Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Curimatidae: [ 188 ] records

abramoides, Curimatus Kner [R.] 1858:76 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Mouth of Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 67042. Type catalog: Melo 2024:1 [ref. 41631]. Also appeared in Kner 1859:142, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [ref. 2631]. •Valid as Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner 1858) -- (Vari 1992:17 [ref. 19020] with holotype as NMW 67905 and date as 1859, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Silvano et al. 2020:107 [ref. 38133]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax abramoides (Kner 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

acutirostris, Curimata Vari [R. P.] & Reis [R. E.] 1995:298, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 21943] Marginal lagoons by Rio Araguaia near Luis Alves, São Miguel do Araguaia, about 13°14'S, 50°53'W, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 17396. Paratypes: MCP 17454 (5); MZUSP 48008 (5); USNM 336595 (5, 1 c&s). •Valid as Curimata acutirostris Vari & Reis 1995 -- (Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Curimata acutirostris Vari & Reis 1995. Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

alberti, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1880:12 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 6 (no. 31) (art. 2); ref. 14279] Not available; appeared under Curimatus platanus as [C. platanus is] "Allied to Curimatus Alberti, but with considerably smaller scales." That has been regarded as insufficient description to make available. The name was listed by Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1891:47 [ref. 47] with reference to Günther '80a [sic, '80]:12 [= ref. 14279] and to Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 [= ref. 1254, p. 2]; in the later reference it is stated, "One species of Curimatus, C. alberti, has been omitted, as we had no description of it." •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:443 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Curimatidae.

albiventris, Cyphocharax Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], Nogueira [A. F.], Melo [B. F.] & Dutra [G. M.] 2024:4, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 4007; ref. 40784] Rio Xingu, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 03°13'20"S, 52°12'57"W. Holotype: MPEG 35000. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, LBP, LIA, MCNIP, MPEG. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cyphocharax albiventris Netto-Ferreira, Nogueira, Melo & Dutra 2024. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax albiventris Netto-Ferreira, Nogueira, Melo & Dutra 2024. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Xingu drainage, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

albula, Curimatus Lütken [C. F.] 1875:127 [1] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas at Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMUC P241361 [ex ZMUC 52]. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1876.1.10.24 (1), 1876.1.10.70-71 (2); MNHN 0000-9588 [ex ZMUC] (2); NMW 62691 (1); SMNS 2038 (2); ZMB 9187 (2); ZMUC 51 (1), 56 (1), 57 (1), 59 (1), 67-69 (1, 1, 1); plus others evidently collected with the type series. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:34 [ref. 19577], Nielsen 1974:48 [ref. 9588], Fricke 1995:10 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:30 [ref. 29864]. On p. 1 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:91 [ref. 19020]. Also described in Lütken 1875:186 (and p. IX of summary) [ref. 19674]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Vari 1992:86 [ref. 19020], Britski 2001:20 [ref. 26046], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Curimatus albula Lütken 1875 -- (Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727]). •Valid as Cyphocharax albula (Lütken 1875) -- (Dutra et al. 2017:597 [ref. 35667], Dillman & Vari 2024:318 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax albula (Lütken 1875). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio das Velhas drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

alburnus, Anodus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:83 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Lake Amucu, Guyana. Lectotype: ZMB 3527 (larger specimen). Paralectotypes: ZMB 3527 (smaller specimen). Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:26, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [ref. 3071]; figure is of lectotype. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:20 [ref. 19021]. Specific name is a noun. •Valid as Curimatella alburnus (Müller & Troschel 1844) (often seen as alburna) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari 1992:20 [ref. 19021], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745] as alburna, Sarmiento et al. 2014:62, 186 [ref. 35004] as alburna, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633] as alburna, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Curimatella alburnus (Müller & Troschel 1844). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Tocantins River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

alleni, Lambepiedra Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1948:62, Fig. 33 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Lago Cashyboya, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 57144 [ex IU 17851]. •Synonym of Curimata cisandina (Allen 1942) -- (Vari 1989:47 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata cisandina (Allen 1942). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

altamazonicus, Curimatus Cope [E. D.] 1878:684 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Lectotype: ANSP 21118. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21119-20 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:66 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1906:305 [ref. 1373]. •Valid as Potamorhina altamazonica (Cope 1878) -- (Vari 1984:19 [ref. 5307], Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:420 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:63, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Dillman & Vari 2024:324 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Potamorhina altamazonica (Cope 1878). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco Lowlands (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Introduced into northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

amazonica, Curimatus elegans var. Steindachner [F.] 1911:330 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 48 (no. 15) (for 22 June 1911); ref. 14815] Rio Tocantins, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 66988 (missing). Paralectotypes: NHW 66992 (1), plus 1 missing. Type catalog: Melo 2024:2 [ref. 41631]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:82 [ref. 19019]. •Valid as Steindachnerina amazonica (Steindachner 1911) -- (Vari 1991:82 [ref. 19019], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:215 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Lucina & Vari 2009:146 [ref. 30061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Koerber et al. 2022:25 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina amazonica (Steindachner 1911). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

amazonica, Psectrogaster Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:7 [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Lago Aleixo, on Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20312. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20178 (1), 20191-92 (2, 1), 20196 (2), 20212 (3), 20231 (1), 20242 (2), 20254 (11), 20275 (1), 20299 (now 0), 20336 (1), 58029 [ex MCZ 20312] (2); plus more at MCZ. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:34 [ref. 13548]. Spelled amozonica but name based on "Amazons" and consistently spelled amazonica in Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:413 [5] [ref. 1254] (p. 5 of separate), in which the species was described again. Also, there were other typographical errors in ref. 1252, and an errata by the editor of the journal indicated that the preceding volume contained numerous errors; therefore, the spelling amozonica is considered an error that was corrected later by Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 [ref. 1254]. •Valid as Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari 1989:31 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:64, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:25 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins and Amazon River basins (Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Colombia and ?Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

aninha, Cyphocharax Wosiacki [W. B.] & Miranda [D. P. da S.] 2014:627, Figs. 1, 3 [Copeia 2013 (no. 4); ref. 33098] Pará , Almeirim Municipality, Rio Mopeco, left tributary of Rio Paru, left tributary of lower Rio Amazonas, 0°49'24.2"N, 53°5"46.4"W, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 23609. Paratypes: INPA, MCP. MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Cyphocharax aninha Wosiacki & Miranda 2014 -- (Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax aninha Wosiacki & Miranda 2014. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Mopeco, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Curimatus Gill [T. N.] 1858:422 [62] [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. Lectotype: USNM 1114. Paralectotypes: USNM 293745 (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:18 [ref. 19022]. On p. 62 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:41 [ref. 19019]. •Valid as Steindachnerina argentea (Gill 1858) -- (Vari 1991:37 [ref. 19019], Taphorn 1992:429 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Phillip et al. 2013:14 [ref. 32896], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina argentea (Gill 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, and Caribbean draining rivers of Venezuela and Trinidad (Colombia, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

asper, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1868:478 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Río Huallaga, Amazon system, Peru. Lectotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.83. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1867.6.13.48 (1), 1867.6.13.84-85 (2). Also published in Günther (Sept.) 1868:243, Fig. 8 [ref. 5756]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:52 [ref. 13506]. •Valid as Curimata aspera Günther 1868 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari 1989:50 [ref. 13506], Vari & Reis 1995:303 [ref. 21943], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:61, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Curimata aspera Günther 1868. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

aspilos, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:61, Figs. 40-42 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Estación Centro Adistramiento Don Bosco, Carrasguero, Zulia, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-13286. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-6914 (2), V-13300 (3), ?V-20329 (2); USNM 121311 (2), 121319 (1); plus non-type material. •Synonym of Curimata magdalenae (Steindachner 1878) -- (Galvis et al. 1997:35 [ref. 23651]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878). •Valid as Cyphocharax aspilos Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2010:382 [ref. 30968], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Melo et al. 2024:[8] [ref. 41133]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax aspilos Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Lake Maracaibo basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

atratoensis, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:19 [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Quibdó, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56024 [ex CM 4814a]. Paratypes: (many, CM and IU) CAS 44218 [ex IU 12676] (10); FMNH 56043 (10), 71308 (38); MCZ 30933 (12); USNM 79192 (3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:54 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367]. Genus in original should have been Curimata. •Valid as Steindachnerina atratoensis (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Vari 1991:61 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina atratoensis (Eigenmann 1912). Curimatidae. Distribution: Atrato River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

auratus, Psectrogaster Gill [T. N.] 1896:201 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 18 (no. 1055); ref. 14582] Presumably Río Mamoré, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): USNM 5878. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:35 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner 1858) -- (Vari 1989:23 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner 1858). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Curimatus Pellegrin [J.] 1909:342 [1] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] Río Guayas, Ecuador. Lectotype: MNHN A-9774. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1988-0798 [ex MNHN A-9774] (2). On p. 1 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:20 [ref. 13475]. •Valid as Curimata aureus Pellegrin 1909 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559]). •Synonym of Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther 1860) -- (Vari 1989:18 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther 1860). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

australe, Curimatella alburnus var. Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:510 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Asuncion, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 60626 [ex IU 9929]. •Valid as Curimatella australe Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:55 [ref. 23791]). •Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:11 [ref. 19021], Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

australis, Psectrogaster rhomboides Risso [F. J. J.] & Sánchez [E. L.] 1964:6, Pl. 1 [Notas del Museo de Ciencias Naturales del Chaco v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 21158] Resistencia, Argentina. Holotype: MCNCHACO 37/60. Paratypes: MCNCHACO 33-36/60 (4). •Synonym of Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Vari 1989:27 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:15 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bahiensis, Curimatus elegans var. Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:421 [13] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Salvador and environs, Bahia, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20325. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20324 (31 or 32), 20325 (1), 89837 (6); USNM 120251 [ex MCZ 20324] (5). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:18 [ref. 19022]. On p. 13 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:96 [ref. 19019]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina elegans (Steindachner 1875) -- (Vari 1991:83 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina elegans (Steindachner 1875). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bimaculatus, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1876:76 [28] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Rio Javarí [tributary of Rio Solimões at Peru-Brazil border], Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20232. Paralectotypes: (many) MCZ 20235 (3), NMW 67030-31 (3, 3). Probably paralectotypes: NMW 62531-34 (4, 1, 1, 3), 62664 (1); USNM 120250 [ex MCZ 19571] (6). On p. 28 of separate. •Valid as Curimata bimaculata Steindachner 1876 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1991:46 [ref. 19019], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and lower Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

binotatus, Curimatus Pearson [N. E.] 1924:28, Pl. 9 (fig. 1) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Rurrenabaque, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): CAS 60627 [ex IU 17285]. •Valid as Curimata binotata Pearson 1924 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Steindachnerina binotata (Pearson 1924) -- (Vari 1991:36 [ref. 19019], Chang & Ortega 1995:6 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina binotata (Pearson 1924). Curimatidae. Distribution: Western portions of Amazon River basin: Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

biocellatus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.], Sidlauskas [B. L.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.] 2012:64, Fig. 1 [Cybium v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 31971] Litani River at mouth and confluence with Marowijni River, Litani River mouth, just upstream from settlement of Konya Kondre, 3°17'24"N, 54°04'38"W, Sipalawini, Suriname. Holotype: ANSP 189146. Paratypes: MNHN 2010-0006 (1), NZCS F 6828-6829 (2). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Cyphocharax biocellatus Vari, Sidlauskas & Le Bail 2012 -- (Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:630 [ref. 33098], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax biocellatus Vari, Sidlauskas & Le Bail 2012. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Marowijne River/Maroni River system of eastern Suriname and western French Guiana and Mana basin in French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

