Varela [C.] 2008:33, Figs. 1B, 2-4A, 4C [Solenodon No. 7; ref. 29606] Monte Barreto entre las calles 70 y 60, municipio Playa, provincia Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba, depth 3 meters. Holotype: ANC [no number given]. Paratypes: ANC 12.2.039-040 (2); OHG 2 (2), 9 (1), 10 (2). •Synonym of Acanthemblemaria chaplini Böhlke 1957 -- (Smith-Vaniz, pers. comm. 7/02/2010). Current status: Synonym of Acanthemblemaria chaplini Böhlke 1957. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Cuba (if valid). Habitat: marine.

culmenis, Emblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1970:299, Fig. 10 [Copeia 1970 (no. 2); ref. 6994] Off Venezuela, 12°31'N, 69°55'W, Oregon station 5649, depth 35 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 200424. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:6 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria culmenis Stephens 1970 -- (Cervigón 1994:109 [ref. 24488], Ramos et al. 2003:96 [ref. 26688], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria culmenis Stephens 1970. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuela. Habitat: marine.

deltarrhis, Chaenopsis Böhlke [J. E.] 1957:93, Fig. 2 (middle) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 109; ref. 599] Gorgona Island, (Pacific) Colombia, 2°57'30"N, 78°11'00"W, depth 2-8 fathoms. Holotype: CAS-SU 49250 [ex NYZS 28672]. Paratypes: ANSP 75217 (1), USNM 101950 (1). Type catalog: Mead 1958:132 [ref. 20648], Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621], Springer & Orrell 1996:6 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Chaenopsis deltarrhis Böhlke 1957 -- (Stephens 1963:99 [ref. 4270], Allen & Robertson 1994:243 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Tavera 2021:1 [ref. 38378], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis deltarrhis Böhlke 1957. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica to Colombia and Cocos Island. Habitat: marine.

dianae, Emblemariopsis Tyler [J. C.] & Hastings [P. A.] 2004:50, Figs. 1-3 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 27611] North Elbow Cay (Peripheral Rhomboidal Cays), northeastern side of Cay, 16°42.338'N, 88°10.870'W, off Belize, depth 8 feet. Holotype: USNM 365355. Paratypes: SIO 03-56 (1, c&s); USNM 365355 (1, with holotype), 365356 (2), 365362 (2, c&s), 365363 (4, 2 c&s), 365364-66 (2, 2, 1), 367243-48 (1c&s, 1c&s, 1c&s, 1c&s, 1c&s, 1c&s), 367249 (1), 367250 (3, 2 c&s), 367251 (6, 1 c&s), 367252 (1). •Valid as Emblemariopsis dianae Tyler & Hastings 2004 -- (Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Lobel & Lobel 2011:50 [ref. 31774], Victor 2020:41 [ref. 38038]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis dianae Tyler & Hastings 2004. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Belize and Honduras, Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2014): Data deficient. Habitat: marine.

diaphana, Emblemariopsis Longley [W. H.] 1927:223 [Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book No. 26; ref. 5630] Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 88628. Paratypes: USNM 116812 (6). Doubtful paratype: USNM 88115 (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:6 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Coralliozetus diaphanus (Longley 1927) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:224 [ref. 23100]). •Valid as Emblemariopsis diaphana Longley 1927 -- (Stephens 1963:93 [ref. 4270], Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Smith et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:620 [ref. 28815], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Victor 2020:92 [ref. 38038], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis diaphana Longley 1927. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: south Florida, the Keys and the Tortugas, and the Gulf of Mexico off Mexico. Habitat: marine.

diphyodontis, Emblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] & Cervigón [F.] in Stephens 1970:297, Figs. 8-9 [Copeia 1970 (no. 2); ref. 6994] Cabacera de Cubago, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 203820. Paratypes: MHNLS (16). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:6 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria diphyodontis Stephens & Cervigón 1970 -- (Cervigón 1994:110 [ref. 24488], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2005:187 [ref. 28938], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria diphyodontis Stephens & Cervigón 1970. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuela. Habitat: marine.

erythrops, Paremblemaria Fowler [H. W.] 1941:101, Figs. 14-15 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 13237] Off Miami Beach, Florida, U.S.A., depth 8.5 fathoms. Holotype: ANSP 69721. Paratypes: ANSP 69722-23 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Acanthemblemaria aspera (Longley 1927) -- (Stephens 1963:34 [ref. 4270], Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974:215 [ref. 7151]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthemblemaria aspera (Longley 1927). Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

exilispinus, Acanthemblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1963:36, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 68; ref. 4270] Bahía Hondo, Panama. Holotype: CAS-SU 58504 [ex NYZS 28588]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 58503 [ex NYZS 28588] (2). Additional material: CAS-SU 58501-02 (1, 1), USNM 114942 (1). •Valid as Acanthemblemaria exilispinus Stephens 1963 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:240 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Hastings & Springer 2009:7 [ref. 30391] as exilispinous, Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria exilispinus Stephens 1963. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

falcon, Emblemariopsis Victor [B. C.] & Rodríguez [J.] 2020:24, Figs. 22-32 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 37; ref. 38038] Monje del Norte, Venezuela, 12.4836°, -70.9161°. Holotype: AMNH 249359. Paratypes: AMNH, UF. •Valid as Emblemariopsis falcon Victor & Rodríguez 2020. Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis falcon Victor & Rodríguez 2020. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: northwest coastal Venezuela and the offshore archipelagos. Habitat: marine.

greenfieldi, Acanthemblemaria Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Palacio [F. J.] 1974:210, Figs. 2c-d, 5a, 6e, 7e, 8e, 9c,13 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 125; ref. 7151] Caribbean Sea between Crab Cay and "Three Brothers," Providencia Island, Colombia, depth 3 meters. Holotype: ANSP 123451. Paratypes: ANSP 122551 (9 + 2 cs); FMNH 76348-50 (1, 2, 4); LACM 6349-50 (5); UF 19265 (4), 19267 (3), 19269-71 (17, 9, 2), 209375 [ex UMML 9375] (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:112 [ref. 21035], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:4 [ref. 12367], Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria greenfieldi Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974 -- (Greenfield & Johnson 1981:55 [ref. 5580], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria greenfieldi Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

guttata, Emblemaria Ginsburg [I.] 1942:368 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 32 (no. 12); ref. 13203] Secas Island, (Pacific) Panama, depth 12 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 101999. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:6 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Emblemaria nivipes Jordan & Gilbert 1883 -- (Stephens 1963:75 [ref. 4270]). Current status: Synonym of Emblemaria nivipes Jordan & Gilbert 1883. Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

