Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Clariidae: [ 234 ] records

abbreviatus, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:386 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Macao, China. Syntypes: MNHN A-9592 (2, poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:46 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias abbreviatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860]). •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Clarias abbreviatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Kottelat 2013:242 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Valid as Clarias abbreviatus Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Distribution: East Asia: Macao (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

abdulkalami, Horaglanis Babu [K. K. S.] 2012:52, Fig. 1, Pl. 1 [Samagra v. 8 (no. 5); ref. 32286] Cava, Irinjalakuda, Trichur District, Kerala, 10°20'47.50"N, 76°12'03.50"E, India, dugout well at 10.2 meters. Holotype: MBM/F/16/10. Paratype: (3, uncat). •Valid as Horaglanis abdulkalami Babu 2012 -- (Raghavan et al. 2023:61 [ref. 39892]). Current status: Valid as Horaglanis abdulkalami Babu 2012. Clariidae. Distribution: South Asia: lateritic aquifer systems in Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

aboinensis, Clarias (Clarioides) Sydenham [D. H. J.] & Olawoye [O. F.] 1981:234, Fig. 1 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 95 (no. 1); ref. 8537] Ugbenu market, near Ologbo, Bendel State, 6°05'N, 5°42'E, Nigeria. Holotype: BMNH 1980.5.12.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1911.3.30.9 (1), 1980.5.12.2 (1); MRAC 80-17-P-1 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909 -- (Teugels 1986:87 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:55 [ref. 12548], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:482 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

agboyiensis, Clarias (Clarioides) Sydenham [D. H. J.] 1980:660, Figs. 1-2 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 94 (no. 3); ref. 8655] Agboyi Creek, tributary of Ogun River, Lagos State, 6°36'N, 5°24'E, southwestern Nigeria. Holotype: BMNH 1959.8.18.66. Paratypes: BMNH 1959.8.18.67-69 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias agboyiensis Sydenham 1980 -- (Teugels 1986:69 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Paugy & Bénech 1989:302 [ref. 26478], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:487 [ref. 21590], Dankwa et al. 1999:36 [ref. 28023], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Agnèse & Teugels 2005:552 [ref. 28553], Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:679 [ref. 30030]). Current status: Valid as Clarias agboyiensis Sydenham 1980. Clariidae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Ghana to Nigeria. Habitat: freshwater.

alboperca, Tanganikallabes Wright [J. J.] & Bailey [R. M.] 2012:129, Figs. 3B & E, 4B, 5B, 9-10, 11B [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 165; ref. 31953] East side of Nyika Bay, north side of Nkumbula Island, Zambia, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: UMMZ 199936. Paratypes: many at MRAC, SAIAB and UMMZ. •Valid as Tanganikallabes alboperca Wright & Bailey 2012. Current status: Valid as Tanganikallabes alboperca Wright & Bailey 2012. Clariidae. Distribution: East Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

albopunctatus, Clarias Nichols [J. T.] & LaMonte [F. R.] 1953:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 1648; ref. 12710] Kotto River, about 225 miles north of Bangassou, about 9°N, 23°E, Central African Republic. Holotype: AMNH 19840. Paratypes: AMNH 19674 (5). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias albopunctatus Nichols & LaMonte 1953 -- (Teugels 1986:70 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:94 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:485 [ref. 21590], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:548 [ref. 25239], Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias albopunctatus Nichols & LaMonte 1953. Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Chad, Benue River and central Congo River. Habitat: freshwater.

alikunhii, Horaglanis Babu [K. K. S.] & Nayar [C. K. G.] 2004:296, Fig. 1A-E [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 101 (pt 2); ref. 28035] Water well at Parappukara, 10°13'N, 76°15'E, Trichur District, Kerala State, India, 8.5 meters depth underground. Holotype (unique): ZSI (WGRS) CLT. No. V/F 13137. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:152 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Horaglanis alikunhii Babu & Nayar 2004 -- (Proudlove 2006:126 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:152 [ref. 29155], Vincent & Thomas 2011:164 [ref. 31270], Babu 2012:51 [ref. 32286], Raghavan et al. 2023:62 [ref. 39892]). Current status: Valid as Horaglanis alikunhii Babu & Nayar 2004. Clariidae. Distribution: South Asia: lateritic aquifer systems in Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

alluaudi, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:437 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 49); ref. 574] Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza]. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.5.30.159. Paralectotypes: (4) BMNH 1905.12.11.3 (1) Kavirondo Bay, 1906.5.30.159-160 (2) Bunjaki, 1906.5.30.161 (1) Entebbe, ?MNHN 1904-0193 to 0196 (4) Kavirondo Bay. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:46 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155] Lectotype selected by Teugels 1986:70 [ref. 6193] if not earlier. •Valid as Clarias alluaudi Boulenger 1906 -- (Teugels 1986:70 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:120 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Seegers 1996:201 [ref. 23725], De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Seegers et al. 2003:37 [ref. 28087], Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155], Kullander & Roberts 2012:361 [ref. 31751], Akoth et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40069]). Current status: Valid as Clarias alluaudi Boulenger 1906. Clariidae. Distribution: East Africa: lakes and basins. Habitat: freshwater.

alvarezi, Gymnallabes Roman [B.] 1971:5, Fig. 1 [Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada Barcelona v. 49 [1970]; ref. 7780] Kie River, near Ebebiyin, Numi River, Republic of Equatorial Guinea. Holotype: IBAB. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Gymnallabes alvarezi Roman 1971 -- (Teugels 1986:97 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:199 [ref. 24781], Devaere et al. 2004:108 [ref. 27507], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Channallabes alvarezi (Roman 1971) -- (Devaere et al. 2007:102 [ref. 29166], Teugels et al. 2007:661 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:150 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Channallabes alvarezi (Roman 1971). Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Rio Kie (Equatorial Guinea); Woleu River (Gabon). Habitat: freshwater.

amplexicauda, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:36, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 2 (fasc. 2); ref. 562] Ubangi River at Banzyville, Democratic Republic of Congo, about 4°18'N, 21°11'E. Holotype (unique): MRAC 1158. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias theodorae Weber 1897 -- (Teugels 1986:94 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias theodorae Weber 1897. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

anfractus, Clarias Ng [H. H.] 1999:18, Figs. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 47 (no. 1); ref. 23892] Danum valley, forest stream 600 meters into conservation area, tributary of Sungai Segama, Sabah, Borneo, eastern Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 42598. Paratypes: FMNH 68095-96 (2, 1), ZRC 43392 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:38 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias anfractus Ng 1999 -- (Ng 2001:159 [ref. 25460], Sudarto et al. 2003:153 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1582 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:242 [ref. 32989], Wilkinson & Tan 2018:602 [ref. 36226]). Current status: Valid as Clarias anfractus Ng 1999. Clariidae. Distribution: Northern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

angolensis, Clarias Steindachner [F.] 1866:766, Pl. 13 (figs. 4-7) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 18789] Angola. Holotype (unique): NMW 46891. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866 -- (Sydenham 1978:352 [ref. 22253], Teugels 1986:71 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Benech et al. 1993:83 [ref. 22337], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:683 [ref. 30030], Hanssens 2009:32 [ref. 30167], Skelton 2019:227 [ref. 36564], Skelton 2019:229 [ref. 36564], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:151 [ref. 39448], Walsh et al. 2022:[6] [ref. 39281], Bernt & Stiassny 2022:13 [ref. 39552]). Current status: Valid as Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: central Congo River system (Gabon, Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola). Habitat: freshwater.

anguillaris, Mystus Meuschen [F. C.] 1778:38 [ ref. 17682] Not available, published in a rejected work (Opinion 260). Unneeded replacement for Silurus anguillaris Linnaeus 1758. Based on the Clarias of Gronow 1763:100 [ref. 1910]. •In the synonymy of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae.

anguillaris, Silurus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:305 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Nile River, Egypt. Syntypes: NRM 71 (1). Type information: Teugels & Roberts 1987 [ref. 6479]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. See Ng & Kottelat 2008:728 [ref. 29755] for information on syntypes. Based on several pre-Linnaean sources, including the Silurus anguillaris of Hasselquist 1754:371 [ref. 30181], the Black fish of Russell 1756:73 [ref. 19817] from Aleppo (Syria), and the Silurus anguillaris in the manuscript of Linnaeus 1764:96 [ref. 2788]. •Valid as Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Teugels 1982:441 [ref. 27525], Teugels 1986:71 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:24 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy & Bénech 1989:302 [ref. 26478], Lévêque 1990:43 [ref. 19786], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:481 [ref. 21590], Bakhoum 1994:191 [ref. 24734], Poll & Gosse 1995:195 [ref. 24781], Agnèse et al. 1997:1143 [ref. 26486], Dankwa et al. 1999:36 [ref. 28023], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:548 [ref. 25239], Agnèse & Teugels 2005:552 [ref. 28553], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:679 [ref. 30030], Aken'Ova 2007:46 [ref. 30481], Fricke 2008:18 [ref. 30182], Neumann et al. 2016:306 [ref. 35036], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Distribution: Widespread in northern Africa. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater.

apus, Gymnallabes Günther [A.] 1873:142 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 68) (art. 19); ref. 2003] Interior of Ambriz, Angola. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1873.7.28.16. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Channallabes apus (Günther 1873) -- (Teugels 1986:66 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:199 [ref. 24781], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:549 [ref. 25239], Proudlove 2006:268 [ref. 28992], Devaere et al. 2007:20 [ref. 29165], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:659 [ref. 30030], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:150 [ref. 39448], Walsh et al. 2022:[6] [ref. 39281]). Current status: Valid as Channallabes apus (Günther 1873). Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Loémé River system (Republic of Congo) and Congo River basin; Gabon; Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

assamensis, Clarias Day [F.] 1877:485 [The fishes of India Part 3; ref. 4886] Upper and lower Assam, India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.7485 (1, syntype) Assam, ZSI F1268 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:158 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:294 [ref. 25110], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Synonym of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:684 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:260 [ref. 24904]). •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias magur (Hamilton 1922) -- (Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias magur (Hamilton 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ater, Cossyphus McClelland [J.] 1843:403, Pl. 22 (fig. 3) [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 4 (no. 4) (for 1844); ref. 2927] Chusan, China. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarius magur (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Uncertain as Clarias magur (Hamilton 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

atribranchus, Dinotopterus Greenwood [P. H.] 1961:228 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 9355] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1960.2.29.17. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus atribranchus Greenwood 1961 -- (Teugels 1986:95 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Bathyclarias atribranchus (Greenwood 1961) -- (Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111]). Current status: Valid as Bathyclarias atribranchus (Greenwood 1961). Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

attemsi, Allabenchelys Holly [M.] 1927:202, Fig. 2 [Sitzungsberichte, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 136 (Abt. 1) (nos 5-6); ref. 2189] Cameroon [no additional information]. Holotype (unique): NMW 7897. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Bogutskaya et al. 2022:54 [ref. 39277]. •Valid as Clariallabes attemsi (Holly 1927) -- (Teugels 1986:66 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:671 [ref. 30030]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes attemsi (Holly 1927). Clariidae. Distribution: West Africa: Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

baculum, Encheloclarias Ng [P. K. L.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:27, Fig. 5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 20827] Probably Kalimantan Barat, Sambas, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1863.12.4.162. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Encheloclarias baculum Ng & Lim 1993 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:165 [ref. 22901], Ng & Tan 2000:537 [ref. 25044], Parenti & Lim 2005:192 [ref. 28285], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155], Ng 2012:132 [ref. 32295], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Tan et al. 2023:204 [ref. 40060], Tan et al. 2023:238 [ref. 40061]). Current status: Valid as Encheloclarias baculum Ng & Lim 1993. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Brunei, Sarawak and Sambas, West Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

batrachus, Silurus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:305 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Java, vicinity of Bandung, Indonesia. Neotype: NRM 54718. Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:219-220 [ref. 20707] but type is lost -- see Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. Types lost; neotype selected by Ng & Kottelat 2008:729 [ref. 29755]. See van Oijen et al. 2009:296 [ref. 30423]. Some references do not apply to this species. •Valid as Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Shrestha 1978:39 [ref. 15970], Lee et al. 1980:475 [ref. 22416], Ni & Wu in Kuang et al. 1986:168 [ref. 26639], Roberts 1989:127 [ref. 6439] with question, Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ataur Rahman 1989:164 [ref. 24860], Zheng et al. 1989:274 [ref. 21202], Page & Burr 1991:210 [ref. 18983], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:684 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:77 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:242 [ref. 23210], Sen 1995:578 [ref. 23778], Zhu 1995:143 [ref. 25213], Rainboth 1996:163 [ref. 22772], Banik & Choudhury 1996:579 [ref. 24736], Vu & Nguyen 1997:27 [ref. 26438], Kottelat 1998:104 [ref. 23436], Nath 1998:518 [ref. 24990], Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Ng & Tan 1999:362 [ref. 24159], Teugels et al. 1999:286 [ref. 24246], Menon 1999:260 [ref. 24904], Fuller et al. 1999:209 [ref. 25838], Tan & Ng 1999:291 [ref. 24254], Freyhof et al. 2000:96 [ref. 25184], Karmakar 2000:34 [ref. 25662], Allen et al. 2000:157 [ref. 27467], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Ng 2001:159 [ref. 25460], Kottelat 2001:140 [ref. 25780], Ng 2003:2, 7 [ref. 27067], Sudarto et al. 2003:153 [ref. 27238], Yadav 2003:21 [ref. 27711], Ataur Rahman 2003:183 [ref. 31338], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Nelson et al. 2004:82 [ref. 27807], Ng 2004:290 [ref. 27992], Jayaram 2006:304 [ref. 28762], Scharpf 2006:19 [ref. 30386], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Shrestha 2008:194 [ref. 29923], Ng & Kottelat 2008:726 [ref. 29755], Allen et al. 2008:194 [ref. 30265], Minckley & Marsh 2009:227 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:369 [ref. 31215], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1582 [ref. 31220], Page et al. 2013:82 [ref. 32708], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Kottelat 2013:242 [ref. 32989], Ng & Kottelat 2014:443 [ref. 33579] as aff. batrachus, Lee & Sulaiman 2015:182 [ref. 33816], Kottelat 2015:46 [ref. 33971], Miesen et al. 2016:82 [ref. 34492], Labatos 2017:3 [ref. 36239], Sulaiman et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35802], Robins et al. 2018:149 [ref. 35886], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37108], Ng et al. 2019:531 [ref. 36606] as aff. batrachus, Fu et al. 2021:9571 [ref. 39347], Çiçek et al. 2022:5 [ref. 38985], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[6] [ref. 39245] as cf. batrachus, Low et al. 2022:392 [ref. 39370], Ahmad et al. 2023:116 [ref. 41243], Çiçek et al. 2023:420 [ref. 40625], Jamandre 2023:174 [ref. 40455], Page et al. 2023:78 [ref. 40505], Çiçek et al. 2024:280 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia. Known definitely only from river drainages in Java (according to Ng & Kottelat 2008); introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

batu, Clarias Lim [K. K. P.] & Ng [H. H.] 1999:157, Figs. 1, 2, 4a, 5a, 7 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. No. 6; ref. 23893] Sungai Baharu, on right side of Tekek-Juara trail, towards Juara, Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 40087. Paratypes: BMNH 1997.2.4.7-8 (2), CAS 90501 (1), CMK 13010 (1), RMNH 33019 (1), UKML uncat. (2), ZRC 40088-89 (8, 9); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:38 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias batu Lim & Ng 1999 -- (Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Ng 2001:159 [ref. 25460], Ng 2003:6 [ref. 27067], Sudarto et al. 2003:153 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Ng 2004:293 [ref. 27992], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1582 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:242 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias batu Lim & Ng 1999. Clariidae. Distribution: Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