biornata, Curimata Braga [L.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 1987:466, Figs. 1-2 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 94 (no. 2); ref. 9141] Arroyo Juan Blanco, tributary of Río de la Plata, Magdalena, Buenos Aires, Argentina, about 35°11'S, 57°24'W. Holotype: MLP 10-I-50-13. Paratypes: MACN 361 (3), 7336 (3); MCP (3 lots, 6), MHNG (1); MLP (9 lots, 17); MHNG 2367.88 & MLP 10-I-50-13 (17, 1 c&s); plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:99 [ref. 23697], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:1 [ref. 33466]. . •Valid as Steindachnerina biornata (Braga & Azpelicueta 1987) -- (Vari 1991:51 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Britski et al. 2019:13 [ref. 36683], Loureiro et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40506], Dillman & Vari 2024:328 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina biornata (Braga & Azpelicueta 1987). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Río Uruguai and lower Rio Paraná drainages and coastal rivers (southern Brazil, Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

boehlkei, Pseudocurimata Vari [R. P.] 1989:21, Figs. 14-17 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 490; ref. 13475] Esteros La Bocana del Cupa, 100 meters below Puerto Cupa, Río Esmeraldas basin, Ecuador, about 0°26'N, 79°26'W. Holotype: USNM 287745. Paratypes: USNM 291690 [? also 298245] (6, 1 c&s), MEPN 4289 [ex USNM 291690] (3). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:35 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Pseudocurimata boehlkei Vari 1989 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:84 [ref. 34894], Escobar Camacho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40892]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata boehlkei Vari 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Esmeraldas and Santiago River basins (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

boiadeiro, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.] 2017:115, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4247 (no. 2); ref. 35213] Alto Araguaia, córrego do Sapo, upriver Couto Magalhães falls, rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 17°31'10.6"S, 53°15'33.0"W. Holotype: LIRP 14133. Paratypes: LBP, LIRP, MZUSP. •Valid as Cyphocharax boiadeiro Melo 2017 -- (Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Melo et al. 2022:335 [ref. 39301], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax boiadeiro Melo 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Araguaia River drainage, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

bolivarensis, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1910:265 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 47 (no. 17) (for 30 June 1910); ref. 14874] Río Orinoco, near Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela. Lectotype: NMW 67037:2. Paralectotypes: NMW 67037:1 (1), 67037:3-4 (2). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:18 [ref. 19021]. •Valid as Curimatella bolivarensis (Steindachner 1910) -- (Taphorn 1992:411 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:11 [ref. 19021], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

boliviae, Curimatus leuciscus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ogle [F.] 1907:4 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Apparently Río Mamoré, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): USNM 44832. Type catalog and locality information: Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022] as bolivae. •Synonym of Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:32 [ref. 19019] as bolivae and leucisca, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061] as leucisca). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:3 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Río Vinces, Ecuador. Lectotype: BMNH 1898.11.40.50 (larger specimen). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1898.11.40.51 (1), MZUT 1538 (3). Replacement name for Curimatus guentheri Boulenger 1898, preoccupied by Curimatus guentheri Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. •Valid as Curimatorbis boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Vari 1989:17 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:86 [ref. 34894], Dillman & Vari 2024:326 [ref. 40817]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: rivers draining into northern Gulf of Guayaquil (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Curimatus Pellegrin [J.] 1909:343 [2] (footnote) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] On p. 2 of separate. Replacement name for Curimatus guentheri Boulenger 1898, preoccupied by Curimatus guentheri Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889; replaced earlier with same name by Eigenmann in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907; name cannot be used. •Synonym of Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Vari 1989:17 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Dillman & Vari 2024:326 [ref. 40817]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipes, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ogle [F.] 1907:3, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Peru? (locality uncertain, probably Pacific coast drainages). Holotype (unique): USNM 35333. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:18 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Curimata brevipes Eigenmann & Ogle 1907 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther 1860) -- (Vari 1989:18 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [27061]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther 1860). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipinnis, Curimatus gilberti var. Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:424 [16] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rosario, Río de la Plata system, Santa Fe, Argentina. Holotype (unique): MCZ 789. On p. 16 of separate. •Valid as Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1991:97 [ref. 19019], Fernández & Butí 1996:254 [ref. 22775], Gómez & Chebez 1996:55 [ref. 23791], Sverlij et al. 1998:34 [ref. 27632], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:215 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:77 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:15 [ref. 35267], Britski et al. 2019:12 [ref. 36683], Dickens 2019:165 [ref. 37135], Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

caboclo, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.], Tencatt [L. F. C.] & Oliveira [C.] 2022:329, Figs. 1-2A-E, 3 [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 110 (no. 2); ref. 39301] Ribeirão Comprido, tributary of Rio Correntes, upper Rio Paraguai basin, Itiquira, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 17°32'05"S, 54°25'36"W. Holotype: MNRJ 52506. Paratypes: LBP, MNRJ, MZUSP, NUP, ZUFMS. •Valid as Cyphocharax caboclo Melo, Tencatt & Oliveira 2022. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax caboclo Melo, Tencatt & Oliveira 2022. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Paraguai basin, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

caudimaculatus, Curimatus (Curimatella) alburnus var. Pellegrin [J.] 1909:150 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 3424] Santarém, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN 1909-0057. Paralectotypes: MNHN 1909-0227 (1), 1909-0228 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:34-35 [ref. 19577]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:11 [ref. 19021]. •Synonym of Curimatella alburna (Müller & Troschel 1844), but a valid subspecies caudimaculata (Pellegrin 1909) -- (Azpelicueta & Braga 1980:165 [ref. 41138]). •Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:11 [ref. 19021], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cerasina, Curimata Vari [R. P.] 1984:30, Fig. 1 [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 11 (no. 4) (for Dec. 1983); ref. 8204] Flooded area along road from San Fernando de Apure to Arichuna, 15 kilometers southeast of San Fernando de Apure, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-14025. Paratypes: AMNH 54628-29 (1, 1); ANSP 150195 (1); BMNH 1983.3.1.7 and 8 (1, 1); CAS 52169 (2); FMNH 94591 (1); MBUCV-V-5743 (2), V-6607 (7), V-8691 (3), V-9015 (3), V-9120 (1), V-9334 (1), V-11845 (1); MCZ 54344 (1); MMCZ 54344 (1); USNM 257085-88 (1, 3, 2, 2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:16 [ref. 19022], Provenzano et al. 1998:7 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Curimata cerasina Vari 1984 -- (Vari 1989:54 [ref. 13506], Taphorn 1992:408 [ref. 23654], Vari & Reis 1995:303 [ref. 21943], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773]). Current status: Valid as Curimata cerasina Vari 1984. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco river basins: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ciliatus, Anodus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:84 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3828. Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:25, Pl. 4 (fig. 4) [ref. 3071]. •Valid as Psectrogaster ciliata (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Vari 1989:17 [ref. 13548], Taphorn 1992:423 [ref. 23654], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster ciliata (Müller & Troschel 1844). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America. Habitat: freshwater.

cisandinus, Psectrogaster Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:290, Pl. 14 (fig. 3) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Loreto, Iquitos, Peru. Holotype: USNM 167834 [IU 17850, ex U. Kentucky]. Paratypes: CAS 57144 [ex IU 17851] (1) [also is holotype of Lambepiedra alleni Fernandez-Yepez 1948]; USNM 167803 [ex U. Kentucky] (2), 167805 [ex IU 17851] (1), 268199-200 (1, 1); UMMZ 185271 [ex IU 15834] (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:35 [ref. 19022]. Type series consists of 3 species according to Vari 1989. •Valid as Curimata cisandina (Allen 1942) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari 1989:47 [ref. 13506], Vari & Reis 1995:303 [ref. 21943], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Curimata cisandina (Allen 1942). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: middle and upper portions of Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

conspersus, Curimatus Holmberg [E. L.] 1891:185 [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Río Paraguay, Formosa, Argentina. No types known. •Valid as Steindachnerina conspersa (Holmberg 1891) -- (Vari 1991:42 [ref. 19019], Gómez & Chebez 1996:56 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:215 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27366], Cacsiotta et al. 2003:78 [ref. 28130], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:16 [ref. 35267], Britski et al. 2019:13 [ref. 36683]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina conspersa (Holmberg 1891). Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, South America: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

copei, Curimata Fowler [H. W.] 1906:301, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Suriname. Holotype (unique): ANSP 8201. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:66 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Vari 1989:37 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

corumbae, Steindachnerina Pavanelli [C. S.] & Britski [H. A.] 1999:212, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 24224] Rio Pirapitinga, tributary of Rio Corumbá, Caldas Novas, Goiás State, Brazil, 17°48'S, 48°33'W. Holotype: MZUSP 52361. Paratypes: MNRJ 11210 (1); MZUSP 52362-70 (25), 52371-74 (7, 3 c&s). Not treated in Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], added in Corrigenda (2005). •Valid as Steindachnerina corumbae Pavanelli & Britski 1999 -- (Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:523 [ref. 31707]). •Valid as Cyphocharax corumbae (Pavanelli & Britski 1999) -- (Melo et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35986], Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364] as cf. corumbae, Dillman & Vari 2024:319 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax corumbae (Pavanelli & Britski 1999). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Corumbá drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

cramptoni, Cyphocharax Bortolo [G. C.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2020:2, Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190135; ref. 37597] Rio Mentaí, tributary of rio Arapiuns, village of Cachoeirinha, Santarém, Pará, Brazil, 2°43'28.64"S, 55°36'5.60"W. Holotype: ZUEC 17124. Paratypes: MCP, MPEG, UF, ZUEC. •Valid as Cyphocharax cramptoni Bortolo & Lima 2020. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax cramptoni Bortolo & Lima 2020. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Mentaí drainage, lower Tapajós River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

crypticus, Curimatopsis Vari [R. P.] 1982:19, Figs. 15-18 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 373; ref. 5485] Stream 2 kilometers east of Lake Amucu, Rupununi District, Guyana, about 3°43'N, 59°25'W. Holotype: USNM 226872. Paratypes: AMNH 45094-96 (1, 2, 1); ANSP 146864 (1); BMNH 1926.10.27.208-227 (22), 1981.4.27.1 (1); MCZ 30048 (2), 46021 (1), 57638 (1); MZUSP 15974-75 (2), 15976-77 (2); USNM 226880 (orig. 15, now 14, 3 c&s), 226883-85 (4, 4, 1), 228354 (3). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:18 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:460 [ref. 23140]. The specific name is an adjective (hidden) and the female form should be cryptica. •Valid as Curimatopsis cryptica Vari 1982 -- (Planquette et al. 1996:118 [ref. 22818] as crypticus, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061] as crypticus, Melo et al. 2016:307 [ref. 34913], Melo & Oliveira 2017:14 [ref. 35403], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633] as crypticus, Koerber et al. 2022:25 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759] as aff. cryptica). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis cryptica Vari 1982. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco and eastern Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

curimata, Salmo Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:417 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Brazil. No types known. Based on "Cvrimata Brasiliensibus" of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:156 [ref. 30347], and on "Charax maxilla superiore longiore obtusa..." of Gronow 1763:123 (no. 379) [ref. 1910]. Unnecessary replacement for Salmo cyprinoides Linnaeus 1766. •Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

curimata, Salmo Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:80 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Brazil. No types known. Not available, on Official Index (Opinion 772). Based on "Cvrimata Brasiliensibus" of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:156 [ref. 30347], and on "Charax maxilla superiore longiore obtusa..." of Gronow 1763:123 (no. 379) [ref. 1910]. Unnecessary replacement name for Salmo cyprinoides Linnaeus 1766. •In the synonymy of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Curimatidae.

