Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Distichodontidae: [ 150 ] records

abbreviatus, Distichodus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1877:845 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 3454] Congo River, Congo. Holotype (unique): ZMB 9835. Type catalog: Zarske 2011:69 [ref. 31375]. •Synonym of Distichodus affinis Günther 1873 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:186 [ref. 6185], Zarske 2011:69 [ref. 31375], Musschoot 2024:334 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus affinis Günther 1873. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

aegyptius, Salmo Gmelin [J. F.] (ex Forsskål) 1789:1386 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Nile River, Egypt. No types known. Based on misidentification of Salmo niloticus (non Linnaeus 1758) in Forsskål 1775:xiii, 66 [ref. 1351] (see Fricke 2008: 17[ref. 30182]). Spelled Salmo aegyptiacus by Walbaum 1792:83 [ref. 4572], in synonymy of Salmo niloticus. •Synonym of Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Fricke 2008:18 [ref. 30182], Musschoot 2024:337 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Distichodus Günther [A.] 1873:144 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 12 (no. 68) (art. 19); ref. 2003] Boma, Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1873.7.28.24. •Valid as Distichodus affinis Günther 1873 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:186 [ref. 6185], Géry 1996:10 [ref. 22207], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1707 [ref. 35459], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[8] 707 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Musschoot 2024:334 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus affinis Günther 1873. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

albini, Distichodus Steindachner [F.] 1914:537 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 51 (no. 25); ref. 18910] Ulanga River at Ifakara, Rufjii basin, Tanzania. Holotype (unique): NMW 68682. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1915:66 [p. 8 of separate] Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [ref. 15072]. •Synonym of Distichodus petersii Pfeffer 1896 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:191 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus petersii Pfeffer 1896. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Distichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:80, Pl. 35 (fig. 1) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 4); ref. 549] Kutu and Utanda, Lake Leopold II, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.9.26.113 (1) Ibali; MRAC 733 to 734 (1, 1). •Valid as Distichodus altus Boulenger 1899 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:186 [ref. 6185], Lévèque et al. 1991:139 [ref. 31367], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1707 [ref. 35459], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:335 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus altus Boulenger 1899. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: upper Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Nannocharax Pellegrin [J.] 1930:203 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 55 (no. 3); ref. 16118] Kouilou River, Gabon. Syntypes: MNHN 1929-0242 (17, now 14?); MRAC 20646 (1); ?MSNM 2018 [ex MSNM 4471 and MNHN] (1), USNM 92963 [ex MNHN 1929-0242] (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:41 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Nannocharax altus Pellegrin 1930 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:201 [ref. 6185], Vari 2007:437 [ref. 30023], Fermon et al. 2022:144 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:344 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax altus Pellegrin 1930. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

angolensis, Hemigrammocharax Poll [M.] 1967:121, Fig. 51 [Publicações Culturais, Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG), Lisboa No. 75; ref. 3528] Poste de Cuílo, Xá-Ua, Luíta River, Angola, 8°02'S, 19°25'E. Holotype: MD 6222. Paratypes: MD 5507 (3), 6222 (11), 12415 (1); MRAC 158822-27 (6). Plus more than 1300 non-types. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:46 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Hemigrammocharax angolensis Poll 1967 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:194 [ref. 6185], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax angolensis (Poll 1967) -- (Jerep et al. 2014:367 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Musschoot 2024:344 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax angolensis (Poll 1967). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

angustolinea, Nannaethiops Nichols [J. T.] 1923:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 57; ref. 15413] Fort Crampel, Gribingui River, Central African Republic. Holotype: AMNH 8106. Paratypes: AMNH 8111 (2). •Synonym of Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:206 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:257 [ref. 21589], Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Nannaethiops unifasciatus (Steindachner 1894). Current status: Synonym of Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ansorgii, Distichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:373 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 40) (art. 41); ref. 12351] Geba River and Culufi River and Pulong River, Guinea-Bissau. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.4.1.65-68 (4), 1912.4.1.69-74 (6), 1912.4.1.75-77 (3); CAS 60707 [ex IU 14089] (1); MRAC 7074 (1); ZMB 18444 (6) Culufi River. Type catalog: Zarske 2011:71 [ref. 31375]. •Synonym of Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1904) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:208 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:247 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Zarske 2011:71 [ref. 31375], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1904). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ansorgii, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1911:374 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 40) (art. 41); ref. 12351] Geba and Culufi rivers, Guinea-Bissau. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.4.1.78-82 (5), 1912.4.1.83-87 (5), 1912.4.11.373-382 (?10, not found); ?MCZ 31505 (1); MRAC 7095 (1); USNM 92960 [ex BMNH 1912.4.11.373-382] (1); ZMB 18445 (6) Culufi River. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022], Zarske 2011:78 [ref. 31375]. •Valid as Nannocharax ansorgii Boulenger 1911 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:201 [ref. 6185], Coenen & Teugels 1989:317 [ref. 13539], Lévêque et al. 1989:116 [ref. 26480], Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:250 [ref. 21589], Paugy et al. 1990:337 [ref. 26477], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Dankwa et al. 1999:22 [ref. 28023], Moritz 2010:294 [ref. 30684], Zarske 2011:78 [ref. 31375], Jerep et al. 2014:367 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Fermon et al. 2022:144 [ref. 39448] with question, Musschoot 2024:344 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax ansorgii Boulenger 1911. Distichodontidae. Distribution: West Africa: Senegal south to Central African Republic and Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

ansorgii, Neolebias Boulenger [G. A.] 1912:8, Pl. 17 (fig. 3) [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 2 (fasc. 3); ref. 581] Marshes near Luculla River, Mayumbe, Chiloango River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Lectotype: BMNH 1912.4.1.276. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1912.4.1.277-279 (3), 1912.4.1.280-281 (2); ANSP 38662-63 (2); MRAC 1619-20 (2), 1621-22 (2); ZMB 18803 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:99 [ref. 13621], Zarske 2011:78 [ref. 31375]. Lectotype selected by Poll & Gosse 1963:23 [ref. 5137]. •Valid as Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger 1912 -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:206 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:257 [ref. 21589], Vari 2007:453 [ref. 30023], Zarske 2011:78 [ref. 31375], Skelton 2019:226 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:145 [ref. 39448], Walsh et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39281], Musschoot 2024:351 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger 1912. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Niger Delta south to lower Congo River (Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

antonii, Distichodus Schilthuis [L.] 1891:89 [Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, Ser. 2 v. 3; ref. 3925] Bayari Sea, Mbutu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1898.11.17.10. Non-type: BMNH 1899.9.6.10 (1) Kinshassa. •Valid as Distichodus antonii Schilthuis 1891 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:186 [ref. 6185], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1716 [ref. 35459], Moelants et al. 2018:191 [ref. 35738], Abwe et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36905], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:335 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus antonii Schilthuis 1891. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo and Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

atroventralis, Distichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:28, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 2); ref. 4864] Lake Bayari, Congo River, Lower Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Lectotype: BMNH 1891.12.29.13. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1891.11.17.12 (1), MRAC 30 (1). Lectotype selected by Moelants et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35738]. •Valid as Distichodus atroventralis Boulenger 1898 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:187 [ref. 6185], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1715 [ref. 35459], Moelants et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35738], Abwe et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36905], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:335 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus atroventralis Boulenger 1898. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

axelrodi, Neolebias Poll [M.] & Gosse [J.-P.] 1963:31, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 116; ref. 5137] About 30 miles from Lagos along the new route, Nigeria. Holotype: BMNH 1970.12.14.200. Paratypes: MRAC 140102 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:58 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Neolebias axelrodi Poll & Gosse 1963 -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:207 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:258 [ref. 21589], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias axelrodi Poll & Gosse 1963. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western Africa: Nigeria. Habitat: freshwater.

bashforddeani, Microstomatichthyoborus Nichols [J. T.] & Griscom [L.] 1917:685, Fig. 6 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 37 (art. 25); ref. 3185] Bomokandi River, Poko, Congo. Holotype (unique): AMNH 6329. •Valid as Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Nichols & Griscom 1917 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:199 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:155 [ref. 24781], Musschoot 2024:342 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Nichols & Griscom 1917. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

besse, Characinus Joannis [L. de] 1835:no page number, Pl. 10 [Magasin de Zoologie 1835 (5 anneé); ref. 2355] Nile River at Thebes, Egypt. Syntypes: MNHN A-9721 (2, poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:42 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Ichthyborus besse (Joannis 1835) -- (Vari 1979:335 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:197 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:241 [ref. 21589], Poll & Gosse 1995:151 [ref. 24781], Neumann et al. 2016:305 [ref. 35036]). Current status: Valid as Ichthyborus besse (Joannis 1835). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Egypt. Habitat: freshwater.

bidentatus, Dundocharax Poll [M.] 1967:129, Fig. 54 [Publicações Culturais, Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG), Lisboa No. 75; ref. 3528] Lucoge River, Angola. Holotype: MD 6500. Paratypes: MD 6495 (1), 6500 (4), 6505 (1), 6507 (1); MRAC [all ex MD] 159973 (1), 159974-75 (2), 159976 (1), 159977-80 (4). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:39 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Neolebias bidentatus (Poll 1967) -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490]). •Valid as Dundocharax bidentatus Poll 1967 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:193 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:157 [ref. 24781], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Musschoot 2024:339 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Dundocharax bidentatus Poll 1967. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

bleheri, Nannaethiops Géry [J.] & Zarske [A.] 2003:37 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 53; ref. 27475] Small lake in Upper White Nile basin, southeastern Ethiopia. Holotype: MTD F 24823. Paratypes: Géry. Coll. 1028.1-2.2001 (2), MHNG 2618.89 (1), MRAC 2001-60-P-1 (1), MTD F 24824 (1). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:22 [ref. 27474] but with original genus wrongly as Neolebias and status as Neolebias bleheri. •Valid as Nannaethiops bleheri Géry & Zarske 2003 -- (Musschoot 2024:343 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannaethiops bleheri Géry & Zarske 2003. Distichodontidae. Distribution: East central Africa: upper White Nile basin, southeastern Ethiopia. Habitat: freshwater.

boulengeri, Phago Schilthuis [L.] 1891:90 [Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, Ser. 2 v. 3; ref. 3925] Kinshasa, Stanley Pool, upper Congo River, near Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1899.9.6.12. Non-type: MCZ 33911 (1). •Valid as Phago boulengeri Schilthuis 1891 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:209 [ref. 6185], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Phago boulengeri Schilthuis 1891. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipinnis, Distichodus Günther [A.] 1864:361 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Upper Nile River, Khartoum, Sudan. Syntypes: BMNH 1862.6.17.104-106 (3). •Valid as Distichodus brevipinnis Günther 1864 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:187 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:246 [ref. 21589], Dankwa et al. 1999:21 [ref. 28023], Musschoot 2024:335 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus brevipinnis Günther 1864. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Africa: western Africa and upper Nile basin. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:27, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 2 (fasc. 2); ref. 562] Ubangi River at Banzyville, Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 4°18'N, 21°11'E. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1901.12.26.21 (1), MRAC 1282 (1). •Valid as Nannocharax brevis Boulenger 1902 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:201 [ref. 6185], Jerep et al. 2014:367 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Manda et al. 2021:327 [ref. 38403], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:345 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax brevis Boulenger 1902. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Democratic Republic of Congo and Central African Republic. Habitat: freshwater.