bidorsalis, Heterobranchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.] 1809:[328], Pls. 16 (figs. 2, 5), 17 (figs. 8-9) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4182] Nile River. Holotype: MNHN (skeleton). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. The page number is from a different edition. •Valid as Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809 -- (Teugels 1986:98 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:471 [ref. 21590], Poll & Gosse 1995:191 [ref. 24781], Dankwa et al. 1999:35 [ref. 28023], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:548 [ref. 25239], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155], Neumann et al. 2016:306 [ref. 35036]). Current status: Valid as Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809. Clariidae. Distribution: Northern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Heterobranchus Pellegrin [J.] 1922:274 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 10; ref. 15367] Lukonzolwa River, Congo System. Syntypes: MRAC 14763-64 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared in Pellegrin 1928:43 [ref. 3411]. •Valid as Heterobranchus boulengeri Pellegrin 1922 -- (Teugels 1986:99 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:191 [ref. 24781], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:548 [ref. 25239], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Heterobranchus boulengeri Pellegrin 1922. Clariidae. Distribution: Central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

brachysoma, Clarias Günther [A.] 1864:20 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Sri Lanka. Syntypes: BMNH 1859.5.31.6-8 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias dussumieri Valenciennes 1840, but a valid subspecies brachysoma Günther 1864 -- (Jayaram 2006:306 [ref. 28762]). •Questionably valid as Clarias brachsoma Günther 1864 -- (Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Clarias brachysoma Günther 1864 -- (Pethiyagoda 1991:160 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:685 [ref. 20764], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1582 [ref. 31220]). Current status: Valid as Clarias brachysoma Günther 1864. Clariidae. Distribution: Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

brevibarbis, Clariallabes Pellegrin [J.] 1913:272 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 38 (no. 9); ref. 14970] Ogôoué River at Ngomo, Gabon. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1913-0265. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:47 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes brevibarbis Pellegrin 1913 -- (Teugels 1986:66 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:669 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:151 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes brevibarbis Pellegrin 1913. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Ogowe River (Gabon) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

breviceps, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1900:135, Pl. 48 (fig. 6) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 6); ref. 555] Siala Ntoto swamp, Mayumbé, West Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.11.27.93 (1), MRAC 271 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Teugels 1986:76 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevinuchalis, Clarias Lönnberg [E.] & Rendahl [H.] 1922:123, Fig. 2 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 10 (no. 55); ref. 15352] Upper Congo. Holotype: NRM 46891. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866 -- (Teugels 1986:71 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Bernt & Stiassny 2022:14 [ref. 39552] with question). Current status: Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevior, Allabenchelys Boulenger [G. A.] 1903:439 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 70) (art. 42); ref. 15018] Ja River, southern Cameroon. Syntypes: BMNH 1903.7.28.194-195 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clariallabes longicauda (Boulenger 1902) -- (Teugels 1986:67 [ref. 6193], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clariallabes longicauda (Boulenger 1902). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

budgetti, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1900:513 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900 (pt 3) (art. 4); ref. 14716] Gambia River, western Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1901.7.17.4-6 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Teugels 1986:73 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:24 [ref. 12548], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:481 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

buettikoferi, Clarias Steindachner [F.] 1894:53, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 16 (nos 1-2, art. 1); ref. 4237] Buluma, Liberia. Holotype (unique): RMNH (whereabouts unknwn). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. Species originally spelled as büttikoferi. Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 12548] is first reviser selecting buettikoferi over bulumae and liberiensis. •Valid as Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894 -- (Teugels 1986:73 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:486 [ref. 21590], Agnèse & Teugels 2005:552 [ref. 28553], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894. Clariidae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Ivory Coast to Guinea Bissau. Habitat: freshwater.

bulumae, Clarias Steindachner [F.] 1894:55 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 16 (nos 1-2, art. 1); ref. 4237] Buluma, Liberia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 3340. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894 -- (Teugels 1986:74 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 12548], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:486 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

buthupogon, Clarias Sauvage [H.-E.] 1879:96 [7] [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 3; ref. 3881] Ogooué River at Doumé, Gabon. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-0896. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. On p. 7 of separate. •Valid as Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879 -- (Teugels 1986:74 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:80 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Paugy & Bénech 1989:302 [ref. 26478], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:486 [ref. 21590], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Agnèse & Teugels 2005:552 [ref. 28553], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:681 [ref. 30030], Hanssens 2009:31 [ref. 30167], Skelton 2019:229, 234 [ref. 36564], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:151 [ref. 39448], Bernt & Stiassny 2022:13 [ref. 39552], Abwe et al. 2023:31 [ref. 39992]). Current status: Valid as Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: coastal rivers from Nigeria to central and upper Congo River system (Central African Republic, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia and Angola). Habitat: freshwater.

cameronensis, Clarias Holly [M.] 1927:422, Fig. [Sitzungsberichte, Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 136 (Abt. 1) (nos. 9-10); ref. 15790] Sanaga River, Nachtigal Falls, 4°21'N 11°38'E, Cameroon. Holotype (unique): NMW 13374. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Bogutskaya et al. 2022:55 [ref. 39277]. Objectively invalid; apparently preoccupied by Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 and replaced by Clarias hollyi Pellegrin 1929:359 [ref. 15941]. •Synonym of Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909 -- (Teugels 1986:87 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:55 [ref. 12548], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:482 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

camerunensis, Clarias Lönnberg [E.] 1895:182 [Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar v. 52 (no. 3); ref. 14584] Cameroon. Lectotype: ZMUU 283 (largest). Paralectotypes: ZMUU 283 (smallest of 2). Type catalog: Wallin 1996:61 [ref. 32133], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548]. •Valid as Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Teugels 1986:75 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Paugy & Bénech 1989:303 [ref. 26478], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:492 [ref. 21590], Dankwa et al. 1999:36 [ref. 28023], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:689 [ref. 30030], Hanssens 2009:29 [ref. 30167], Skelton 2019:229 [ref. 36564], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:151 [ref. 39448], Walsh et al. 2022:[6] [ref. 39281]). Current status: Valid as Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Distribution: Western and western-central Africa: Togo south to Democratic Republic of Congo, including Congo River system. Habitat: freshwater.

capensis, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:377 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] "Cape of Good Hope," [but probably Orange River], South Africa. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9431 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:45 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:81 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Skelton & Teugels 1992:6 [ref. 20199], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

carsonii, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1903:362 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 69) (art. 35); ref. 15017] Fwambo, British Central Africa [Malawi]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1894.12.20.20. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898 -- (Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 6193], Seegers 1996:208 [ref. 23725], Seegers et al. 2003:38 [ref. 28087], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cataractus, Phagorus Fowler [H. W.] 1939:54, Figs. 1-3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91; ref. 17188] Waterfall at Trang, Thailand. Holotype (unique): ANSP 68462. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:59 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Prophagorus cataractus (Fowler 1939) -- (Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860]). •In genus Clarius based on placement of Prophagorus as a synonym of Clarias. •Valid as Clarias cataractus (Fowler 1939) -- (Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias leiacanthus Beeker 1851 -- (Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias cataractus (Fowler 1939). Clariidae. Distribution: Peninsular Thailand and (?) Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

cavernicola, Clarias Trewavas [E.] 1936:70, Pl. 2 (figs. 7-9) [Novitates Zoologicae. A Journal of Zoology in Connection with the Tring Museum v. 40; ref. 13752] Underground lake at Aigamas Cave, north of Otavi, about 19°25'S, 17°18'E, Namibia, southwestern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1935.3.20.174. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1935.3.20.175-178 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Teugels 1986:134 [ref. 12548]. •Valid as Clarias cavernicola Trewavas 1936 -- (Teugels 1986:76 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:134 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Skelton 1993:234 [ref. 24071], Bruton 1995:162 [ref. 22143], Romero & Paulson 2001:25 [ref. 26040], Skelton 2001:234 [ref. 27406], Proudlove 2006:123 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias cavernicola Trewavas 1936. Clariidae. Distribution: Caves of southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

centralis, Clarias Poll [M.] & Lambert [J. G.] 1958:334, Fig. [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 58 (nos 3-4); ref. 12102] Kunungu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 29659. Paratypes or additional material: MRAC (7). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:35 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes centralis (Poll & Lambert 1958) -- (Teugels 1986:67 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes centralis (Poll & Lambert 1958). Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: central Congo River system (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

charmuth, Macropteronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:84, 85 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Nile River. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. See Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155] for comments on status. •Status uncertain, synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758) or Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:71 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:79 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725]). •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

confluentus, Clarias Nichols [J. T.] & LaMonte [F. R.] 1933:3, Fig. 3 [American Museum Novitates No. 656; ref. 3187] Luluabourg [Kananga], Kasai Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): AMNH 12340. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866 -- (Teugels 1986:71 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Bernt & Stiassny 2022:14 [ref. 39552]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

congicus, Clarias Poll [M.] 1942:6, Figs. 2-3 [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 18 (no. 36); ref. 13179] Lake Tumba, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 57759. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:35 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gabonensis Günther 1867 -- (Teugels 1986:78 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:77 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gabonensis Günther 1867. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cunningtoni, Dinotopterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:550, Pl. 31 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 17 (pt 6, no. 1); ref. 573] Mpala, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.9.8.62 (1), 1906.9.8.63 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus cunningtoni Boulenger 1906 -- (Greenwood 1961:220 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:95 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:193 [ref. 24781], Anseaume & Teugels 1999:405 [ref. 24564], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Dinotopterus cunningtoni Boulenger 1906. Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Tanganyika, eastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

curtisoma, Encheloclarias Ng [P. K. L.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:32, Figs. 9-10 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 20827] Blackwater stream, peat swamp forest at 39 kilometer milestone on road to Tanjong Malim from Sungei Besar, Selangor, Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 14886. Paratypes: ZRC 14887-88 (2), 17356 (1), 29367-69 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:43 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Encheloclarias curtisoma Ng & Lim 1993 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:165 [ref. 22901], Ng & Tan 2000:537 [ref. 25044], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155], Ng 2012:132 [ref. 32295], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Tan et al. 2023:204 [ref. 40060], Tan et al. 2023:238 [ref. 40061]). Current status: Valid as Encheloclarias curtisoma Ng & Lim 1993. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Peninsular Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

curtus, Clarias (Clarioides) Matthes [H.] 1964:102, Pl. 4a [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 126; ref. 2911] Kululu River, Ikela region, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 138667. Paratypes: MRAC 138668-70 (6), 138680-91 (12), plus 3 more. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866 -- (Teugels 1986:71 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Bernt & Stiassny 2022:14 [ref. 39552]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dahomeyensis, Clarias Güntert [H.] 1938:296 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 124 (nos 11/12); ref. 17146] River at Porto Novo, Benin [Dahomey], western Africa. Syntypes: NMW 46922-23 (18, 9). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias ebriensis Pellegrin 1920 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1981:16 [ref. 21194], Teugels 1986:78 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:131 [ref. 12548], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:489 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias ebriensis Pellegrin 1920. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dayi, Clarias Hora [S. L.] 1936:350, Figs. 3, 4c [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 38 (pt 3); ref. 13704] Wayanad, southern India. Holotype: ZSI. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. See Das 2003:380 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Clarias dussumieri Valenciennes 1840, but a valid subspecies -- (Menon 1999:260 [ref. 24904], Jayaram 2006:307 [ref. 28762]). •Valid as Clarias dayi Hora 1936 -- (Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:686 [ref. 20764], Manimekalan 1998:440 [ref. 24989], Manimekalan & Arunachalam 2002:129 [ref. 26362], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias dayi Hora 1936. Clariidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

depressus, Clarias Myers [G. S.] 1925:12 [Copeia No. 139; ref. 15549] Albano River, about 60 [not 6] kilometers west of Addagalla, Ethiopia, northeastern Africa. Syntypes: AMNH 8204 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

dhonti, Allabenchelys Boulenger [G. A.] 1920:402, Fig. 8 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1919 (pts 3-4) (art. 25); ref. 15206] Kabeke, a village 30 miles south of Tumbwe, on the Niemba River, near west coast of Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes: BMNH 1919.7.24.20-27 (8); MNHN 1919-0467 (1); MRAC 6991 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:47 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias dhonti (Boulenger 1920) -- (Teugels 1986:77 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:176 [ref. 12548] with holotype and paratypes, Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155], Kullander & Roberts 2012:361 [ref. 31751], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315]). Current status: Valid as Clarias dhonti (Boulenger 1920). Clariidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Niemba and Koki River drainages, Lukuga River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

dialonensis, Clarias Daget [J.] 1962:120, Fig. 39; Pl. 11 (fig. 26) [Mémoires de l'Institut français d'Afrique Noire No. 65; ref. 5866] Senegal basin, near Mamou, Lower Guinea. Lectotype: MNHN 1959-0107. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1959-0107 (5). Additional material: MNHN 1913-0229 to 0230 (1, 2), 1960-0481 to 0482 (7, 3), 1993-0006 [ex 1959-0107] (5). Lectotype selected by Teugels 1986:145 [ref. 12548]. •Synonym of Clarias laeviceps Gill 1862, but a valid subspecies -- (Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:145 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:492 [ref. 21590]). •Valid as Clarias dialonensis Daget 1962 -- (Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias dialonensis Daget 1962. Clariidae. Distribution: Guinea and coastal rivers of Sierra Leone. Habitat: freshwater.

dolloi, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1896:311 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 17 (no. 100) (art. 49); ref. 14601] Monsembe, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1896.3.8 [?9].18-20 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gabonensis Günther 1867 -- (Teugels 1986:78 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:77 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gabonensis Günther 1867. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsimarmoratus, Clarias Ahl [E.] 1937:239 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 15265] Tributary of Port Loko Creek, ca. 40 kilometers east-northeast of Freetown, Sierra Leone. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20939. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847], Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894 -- (Teugels 1986:74 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 12548], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:486 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsimarmoratus, Clarias Roloff [E.] (ex Ahl) 1936:325 [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 33 (no. 21); ref. 30189] Tributary of Port Loko Creek, ca. 40 kilometers east-northeast of Freetown, Sierra Leone. Not available, name only. Name made available by Ahl 1937:239 [ref. 15265]. •In the synonymy of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894. Clariidae.