curviventris, Psectrogaster Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:509 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Asuncion, Río Paraguay, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 57145 [ex IU 9919]. Paratypes: (7) AMNH 1228 [ex IU 9936] (1), 1455 [ex IU 9937] (1); CAS 57146 [ex IU 9918 & 9920] (2); FMNH 52576 [ex IU 9921] (1); ZMB 16935-37 (1, 1, 2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:70 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Vari 1989:27 [ref. 13548], Gómez & Chebez 1996:55 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Liotta et al. 2001:153 [ref. 39259], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:12 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:64, 186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:15 [ref. 35267], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Loureiro et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40506] as Psectrogstaster curviventris). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and southern portions of Madeira River basins (Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

cyprinoides, Salmo Linnaeus [C.] (ex Gronow) 1766:514 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Brazil. No types known. Based on "Charax maxilla superiore longiore obtusa ..." of Gronow 1763:123 (no. 379) [ref. 1910], which is based on "Cvrimata Brasiliensibus" of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:156 [ref. 30347]. •Valid as Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Vari 1989:37 [ref. 13506], Géry et al. 1991:31 [ref. 21021], Vari & Reis 1995:303 [ref. 21943], Planquette et al. 1996:116 [ref. 22818], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2022:24 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

derhami, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] & Chang [F.] 2006:94, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 28639] Río Marañon, Yanayacu, Quebrada Negra, 4°52'30"S, 74°55'W, Province de Loreto, Dept. de Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 13272. Paratypes: MHNG 2528.34 (1), MUSM 5335 (1). •Valid as Cyphocharax derhami Vari & Chang 2006 -- (Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax derhami Vari & Chang 2006. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

dobula, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1868:479 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Río Huallaga, Amazon system, Peru. Lectotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.55. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1867.6.13.56-57 (2). Also appeared in Günther 1868:243 [ref. 5756]. •Valid as Cruxentina dobula (Günther 1868) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Curimata dobula Günther 1868 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:66 [ref. 19019], Chang & Ortega 1995:6 [ref. 24302], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: western portions of Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

dorsalis, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:420 [12] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Solimbes at Coari, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20183. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20210 (1), 20241 (1), 20330 (1). On p. 12 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:15 [ref. 19021]. •Valid as Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:11 [ref. 19021], Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:62, 186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

edentulus, Salmo Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:377 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Corresponds to Salmo 7-radiatus on. p. 387. Appeared as Salmo edentulus vel 7-radiatus in Devincenzi 1925:311, 322 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Curimatus gilberti [Curimata gilbert] Quoy & Gaimard 1824. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Salmo edentulus Bloch 1794. 1°Homonym. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

edentulus, Salmo Bloch [M. E.] 1794:97, Pl. 380 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Suriname. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3523. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:67 [ref. 24282]. On p. 73 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 11 [ref. 21381]. •Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Vari 1989:37 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1875:529 [31] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 70 (1. Abth.); ref. 18771] Rio Araçuaí [Arassuahy], tributary of Rio Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 67001.1. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20285 (4), NMW 67001.2-3 (2). On p. 31 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:95 [ref. 19019]. •Valid as Steindachnerina elegans (Steindachner 1875) -- (Vari 1991:92 [ref. 19019], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:41 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina elegans (Steindachner 1875). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Minas Gerais and Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

esperanzae, Curimata Myers [G. S.] 1929:620 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 18); ref. 3102] Cachuela Esperanza, Río Beni, Bolivia. Lectotype: CAS 63049 [ex IU 17281]. Paralectotypes: CAS 63050-51 (5, 1). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:120 [ref. 19020]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:114 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

essequibensis, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1864:291 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Lectotype: BMNH 1864.1.21.61. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.62 (1). Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:15 [ref. 13548]. •Valid as Psectrogaster essequibensis (Günther 1864) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari 1989:13 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:64, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster essequibensis (Günther 1864). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

evelynae, Curimatopsis Géry [J.] 1964:47, Figs. 13-14 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 12 (no. 5, Jan.); ref. 1582] Río Manacacias into upper Río Meta, at Restrepo, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 198644. Paratypes: Géry coll. M.365 (orig. 13), MNHN 1982-0764 (1), USNM 198638 [ex Géry M.365] (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:18 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Curimatopsis evelynae Géry 1964 -- (Vari 1982:23 [ref. 5485], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Melo et al. 2016:308 [ref. 34913], Melo & Oliveira 2017:14 [ref. 35403], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis evelynae Géry 1964. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Brazil and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

falcatus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:430 [22] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Xingu, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20340. Paralectotypes: MCZ 60393 [ex MCZ 20340 in part] (2), MCZ 20189 (1). On p. 22 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:13 [ref. 13548]. •Valid as Psectrogaster falcata (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1989:15 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], Silvano et al. 2020:111 [ref. 38133] as cf. falcata). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster falcata (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: lower portions of Amazon River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

fasciata, Curimata Vari [R. P.] & Géry [J.] 1985:1030, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 98 (no. 4); ref. 9411] Rio Romari near Nova Uniãa, Municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, Territory Rondônia, 10°53'17"S, 62°33'35"W, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 11208. Paratypes: BMNH 1985.2.5.1-2 (2); INPA uncat. (2, 3); MHNG 2226.24 (6); MNRJ 11271 (4); MZUSP 28724 (2); USNM 207375-76 (2, 2), 207377 (4, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:16 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:457 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Steindachnerina fasciata (Vari & Géry 1985) -- (Vari & Barriga Salazar 1990:550 [ref. 15520], Vari 1991:63 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:523 [ref. 31707], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina fasciata (Vari & Géry 1985). Curimatidae. Distribution: Madeira River basin and Rio Tapajós system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

festivus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:45, Figs. 26-27 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Caños entering Río Nanay, northeast of Iquitos, Peru, about 3°49'S, 73°11'W. Holotype: USNM 280426. Paratypes: MUSM 2596 (5); MZUSP 41300 (5); NRM 26547 (3), 23741 [not 26628] (10); USNM 280427 (5, 1 c&s); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:462 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax festivus Vari 1992 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax festivus Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

gangamon, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:96, Figs. 72-73 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Lago da Santa Clara, Monte Cristo, Pará, Rio Tapajós, Brazil, about 4°04'S, 55°38'W. Holotype: MZUSP 22037. Paratypes: MZUSP 41752 (8), USNM 309290 (6), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:462 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax gangamon Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Melo & Faria 2024:9 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gangamon Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: lower Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gilbert, Curimata Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:219, Pl. 48 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Rio Macacu, tributary of Bahia da Guanabara, Brazil [= Rio Macacu at the village of Japuíba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°33'40"S, 42°41'40"W]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5430. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:34 [ref. 19577]. Type locality restricted by Koerber & Reis 2020:4 [ref. 37463]. •Valid as Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Vari 1992:86 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503], Catelani et al. 2014:931 [ref. 37496], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Dutra et al. 2017:598 [ref. 35667], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Silva et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37809], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:41 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages (eastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

gillii, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:510 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 39829 [ex IU 9939]. Paratypes: FMNH 52627 [ex IU 9938] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Vari 1992:109 [ref. 19020], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[5] [ref. 35679], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

gnaca, Curimata Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Braga [L.] 1988:118, Fig. 1 [Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 16155] Pond of the Barrio Toba, Resistencia, Chaco Province, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 7945 [ex 2-III-68-18]. Paratypes: MLP 8034 [ex 5-V-68-88] (7), 7946 (2). Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:2 [ref. 33466]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987) -- (Vari 1992:72 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:75 [ref. 28130], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gouldingi, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:107, Figs. 80-81 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Along road to Serra Navio, Rio Cupixi, Amapá, Brazil, about 0°40'N, 51°40'W. Holotype: MZUSP 41762. Paratypes: MZUSP 41763 (13), USNM 268010 (13, 1 c&s), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:462-463 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax gouldingi Vari 1992 -- (Vari & Blackledge 1996:112 [ref. 22022], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari & Chang 2006:93 [ref. 28639], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:16 [ref. 40784], Melo & Faria 2024:9 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax gouldingi Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amapá, lower Amazon and Tocantins-Araguaia River basins, Brazil and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Steindachnerina Vari [R. P.] & Williams Vari [A.] 1989:474, Figs. 1d, 5 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 102 (no. 2); ref. 12508] Rio Araguaia, Arauna, about 14°54'S, 51°05'W, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 4847. Paratypes: MZUSP 38591-92 (1, 6); USNM 191632 (1), 293034 (6, 2 c&s), 293035 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:40 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:496 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Steindachnerina gracilis Vari & Williams Vari 1989 -- (Vari 1991:55 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Lucina & Vari 2009:146 [ref. 30061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina gracilis Vari & Williams Vari 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

grandocule, Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Amaral Campos) 1948:47, Fig. 23 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Vicinity of Linhares and Lago Juparaná, Espírito Santos, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 20352. Paratypes: MZUSP 1958 (1). Type catalog: Britski 1969:203 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:492 [ref. 23140]. Britski 1969:203 [ref. 12401] corrected authorship and locality. •Synonym of Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Vari 1992:86 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Dutra et al. 2017:598 [ref. 35667]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax gilbert (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

guaporensis, Curimatopsis Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.] 2017:3, Fig. 1 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 91 (no. 2); ref. 35403] Córrego da Várzea in the road MT-199, Parque Estadual Serra de Ricardo Franco, Rio Guaporé, Rio Madeira, Amazon basin, Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 14°50'18"S, 60°04'14"W. Holotype: MZUSP 121189. Paratypes: DZSJRP, LBP. •Valid as Curimatopsis guaporensis Melo & Oliveira 2017. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis guaporensis Melo & Oliveira 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Guaporé, Rio Amazonas basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

guentheri, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:423 [15] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 20245. Originally güntheri, correction mandatory. •Valid as Curimata guntheri Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1991:83 [ref. 19019], Taphorn 1992:429 [ref. 23654], Chang & Ortega 1995:6 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35773] not Colombia, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297], Dillman & Vari 2024:329 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco and western Amazon River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

guentheri, Curimatus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:4 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino v. 13 (no. 329); ref. 14677] Río Vinces, Ecuador. Lectotype: BMNH 1898.11.40.50 (larger specimen). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1898.11.40.51 (1), MZUT 1538 (3). Objectively invalid, preoccupied by Curimatus guentheri Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889, replaced by Curimatus boulengeri Eigenmann 1907 (also Curimatus guentheri Pellegrin 1908). Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:18 [ref. 13475], as 1898.11.42.50 in ref. 27061. •Synonym of Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Vari 1989:17 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Dillman & Vari 2024:326 [ref. 40817]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Pseudocurimata boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hastata, Curimata hypostoma Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:297 [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 19881 [ex IU 17859]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:66 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

helleri, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1910:266 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 47 (no. 17) (for 30 June 1910); ref. 14874] Upper Suriname River, Suriname. Syntypes: (3) NMW (apparently lost). Type catalog: Melo 2024:2 [ref. 41631]. •Valid as Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910) -- (Vari 1992:32 [ref. 19020], Planquette et al. 1996120 [ref. 22818], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo & Lima 2020:9 [ref. 37597], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