caudimaculatum, Psalidostoma Kner [R.] 1864:100 [2], Pl. [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 50 (no. 1); ref. 2639] White Nile River, Sudan. Holotype (unique): lost. On p. 2 of separate. •Synonym of Ichthyborus besse (Joannis 1835) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:197 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:241 [ref. 21589]). Current status: Synonym of Ichthyborus besse (Joannis 1835). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

chochamandai, Nannocharax Manda [B. K.], Snoeks [J.], Decru [E.], Brecko [J.] & Vreven [E. J.] 2023:6, Figs. 1c, 3b, 4b-d [Journal of Fish Biology v. 103 (no. 3); ref. 40270] Fungwe River at Kanonga Village, upstream of the confluence with the Kanonga River, Democratic Republic of Congo, 9°51'31"S, 25°7'14.4"E, elevation 623 meters. Holotype: MRAC 2016.025.P.0298. Paratypes: AMNH, BMNH, IRSNB, MRAC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Nannocharax chochamandai Manda, Snoeks, Decru, Brecko & Vreven 2023. Current status: Valid as Nannocharax chochamandai Manda, Snoeks, Decru, Brecko & Vreven 2023. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Lualaba, Luvua and Lukuga River drainages, Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

christyi, Tristichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1920:20, Fig. 8 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 2 (fasc. 4); ref. 587] Poko, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1919.9.10.141 (1), MRAC 7160 (1). •Synonym of Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Nichols & Griscom 1917 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:199 [ref. 6185] with MRAC as holotype, Musschoot 2024:342 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Microstomatichthyoborus bashforddeani Nichols & Griscom 1917. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

congolensis, Ichthyborus besse Giltay [L.] 1930:395, Figs. 2-3 [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 21342] Nyonga, upper Luapula, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 20555. Paratypes: IRSNB 37 (1); MRAC 20554 (1), 20556-559 (1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:11 [ref. 20755]. •Synonym of Ichthyborus besse (Joannis 1835), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:197 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:241 [ref. 21589], Poll & Gosse 1995:151 [ref. 24781]). Current status: Synonym of Ichthyborus besse (Joannis 1835). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

crassus, Xenocharax Pellegrin [J.] 1900:100 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 14734] Alima River at Leketi, Upper Congo [Republic of the Congo]. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1886-0384. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:41 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Xenocharax spilurus Günther 1867 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:210 [ref. 6185]). •Valid as Xenocharax crassus Pellegrin 1900 -- (Ibala Zamba et al. 2016:349 [ref. 34935], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Xenocharax crassus Pellegrin 1900. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

crocodilus, Mesoborus Pellegrin [J.] 1900:179 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 3397] Alima River at Diélé, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1886-0377. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:42 [ref. 19577], Poll 1948:80 [ref. 31166]. •Valid as Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin 1900 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:199 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:153 [ref. 24781], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[8] 707 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:341 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin 1900. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

dageti, Nannocharax Jerep [F. C.], Vari [R. P.] & Vreven [E. J.] 2014:362, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 4) [for 2013]; ref. 33246] Kando, 10°48'S, 26°13'E; Democratic Republic of the Congo. Holotype: MRAC P-88846. Paratypes: AMNH, BMNH 1972.8.4.18-27 (10), 1972.8.4.28-31 (4), CUMV, MRAC, USNM, ZSM. •Valid as Nannocharax dageti Jerep, Vari & Vreven 2014 -- (Bragança et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37879], Abwe et al. 2023:30 [ref. 39992], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:345 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax dageti Jerep, Vari & Vreven 2014. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: upper Congo River system, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

decemmaculatus, Distichodus Pellegrin [J.] 1926:160 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 13 (no. 3-4); ref. 3404] Kunungu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 19697. •Valid as Distichodus decemmaculatus Pellegrin 1926 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:187 [ref. 6185], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1708 [ref. 35459], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:335 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus decemmaculatus Pellegrin 1926. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

dimidiatus, Nannocharax Pellegrin [J.] 1904:220 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 10 (no. 5); ref. 15193] Casamance River near Kolibantan, Senegal. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1904-0055. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:40 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1904) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:208 [ref. 6185], Lévêque et al. 1989:116 [ref. 26480], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:247 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Poll & Gosse 1995:153 [ref. 24781], Dankwa et al. 1999:22 [ref. 28023], Moritz et al. 2019:141 [ref. 36792], Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1904). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western Africa to the White Nile River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

eetveldii, Eugnathichthys Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:26, Pl. 12 [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 2); ref. 4864] Kinshasa [Léopoldville]; Boma; New Antwerp; Upoto, Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.17.8-9 (2) Leopoldville; MRAC 26 (1) Boma, 121 (1) Leopoldville, 148 (1) Upoto. •Valid as Eugnathichthys eetveldii Boulenger 1898 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:193 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:153 [ref. 24781], Stiassny et al. 2013:479 [ref. 32812], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Musschoot 2024:339 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eugnathichthys eetveldii Boulenger 1898. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Paradistichodus Pellegrin [J.] 1922:72 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 47 (no. 3/4); ref. 5028] Ouham River at Bossangoa, French Congo. Syntypes: MNHN 1921-0216 to 0217 (2, apparently lost). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:40 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1904) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:208 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:247 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Paradistichodus dimidiatus (Pellegrin 1904). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatus, Monostichodus Vaillant [L. L.] in Rivière 1886:17 [La Revue scientifique: revue hebdomadaire illustrée (Revue rose), éd. par Jean Duhem. v. 38 [series 3: v. 23 (no. 1)]; ref. 17852] Africa [Ogowe or Congo River basin]. No types known. Hemistichodus vaillanti Pellegrin 1900 of authors. •Valid as Monostichodus elongatus Vaillant 1886 -- (Musschoot & Snoeks 2016:1080 [ref. 34892], Fermon et al. 2022:143 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:343 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Monostichodus elongatus Vaillant 1886. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatus, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1900:131, Pl. 48 (fig. 3) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 6); ref. 555] Upper Congo between New Antwerp and Stanley [Boyoma] Falls, Central African Republic. Syntypes: BMNH 1900.12.13.26-27 (2), MRAC 263-265 (3), 266-268 (3). •Valid as Nannocharax elongatus Boulenger 1900 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:201 [ref. 6185], Jerep et al. 2014:367 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Manda et al. 2021:327 [ref. 38403], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:345 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax elongatus Boulenger 1900. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Central African Repubic and Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

engycephalus, Distichodus Günther [A.] 1864:361 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Upper Nile River, Khartoum, Sudan. Syntypes: BMNH 1862.6.17.80-81 (2). •Valid as Distichodus engycephalus Günther 1864 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:188 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:245 [ref. 21589], Dankwa et al. 1999:22 [ref. 28023], Vari 2007:415 [ref. 30023], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Musschoot 2024:335 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus engycephalus Günther 1864. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Africa: western Africa and upper Nile basin. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Distichodus Vaillant [L. L.] in Rivière 1886:17 [La Revue scientifique: revue hebdomadaire illustrée (Revue rose), éd. par Jean Duhem. v. 38 [series 3: v. 23 (no. 1)]; ref. 17852] Not available, no distinguishing features provided; from Africa. •In the synonymy of Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis 1891 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:190 [ref. 6185]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:443 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis 1891. Distichodontidae.

fasciatus, Nannocharax Günther [A.] 1867:112 [4], Pl. 3 (fig. A) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 116) (art. 15); ref. 1989] Gabon. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.5.3.35. On p. 4 of separate. •Valid as Nannocharax fasciatus Günther 1867 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:200 [ref. 6185], Lévêque et al. 1989:116 [ref. 26480], Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:254 [ref. 21589], Paugy et al. 1990:337 [ref. 26477], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Dankwa et al. 1999:22 [ref. 28023], Vari & Ferraris 2004:561 [ref. 28020], Vari 2007:439 [ref. 30023], Dunz & Schliewen 2009:15 [ref. 30114], Moritz 2010:294 [ref. 30684], Hauber et al. 2011:81 [ref. 31428], Jerep et al. 2014:367 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Pezold et al. 2016:104 [ref. 34870] as cf. fasciatus, Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:345 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax fasciatus Günther 1867. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western and west-central Africa: Senegal to Cameroon and Lake Chad basin. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciolaris, Nannocharax Nichols [J. T.] & Boulton [R.] 1927:3, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 264; ref. 15805] Capelongo, Huila Province, Angola. Holotype: AMNH 8683. •Valid as Nannocharax fasciolaris Nichols & Boulton 1927 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:202 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:345 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax fasciolaris Nichols & Boulton 1927. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciolatus, Distichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:28, Pl. 14 [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 2); ref. 4864] Boma, Congo, about 5°50'S, 13°03'E. Lectotype: MRAC 23. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1891.12.29.22-23 (2) Stanley Pool, 1898.7.9.19 (1), 1898.11.17.13 (1) Boma, 1898.11.17.14 (1) Manyanga; MRAC 23 (1), 28 (1), 63 (1), 98 (1), 99 (1), 102 (1), 150 (1), 737 (1). Lectotype selected by Moelants et al. 2014:1724 [ref. 35459], figured on Plate 14 of original description. •Valid as Distichodus fasciolatus Boulenger 1898 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:188 [ref. 6185], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1723 [ref. 35459], Moelants et al. 2018:191 [ref. 35738], Skelton 2019:233 [ref. 36564], Abwe et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36905], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[8] 707 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Fermon et al. 2022:143 [ref. 39448] with question, Musschoot 2024:335 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus fasciolatus Boulenger 1898. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola). Habitat: freshwater.