hancocki, Acanthemblemaria Myers [G. S.] & Reid [E. D.] 1936:7 [Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition 1932-40, Los Angeles v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 13727] Outer side of smaller, most western island, Secas Islands, (Pacific) Panama. Holotype: USNM 102015. Paratypes: USNM 102016 (2). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:6 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria hancocki Myers & Reid 1936 -- (Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Allen & Robertson 1994:240 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Hastings & Robertson 1999:110 [ref. 23826], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], Fourriére et al. 2016:461 [ref. 34668] doubtful from Revillagigedo Archipelago (Mexico)). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria hancocki Myers & Reid 1936. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

harpeza, Acanthemblemaria Williams [J. T.] 2002:13, Figs. 2-3 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 26522] Shore at undercut of island at Northwest Point, Navassa Island, 18°25'N, 75°01'W, depth 0-4.5 meters. Holotype: USNM 367203. Paratypes: BMNH 2002.7.3.1 (5); LACM 56003-1 (5); MCZ 161483 (5); SIO 02-79 (5); USNM 367204 (4), 367205 (58), 367206 (57). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria harpeza Williams 2002 -- (Collette et al. 2003:118 [ref. 26784], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria harpeza Williams 2002. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Navassa Island, Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

hastingsi, Acanthemblemaria Lin [H.-C.] & Galland [G. R.] 2010:55, Figs. 3-4 [Zootaxa No. 2525; ref. 30871] Canal San Jose, 24°60'N, 110°46'W, Gulf of California, Mexico, depth 3 meters. Holotype: SIO 65-272. Paratypes: CAS 229775 (10); FMNH 119163 (10); LACM 57208-1 (10); SIO 59-225 (236), 59-228 (106), 65-272 (50), 65-342 (68); USNM 317625 (3). •Valid as Acanthemblemaria hastingsi Lin & Galland 2010 -- (Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:199 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria hastingsi Lin & Galland 2010. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico) and Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

hudsoni, Emblemaria Evermann [B. W.] & Radcliffe [L.] 1917:147, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 95; ref. 1284] Sechura Bay, between Bayova and Matacaballa, Peru, depth 5-6 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 77535. Paratypes: (8) USNM 119852 (now 6). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:7 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria hudsoni Evermann & Radcliffe 1917 -- (Stephens 1963:79 [ref. 4270], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:252 [ref. 24555], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria hudsoni Evermann & Radcliffe 1917. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

hyltoni, Emblemaria Johnson [R. K.] & Greenfield [D. W.] 1976:17, Figs. 1B, 1E, 2, 3C [Fieldiana Zoology v. 70 (no. 2); ref. 7343] Dixon Cove, Isla Roatán, Honduras. Holotype: FMNH 80412. Paratypes: FMNH 80413 (2), UMMZ 200207 (1), USNM 214839 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:34 [ref. 12367], Springer & Orrell 1996:7 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria hyltoni Johnson & Greenfield 1976 -- (Greenfield & Johnson 1981:58 [ref. 5580], Williams 2002:16 [ref. 26522], Ramos et al. 2003:98 [ref. 26688], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria hyltoni Johnson & Greenfield 1976. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Honduras. Habitat: marine.

hypacanthus, Psednoblennius Jenkins [O. P.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1889:156 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 698); ref. 2342] Guaymas Bay, Sonora, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 39638. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:7 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria hypacanthus (Jenkins & Evermann 1889) -- (Stephens 1963:83 [ref. 4270], Allen & Robertson 1994:246 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:100 [ref. 24545], Thomson et al. 2000:225 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria hypacanthus (Jenkins & Evermann 1889). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico), and Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

johnsoni, Acanthemblemaria Almany [G. R.] & Baldwin [C. C.] 1996:420, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 109 (no. 3); ref. 22526] Reef north of Charlotteville, east side of North Point, Tobago, depth 4.5-12 meters. Holotype: USNM 317210. Paratypes: USNM 317211 (4, 1 c&s), 319706 (1). •Valid as Acanthemblemaria johnsoni Almany & Baldwin 1996 -- (Williams 2002:15 [ref. 26522], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], Hastings et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37662]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria johnsoni Almany & Baldwin 1996. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Tobago to islands of eastern Venezuela, Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

lacunicola, Neoclinus Fukao [R.] 1980:188, Pl. 1 B [Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory v. 25 (no. 1/4); ref. 5257] Rocky reef off northern beach of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Japan, depth about 3 meters. Holotype: FAKU 49521. Paratypes: FAKU 48403 (1), 48525 (1), 48962 (2), 49480-83 (3, 4, 3, 5), 49519 (1), 49522 (1), 49531 (2), 49533 (5). •Valid as Neoclinus lacunicola Fukao 1980 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:295 [ref. 6441], Fukao & Okazaki 1990:243 [ref. 19210], Nakabo 2000:1088 [ref. 25182], Shinohara et al. 2000:181 [ref. 25987], Nakabo 2002:1088 [ref. 26193], Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396], Sonoyama et al. 2020:99 [ref. 37637], Yamasaki et al. 2020:1 [ref. 38513], Hoshino & Murase 2021:50 [ref. 38813], Myoung et al. 2021:340 [ref. 38685]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus lacunicola Fukao 1980. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: southern Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

lancea, Emblemariopsis Victor [B. C.] 2020:13, Figs. 10-20 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 37; ref. 38038] Soufriere, Dominica, 15.22°, -61.37°, depth 3 meters. Holotype: UF 246130. Paratypes: ANSP, UF. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Emblemariopsis lancea Victor 2020. Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis lancea Victor 2020. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Windward chain of the Lesser Antilles. Habitat: marine.

leptocirris, Emblemariopsis Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1970:289, Fig. 6 [Copeia 1970 (no. 2); ref. 6994] El Negro Reef, about 5 miles southwest of Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 18.153°, -67.244°, depth 0 - 45 feet. Holotype: USNM 203819. Paratypes: ANSP 113998 [TFD-12] (1), 114014 [TS-32] (1); UF 12454 (1), 12456 (1), 12460 (1), 12462 (2), 12768 (1); UPRM 1640 (2). Additional material: UF 12463 (10, mostly larvae). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:112 [ref. 21035], Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621], Springer & Orrell 1996:7 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemariopsis leptocirris Stephens 1970 -- (Greenfield & Johnson 1981:61 [ref. 5580], Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Tyler & Hastings 2004:58 [ref. 27611], Smith et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27621], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Victor 2020:68 [ref. 38038], Robertson et al. 2022:86 [ref. 39353], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis leptocirris Stephens 1970. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: central Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

