Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Gadidae: [ 118 ] records

aeglefinus, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:251 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European seas. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.164 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:217 [ref. 13434]. •Valid as Gadus aeglefinus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:68 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:306 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:687 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:93 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:274 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:117 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:54 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:114 [ref. 22531], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:175 [ref. 26753], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:235 [ref. 26158], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Møller et al. 2010:41 [ref. 31169], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:176 [ref. 33547], Dolgov et al. 2018:100 [ref. 41055], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:152 [ref. 36370], Simian et al. 2022:375 [ref. 40776], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Distribution: North Atlantic and Arctic regions. Habitat: marine.

agilis, Gadus Reinhardt [J. C. H.] 1837:115, 127 [33, 45] [Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske afhandlinger v. 7; ref. 3691] Greenland. Syntypes: ?NMW 43283 (1); ZMUC 352-355 (4), 357-359 (3). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:57 [ref. 9588]. On pp. 33 & 45 of separate. Reinhardt refers to Fauna Groenlandica Nr. 100 (Fabricius 1780:142-143 [ref. 17464]), which is Gadus aeglefinus in that work. •Synonym of Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1774) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:27 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1774). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

albus, Merlangus Yarrell [W.] 1841:247, Fig. [A History of British fishes. Second edition. v. 2; ref. 17751] Off Britain. No types known. •Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Cohen 1990:528 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:61 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2033 [ref. 34586]). Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

americana, Morrhua Storer [D. H.] 1839:448 [120] [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 2 (nos 3-4) (art. 12); ref. 4278] Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Possible types: MCZ 32962 (3, now 1). On p. 120 of separate. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Smith 1986:404 [ref. 22186], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

arenosus, Gadus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:368 [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Smith 1986:403 [ref. 22186], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

argenteus, Gadiculus Guichenot [A.] 1850:102, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des reptiles et poissons; ref. 1940] Algeria, western Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN A-7640 (3, now 2). Type catalog: Bailly et al. 1999:223 [ref. 24244]. Nomen protectum according to Parenti 2019:111 [ref. 37117]. •Valid as Gadiculus argenteus subspecies argenteus Guichenot 1850 -- (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26753], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2032 [ref. 34586]). •Valid as Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850 -- (Svetovidov 1973:305 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:685 [ref. 13676], Cohen 1990:526 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:39 [ref. 18936], Golani 1996:24 [ref. 22271], Santos et al. 1997:61 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:70 [ref. 24952], Golani 2005:25 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:64 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:29 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:173 [ref. 33547], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2032 [ref. 34586], Martins & Carneiro 2018:41 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:554 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:142 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36864], Kovačić et al. 2020:17 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:60 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:28 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39014]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Valid as Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850. Gadidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Galicia (Spain) and Portugal south to Morocco, including Azores. Habitat: marine.

auratus, Gadus Cope [E. D.] 1873:30 [7] [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 13 (for 17 Jan. 1873); ref. 929] Unalaska, Alaska, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 9020 (poor condition). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:103 [ref. 13621]. On p. 7 of separate. •Synonym of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:42 [ref. 18936], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:296 [ref. 25968], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:54 [ref. 35138]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Micromesistius Norman [J. R.] 1937:51, Fig. 22 [Discovery Reports v. 16; ref. 3227] Patagonian-Falklands region, 50°57'S, 63°37'30"W, Discovery station WS 80, depth 151-152 meters. Holotype: BMNH 1936.8.26.385. Paratypes: (32) USNM 103795 (1), ZIN 28885 (1). Type catalog: Balushkin & Prirodina 2008:151 [ref. 33662]. •Valid as Micromesistius australis Norman 1937 -- (Rembiszewski & Zielinski 1980:101 [ref. 23212], Inada in Nakamura et al. 1986:116 [ref. 14235], Pequeño 1989:45 [ref. 14125], Chiu & Markle 1990:190 [ref. 21686], Paulin et al. 1989:122 [ref. 24556], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:60 [ref. 18936], Miller 1993:563 [ref. 21297], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:115 [ref. 22531], Trunov 1999:463 [ref. 24579], Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:68 [ref. 25942], Ryan et al. 2002:637 [ref. 26734], Mabragaña et al. 2011:table S2 [ref. 31800], Struthers 2015:875 [ref. 34261], Nión et al. 2016:40 [ref. 35565], Kim et al. 2021:92 [ref. 39117]). Current status: Valid as Micromesistius australis Norman 1937. Gadidae. Distribution: Southern Hemisphere. Habitat: marine.