fulica, Phago Pellegrin [J.] 1922:69 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 47 (no. 3/4); ref. 5028] Oubanghi River at Bangui, French Congo. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1921-0374. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:42 [ref. 19577], Poll 1948:80 [ref. 31166]. •Synonym of Phago intermedius Boulenger 1899 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:210 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Phago intermedius Boulenger 1899. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

geisleri, Nannaethiops Hoedeman [J. J.] 1956:260, Fig. [Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift (DATZ) v. 9 (no. 10); ref. 12198] Near Boma, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: ZMA 100053. Paratypes: ZMA 101088 (3). Type catalog: Matthes 1964:179 [ref. 19237], Nijssen et al. 1982:22 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger 1912 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:207 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:257 [ref. 21589], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger 1912. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gobioides, Nannocharax Roman [B.] 1966:78, Pl. 5 (figs. 9-10) [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 150; ref. 9061] Black Volta, 47 kilometers north of Bobo-Dioulasso, West Africa. Holotype: MRAC 141442. Paratypes: MRAC 141443 (1), 141444-46 (3), 141447-53 (7), 141454-59 (6), 141460-63 (4). •Valid as Nannocharax gobioides Roman 1966 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:202 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:345 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Nannocharax fasciatus Günther 1867 -- (Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:254 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367]). Current status: Uncertain as Nannocharax fasciatus Günther 1867. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gossei, Congocharax Poll [M.] & Lambert [J. G.] 1964:337, Fig. [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 70 (nos 3-4); ref. 9241] Lambarene-Mouila, Ogooué basin, Gabon. Holotype (unique): MRAC 142822. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:36 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Congocharax gossei Poll & Lambert 1964 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:184 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:155 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Neolebias gossei (Poll & Lambert 1964) -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Vari 2007:455 [ref. 30023], Fermon et al. 2022:145 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias gossei (Poll & Lambert 1964). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Nannocharax Poll [M.] 1939:30, Fig. 14 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér C (Zoologie: Poissons, reptiles, amphibies) (Sér. 1) v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3513] Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: MRAC 39708 (1), 39866-76 (11), 39877-919 (43), 43979 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:57 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Nannocharax gracilis Poll 1939 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:202 [ref. 6185], Bragança et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37879], Musschoot 2024:346 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax gracilis Poll 1939. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Nannocharax niloticus Daget [J.] 1954:163, Fig. 51 [Mémoires de l'Institut français d'Afrique Noire No. 36; ref. 11989] Markala, Dabola, and Bourem, Upper Niger. Syntypes: MNHN 1954-0010 (3), 1928-0235 (3), 1960-0414 (3, now 2), 1960-0415 (3), 1988-1110 [ex MNHN 1960-0414] (1). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Nannocharax gracilis Poll 1939, replaced by Nannocharax niloticus occidentalis Daget 1959. •Synonym of Nannocharax occidentalis Daget 1959 -- (Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:252 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Musschoot 2024:349 [ref. 40817]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Nannocharax occidentalis Daget 1959. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Neolebias Matthes [H.] 1964:69, Pl. 3a [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 126; ref. 2911] Boteli River, Ikela region, Congo. Holotype: MRAC 138900. Paratypes: MRAC 138901-903 (9). •Valid as Neolebias gracilis Matthes 1964 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:207 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Nannaethiops gracilis (Matthes 1964) -- (Géry & Zarske 2003:42 [ref. 27475]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias gracilis Matthes 1964. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: upper Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

hadros, Nannocharax Manda [B. K.], Snoeks [J.], Manda [A. C.] & Vreven [E. J.] 2021:319, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 30 (no. 4) IEF-1098; ref. 38403] Bridge on road Lubudi-Luena, Kalule Nord River, Upemba National Park, upper Lualaba River, Congo basin, Democratic Republic of Congo, 9°41'36"S, 25°50'52"E, elevation 790 meters. Holotype: MRAC 2016.025.P.0004. Paratypes: AMNH, BMNH, MRAC. •Valid as Nannocharax hadros Manda, Snoeks, Manda & Vreven 2021 -- (Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:346 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax hadros Manda, Snoeks, Manda & Vreven 2021. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: upper Lualaba River drainage, Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

hastatus, Nannocharax Jerep [F. C.] & Vari [R. P.] 2014:44, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2014 (no. 1); ref. 33325] Cuvette-Ouest, Likouala River drainage, small canal around island in Lékoli River, Odzala National Park, 0°37'12"N, 14°55'5.9"E, Republic of the Congo. Holotype: CUMV 89072. Paratypes: Likouala River drainage: AMNH, BMNH, CUMV, MRAC, USNM, ZSM. •Valid as Nannocharax hastatus Jerep & Vari 2014 -- (Manda et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:346 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax hastatus Jerep & Vari 2014. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Likouala River drainage, Congo River basin, Republic of the Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

hollyi, Nannocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1936:271, Fig. 21 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] Fort Sibut, Central African Republic [Ubangi-Shari]. Holotype: ANSP 65558. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:99 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Nannocharax hollyi Fowler 1936 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:202 [ref. 6185], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:346 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax hollyi Fowler 1936. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Central African Republic. Habitat: freshwater.

hutsebouti, Belonophago Giltay [L.] 1929:272, Fig. [Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 1795] Congo. Holotype: MRAC 19816. Paratypes: IRSNB 33 (1), MRAC 19817-19821 (5). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:11 [ref. 20755]. Correct spelling of species probably should have been hutsebauti since species was apparently named for the Belgian Catholic missionary Joseph Hutsebaut, which Giltay spelled Hutsebout (C. Scharpf,15 July 2012); name stands as is. •Valid as Belonophago hutsebouti Giltay 1929 -- (Daget & Gosse:1984 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:151 [ref. 24781], Musschoot 2024:333 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Belonophago hutsebouti Giltay 1929. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

hypostomatus, Distichodus Vaillant [L. L.] in Rivière 1886:17 [La Revue scientifique: revue hebdomadaire illustrée (Revue rose), éd. par Jean Duhem. v. 38 [series 3: v. 23 (no. 1)]; ref. 17852] Not available, no distinguishing features provided; from Africa. •In the synonymy of Distichodus hypostomatus Pellegrin 1900 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:189 [ref. 6185]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:443 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Distichodus hypostomatus Pellegrin 1900. Distichodontidae.

hypostomatus, Distichodus Pellegrin [J.] 1900:351 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 6 (no. 7); ref. 6253] Ogowe River at Adouma, Gabon. Syntypes: MNHN 1896-0369 to 0371 (3). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:39 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Distichodus hypostomatus Pellegrin 1900 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:189 [ref. 6185], Vari 2007:419 [ref. 30023], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Fermon et al. 2022:143 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:336 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus hypostomatus Pellegrin 1900. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Ntem, Ogowe, Nyanga and Kouilou rivers (Gabon). Habitat: freshwater.

ingae, Distichodus Moelants [T.] & Snoeks [J.] in Moelants, Snoeks & Vreven 2018:189, Figs. 5a,b, 11 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 35738] Congo River near Inga, a few km upstream and on the opposite side of river from Inga hydroelectric dam, Democratic Republic of Congo, 5°27'30"S, 13°36"00"E. Holotype: MCZ 50439. Paratype: MRAC. •Valid as Distichodus ingae Moelants & Snoeks 2018 -- (Abwe et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36905], Musschoot 2024:336 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus ingae Moelants & Snoeks 2018. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Africa: lower Congo basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Eugnathichthys Pappenheim [P.] in Pappenheim & Boulenger 1914:234, Pl. 4 (fig. 5) [Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral-Afrika Expedition, 1907-1908 v. 5 (Zool. 3); ref. 18518] Aruwimi River, Basoko, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): ZMB 19043. Type catalog: Zarske 2011:84 [ref. 31375]. •Synonym of Eugnathichthys eetveldii Boulenger 1898 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:193 [ref. 6185], Zarske 2011:84 [ref. 31375], Musschoot 2024:340 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eugnathichthys eetveldii Boulenger 1898. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1903:437 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 70) (art. 42); ref. 15018] Kribi River, southern Cameroon. Syntypes: BMNH 1903.7.28.144-147 (4). •Valid as Nannocharax intermedius Boulenger 1903 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:202 [ref. 6185], Vari & Ferraris 2004:561 [ref. 28020], Vari 2007:441 [ref. 30023], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Fermon et al. 2022:144 [ref. 39448], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:346 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax intermedius Boulenger 1903. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon south to Gabon and middle Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Phago Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:77, Pl. 34 (fig. 3) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 4); ref. 549] Kinshasa [Leopoldville], Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 123. •Valid as Phago intermedius Boulenger 1899 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:210 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Phago intermedius Boulenger 1899. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

kasaiensis, Distichodus Vreven [E. J.], Moelants [T.] & Snoeks [J.] in Moelants, Snoeks & Vreven 2018:187, Figs. 9-10 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 28 (no. 2); ref. 35738] Lukoshi River above and below rapids of Mukanda or Kamakamaka, Lulua subbasin, approximately 14.5 km in a straight line SSW of Kasaji, Democratic Republic of Congo, 10°30'44"S, 23°23'08"E. Holotype: MRAC B2-030-P-1389. Paratypes: AMNH, MCZ, MRAC, ZSM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Distichodus kasaiensis Vreven, Moelants & Snoeks 2018 -- (Abwe et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36905], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Musschoot 2024:336 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus kasaiensis Vreven, Moelants & Snoeks 2018. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

katangae, Microstomatichthyoborus David [L.] & Poll [M.] 1937:212, Fig. 10 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 3 (fasc. 5); ref. 1043] Nionga, Katanga, Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 23159-68 (one of 10 inside tube). Paratypes: (189) MRAC 23159-68 (9), 23169-78 (10) + more. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:56 [ref. 21528]. See for comments on the types: Musschoot 2024:342 [ref. 40817]. •Valid as Microstomatichthyoborus katangae David & Poll 1937 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:199 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:155 [ref. 24781], Musschoot 2024:342 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Microstomatichthyoborus katangae David & Poll 1937. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: upper Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

kerguennae, Neolebias Daget [J.] 1980:33, Fig. 1 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 8726] Creek, 29 kilometers east of Libreville, Gabon. Holotype: MNHN 1980-1299. Paratypes: MNHN 1980-1300 to 1303 (8, 1, 3, 3). •Valid as Neolebias kerguennae Daget 1980 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:207 [ref. 6185], Vari 2007:455 [ref. 30023], Fermon et al. 2022:145 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias kerguennae Daget 1980. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

kolleri, Distichodus Holly [M.] 1926:158 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 63 (no. 18) (for 14 Oct.); ref. 15791] Mbam River, Sanaga River basin, Cameroon. Syntypes: NMW 7167 (1), 7168-72 (5). Type catalog: Bogutskaya et al. 2022:45 [ref. 39277]. •Valid as Distichodus kolleri Holly 1926 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:189 [ref. 6185], Vari 2007:421 [ref. 30023], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Musschoot 2024:336 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus kolleri Holly 1926. Distichodontidae. Distribution: West Africa: Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

landgrafi, Neolebias Ahl [E.] 1928:206 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 78 (nos 9/10); ref. 15832] Cameroon. Syntypes: ZMB 31686-87 (2, 5). Type catalog: Zarske 2011:80 [ref. 31375]. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:91 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger 1912 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:206 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:257 [ref. 21589], Zarske 2011:80 [ref. 31375], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Neolebias ansorgii Boulenger 1912. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

langi, Distichodus Nichols [J. T.] & Griscom [L.] 1917:687, Pl. 69 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 37 (art. 25); ref. 3185] Faradje, Orientale Province, Rep. of Congo. Holotype: AMNH 5915. Paratypes: AMNH 7010 (1). •Possible synonym of Distichodus antonii Schilthuis 1891 -- (Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866]). •Valid as Distichodus langi Nichols & Griscom 1917 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:189 [ref. 6185], Moelants et al. 2014:1726 [ref. 35459], Moelants et al. 2018:191 [ref. 35738], Abwe et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36905], Musschoot 2024:336 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus langi Nichols & Griscom 1917. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