duchaillui, Clarias Fowler [H. W.] 1915:226, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 67; ref. 1392] Gabon. Holotype: ANSP 8567 [not 8568]. Paratypes: ANSP 8568-74 (7) [not 8569-74]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:59 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dumerilii, Clarias Steindachner [F.] 1866:766, Pl. 14 (fig. 5) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 16; ref. 18789] Angola. Neotype: BMNH 1864.7.13.42. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. Neotype designated by Teugels 1986:148 [ref. 12548], but see Hanssens 2009:36 [ref. 30167]. •Valid as Clariallabes dumerilii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316] as dumerili). •Valid as Clarias dumerilii Steindachner 1866 -- (Teugels 1986:77 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:148 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155], Hanssens 2009:36 [ref. 30167], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Abwe et al. 2023:31 [ref. 39992]). Current status: Valid as Clarias dumerilii Steindachner 1866. Clariidae. Distribution: Southern-central Africa: Congo River system and Luapula system (Angola and Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

dussumieri, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:382 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Malabar; Mahé, India; Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN B-0686 (3) Malabar, B-0687 (1) Mahé. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:45 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155] •Valid as Clarias dussumieri Valenciennes 1840 -- (Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:686 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:261 [ref. 24904], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Yadav 2003:21 [ref. 27711], Jayaram 2006:306 [ref. 28762] with subspecies, Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1582 [ref. 31220], Narasimhaiah et al. 2016:69 [ref. 34975] as dossumieri). Current status: Valid as Clarias dussumieri Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Distribution: South Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

ebriensis, Clarias Pellegrin [J.] 1920:118 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 45 (no. 3/7); ref. 15246] Stagnant waters near Bingerville, Ivory Coast. Lectotype: MNHN 1920-0037. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1920-0036 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:46 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155] Lectotype selected by Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1981:18 [ref. 21194]. •Valid as Clarias ebriensis Pellegrin 1920 -- (Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde 1981:18 [ref. 21194], Teugels 1986:77 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:131 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:489 [ref. 21590], Dankwa et al. 1999:36 [ref. 28023], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:548 [ref. 25239], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias ebriensis Pellegrin 1920. Clariidae. Distribution: Coastal rivers and logoons from Nigeria to Côte d'Ivorie, western Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

ekibondoi, Clarias Fowler [H. W.] 1936:300, Figs. 63-66 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] Ekibondo's Village, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): ANSP 65886. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155] •Synonym of Clarias platycephalus Boulenger 1902 -- (Teugels 1986:92 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:50 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias platycephalus Boulenger 1902. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

engelseni, Allabenchelys Johnsen [S.] 1926:8, Figs. 2-3 [Bergens Museums Aarbok No. 10; ref. 15795] Aluma, Ramadalla and Yei, Sudan. Syntypes: (15) BMNH 1925.12.30.11 (1) Yei, Sudan; ZMUB 4131 a-b (2), Aluma, 4132 a-e Ramadalla and Aluma (3 + 2 skeletons). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias engelseni (Johnsen 1926) -- (Teugels 1986:78 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:178 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias engelseni (Johnsen 1926). Clariidae. Distribution: Sudan, eastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

esamesae, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:372 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 8 (no. 45); ref. 14783] Esamesa, Congo River basin, southern Cameroon. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1911.5.30.28. •Synonym of Clarias pachynema Boulenger 1903 -- (Teugels 1980:691 [ref. 21193], Teugels 1986:92 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:117 [ref. 12548], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:490 [ref. 21590]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias pachynema Boulenger 1903. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

eupogon, Clarias Norman [J. R.] 1928:105 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 2 (no. 7) (art. 16); ref. 15865] Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], 0°22'S, 34°14'30"E. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1928.5.24.57. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:153 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Xenoclarias eupogon (Norman 1928) -- (Teugels 1986:101 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:197 [ref. 24781], Seegers et al. 2003:38 [ref. 28087], Ferraris 2007:153 [ref. 29155], Akoth et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40069]). Current status: Valid as Xenoclarias eupogon (Norman 1928). Clariidae. Distribution: East Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

euryodon, Bathyclarias Jackson [P. B. N.] 1959:120, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 132 (pt 1); ref. 2312] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2.29.13. Paratypes: BMNH 1960.2.29.14 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus euryodon (Jackson 1959) -- (Greenwood 1961:226 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Bathyclarias euryodon Jackson 1959 -- (Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Bathyclarias euryodon Jackson 1959. Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

filicibarbis, Bathyclarias Jackson [P. B. N.] 1959:120, Fig. 5 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 132 (pt 1); ref. 2312] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1955.6.14.1. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus filicibarbis (Jackson 1959) -- (Greenwood 1961:226 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Bathyclarias filicibarbis Jackson 1959 -- (Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111]). Current status: Valid as Bathyclarias filicibarbis Jackson 1959. Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

fouloni, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1905:644 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 16 (no. 96) (art. 72); ref. 15342] Lake Bangwelo [Bangweolo], Zambia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1905.11.10.8. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias theodorae Weber 1897 -- (Teugels 1986:94 [ref. 6193], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias theodorae Weber 1897. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

foveolatus, Clarias Jackson [P. B. N.] 1955:681, Fig. [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 125 (pts 3-4); ref. 12202] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1955.6.15.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1955.6.15.2-3 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus foveolatus (Jackson 1955) -- (Greenwood 1961:226 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Bathyclarias foveolatus (Jackson 1955) -- (Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111]). Current status: Valid as Bathyclarias foveolatus (Jackson 1955). Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

fuscus, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:383 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8939. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:46 [ref. 19575]. Valenciennes referred his specimen with question to Macropteronotus fuscus of Lacepède, therefore Valenciennes description perhaps can be regarded as available. See van Oijen et al. 2009:303 [ref. 30423]. •If regarded as available, then this is secondarily preoccupied by Clarias fuscus Lacepède 1803. 2°Homonym. Clariidae. Distribution: Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

fuscus, Macropteronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:84, 88, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] China. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. Based on a painting. See Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238]. •Synonym of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Zheng et al. 1989:274 [ref. 21202]). •Valid as Clarias fuscus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:59 [ref. 6441], Ni & Wu in Kuang et al. 1986:167 [ref. 26639], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:422 [ref. 25598], Zheng & Pan in Pan et al. 1991:291 [ref. 23876], Vu & Nguyen 1997:27 [ref. 26438], Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Yue in Chu et al. 1999:182 [ref. 24534], Fuller et al. 1999:200 [ref. 25838], Nakabo 2000:280 [ref. 25086], Kottelat 2001:55 [ref. 25482], Sakai et al. 2001:88 [ref. 25693], Kottelat 2001:140 [ref. 25780], Nakabo 2002:280 [ref. 26001], Ng 2004:294 [ref. 27992], Mundy 2005:153 [ref. 28379], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155], Ho & Shao 2011: 33 [ref. 31432], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1583 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:242 [ref. 32989], Ng & Kottelat 2014:443 [ref. 33579], Zhang et al. 2016:181 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:504 [ref. 36699], Fu et al. 2021:9571 [ref. 39347], Jamandre 2023:174 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Clarias fuscus (Lacepède 1803). Clariidae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan, Taiwan, southern China, northeastern Laos, northern Vietnam; introduced in Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: freshwater.

gabonensis, Clarias Günther [A.] 1867:111 [2] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 116) (art. 15); ref. 1989] Ogowe River, Gabon. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.5.22.3. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. On p. 2 of separate. •Valid as Clarias gabonensis Günther 1867 -- (Teugels 1986:78 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:77 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Agnèse & Teugels 2005:552 [ref. 28553], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:681 [ref. 30030], Hanssens 2009:30 [ref. 30167], Skelton 2019:227, 229 [ref. 36564], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:151 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Clarias gabonensis Günther 1867. Clariidae. Distribution: Western, central and southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

galmaensis, Clarias Aken-Ova [T. O.] 2011 [Journal of Tropical Biosciences v. 9; ref. 32190] Ponds and rivers around Zaria, River Galma, Nigeria. Holotype: BMNH 1981.9.10.1. Not available; no types established. A new species from the Galma River, Zaria, Nigeria. One specimen deposited as BMNH 1981.9.10.1; whereabouts of 78 other specimens unknown. However, in an "Update" in the same journal in vol. 8-9, 2009-2011:100, the author suggests that the specimen sent to the BMNH is now labelled the holotype; the update is accompanied by a brief description. The name is not available from 2007, apparently available from the "Updat." with a minimal description. •Status uncertain, not available from 2007:46 [ref. 30481] Fig. 1; apparently available from an update in ref. 32190, date 2011(?). Current status: Uncertain as Clarias galmaensis Aken-Ova 2011. Clariidae. Distribution: Galma River, Zaria, Nigeria. Habitat: freshwater.

gariepinus, Silurus (Heterobranchus) Burchell [W. J.] 1822:425, Fig. on p. 445 [Travels in the interior of southern Africa. 2 vols.; ref. 17293] Vaal River, at Smidtsdrift, above confluence with Riet River, Cape Province, South Africa (28°42'10"S, 24°04'29"E). Neotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 520. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. Neotype evidently selected by Bruton & Teugels in 1982 but first published in Skelton & Teugels 1992 (see Seegers 1996:206 [ref. 23725]). •Valid as Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugles 1982:442 [ref. 27525], Teugels 1986:79 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Krupp & Schneider 1989:387 [ref. 13651], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy & Bénech 1989:303 [ref. 26478], Lévêque 1990:43 [ref. 19786], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Skelton & Teugels 1992:1 [ref. 20199], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:480 [ref. 21590], Kottelat et al. 1993:77 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:229 [ref. 24071], Benech et al. 1993:83 [ref. 22337], Poll & Gosse 1995:195 [ref. 24781], Rainboth 1996:163 [ref. 22772], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Coad 1996:85 [ref. 25304], Adriaens & Verraea 1996:255 [ref. 24713], Agnèse et al. 1997:1143 [ref. 26486], Anseaume & Teugels 1999:416 [ref. 24564], Dankwa et al. 1999:36 [ref. 28023], Hay et al. 1999:42 [ref. 40428], Diogo & Chardon 2000:460 [ref. 27289], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:548 [ref. 25239], Teugels et al. 2001:86 [ref. 25350], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:683 [ref. 25481], Kottelat 2001:141 [ref. 25780], Skelton 2001:229 [ref. 27406], De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Hanel 2003:56 [ref. 27894], Seegers et al. 2003:37 [ref. 28087], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:196 [ref. 28107], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:123 [ref. 28183], Hamidan 2004:389 [ref. 37679], Agnèse & Teugels 2005:552 [ref. 28553], Fricke et al. 2007:54 [ref. 29533], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:677 [ref. 30030], Aken'Ova 2007:46 [ref. 30481], Shrestha 2008:194 [ref. 29923], Segers 2008:154 [ref. 29830], Hanssens 2009:28 [ref. 30167], Marshall 2011:155 [ref. 31755], Gurung et al. 2013:4884 [ref. 32969], Khalaf 2013:4 [ref. 37897], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989], Catelani et al. 2014:931 [ref. 37496], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:211 [ref. 34477], Bertaco et al. 2016:435 [ref. 34561], Neumann et al. 2016:306 [ref. 35036], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:5 [ref. 35632], Bruton et al. 2018:67 [ref. 36373], Sulaiman et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35802], Ćaleta et al. 2019:173 [ref. 37026], Koerber et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36736], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:253 [ref. 37108], Ng et al. 2019:532 [ref. 36606], Skelton 2019:229, 235 [ref. 36564], Zhang et al. 2019:505 [ref. 36699], Bayçelebi 2020:760 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:254 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:99 [ref. 37569], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:465 [ref. 38364], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Silva et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37809], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Taki et al. 2021:247 [ref. 39830], Fermon et al. 2022:152 [ref. 39448], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[6] [ref. 39245], Abwe et al. 2023:31 [ref. 39992], Akoth et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40069], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:3 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40740], Chan et al. 2023:139 [ref. 40365], Çiçek et al. 2023:463 [ref. 40601], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:212 [ref. 40377], Jamandre 2023:174 [ref. 40455], Saad et al. 2023:35 [ref. 40501], Bigirimana et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41336], Çiçek et al. 2024:280 [ref. 40789], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:57 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Distribution: Widespread in Africa, Asia Minor and Middle East. Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

geoffroyi, Heterobranchus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:392 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Egypt. Holotype: MNHN (skeleton). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. •Objective synonym of Heterobrancus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1808-09 -- (Teugels 1986:98 [ref. 6193]). •Synonym of Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809 -- (Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:471 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gigas, Bathyclarias Jackson [P. B. N.] 1959:125, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 132 (pt 1); ref. 2312] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1960.2.29.35 (head and skin). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus gigas (Jackson 1959) -- (Greenwood 1961:227 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Bathyclarias gigas Jackson 1959 -- (Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481]). •Synonym of Bathyclarias worthingtoni Jackson 1959 -- (Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111]). Current status: Synonym of Bathyclarias worthingtoni Jackson 1959. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gilli, Clarias Smith [H. M.] & Seale [A.] 1906:74, Figs. a-b [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 19; ref. 4059] Rio Grande, Mindanao, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 55620. Paratypes: USNM 126628 [ex USBF 1668] (1). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:16 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes 1840 -- (Ng 1999:18 [ref. 23892], Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Ng 2003:396 [ref. 27372], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Ng et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31263], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilentus, Clarias Ng [H. H.], Hong [D. K.] & Tu [N. V.] 2011:62, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa No. 2823; ref. 31263] Phu Quoc Island, swamp draining into Rach Vem, ca. 10°22'N, 103°56'E, Vietnam. Holotype: UMMZ 248862. Paratypes: BMNH 1937.9.17.39-40 (2), NLHC 2010.RT1-RT4 (4), 2010.RV1-RV5 (5); UMMZ 248863 (4); ZRC 52046(1). •Valid as Clarias gracilentus Ng, Hong & Tu 2011 -- (Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias gracilentus Ng, Hong & Tu 2011. Clariidae. Distribution: Cambodia and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Clarias Fowler [H. W.] 1936:303, Figs. 75-78 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] Saidi's Village, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: ANSP 66098. Paratypes: ANSP 66099-117 (19). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias hilli Fowler 1936 -- (Teugels 1986:86 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:181 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias hilli Fowler 1936. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

guentheri, Clarias Pfeffer [G. J.] 1896:28 [Die Thierwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete v. 3; ref. 14617] East Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1867.3.9.388 (1, stuffed), 1867.3.9.581 (1, stuffed, not found). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. Based on a Clarius gariepinus of Playfaire & Günther 1867:113 [ref. 3490] and other literature sources. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

guineensis, Clarias Osório [B.] 1909:104, Pl. (fig. 3) [Memorias do Museu Bocage, Lisboa Fasc. 1; ref. 18937] Guinée, Bolama, Postugo. Holotype (unique): MB (destroyed in 1978 fire). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155] •Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894 -- (Teugels 1986:74 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 12548], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480] dated 1915, Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:486 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hamiltonii, Plotosus (Clarias) Swainson [W.] 1839:307 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Ganges basin, India. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. Based on Ham. 146, Pl. 26, fig. 45 -- which is Hamilton 1822:146, Pl. 26 (fig. 45) [ref. 2031]. Unneeded new name for Macropteronotus magur Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarius magur (Hamilton 1922) -- (Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias magur (Hamilton 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hasselquistii, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:362, Pl. 446 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Nile River, Lake Menzilah, Egypt. Syntypes: MNHN B-0287 (1) Egypt, B-0288 (2) Nile River at Louqsor. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:44 [ref. 19575] with a holotype and paratype, Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. Based on Silurus anguillaris of Hasselquist. •Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Teugels 1986:71 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:24 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

heterocephalus, Clariallabes Poll [M.] 1967:233, Fig. 108 [Publicações Culturais, Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG), Lisboa No. 75; ref. 3528] Cuílo, Xá-Ua, Luíta River, Angola, 8°02'S, 19°25'E. Holotype (unique): MRAC 162082 [ex MD 6217]. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:35 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes heterocephalus Poll 1967 -- (Teugels 1986:67 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes heterocephalus Poll 1967. Clariidae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Luita River (Angola). Habitat: freshwater.