limbaughi, Chaenopsis Robins [C. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 1965:215, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 117 (no. 6); ref. 9249] Between Salt Pond Bay and Ram Head Bay, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, depth 30 feet. Holotype: ANSP 101161. Paratypes: ANSP 101162 (1, allotype), 102725-26 (4, 2); UF 11535 (1), 202377 [ex UMML 2377] (2), 205150 [ex UMML 5150] (15), 205624 [ex UMML 5624] (1), 211240 [ex UMML 11240] (3), 211241-42 [ex UMML 11241-42] (3), 217361-62 [ex UMML 17361-62] (2); UPR 1042 (3), 1122 (1). Additional material at ANSP, LACM, UF, and UF [ex UMML]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Chaenopsis limbaughi Robins & Randall 1965 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:222 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1994:107 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz 2000:918 [ref. 25062], Collette et al. 2003:118 [ref. 26784], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:613 [ref. 28815], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:70 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726] as cf. limbaughi, Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis limbaughi Robins & Randall 1965. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahamas and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

lira, Ekemblemaria Hastings [P. A.] 1992:770, Figs. 1-3 [Copeia 1992 (no. 3); ref. 19884] Tidepool at Las Palmas, near Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Holotype: USNM 316854. Paratypes: USNM 219829 (1, c&s), 316855 (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:7 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Ekemblemaria lira Hastings 1992 -- (Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Ekemblemaria lira Hastings 1992. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

lucasana, Protemblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1963:20, Pl. 1 (figs. 2-3) [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 68; ref. 4270] San Lucas Canyon, southern tip of Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, depth 150 feet. Holotype: SIO 59-215-61A. Paratypes: SIO 59-215-61B (2), 61-227-61B (2), 61-233-61B (2), 6-242-61B (5), 61-249-61B (8), 61-272-61B (2), 61-277-61B (1); USNM 196704 [ex SIO 61-252] (2). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:7 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Protemblemaria lucasana Stephens 1963 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:249 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829]). •Valid as Coralliozetus lucasana (Stephens 1963) -- (De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:98 [ref. 24545], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279]). •Valid as Cirriemblemaria lucasana (Stephens 1963) -- (Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], Thomson et al. 2000:223 [ref. 25640], Hastings 2001:128 [ref. 25781], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Cirriemblemaria lucasana (Stephens 1963). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to southern Mexico, including southern and central Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

lucius, Lucioblennius Osburn [R. C.] & Nichols [J. T.] 1916:179, Fig. 15 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 35 (art. 16); ref. 15062] San Josef Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 87550 [ex AMNH 5207]. Paratypes: AMNH 21310 (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:7 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert 1890). Current status: Synonym of Chaenopsis alepidota (Gilbert 1890). Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

macrospilus, Acanthemblemaria hancocki Brock [V. E.] 1940:32 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 13593] Magdalena Island, Tres Marias group, off western coast of Mexico, depth 30 feet. Holotype: CAS-SU 35048. Paratypes: CAS-SU 35049-50 (2, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:91 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria macrospilus Brock 1940 -- (Stephens 1963:47 [ref. 4270], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Allen & Robertson 1994:241 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:96 [ref. 24545], Hastings & Robertson 1999:108 [ref. 23826], Thomson et al. 2000:221 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:156 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:468 [ref. 30396], Lin & Galland 2010:59 [ref. 30871], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:149 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:461 [ref. 34668] doubtful from Revillagigedo Archipelago (Mexico), Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria macrospilus Brock 1940. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja Californis Sur (Mexico) south to Guerrero (Mexico), including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

mangognatha, Acanthemblemaria Hastings [P. A.] & Robertson [D. R.] 1999:115, Figs. 30-35 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 25 (no. 3/4) (for 1998); ref. 23826] Henslow Bay, Isla Socorro, Islas Revillagigedo, Mexico, 18°48'N, 111°02'W. Holotype: USNM 346392. Paratypes: ANSP 176237 (2), LACM 31783-46 (6), SIO 97-216 (2), UAZ 90-1-1 (14), USNM 346393 (5). •Valid as Acanthemblemaria mangognatha Hastings & Robertson 1999 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Lin & Galland 2010:60 [ref. 30871], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:449 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:611 [ref. 34923], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria mangognatha Hastings & Robertson 1999. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

maria, Acanthemblemaria Böhlke [J. E.] 1961:2, Fig. 1 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 346; ref. 7920] Small lagoon on north shore of Treasure Island (Salt Cay), Bahamas, 25°06'16"N, 77°16'22"W. Holotype: ANSP 74734. Paratypes: ANSP 74735 (7), 74736 (1, c&s), 74737-41 (1, 2, 1, 5, 3), 94310-17 (11, 1, 24, 1, 7, 4, 1, 12), 94322 (1); UF 205222 [ex UMML 5222] (10), 205856 [ex UMML 5856] (1), 208198 [ex UMML 8198] (10). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria maria Böhlke 1961 -- (Stephens 1963:43 [ref. 4270], Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974:201 [ref. 7151], Greenfield & Johnson 1981:55 [ref. 5580], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Cervigón 1994:102 [ref. 24488], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Hastings & Robertson 1999:35 [ref. 24283], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:118 [ref. 26784], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27621], Garrido & Varela 2008:29 [ref. 29606], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:70 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria maria Böhlke 1961. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

markii, Emblemaria Mowbray [L. L.] in Bean 1912:126 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 25; ref. 232] Hamilton Harbor, Bermuda. Lectotype: USNM 74083. Paralectotypes: USNM 327185 [ex 74093] (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:7-8 [ref. 22274]. Description quoted from Mowbray so author is Mowbray. Lectotype is the specimen regarded by Stephens 1963:133 as holotype, designated lectotype by Springer & Orrell 1996:8 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Emblemaria atlantica Jordan & Evermann 1898 -- (Stephens 1963:86 [ref. 4270], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:307 [ref. 25013]). Current status: Synonym of Emblemaria atlantica Jordan & Evermann 1898. Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

medusa, Acanthemblemaria Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Palacio [F. J.] 1974:213, Figs. 3, 5c, 6g, 7g, 8g,9d,10a,13 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 125; ref. 7151] Rocks around monument to burning vessel, St. George's Harbor, Grenada, West Indies. Holotype: ANSP 113953. Paratypes: ANSP 98468 (1), 98475 (1), 98477 (1), 113963-65 (11), 113973 (1), 113976-77 (6 + 2 c&s), 113980 (1), 122843-44 (13); SIO 72-395 (4); UDONECI-710 (2); UF 230569 [ex UMML 30569] (6); USNM 170313 (1), 195818 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:40 [ref. 13621], Springer & Orrell 1996:8 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria medusa Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974 -- (Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Cervigón 1994:101 [ref. 24488], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Williams 2002:15 [ref. 26522], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27621], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria medusa Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

megalops, Chaenopsis Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] 2000:919, Figs. 1, 2a [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 113 (no. 4); ref. 25062] Off Gulf of Uraba, south of Punta Caribana, Colombia, 8°51'12"N, 77°01'36"W to 8°49'06"N, 77°04'06"W, depth 72 meters. Holotype: UF 226440 [ex UMML 26440]. Paratypes: ANSP 138519 [ex UMML 28600] (1). •Valid as Chaenopsis megalops Smith-Vaniz 2000 -- (Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis megalops Smith-Vaniz 2000. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southwestern Caribbean Sea, Colombia. Habitat: marine.