hermanni, Curimatus Ahl [E.] 1931:207 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1931 (nos. 4-7); ref. 16254] Rio Capim, Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: ZMB orig. nos. 768, 769 (2, apparently lost). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:91 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner 1908). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hypostoma, Curimatus Boulenger [G. A.] 1887:172 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 19 (no. 111) (art. 23); ref. 17020] Río Ucayali, Amazon system, Peru. Lectotype: BMNH 1881.5.13.105. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1881.5.13.106-108 (3). Lectotype selected by Vari & Vari 1989:473 [ref. 12508]. •Valid as Curimata hypostoma (Boulenger 1887) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Steindachnerina hypostoma (Boulenger 1887) -- (Vari & Williams Vari 1989:471 [ref. 12508], Vari 1991:53 [ref. 19019], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina hypostoma (Boulenger 1887). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

immaculata, Lepipinna Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Eigenmann) 1948:27, Fig. 9 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Obidos, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 60630 [ex IU 4316, MCZ 20201]. Spelled inmaculata in figure cation; immaculata in text and index. •Valid as Curimata immaculata (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Curimatella immaculata (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Taphorn 1992:414 [ref. 23654], Vari 1992:20 [ref. 19021], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:62, 186 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:375 [ref. 35317], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:101 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:24 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Curimatella immaculata (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

immaculatus, Salmo Linnaeus [C.] 1758:312 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America. Holotype: NRM 76. Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:216-217 [ref. 20707]. On Official Index (Opinion 772). •Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Vari 1989:37 [ref. 13506]). •In the synonymy of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766 ) -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

incompta, Curimata Vari [R. P.] 1984:34, Fig. 4 [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 11 (no. 4) (for Dec. 1983); ref. 8204] Río Meta near Puerto Páez, 6°13'N, 67°28'W, Estado Apure, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-5991. Paratypes: AMNH 54627 (2); ANSP 150914 (2); BMNH 1983.3.1.5-6 (2); CAS 52168 (2); FMNH 94589-90 (2, 1); MBUCV-V-13093 (2), V-13125 (2), V-13213 (1), V-14026 (3); USNM 236551-52 (1, 1), 236553 (now 7, 2 c&s), 236554-60 (5, 2, 4, 1, 1, 5, 1), 257083 (1); LACM 43297-1 (2), 43350-1 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:16-17 [ref. 19022], Provenzano et al. 1998:7 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Curimata incompta Vari 1984 -- (Vari 1989:33 [ref. 13506], Vari & Reis 1995:303 [ref. 21943], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Curimata incompta Vari 1984. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco river basins: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

inornata, Curimata Vari [R. P.] 1989:31, Fig. 21 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 474; ref. 13506] Edge of river channel, Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, about 4°17'S, 55°59'W. Holotype: MZUSP 28648. Paratypes: AMNH 55629-30 (2, 1); ANSP 153667-68 (2, 1); BMNH 1984.11.8.6 and 7-8 (1, 2); CAS 55892-93 (2, 1); MCZ 61406 (2); MZUSP 5592 (1), 21392 (9), 28649-50 (5, 5); USNM 267966 (1), 267993-94 (10, 8), 268597 (5); plus not-type material Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:17 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:457 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Curimata inornata Vari 1989 -- (Vari & Reis 1995:302 [ref. 21943], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Curimata inornata Vari 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Tocantins River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

insculpta, Cruxentina Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Amaral Campos) 1948:53, Figs. 27-28 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Rio Tatuí [Tatuhy], Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 20312 [ex DZSASP (= MZUSP) 1376]. Paratypes: MZUSP 1376 (1). Type catalog: Britski 1969:203 [ref. 12401], Vari 1991:72 [ref. 19019], Oyakawa 1996:456-457 [ref. 23140]. Authorship cited as Amaral Campos, but author is Fernández-Yépez. •Valid as Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Vari 1991:71 [ref. 19019], Gómez & Chebez 1996:61 [ref. 23791], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:214 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Koerber et al. 2017:16 [ref. 35267], Aguilera et al. 2018:1018 [ref. 36289], Britski et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36683], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2023:121 [ref. 40464], Dillman & Vari 2024:329 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

isognathus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:428 [20] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Lago Aleixo, Iça, on Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20314. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20208 (1), 20214 (1), 20224-25 (1, 1). On p. 3 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:23 [ref. 13548]. •Synonym of Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner 1858) -- (Vari 1989:23 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner 1858). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

issororoensis, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:266, Pl. 34 (fig. 4) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Issoror Rubber Plantation, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53647 [ex CM 2119]. Paratypes: CAS 60625 [ex IU 12301] (1), FMNH 53651 [ex CM 2120] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:54 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367]. Spelled issororoënsis originally. •Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1991:83 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

jaci, Curimatopsis Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.] 2017:10, Figs. 4, 5 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 91 (no. 2); ref. 35403] Rio Teles Pires, Rio Cristalino, upriver Thaimaçu lodge, Rio São Benedito drainage, Pará, Jacareacanga, Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Jacareacanga, Pará, Brazil, 09°04'46"S, 56°31'51"W. Holotype: MZUSP 121197. Paratypes: LBP, MZUSP, ZUEC. •Valid as Curimatopsis jaci Melo & Oliveira 2017 -- (Melo 2020:9 [ref. 37600]). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis jaci Melo & Oliveira 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio São Benedito drainage, Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jagunco, Cyphocharax Dutra [G. M.], Penido [I. de S.], Guimarães de Mello [G. C.] & Pessali [T. C.] 2016:155, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 4103 (no. 2); ref. 34378] Vereda Volta da Capoeira, tributary of Ribeirão da Areia, Rio Jequitinhonha drainage, Município Olhos D'água, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 17°15'25.98"S, 43°43'35.91"W. Holotype: MCNIP 1612. Paratypes: MCNIP, MPEG. •Valid as Cyphocharax jagunco Dutra, Penido, Guimarães de Mello & Pessali 2016 -- (Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:41 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax jagunco Dutra, Penido, Guimarães de Mello & Pessali 2016. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jequitinhonha drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

knerii, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1876:83 [35] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Rio Tefé, Amazonas state, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 68865. Type catalog: Melo 2024:1 [ref. 41631]. On p. 35 of separate. •Valid as Curimata knerii Steindachner 1876 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708] as kneri, Vari 1989:37 [ref. 13506], Vari & Reis 1995:303 [ref. 21943], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:61, 186 [ref. 35004], Silvano et al. 2020:97 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Curimata knerii Steindachner 1876. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, ?Bolivia, and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

laticeps, Curimatus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:21, Pl. 634 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Near Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Lectotype: MNHN A-9772. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2935 [ex MNHN A-9772] (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:35 [ref. 19577]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1984:26 [ref. 5307]. •Valid as Potamorhina laticeps (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Vari 1984:23 [ref. 5307], Galvis et al. 1997:36 [ref. 23651], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Potamorhina laticeps (Valenciennes 1850). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

laticlavius, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] & Blackledge [T. A.] 1996:109, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1996 (no. 1); ref. 22022] Quebrada tributary to Río Jatuncocha, about 1 kilometer upstream from Laguna Jatuncocha, 1°00'06"S, 75°31'36"W, Napo, Ecuador. Holotype: FMNH 101503. Paratypes: FMNH 101504 (2), 105059 (9); MEPN 4570 (9), 4751 (2); USNM 336592 (2, 1 c&s), 336594 (9). •Valid as Cyphocharax laticlavius Vari & Blackledge 1996 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari & Chang 2006:93 [ref. 28639], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax laticlavius Vari & Blackledge 1996. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tributary to Jatuncocha Lagoon, Napo Province, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

latior, Anodus Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:61, Pl. 41 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Rivers of equatorial Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. No types known. •Valid as Gasterostomus latior (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Potamorhina latior (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Vari 1984:28 [ref. 5307], Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:63, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:109 [ref. 38133], Koerber 2021:92 [ref. 38172], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Dillman & Vari 2024:324 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Potamorhina latior (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

lepidurus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:8 [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Rio São Francisco below falls, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20292 [not 20291]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20291 (2), 87454 [ex MCZ 20292] (2). Also described as new in Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:417 [9] [ref. 1254]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:9 [ref. 19021]. •Valid as Curimatella lepidura (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:9 [ref. 19021], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Silva et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:41 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Curimatella lepidura (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (eastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

leuciscus, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1868:479 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Río Huallaga, Amazon River system, Amazonas, Peru. Lectotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.53. Paralectotype: BMNH 1867.6.13.54 (1). Also appeared in Günther 1868:239 [ref. 5756]. Species epithet is an indeclineable noun. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:34 [ref. 19019]. •Valid as Curimata leuciscus Günther 1868 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708] as leucisca). •Valid as Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868) [often seen as leucisca] -- (Vari 1991:27 [ref. 19019], Chang & Ortega 1995:6 [ref. 24302], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Dillman & Vari 2024:329 [ref. 40817] as leucisca). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

leucos, Curimatus De Filippi [F.] in Tortonese 1940:139 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino. (Ser. 3) v. 48 (no. 111); ref. 21559] Not available, manuscript name and specimen mentioned in a type catalog. •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:443 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Curimatidae.

leucostictus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:425 [17] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Vivinity of Manaus, Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 787. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20315 (1). On p. 17 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:28 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:26 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36016], Silvano et al. 2020:107 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:12 [ref. 40784], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and coastal drainages of Amapá State (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

lineatus, Curimatus alburnus var. Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:419 [11] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Jutaí, tributary of rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 20297. On p. 11 of separate. •Synonym of Curimatella alburnus (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061] as alburna). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella alburnus (Müller & Troschel 1844). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

lineopunctatus, Curimatus Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:213 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 38); ref. 14777] Río Tamana at Novita, Chocó Dept., southwestern Colombia, elevation 150-200 feet. Lectotype: BMNH 1910.7.11.159. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1910.7.11.160-162 (3). Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:14 [ref. 13475]. •Valid as Curimatorbis lineopunctatus (Boulenger 1911) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559] as lineapunctatus). •Valid as Pseudocurimata lineopunctata (Boulenger 1911) -- (Vari 1989:11 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:88 [ref. 34894], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata lineopunctata (Boulenger 1911). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope and Caribbean slope rivers (Colombia and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

lundi, Cyphocharax Dutra [G. M.], Penido [I. de S.], Guimarães de Mello [G. C.] & Pessali [T. C.] 2016:159, Fig. 4 [Zootaxa 4103 (no. 2); ref. 34378] Karst of Lagoa Santa, Córrego Capão de Santana, tributary of Córrego do Jaques, itself a tributary of the Rio das Velhas, Rio São Francisco drainage, Município Confins, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 19°36'55.61"S, 43°57'20.46"W. Holotype: MCNIP 807. Paratypes: MCNIP, MPEG. •Valid as Cyphocharax lundi Dutra, Penido, Guimarães de Mello & Pessali 2016 -- (Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax albula (Lütken 1875) -- (Dutra et al. 2017:597 [ref. 35667], Dillman & Vari 2024:318 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax albula (Lütken 1875). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

macrocephalus, Curimatopsis Ahl [E.] 1931:207, Fig. 1 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1931 (nos. 4-7); ref. 16254] Amazon. Holotype (unique): ZMB 33934 (not 20818). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:91 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1982:13 [ref. 5485], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Dillman & Vari 2024:317 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

macrolepis, Curimatus (Curimatopsis) Steindachner [F.] 1876:81 [33] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Tabatinga, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 75992. Paralectotypes: NMW 68765-66 (4, 4), 75991 (2). On p. 81 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1982:15 [ref. 5485]. •Valid as Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1982:13 [ref. 5485], Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Melo et al. 2016:308 [ref. 34913], Melo & Oliveira 2017:14 [ref. 35403], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Melo 2020:8 [ref. 37600], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Dillman & Vari 2024:317 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis macrolepis (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