heterocercalis, Gymnallabes typus forma Lönnberg [E.] 1895:184 [Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar v. 52 (no. 3); ref. 14584] Cameroon. Holotype (unique): ZMUU 566. Type catalog: Wallin 1996:61 [ref. 32133], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Gymnallabes typus Günther 1867 -- (Teugels 1986:98 [ref. 6193], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnallabes typus Günther 1867. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hexacicinnus, Macropteronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:84, 88, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] China. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. Based on an unpublished painting. •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Clarias hexacicinnus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Kottelat 2013:242 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Uncertain as Clarias hexacicinnus (Lacepède 1803). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hilgendorfi, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:54 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 8 (no. 43); ref. 14781] Lake Rukwa, southwestern Tanzania. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1911.3.27.41. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias alluaudi Boulenger 1906 -- (Teugels 1986:70 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:120 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias alluaudi Boulenger 1906. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hilli, Clarias Fowler [H. W.] 1936:299, Figs. 59-62 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] Saidi's Village, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: ANSP 65879. Paratypes: ANSP 65880-85 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. Teugels 1986:181 [ref. 12548] serves as first reviser giving precedence to hilli over gracilis. •Valid as Clarias hilli Fowler 1936 -- (Teugels 1986:86 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:181 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Bigirimana et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41336]). Current status: Valid as Clarias hilli Fowler 1936. Clariidae. Distribution: Central Africa: middle Congo River, Lake Albert and Lake Tanganyika basin (Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

hollyi, Clarias Fowler [H. W.] 1936:304, Figs. 79-82 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] 30 kilometers east of Kribi, Cameroon. Holotype: ANSP 66118. Paratypes: ANSP 66119-24 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Clarias hollyi Pellegrin 1929. •Synonym of Clarias submarginatus Peters 1882 -- (Teugels 1986:93 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:107 [ref. 12548]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Clarias submarginatus Peters 1882. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hollyi, Clarias Pellegrin [J.] 1929:359, footnote [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 54 (no. 4); ref. 15941] Cameroon. Holotype: NMW 13374. Replacement name for Clarias cameronensis Holly 1927, assumed to be preoccupied by Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. •Synonym of Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909 -- (Teugels 1986:87 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:55 [ref. 12548], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:482 [ref. 21590]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

holobranchus, Xenoclarias Greenwood [P. H.] 1958:322 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 1 (no. 5); ref. 1895] Off the southwestern tip of Ukerewe Island, Lake Victoria [Victoria Nyanza], Africa, depth 120 feet. Holotype: BMNH 1958.7.8.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1958.7.8.2-3 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:153 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Xenoclarias eupogon (Norman 1928) -- (Teugels 1986:101 [ref. 6193]). •Valid as Xenoclarias holobranchus Greenwood 1958 -- (Ferraris 2007:153 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Xenoclarias holobranchus Greenwood 1958. Clariidae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Victoria. Habitat: freshwater.

ilesi, Bathyclarias Jackson [P. B. N.] 1959:116, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 132 (pt 1); ref. 2312] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2.29.8. Paratypes: ?BMNH 1960.2.29.9 (1), 1960.2.29.10 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus ilesi (Jackson 1959) -- (Greenwood 1961:224 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Bathyclarias ilesi Jackson 1959 -- (Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Bathyclarias nyasensis (Worthington 1933) -- (Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111]). Current status: Synonym of Bathyclarias nyasensis (Worthington 1933). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

insolitus, Clarias Ng [H. H.] 2003:2, Figs. 1, 2a [Zootaxa No. 284; ref. 27067] Small stream flowing into Sungai Rekut, tributary of Sungai Busang, about 1.5 kilometers upstream from the Project Barito Ulu base camp on Sungai Busang, Barito River drainage, Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype: BMNH 2001.1.15.104 [ex MZB 6112]. Paratypes: BMNH 2001.1.15.98-103 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. Proposed as a noun in apposition. •Valid as Clarias insolitus Ng 2003 -- (Ng 2004:290 [ref. 27992], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1578 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias insolitus Ng 2003. Clariidae. Distribution: Barito River basin, southern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Clarias Teugels [G. G.], Sudarto [no initials] & Pouyaud [L.] 2001:86, Fig. 5 [Cybium v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 25350] Palangkaraya market, central Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10574. Paratypes: MNHN 2000-1212 to 1213 (2), 2000-1214to 1217 (4), 2000-1218-1219 (2); MRAC 96-050-P-120-121 (2), 96-050-P-129-132 (4); ZRC 46110-46113 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:38 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias intermedius Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud 2001 -- (Ng 2003:2 [ref. 27067], Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudato et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Ng 2004:294 [ref. 27992], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1578 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989], Ng & Kottelat 2014:443 [ref. 33579]). Current status: Valid as Clarias intermedius Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud 2001. Clariidae. Distribution: Central Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Heterobranchus Günther [A.] 1864:22 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Upper Nile River, Khartoum, Sudan. Syntypes: (3, one a skeleton) BMNH 1862.1.17.54 (1), 1863.10.6.1 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809 -- (Teugels 1986:99 [ref. 6193], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

isheriensis, Clarias (Clarioides) Sydenham [D. H. J.] 1980:663, Figs. 3-4 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 94 (no. 3); ref. 8655] Energo Project site, Lagos-Badagry expressway, Lagos State, 6°29'N, 3°15'E, Nigeria. Holotype: BMNH 1976.3.17.3. Paratypes: BMNH 1953.4.28.51 (1), 1976.3.17.1-2 (2), 1976.3.17.4-5 (2); MRAC 73-1-P-476-478 (3), 76-6-P-1-2 (2), 76-32-P-2472 (1), 165414-415 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias agboyiensis Sydenham 1980 -- (Teugels 1986:70 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 12548], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:487 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:139 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias agboyiensis Sydenham 1980. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

isopterus, Heterobranchus Bleeker [P.] 1863:108, Pl. 22 (fig. 1) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Boutry River, Guinea. Holotype (unique): RMNH 2977 or ZMB 6590. Bleeker specimens: ZMB 3073 [ex RMNH] (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Heterobranchus isopterus Bleeker 1863 -- (Teugels 1986:99 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy & Bénech 1989:303 [ref. 26478], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:472 [ref. 21590], Poll & Gosse 1995:191 [ref. 24781], Dankwa et al. 1999:35 [ref. 28023], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:548 [ref. 25239], Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Heterobranchus isopterus Bleeker 1863. Clariidae. Distribution: Western Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

jacksoni, Dinotopterus Greenwood [P. H.] 1961:222 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 9355] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2.29.26. Paratypes: BMNH 1960.2.29.27 (1), 1960.2.29.28 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus jacksoni Greenwood 1961 -- (Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Bathyclarias nyasensis (Worthington 1933) -- (Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111]). Current status: Synonym of Bathyclarias nyasensis (Worthington 1933). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

jaensis, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1909:188 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 4 (no. 21); ref. 576] Ja River at Bitye, Congo system, southern Cameroon. Lectotype: BMNH 1909.4.29.77. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1909.4.29.78 (1). Non-types: BMNH 1911.5.30.20 (1), 1911.5.30.21-23 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared in Boulenger 1911:242, Fig. 201 [ref. 579] with additional "types". Lectotype selected by Teugels 1986:55 [ref. 12548]; Boulenger 1911 lists 3 types from Bitye and 2 from Esamesa. •Valid as Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909 -- (Teugels 1986:86 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:50 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:482 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:687 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:152 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: southeastern Nigeria south to Democratic Republic of Congo, including Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

jagur, Macropteronotus Hamilton [F.] 1822:146, 374, Pl. 26 (fig. 45) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Ganges River, India. Syntypes: BMNH 1858.8.15.101-102 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. See Ng & Kottelat 2008:729-730 [ref. 29755] for change in status and the breakup of Clarias batrachus. Macropteronotus jagur is a simultaneous synonym of M. magur; Day 1859:115 selected magur. •Questionably a synonym of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Roberts 1989:127 [ref. 6439]). •Mention under Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:684 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Clarius batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Ng 1999:18 [ref. 23892], Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Ataur Rahman 2003:183 [ref. 31338], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Jayaram 2006:304 [ref. 28762], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias magur (Hamilton 1822) -- (Ng & Kottelat 2008:730 [ref. 29755], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias magur (Hamilton 1822). Clariidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

jallae, Dinotopterus Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1917:556, Fig. 165 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 11 (pt 6); ref. 15119] Sheskeke, Zimbabwe [southern Rhodesia]. Holotype (unique): SAM 14297 [now at AMG]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias ngamensis Castelnau 1861 -- (Teugels 1986:91 [ref. 6193], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias ngamensis Castelnau 1861. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

kapuasensis, Clarias Sudarto [no initials], Teugels [G. G.] & Pouyaud [L.] 2003:156, Figs. 2 A-B [Cybium v. 27 (no. 2); ref. 27238] Nanga Pinoh in peat swamp bordering the river Melawi in the upper part of the Kapuas River, western Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10965. Paratypes: MNHN 2002-1285 (3); MRAC 2002-027-P-4-7 (4); ZRC 47146 (9), 47147 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:38 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias kapuasensis Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud 2003 -- (Ng 2004:294 [ref. 27992], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1583 [ref. 31220], Tan & Lim 2013:735 [ref. 32888], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989], Ng & Kottelat 2014:443 [ref. 33579]). Current status: Valid as Clarias kapuasensis Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud 2003. Clariidae. Distribution: Kapuas River basin, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

karmouth, Silurus Sonnini [C. S.] 1799:288, Pl. 22 (fig. 2) [Voyage dans la Haute et Basse Egypte v. 2; ref. 18738] Nile River, Egypt. No types known. Based on the Silurus anguillaris of Hasselquist 1757:371 [ref. 30181]. •Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (David De Weirdt, pers. comm., June 2021). Current status: Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

kelioides, Encheloclarias Ng [P. K. L.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:30, Figs. 7-8 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 20827] Blackwater stream across road, at 69 kilometer stone on road from Mersing to Pekan, south of Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 29401. Paratypes: CAS 32004 (1, not received). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:44 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Encheloclarias kelioides Ng & Lim 1993 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:165 [ref. 22901], Ng & Tan 2000:537 [ref. 25044], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155], Ng 2012:132 [ref. 32295], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Tan et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40060], Tan et al. 2023:238 [ref. 40061]). Current status: Valid as Encheloclarias kelioides Ng & Lim 1993. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Pahang and Johor, eastern Peninsular Malaysia and Nee Soon Swamp Forest, Singapore; and possibly central Sumatra. Habitat: freshwater.

kingsleyae, Clarias Günther [A.] 1903:334 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, v. 2 (pt 2) (art. 3) (for 18 Nov. 1902); ref. 2021] Ghana. Syntypes: BMNH 1903.4.24.65 (1) Odumasi, 1903.4.24.66 (1) River Offin at Infoar. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias laeviceps Gill 1862 -- (Teugels 1986:87 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:143 [ref. 12548], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:491 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias laeviceps Gill 1862. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

krishnai, Horaglanis Menon [A. G. K.] 1951:64, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-3) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 48 (pt 1) (for Mar. 1950); ref. 2980] Well at Kottayam, Travancore, Kerala state, southern India. Holotype: ZSI F313/2. Paratypes: ZSI (1). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:131 [ref. 20743], Ferraris 2007:152 [ref. 29155]. See Das 2003:380 [ref. 27706] with date as 1951. •Valid as Horaglanis krishnai Menon 1951 -- (Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:687 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:261 [ref. 24904], Romero & Paulson 2001:25 [ref. 26040], Babu & Nayar 2004:296 [ref. 28035], Jayaram 2006:310 [ref. 28762], Proudlove 2006:125 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:152 [ref. 29155], Vincent & Thomas 2011:164 [ref. 31270], Babu 2012:51 [ref. 32286], Raghavan et al. 2023:57 [ref. 39892]). Current status: Valid as Horaglanis krishnai Menon 1951. Clariidae. Distribution: South Asia: lateritic aquifer systems in the Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

laeviceps, Clarias Gill [T. N.] 1862:139 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14; ref. 1661] Locality not known, probably Liberia. Holotype (unique): USNM 4099 (poor condition). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:16 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias laeviceps Gill 1862, subspecies laeviceps -- (Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477]). •Valid as Clarias laeviceps Gill 1862 -- (Sydenham 1978:361 [ref. 22253], Teugels 1986:87 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:142 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Stiassny 1991:7 [ref. 19336], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:491 [ref. 21590], Dankwa et al. 1999:36 [ref. 28023], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155], Pezold et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34870]). Current status: Valid as Clarias laeviceps Gill 1862. Clariidae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

lamottei, Clarias Daget [J.] & Planquette [P.] 1967:279, Fig. 1 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 39 (no. 2); ref. 7955] Aoué Bla, side channel of Nzi, Bandama basin, near Lamto, Ivory Coast. Holotype: MNHN 1966-1104. Paratypes: MNHN 1966-1105 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias lamottei Daget & Planquette 1967 -- (Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:19 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:478 [ref. 21590], Poll & Gosse 1995:195 [ref. 24781], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]). •Probably a natural hybrid between Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus isopterus -- (Teugels 2003:11 [ref. 27022]). Current status: Valid as Clarias lamottei Daget & Planquette 1967. Clariidae. Distribution: Nzi River, tributary of the Bandama, Côte d'Ivoire, western Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

laticeps, Allabenchelys Steindachner [F.] 1911:532 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 48 (no. 27) (for 21 Dec. 1911); ref. 14818] Ituri River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: (9) NMW 7649 (1), 47988-91 (1, 1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. Genus misspelled on p. 532 as Allabenehelys, spelled correctly elsewhere in text. •Valid as Clariallabes laticeps (Steindachner 1911) -- (Teugels 1986:67 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes laticeps (Steindachner 1911). Clariidae. Distribution: Itura River drainage, Congo River basin, Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

laticeps, Heterobranchus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852:682 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1852; ref. 18539] Tette [Tete], Boror, Mozambique. Syntypes: ZMB 3071 (2), 3072 (2), 4741 (1), 6590 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]. Also in Peters 1868:37, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [ref. 3440]. Teugels 1986 treats a holotype, but 2 localities and multiple counts are listed so there is no holotype. •Synonym of Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840 -- (Teugels 1986:100 [ref. 6193], Seegers 1996:211 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

lazera, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:372 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Upper Nile River, Egypt. Syntypes: (3, plus skeleton) MNHN 0000-1578 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:44 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias lazera Valenciennes 1840 -- (Goren 1974:92 [ref. 7502], Zhu 1995:204 [ref. 25213]). •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugles 1982:463 [ref. 27525], Teugels 1986:79 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Krupp & Schneider 1989:387 [ref. 13651], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Lévêque 1990:43 [ref. 19786], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:480 [ref. 21590], Bakhoum 1994:191 [ref. 24734], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Kottelat 2001:141 [ref. 25780], Seegers et al. 2003:37 [ref. 28087], Fricke et al. 2007:54 [ref. 29533], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155], Çiçek et al. 2024:280 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

leiacanthus, Clarias Bleeker [P.] 1851:430 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 16897] Sambas, Kaslimantan, western Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Bleeker specimens: [possible holotype = BMNH 1863.12.4.55 (1), NMV 46086 (1)]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. Unjustifiably emended to liacanthus by Günther 1864:20 [ref. 1974]. See van Oijen et al. 2009:300 [ref. 30423]. •Valid as Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker 1851 -- (Roberts 1989:127 [ref. 6439], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Kottelat et al. 1993:77 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:242 [ref. 23210], Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Teugels et al. 1999:286 [ref. 24246], Ng 2001:159 [ref. 25460], Sudarto et al. 2003:153 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Tan & Lim 2004:109 [ref. 27716], Ng 2004:294 [ref. 27992], Grinang & Lim 2004:291 [ref. 28551], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:163 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:192 [ref. 28285], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1583 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989], Sulaiman et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35802], Ng et al. 2019:532 [ref. 36606], Low et al. 2022:392 [ref. 39370]). Current status: Valid as Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker 1851. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaysia and Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

lembesseensis, Clariallabes melas Fowler [H. W.] 1949:259, Figs. 48-52 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 101; ref. 1461] Oka, 18 miles north of Eovo, Congo system, French Equatorial Africa. Holotype: ANSP 71906. Paratypes: ANSP 71907-08 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Clariallabes melas (Boulenger 1887) -- (Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 6193], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clariallabes melas (Boulenger 1887). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

liberiensis, Clarias Steindachner [F.] 1894:54, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 16 (nos 1-2, art. 1); ref. 4237] Junk River, Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 3342. Paralectotypes: (several) RMNH 5342 (1), 5393 [not 3393] (14), 5394 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Sydenham 1978:355 [ref. 22253]. •Valid as Clarias liberiensis Steindachner 1894 -- (Sydenham 1978:355 [ref. 22253]). •Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894 -- (Teugels 1986:73 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 12548], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:486 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner 1894. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

lindicus, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1920:26, Fig. 13 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 2 (fasc. 4); ref. 587] Bafwasende on Lindi River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 7112. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879 -- (Teugels 1986:75 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:80 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866 -- (Bernt & Stiassny 2022:14 [ref. 39552]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

liocephalus, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:496 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898 (pt 3); ref. 20658] Kinyamkolo, Lake Tanganyika, Zambia. Holotype: BMNH 1898.9.9.70. Non-types: BMNH 1898.9.9.71 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155] with comments on original specimens. Appeared first as above, then in more detail in Boulenger 1898:24, Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [ref. 547]; only 1 specimen listed in ref. 547; possibly 2 involved in the original description in ref. 20658; see Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype established by Teugels 1986 [ref. 12548] if needed. •Valid as Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898 -- (Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:164 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Skelton 1993:232 [ref. 24071], Seegers 1996:208 [ref. 23725], Skelton 2001:232 [ref. 27406], De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Seegers et al. 2003:38 [ref. 28087], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155], Marshall 2011:164 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:71 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Akoth et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40069], Bigirimana et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41336]). Current status: Valid as Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898. Clariidae. Distribution: Southern Central and eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika basin and Malagarazi River basin (Burundi, Zambia and Tanzania). Habitat: freshwater.