bacalaus, Gadus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] 1817:2, 13 [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Possibly unpublished. See also Gadus bacalaus Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler in Machado 1857. Also appeared as name only in Graells 1887:176, 187 [ref. 30438]. •In the synonymy of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae.

bacalaus, Gadus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] in Machado 1857:23 [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only; not available. Name from Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817:2, 13 [ref. 17319]. Also appeared as name only in Graells 1887:176, 187 [ref. 30438]. •In the synonymy of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae.

barbata, Morhua Fleming [J.] 1828:191 [A history of British animals; ref. 1339] Great Britain. Based in part on Gadus barbatus Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae.

barbatus, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:252 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European Ocean. Neotype: NRM 5678. See also Gadus tacaud Lacepède 1800, an unnecessary replacement name. Neotype selected by Delling et al. 2011:1236 [ref. 31990]. Published simultaneously with Gadus luscus; see Delling et al. 2011:1253 [ref. 31990] for first reviser action. Delling et al. 2011:1252 [ref. 31990] treat as an unused name on Art. 23.9 -- see Delling et al. 2011:1254 [ref. 31990]. •Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:311 [ref. 7169], Cohen 1990:531 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:79 [ref. 18936], Delling et al. 2011:1253 [ref. 31990], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2034 [ref. 34586]). Current status: Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bibus, Gadus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:365, 403 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] European Ocean. Syntypes: NRM 5678 (1). Unnecessary replacement name for Gadus luscus Linnaeus 1758. Spelled bibus on p. 365; bib on p. 403. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:264, 320 (vol. 6) [ref. 30473], spelled bibus on p. 264, bib on p. 320. •Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:311 [ref. 7169], Cohen 1990:531 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:79 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2034 [ref. 34586]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

blennoides, Gadus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:4 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] Apparently not an original description but an identification of Gadus blennoides Brünnich 1768. Gadidae.

blennoides, Gadus Swainson [W.] 1839:299, 389, Fig. 93 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Perhaps independent of Gadus blennoides Walbaum 1792. Gadidae.

borisovi, Arctogadus Dryagin [P. A.] 1932:151, Fig. 1 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 98 (no. 5/6); ref. 1140] Delta of Kolyma River, near Sukharnoye, northeastern Siberia, Russia. Holotype: ZIN 23863. Paratypes: BMNH 1935.8.31.1 (1); ZIN 10201-202 (1, 1), 10677 (2), 23755 (1), 23922 [ex 23863] (5). Type catalog: Balushkin & Prirodina 2008:151 [ref. 33662]. Author's name also spelled Drjagin. •Valid as Arctogadus borisovi Dryagin 1932 -- (Berg 1949:963 [ref. 20662], Nielsen & Jensen 1967:14, 17 [ref. 23971], Robins & Ray 1986:92 [ref. 23100], McAllister 1990:115 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:25 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:109 [ref. 22531], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:746 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:109 [ref. 23589], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:292 [ref. 25968], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:167 [ref. 28183], Dolgov 2013:917 [ref. 33112], Parin et al. 2014:171 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874) -- (Jordan et al. 2003:1341 [ref. 38593], Møller et al. 2010:40 [ref. 31169], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:121 [ref. 31212], Mecklenburg et al. 2014:131 [ref. 33463], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:138 [ref. 36370]). Current status: Synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874). Gadidae. Distribution: Arctic, North Atlantic and North Pacific (if valid). Habitat: brackish, marine.

bottemannei, Gadus (Boreogadus) Bleeker [P.] 1873:462, Pl. 21 (bottom fig.) [Archives néerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles v. 8; ref. 17100] Iceland sea. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6704 (smallest of 2). Gadidae.