lateralis, Nannocharax niloticus var. Werner [F.] 1906:1130, Pl. 3 (figs. 11, 11a) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 115 (Abt. 1) (no. 7); ref. 17834] Mongalla, Nile River basin [South Sudan]. •Synonym of Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis 1835) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:203 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:348 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis 1835). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

latifasciatus, Nannocharax Coenen [E. J.] & Teugels [G. G.] 1989:312, Fig. 1 [Cybium v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 13539] An affluent of New Calabar River, 3 kilometers south of Isiokpo (4°57'N, 6°53'E), Nigeria. Holotype: MRAC 88-12-P-1. Paratypes: MRAC 87-21-P-9 (1), 87-24-P-85-86 (2), 88-12-P-2-5 (4), 88-12-P-6-10 (5), 88-12-P-11 (1, c&s), 88-12-P-12 (1, c&s), 88-12-P-13-14 (2), 88-37-P-51-70 (20), 88-37-P-71-74 (4). •Valid as Nannocharax latifasciatus Coenen & Teugels 1989 -- (Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:251 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Vari 2007:443 [ref. 30023], Moritz 2010:289 [ref. 30684], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Fermon et al. 2022:144 [ref. 39448] with question, Musschoot 2024:346 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax latifasciatus Coenen & Teugels 1989. Distichodontidae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Nigeria south to Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

leptorhynchus, Distichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1897:425 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 50); ref. 14629] Stanley [Boyoma] Falls, upper Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1897.9.30.17. •Synonym of Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis 1891 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:190 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:337 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis 1891. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

lineomaculatus, Nannocharax Blache [J.] & Miton [F.] 1960:105 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 32 (no. 1); ref. 20673] Gamsaye (Logone Inf.), Lake Chad basin. Syntypes: MNHN 1959-0230 (6, as "types"); as "paratypes": CEPFL 716-723 (8), 1369-81 (13). Type catalog: Blanc 1961:263 [ref. 20870]. •Valid as Nannocharax lineomaculatus Blache & Miton 1960 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:202 [ref. 6185], Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:252 [ref. 21589], Moritz 2010:294 [ref. 30684], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Musschoot 2024:346 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax lineomaculatus Blache & Miton 1960. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Logone River drainage, Republic of Chad and Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

lineostriatus, Hemigrammocharax Poll [M.] 1967:123, Fig. 52 [Publicações Culturais, Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG), Lisboa No. 75; ref. 3528] Alto Cuílo, pool along bank of Cuílo River, Angola. Holotype: MD 5342. Paratypes: MD 5342 (5), 5358 (11); MRAC 159942-44 [ex MD] (3), 159945-49 [ex MD] (5). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:46 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Hemigrammocharax lineostriatus Poll 1967 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:194 [ref. 6185], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax lineostriatus (Poll 1967) -- (Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246] Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Bragança et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37879] as cf. lineostriatus, Manda et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:346 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax lineostriatus (Poll 1967). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

lootensi, Hemistichodus Poll [M.] & Daget [J.] 1968:1060 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 39 (no. 6) (1967); ref. 19578] Nkombo, Coquilhatville, Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 78571. Paratypes: MNHN 1967-0587 (1); MRAC 118980 (1), 138639 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:47 [ref. 21528]. First published with illustration, but no description, in Poll 1957:97 (fig. 134-135). MRAC 118980 is also a paratype of Monostichodus mesmaekersi (Poll 1959). •Valid as Hemistichodus lootensi Poll & Daget 1968 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:196 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:149 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Monostichodus lootensi (Poll & Daget 1968) -- (Musschoot & Snoeks 2016:1081 [ref. 34892], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:343 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Monostichodus lootensi (Poll & Daget 1968). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

loricatus, Phago Günther [A.] 1865:210 [2], Pl. 5 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 15 (no. 86); ref. 1981] Niger, West Africa [Western coast of Africa]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1865.1.20.15. On p. 2 of separate. •Valid as Phago loricatus Günther 1865 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:209 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:238 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Vari 2007:461 [ref. 30023], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Phago loricatus Günther 1865. Distichodontidae. Distribution: West-central Africa: Benin to Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

lozii, Neolebias Winemiller [K. O.] & Kelso-Winemiller [L. C.] 1993:112, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1993 (no. 1); ref. 20310] Kataba Creek, Upper Zambezi drainage, at Mongu-Senanga highway, West Province, Zambia, 15°30'30"S, 23°16'00"E. Holotype: USNM 320688 [ex TNHC 18328]. Paratypes: MRAC 92-45-P-1 (1), USNM 320687 (1), TNHC 17558 (4). •Valid as Neolebias lozii Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller 1993 -- (Skelton 2001:370 [ref. 27406], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias lozii Winemiller & Kelso-Winemiller 1993. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Africa: Zambia. Habitat: freshwater.

luapulae, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1915:164 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 4 (fasc. 2); ref. 15086] Luapula River at Kasenga City, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 12125. •Valid as Nannocharax luapulae Boulenger 1915 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:202 [ref. 6185], Kullander & Roberts 2012:366 [ref. 31751], Manda et al. 2021:327 [ref. 38403], Manda et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:347 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax luapulae Boulenger 1915. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Luapula-Moero basin, Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia. Habitat: freshwater.

lusosso, Distichodus Schilthuis [L.] 1891:90 [Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, Ser. 2 v. 3; ref. 3925] Bayari-sea, Democratic Republic of Congo [possibly Boma, lower Congo or Stanley Pool]. Syntypes: BMNH 1891.12.29.13 (1) lower Congo, 1899.9.6.11 (1) Stanley Pool. Non-types: BMNH 1898.11.17.18-19 (2). See for a discussion of the syntypes: Musschoot 2024:336 [ref. 40817]. •Valid as Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis 1891 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:189 [ref. 6185], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1714 [ref. 35459], Moelants et al. 2018:191 [ref. 35738], Skelton 2019:233 [ref. 36564], Abwe et al. 2019:92 [ref. 36905], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:143 [ref. 39448] with question, Musschoot 2024:336 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus lusosso Schilthuis 1891. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

machadoi, Hemigrammocharax Poll [M.] 1967:125, Fig. 53 [Publicações Culturais, Companhia de Diamantes de Angola (DIAMANG), Lisboa No. 75; ref. 3528] Nharicumbi village, Longa River, tributary of Luena River, Angola. Holotype: MD 5579. Paratypes: MD 5579 (7), MRAC 159969-72 [ex MD] (4). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:46 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Hemigrammocharax machadoi Poll 1967 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:194 [ref. 6185], Skelton 1993:196 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:196 [ref. 27406] from key, Marshall 2011:126 [ref. 31755], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax machadoi (Poll 1967) -- (Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Bruton et al. 2018:54 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Bragança et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37879], Musschoot 2024:347 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax machadoi (Poll 1967). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southern Africa: Zambezi River basin, Zambia and Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

macrolepis, Distichodus Günther [A.] 1864:362 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Shire River near Island of Dakanamois, eastern Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1864.1.9.62 (skin). •Synonym of Distichodus mossambicus Peters 1852 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:190 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:337 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus mossambicus Peters 1852. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

macropterus, Nannocharax Pellegrin [J.] 1926:163 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 13 (no. 3-4); ref. 3404] Mongende, Luebo, Kamaiembi and Tschikapa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: (10) MNHN 1925-0313 to 0315 [ex MRAC] (3 or 4); MRAC 19698 (2), 19703 (1), 19715 (1), 19616-17 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:41 [ref. 19577]. See for comments on the types: Musschoot 2024:347 [ref. 40817]. •Valid as Nannocharax macropterus Pellegrin 1926 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:203 [ref. 6185], Skelton 1993:198 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:198 [ref. 27406], Marshall 2011:128 [ref. 31755], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Bruton et al. 2018:56 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Bragança et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37879], Manda et al. 2021:327 [ref. 38403], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:347 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax macropterus Pellegrin 1926. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

macroterolepis, Eugnathichthys Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:75, Pl. 34 (fig. 1) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 4); ref. 549] Chiloango, Angola [Loange River, Belgian Congo]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1899.6.28.16. •Valid as Eugnathichthys macroterolepis Boulenger 1899 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:193 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:153 [ref. 24781], Vari 2007:425 [ref. 30023], Stiassny et al. 2013:479 [ref. 32812], Skelton 2019:226 [ref. 36564]. Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[8] 707 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Musschoot 2024:340 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eugnathichthys macroterolepis Boulenger 1899. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western central Africa: Gabon and Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

maculata, Nannocharax parvus var. Pellegrin [J.] 1924:285 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 49 (no. 3/5); ref. 15463] Niari River, Gabon. Syntypes: MNHN 1924-0049 to 0051 (3). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:41 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Nannocharax parvus Pellegrin 1906 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:204 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:349 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Nannocharax parvus Pellegrin 1906. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Distichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:27, Pl. 13 (fig. 1) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 2); ref. 4864] Manyanga, Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 86. •Valid as Distichodus maculatus Boulenger 1898 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:190 [ref. 6185], De Vos et al. 2001:130 [ref. 26059], De Vos et al. 2001:131 [ref. 26059], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866] as maculates, Moelants et al. 2014:1714 [ref. 35459], Moelants et al. 2018:191 [ref. 35738], Skelton 2019:233 [ref. 36564], Abwe et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36905], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Abwe et al. 2023:30 [ref. 39992], Bigirimana et al. 2024:34 [ref. 41336], Musschoot 2024:337 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus maculatus Boulenger 1898. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo); Lake Tanganyika basin (Burundi). Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Phago Ahl [E.] 1922:23 [1], Fig. [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 33 (no. 2); ref. 19925] Lower Niger. Holotype: ZMB 20558. Paratypes: ZMH H1801 (2). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013], Zarske 2011:84 [ref. 31375]. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:91 [ref. 21847]. On p. 1 of separate. Also described as new in Ahl 1923:184 [ref. 15393]. •Valid as Phago maculatus Ahl 1922 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:210 [ref. 6185]). •Synonym of Phago loricatus Günther 1865 -- (Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:238 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Zarske 2011:84 [ref. 31375], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Phago loricatus Günther 1865. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculicauda, Nannocharax Vari [R. P.] & Géry [J.] 1981:1076, Figs. 1-4 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 94 (no. 4); ref. 8406] Side arm of upper Ivindo River opposite Bourassié, at the juncture of the Djouah River and Karouga River, 1°20'N, 13°12'E, Gabon. Holotype: MNHN 1981-0608. Paratypes: BMNH 1981.3.30.1 (1); Géry coll (2); MNHN 1981-0609 (1); USNM 224524 (3, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:31 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Nannocharax maculicauda Vari & Géry 1981 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:203 [ref. 6185], Vari & Ferraris 2004:561 [ref. 28020], Vari 2007:445 [ref. 30023], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Fermon et al. 2022:144 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:347 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax maculicauda Vari & Géry 1981. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon south to Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

martini, Distichodus Steindachner [F.] 1870:549 [17], Pl. 3 (figs. 2-2a) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 61 (1. Abth.); ref. 18768] Dagana and Podor, Senegal, western Africa. Syntypes: (several) NMW 68683 (9), 77251 (6). On p. 17 of separate. •Synonym of Distichodus rostratus Günther 1864 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:192 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:245 [ref. 21589], Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus rostratus Günther 1864. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

mbiniensis, Distichodus Schmidt [R. C.], Knobloch [E. C.] & Barrientos [C.] 2021:305, Figs. 7, 8B, 9B, 9D [Zootaxa 4952 (no. 2); ref. 38247] Rio Ntoro at Aconibe - Acurenam road, Wele-Nzas, Equatorial Guinea, 1.29091°N, 10.9174°E, elevation 668 meters. Holotype: USNM 451325. Paratypes: MRAC, USNM. •Valid as Distichodus mbiniensis Schmidt, Knobloch & Barrientos 2021 -- (Musschoot 2024:337 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus mbiniensis Schmidt, Knobloch & Barrientos 2021. Distichodontidae. Distribution: West Central Africa: upper Mbini River [Rio Wele] drainage, Equatorial Guinea (and possibly Gabon). Habitat: freshwater.