loangwensis, Clarias Worthington [E. B.] 1933:46, Figured [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 12 (no. 67) (art. 3); ref. 16533] Loangwa River, Zambezi River system, southeastern Africa, elevation 1350 feet. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1932.12.16.501. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]. •Possibly a synonym of Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840 -- (Teugels 1986:185 [ref. 12548]). •Synonym of Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840 -- (Seegers 1996:211 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

longibarbis, Clarias Worthington [E. B.] 1933:309, Fig. 10 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2; ref. 16532] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1932.11.15.592. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus longibarbis (Worthington 1933) -- (Greenwood 1961:225 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:96 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Bathyclarias longibarbis (Worthington 1933) -- (Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Bathyclarias longibarbis (Worthington 1933). Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

longibarbis, Clarias (Allabenchelys) dumerili David [L.] & Poll [M.] 1937:232, Fig. 21 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 3 (fasc. 5); ref. 1043] Kinshasa [Leopoldville], lower Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: MRAC 44011-013 (3). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:35 [ref. 21528]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Clarias longibarbis Worthington 1933; replaced by Clariallabes teugelsi Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]. See account of Clariallabes teugelsi for history of usage of this name. •Treated as valid as Clariallabes dumerili (Teugels 1986:67 [ref. 6193]), but Clarias dumerillii is a Steindachner species treated by Teugels on p. 77. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Clariallabes. Clariidae. Distribution: Central Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

longicauda, Allabenchelys Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:234, Pl. 22 (figs. 1-1a) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1902, v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 569] Ja [Dja] River, 250 miles from coast, Congo River basin, French Congo [Republic of Congo]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1902.11.12.129. •Valid as Clariallabes longicauda (Boulenger 1902) -- (Teugels 1986:67 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Teugels et al. 2007:671 [ref. 30030], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Fermon et al. 2022:151 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes longicauda (Boulenger 1902). Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon; Dja River, Congo River tributary (Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

longicaudatus, Clariallabes Pappenheim [P.] 1911:519, Fig. 3 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 14797] Mabelle River, southern Cameroon [should be Equatorial Guinea]. Holotype: ZMB 18401. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Gymnallabes typus Günther 1867 -- (Teugels 1986:98 [ref. 6193], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:470 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Channallabes longicaudatus (Pappenheim 1911) -- (Devaere et al. 2007:103 [ref. 29166], Teugels et al. 2007:661 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:150 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Channallabes longicaudatus (Pappenheim 1911). Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Ivindo River system and Komo River (Gabon); Mabelle River, Mbini tributary (Equatorial Guinea). Habitat: freshwater.

longiceps, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:103, Pl. 41 (fig. 1) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 5); ref. 589] Boma swamps, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.11.27.15-17 (3); MRAC 902-905 (4), 906-910 (5), 911-915 (5), 916-920 (5), 921-922 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

longifilis, Heterobranchus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:394, Pl. 447 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Nile River, Egypt. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0273 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:46 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840 -- (Teugels 1986:99 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy & Bénech 1989:303 [ref. 26478], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:472 [ref. 21590], Skelton 1993:236 [ref. 24071], Poll & Gosse 1995:191 [ref. 24781], Seegers 1996:211 [ref. 23725], Anseaume & Teugels 1999:416 [ref. 24564], Dankwa et al. 1999:35 [ref. 28023], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:548 [ref. 25239], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Skelton 2001:236 [ref. 27406], De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Seegers et al. 2003:38 [ref. 28087], Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:655 [ref. 30030], Marshall 2011:166 [ref. 31755], Neumann et al. 2016:306 [ref. 35036], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Fermon et al. 2022:153 [ref. 39448], Akoth et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40069], Bigirimana et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41336]). Current status: Valid as Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Distribution: Widespread in Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

longior, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1907:51 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 20 (no. 115) (art. 9); ref. 15135] Kribi River, southern Cameroon. Lectotype: BMNH 1904.10.26.63. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1904.7.1.110 (1) Lobi R. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Sydenham 1978:369 [ref. 22253]. •Valid as Clarias longior Boulenger 1907 -- (Sydenham 1978:367 [ref. 22253], Teugels 1986:89 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:172 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:689 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:152 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Clarias longior Boulenger 1907. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon and Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

loweae, Bathyclarias Jackson [P. B. N.] 1959:114, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 132 (pt 1); ref. 2312] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2.29.3. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus loweae (Jackson 1959) -- (Greenwood 1961:223 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:97 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Bathyclarias nyasensis (Worthington 1933) -- (Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111]). Current status: Synonym of Bathyclarias nyasensis (Worthington 1933). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

lualae, Clarias Lönnberg [E.] & Rendahl [H.] 1922:122, Fig. 1 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 10 (no. 55); ref. 15352] Luala River, tributary of the Congo River near Kingkengi, Lower Congo. Syntypes: NRM 39931 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias dumerilii Steindachner 1866 -- (Teugels 1986:77 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:148 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Hanssens 2009:38 [ref. 30167]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

machadoi, Platyclarias Poll [M.] 1977:141, Figs. 7-8 [Bulletin de la Classe des Sciences, Académie Royale de Belgique (Ser. 5) v. 63 (no. 2); ref. 3533] Upper Cuango, Cafunfo, Borio River, Angola. Holotype: MRAC 78-6-P-1345. Paratypes: (21) MRAC 78-6-P-1346 (1), 78-6-P-1347 (1), 78-6-P-1348-1364 (17), 78-6-P-1365 (1), 78-6-P-1366-1367 (2). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:62 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Platyclarias machadoi Poll 1977 -- (Teugels 1986:100 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:197 [ref. 24781], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564], Bernt et al. 2023:544 [ref. 40366]). Current status: Valid as Platyclarias machadoi Poll 1977. Clariidae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

maclareni, Clarias Trewavas [E.] 1962:157, Fig. 3 [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 13 (heft 1/3); ref. 4456] Lake Barombi-ma-Mbu, 4°38'N, 9°26'E, northwestern Cameroon. Holotype: BMNH 1959.8.18.174. Paratypes: BMNH 1959.8.18.175 (1). Additional material: BMNH 1959.8.18.173 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias maclareni Trewavas 1962 -- (Teugels 1986:90 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:64 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:687 [ref. 30030]). Current status: Valid as Clarias maclareni Trewavas 1962. Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Barombi-Mbo, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

macracanthus, Clarias Günther [A.] 1864:16 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Upper Nile River. Syntypes: (5, one a skeleton) BMNH 1855.12.26.453 (1) no locality, Zool. Soc.; BMNH 1862.6.17.51 (1) Khartum, 1866.9.9.67-68 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:83 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Krupp & Schneider 1989:387 [ref. 13651], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Skelton & Teugels 1992:6 [ref. 20199], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

macrocephalus, Clarias Günther [A.] 1864:18 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Thailand. Lectotype: BMNH 1862.11.1.216. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1862.11.1.27-28 (2), 1862.11.1.217 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Teugels et al. 1999:294 [ref. 24246]. •Valid as Clarias macrocephalus Günther 1864 -- (Rainboth 1996:163 [ref. 22772], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Teugels et al. 1999:287 [ref. 24246], Freyhof et al. 2000:96 [ref. 25184], Kottelat 2001:141 [ref. 25780], Sudarto et al. 2003:153 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1583 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989], Ng & Kottelat 2014:443 [ref. 33579], Ng et al. 2019:532 [ref. 36606], Taki et al. 2021:245 [ref. 39830], Low et al. 2022:393 [ref. 39370], Jamandre 2023:175 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Clarias macrocephalus Günther 1864. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong and Chao Phraya River basins, Thailand, Malaysia and possibly Philippines. Habitat: freshwater.

macromystax, Clarias Günther [A.] 1864:17 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Gambia [?Niger River]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1862.5.20.4. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. Locality may be in error, see Teugels 1986:76 [ref. 12548]. •Valid as Clarias macromystax Günther 1864 -- (Teugels 1986:90 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:74 [ref. 12548], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:484 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias macromystax Günther 1864. Clariidae. Distribution: Western Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

macronema, Chlarias angolensis Fowler [H. W.] 1949:257, Figs. 43-47 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 101; ref. 1461] Oka, 18 miles north of Eovo, Congo River system, French Equatorial Africa. Holotype: ANSP 71903. Paratypes: ANSP 71904-05 (5, not 2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155] Correct spelling of original genus is Clarias. •Synonym of Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879 -- (Teugels 1986:80 [ref. 12548], Paugy & Bénech 1989:302 [ref. 26478], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Bernt & Stiassny 2022:15 [ref. 39552]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias angolensis Steindachner 1866. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

macronema, Heterobranchus Bleeker [P.] 1863:109, Pls. 21 (fig. 1), 22 (fig. 2) [Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) v. 18 (1862); ref. 395] Dabo-Crom, Guinea. Syntypes: (4) RMNH 2978 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Heterobranchus isopterus Bleeker 1863 -- (Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:472 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Heterobranchus isopterus Bleeker 1863. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

macrurus, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1915:168 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 4 (fasc. 2); ref. 15086] Tributary of Lukinda River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 14256. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias theodorae Weber 1897 -- (Teugels 1986:94 [ref. 6193], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias theodorae Weber 1897. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

magony, Clarias Mason [F.] 1850:325 [ ref. 33185] Tennesseim, Myanmar. No types known. •Species inquirenda as Clarias magony Mason 1850 -- (Kottelat 2013:242 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias magony Mason 1850. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

magur, Macropteronotus Hamilton [F.] 1822:145, 374 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Ganges River, India. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. Macropteronotus magur and M. jagur are simultaneous synonyms; Day 1889:115 selected magur. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 81 [ref. 37532]. •Mention under Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:684 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Menon 1999:260 [ref. 24904], Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Clarias magur (Hamilton 1822) -- (Ng & Kottelat 2008:731 [ref. 29755], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1583 [ref. 31220], Gurung et al. 2013:4884 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989], Suresh et al. 2018:130 [ref. 36495], Tudu et al. 2022:43 [ref. 40484], Gupta et al. 2024:101 [ref. 41453]). Current status: Valid as Clarias magur (Hamilton 1822). Clariidae. Distribution: Southern Asia: India and Bhutan. Habitat: freshwater.

malaris, Clarias Nichols [J. T.] & Griscom [L.] 1917:705, Fig. 19 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 37 (art. 25); ref. 3185] Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: AMNH 6441. Paratypes: (5) AMNH 6506 (2) 6520 (orig. 3, now 1), FMNH 55366 [ex AMNH] (1), MRAC 15347 [ex AMNH] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:26 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

manyangae, Allabenchelys Boulenger [G. A.] 1919:159 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 15207] Kinkenda (Manyanga), region of cataracts in Lower Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1919.8.28.12 (1); MRAC 1327 (1), 1329 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes manyangae (Boulenger 1919) -- (Teugels 1986:67 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes manyangae (Boulenger 1919). Clariidae. Distribution: Manyanga, Lower Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

marpus, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:378 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Calcutta and Vizagapatam, India; Irrawaddy River, Myanmar. Syntypes: MNHN B-0685 (2) Bengal. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:45 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680]). •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarius magur (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias magur (Hamilton 1822). Clariidae. Distribution: South Asia. Habitat: freshwater.

medialis, Encheloclarias Ng [H. H.] 2012:112, Figs. 1, 3-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 32295] Kalimantan Tengah, Mentaya drainage, Puntu-Plantarang area, stream at 142 on Palangkaraya-Sampit road, 2°01'39.9"S, 112°59'48.2"E, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MZB 10984. •Valid as Encheloclarias medialis Ng 2012 -- (Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Tan et al. 2023:238 [ref. 40061]). Current status: Valid as Encheloclarias medialis Ng 2012. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mentaya, central Borneo. Habitat: marine.

megapogon, Clarias Sauvage [H.-E.] 1880:39 [Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (Série 2) v. 3; ref. 21195] Evidently a misprint for Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879; apparing in the synonymy of Clarias gabonensis Günther. •In the synonymy of Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879. Clariidae.

meladerma, Clarias Bleeker [P.] 1846:54 [178, 288] [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 21 (art. 5); ref. 313] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 13709. Paralectotypes: RMNH 16413 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. Spelled meladerma on p. 288. Reference to RMNH 13709 as lectotype by Teugels et al. 2001:90 [ref. 25350] does not conform to the ICZN code for lectotype designation but accepted here for now. Also in Bleeker 1846:54 [ref. 313]. See van Oijen et al. 2009:294 [ref. 30423]. •Valid as Clarias meladerma Bleeker 1846 -- (Roberts 1989:127 [ref. 6439], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Kottelat et al. 1993:78 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:242 [ref. 23210], Rainboth 1996:163 [ref. 22772], Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Teugels et al. 1999:286 [ref. 24246], Tan & Ng 1999:291 [ref. 24254], Teugels et al. 2001:90 [ref. 25350], Kottelat 2000:88 [ref. 25486], Kottelat 2001:141 [ref. 25780], Ng 2003:2 [ref. 27067], Sudarto et al. 2003:153 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:163 [ref. 28284], Ferraris 2007:145-146 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1578 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989], Ng & Kottelat 2014:443 [ref. 33579], Sulaiman et al. 2018:34 [ref. 35802], Taki et al. 2021:245 [ref. 39830], Low et al. 2022:393 [ref. 39370], Ahmad et al. 2023:117 [ref. 41243], Jamandre 2023:175 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Clarias meladerma Bleeker 1846. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Sundaland to the Mekong River basin and Philippines. Habitat: freshwater.