micropes, Emblemaria Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1938:308, Fig. 4 [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 23 (pt 3, no. 15); ref. 249] Inez Point, Santa Inez Bay, Gulf of California, Mexico. Holotype: CAS-SU 46499 [ex NYZS 24895]. Type catalog: Mead 1958:132 [ref. 20648]. •Valid as Coralliozetus micropes (Beebe & Tee-Van 1938) -- (Stephens 1963:58 [ref. 4270], Allen & Robertson 1994:244 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:99 [ref. 24545], Thomson et al. 2000:225 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2012:59 [ref. 31965], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Hastings 2021:299 [ref. 38129], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Coralliozetus micropes (Beebe & Tee-Van 1938). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico), and Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

monogrammus, Neoclinus Murase [A.], Aizawa [M.] & Sunobe [T.] 2010:59, Figs. 1, 2A-C, 3A-B [Species Diversity v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 30997] Ubara, southern coast of Boso Peninsula, Isomuradashi, Chiba, Japan, 35°07'00"N, 140°6'58"E, depth 28 meters. Holotype: CMNH-ZF 12203. Paratypes: CMNH-ZF. •Valid as Neoclinus monogrammus Murase, Aizawa & Sunobe 2010. Current status: Valid as Neoclinus monogrammus Murase, Aizawa & Sunobe 2010. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Pacific coast of central Japan, Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

myersi, Ekemblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1963:23, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 68; ref. 4270] Punta Santa Inez, Bahía Santa Inez, Gulf of California, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 196677 [not 196679]. Paratypes: ANSP 94832 (10 now 5); FMNH 63854 (5), LACM 1645 (30, published as 3); SIO 62-162 (61, not 56) (ex UCLA W53-86), 62-162-61B (10); CAS-SU 59424 (10); USNM 196678 (30). Additional material: SIO (8 lots, 274); UCLA (12 lots, 233); CAS-SU (5 lots, 19). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:33 [ref. 12367], Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621], Springer & Orrell 1996:8 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Ekemblemaria myersi Stephens 1963 -- (Hastings 1992:773 [ref. 19884], Allen & Robertson 1994:245 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:100 [ref. 24545], Thomson et al. 2000:221 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:149 [ref. 34871], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Ekemblemaria myersi Stephens 1963. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern tip of Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Colombia, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

nigra, Emblemaria Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1928:953, Pl. 97 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 249); ref. 2964] Porto Bello, (Atlantic) Panama. Holotype: USNM 81920. Paratypes: FMNH 8535 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:34 [ref. 12367], Springer & Orrell 1996:8 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Ekemblemaria nigra (Meek & Hildebrand 1928) -- (Stephens 1963:26 [ref. 4270], Hastings 1992:773 [ref. 19884], Hastings & Robertson 1999:36 [ref. 24283], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38844]). Current status: Valid as Ekemblemaria nigra (Meek & Hildebrand 1928). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

nivipes, Emblemaria Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1883:627 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 329); ref. 2474] Pearl Islands, Gulf of Panama (Pacific). Holotype: USNM 29676 [ex YPM]. Paratypes: (many) USNM 195817 (2). Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:27 [ref. 16741]. •Valid as Emblemaria nivipes Jordan & Gilbert 1883 -- (Stephens 1963:75 [ref. 4270], Allen & Robertson 1994:247 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Hastings & Springer 2009:7 [ref. 30391], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria nivipes Jordan & Gilbert 1883. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

nudiceps, Neoclinus Murase [A.], Aizawa [M.] & Sunobe [T.] 2010:66, Figs. 2D-E, 3C-D [Species Diversity v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 30997] Uzunohana, off Tsuma, Okinoshima town, Oki county, Shimane Prefecture, Sea of Japan, depth 8-9 meters. Holotype: BLIP 36670014. Paratypes: BLIP, NSMT-P. •Valid as Neoclinus nudiceps Murase, Aizawa & Sunobe 2010. Current status: Valid as Neoclinus nudiceps Murase, Aizawa & Sunobe 2010. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Oki Islands, Shimane Prefecture, Sea of Japan, Western North Pacific. Habitat: marine.

nudus, Neoclinus Stephens [J. S., Jr.] & Springer [V. G.] 1971:65, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 84 (no. 9); ref. 7648] Cove just south of Yeh-Liu, 25°12'N, 121°41'E, Taiwan, South China Sea, depth 4 meters. Holotype: USNM 205217. Paratypes: USNM 205218 (10, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:8 [ref. 22274], Ho & Shao 2011:54 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Neoclinus nudus Stephens & Springer 1971 -- (Fukao 1990:116 [ref. 19209], Fukao & Okazaki 1990:243 [ref. 19210], Nakabo 2000:1088 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1088 [ref. 26193], Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396], Motomura et al. 2010:199 [ref. 31256], Ho & Shao 2011:54 [ref. 31432], Dewa et al. 2022:24 [ref. 40001]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus nudus Stephens & Springer 1971. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific Taiwan north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

occidentalis, Emblemariopsis Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1970:287, Fig. 4 [Copeia 1970 (no. 2); ref. 6994] Green Cay (north of Rose Island), Bahamas, 25.109°, -77.188°, depth 16 meters. Holotype: ANSP 94995. Paratypes: ANSP 113982 (2), 113984 (1), 113999 (2), 114004 (2), 114011 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Emblemariopsis occidentalis Stephens 1970 -- (Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Collette et al. 2003:121 [ref. 26784], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Tyler & Hastings 2004:58 [ref. 27611], Smith et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807], Dennis et al. 2004:80 [ref. 31601], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Victor 2020:44 [ref. 38038]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis occidentalis Stephens 1970. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bahama Islands. Habitat: marine.

ocellatus, Chaenopsis Poey [F.] in Gill 1865:143, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 8 (art. 15); ref. 1676] Matanzas, Cuba. Holotype (unique): USNM 8007. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:8 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Chaenopsis ocellata Poey 1865 -- (Stephens 1963:99 [ref. 4270], Robins & Ray 1986:222 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 2000:918 [ref. 25062], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:614 [ref. 28815], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396] with author as Gill, Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis ocellata Poey 1865. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Florida, Gulf of Mexico and Cuba. Habitat: marine.