macrops, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:429 [21] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Poti, at Teresina, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20309. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20301 (now 10), 20302 (1), 20305 (11), 20311 (orig. 8, now 5); USNM 120249 [ex MCZ 20311] (3). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022]. On p. 21 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:45 [ref. 13506] •Valid as Curimata macrops Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Vari 1989:44 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Melo et al. 2016:375 [ref. 35317], Koerber et al. 2022:24 [ref. 39235], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:5 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Curimata macrops Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Poti and Parnaíba rivers (northeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Curimatopsis Ahl [E.] 1934:240 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1934 (nos 4-7); ref. 16409] Argentina. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20818. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:91 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1870) -- (Vari 1992:78 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1870). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculosa, Curimatopsis Melo [B. F.], Vari [R. P.] & Oliveira [C.] 2016:304, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 4) for Dec.; ref. 34913] Monte Cristo, Lagoa de Santa Clara, Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil, 4°05'00"S, 55°37'00"W. Holotype: MZUSP 118659. Paratypes: LBP, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Curimatopsis maculosa Melo, Vari & Oliveira 2016 -- (Melo & Oliveira 2017:14 [ref. 35403], Melo 2020:9 [ref. 37600]). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis maculosa Melo, Vari & Oliveira 2016. Curimatidae. Distribution: Middle and lower Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

magdalenae, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1878:90 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 15 (no. 12) (for 9 May 1878); ref. 20476] Río Magdalena, northwestern Colombia. Lectotype: NMW 68873.1. Paralectotypes: MSNG 9238 (1), NMW 68873.2-3 (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:184 [ref. 10343]. Originally described as above, species later described as "Curimatus magdalenae n. sp.? (an Curim. argenteus Gill.?)" in more detail in Steindachner 1879:50 [p. 34 of separate] [ref. 4227]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:58 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Curimata magdalenae Steindachner 1878 -- (Bussing 1987:97 [ref. 22927], Galvis et al. 1997:35 [ref. 23651]). •Valid as Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878) -- (Vari 1992:56 [ref. 19020], Bussing 1998:126 [ref. 24179], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Angulo et al. 2013:991 [ref. 33194], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Angulo et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37425], Angulo 2021:15 [ref. 38913], Melo et al. 2024:[8] [ref. 41133]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878). Curimatidae. Distribution: Central America, northwestern South America: southern Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

melaniris, Curimata Fowler [H. W.] 1940:253, Fig. 54 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Boca Chica, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 68669. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:66 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1991:46 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

melanura, Curimatopsis Dutra [G. M.], Melo [B. F.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2018:516, Fig. 1 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 92 (no. 2); ref. 35799] Faro, unnamed stream tributary of the Rio Nhamundá, Rio Amazonas, Pará, Brazil, 01°42'23"S, 57°12'10"W. Holotype: MPEG 15335. Paratypes: LBP, MPEG. •Valid as Curimatopsis melanura Dutra, Melo & Netto-Ferreira 2018 -- (Melo 2020:9 [ref. 37600]). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis melanura Dutra, Melo & Netto-Ferreira 2018. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Nhamundá drainage, lower Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

meniscaprorus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:105, Fig. 79 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] About 85 kilometers from Ciudad Bolívar, about 3 kilometers downstream from bridge at Rt. 19, Río Aro, Bolívar, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-20333. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-20334 (15), USNM 235484 (15, 2 c&s); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:7 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Cyphocharax meniscaprorus Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax meniscaprorus Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Aro River, Orinoco basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

mestomyllon, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:77, Fig. 54 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Cachoeira de Bicho-Açu (about 0°20'S, 65°29[or 20]'W), Rio Marauiá, Rio Negro basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 41755. Paratypes: MZUSP 41756 (24), USNM 309289 (24, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:463 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax mestomyllon Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax mestomyllon Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Marauiá River, Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

metae, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:230, Pl. 17 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Quebrada Cramalote, Villavicencio, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 55143 [ex CM 3844]. Paratypes: CAS 60585 [ex IU 15023] (2), FMNH 55144 [?ex CM 3845] (2). Additional original material: CAS 60586 [ex IU 15022] (orig. 47, now 6). Type catalog: Henn 1928:54 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367] with type as CM 3645. Also appeared at same time in Eigenmann 1922:162 [ref. 12408]. •Valid as Curimata metae Eigenmann 1922 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Steindachnerina metae (Eigenmann 1922) -- (Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1991:83 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

meyeri, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1882:176 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Río Huallaga, Amazon system, northeastern Peru. Holotype (unique): MTD F 331. Type catalog: Zarske 2003:21 [ref. 27474]. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:11, Pl. 1 (fig. 4) [ref. 14353]. A neotype was selected by Vari 1992, but the discovery of the holotype means that the neotype selection is invalid (Art. 75.8). •Valid as Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner 1882) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari 1992:20 [ref. 19021], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:62, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:103 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner 1882). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

microcephalus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:423 [15] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Suriname. Lectotype: MCZ 785. Paralectotypes: MCZ 92958 [ex MCZ 785] (3). On p. 15 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:56 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax microcephalus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:54 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax microcephalus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Atlantic drainages (?French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

microlepis, Curimatopsis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:7 [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Jatuarana, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 20344. Also described as new in Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:414 [6] [ref. 1254]. See Géry 2007:107 [ref. 29224] for information on the type locality. •Valid as Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Vari 1982:17 [ref. 5485], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Géry 2007:108 [ref. 29224], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Melo et al. 2016:308 [ref. 34913], Melo & Oliveira 2017:14 [ref. 35403], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

mivartii, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1878:90 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 15 (no. 12) (for 9 May 1878); ref. 20476] Río Magdalena, Colombia. Lectotype: NMW 68759.1. Paralectotypes: NMW 68757-58 (4, 2), 68759.2 (1), 68760-61 (3, 1); ZMUC 88 (1). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:48 [ref. 9588] as mivarti. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:48 [p. 32 of separate], Pl. 13 (fig. 1) [ref. 4227]. •Valid as Curimata mivartii Steindachner 1878 -- (Vari 1989:46 [ref. 13506], Vari & Reis 1995:303 [ref. 21943], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Curimata mivartii Steindachner 1878. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rivers in Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

modestus, Curimatorbis Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Amaral Campos) 1948:43, Fig. 21 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Near Bauru, Rio Batalha, tributary of Rio Tietê, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 20299. Paratypes: MZUSP 1350 (1), 5250-51 (1, 1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:460 [ref. 23140]. Locality and authorship corrected by Britski 1969:201, 203 [ref. 12401]. •Valid as Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Vari 1992:82 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Brandão et al. 2023:119 [ref. 40464]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin and Paraguay River above Sete Quedas Falls (Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

morawhannae, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:266, Pl. 34 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Morawhanna, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53650 [ex CM 2120 or 2122]. Paratypes: (54) BMNH 1911.10.31.479-483 (5), 1917.11.2.4 (1); CAS 44222-23 [IU 12302-03] (1, 10); FMNH 7425 (2), 53648-49 (2, 13); MCZ 30042 (2); ?NMW 68813 (2),CAS-SU 21901 (2); USNM 66142 [ex CM] (2); ZMA 100987 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:54 [ref. 12305] as CM 2122, Böhlke 1953:23 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:17 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022]; see also Vari 1991:87 [ref. 19019]; problems still remain. Spelled C. morowhannae in list of figs. and subtitle to Pl. 34. See comments on types in Britski et al. 2019:1 [ref. 36683]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1991:83 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Dillman & Vari 2024:329 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

multilineatus, Curimatus Myers [G. S.] 1927:109 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Rio Negro at Bucuri, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 58605 [ex IU 17672]. •Valid as Cyphocharax multilineatus (Myers 1927) -- (Vari & Barriga Salazar 1990:351 [ref. 15520], Vari 1992:38 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Melo & Vari 2014:331 [ref. 33379], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Bortolo & Lima 2020:9 [ref. 37597]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax multilineatus (Myers 1927). Curimatidae. Distribution: Amazon and Orinoco river basins: Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

murieli, Curimata Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:298, Pl. 14 (fig. 1) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Ucayali, Contamana, Amazon system, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 57148 [ex IU 17853]. •Synonym of Curimata vittata (Kner 1858) -- (Vari 1989:27 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata vittata (Kner 1858). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

muyrakytan, Cyphocharax Bortolo [G. C.], Lima [F. C. T.] & Melo [B. F.] 2018:346, Fig. 1 [Copeia v. 106 (no. 2); ref. 36016] Lake two km north of Comunidade Santa Sofia, Rio Arapiuns, Santarém, Pará, Brazil, 2°18'34"S, 55°07'41"W. Holotype: ZUEC 14100. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, LBP, MCP, MPEG, MZUSP, UF, ZUEC. •Valid as Cyphocharax muyrakytan Bortolo, Lima & Melo 2018. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax muyrakytan Bortolo, Lima & Melo 2018. Curimatidae. Distribution: Lower Rio Tapajós, Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

myersi, Curimatopsis Vari [R. P.] 1982:788, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 95 (no. 4); ref. 8407] Swamp, 3 kilometers northwest of Lima, San Pedro Department, Paraguay, about 23°55'S, 56°29'W. Holotype: USNM 233602. Paratypes: (publ. as 39) AMNH 50002 (1); BMNH 1982.16.18.3 (1); CAS 50707 (1); MNHNP (8); MZUSP 20659 (1); UMMZ 209809-10 (11, 9); USNM 233601 (8, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:18 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:460 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Curimatopsis myersi Vari 1982 -- (Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061], Melo et al. 2016:308 [ref. 34913], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Melo & Oliveira 2017:14 [ref. 35403]). Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis myersi Vari 1982. Curimatidae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

nagelii, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1881:98 [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 18 (no. 11) (for 5 May 1881); ref. 20484] Vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [erroneous, possibly upper Rio Grande, upper Paraná River basin]. Holotype (unique): NMW 68808. Type catalog: Melo 2024:3 [ref. 41631]. Species originally spelled as Nägelii, mandatory correction to naegelii according to ICZN Art. 32.5.2.1. Described in more detail in Steindachner 1881:11 [ref. 14299]. •Valid as Cyphocharax nagelii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Vari 1992:23 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Cyphocharax naegelii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492], Dillman & Vari 2024:321 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax naegelii (Steindachner 1881). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

nasus, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1882:142 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 19 (no. 16) (for 22 June 1882); ref. 20485] Canelos, eastern Ecuador. Lectotype: NMW 68900.1. Paralectotypes: NMW 68899 (2), 68900:2-3 (2). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:80 [p. 20 in separate], Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [ref. 4233]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:69 [ref. 19019]. •Valid as Cruxentina nasa (Steindachner 1882) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Curimata nasa Steindachner 1882 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:66 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

niceforoi, Curimata Fowler [H. W.] 1943:224, Figs. 1-3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá Dept., Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70490. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:66 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:66 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigripinnis, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:49, Figs. 29-30 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Praia do Xeruini, Rio Branco, Roraima, Brazil, about 1°00"S, 61°50'W. Holotype: MZUSP 42025. Paratypes: MZUSP 42026-28 (1, 1, 28); USNM 267976 (19), 311098 (2), 311108-09 (1, 2), 311111 (3), 311114 (2); plus non-type material. •Valid as Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax nigripinnis Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