melanoderma, Clarias Bleeker [P.] 1858:341 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 4 (art. 2); ref. 365] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1862.2.4.5 (1), 1880.4.21.201 (1); RMNH 16413 (1). Bleeker specimens: MSNG 8215 (1), NMV 46087 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. Regarded as an unneeded replacement name for or unjustified emendation (see Teugels et al. 2001:90 [ref. 25350]) of Clarias melasoma Bleeker. Teugels et al. 2001:90 [ref. 25350] did not properly establish a lectotype for this species under the 1999 Code. Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155] lists the types as those mentioned by Bleeker 1858. •In the synonymy of Clarias meladerma Bleeker 1846 -- (Roberts 1989:127 [ref. 6439], Teugels et al. 2001:90 [ref. 25350], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias meladerma Bleeker 1846. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

melanopogon, Clarias Fowler [H. W.] 1936:301, Figs. 71-74 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] 30 kilometers east of Kribi, Cameroon. Holotype: ANSP 66075. Paratypes: ANSP 66076-96 (21), 66097 (1, missing). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias longior Boulenger 1907 -- (Teugels 1986:90 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:172 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias longior Boulenger 1907. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

melas, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1887:148 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 19 (no. 110) (art. 19); ref. 14472] Lower Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1887.1.13.6. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes melas (Boulenger 1887) -- (Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes melas (Boulenger 1887). Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Congo River system (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

melasoma, Clarias Bleeker [P.] 1852:427 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 16827] Kusan River, Prabukarta, southeastern Borneo; Mussi River, Palembang, southeastern Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) RMNH 6802 (1). Type information: Teugels et al. 2001:90 [ref. 25350]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. Later mentioned as melanosoma by Bleeker, see Clarias melanoderma Bleeker 1846. •Synonym of Clarias meladerma Bleeker 1846 -- (Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Teugels et al. 2001:91 [ref. 25350], Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias meladerma Bleeker 1846. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

mellandi, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1905:644 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 16 (no. 96) (art. 72); ref. 15342] Lake Bangwelo [Bangweolo], Zambia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1905.11.10.7. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias ngamensis Castelnau 1861 -- (Teugels 1986:15 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias ngamensis Castelnau 1861. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

microphthalmus, Clarias Pfeffer [G. J.] 1896:28 [Die Thierwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete v. 3; ref. 14617] Mbahe, Ugogo, Bubu, Tanzania. Holotype: ZMH H477 [orig. 7996]. Non-types: ZMB 14478 (1) Ugogo. Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:160 [ref. 19181], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:404 [ref. 21161], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

microphthalmus, Dolichallabes Poll [M.] 1942:97, Fig. a [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 3515] Kunungu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 44655. Paratypes: (5) MRAC 44656-59 (4), 62407 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:38 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dolichallabes microphthalmus Poll 1942 -- (Teugels 1986:97 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:199 [ref. 24781], Devaere et al. 2004:109 [ref. 27507], Proudlove 2006:268 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000]). Current status: Valid as Dolichallabes microphthalmus Poll 1942. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Congo River system (Democraic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

microspilus, Clarias Ng [H. H.] & Hadiaty [R. K.] 2011:1578, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Threatened Taxa v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 31220] Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, Sungai Lembang at Pasilembang, 3°01'N, 97°21'E, Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 8706. Paratypes: MZB 4768 (3, 8705 (1), 8713 (1)); ZRC 46418 (1), 51917 (4). •Valid as Clarias microspilus Ng & Hadiaty 2011 -- (Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias microspilus Ng & Hadiaty 2011. Clariidae. Distribution: Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

microstomus, Clarias Ng [H. H.] 2001:158, Fig. 1 [Zoological Studies v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 25460] Kayan River drainage, Ladang near Sungai Pingai, 2°00'09.6"N, 115°09'13.8"E, Kalimantan Timur, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 9336. Paratypes: RMNH 7540-41 (2, 4); ZRC 45776 (8). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:41 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias microstomus Ng 2001 -- (Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Ng 2004:294 [ref. 27992], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1584 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias microstomus Ng 2001. Clariidae. Distribution: Mahakam and Kayan River basins, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

monkei, Clarias Keilhack [L.] 1910:119 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 14589] Near Logobaba, Cameroon (4°02'N, 9°45'W). Syntypes: ZMB 17769 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Teugels 1986:76 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:492 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

monsembulai, Clarias Bernt [M. J.] & Stiassny [M. L. J.] 2022:4, Figs. 2-4, 5B [American Museum Novitates No. 3990; ref. 39552] Luilaka River at Ilenge, Salonga National Park, Equateur, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2°35'47"S, 21°34'36"E. Holotype: AMNH 244176. Paratypes: AMNH, MRAC. Plus aditional non-type material. •Valid as Clarias monsembulai Bernt & Stiassny 2022. Current status: Valid as Clarias monsembulai Bernt & Stiassny 2022. Clariidae. Distribution: Central Africa: middle Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

moorii, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1901:13 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 8 (no. 43) (art. 3); ref. 14749] Lake Albert [Lake Albert Nyanza]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1905.9.7.47. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

mortiauxi, Tanganikallabes Poll [M.] 1943:131, Figs. 1-4 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 37 (no. 1-2); ref. 3517] Albertville [Kalemie], Democratic Republic of Congo, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype (unique): MRAC 63731. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:69 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:152 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Tanganikallabes mortiauxi Poll 1943 -- (Teugels 1986:101 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:197 [ref. 24781], Ferraris 2007:152 [ref. 29155], Wright & Bailey 2012:126 [ref. 31953]). Current status: Valid as Tanganikallabes mortiauxi Poll 1943. Clariidae. Distribution: Eastern Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

mossambicus, Clarias Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852:682 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1852; ref. 18539] Mozambique. Syntypes: ?FMNH 54274 [CM 2904] (1); ZMB 3068 (2), 6591-93 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:27 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. Also in Peters 1868:32, Pl. 6 and 7 (figs. 2-3) [ref. 3440]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugles 1982:463 [ref. 27525], Teugels 1986:81 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Seegers et al. 2003:37 [ref. 28087], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

muelleri, Clarias Pietschmann [V.] 1939:184 [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste v. 14; ref. 17215] Eritrea. Holotype (unique): MSNT [Mus. de Triste]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. Original as Clarias mülleri. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725] as mulleri, Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

mutsindoziensis, Clariallabes Taverne [L.] & De Vos [L. D. G.] 1998:212, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 23316] Mutsindozi River, near its mouth at Malagarasi, at the vicinity of Gihofi, Burundi, 4°02'-4°04'S, 30°09'-30°11'E. Holotype: MRAC 96-31-P-53. Paratypes: MRAC 96-31-P-54 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes mutsindoziensis Taverne & De Vos 1998 -- (De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Ferraris 2007:137 [ref. 29155], Bigirimana et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41336]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes mutsindoziensis Taverne & De Vos 1998. Clariidae. Distribution: East Africa: Mutsindozi River, Lake Tanganyika basin (Burundi) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

nebulosus, Clarias Deraniyagala [P. E. P.] 1958:133, Pl. 2 (figs. 3-5, 7) [Spolia Zeylanica v. 28 (pt 2); ref. 11990] Kaluganga at Ratnapura, Sri Lanka. Holotype: NMSL FF 721 (lost). Paratypes: (5) NMSL FF747, FF756 and FF759 (lost). Type information: Pethiyagoda 1991:336 [ref. 20075]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias nebulosus Deraniyagala 1958 -- (Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860]). •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias nebulosus Deraniyagala 1958. Clariidae. Distribution: Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

neumanni, Clarias Hilgendorf [F. M.] 1905:409 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 15364] Utim, in Guassa Nyiro, flowing into the Nguruman Salt Lake, 1°50'S, 36°00'E, East Africa. Holotype (unique): ?ZMB 16384 [ex Nairobi Mus. = NMK]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. BMNH 1905.7.25.49 was regarded as the holotype by Seegers 1996:214 [ref. 23725] -- needs research. •Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898 -- (Teugels 1986:88 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:164 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:208 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]). •See Seegers et al. 2003:38 [ref. 28087]. Current status: Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ngamensis, Clarias Castelnau [F. L.] 1861:63 [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Lake Ngami, 17°50'S, 21°00'E, Botswana, southern Africa. Neotype: BMNH 1910.5.31.27. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. Original as N'gamensis. Neotype designated by Teugels 1983:17 [ref. 12851]. •Valid as Clarias ngamensis Castelnau 1861 -- (Teugels 1986:90 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:15 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Skelton 1993:230 [ref. 24071], Poll & Gosse 1995:195 [ref. 24781], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Skelton 2001:230 [ref. 27406], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Agnèse & Teugels 2005:552 [ref. 29271], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Marshall 2011:162 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:69 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Abwe et al. 2023:31 [ref. 39992]). Current status: Valid as Clarias ngamensis Castelnau 1861. Clariidae. Distribution: Widespread in southern and central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

ngola, Clarias Lönnberg [E.] & Rendahl [H.] 1920:170, Fig. 1 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 6 (no. 31); ref. 15241] Kingoyi (4°28'S, 13°49'E), Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): NRM 9908. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias dumerilii Steindachner 1866 -- (Teugels 1986:77 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:148 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Hanssens 2009:38 [ref. 30167]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nieuhofii, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:386 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] "Indé". Lectotype: MNHN B-0300. Paralectotypes: Nieuhof specimens (2, whereabouts unknown) [not this species]. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:47 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. See van Oijen et al. 2009:304 [ref. 30423]. Based also on Nieuhof (1681) material and figure (reproduced in Ng et al. 2011:65 [ref. 31263] as Fig. 3). Lectotype selected by Ng et al. 2011:65 [ref. 31263]. •Valid as Prophagorus nieuhofi (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes 1840 -- (Roberts 1989:128 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:78 [ref. 23448], Roberts 1993:31 [ref. 21799], Kottelat & Lim 1996:242 [ref. 23210], Rainboth 1996:163 [ref. 22772], Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Lim & Ng 1999:157 [ref. 23893], Teugels et al. 1999:286 [ref. 24246], Tan & Ng 1999:292 [ref. 24254], Sudarto et al. 2003:153 [ref. 27238], Ng 2003:396 [ref. 27372], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Ng et al. 2011:65 [ref. 31263], Ng et al. 2011:65 [ref. 31263] with discussion, Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Baker & Leong 2014:28 [ref. 41142], Sulaiman et al. 2018:34 [ref. 35802], Ng et al. 2019:532 [ref. 36606], Ahmad et al. 2023:117 [ref. 41243], Jamandre 2023:175 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Distribution: Widespread in Asia and Southeast Asia [but a complex of species on ref. 31263]. Habitat: freshwater.

nigeriae, Clarias Popta [C. M. L.] 1919:4 [Zoologische Mededeelingen (Leiden) v. 5 (art. 2); ref. 15228] Wari River, mouth of Niger River, West Africa. Holotype (unique): RMNH 10332. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Teugels 1986:76 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:492 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigeriensis, Clarias anguillaris Pellegrin [J.] 1923:213 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 29 (no. 3); ref. 20297] Niger River. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1922-0161 (skull), B-0215 (dry). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Teugels 1986:73 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:24 [ref. 12548] with question, Paugy & Bénech 1989:302 [ref. 26478] with question, Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:481 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigricans, Clarias Ng [H. H.] 2003:393, Figs. 1, 2a, 4a [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 51 (no. 2); ref. 27372] Market in Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10705. Paratypes: ZMA 121631 (5), ZRC 45590 Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:41 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias nigricans Ng 2003 -- (Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1584 [ref. 31220], Ng et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31263], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias nigricans Ng 2003. Clariidae. Distribution: Mahakam River drainage, Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

nigromarmoratus, Clarias Poll [M.] 1967:229, Fig. 106 [Publicações Culturais, Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG), Lisboa No. 75; ref. 3528] Luíta River, Angola. Holotype: MD 6484. Paratypes: MD 447 (1), 5388 (3), 5498 (1), MRAC 161985 (1), 161986-89 (4), 161990 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:35 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias nigromarmoratus Poll 1967 -- (Teugels 1986:91 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:131 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Clarias nigromarmoratus Poll 1967. Clariidae. Distribution: Southern central Africa: central Congo River system (Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola). Habitat: freshwater.

noensis, Clarias Pellegrin [J.] 1921:636 [Comptes rendus de l'Association Française pour l'Advancement des Sciences, Congrès de Strasbourg; ref. 30437] Not available, name only. Misspelling for Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909. •In the synonymy of Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Clarias jaensis Boulenger 1909. Clariidae.

nops, Gymnallabes Roberts [T. R.] & Stewart [D. J.] 1976:277, Pls. 7 (fig. e), 8 (fig. a) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 147 (no. 6); ref. 7388] Lower Congo River, near Tadi, Democratic Republic of Congo, 5°14'S, 13°56'E. Holotype (unique): MCZ 50298. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Gymnallabes nops Roberts & Stewart 1976 -- (Teugels 1986:98 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:199 [ref. 24781], Devaere et al. 2004:108 [ref. 27507], Proudlove 2006:268 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Gymnallabes nops Roberts & Stewart 1976. Clariidae. Distribution: Lower Congo River, southwestern central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

notozygurus, Clarias Lönnberg [E.] & Rendahl [H.] 1922:125, Fig. 3 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 10 (no. 55); ref. 15352] Lukosi River, tributary to the Luala, Lower Congo. Holotype (unique): NRM 9933. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

nyasensis, Clarias Worthington [E. B.] 1933:308, Fig. 9 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London Part 2; ref. 16532] Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1932.11.15.584. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1932.11.15.585-591 (7). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Greenwood 1961:221 [ref. 9355]. •Valid as Dinotopterus nyasensis (Worthington 1933) -- (Greenwood 1961:221 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:97 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:149 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Bathyclarias nyasensis (Worthington 1933) -- (Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481] as nyaensis, Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111]). Current status: Valid as Bathyclarias nyasensis (Worthington 1933). Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

obscurus, Clarias Poll [M.] 1948:22, Figs. 8-9 [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 24 (no. 21); ref. 13069] Pweto, Lake Moero [Lake Mweru], Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: IRSNB 86. Paratypes: IRSNB 87-88 (1, 1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:15 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:35 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155] •Synonym of Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879 -- (Teugels 1986:75 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:80 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155], Bernt & Stiassny 2022:15 [ref. 39552]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ogooensis, Channallabes Devaere [S.], Adriaens [D.] & Verraes [W.] 2007:104, Fig. 9 [Belgian Journal of Zoology v. 137 (no. 1); ref. 29166] Moanda, Gabon, 1°33'S, 13°16'E. Holotype: MRAC A4-31-P-170. Paratypes: MRAC A4-31-P-165-169 (5). •Valid as Channallabes ogooensis Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes 2007 -- (Teugels et al. 2007:663 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:150 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Channallabes ogooensis Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes 2007. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Ogowe River system (Gabon) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

olivaceus, Chlarias Fowler [H. W.] 1904:499, Pl. 28 (lower fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype: ANSP 27280. Paratypes: (4) ANSP 27281-82 (3) [label indicates 2 paratypes, 3 fish in jar]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. Original genus should have been Clarias. •Valid as Clarias olivaceus Fowler 1904 -- (Ng 1999:17 [ref. 23892], Tan & Ng 1999:292 [ref. 24254], Ng 2001:159 [ref. 25460], Ng 2003:2 [ref. 27067], Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1578 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias olivaceus Fowler 1904. Clariidae. Distribution: Sumata, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

ornatus, Clarias Poll [M.] 1943:306 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 37 (no. 3-4); ref. 3518] Bururi, Haute Malagarazi, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype (unique): MRAC 56002. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:36 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898 -- (Teugels 1986:89 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:164 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:208 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]). •Uncertain as a synonym. Current status: Uncertain as Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

orontis, Clarias Günther [A.] 1864:15 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Orontes River, Syria. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.6.25.3. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. Based on literature sources and one specimen. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:83 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:480 [ref. 21590], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155], Çiçek et al. 2024:280 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