oculocirris, Emblemaria Jordan [D. S.] in Gilbert 1897:456 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 19 (no. 1115); ref. 1629] La Paz harbor, Baja California, Mexico, Gulf of California. Holotype (unique): USNM 47749. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:8 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Emblemaria hypacanthus (Jenkins & Evermann 1889) -- (Stephens 1963:83 [ref. 4270]). Current status: Synonym of Emblemaria hypacanthus (Jenkins & Evermann 1889). Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

okazakii, Neoclinus Fukao [R.] 1987:294, Fig. 2 A [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 6345] Near Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Shirahama, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Holotype: FAKU 111774. Paratypes: FAKU 48437 (1), 48521 (1), 48936 (1), 48945 (1), 48966 (1), 49371 (1), 49491-94 (1, 1, 1, 1), 49502 (1), 49504-05 (1, 1), 49536-37 (6, 1), 49539-40 (3, 2), 49542 (2), 49546-48 (1, 1, 1), 49550 (2), 111776-67 (1, 1). •Valid as Neoclinus okazakii Fukao 1987 -- (Fukao 1990:116 [ref. 19209], Fukao & Okazaki 1990:243 [ref. 19210], Nakabo 2000:1089 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1089 [ref. 26193], Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396], Murase et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30997], Motomura et al. 2015:29 [ref. 34709], Negoro & Motomura 2024:14 [ref. 41284]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus okazakii Fukao 1987. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

pandionis, Emblemaria Evermann [B. W.] & Marsh [M. C.] 1900:318, Fig. 104 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 20 (pt 1) [for 1900]; ref. 14876] Between Vieques and Culebra Islands, Puerto Rico, Fish Hawk station 6084, depth 11 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 49535. Paratypes: (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:8 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria pandionis Evermann & Marsh 1900 -- (Stephens 1963:89 [ref. 4270], Greenfield & Johnson 1981:61 [ref. 5580], Robins & Ray 1986:223 [ref. 23100], Smith et al. 1998:1 [ref. 24615], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:307 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Collette et al. 2003:121 [ref. 26784], Ramos et al. 2003:96 [ref. 26688], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:617 [ref. 28815], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2005:187 [ref. 28938], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:70 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505], Sporre et al. 2024:[3] [ref. 41073]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria pandionis Evermann & Marsh 1900. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: east coast of Florida (U.S.A.) south to Trinidad and Tobago, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

paula, Acanthemblemaria Johnson [G. D.] & Brothers [E. B.] 1989:1019, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 102 (no. 4); ref. 13532] South end of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, depth 1-2 meters. Holotype: USNM 301835. Paratypes: ANSP 162806 (6); FMNH 77558 (1), 86085 (3), 86088 (1), 89328 (2), 89372 (1), 90497 (12), 90869 (8), 90876 (17, now 14), 98295-98 (1, 1, 2, 3); SIO 89-13 to 14 (5, 1); USNM 290669 (2), 301830-34 (3, 3, 10, 23, 9 [c&s]), 301836 (4). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:8-9 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria paula Johnson & Brothers 1989 -- (Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Williams 2002:15 [ref. 26522], Smith et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27621], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Lobel & Lobel 2011:50 [ref. 31774]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria paula Johnson & Brothers 1989. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Belize. Habitat: marine.

perla, Protemblemaria Hastings [P. A.] 2001:126, Figs. 1A, 2 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 49 (Suppl. 1); ref. 25781] Isla del Rey, Islas Perlas, Panama (Pacific). Holotype: USNM 353939. Paratypes: SIO 00-64 (1), USNM 353940 (1). •Valid as Protemblemaria perla Hastings 2001 -- (Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Protemblemaria perla Hastings 2001. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Panama. Habitat: marine.

piratica, Emblemaria Ginsburg [I.] 1942:369 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 32 (no. 12); ref. 13203] Secas Island, (Pacific) Panama, depth 12 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 101944. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:9 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria piratica Ginsburg 1942 -- (Stephens 1963:77 [ref. 4270], Allen & Robertson 1994:247 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:100 [ref. 24545], Ramos et al. 2003:97 [ref. 26688], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:149 [ref. 34871], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria piratica Ginsburg 1942. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

piratula, Emblemaria Ginsburg [I.] & Reid [E. D.] in Ginsburg 1942:368 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 32 (no. 12); ref. 13203] Author is F. D. Reid. Off St. Andrews Bay, Florida, U.S.A., 29°56'N, 86°7.5'W, depth 18 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 119875. Paratypes: USNM 101089-90 (2, 7), 101091 (2 of 3 but indistinguishable). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:9 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria piratula Ginsburg & Reid 1942 -- (Stephens 1963:88 [ref. 4270], Robins & Ray 1986:223 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:159 [ref. 23239], Williams 2002:16 [ref. 26522], Ramos et al. 2003:97 [ref. 26688], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Dennis et al. 2004:79 [ref. 31601], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:618 [ref. 28815], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria piratula Ginsburg & Reid 1942. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

pricei, Emblemariopsis Greenfield [D. W.] 1975:713, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1975 (no. 4); ref. 7425] Patch reef, lagoon of Glovers Reef, near Long Cay, Belize, 16.8°, -87.8°, depth 1 - 1.5 meters. Holotype: FMNH 77481. Paratypes: FMNH 77482 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:34 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Emblemariopsis pricei Greenfield 1975 -- (Greenfield & Johnson 1981:62 [ref. 5580], Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Tyler & Tyler 1999:1 [ref. 23949], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Tyler & Hastings 2004:58 [ref. 27611], Smith et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Victor 2020:106 [ref. 38038], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis pricei Greenfield 1975. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Mesoamerican Barrier Reef and the Bay of Honduras. Habitat: marine.

punctata, Protemblemaria Cervigón [F.] 1966:684 [Los peces marinos de Venezuela; ref. 9018] Estado Sucre, Laguna Grande, Peninsula de Araya, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. Lectotype: MOBR-EDIMAR-P-2575. Paralectotypes: ANSP 108147 (2), MOBR-EDIMAR-P-2020 (5). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621], Lasso et al. 1999:110 [ref. 33859]. Described in more detail and lectotype selected in Böhlke & Cervigón 1967:4 [ref. 20754]. •Valid as Coralliozetus punctatus (Cervigón 1966) -- (Cervigón 1994:103 [ref. 24488]). •Valid as Protemblemaria punctata Cervigón 1966 -- (Böhlke & Cervigón 1967:2 [ref. 20754], Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], Hastings 2001:128 [ref. 25781], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2023:157 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Protemblemaria punctata Cervigón 1966. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuela. Habitat: marine.