brandtii, Gadus Hilgendorf [F. M.] 1875:39 [Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens. v. 1 (no. 7) (art. 10); ref. 30271] Yesso, Yetsigo [Hokkaido, Japan] [via Tokyo Fish Market, Tokyo, Japan]. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown (70 mm). •Synonym of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:42 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

californica, Morrhua Ayres [W. O.] 1854:190 [The Pacific [newspaper] v. 3 and 4 (thru no. 6); ref. 157] San Francisco Bay, California, U.S.A. No types known. Appeared first as above on 6 Oct.; then in Ayres 1854:9 [ref. 18923] and Ayres 1855:100 [ref. 31481]. •Synonym of Microgadus proximus (Girard 1854) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Microgadus proximus (Girard 1854). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

callarias, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:252 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European Ocean; Baltic Sea. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.162 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin), ? LS 36 (right half-skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:217 [ref. 13434], Wheeler 1985:37 [ref. 20705]. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:950, 951 [ref. 20662], Svetovidov 1973:303 [ref. 7169], Bogutskaya 1998:110 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies callarias Linnaeus 1758 -- (Svetovidov 1973:304 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:686 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936], Fricke 1999:30 [ref. 24101], Parin et al. 2014:175 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

candidus, Asellus Cetti [F.] 1777:100 [Anfibi e pesci di Sardegna; ref. 18872] Not available, name only, no diagnosis, from Sardegna [Sardinia, Italy]. •In the synonymy of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

capelanus, Gadus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:366, 411 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Eastern coast of Spain, El Campello, Alicante. Neotype: TFMC BMVP/1262. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:265, 332 (vol. 6) [ref. 30473], with spelling capellanus on p. 265, capelanus on p. 332. Lectotype selected by Delling et al. 2011:1256 [ref. 31990] as the specimen illustrated by Rondeletius 1559 (whereabouts of specimen unknown), but they then select a neotype. •Synonym of Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Svetovidov 1973:310 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:695 [ref. 13676], Golani 2005:25 [ref. 37112], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:29 [ref. 36649], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2034 [ref. 34586], Golani 2021:28 [ref. 38303]). •Synonym of Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:80 [ref. 18936]). •Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:51 [ref. 26753]). •Valid as Trisopterus capelanus (Lacepède 1800) -- (Delling et al. 2011:1241 [ref. 31990], Gonzalez et al. 2012:1017 [ref. 32369], Gaemers 2016:26 [ref. 34969], Carneiro et al. 2019:143 [ref. 37250], Kovačić et al. 2020:18 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:59 [ref. 38883]). Current status: Valid as Trisopterus capelanus (Lacepède 1800). Gadidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; northeastern Atlantic: adjacent coast of Portugal north to Galicia (Spain). Habitat: marine.

capelanus, Morua Risso [A.] 1827:226 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: MNHN B-852 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1945:376 [ref. 21554]. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

carbonarius, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:254 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European seas. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:33 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. See also Gadus colinus Lacepède 1800, an unnecessary replacement name. •Valid as Pollachius carbonarius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Herrera 1896:70 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:309 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:71 [ref. 18936], Fricke 1999:33 [ref. 24101]). Current status: Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