nigrotaenia, Curimatus Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:285 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 9 (no. 52) (art. 47); ref. 14846] Rio Coxipó, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Lectotype: BMNH 1902.2.10.30. Paralectotypes: MSNG 14859 (3). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:184 [ref. 10343]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:100 [ref. 19019], but incorrect. New lectotype selected by Britski et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36683]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1991:97 [ref. 19019], Britski et al. 1999:76 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:15 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Steindachnerina nigrotaenia (Boulenger 1902) -- (Britski et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36683], Koerber et al. 2019:2 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Dillman & Vari 2024:330 [ref. 40817], Koerber 2024:3 [ref. 41228]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina nigrotaenia (Boulenger 1902). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraguay basin (Brazil, Paraguay and northwestern Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

nitens, Curimatus Holmberg [E. L.] 1891:184 [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Río Paraguay, Argentina. No types known. •Valid as Pseudocurimata nitens (Holmberg 1891) -- (Azpelicueta & Braga 1980:165 [ref. 41138]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1991:97 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:77 [ref. 28130], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:15 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

notatus, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1908:166 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 11) (for 2 Apr. 1908); ref. 18806] Belém fish market, Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 75793. •Valid as Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:25 [ref. 39235], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax notatus (Steindachner 1908). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

notograptos, Steindachnerina Lucinda [P. H. F.] & Vari [R. P.] 2009:142, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2009 (no. 1); ref. 30061] Rio Palmas, 12°37'S, 47°52'W, Paranã, Rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 42579. Paratypes: many ar MCP and UNT. •Valid as Steindachnerina notograptos Lucinda & Vari 2009 -- (Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina notograptos Lucinda & Vari 2009. Curimatidae. Distribution: Middle portions of Rio Tocantins drainage, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

notonotus, Curimatus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1937:55 [O Campo Rio de Janeiro No. 1; ref. 5025] Rio Granjeiro, Ceará, Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 2611. Paralectotypes: MNRJ [ex 2611] 11561-62 (2). Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:92 [ref. 19019]; earlier designation by Miranda Ribeiro as 2611A was not sustainable (specimen A not separated). •Valid as Steindachnerina notonota (Miranda Ribeiro 1937) -- (Vari 1991:89 [ref. 19019], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Melo et al. 2016:375 [ref. 35317], Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684], Koerber et al. 2022:25 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:5 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina notonota (Miranda Ribeiro 1937). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ocellatus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:427 [19] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Xingu, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20339. Paralectotypes: MCZ 60884 [ex MCZ 20339] (1), 87453 [ex MCZ 20339] (1, c&s). On p. 19 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:25 [ref. 13506]. •Valid as Curimata ocellata Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Vari 1989:23 [ref. 13506], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:61, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:98 [ref. 38133]). Current status: Valid as Curimata ocellata Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Negro, and upper Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, ?Bolivia, and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

oenas, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:121, Fig. 93 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] 92 nautical miles from sea buoy (8°18'00"N, 61°25'36"W), secondary caño off Caño Paloma, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-20336. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-20337 (1), USNM 235485 (10, 1 c&s). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:7 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Cyphocharax oenas Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento 2016:529 [ref. 34727], Melo 2017:118 [ref. 35213], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax oenas Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

orion, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.] & Faria [T. C.] 2024:3, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 1): e230122; ref. 41003] Rio Juma, Rio Aripuanã drainage, Madeira system, Amazon basin, Apuí, Amazonas, Brazil, 07°16'43.31"S, 60°03'23.96"W. Holotype: LBP 34856. Paratypes: LBP 33070 (4), ZUEC 18036 (1). •Valid as Cyphocharax orion Melo & Faria 2024. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax orion Melo & Faria 2024. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Aripuanã drainage, Madeira River system, Amazon River basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pallida, Curimatopsis Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.] 2017:6, Fig. 3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 91 (no. 2); ref. 35403] Igarapé at the right margin circa 20 km from mouth of Rio Cuieiras, Rio Negro, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, approximately 02°41'51.8"S, 60°23'57.6"W. Holotype: MZUSP 121192. Paratypes: LBP, MZUSP. •Valid as Curimatopsis pallida Melo & Oliveira 2017. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis pallida Melo & Oliveira 2017. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Negro, Rio Amazonas basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pantostictos, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] & Barriga Salazar [R. E.] 1990:551, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 103 (no. 3); ref. 15520] Laguna de Jatuncocha, Napo, Ecuador, 1°00'S, 75°29'W. Holotype: USNM 306594. Paratypes: ANSP 164980-81 (1, 1); MEPN 4554 (1), 4557-58 (1, 1); NRM 26567 (1); USNM 280573 (1), 305616 (1, c&s), 305617 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:19-20 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari & Barriga Salazar 1990 -- (Vari 1992:30 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Bortolo & Lima 2020:9 [ref. 37597], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax pantostictos Vari & Barriga Salazar 1990. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

paraguayensis, Curimatus elegans var. Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] (ex Mojarra) 1903:510 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Estancia La Armonia, Arroyo Carumbey, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 60583 [ex IU 9928]. Paratypes: CAS 60584 [ex IU 9954] (1), ZMB 16946 (1). The paratype is referable to Steindachnerina brevipinna according to Vari 1992:17 [ref. 19021]. •Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:11 [ref. 19021], Britski et al. 1999:74 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

patiae, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:12 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Río Telembi, Barbacoas, Lower Río Patia system, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56554 [ex CM 5368]. Paratypes: (15) CAS 60622 [ex IU 13055] (8), FMNH 56555 (3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:54 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Curimata patiae (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Pseudocurimata patiae (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Vari 1989:11 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata patiae (Eigenmann 1914). Curimatidae. Distribution: Patia River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

pearsoni, Curimata Myers [G. S.] 1929:621 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 3 (no. 18); ref. 3102] Cachuela Esperanza, Río Beni, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): CAS 57147 [ex IU 17282]. •Status uncertain, genus Psectrogaster -- (Vari 1989:30 [ref. 13548]). •Synonym of Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:64 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:15 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pectinata, Allenina Fernández-Yépez [A.] (ex Eigenmann) 1948:40, Fig. 19 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Maracapuru [= Manacapuru], Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 57149 [ex IU 4317]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:32 [ref. 19019] as leucisca, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061] as leucisca). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina leuciscus (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

peruanus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:104, Pl. 18 (fig. 4) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Río Chira at Sullana, Peru. Holotype: CAS 41722 [ex IU 15162]. Paratypes: CAS 41723 [ex IU 15162] (1), FMNH 58673 [ex CM 7684] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:30 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Curimata peruana Eigenmann 1922 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Pseudocurimata peruana (Eigenmann 1922) -- (Vari 1989:15 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34894]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata peruana (Eigenmann 1922). Curimatidae. Distribution: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

pijpersi, Curimatopsis (Hemicurimata) esperanzae Géry [J.] 1965:123, Pl. 2 (fig. 18) [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 35; ref. 7962] "Vier Gebroeders Creek", Sipaliwini River basin, southern Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 104283. Paratypes: (16) Géry Coll. (3); ZMA 104284-85 (8, 3). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:17 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910) -- (Vari 1992:32 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pinnilepis, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.], Zanata [A. M.] & Camelier [P.] 2010:382, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2010 (no. 3); ref. 30968] Aurelino Leal, Laje do Banco, Rio do Banco, tributary of Rio Gongogi, Rio de Contas basin, 14°22'01"S, 39°24'56"W, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 103250. Paratypes: UFBA, USNM. Plus non-type specimens •Valid as Cyphocharax pinnilepis Vari, Zanata & Camelier 2010 -- (Silva et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:41 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax pinnilepis Vari, Zanata & Camelier 2010. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

planirostris, Charax Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:154 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Tropical America. No types known. •Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Vari 1989:37 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

planiventris, Steindachnerina Vari [R. P.] & Williams Vari [A.] 1989:479, Figs. 1C, 11 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 102 (no. 2); ref. 12508] Near mouth of Rio Machado, 8°03'S, 62°53'W, Rondônia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 38587. Paratypes: MZUSP 38588-90 (17, 5, 18); USNM 267986 (18), 267987 (8, 2 c&s), 267989 (18). Non-types: AMNH (1 lot, 1); BMNH (1 lot, 13); MZUSP (4 lots, 29); NMW (10 lots, 53); USNM (5 lots, 54). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:40 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:497 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Steindachnerina planiventris Vari & Williams Vari 1989 -- (Vari 1991:59 [ref. 19019], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina planiventris Vari & Williams Vari 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Negro, Blanco, and middle portions of Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

platanus, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1880:12 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 6 (no. 31) (art. 2); ref. 14279] Río de la Plata, Argentina. Lectotype: BMNH 1878.5.16.59. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1878.5.16.60 (1). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:23 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax platanus (Günther 1880) -- (Vari 1992:22 [ref. 19020], Gómez & Chebez 1996:56 [ref. 23791], Sverlij et al. 1998:35 [ref. 27632], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax platanus (Günther 1880). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin and upper Paraguay River (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

plumbeus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:425 [17] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Lake Hyanuary (= Paraná do Januari), Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 31493. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20348 + 20187 (16), 92960 [ex MCZ 31493] (7); USNM 120256 [ex MCZ 20348] (6). Type information: Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022]. On p. 17 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:53 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:51 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Bortolo et al. 2018:350 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:12 [ref. 40784], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Tocantins River basins (Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

pristigaster, Curimatus (Anodus) Steindachner [F.] 1876:73 [25], Pl. 6 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4225] Tefe, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 66920. Paralectotypes: NMW 58205 (1), 67046 (1), 66921 (1). On p. 25 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1984:19 [ref. 5307]. •Valid as Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1984:17 [ref. 5307], Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

pterostigma, Prochilodus Fowler [H. W.] 1913:520, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira, about 20 miles north of Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ANSP 39187. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:66 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Curimata bimaculata Steindachner 1876 -- (Vari & Castro 1988:779 [ref. 12872]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1991:46 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

punctata, Curimata Vari [R. P.] & Nijssen [H.] 1986:52, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-4) [Beaufortia v. 36 (no. 4); ref. 8027] Litani River near Kawatop Village, upper Marowijne River system, Marowijne District, Suriname, 3°11'N, 54°12'W. Holotype: USNM 275000. Paratypes: ANSP 158202 (3); BMNH 1986.3.26.1-3 (3); CAS 58151 (3); FMNH 96906 (3); IRSNB 651 (orig. 76, now 56), 652 (3); MHNG 2251.05 (3); MNHN 1986-0395 (3); MZUSP [ex IRSNB 651] (30); NMW 82174 (3); USNM 278053 (6, 3 c&s), 278054 (5); ZMA 119424-25 (4, 3), 119458 (3). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:10-11 [ref. 20755], Vari & Howe 1991:17 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:458 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax punctatus (Vari & Nijssen 1986) -- (Vari 1992:63 [ref. 19020], Planquette et al. 1996: [ref. 22818] as punctata, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax punctatus (Vari & Nijssen 1986). Curimatidae. Distribution: Marowijne River system: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

pupula, Steindachnerina Vari [R. P.] 1991:77, Figs. 54-57 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology v. 507; ref. 19019] Small caño draining into Río Oronoco, about 1 kilometer upstream of mouth of Río Zuata, Guarico, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-19300. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-8942 (1), V-13489 (2), V-19301 to 02 (4, 1); USNM 235462 (2), 258008 (2), 258081 (3), 302170 (1); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:40 [ref. 19022], Provenzano et al. 1998:17-18 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Steindachnerina pupula Vari 1991 -- (Taphorn 1992:426 [ref. 23654], Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina pupula Vari 1991. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