ramirezi, Coralliozetus Cervigón [F.] 1999:63, 2 figs. [Publicaciones Ocasionales, Departamento de Investigaciones Museo del Mar No. 1; ref. 25415] Adjacent to Punta Payape on Puerto Real Island, Los Frailes Archipelago, 14 kilometers east-northeast of Margarita Island, Venezuela, depth 15 meters. Holotype: MMM 350. Paratypes: MMM 351 (3). A photograph of the species also appears on the cover of the volume. •Valid as Emblemariopsis ramirezi (Cervigón 1999) -- (Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Tyler & Hastings 2004:58 [ref. 27611], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:18 [ref. 31107]). •Synonym of Emblemariopsis tayrona (Acero P. 1987) -- (Victor 2020:36 [ref. 38038]). Current status: Synonym of Emblemariopsis tayrona (Acero P. 1987). Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

randalli, Emblemariopsis Cervigón [F.] 1965:1, 2 Figs. [Novedades Cientificas, Contribuciones Ocasionales del Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Serie Zoológica No. 33; ref. 9020] Bahía de Charagato, Isla Cubagua, Venezuela, 10.825°, -64.165°, depth 5 meters. Holotype: MOBR--EDIMAR P-880 [MHNLS]. Paratypes: MOBR-EDMIR P-881 (9), UPRM 2435 (2). Type catalog: Lasso et al. 1999:110 [ref. 33859]. •Valid as Emblemariopsis randalli Cervigón 1965 -- (Cervigón 1994:105 [ref. 24488], Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Tyler & Tyler 1999:4 [ref. 23949], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2005:191 [ref. 28938], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Victor 2020:61 [ref. 38038]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis randalli Cervigón 1965. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuelan coast. Habitat: marine.

resh, Chaenopsis Robins [C. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 1965:222, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 117 (no. 6); ref. 9249] Charahado Bay, Cubagua Island, Venezuela, depth 15 feet. Holotype: ANSP 102730. Paratypes: ANSP 102731 (1, allotype), ANSP 102732 (1), MOBR--EDIMAR-P-1196 (1), UF 217219 [ex UMML 17219] (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621], Lasso et al. 1999:110 [ref. 33859]. •Valid as Chaenopsis resh Robins & Randall 1965 -- (Cervigón 1994:106 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz 2000:918 [ref. 25062], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis resh Robins & Randall 1965. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Caribbean Sea, northern Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: marine.

rivasi, Acanthemblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1970:308, Fig. 15 [Copeia 1970 (no. 2); ref. 6994] Small cave as Portete, Puerto Limon, Costa Rica. Holotype: USNM 203818 [ex UMIM 6104]. Paratypes: UF [ex UMML publ. as 22311] (2); plus 1 non-type. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:9 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria rivasi Stephens 1970 -- (Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974:208 [ref. 7151], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Hastings & Robertson 1999:108 [ref. 23826], Hastings & Robertson 1999:35 [ref. 24283], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2005:184 [ref. 28938], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Hastings et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37662], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38844]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria rivasi Stephens 1970. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

rosenblatti, Coralliozetus Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1963:64, Pl. 4 (fig. 3), Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 68; ref. 4270] Bahía Coyote in Bahía Conceptión, Gulf of California, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 196675. Paratypes: USNM 196676 (10, not 11). Additional material: SIO (12 lots, 269); CAS-SU (2 lots, 2); UCLA (4 lots, 6). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:9 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Coralliozetus rosenblatti Stephens 1963 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:244 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:98 [ref. 24545], Thomson et al. 2000:225 [ref. 25640], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2012:59 [ref. 31965], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Hastings 2021:299 [ref. 38129], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Coralliozetus rosenblatti Stephens 1963. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico), and Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

roseola, Chaenopsis Hastings [P. A.] & Shipp [R. L.] 1981:876, Figs. 1-3 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 93 (no. 4); ref. 8594] About 35 kilometers south-southwest of Fort Walton Beach, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, 30°07'N, 86°45'W, depth 24-28 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 221167 [ex USAIC 3661]. Paratypes: AMNH 86269-73 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1); ANSP 143748-49 (1, 1); FMNH 83918 [ex AMNH 86270] (1); GCRL 16893-94 (1, 1); LACM 38701-1 (1); Univ. Alabama 5948.01 (1); UF 27444-45 [ex UWF 3471-42] (1, 1); Univ. So. Alabama 6271 (1); USNM 221168 (3, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:21 [ref. 12367], Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621], Springer & Orrell 1996:9 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Chaenopsis roseola Hastings & Shipp 1981 -- (Boschung 1992:159 [ref. 23239], Smith-Vaniz 2000:918 [ref. 25062], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:615 [ref. 28815], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis roseola Hastings & Shipp 1981. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: North Carolina, Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

rubraurea, Acanthemblemaria Fowler [H. W.] 1944:292, Fig. 254 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Saboga, Perlas Islands, (Pacific) Panama. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70078. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Acanthemblemaria hancocki Myers & Reid 1936. Current status: Synonym of Acanthemblemaria hancocki Myers & Reid 1936. Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

ruetzleri, Emblemariopsis Tyler [D. M.] & Tyler [J. C.] 1997:25, Figs. 1-5 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 110 (no. 1); ref. 22715] Hole in dead coral, spur and groove formation just east of Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, 16.8025°, -88.0818°, depth 5 meters. Holotype: USNM 337496. Paratypes: ANSP 173572-74 (1, 1, 2); USNM 325489-91 (1, 1, 2), 337497-99 (1, 1, 5), 337500-08 (1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1), 337509 (1, c&s), 337510 (2, c&s), 341534-37 (1, 1, 1, 2). •Valid as Emblemariopsis ruetzleri Tyler & Tyler 1997 -- (Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27621], Tyler & Hastings 2004:58 [ref. 27611], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Lobel & Lobel 2011:50 [ref. 31774], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:71 [ref. 33341], Victor 2020:77 [ref. 38038], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis ruetzleri Tyler & Tyler 1997. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: central Caribbean. Habitat: marine.