mesmaekersi, Hemistichodus Poll [M.] 1959:85, Pl. 16 (fig. 2A) [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge v. 71 (art. 3); ref. 3522] Noire River, Stanley Pool channel, Congo River,Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 118973. Paratypes: MRAC 73963 (1), 98670-71 (1, 1), 100760 (1), 118974-78 (5), 11979-80 (2). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:47 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Hemistichodus mesmaekersi Poll 1959 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:196 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:149 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Monostichodus mesmaekersi (Poll 1959) -- (Musschoot & Snoeks 2016:1081 [ref. 34892], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:343 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Monostichodus mesmaekersi (Poll 1959). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

microlepis, Ichthyborus Günther [A.] 1864:363 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Upper Nile River, Khartoum, Sudan. Syntypes: BMNH 1863.3.9.22-23 (2). •Synonym of Ichthyborus besse (Joannis 1835) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:197 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:241 [ref. 21589]). Current status: Synonym of Ichthyborus besse (Joannis 1835). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

microps, Distichodus Schmidt [R. C.], Knobloch [E. C.] & Barrientos [C.] 2021:301, Figs. 5, 8A, 9A [Zootaxa 4952 (no. 2); ref. 38247] Rio Mbia at Menzong, Litoral, Equatorial Guinea, 2.07529°N, 9.92378°E, elevation 32 meters. Holotype: USNM 451325. Paratypes: MRAC, USNM. •Valid as Distichodus microps Schmidt, Knobloch & Barrientos 2021 -- (Musschoot 2024:337 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus microps Schmidt, Knobloch & Barrientos 2021. Distichodontidae. Distribution: West Central Africa: Mbia River drainage, Equatorial Guinea (and possibly in the lower Ntem drainage, southern Cameroon). Habitat: freshwater.

micros, Nannocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1936:268, Fig. 19 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] 30 kilometers east of Kribi, Cameroon. Holotype: ANSP 65556 (with paratype). Paratype: ANSP 65557 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:99 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Nannocharax micros Fowler 1936 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:203 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:347 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax micros Fowler 1936. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

minutus, Nannocharax Worthington [E. B.] 1933:40 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 12 (no. 67) (art. 3); ref. 16533] Swamp near Luombo River, Luapulu River system, central Africa [Northern Rhodesia], elevation 3900 feet. Syntypes: BMNH 1932.12.16.45-54 (10). •Valid as Hemigrammocharax minutus (Worthington 1933) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:195 [ref. 6185], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax minutus Wortherington 1933 -- (Bragança et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37879], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:347 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax minutus Worthington 1933. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Luapula River drainage, Congo basin, Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia. Habitat: freshwater.

monardi, Hemigrammocharax Pellegrin [J.] 1936:49 [Arquivos do Museu Bocage No. 7; ref. 13733] Kukulakazé River, tributary to Kului and Cubango, à vila da Ponte, Angola. Syntypes: MNHN 1936-0073 (2, apparently lost). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:42 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Hemigrammocharax monardi Pellegrin 1936 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:195 [ref. 6185], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax monardi (Pellegrin 1936) -- (Musschoot 2024:348 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax monardi (Pellegrin 1936). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southwestern Africa: Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

monodi, Gavialocharax Pellegrin [J.] 1927:391 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 51 (no. 5) [for 1926]; ref. 3405] Pool at Yabassi, fed by Wuti River, 60 kilometers from the sea, Cameroon. Syntypes: MNHN 1926-0289 to 0291 (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:41 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Gavialocharax monodi Pellegrin 1927 -- (Poll & Gosse 1995:149 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Ichthyborus monodi (Pellegrin 1927) -- (Vari 1979:335 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:198 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:242 [ref. 21589], Vari 2007:433 [ref. 30023]). Current status: Valid as Ichthyborus monodi (Pellegrin 1927). Distichodontidae. Distribution: West Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

mossambicus, Distichodus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852:275 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1852; ref. 18539] Zambezi River [Sambesi], at Tette, Mozambique. Syntypes: ZMB 3564 (1), 6613 (1). Type catalog: Zarske 2011:73 [ref. 31375]. Also in Peters 1868:71, Pl. 13 (fig. 1) [ref. 3440]. •Valid as Distichodus mossambicus Peters 1852 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:190 [ref. 6185], Skelton 1993:194 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:194 [ref. 27406], Zarske 2011:73 [ref. 31375], Marshall 2011:123 [ref. 31755], Moelants et al. 2014:1731 [ref. 35459], Moelants et al. 2018:191 [ref. 35738], Musschoot 2024:337 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus mossambicus Peters 1852. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southeastern Africa: Zambezi River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

multifasciatus, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1923:437 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 13 (pt 7, no. 13); ref. 15397] Zambezi River, Sesheke, Zambia. Holotype (unique): SAM 14844 [now at AMG]. •Valid as Hemigrammocharax multifasciatus (Boulenger 1923) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:195 [ref. 6185], Skelton 1993:197 [ref. 24071], Skelton 2001:197 [ref. 27406], Marshall 2011:127 [ref. 31755], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax multifasciatus Boulenger 1923 -- (Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Bruton et al. 2018:56 [ref. 36373], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Bragança et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37879], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:348 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax multifasciatus Boulenger 1923. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southern Africa: Zambia, Botswana and Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

nefasch, Characinus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:270, 274 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Nile River. No types known. Valenciennes 1850 specimens: MNHN A-8603 and 9878 (2, dry), MNHN A-9587 (1) and A-9588 (4), A-7929 (1), A-9879 to A-9881 (1, 1, 1, 1), A-8602 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:38-39 [ref. 19577] but in error. •Objective synonym of Salmo nefasch Bonnaterre 1788. •Synonym of Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

nefasch, Salmo Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Forsskål) 1788:169 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Nile River, Egypt. No types known. Based on vernacular, misidentified as Salmo niloticus (non Linnaeus 1758) in Forsskål 1775:xiii, 66 [ref. 1351] (see Fricke 2008: 17[ref. 30182]). Appeared as "Le Néfasch 46. S. Nefasch..." We regard this as available, with the "S." traced back to Salmo on p. 158 and agreeing with the style of the work. Also described by Lacepède 1803 as Characinus nefasch. •Valid as Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Fricke 2008:17 [ref. 30182], Neumann et al. 2016:305 [ref. 35036], Akoth et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40069], Musschoot 2024:337 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Northeast Africa: Nile River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

niloticus, Coregonus Joannis [L. de] 1835:no page number, Pl. 7 [Magasin de Zoologie 1835 (5 anneé); ref. 2355] Thebes, Egypt. Type lost. •Valid as Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis 1835) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:203 [ref. 6185], Jerep et al. 2014:268 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Neumann et al. 2016:305 [ref. 35036], Akoth et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40069], Musschoot 2024:348 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis 1835). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Northeastern Africa: Nile River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

niloticus, Salmo Hasselquist [F.] 1762:422 [Reise nach Palästina; ref. 18250] Nile River, near Cairo, Egypt. Syntypes: NRM 79 (3). Type catalog and nomenclatural comments: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:213-214 [ref. 20707]. Not available, published in a rejected work (ICZN Opinion 57). Also not an independent species description, but a misidentification of Salmo niloticus Linnaeus 1758. Original spelling 'niloticys' dut to historical typeset, equals niloticus'. Based on Salmo niloticus Hasselquist 1757:338 [ref. 30182], also a rejected work (ICZ Opinion 57). Also seen as Linnaeus in Hasselquist. •Treated as valid as Distichodus niloticus (Hasselquist 1762) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:185 [ref. 6185], Seegers et al. 2003:35 [ref. 28087]). •In the synonymy of Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Fricke 2008:17 [ref. 30182]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788). Distichodontidae.

noboli, Distichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:81, Pl. 35 (fig. 2) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 4); ref. 549] Lake Leopold II, Kutu, Upper Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 735. •Valid as Distichodus noboli Boulenger 1899 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:190 [ref. 6185], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1707 [ref. 35459], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Fermon et al. 2022:143 [ref. 39448] with question, Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus noboli Boulenger 1899. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

notospilus, Distichodus Günther [A.] 1867:114 [6] [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 116) (art. 15); ref. 1989] Gabon. Syntypes: BMNH 1867.5.3.33-35 (3). •Valid as Distichodus notospilus Günther 1867 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:191 [ref. 6185], Vari 2007:423 [ref. 30023], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1708 [ref. 35459], Skelton 2019:226 [ref. 36564], Schmidt et al. 2021:309 [ref. 38247], Fermon et al. 2022:143 [ref. 39448], Walsh et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39281], Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus notospilus Günther 1867. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Ogooué and Ntem River basins, Lower Guinea (Cameroon, Republic of Congo, Gabon); lower and middle Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

occidentalis, Nannocharax niloticus Daget [J.] 1959:669 [Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire (Sér A) Sciences Naturelles v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 11987] Markala, Dabola, and Bourem, Upper Niger. Syntypes: MNHN 1954-0010 (3), 1928-0235 (3), 1960-0414 (3, now 2), 1960-0415 (3), 1988-1110 [ex MNHN 1960-0414] (1) Type catalog: Blanc 1961:263-264 [ref. 20870]. Replacement name for Nannocharax niloticus gracilis Daget 1954, preoccupied by Nannocharax gracilis Poll 1939. •Valid as Nannocharax occidentalis Daget 1959 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:204 [ref. 6185], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Moritz 2010:294 [ref. 30684], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Musschoot 2024:348 [ref. 40817]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Nannocharax occidentalis Daget 1959. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western Africa: Mali, Guinea to Central African Republic. Habitat: freshwater.