quasimodoi, Steindachnerina Vari [R. P.] & Williams Vari [A.] 1989:476, Figs. 1b, 6-7 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 102 (no. 2); ref. 12508] Río Yavari (= Río Javarí), near Petropolis, Loreto, Peru. Holotype: USNM 293041. Paratypes: MUSM 1698 (4), 1699 (3); MZUSP 38593 (2), 38594 (3); NRM 26511-12 (7, 9); USNM 293040 (3), 293042 (7, 2 c&s). Non-types: CAS-SU 36888 (1); USNM 175868 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:40 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:497 [ref. 23140]. See Pavanelli & Britski 1999:216 [ref. 24224]. •Valid as Steindachnerina quasimodoi Vari & Williams Vari 1989 -- (Vari 1991:57 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:62 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina quasimodoi Vari & Williams Vari 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: western portions of Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

rehni, Curimatella Fowler [H. W.] 1932:343, Fig. [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 84; ref. 16366] Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 53721. Paratypes: ANSP 53722-27 [not 53722-37] (5), Géry [ex ANSP 53727] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:66 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Vari 1992:109 [ref. 19020], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax gillii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

reticulata, Curimata Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:295, Pl. 14 (fig. 2) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Lake Cashiboya, Amazon system, Peru. Holotype: CAS 60628 [ex IU 17857]. Paratypes: CAS 60629 [ex IU 17857] (3), USNM 167807 [ex IU 17857] (orig. 8, now 7), UMMZ 185274 [ex IU 17856] (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Curimata reticulata Allen 1942 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner 1882) -- (Vari 1992:20 [ref. 19021], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner 1882). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rhomboides, Psectrogaster Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:7 [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Rio Poti at Teresina, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20306. Paralectotypes: (over 50) MCZ 20303 + 20304 (9), 20310 (1), 60392 [ex MCZ 20306] (42); USNM 120287 [ex MCZ 20303] (4). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:35 [ref. 19022]. Also described as new in Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:412 [4] [ref. 1254]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:36 [ref. 13548]. •Valid as Psectrogaster rhomboides Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Vari 1989:35 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:375 [ref. 35317], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:25 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:5 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster rhomboides Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Parnaíba and Juguaribe River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

robustula, Curimata Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:298 [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Creek, Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru. Lectotype: CAS 63052 [ex IU 15830]. Paralectotypes: CAS 63053 [ex IU 15830] (7). Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:87 [ref. 19019]. •Valid as Rivasella robustula (Allen 1942) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Curimata robustula Allen 1942 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1991:83 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:61 [ref. 27061], Dillman & Vari 2024:329 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina guentheri (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

roncador, Salmo Natterer [J.] in Kner 1859:141 [5] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 17; ref. 2631] On p. 5 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in synonymy of Curimata vittata Kner 1858. •In the synonymy of Curimata vittata (Kner 1858) -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:446 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Curimata vittata (Kner 1858). Curimatidae.

roseni, Curimata Vari [R. P.] 1989:35, Figs. 25-27 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 474; ref. 13506] Cataract pool, Cachoeira do Bem Querer, Rio Branco, Roraima, Brazil, about 2°50'N, 60°43'W. Holotype: MZUSP 28651. Paratypes: AMNH 55599 (1), 55631 (2); BMNH 1972.7.27.417-419 (3), 1984.8.23.1 (1); MTD F 27520 [ex Géry coll.] (1); MZUSP 7044 (1), 21183 (1), 28652 (4), 28653 (3), 35247 (2); USNM 267349 (3), 267350 (4, 2 c&s), 267595 (1), 267995 (7), 268596 (3, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:17 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:458 [ref. 23140], Zarske 2003:21 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Curimata roseni Vari 1989 -- (Vari & Reis 1995:303 [ref. 21943], Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:61, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:99 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:26 [ref. 39235] unconfirmed, Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Curimata roseni Vari 1989. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Orinoco River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

runa, Steindachnerina Vari [R. P.] 1991:75, Figs. 50-53 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology v. 507; ref. 19019] Morawijne or Gran Creek, 63 kilometers south of Afobaka, Brokopondo, Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 120501. Paratypes: USNM 300000 (10, 2 c&s); ZMA 119426-27 (4, 1); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:40 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina varii Géry, Planquette & Le Bail 1991 -- (Vari 1993 [ref. 21020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:62 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011:527 [ref. 31707], Dillman & Vari 2024:330 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina varii Géry, Planquette & Le Bail 1991. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rutiloides, Curimatus Kner [R.] 1858:76 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Barra do Rio Negro [Mato Grosso; Manaus, Brazil]. Lectotype: NMW 75980.2. Paralectotypes: NMW 59533 (1, dry), 75980.1 (1), 75981 (1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1859:141, Pl. 1 (fig. 2) [ref. 2631]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:25, 27 [ref. 13548] with a discrepancy in catalog number. •Valid as Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner 1858) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari 1989:23 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:64, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:113 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Dillman & Vari 2024:326 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

sabana, Curimatopsis Melo [B. F.] 2020:3, Figs. 1, 4G-H [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e200002; ref. 37600] Río Paragua, above second rapid upriver from the río Carapo mouth, río Caroni, Orinoco basin, Bolívar, Venezuela, approximately 5°35'35"N, 63°42'19"W. Holotype: AMNH 274996. Paratypes: AMNH, AUM, LBP. •Valid as Curimatopsis sabana Melo 2020. Current status: Valid as Curimatopsis sabana Melo 2020. Curimatidae. Distribution: Río Caroni drainage, Orinoco basin, western Guiana Shield, Bolívar, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

saguiru, Curimata Fowler [H. W.] 1941:164, Fig. 77 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Lago Papary, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 69461. Paratypes: ANSP 69462 and 69482 (2, in 1 jar). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:66 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Psectrogaster saguiru (Fowler 1941) -- (Vari 1989:21 [ref. 13548], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Psectrogaster saguiru (Fowler 1941). Curimatidae. Distribution: Northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

saladensis, Curimatopsis Meinken [H.] 1933:71, Fig. [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 44 (no. 5); ref. 16504] Río Salado, affluent to Río Paraná, Santa Fe region, Argentina. Syntypes: ZMB (lost), possibly from the same aquarium stock: USNM 94306, 94307. Type information: Vari 1992:71 [ref. 19020] with USNM 94307 (2) from the same imported shipment as the types. •Valid as Cyphocharax saladensis (Meinken 1933) -- (Malabarba 1989:124 [ref. 14217], Vari 1992:69 [ref. 19020], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], López et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27366], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:74 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Serra et al. 2013:1577 [ref. 33003], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Melo et al. 2022:335 [ref. 39301], Giora & Wingert 2023:22 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506], Dillman & Vari 2024:322 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax saladensis (Meinken 1933). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

sanctigabrielis, Cyphocharax Melo [B. F.] & Vari [R. P.] 2014:328, Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33379] Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Igarapé Nouba Uba, near BR-307 road, upper rio Negro, Amazon basin, 00°00.321'N, 66°55.357’W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 115004. Paratypes: LBP 6963 (6). •Valid as Cyphocharax sanctigabrielis Melo & Vari 2014 -- (Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax sanctigabrielis Melo & Vari 2014. Curimatidae. Distribution: Upper rio Negro, Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

santacatarinae, Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1948:50, Fig. 25 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Hansa, margin of Rio Itajai, near Blumenau, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 11581. Paratypes: MZUSP 1806 (1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:492 [ref. 23140]. For clarification of locality and types see Britski 1969:203 [ref. 12401]. •Valid as Cyphocharax sanctaecatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Vari 1992:93 [ref. 19020], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers of Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

schomburgkii, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1864:291 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Lectotype: BMNH 1978.9.12.2. Paralectotypes: (4) BMNH 1843.7.1.35 (1), 1857.6.13.130 (1), 1986.12.15.68 (2). Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:40 [ref. 13506]. •Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Vari 1989:37 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata cyprinoides (Linnaeus 1766). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

semiornatus, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1914:262 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 51 (no. 12); ref. 14176] Rio Negro mouth, Amazon system, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 67102. Paralectotypes: NMW 67101-03 (3, 2, 1). •Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1991:46 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

semitaeniatus, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1915:18 [4] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 93; ref. 4244] Moara, near mouth of Rio Branco in Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW. On p. 4 of separate; also in Steindachner 1917 [ref. 15259]. Species not listed in earlier abstract [ref. 18909]. •Synonym of Curimata ocellata Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Vari 1989:23 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata ocellata Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

septemradiatus, Salmo Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:387 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Originally as Salmo 7-radiatus. Quoted from Larrañaga manuscript as Sp. n., but Devincenzi (p. 322, 311) treated as a synonym of Curimatus gilberti [gilbert] (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

seriata, Steindachnerina Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Vari [R. P.] 2011:524, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2011 (no. 4); ref. 31707] Rio Jamanxim basin of Rio Tapajós system, near bridge along highway BR 163, south of Vila Mil, 7°51'47"S, 55°10'47"W, Novo Progresso, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 97569. Paratypes: AMNH 191430 (1); MZUSP 106055 [ex MZUSP 97569] (1), 97543 (2); USNM 396026 (1). •Valid as Steindachnerina seriata Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011. Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina seriata Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2011. Curimatidae. Distribution: Rio Jamanxim basin of Rio Tapajós system, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

serpae, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:7 [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 42); ref. 1252] Serpa (= Amazon River at Itacoatiara), Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20320. Paralectotypes: MCZ 92959 (3). Also described as new in Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:418 [10] [ref. 1254]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:23 [ref. 19021]. •Synonym of Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner 1882) -- (Vari 1992:20 [ref. 19021], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimatella meyeri (Steindachner 1882). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

sialis, Curimatus bimaculatus var. Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:422 [14] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Lake Manacapuru, Brazil. Lectotype: USNM 120401 [ex MCZ 20206]. Paralectotypes: (8) MCZ 20206 (1), MCZ 86348 [ex MCZ 20206] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:18 [ref. 19022]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1991:49 [ref. 19019]. Some paralectotypes (MCZ 86348) are referable to Steindachneria leucisca (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:32 [ref. 19019]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1991:46 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

signatus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:67, Fig. 47 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Rio Vermelho, where crossed by road from Aruanã to Britânia, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 41757. Paratypes: MZUSP 41758 (1), USNM 308392 (3, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:464 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax signatus Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax signatus Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Vermelho River, Rio Araguaia basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

simulatus, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:430 [22] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Solimões at Fonte Boa, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20198. Paralectotypes: MCZ 20194 (3), 60885 [ex MCZ 20198] (1), 60886 [ex MCZ 20198] (3). On p. 22 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:53 [ref. 13506]. •Synonym of Curimata aspera Günther 1868 -- (Vari 1989:50 [ref. 13506], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:52 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Curimata aspera Günther 1868. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

spilota, Curimata Vari [R. P.] 1987:603, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 6059] Rio Santa Maria, at bridge on Rodovia highway BR-293 between Dom Pedrito and Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 37133. Paratypes: MCP 9613 (4), MZUSP 37134 (7), USNM 285194 (12, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:17 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:458-459 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987) -- (Vari 1992:72 [ref. 19020], Gómez & Chebez 1996:56 [ref. 23791], Butí & Cancino 1999:71 [ref. 25277], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:12 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:75 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Taphorn et al. 2022:23 [ref. 41297], Giora & Wingert 2023:23 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spilotus (Vari 1987). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay, lower Paraná, and Paraguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