oxycephalus, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1913:67 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 67); ref. 14948] Akonolinga, Nyong River, southern Cameroon. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1913.10.29.7. •Synonym of Clarias pachynema Boulenger 1903 -- (Teugels 1980:690 [ref. 21193], Teugels 1986:92 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:117 [ref. 12548], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:490 [ref. 21590]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias pachynema Boulenger 1903. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pachynema, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1903:438 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 70) (art. 42); ref. 15018] Ja River, southern Cameroon. Lectotype: BMNH 1903.7.28.191. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1903.7.28.192-193 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Teugels 1980:686 [ref. 21193]. •Valid as Clarias pachynema Boulenger 1903 -- (Teugels 1980:678 [ref. 21193], Teugels 1986:92 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:117 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:490 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:683 [ref. 30030], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:152 [ref. 39448], Walsh et al. 2022:[6] [ref. 39281]). Current status: Valid as Clarias pachynema Boulenger 1903. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: coastal rivers of Cameroon and Gabon, to central Congo River system (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

parvimanus, Clarias Günther [A.] 1864:15 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Nile River. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1859.7.29.21. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Teugels 1986:73 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:24 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pentapterus, Clarias Bleeker [P.] 1851:206 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 329] Bandjarmasin, Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6874. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes 1840 -- (Roberts 1989:128 [ref. 6439] as nieuhofi, Ng 1999:18 [ref. 23892], Ng 2003:396 [ref. 27372], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155], Ng et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31263], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

petricola, Clariallabes Greenwood [P. H.] 1956:556, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 127 (pt 4); ref. 12197] Nile River, about 1/2 miles below the Owen-falls dam, Jinja, Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1956.10.9.204. Paratypes: (34) BMNH 1956.10.9.202-203 (2), 1956.10.9.205-215 (11), 1956.10.9.216-221 (6). Additional material: (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes petricola Greenwood 1956 -- (Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Seegers et al. 2003:37 [ref. 28087], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155], Akoth et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40069]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes petricola Greenwood 1956. Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Victoria and the Victoria Nile, east central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

phillipsi, Clarias Norman [J. R.] 1925:189, Pl. 11 [Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 5; ref. 15559] Lake Chahafi, Kigezi District, southwestern Uganda. Holotype: MCZ 31519. Paratypes: (4) BMNH 1925.8.7.3 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898 -- (Teugels 1986:89 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:164 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:208 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pietschmanni, Allabenchelys Güntert [H.] 1938:25 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 75 (no. 4) (for 17 Feb. 1938); ref. 17195] Njong River, Cameroon. Syntypes (26): NMW 46063 (?now 27), ?NMW 47933 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]. Appeared in more detail in Güntert 1938:299 [ref. 17146]. •Valid as Clariallabes pietschmanni (Güntert 1938) -- (Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes pietschmanni (Güntert 1938). Clariidae. Distribution: Njong River, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

planiceps, Clarias Ng [H. H.] 1999:22, Figs. 4b, 5, 6 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 47 (no. 1); ref. 23892] Belakin area, Ulu Sungai Anap, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. Holotype: SMK uncat. Paratypes: CMK 11999-12000 (1, 1); FMNH 68103-04 (22, 4), 68105 (8, 1 c&s), 68569 (1), 68926 (18), 68932 (26, 1 c&s); MZB 6666 (1); USNM 323727-29 (1, 1, 2), 323733-34 (2, 1), 323736 (1), 323738 (1); ZRC 37800 (1), 37809 (1), 37820 (1), 42543 (1), 42545 (1), 45544 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:41 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias planiceps Ng 1999 -- (Ng & Rachmatika 1999:179 [ref. 23964], Ng 2001:159 [ref. 25460], Doi et al. 2001:16 [ref. 25691], Ng 2003:2, 6 [ref. 27067], Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27680], Parenti & Lim 2005:192 [ref. 28285], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1578 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias planiceps Ng 1999. Clariidae. Distribution: Western and eastern Borneo. Habitat: freshwater.

platycephalus, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:35, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 2 (fasc. 2); ref. 562] Monsembé, Upper Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1901.12.21.43. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias platycephalus Boulenger 1902 -- (Teugels 1986:92 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:50 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:685 [ref. 30030], Hanssens 2009:29 [ref. 30167], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Fermon et al. 2022:152 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Clarias platycephalus Boulenger 1902. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon and Gabon to central Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola). Habitat: freshwater.

platycephalus, Heterobranchus Nichols [J. T.] & LaMonte [F. R.] 1934:2, Fig. 2 [American Museum Novitates No. 723; ref. 16441] Luluabourg [Kananga], Kasai District, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): AMNH 12356. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840 -- (Teugels 1986:100 [ref. 6193], Seegers 1996:211 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:151 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes 1840. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

platyprosopos, Clariallabes Jubb [R. A.] 1965:393, Fig. 1 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 13) v. 7 (no. 79) (for 1964); ref. 9218] About 15 miles above Victoria Falls, between the Katambora rapids and the Victoria Falls, upper Zambezi River, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Holotype (unique): AMG P1050 (damaged). Type catalog: Skelton & Stuart 1987:184 [ref. 12628], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155] Misspelled 'plaryprosopos' in figure caption on p. 394 of original description. •Valid as Clariallabes platyprosopos Jubb 1965 -- (Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Skelton 1993:235 [ref. 24071], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Skelton 2001:235 [ref. 27406], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155], Marshall 2011:165 [ref. 31755] wrongly dated 1964, Bruton et al. 2018:72 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes platyprosopos Jubb 1965. Clariidae. Distribution: Southern Africa: Okavango and upper Zambezi River systems. Habitat: freshwater.

poensis, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1908:1078, Fig. 252 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1907 (pt 4) (art. 2) (for 10 Dec. 1907); ref. 14304] Fernando Póo Island [Bioco Island], Equatorial Guinea, Gulf of Guinea. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1904.7.23.49. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Teugels 1986:76 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

populi, Horaglanis Raghavan [R.], Sundar [R. L.], Arjun [C. P.], Britz [R.] & Dahanukar [N.] 2023:66, Figs. 5-6 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 73; ref. 39892] Dug-out well at Malapally, Kerala state, southern India, elevation 21 meters. Holotype: KUFOS F.2022.101. Paratypes: KUFOS F.2022.102 - 106 (5). •Valid as Horaglanis populi Raghavan, Sundar, Arjun, Britz & Dahanukar 2023. Current status: Valid as Horaglanis populi Raghavan, Sundar, Arjun, Britz & Dahanukar 2023. Clariidae. Distribution: South Asia: lateritic aquifer systems in the southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

prentissgrayi, Dinotopteroides Fowler [H. W.] 1930:41, Fig. 10 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 82; ref. 1406] Quanza River, Chouzo, Angola. Holotype: ANSP 51798. Paratypes: ANSP 51799 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias ngamensis Castelnau 1861 -- (Teugels 1986:91 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:15 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:146 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias ngamensis Castelnau 1861. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

prognatha, Pseudotanganikallabes Wright [J. J.] 2017:9, Figs. 2-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 91 (no. 3); ref. 35493] Cliffs of Chituta Bay, bottom of bay on west side, Lake Tanganyika, Zambia, 8°43.82'S, 31°9.41'E. Holotype: SAIAB 80226. Paratypes: SAIAB. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Pseudotanganikallabes prognatha Wright 2017. Current status: Valid as Pseudotanganikallabes prognatha Wright 2017. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeastern coast of Lake Tanganyika, Zambia, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

prolatus, Encheloclarias Ng [P. K. L.] & Lim [K. K. P.] 1993:29, Fig. 6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 20827] Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): SM 5686 [probably lost]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Encheloclarias prolatus Ng & Lim 1993 -- (Kottelat & Lim 1996:243 [ref. 23210], Burgess & Finley 1996:165 [ref. 22901], Ng & Tan 2000:537 [ref. 25044], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155], Ng 2012:132 [ref. 32295], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Encheloclarias baculum Ng & Lim 1993 -- (Tan et al. 2023:238 [ref. 40061]). Current status: Synonym of Encheloclarias baculum Ng & Lim 1993. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pseudoleiacanthus, Clarias Sudarto [no initials], Teugels [G. G.] & Pouyaud [L.] 2003:156, Figs. 1 A-B [Cybium v. 27 (no. 2); ref. 27238] Satong, peat swamp at about 30 kilometers after Ketapang on the road to Sukadana, Borneo, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10964. Paratypes: MNHN 2002-1284 (6), MRAC 2002-027-P-1-3 (3), ZRC 47145 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:41 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias pseudoleiacanthus Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud 2003 -- (Ng 2004:294 [ref. 27992], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Ng & Kottelat 2014:443 [ref. 33579]). Current status: Valid as Clarias pseudoleiacanthus Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud 2003. Clariidae. Distribution: Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

pseudonieuhofii, Clarias Sudarto [no initials], Teugels [G. G.] & Pouyaud [L.] 2004:15, Fig. 3 [Zoological Studies v. 43 (no. 1); ref. 27680] Semitau, near the Danau Sentarum Reserve, upstream Kapuas River, on road between Sintang and Putussibau, West Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10966. Paratypes: MNHN 2002-3389 (4), 2002-3390 (1); MRAC A3-07-P-1 (1); ZRC 47411 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:41 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias pseudonieuhofii Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud 2004 -- (Ng 2004:294 [ref. 27992], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1584 [ref. 31220], Ng et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31263], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Ng & Kottelat 2014:443 [ref. 33579]). Current status: Valid as Clarias pseudonieuhofii Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud 2004. Clariidae. Distribution: Upper Kapuas River basin, West Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

pulcher, Clarias Popta [C. M. L.] 1904:179 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 24 (no. 4) (art. 6) (for Oct. 1902); ref. 3547] Howong River, Central Borneo. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7542. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias teijsmanni Bleeker 1857 -- (Ng 1999:18 [ref. 23892], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias leiacanthus Beeker 1851 -- (Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Synonym of Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker 1851. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pulicaris, Clarias Richardson [J.] 1845:135, Pl. 62 (figs. 5-6) [Ichthyology.--Part 3. The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur.; ref. 20575] Canton, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1868.3.11.22. Type information: Whitehead 1970:210 [ref. 11606]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias fuscus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Zheng et al. 1989:274 [ref. 21202] as pulicardson, Yue in Chu et al. 1999:182 [ref. 24534], Ferraris 2007:142 [ref. 29155], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). •Not treated in Zhang et al. 2016:181 [ref. 34477]. Current status: Synonym of Clarias fuscus (Lacepède 1803). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:384 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias punctatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Roberts 1993:30 [ref. 21799]). •Synonym of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Ng 1999:18 [ref. 23892], Menon 1999:260 [ref. 24904], Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155], Kottelat 2013:242 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rennyae, Clarias Low [B. W.], Ng [H. H.] & Tan [H. H.] 2022:389, Figs. 3, 4A [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 70; ref. 39370] Blackwater tributary of Sungai Sekeram, Pulau Natuna Besar, 3°50'28.6"N, 108°03'47.1"E. Holotype: MZB 17237. Paratypes: MZB 17238 (1), ZRC 62074 (1), ZRC 62075 (1). •Valid as Clarias rennyae Low, Ng & Tan 2022. Current status: Valid as Clarias rennyae Low, Ng & Tan 2022. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Pulau Natuna Besar, Natuna Archipelago, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

robecchii, Clarias Vinciguerra [D.] 1893:450 [3] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 13; ref. 14538] Uebi Scebeli River, Somalia. Syntypes: MSNG 8138 (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:309 [ref. 10351], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. On p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:84 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

rotundifrons, Bathyclarias Jackson [P. B. N.] 1959:118, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 132 (pt 1); ref. 2312] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2.29.11. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus rotundifrons (Jackson 1959) -- (Greenwood 1961:226 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:97 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Bathyclarias rotundifrons Jackson 1959 -- (Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Bathyclarias rotundifrons Jackson 1959. Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

salae, Clarias Hubrecht [A. A. W.] 1881:68 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 14287] St. Paul River, Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 5373 (smallest specimen). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1895.5.8.10-11 (2), RMNH ?5364 (1), ?5373 (largest). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Teugels 1986:103 [ref. 12548]. •Valid as Clarias salae Hubrecht 1881 -- (Teugels 1986:93 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:103 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Lévêque et al. 1989:119 [ref. 26480], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:489 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clarias salae Hubrecht 1881. Clariidae. Distribution: Western Africa: Guinea to Côte d'Ivoire. Habitat: freshwater.

sanghaensis, Channallabes Devaere [S.], Adriaens [D.] & Verraes [W.] 2007:21, Fig. 8 [Belgian Journal of Zoology v. 137 (no. 1); ref. 29165] River Mbessy, close to village of Ntchouo, 0°46'N, 14°19'E, Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC A4-31-P-171-183 (114 mm spec.). Paratypes: MTAC A4-31-P--171-183 (12). •Valid as Channallabes sanghaensis Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes 2007. Current status: Valid as Channallabes sanghaensis Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes 2007. Clariidae. Distribution: Congo River system, Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

sauteri, Clarias Regan [C. T.] 1908:151 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 1 (no. 2) (art. 24); ref. 14338] Kagi [Chia-yi], Taiwan. Syntypes: (19) BMNH 1908.5.27.16-22 (7); SMNS 4369 (12). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155], Ho & Shao 2011:33 [ref. 31432]. •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias fuscus (Lacepède 1803) -- (Ho & Shao 2011:33 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias fuscus (Lacepède 1803). Clariidae. Distribution: Taiwan. Habitat: freshwater.

senegalensis, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:376 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Oualofs, Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN A-8667 (1, dry), A-9429 (1, dry) Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:45 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155] •Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Teugles 1982:463 [ref. 27525], Teugels 1986:71 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:24 [ref. 12548], Lévêque 1990:43 [ref. 19786], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:481 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:140 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus 1758). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

senegalensis, Heterobranchus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:397 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Senegal. Holotype (unique): MNHN (skull). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809 -- (Teugels 1986:98 [ref. 6193], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:471 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Heterobranchus bidorsalis Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

serniosus, Clarias Ng [H. H.] & Kottelat [M.] 2014:438, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 3884 (no. 5); ref. 33579] Champasak Province, Bolavens Plateau, Houay Slarm near Ban Pha Nouandong, a tributary of Houay Xoy, itself a tributary of Xe Pian, 15°02'34"N, 106°21'53"E, Laos, elevation 985 meters. Holotype: MHNG 2745.072. Paratypes: CMK 23382 (1). •Valid as Clarias serniosus Ng & Kottelat 2014. Current status: Valid as Clarias serniosus Ng & Kottelat 2014. Clariidae. Distribution: Xe Pian drainage, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

simeonsi, Clariallabes Poll [M.] 1941:4, Figs. 2, 5 [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 17 (no. 50); ref. 13177] Uele, Mosongolia River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: IRSNB 61. Paratypes: (7): IRSNB 62 (4); MRAC 66556-58 (3), 66624 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:35 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes simeonsi Poll 1941 -- (Teugels 1986:68 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes simeonsi Poll 1941. Clariidae. Distribution: Uélé River basin, Congo River system, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

smithii, Clarias Günther [A.] 1896:219, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896 (pt 1) (art. 2) (for 4 Feb. 1896); ref. 14606] Middle course of the Shebele River, Somalia, eastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1895.12.31.65. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

stappersii, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1915:168 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 4 (fasc. 2); ref. 15086] Tributary of Lukinda River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 14139. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias stappersii Boulenger 1915 -- (Teugels 1986:93 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:61 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Skelton 1993:231 [ref. 24071], Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Skelton 2001:231 [ref. 27406], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Marshall 2011:163 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:70 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564], Abwe et al. 2023:31 [ref. 39992]). Current status: Valid as Clarias stappersii Boulenger 1915. Clariidae. Distribution: Central and southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

stewarti, Tanganikallabes Wright [J. J.] & Bailey [R. M.] 2012:132, Figs. 3C, 4B, 11-13 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 165; ref. 31953] Between Mutumba and Magara among rocks, 3°40'S, 29°20'E, Burundi, Lake Tanganyika. Holotype: UMMZ 249379. Paratypes: many at MRAC, SAIAB and UMMZ. •Valid as Tanganikallabes stewarti Wright & Bailey 2012. Current status: Valid as Tanganikallabes stewarti Wright & Bailey 2012. Clariidae. Distribution: East Africa: Lake Tanganyika. Habitat: freshwater.