sandae, Mccoskerichthys Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1978:5, Figs. 1-2 [Contributions in Science (Los Angeles) No. 293; ref. 3810] 1.4 mile northwest of Isla del Caño, Costa Rica, eastern Pacific, depth 21-24 meters. Holotype: LACM 32551-34. Paratypes: LACM 32551-35 (403); SIO 70-358 (9), 71-37 (2), 71-51 (6), 71-54 (1), 75-404 (255); USNM 212059 [ex SIO 70-358] (3, 2 c&s), 214706 (20, 2 c&s [not 10]). Additional material: LACM 32551-36 (40), 32551-37 (80), 32551-38 (19); UCR; USNM 270280 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:9 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Mccoskerichthys sandae Rosenblatt & Stephens 1978 -- (Hastings & Springer 1994:38 [ref. 21894], Allen & Robertson 1994:248 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Mccoskerichthys sandae Rosenblatt & Stephens 1978. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

satiricus, Neoclinus Girard [C. F.] 1859:57 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1821] Monterey Bay, California, U.S.A., depth 30 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 7884. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:9 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Neoclinus blanchardi Girard 1858. Current status: Synonym of Neoclinus blanchardi Girard 1858. Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

schmitti, Chaenopsis Böhlke [J. E.] 1957:94 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 109; ref. 599] Isabela Island [Albemarle Island], Galápagos Islands. Holotype: USNM 101957. Paratypes: USNM 101948 (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:9-10 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Chaenopsis schmitti Böhlke 1957 -- (Stephens 1963:99 [ref. 4270], Allen & Robertson 1994:243 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:540 [ref. 24023], Herrera & Lavenberg 2002:10 [ref. 25975], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:194 [ref. 30957], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis schmitti Böhlke 1957. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Galápagos Islands and Cocos Island. Habitat: marine.

signifer, Emblemaria Ginsburg [I.] 1942:367 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 32 (no. 12); ref. 13203] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 119877. Paratypes: USNM 83144 (1). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:10 [ref. 22274]. The name signifer is a noun and should not be declined (on J. Williams email, 4/14/09). •Valid as Pseudemblemaria signifer (Ginsburg 1942) -- (Stephens 1963:67 [ref. 4270]). •Valid as Emblemariopsis signifer (Ginsburg 1942) [often seen as signifera] -- (Greenfield & Johnson 1981:65 [ref. 5580], Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Rocha & Rosa 2001:991 [ref. 25909] as cf. signifera, Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:96 [ref. 27192], Tyler & Hastings 2004:58 [ref. 27611], Smith et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396] as signifera, Victor 2010:2 [ref. 31107], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Pinheiro et al. 2015:29 [ref. 34324], Victor 2020:57 [ref. 38038], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:292 [ref. 38945] as signifera, Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463] as signifera, Carvalho-Filho 2023:227 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis signifer (Ginsburg 1942). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic: Maranhão to Santa Catarina (Brazil) endemic, including offshore islands. Habitat: marine.

simulus, Hemiemblemaria Longley [W. H.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1940:273, Pl. 1 (figs. 2a-2b) [Papers Tortugas Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington v. 32; ref. 2822] Tortugas, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 108889. Paratypes: USNM 108890 (4 of 5). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:10 [ref. 22274]. Species epithet emended to simula when in Hemiemblemaria. •Valid as Hemiemblemaria simulus Longley & Hildebrand 1940 -- (Stephens 1963:96 [ref. 4270], Greenfield & Johnson 1981:66 [ref. 5580], Robins & Ray 1986:223 [ref. 23100], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:621 [ref. 28815], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396]). •Valid as Hemiemblemaria simula Longley & Hildebrand 1940 -- (Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Hemiemblemaria simula Longley & Hildebrand 1940. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

spinosa, Acanthemblemaria Metzelaar [J.] 1919:159, Fig. 53 [Report on the fishes; ref. 2982] Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. Holotype (unique): ZMA 102156. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:93 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Acanthemblemaria spinosa Metzelaar 1919 -- (Stephens 1963:41 [ref. 4270], Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974:206 [ref. 7151], Greenfield & Johnson 1981:55 [ref. 5580], Hastings 1990:725 [ref. 22888], Cervigón 1994:102 [ref. 24488], Almany & Baldwin 1996:426 [ref. 22526], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2005:183 [ref. 28938], Garrido & Varela 2008:29 [ref. 29606], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:171 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:70 [ref. 33341], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:72 [ref. 39585], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:112 [ref. 40726], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria spinosa Metzelaar 1919. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: including Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.

springeri, Coralliozetus Stephens [J. S., Jr.] & Johnson [R. K.] in Stephens, Hobson & Johnson 1966:435, Fig. 8 [Copeia 1966 (no. 3); ref. 9071] West part of harbor at Bahia Piñas, Panama, depth 20-30 feet. Holotype: ANSP 103208. Paratypes: ANSP 102327-28 (25, 1), 102330-31 (6, 1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Coralliozetus springeri Stephens & Johnson 1966 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:245 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Lasso-Alcalá et al. 2012:59 [ref. 31965], Hastings 2021:299 [ref. 38129]). Current status: Valid as Coralliozetus springeri Stephens & Johnson 1966. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

stephensae, Neoclinus Hubbs [Clark L.] 1953:15, Fig. 12 [Copeia 1953 (no. 1); ref. 12698] Off the eastern coast of South Coronado Island, Baja California, Mexico, depth 10 fathoms. Holotype: CAS-SU 16331. Paratypes: CAS-SU 22518 (1), TNHC 2007 (1), USNM 160617 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:98 [ref. 12291], Springer & Orrell 1996:10 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Neoclinus stephensae Hubbs 1953 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:244 [ref. 9277], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Kells et al. 2016:300 [ref. 35888], Burton & Lea 2019:89 [ref. 37205], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus stephensae Hubbs 1953. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: central California (U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of central Baja California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

stephensi, Acanthemblemaria Rosenblatt [R. H.] & McCosker [J. E.] 1988:104, Figs. 1, 2A-B [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 45 (no. 7); ref. 6383] Isla de Malpelo, Colombia. Holotype: SIO 72-97 [not 79]. Paratypes: CAS 31542 (4); SIO 72-96 (17), 72-97 (37). •Valid as Acanthemblemaria stephensi Rosenblatt & McCosker 1988 -- (Hastings 1990:728 [ref. 22888], Allen & Robertson 1994:241 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], Hastings & Robertson 1999:110 [ref. 23826], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Acanthemblemaria stephensi Rosenblatt & McCosker 1988. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

stephensi, Chaenopsis Robins [C. R.] & Randall [J. E.] 1965:224, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 117 (no. 6); ref. 9249] West end of Cubagua Island, Venezuela, 10°49'25"N, 64°16'00"W, depth 2 fathoms. Holotype (unique): LACM 21057 [ex AHF 2774]. Based on Chaenopsis sp. B of Caldwell & Caldwell 1964, Allan Hancock Atlantic Exped. Rep. 10: 34, 49. •Valid as Chaenopsis stephensi Robins & Randall 1965 -- (Cervigón 1994:107 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz 2000:918 [ref. 25062], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Williams 2003:1766 [ref. 27109], Patzner et al. 2009:469 [ref. 30396], Tavera 2021:7 [ref. 38378], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Chaenopsis stephensi Robins & Randall 1965. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: southern Caribbean. Habitat: marine.