spiluropsis, Curimatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:420 [12] [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (no. 12); ref. 1254] Rio Iça, tributary of Rio Solimões, near Brazil-Colombia border, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 92961. Paralectotypes and non-types: MCZ 20216 + 20218 (4 of 5, mixed) + 27408; USNM 120403 [ex MCZ 20216 or/and 27408] (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:19 [ref. 19022]. On p. 12 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:115 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Curimata spiluropsis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Vari 1992:114 [ref. 19020]). •Valid as Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061] with type as MCZ 20818, Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:16 [ref. 40784], Melo & Faria 2024:8 [ref. 41003]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

spilurus, Curimatus Günther [A.] 1864:288 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Lectotype: BMNH 1864.1.21.70. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.71 (1). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:101 [ref. 19020]; paralectotype is identified as Cyphocharax helleri by Vari. •Valid as Curimata spilurus Günther 1864 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708] as spilura). •Valid as Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther 1864) -- (Taphorn 1992:417 [ref. 23654], Vari 1992:100 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:7 [ref. 24302], Planquette et al. 1996:124 [ref. 22818], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Vari et al. 2012:67 [ref. 31971], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35773], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40784]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther 1864). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: rivers draining the Guiana Shield, Venezuela to French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

spixii, Characinus (Curimatus) Swainson [W.] 1839:289 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] No types known. Based on Spix, Pl. 30 -- which is Spix & Agassiz 1829:Pl. 30 [ref. 13]. Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

squamoralevis, Semitapiscis Braga [L.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 1983:140, Figs. 1-2 [Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment v. 18; ref. 5308] Río Paraná, Rosario (Santa Fe), Argentina. Holotype: MLP 2976 [ex 29-V-40-52]. Paratypes: Now at MLP. MLP 29-V-40-50-51 (2), 29-V-40-53 (1), 3-VI-43-14 (1), 5-V-68-85 (3), 1-II-67-9 (2), 8-IX-63-1 (8), 14-XII-32-21 (1), 8-XI-62-25 (1), 3-III-66-13 (5), 10-XII-80-1 (1). Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:3 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Potamorhina squamoralevis (Braga & Azpelicueta 1983) -- (Vari 1984:26 [ref. 5307], Gómez & Chebez 1996:55 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:75 [ref. 24147], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:58 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:12 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:63, 186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:15 [ref. 35267], Loureiro et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Potamorhina squamoralevis (Braga & Azpelicueta 1983). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and Paraná River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

steindachneri, Pseudocurimata Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1948:48, Fig. 24 [Boletin Taxonómico del Laboratorio de Pesquería de Caiguire, Venezuela No. 1; ref. 1316] Truando [not Boca de Certegui], Río Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 60623 [ex IU 13472 in part]. Paratypes: IU 13473 (1) [in error]. See Vari 1992:59 [ref. 19020] for information on the holotype, putative paratype, and type locality. •Synonym of Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878) -- (Vari 1992:56 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax magdalenae (Steindachner 1878). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmaturus, Curimatus Fowler [H. W.] 1914:673 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65 (for 1913); ref. 1391] Río Marañon at Nauta, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 21424 (poor condition). Paratypes: ANSP 21425-27 (3, in jar with holotype). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:67 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Curimata stigmatura Fowler 1914 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:114 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmaturus, Prochilodus Fowler [H. W.] 1911:494, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1384] Affluent of the Río Chimbo near Bucay, Guayas Province, western Ecuador [probably erroneous]. Holotype (unique): ANSP 39104. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:148 [ref. 13621]. •Placed in genus Steindachnerina -- (Vari & Castro 1988 [ref. 12872]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868) -- (Vari 1991:66 [ref. 19019] but type locality probably in error, Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina dobula (Günther 1868). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmosa, Curimata Vari [R. P.] 1987:606, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 100 (no. 3); ref. 6059] Rio Jacuí, at bridge between Santa Maria and Veracruz, about 29°41'S, 53°19'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 37135. Paratypes: MCP 9224 (3), 9613 (4); MZUSP 21721 (1), 21728 (1), 28252 (4), 37134 (7), 37136 (3); USNM 285190-92 (2, 1, 1), 285193 (3, 1 c&s), 285194 (12, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:18 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:458 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Steindachnerina stigmosa (Vari 1987) -- (Malabarba 1989:125 [ref. 14217]). •Synonym of Steindachnerina biornata (Braga & Azpelicueta 1987) -- (Vari 1991:51 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Dillman & Vari 2024:328 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina biornata (Braga & Azpelicueta 1987). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

stilbolepis, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:20, Figs 4-5 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] Belo Monte, Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil, about 3°10'S, 5°50'W. Holotype: MZUSP 41759. Paratypes: MZUSP 41760 (5), USNM 268057 (5, 1 c&s), plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:464 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari 1992 -- (Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745] as cf. stilbolepis, Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[5] [ref. 35679], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax stilbolepis Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: Tocantins and Xingu River basins, Brazil and Ecuador?. Habitat: freshwater.

surinamensis, Curimatus Steindachner [F.] 1910:267 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 47 (no. 17) (for 30 June 1910); ref. 14874] Upper Suriname River, Suriname. Syntypes: (4) NMW (apparently lost). •Synonym of Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther 1864) -- (Vari 1992:100 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther 1864). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

tamuya, Cyphocharax Dutra [G. M.], Vita [G.], Gentile [P. V.], Ochoa [L. E.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2022:5, Figs. 1, 2A [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 3): e220017; ref. 39492] Paraibuna River, Paraibuna, São Paulo, Brazil, 23°22'59"S, 45°40'00"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125833. Paratypes: MZUSP. •Valid as Cyphocharax tamuya Dutra, Vita, Gentile, Ochoa & Netto-Ferreira 2022. Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax tamuya Dutra, Vita, Gentile, Ochoa & Netto-Ferreira 2022. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Paraíbuna and Paraitinga River drainages, upper Paraíba do Sul River basin, São Paulo, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

trachystethus, Curimatus Cope [E. D.] 1878:684 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon, probably Pebas, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 21470. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:67 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari 1991:46 [ref. 19019], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Steindachnerina bimaculata (Steindachner 1876). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

troschelii, Anodus Günther [A.] 1860:418 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1859 (pt 3) (art. 7); ref. 18210] Western Andes of Ecuador. Lectotype: BMNH 1860.6.16.173. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1860.6.16.174-178 (5), 1860.6.16.199-200 (2). Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:20 [ref. 13475]. •Valid as Curimatorbis troschelii (Günther 1860) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther 1860) -- (Vari 1989:18 [ref. 13475], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:59 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:92 [ref. 34894], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:121 [ref. 40816], Valenzuela et al. 2023:94 [ref. 40815]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocurimata troschelii (Günther 1860). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

ucayalensis, Curimatoides Fowler [H. W.] 1940:256, Fig. 55 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Río Ucayali basin, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 68670. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:67 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Curimatella ucayalensis (Fowler 1940) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708]). •Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:114 [ref. 19020], Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vandeli, Curimatus Puyo [J.] 1943:145 [5], Fig. 3 [Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse v. 78 (no. 3); ref. 13072] Small creek in region of upper Marouni River, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): apparently lost. On p. 5 of separate. •Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910) -- (Vari 1992:32 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax helleri (Steindachner 1910). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vanderi, Curimata Britski [H. A.] 1980:327, Fig. 1 [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 33 (no. 23); ref. 8734] Rio Corumbataí, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 4325. Paratypes: MZUSP 4305-24 (20), 4326-27 (2), 4328-37 (10), 4338-42 (5), 13395-96 (2). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:459-460 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax vanderi (Britski 1980) -- (Vari 1992:65 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Bortolo & Lima 2020:9 [ref. 37597], Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364], Melo et al. 2022:335 [ref. 39301]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax vanderi (Britski 1980). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

vari, Curimata Gaye-Siessegger [J.] & Fricke [R.] 1998:3, Fig. 1 [Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie). No. 576; ref. 23755] Rio Cubatão, 2 kilometers above national highway bridge, 27°41'30"S, 48°40'50"W, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 22105 [ex SMNS 17508]. Paratypes: SMNS 19170 (1), USNM 345527 (1). Type catalog: Fricke 2005:29 [ref. 29864]. •Synonym of Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948) -- (Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:267 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:56 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax santacatarinae (Fernández-Yépez 1948). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.

varii, Steindachnerina Géry [J.], Planquette [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.] 1991:32, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Cybium v. 15 (no. 1, suppl.); ref. 21021] Awahakiki creek, Maroni basin, French Guiana. Holotype: MHNG 2435.76. Paratypes: (17) IRSNB 780 (2). Type catalog: Weber 1998:9 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Steindachnerina varii Géry, Planquette & Le Bail 1991 -- (Vari 1993 [ref. 21020], Planquette et al. 1996:130 [ref. 22818], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:62 [ref. 27061], Dillman & Vari 2024:330 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Steindachnerina varii Géry, Planquette & Le Bail 1991. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

vexillapinnus, Cyphocharax Vari [R. P.] 1992:39, Figs. 20-22 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 529; ref. 19020] 10 kilometers upstream of Belén (Iquitos), Río Itaya, Loreto, Peru, about 3°51'S, 73°12'W. Holotype: USNM 296394. Paratypes: MUSM 2721 (4), MZUSP 41761 (3), NRM 26569 (6), USNM 296361 (8); plus non-type material. Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:464 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Cyphocharax vexillapinnus Vari 1992 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Wosiacki & Miranda 2014:632 [ref. 33098], Dutra et al. 2016:163 [ref. 34378], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax vexillapinnus Vari 1992. Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: middle and upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

vittatus, Curimatus Kner [R.] 1858:76, Fig. 1 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Río Guaporé, Bolivia. Lectotype: NMW 68805.1. Paralectotypes: NMW 16363 (1), 68805.2 (1), 79430-32 (1, 1, 1, all dry). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1859:139, Fig. 1 [ref. 2631]. Lectotype selected by Vari 1989:29 [ref. 13506]. Parentheses are used around Kner 1858 since Curimatus and Curimata have different authors and can be considered different genera. •Valid as Curimata vittata (Kner 1858) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Vari 1989:27 [ref. 13506], Vari & Reis 1995:302 [ref. 21943], Gaye-Siessegger & Fricke 1998:6 [ref. 23755], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:61, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:99 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Curimata vittata (Kner 1858). Curimatidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, upper Orinoco and Essequibo River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

voga, Curimatus Hensel [R.] 1870:78 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 36 (pt. 1); ref. 18277] Rio dos Sinos at São Leopoldo, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMB 7472. Paralectotypes: ZMB 23577 (3, plus 2 lost). Lectotype selected by Vari 1992:81 [ref. 19020]. •Valid as Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1870) -- (Malabarba 1989:124 [ref. 14217], Vari 1992:78 [ref. 19020], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Sverlij et al. 1998:36 [ref. 27632], Bertaco & Cardoso 2001:268 [ref. 25132], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:57 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:12 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:76 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Fabiano et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33530], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:12 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Melo 2017:119 [ref. 35213], Koerber et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35267], Bortolo et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36016], Dutra et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39492], Giora & Wingert 2023:24 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:46 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cyphocharax voga (Hensel 1870). Curimatidae. Distribution: Widespread in southeast South America: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

xinguensis, Curimatus (Curimatella) Steindachner [F.] 1908:167 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 11) (for 2 Apr. 1908); ref. 18806] Rio Xingu, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 68817. •Synonym of Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Vari 1992:26 [ref. 19020], Vari in Reis et al. 2003:55 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Curimatidae. Habitat: freshwater.