submarginatus, Clarias Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1882:74 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1882; ref. 18547] Cameroon. Lectotype: ZMB 11895 (largest specimen). Paralectotypes: ZMB 11895 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Sydenham 1978:358 [ref. 22253]. •Valid as Clarias submarginatus Peters 1882 -- (Sydenham 1978:358 [ref. 22253], Teugels 1986:93 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:107 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:685 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:152 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Clarias submarginatus Peters 1882. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon and Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

sulcatus, Clarias Ng [H. H.] 2004:290, Figs. 1, 2a [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 27992] Stream on east slope of west ridge, Pulau Redang, Terengganu, Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 22665. Paratypes: ZRC 22666 (1), 22717 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:42 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Clarias sulcatus Ng 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Ng & Hadiaty 2011:1584 [ref. 31220], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Clarias sulcatus Ng 2004. Clariidae. Distribution: Terengganu, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

syriacus, Clarias Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:375 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Syria. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9426 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:44 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:81 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Krupp & Schneider 1989:387 [ref. 13651], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Fricke et al. 2007:54 [ref. 29533], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

tapeinopterus, Heterobranchus Bleeker [P.] 1853:732 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 16829] Toboali Province, Bangka, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6806. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. See van Oijen et al. 2009:291 [ref. 30423]. •Valid as Heterobranchus tapeinopterus Bleeker 1853 -- (Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Encheloclarias tapeinopterus (Bleeker 1853) -- (Roberts 1989:128 [ref. 6439], Ng & Lim 1993:25 [ref. 20827], Kottelat et al. 1993:78 [ref. 23448], Burgess & Finley 1996:165 [ref. 22901], Ng & Tan 2000:537 [ref. 25044], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155], Ng 2012:114 [ref. 32295], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Tan et al. 2023:238 [ref. 40061]). Current status: Valid as Encheloclarias tapeinopterus (Bleeker 1853). Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Bangka Island, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

teijsmanni, Clarias Bleeker [P.] 1857:344 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 16868] Tjikoppo [Tjikopupo], Bogor Province, Java, Indonesia, elevation 900 meters. Holotype (?): RMNH 6803. Bleeker specimens: AMS B.8031 (1) Java; BMNH 1863.12.4.62 (1) Java. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]. Original as teijsmanni, with Dutch "ij" equivalent to y in Latin; probably should be spelled teysmanni. See van Oijen et al. 2009:302 [ref. 30423]. •Valid as Clarias teysmanni Bleeker 1857 -- (Roberts 1989:128 [ref. 6439], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Clarias teijsmanni Bleeker 1857 -- (Lim et al. 1990:46 [ref. 16753], Kottelat et al. 1993:78 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:242 [ref. 23210], Burgess & Finley 1996:165 [ref. 22901], Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:591 [ref. 23647]). •Synonym if Clarius leiacanthus Bleeker 1851 but some incorrectly placed -- (Ng 1999:18 [ref. 23892], Lim & Ng 1999:157 [ref. 23893], Ng & Tan 1999:362 [ref. 24159], Teugels et al. 1999:286 [ref. 24246], Tan & Ng 1999:294 [ref. 24254], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias leiacanthus Beeker 1851 -- (Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238], Sudarto et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27680], Kottelat 2013:243 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker 1851. Clariidae. Distribution: Kapuas River, Borneo and Java. Habitat: freshwater.

tenuis, Clarias Güntert [H.] 1938:302 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 124 (nos 11/12); ref. 17146] China (exact locality unknown). Syntypes: NMW 47074 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

teugelsi, Channallabes Devaere [S.], Adriaens [D.] & Verraes [W.] 2007:104, Fig. 10 [Belgian Journal of Zoology v. 137 (no. 1); ref. 29166] Magogo, 1 kilometer from Lékoli, Komono-Sibiti road, Republic of Congo, 2°36'S, 13°38'E. Holotype: MRAC 78-22-P-1046. Paratypes: MRAC 75-24-P-683-693 (11), 78-22-P-1047-1050 (4), 78-22-P-1051 (1). •Valid as Channallabes teugelsi Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes 2007 -- (Teugels et al. 2007:663 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:151 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Channallabes teugelsi Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes 2007. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon and Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

teugelsi, Clariallabes Ferraris [C. J., Jr.] 2007:138 [Zootaxa No. 1418; ref. 29155] Kinshasa [Leopoldville], Lower Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: MRAC 44011-013 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]. Replacement name for Carias (Allabenchelys) dumerili longibarbis David & Poll 1937, preoccupied by Clarias longibarbis Worthington 1933. •Valid as Clariallabes teugelsi Ferraris 2007. Current status: Valid as Clariallabes teugelsi Ferraris 2007. Clariidae. Distribution: Lower Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

theodorae, Clarias Weber [M.] 1897:150 [Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere (Jena) v. 10; ref. 14640] Umhloti River at Verulam, Natal, South Africa. Holotype (unique): ZMA 100647. Type catalog: Matthes 1964:180 [ref. 19237], Nijssen et al. 1982:41 [ref. 19236], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias theodorae Weber 1897 -- (Teugels 1986:94 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:111 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], Skelton 1993:233 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:233 [ref. 27406], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Ferraris 2007:147 [ref. 29155], Marshall 2011:163 [ref. 31755], Bruton et al. 2018:71 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Abwe et al. 2023:31 [ref. 39992], Bigirimana et al. 2024:35 [ref. 41336] as cf. theodorae). Current status: Valid as Clarias theodorae Weber 1897. Clariidae. Distribution: Southern and eastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

thienemanni, Clarias Ahl [E.] 1934:235 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1934 (nos 4-7); ref. 16408] Porsea, Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: (4) ZMB 20931, 20934, 20944. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Clarias leiacanthus Beeker 1851 -- (Sudarto et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27238]). •Species inquirenda in Clarias -- (Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Clarias olivaceus Fowler 1904 -- (Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias olivaceus Fowler 1904. Clariidae. Distribution: Indonesia (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

thysvillensis, Clarias (Allabenchelys) submarginatus David [L.] & Poll [M.] 1937:231 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 3 (fasc. 5); ref. 1043] Thysville, Congo Belge. Holotype (unique): MRAC 37550. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:36 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Teugels 1986:76 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

tihoni, Gymnallabes Poll [M.] 1944:79, Pl. [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 38 (no. 1); ref. 13182] Kinshasa [Leopoldville], Democratic Republic of Congo. Neotype: MRAC 103307. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:42 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:152 [ref. 29155]. Originally based on a photograph; redescribed by Poll in 1857:240 where he selected a new "holotype" which Derijst 1991:43 [ref. 21528] regards as neotype designation; neotype designation probably should date to Derijst. •Valid as Platyallabes tihoni (Poll 1944) -- (Teugels 1986:100 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:199 [ref. 24781], Devaere et al. 2005:1653 [ref. 28559]). •Valid as Gymnallabes tihoni Poll 1944 -- (Proudlove 2006:268 [ref. 28992]). Current status: Valid as Platyallabes tihoni (Poll 1944). Clariidae. Distribution: Central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

tsanensis, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:438 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 10 (no. 60) (art. 59); ref. 14852] Zegi, Lake Tsana, Ethiopia. Syntypes: (5) BMNH 1902.12.13.441-443 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

typus, Gymnallabes Günther [A.] 1867:111 [3], Pl. 2 (fig. A) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 116) (art. 15); ref. 1989] West Africa, probably Old Calabar. Syntypes: BMNH 1866.12.4.1-2 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155]. On p. 3 of separate. •Valid as Gymnallabes typus Günther 1867 -- (Teugels 1986:98 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:470 [ref. 21590], Poll & Gosse 1995:199 [ref. 24781], Devaere et al. 2004:108 [ref. 27507], Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155], Teugels et al. 2007:665 [ref. 30030], Fermon et al. 2022:152 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Gymnallabes typus Günther 1867. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Nigeria south to Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

uelensis, Clarias (Allabenchelys) Poll [M.] 1941:14, Fig. 6 [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 17 (no. 50); ref. 13177] Uele, Mosongolia River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: IRSNB 63. Paratypes: IRSNB 64-65 (1, 1), MRAC 66554-55 (2). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:15 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:36 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes uelensis (Poll 1941) -- (Teugels 1986:69 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes uelensis (Poll 1941). Clariidae. Distribution: Uélé River, Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

vandenhoutei, Clarias Poll [M.] 1941:137, Fig. 3 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 34 (no. 2); ref. 13178] River Maseï at confluence with River Bon de Boan, River Nuon system, Ivory Coast. Holotype: MRAC 66360. Paratypes: MRAC 66361-62 (1, 1), 66363-64 (2), 66365-66 (2), 66367-69 (3), 66370-72 (3). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:36 [ref. 21528], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias laeviceps Gill 1862 -- (Teugels 1986:87 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:143 [ref. 12548], Paugy et al. 1990:340 [ref. 26477], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:491 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:144 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias laeviceps Gill 1862. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

variabilis, Clariallabes Pellegrin [J.] 1926:201 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 17939] Several localities, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: MNHN 1926-0151 to 0154 (1, 1, 1, 1); MRAC 19689-90 (1, 1), 19692 (1), 19694 (1), 19696 (1), 19702 (1), 19712-14 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:47 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clariallabes variabilis Pellegrin 1926 -- (Teugels 1986:69 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:145 [ref. 12860], Taverne & De Vos 1998:214 [ref. 23316], Ferraris 2007:138 [ref. 29155], Skelton 2019:235 [ref. 36564], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000]). Current status: Valid as Clariallabes variabilis Pellegrin 1926. Clariidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Congo River system (Democratic Republic of Congo; Angola). Habitat: freshwater.

varispinis, Clarias Fowler [H. W.] 1936:301, Figs. 67-70 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] Nola, middle Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): ANSP 65887. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:60 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Clarias platycephalus Boulenger 1902 -- (Teugels 1986:92 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:50 [ref. 12548]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias platycephalus Boulenger 1902. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

velatus, Encheloclarias Ng [H. H.] & Tan [H. H.] 2000:536, Fig. 1 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 57 (no. 2); ref. 25044] Angso Duo market, Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 9335. Paratypes: ZRC 44113 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155], Ng & Kim 2008:45 [ref. 29920]. •Valid as Encheloclarias velatus Ng & Tan 2000 -- (Ferraris 2007:150 [ref. 29155], Ng 2012:132 [ref. 32295], Kottelat 2013:244 [ref. 32989], Tan et al. 2023:204 [ref. 40060], Tan et al. 2023:238 [ref. 40061]). Current status: Valid as Encheloclarias velatus Ng & Tan 2000. Clariidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: central Sumatra and Bintan Island, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

vinciguerrae, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:438 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 10 (no. 60) (art. 59); ref. 14852] Kassam River at Awhorra Mullka, Shoa, Ethiopia, elevation about 4000 feet. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1902.12.13.444. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:85 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

walkeri, Clarias Günther [A.] 1896:274, Pl. 14 (fig. B) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 17 (no. 100) (art. 37); ref. 14607] Ogowe River, Gabon. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1896.5.5.54. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Clarias walkeri Günther 1896 -- (Sydenham 1978:364 [ref. 22253]). •Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895 -- (Teugels 1986:75 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:154 [ref. 12548], Lévèque et al. 1991:143 [ref. 31367], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:492 [ref. 21590], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg 1895. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

werneri, Clarias Boulenger [G. A.] 1906:569 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 102) (art. 73); ref. 17096] Buganga, Lake Victoria. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.5.30.165. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1905.11.13.5 (1) east of Gondokoro, 1906.5.30.162-164 (3) Bunjako, 1906.5.30.165 (1) Buganga, 1906.5.30.166 (1) Bunjako. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Teugels 1986:126 [ref. 12548]. •Valid as Clarias werneri Boulenger 1906 -- (Teugels 1986:95 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:126 [ref. 12548], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860], De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Seegers et al. 2003:38 [ref. 28087], Ferraris 2007:148 [ref. 29155], Moritz et al. 2019:142 [ref. 36792], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[10] 709 [ref. 38315], Akoth et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40069]). Current status: Valid as Clarias werneri Boulenger 1906. Clariidae. Distribution: Eastern-central Africa: Lakes Victoria, Kioga, Edward and Tanganyika and upper Nile River. Habitat: freshwater.

worthingtoni, Bathyclarias Jackson [P. B. N.] 1959:123, Fig. 6 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London v. 132 (pt 1); ref. 2312] Nkata Bay, Lake Malawi [Lake Nyasa], southeastern Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2.29.18. Paratypes: BMNH 1960.2.29.33-34 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dinotopterus worthingtoni (Jackson 1959) -- (Greenwood 1961:227 [ref. 9355], Teugels 1986:97 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:146 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Bathyclarias worthingtoni Jackson 1959 -- (Agnèse & Teugels 2001:685 [ref. 25481], Snoeks 2004:24 [ref. 28111], Ferraris 2007:136 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Bathyclarias worthingtoni Jackson 1959. Clariidae. Distribution: Lake Malawi, southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

xenodon, Clarias Günther [A.] 1864:16 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Senegal, western Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1863.7.30.2. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) -- (Teugels 1986:83 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:35 [ref. 12548], Teugels in Lévêque et al. 1992:480 [ref. 21590], Seegers 1996:205 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:143 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822). Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

youngicus, Clarias Ricardo-Bertram [C. K.] 1943:208 [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 41 (no. 278); ref. 13217] Lake Young, Shiwa Ngandu, Bangweulu region, southern central Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1943.7.27.377-382 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898 -- (Teugels 1986:89 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:164 [ref. 12548], Seegers 1996:208 [ref. 23725], Ferraris 2007:145 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias liocephalus Boulenger 1898. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.

zammaranoi, Uegitglanis Gianferrari [L.] 1923:1, Pl. 1 [Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali di Milano v. 62; ref. 1608] Pool in Uegit, El Uegit, Somalia. Holotype: MSNM 37 [ex MSNM 4281a]. Paratypes: ?BMNH 1925.10.21.1 (1), 1927.10.21.1 (1); MNHN 1924-0220 [ex MSNM] (1); USNM 93131 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:47 [ref. 19575], Conci & Michelangeli 1974:226 [ref. 21560], Ferraris & Vari 1992:16 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:153 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Uegitglanis zammaranoi Gianferrari 1923 -- (Teugels 1986:101 [ref. 6193], Burgess 1989:147 [ref. 12860], Poll & Gosse 1995:193 [ref. 24781], Romero & Paulson 2001:25 [ref. 26040], Proudlove 2006:127 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:153 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Uegitglanis zammaranoi Gianferrari 1923. Clariidae. Distribution: Caves near the Uegit and Uebi Scebeli rivers, Somalia. Habitat: freshwater.

zygouron, Clarias Nichols [J. T.] & Griscom [L.] 1917:704, Fig. 18 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 37 (art. 25); ref. 3185] Malela, lower Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): AMNH 6698. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879 -- (Teugels 1986:74 [ref. 6193], Teugels 1986:80 [ref. 12548], Ferraris 2007:141 [ref. 29155], Bernt & Stiassny 2022:15 [ref. 39552]). Current status: Synonym of Clarias buthupogon Sauvage 1879. Clariidae. Habitat: freshwater.