ocellicauda, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1907:485 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 20 (no. 120) (art. 66); ref. 15138] Ja River, southern Cameroon. Syntypes: BMNH 1908.5.30.121-122 (2). •Valid as Hemigrammocharax ocellicauda (Boulenger 1907) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:194 [ref. 6185], Vari 2007:427 [ref. 30023], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax ocellicauda Boulenger 1907 -- (Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Fermon et al. 2022:144 [ref. 39448], Manda et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:349 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax ocellicauda Boulenger 1907. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon south to Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

ogoensis, Nannocharax Pellegrin [J.] 1911:180 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 36 (no. 4/6); ref. 14801] Ogowe River at Franceville, Gabon. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1886-0397. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:41 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Nannocharax ogoensis Pellegrin 1911 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:204 [ref. 6185], Fermon et al. 2022:145 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:349 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax ogoensis Pellegrin 1911. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Ogowe River (Gabon) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

olbrechtsi, Hemigrammocharax Poll [M.] 1954:59, Fig. 3 [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1; ref. 12662] Yangambi, Lusambila River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MRAC 77451. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:46 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Neolebias olbrechtsi (Poll 1954) -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490]). •Valid as Congocharax olbrechtsi (Poll 1954) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:185 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:155 [ref. 24781], Musschoot 2024:334 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Congocharax olbrechtsi (Poll 1954). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: upper Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

ornatus, Neoborus Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:78, Pl. 34 (fig. 4) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 4); ref. 549] Lake Tumba, Bikoro Kutu, and Lake Leopold II, Kutu, Upper Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.9.26.85 (1) Kutu, MRAC 712-715 (1, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Phagoborus ornatus (Boulenger 1899) -- (Poll & Gosse 1995:151 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Ichthyborus ornatus (Boulenger 1899) -- (Vari 1979:335 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:198 [ref. 6185], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:341 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ichthyborus ornatus (Boulenger 1899). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

parvus, Nannocharax Pellegrin [J.] 1906:469 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 12 (no. 7); ref. 15682] Ogowe River at Ngomo, Gabon. Syntypes: BMNH 1907.4.27.2 [ex MNHN] (1), MNHN 1906-0194 (4). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:40 [ref. 19577], Poll 1948:80 [ref. 31166]. •Valid as Nannocharax parvus Pellegrin 1906 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:204 [ref. 6185], Vari & Ferraris 2004:561 [ref. 28020], Vari 2007:445 [ref. 30023], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Skelton 2019:226 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:145 [ref. 39448], Walsh et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39281], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:349 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax parvus Pellegrin 1906. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Gabon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

pellegrini, Champsoborus Boulenger [G. A.] 1909:187 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 4 (no. 21); ref. 576] Bumba River at Assobam, southern Cameroon, and Ubanghi River, central Africa. Syntypes: BMNH 1909.7.9.47-48 (2), MRAC 1301 (1) Banzyville, Ubangi River. •Synonym of Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin 1900 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:199 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:342 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mesoborus crocodilus Pellegrin 1900. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

petersii, Distichodus Pfeffer [G. J.] 1896:41 [Die Thierwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbargebiete v. 3; ref. 14617] Kingani River, Tanzania. Syntypes: BMNH 1908.1.27.3 (1), ZMH H473 [ex 6968], ZMB 13677 (4). Type catalog: Ladiges et al. 1958:157 [ref. 19181] and Wilkens & Dohse 1993:402 [ref. 21161] with ZMH as holotype, Zarske 2011:73 [ref. 31375]. •Valid as Distichodus petersii Pfeffer 1896 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:191 [ref. 6185], Zarske 2011:73 [ref. 31375], Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus petersii Pfeffer 1896. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southeast Africa: coastal rivers, Tanzania. Habitat: freshwater.

philippei, Neolebias Poll [M.] & Gosse [J.-P.] 1963:30, Pls. 1 (fig. 4), 2 (fig. 2) [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 116; ref. 5137] Boende, Tshuapa River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC 98971. Paratypes: MRAC 98972-74 (3), 139805-95 (91), 139896-969 (74). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:58 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Neolebias philippei Poll & Gosse 1963 -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:207 [ref. 6185], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias philippei Poll & Gosse 1963. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

polli, Distichodus Abwe [E.], Snoeks [J.], Manda [A. C.] & Vreven [E. J.] 2019:86, Figs. 4c, 5, 6a [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 29 (no. 1) IEF-1067; ref. 36905] Bushimaie River, Lula, Kasai basin, Kasaï-Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, 7°20'S, 23°08'E. Holotype: MRAC P-153493. Paratypes: AMNH, BMNH, MRAC, ZSM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Distichodus polli Abwe, Snoeks, Manda & Vreven 2019 -- (Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus polli Abwe, Snoeks, Manda & Vreven 2019. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: southern tributaries of middle and upper Congo basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

polli, Hemigrammocharax Roman [B.] 1966:81, Pl. 6 (fig. 12) [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 150; ref. 9061] Kou River, tributary of the Black Volta River, 30 kilometers north of Bobo-Dioulasso, West Africa. Holotype: MRAC 141464. Paratypes: MRAC 141465-67 (3), 141468-70 (3), 153223-40 (18), 153247-56 (10). •Valid as Hemigrammocharax polli Roman 1966 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:195 [ref. 6185]). •Synonym of Hemigrammocharax ansorgii (Boulenger 1911) -- (Coenen & Teugels 1989:317 [ref. 13539]). •Synonym of Nannocharax ansorgii Boulenger 1911 -- (Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:250 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Musschoot 2024:345 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Nannocharax ansorgii Boulenger 1911. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

powelli, Neolebias Teugels [G. G.] & Roberts [T. R.] 1990:61, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of African Zoology v. 104; ref. 13760] Sombreiro River, Niger Delta, at Rumuekpe, 4°57'N, 6°40'E, Nigeria. Holotype: MRAC 87-24-P-135. Paratypes: BMNH [ex MNHN 1988-1148] 1988.12.8.1-25 (25); CAS [ex MNHN 1988-1148] (50); IRSNB 781 [ex MNHN 1988-1148] (25); MHNG [ex MNHN 1988-1148] (50); MNHN 1988-0008 and 0009 (1, 1), 1988-1147 to 1149 (orig. 119, 71, 73); MRAC 87-24-P-136-139 (4), 88-09-P-1-3 (3), 88-09-P-4-9 (6), 88-09-P-10-11 (2), 88-35-P-1-4 (4), 88-35-P-5-6 (1, 1), 88-37-P-1-50 [ex MNHN 1988-1147] (50, 20 c&s); USNM 301201 [ex MNHN 1988-1148] (25); ZSM 26828 [ex MNHN 1988-1148] (50). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:32 [ref. 19022], Neumann 2011:254 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Neolebias powelli Teugels & Roberts 1990 -- (Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:259 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias powelli Teugels & Roberts 1990. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western Africa: Niger Delta, Niger Delta ecoregion endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

procatopus, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1920:20, Fig. 9 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 2 (fasc. 4); ref. 587] Bosabangi and Poko, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1919.9.10.177 (1), 1919.9.10.178 (1); MRAC 7156-57 (2), 7165 (1). •Valid as Nannocharax procatopus Boulenger 1920 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:204 [ref. 6185], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:48 [ref. 33325], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Manda et al. 2021:327 [ref. 38403], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:349 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax procatopus Boulenger 1920. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Nile River basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. Habitat: freshwater.

pteron, Nannocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1936:272, Fig. 22 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] Fort Sibut, Central African Republic [Ubangi-Shari]. Holotype (unique): ANSP 65560. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:88 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Nannocharax pteron Fowler 1936 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:204 [ref. 6185], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:349 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax pteron Fowler 1936. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Ubangi-Shari and upper Congo River basin, Central African Republic. Habitat: freshwater.

quadrilineatus, Neoborus Pellegrin [J.] 1904:219 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 10 (no. 5); ref. 15193] Casamance River, near Kobbanan, Senegal. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1904-0054. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:42-43 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Phagoborus quadrilineatus (Pellegrin 1904) -- (Poll & Gosse 1995:151 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Ichthyborus quadrilineatus (Pellegrin 1904) -- (Vari 1979:335 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:198 [ref. 6185], Lévêque et al. 1989:116 [ref. 26480], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:241 [ref. 21589], Paugy et al. 1990:337 [ref. 26477], Musschoot 2024:341 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ichthyborus quadrilineatus (Pellegrin 1904). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western Africa: Senegal and Guinea-Bissau. Habitat: freshwater.

reidi, Nannocharax Vari [R. P.] & Ferraris [C. J., Jr.] 2004:552, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 117 (no. 4); ref. 28020] On Basep River at junction with Munaya River, 5°49'30"N, 9°03'30"E, Cross River system, Cameroon. Holotype: USNM 304046. Paratypes: AMNH 233622 (2), MRAC A3-47-P-1-2 (2), USNM 375193 (16, 2 c&s). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Nannocharax reidi Vari & Ferraris 2004 -- (Vari 2007:447 [ref. 30023], Moritz 2010:289 [ref. 30684], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Musschoot 2024:350 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax reidi Vari & Ferraris 2004. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

rostratus, Distichodus Günther [A.] 1864:360 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Nile River and West Africa. Syntypes: BMNH uncat. (stuffed, apparently lost) West Africa, BMNH 1861.9.9.25 (1) Lower Nile. •Valid as Distichodus rostratus Günther 1864 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:191 [ref. 6185], Paugy & Bénech 1989:300 [ref. 26478], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:245 [ref. 21589], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Dankwa et al. 1999:22 [ref. 28023], Vari 2007:423 [ref. 30023], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Neumann et al. 2016:305 [ref. 35036], Akoth et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40069], Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus rostratus Günther 1864. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western Africa and Nile River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

rostratus, Paraphago Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:76, Pl. 34 (fig. 2) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 4); ref. 549] Lake Leopold II, Kutu, Upper Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.9.26.81 (1), MRAC 716-717 (1, 1). •Valid as Paraphago rostratus Boulenger 1899 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:209 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:153 [ref. 24781], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Paraphago rostratus Boulenger 1899. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: middle Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

rubensteini, Hemigrammocharax Jerep [F. C.] & Vari [R. P.] 2013:31, Figs. 1-3 [Copeia 2013 (no. 1); ref. 32557] Likouala River drainage, Lékoli River at Mboko dock, Odzala National Park, 0°37'03"N, 14°54'27"E, Cuvette-Ouest, Republic of the Congo. Holotype: CUMV 89502. Paratypes: AMNH 255311 (2), 255311 (2); CUMV 97248 (8, 2 c&s); MRAC B2-05-P-1-2 (2); USNM 405306 (2), and more at CUMV. •Valid as Nannocharax rubensteini Jerep & Vari 2013 -- (Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Manda et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:350 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax rubensteini (Jerep & Vari 2013). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Likoula River drainage, Congo River Basin, Republic of the Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

rubrolabiatus, Nannocharax Van den Bergh [E. C.], Teugels [G. G.], Coenen [E. J.] & Ollevier [F.] 1995:350, Figs. 2-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 21947] Noun River, affluent of Mbam River, Sanaga River basin, at the bridge on road from Bafoussam to Foumbot, 5°29'N, 10°31'E, Cameroon. Holotype: MRAC 94-74-P-1. Paratypes: MRAC 94-74-P-2-9 (8). •Valid as Nannocharax rubrolabiatus Van den Bergh, Teugels, Coenen & Ollevier 1995 -- (Vari & Ferraris 2004:558 [ref. 28020], Vari 2007:449 [ref. 30023], Moritz 2010:289 [ref. 30684], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Manda et al. 2021:328 [ref. 38403], Musschoot 2024:350 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax rubrolabiatus Van den Bergh, Teugels, Coenen & Ollevier 1995. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Sanaga River basin, Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

rudolphi, Distichodus Günther [A.] 1896:223 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896 (pt 1) (art. 2) (for 4 Feb. 1896); ref. 14606] Lake Rudolf [Lake Turkana], Kenya. Syntypes: ANSP 14559 (1), BMNH 1895.12.31.71 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:99 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Distichodus niloticus (Hasselquist 1762) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:186 [ref. 6185]). •Synonym of Distochodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788) -- (Musschoot 2024:338 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus nefasch (Bonnaterre 1788). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rufigiensis, Distichodus Norman [J. R.] 1922:686 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 9 (no. 54); ref. 15358] Mpanganye, Rufigi River, Tanganyika Territory [Tanzania]. Syntypes: BMNH 1922.4.18.15-17 (3). •Valid as Distichodus rufigiensis Norman 1922 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:192 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:339 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus rufigiensis Norman 1922. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southeast Africa: coastal rivers, Tanzania. Habitat: freshwater.