tayrona, Coralliozetus Acero P. [A.] 1987:14, Fig. 1 [Boletin Ecotrópica. No. 16; ref. 16150] Santa Marta, Punta de Betín, Colombia, depth 0 - 1 meter. Holotype: ANSP 150876. Paratypes: (22) INVEMAR-P 0755 (1), 0756 (2), 0757 (1), 0758 (3), 0759 (3), 0760 (4); Museo del Mar MM 5072 PEC 1456 (1); UF 229972 [ex UMML 29972] (1), 234185 [ex UMML 34185] (4), 234186 [ex UMML 34186] (2). •Valid as Emblemariopsis tayrona (Acero P. 1987) -- (Hastings 1997:758 [ref. 23518], Tyler & Tyler 1997:25 [ref. 22715], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Tyler & Hastings 2004:58 [ref. 27611], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Victor 2010:19 [ref. 31107], Victor 2020:32 [ref. 38038]). Current status: Valid as Emblemariopsis tayrona (Acero P. 1987). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Colombia to Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago, Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least concern (as Emblemariopsis tayrona). Habitat: marine.

tortugae, Emblemaria Hildebrand [S. F.] 1946:404, Fig. 78 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Tortuga Bay, Peru. Holotype: USNM 128221. Paratypes: USNM 128222 (1). Non-types: possibly in USNM 119852, 1 specimen (missing paratype of E. hudsoni) questionably included. Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:10 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Emblemaria hudsoni Evermann & Radcliffe 1917 -- (Stephens 1963:79 [ref. 4270]). •Valid as Emblemaria tortugae Hildebrand 1946 -- (Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:252 [ref. 24555]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria tortugae Hildebrand 1946. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

toshimaensis, Neoclinus Fukao [R.] 1980:179, Fig. 1 A [Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory v. 25 (no. 1/4); ref. 5257] Rocky reef of Toshima, mouth of Tanabe Bay, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, depth 2 meters. Holotype: FAKU 48522. Paratypes: FAKU 48226 (1), 48523-24 (3, 1), 48924 (4), 48932 (1), 48934 (2), 48953 (1), 49484-85 (6, 2), 49506-07 (2, 3), 49513 (6). •Valid as Neoclinus toshimaensis Fukao 1980 -- (Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:295 [ref. 6441], Fukao & Okazaki 1990:243 [ref. 19210], Nakabo 2000:1088 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1088 [ref. 26193], Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus toshimaensis Fukao 1980. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Japan. Habitat: marine.

uninotatus, Neoclinus Hubbs [Clark L.] 1953:18, Figs. 13-14 [Copeia 1953 (no. 1); ref. 12698] Newport Bay, California, U.S.A. Holotype: CAS-SU 16332. Paratypes: CAS 7414 (1), 7557 (1); CAS-SU 1445 (1), 2285 (8), 23022 (1); SIO 14-175 (1) (ex UCLA W50-13); TNHC 436 (2, now 1); UCLA W49-113 (?), 435 & W50-72, 73 (6), UCLA W51-214 (1); USNM 6654 (1), 26883 (2), 26942 (2), 27179 (now 1), 31176 (1), 31209 (1), 31231 (1), 75158 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:98 [ref. 12291], Springer & Orrell 1996:10 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Neoclinus uninotatus Hubbs 1953 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:244 [ref. 9277], Nelson et al. 2004:166 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:471 [ref. 30396], Love et al. 2005:157 [ref. 37547], Murase et al. 2010:66 [ref. 30997], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Kells et al. 2016:300 [ref. 35888], Burton & Lea 2019:89 [ref. 37205], Love et al. 2021:200 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:157 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Neoclinus uninotatus Hubbs 1953. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: northern California (U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of northern Baja California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

variegata, Acanthemblemaria Beebe [W.] & Tee-Van [J.] 1928:247, Fig. [Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 15836] Lamentin Reef, Port-au-Prince Bay, Haiti, West Indies, depth 2 feet. Holotype: USNM 170569 [ex NYZS 7464]. Paratypes: USNM 179570 [ex NYZS 7098, 7195B, 7261, 7261a, 7278, 7278a, 7454] (9). Type catalog: Mead 1958:131 [ref. 20648], Springer & Orrell 1996:10-11 [ref. 22274]. •Synonym of Acanthemblemaria spinosa Metzelaar 1919 -- (Stephens 1963:41 [ref. 4270], Smith-Vaniz & Palacio 1974:206 [ref. 7151]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthemblemaria spinosa Metzelaar 1919. Chaenopsidae. Habitat: marine.

vitta, Emblemaria Williams [J. T.] 2002:15, Fig. 4 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 26522] Just south of Northwest Point on shelf off western side of island, Navassa Island, depth 26-32 meters. Holotype: USNM 367202. Paratypes: USNM 296362 (1). •Valid as Emblemaria vitta Williams 2002 -- (Collette et al. 2003:121 [ref. 26784], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria vitta Williams 2002. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Belize; Navassa Island; Saint Eustatius (Caribbean Sea). Habitat: marine.

walkeri, Emblemaria Stephens [J. S., Jr.] 1963:81, Pl. 9 (fig. 1-2). [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 68; ref. 4270] Puerto Refugio (Angel Island), start at 29°31'N, 113°37'W, Gulf of California, Mexico, depth 14-20 fathoms. Holotype: CAS-SU 58484. Paratypes: UCLA 53-73 (4), USNM 196679 (2), CAS-SU 58483 (2). Additional material: AHF (2 lots, 5), SIO (1 lot, 1), CAS-SU (2 lots, 3), UCLA (3 lots, 10), USNM (1 lot, 2). Type catalog: Springer & Orrell 1996:11 [ref. 22274]. •Valid as Emblemaria walkeri Stephens 1963 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:248 [ref. 22193], Hastings in Fischer et al. 1995:999 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:100 [ref. 24545], Nelson et al. 2004:165 [ref. 27807], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Page et al. 2013:172 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:156 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Emblemaria walkeri Stephens 1963. Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: marine.

zingaro, Lucaya Böhlke [J. E.] 1957:84, Pl. 5 (fig. 1); Fig. 2 (right) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 109; ref. 599] Green Cay, Bahamas, 25°07'00"N, 77°11'15"W, depth to 35 feet. Holotype: ANSP 74932. Paratypes: ANSP 74933 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:41 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Lucayablennius zingaro (Böhlke 1957) -- (Greenfield & Johnson 1981:66 [ref. 5580], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:166 [ref. 27754], Williams 2003:1767 [ref. 27109], Smith et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27621], Dennis et al. 2004:80 [ref. 31601], Patzner et al. 2009:470 [ref. 30396], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:71 [ref. 33341], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:77 [ref. 38844]). Current status: Valid as Lucayablennius zingaro (Böhlke 1957). Chaenopsidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.