schenga, Distichodus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1852:276 [Bericht über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1852; ref. 18539] Zambezi River, at Tette, Mozambique. Syntypes: ZMB 3565 (now 3). Type catalog: Zarske 2011:76 [ref. 31375]. Also in Peters 1868:74, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [ref. 3440]. Spelled schenga in all uses by Peters, so shenga is an incorrect subsequent spelling. •Valid as Distichodus schenga Peters 1852 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:192 [ref. 6185] with a holotype, Skelton 1993:195 [ref. 24071] as shenga, Skelton 2001:195 [ref. 27406] as shenga, Zarske 2011:76 [ref. 31375], Marshall 2011:125 [ref. 31755], Musschoot 2024:339 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus schenga Peters 1852. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Southeastern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

schoutedeni, Nannocharax Poll [M.] 1939:29, Fig. 13 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér C (Zoologie: Poissons, reptiles, amphibies) (Sér. 1) v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3513] Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Syntypes: (117, now 119) MRAC 39705-07 (3), 39920-32 (13), 39933-40029 (99), 43883-86 (4), 44016 (1). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:57 [ref. 21528]. See for comments on the types: Musschoot 2024:350 [ref. 40817]. •Valid as Nannocharax schoutedeni Poll 1939 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:205 [ref. 6185], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:350 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax schoutedeni Poll 1939. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

sexfasciatus, Distichodus Boulenger [G. A.] 1897:425 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 50); ref. 14629] Stanley [Boyoma] Falls, upper Congo River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1897.9.30.16. •Valid as Distichodus sexfasciatus Boulenger 1897 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:192 [ref. 6185], Mamonekene & Vreven 2008:97 [ref. 29866], Moelants et al. 2014:1715 [ref. 35459], Moelants et al. 2018:191 [ref. 35738], Skelton 2019:234 [ref. 36564], Abwe et al. 2019:93 [ref. 36905], Kiselkewa et al. 2020:[8] 707 [ref. 38315], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:339 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus sexfasciatus Boulenger 1897. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin (Democratic Republic of Congo). Habitat: freshwater.

seyboldi, Nannocharax Schultz [L. P.] 1942:(311) 313, Pl. 35 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 92 (no. 3152); ref. 3956] Bellyella, Liberia. Holotype: USNM 118757. Paratypes: USNM 118758-59 (3, 1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:31 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Nannocharax fasciatus Günther 1867 -- (Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:254 [ref. 21589], Paugy et al. 1990:337 [ref. 26477]). •Valid as Nannocharax seyboldi Schultz 1942 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:205 [ref. 6185], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Musschoot 2024:350 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax seyboldi Schultz 1942. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western Africa: Liberia. Habitat: freshwater.

shariensis, Nannocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1949:248, Figs. 24-27 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 101; ref. 1461] Near N'délé, Central African Republic [Ubangui-Shari]. Holotype: ANSP 71888. Paratypes: ANSP 71889-97 (43), 71898 (1, c&s). Additional material: (39). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:99 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:206 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:257 [ref. 21589], Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Nannaethiops unifasciatus (Steindachner 1894). Current status: Synonym of Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

signifer, Nannocharax Moritz [T.] 2010:290, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30684] Forêt d'Agrimè, about 7 kilometers east of Zogbodome, Hlan River, 7°03'58"N, 2°10'56"E, Ouémé River basin, southern Benin, West Africa. Holotype: BMNH 2009.3.2.1. Paratypes: BMNH 2009.3.2.2-4 (3); MRAC 2009-007-P-1 (1), 2009-007-P-2-3 (2), 99-027-P-0045 (1), 99-027-P-0046-47 (2); ZSM 38568 (1)., 38569 (2). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:253 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Nannocharax signifer Moritz 2010 -- (Musschoot 2024:350 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax signifer Moritz 2010. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western Africa: Ouémé River drainage, Benin. Habitat: freshwater.

skeltoni, Nannocharax Jerep [F. C.], Vari [R. P.], Dillman [C. B.] & de Santana [C. D.] 2024 [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 112 (no. 2); ref. 41149] Holotype. Paratypes: •Valid as Nannocharax skeltoni Jerep, Vari, Dillman & de Santana 2024. Current status: Valid as Nannocharax skeltoni Jerep, Vari, Dillman & de Santana 2024. Distichodontidae. Distribution: South Central Africa: Luapula River drainage, Congo River basin, northeastern Zambia. Habitat: freshwater.

spilotaenia, Neolebias Boulenger [G. A.] 1912:9, Pl. 17 (fig. 4 [not 3]) [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 2 (fasc. 3); ref. 581] Lebuzi River at Kuka Muno, Democratic Republic of Congo. Lectotype: BMNH 1912.4.1.282. Paralectotypes: ANSP 38665-68 (4), 38669 (missing); BMNH 1912.4.1.283-289 (7), 1912.4.1.290-296 (7); MRAC 1623 (1), 1624-25 (2); ZMB 18804 (5). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:99 [ref. 13621], Zarske 2011:82 [ref. 31375]. Lectotype selected by Poll & Gosse 1963:26 [ref. 5137]. •Valid as Congocharax spilotaenia (Boulenger 1912) -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:185 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:155 [ref. 24781]). •Valid as Neolebias spilotaenia Boulenger 1912 -- (Vari 2007:457 [ref. 30023], Zarske 2011:82 [ref. 31375], Skelton 2019:226 [ref. 36564], Musschoot 2024:352 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias spilotaenia Boulenger 1912. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

spilurus, Xenocharax Günther [A.] 1867:114 [6], Pl. 3 (fig. B) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 20 (no. 116) (art. 15); ref. 1989] Lake Zile, Ogowe basin, Gabon, circa 0°41'S, 10°17'E. Lectotype: BMNH 1867.5.3.33. Paralectotype: BMNH 1867.5.3.34 (1). On p. 6 of separate. Lectotype selected by Ibala Zamba et al. 2016:353 [ref. 34935]. •Valid as Xenocharax spilurus Günther 1867 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:210 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:155 [ref. 24781], Vari 2007:463 [ref. 30023], Ibala Zamba et al. 2016:352 [ref. 34935], Fermon et al. 2022:146 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:354 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Xenocharax spilurus Günther 1867. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: coastal river basins, Gabon and Cameroon. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmaturus, Distichodus Fowler [H. W.] 1935:260, Figs. 6-7 [Annals of the Transvaal Museum v. 16 (pt 2); ref. 1423] Chobe River, below rapids, 3 miles from Kasane, Botswana. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 30005 [ex TMP 15292]. Paratypes: ANSP 54260-61 (2), 54262 (missing); FMNH 33206-08 [ex TMP] (3); SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 30006 [ex TMP 15293] (7). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:99 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:32 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Hemigrammocharax multifasciatus (Boulenger 1923) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:195 [ref. 6185]). •Synonym of Nannocharax multifasciatus Boulenger 1923 -- (Musschoot 2024:348 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Nannocharax multifasciatus Boulenger 1923. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

taenia, Nannocharax Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:28, Pl. 8 (fig. 3) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 2 (fasc. 2); ref. 562] Banzyville, Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 4°18'N, 21°11'E. Syntypes: BMNH 1901.12.26.22 (1), MRAC 1283 (1). •Valid as Nannocharax taenia Boulenger 1902 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:205 [ref. 6185], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:351 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax taenia Boulenger 1902. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

taeniatus, Ichthyoborus Vaillant [L. L.] in Rivière 1886:17 [La Revue scientifique: revue hebdomadaire illustrée (Revue rose), éd. par Jean Duhem. v. 38 [series 3: v. 23 (no. 1)]; ref. 17852] Original genus should be Ichthyborus. Not available, no distinguishing features provided; from Africa. •In the synonymy of Ichthyborus ornatus (Boulenger 1899) -- (Musschoot 2024:341 [ref. 40817]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Ichthyborus ornatus (Boulenger 1899). Distichodontidae.

tanganicae, Distichodus Worthington [E. B.] & Ricardo [C. K.] 1937:1083, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1936 (pt 4); ref. 15306] Lake Tanganyika, east Africa. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1936.6.15.411. •Synonym of Distichodus sexfasciatus Boulenger 1897 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:193 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:339 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus sexfasciatus Boulenger 1897. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

tchadensis, Nannocharax niloticus Blache [J.] & Miton [F.] 1961:396 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 32 (no. 5) (1960); ref. 7449] Logone moyen, zones inondées vers Pous et Gamsaye, Chad basin, Republic of Chad. Syntypes: (36) MNHN 1959-0246 (2), 1959-0247 (3), 1959-0248 (orig. 25, now 15), 1988-1111 [ex 1959-248] (10). Type catalog: Blanc 1961:264 [ref. 20870]. See for comments on the types: Musschoot 2024:348 [ref. 40817]. •Synonym of Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis 1835), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:203 [ref. 6185]). •Synonym in part of Nannocharax occidentalis Daget 1959 -- (Coenen in Lévêque et al. 1990:252 [ref. 21589]). •Synonym of Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis 1835) -- (Musschoot 2024:348 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Nannocharax niloticus (Joannis 1835). Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

teugelsi, Distichodus Mamonekene [V.] & Vreven [E. J.] 2008:99, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 29866] Léfini River, 3 kilometers upstream of confluence with the Louna River, Réserve Naturelle Lésio-Louna, 3°00'S, 15°30'E, Congo River basin, Republic of Congo. Holotype: MRAC A4-46-P-0005. Paratypes: AMNH 237153 [ex MRAC A4-46-P-0008] (1); MRAC 137862 (1), MRAC A4-46-P-0006-07 (2), A4-046-P-0257 (1). •Valid as Distichodus teugelsi Mamonekene & Vreven 2008 -- (Moelants et al. 2014:1708 [ref. 35459], Musschoot 2024:339 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Distichodus teugelsi Mamonekene & Vreven 2008. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: middle Congo River basin, Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

tinanti, Belonophago Poll [M.] 1939:25, Figs. 10-11 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér C (Zoologie: Poissons, reptiles, amphibies) (Sér. 1) v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3513] Kinshasa and Kunungu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: MRAC 39438 (1) Kinshasa, 41740-59 (20) Kinshasa, 43896-906 (11) Kinshasa, 44277-308 (32, now 30, one in BMNH) Kinshasa, 52483-88 (6) Kunungu, 55104 (1) Kinshasa. Type catalog: Derijst 1991:30 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Belonophago tinanti Poll 1939 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:184 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:151 [ref. 24781], Musschoot 2024:333 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Belonophago tinanti Poll 1939. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

touteei, Distichodus Pellegrin [J.] 1906:472 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 12 (no. 7); ref. 15683] Niger River, near Gaya, Boussa and Badjibo, Africa. Syntypes: MNHN 1900-0103 to 0105 (3). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:39 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Distichodus engycephalus Günther 1864 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:188 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:245 [ref. 21589]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus engycephalus Günther 1864. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

trewavasae, Neolebias Poll [M.] & Gosse [J.-P.] 1963:27, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Série in 8o, Sciences Zoologiques No. 116; ref. 5137] Yaekama, Cameroon. Holotype: MRAC 137767. Paratypes: IRSNB 456 (1); MRAC 77408 (1), 137752 (1), 137768 (1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:11 [ref. 20755], Derijst 1991:58 [ref. 21528]. •Valid as Nannaethiops trewavasae (Poll & Gosse 1963) -- (Géry & Zarske 2003:42 [ref. 27475]). •Valid as Neolebias trewavasae Poll & Gosse 1963 -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:207 [ref. 6185], Lévèque et al. 1991:140 [ref. 31367], Vari 2007:459 [ref. 30023], Moritz et al. 2019:143 [ref. 36792], Fermon et al. 2022:145 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias trewavasae Poll & Gosse 1963. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cameroon south to Gabon and upper Congo River basin. Habitat: freshwater.

trilineatus, Neolebias Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:114 [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 5); ref. 589] Ndolo, Stanley Pool, Congo. Lectotype: MRAC 729. Paralectotypes: (5) BMNH 1899.9.26.87-88 (2); MRAC 730 (1), 1490 (1). Lectotype selected by Poll & Gosse 1963:19 [ref. 5137]. •Valid as Neolebias trilineatus Boulenger 1899 -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:208 [ref. 6185], Kullander & Roberts 2012:366 [ref. 31751], Stiassny et al. 2021:1687 [ref. 39000], Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias trilineatus Boulenger 1899. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

tritaeniatus, Nannaethiops Boulenger [G. A.] 1913:157 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 2 (fasc. 2); ref. 14944] Dungu, upper Uelé River, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1912.12.6.2 (1); MRAC 1796-1797 (2), 1815 (1). •Synonym of Neolebias trilineatus Boulenger 1899 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:208 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Neolebias trilineatus Boulenger 1899. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

unifasciatus, Neolebias Steindachner [F.] 1894:78, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 16 (nos 1-2, art. 1); ref. 4237] Robertsport, Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 24926 [ex RMNH 5324] (15.6 mm SL). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1904.4.29.16 [ex RMNH] (1), NMW 56531 (1), RMNH 5324 (4). Lectotype selected in Poll & Gosse 1963:15 [ref. 5137]. •Valid as Nannaethiops unifasciatus (Steindachner 1894) -- (Géry & Zarske 2003:42 [ref. 27475]). •Valid as Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894 -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:205 [ref. 6185], Lévêque et al. 1989:116 [ref. 26480], Paugy & Bénech 1989:301 [ref. 26478], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:257 [ref. 21589], Paugy et al. 1990:337 [ref. 26477] dated 1895, Dankwa et al. 1999:22 [ref. 28023] dated 1895, Vari 2007:459 [ref. 30023], Hauber et al. 2011:81 [ref. 31428], Moritz et al. 2019:143 [ref. 36792], Fermon et al. 2022:145 [ref. 39448], Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western and western-central Africa: Senegal to Central African Republic and Gabon. Habitat: freshwater.

uniocellatus, Microdistichodus Pellegrin [J.] 1926:162 [Revue de Zoologie Africaine v. 13 (no. 3-4); ref. 3404] Democratic Republic of the Congo. Syntypes: MNHN 1925-0311 [ex MRAC] (5), 1925-0312 [ex MRAC] (1); MRAC 19704-08 (5), 19718-19 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:40 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Hemigrammocharax uniocellatus (Pellegrin 1926) -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:195 [ref. 6185], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax uniocellatus (Pellegrin 1926) -- (Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Munene et al. 2021:22 [ref. 39283], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:351 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax uniocellatus (Pellegrin 1926). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

unitaeniatus, Nannaethiops Günther [A.] 1872:670, Pl. 65 (fig. C) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3) (art. 1) (for 21 Nov. 1871); ref. 1997] Gabon. Lectotype: BMNH 1872.1.26.8. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1872.1.26.9-13 (5), ZMB 8347 [ex BMNH] (1). Type catalog: Zarske 2011:77 [ref. 31375]. Lectotype selected in Poll & Gosse 1963: 13 [ref. 5137]. •Valid as Nannaethiops unitaeniatus Günther 1872 -- (Vari 1979:329 [ref. 5490], Daget & Gosse 1984:200 [ref. 6185], Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:255 [ref. 21589], Poll & Gosse 1995:155 [ref. 24781], Géry & Zarske 2003:42 [ref. 27475], Vari 2007:433 [ref. 30023] dated 1871, Zarske 2011:77 [ref. 31375], Skelton 2019:226 [ref. 36564], Fermon et al. 2022:143 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Nannaethiops unitaeniatus Günther 1872. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Nigeria south to Democratic Republic of Congo, including Volta, Niger, Cross and Chad river basins. Habitat: freshwater.

unitaeniatus, Neolebias Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:114 [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 5); ref. 589] Robertsport, Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 24926 [ex RMNH 5324] (15.6 mm SL). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1904.4.29.16 [ex RMNH] (1), NMW 56531 (1), RMNH 5324 (4). Mentioned in a footnote, along with univittatus, as a more appropriate name for Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894; regarded as an unneeded replacement name. •Synonym of Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894 -- (Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

univittatus, Neolebias Boulenger [G. A.] 1899:114 [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoologie) v. 1 (fasc. 5); ref. 589] Robertsport, Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 24926 [ex RMNH 5324] (15.6 mm SL). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1904.4.29.16 [ex RMNH] (1), NMW 56531 (1), RMNH 5324 (4). Mentioned in a footnote, along with unitaeniatus, as a more appropriate name for Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894; regarded as un unneeded replacement name. •Synonym of Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894 -- (Gosse in Lévêque et al. 1990:257 [ref. 21589], Musschoot 2024:353 [ref. 40817]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Neolebias unifasciatus Steindachner 1894. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

usongo, Nannocharax Dunz [A. R.] & Schliewen [U. K.] 2009:10, Figs. 5a-c, 6 [Zootaxa No. 2028; ref. 30114] Cross River at Mamfé, downriver road bridge, South-West Province, 5°46'0.00"N. 9°18'38.00"E, Cameroon. Holotype: ZSM 35732 [ex ZSM 35733]. Paratypes: MRAC 88-53-P-116-128 (13), ZSM 35733 (9 now 8). Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Neumann 2011:254 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Nannocharax usongo Dunz & Schliewen 2009 -- (Moritz 2010:289 [ref. 30684], Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Musschoot 2024:351 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax usongo Dunz & Schliewen 2009. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cross River drainage, Cameroon; plus one specimen questionably included from Nigeria. Habitat: freshwater.

vaillanti, Hemistichodus Pellegrin [J.] 1900:352 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 6 (no. 7); ref. 6253] Ogowe River at Adouma, Gabon. Holotype: MNHN 1886-0376. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:38 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Hemistichodus vaillanti Pellegrin 1900 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:196 [ref. 6185], Poll & Gosse 1995:149 [ref. 24781], Vari 2007:431 [ref. 30023]). •Synonym of Monostichodus elongatus Vaillant 1886 -- (Musschoot & Snoeks 2016:1081 [ref. 34892], Musschoot 2024:343 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Monostichodus elongatus Vaillant 1886. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vexillifer, Distichodus Pellegrin [J.] 1927:139 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 52 (no. 2); ref. 15813] Noun, near Bafousam and Nanga-Tboko, middle Sanaga River, Cameroon. Syntypes: MNHN 1927-0087 to 0089 (1, 1, 1) Noun River, 1927-0090 (1) Sanaga River. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:39 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Distichodus kolleri Holly 1926 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:189 [ref. 6185], Musschoot 2024:336 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Distichodus kolleri Holly 1926. Distichodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

virgatus, Eugnathichthys Stiassny [M. L. J.], Denton [J. S. S.] & Monsembula Iyaba [R. J. C.] 2013:483, Figs. 3-5A [Zootaxa 3693 (no. 4); ref. 32812] Quateur Province, Luilaka River at confluence of small stream flowing out of Salonga National Park, 2.6713°S, 21.71452°E, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype: AMNH 241648. Paratypes: AMNH. •Valid as Eugnathichthys virgatus Stiassny, Denton & Monsembula Iyaba 2013 -- (Musschoot 2024:340 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eugnathichthys virgatus Stiassny, Denton & Monsembula Iyaba 2013. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: middle Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

wittei, Hemigrammocharax Poll [M.] 1933:122, Fig. 8 [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 3 (pt 3); ref. 16518] Kando, near Tenke, River Kando, Shaba, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syntypes: MRAC 34903-18 (16), 34919-51 (33), 36247-311 (65). Type catalog: Derijst 1991:46 [ref. 21528]. A "type" was designated but apparently is not identifiable. •Valid as Hemigrammocharax wittei Poll 1933 -- (Daget & Gosse 1984:196 [ref. 6185], Jerep & Vari 2013:31 [ref. 32557]). •Valid as Nannocharax wittei (Poll 1933) -- (Jerep et al. 2014:368 [ref. 33246], Jerep & Vari 2014:49 [ref. 33325], Bragança et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37879], Manda et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40270], Musschoot 2024:351 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax wittei (Poll 1933). Distichodontidae. Distribution: Central Africa: Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

zebra, Nannocharax Dunz [A. R.] & Schliewen [U. K.] 2009:5, Figs. 3a,b, 4 [Zootaxa No. 2028; ref. 30114] Cross River at Mamfé, downriver road bridge, South-West Province, 5°46'0.00"N. 9°18'38.00"E, Cameroon. Holotype: ZSM 35730 [ex ZSM 35731]. Paratypes: MRAC 88-53-P-129-153 (25), ZSM 35731 (5 now 4). Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Neumann 2011:254 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Nannocharax zebra Dunz & Schliewen 2009 -- (Moritz 2010:289 [ref. 30684], Musschoot 2024:351 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Nannocharax zebra Dunz & Schliewen 2009. Distichodontidae. Distribution: Western-central Africa: Cross River basin, Cameroon; plus one specimen questionably included from Nigeria. Habitat: freshwater.