chalcogrammus, Gadus Pallas [P. S.] (ex Steller) 1814:198 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Okhotsk Sea; Kamchatka (Russia). No types known. •Valid as Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:98 [ref. 9277], Shirai in Amaoka et al. 1983:247, 323 [ref. 8379], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:92 [ref. 6441], Matarese et al. 1989:198 [ref. 26885], McAllister 1990:118 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:75 [ref. 18936] as chalcogrammus, Kubota & Tsukada 1996:56 [ref. 24966], Shinohara et al. 1996:172 [ref. 26605], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Musick et al. 2000:12 [ref. 24959], Nakabo 2000:414 [ref. 25086], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:23 [ref. 25650], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:295 [ref. 25968], Nakabo 2002:414 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:210, 540 [ref. 26218] as chalcogrammus, Fedorov et al. 2003:54 [ref. 27579], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:57 [ref. 37547], Mecklenburg et al. 2007:173 [ref. 29448], Shinohara et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31715], Shinohara et al. 2014:242 [ref. 33330], Parin et al. 2014:177 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814 -- (Ursvik et al. 2007:[1] [ref. 31061], Carr & Marshall 2008:490 [ref. 34838], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:120 [ref. 31212], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Mecklenburg et al. 2014:134 [ref. 33463], Mecklenburg & Steinke 2015:163 [ref. 34033], Pietsch & Orr 2015:26 [ref. 34694], Tohkairin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 35331], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:41 [ref. 34440], Kells et al. 2016:110 [ref. 35888], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:146 [ref. 36370], Burton & Lea 2019:50 [ref. 37205], Kim et al. 2020:73 [ref. 39118], Orlov et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38775], Dyldin et al. 2021:32 [ref. 38804], Love et al. 2021:80 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814. Gadidae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan, Russia) north to Bering Sea; northeastern Pacific: Alaska (U.S.A.) south to California (U.S.A.); North Atlantic: northern Norway; Arctic Ocean between northern Norway and Alaska (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

colias, Gadus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:131 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Europe. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.163 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:217 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Gadus luscus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Wheeler 1958:217 [ref. 13434]). •Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:311 [ref. 7169], Cohen 1990:531 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:79 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2034 [ref. 34586]). Current status: Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

colinus, Gadus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:366, 416 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Ports of western France, European Ocean; Pacific. No types known. Unnecessary replacement name for Gadus carbonarius Linnaeus 1758. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:265, 341 (vol. 6) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:309 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:71 [ref. 18936]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

communis, Merlangus Costa [O. G.] 1844:Gadoides p. 7 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] [Napoli] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. •Synonym of Gaidropsarus mediterraneus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:318 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:50 [ref. 18936]). •Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Cohen 1990:528 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:61 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2033 [ref. 34586]). Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

esmarkii, Gadus Nilsson [S.] 1855:565 [Skandinavisk fauna; ref. 3205] [Christiania Fjord] Oslo, Norway, North Sea, eastern North Atlantic. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:33 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Neocolliolus esmarkii (Nilsson 1855) -- (Gaemers 1976:516 [ref. 34968], Gaemers 2016:26 [ref. 34969]). •Valid as Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson 1855) -- (Svetovidov 1973:310 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:693 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:77 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:117 [ref. 22531], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Fricke 1999:33 [ref. 24101], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Møller et al. 2010:41 [ref. 31169], Delling et al. 2011:1236 [ref. 31990], Gonzalez et al. 2012:1017 [ref. 32369], Parin et al. 2014:179 [ref. 33547], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:160 [ref. 36370]). Current status: Valid as Trisopterus esmarkii (Nilsson 1855). Gadidae. Distribution: North Atlantic (including Greenland, western Baltic Sea, North Sea to southern France) and adjacent Arctic regions. Habitat: marine.

euxinus, Gadus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:526, Pl. 26 (fig. 2) [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Balaclava, Crimea, Ukraine, Black Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Svetovidov 1973:307 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:689 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:56 [ref. 18936], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26753]). •Synonym of Odontogadus merlangus (Linnaeus 1758) but a valid subspecies euxinus (Nordmann 1840) -- (Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:168 [ref. 31251]). •Valid as Merlangius merlanguis, subspecies euxinus (Nordmann 1840) -- (Parin et al. 2014:176 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Distribution: Black Sea and Sea of Azov, Sea of Marmara, Mediterranean Sea: Aegean Sea (subspecies euxinus). Habitat: brackish, marine.

fabricii, Gadus Richardson [J.] 1836:245 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Northern bays of Greenland. No types known. •Synonym of Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1774) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:27 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1774). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

fasciatus, Gadus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:10 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Arctic Canada. Based on the "Frost cod" of Pennant 1787:14 [ref. 16802]. Unused senior synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874); here treated as a nomen oblitum. •Synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874). Current status: Synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

fasciatus, Trisopterus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1814:16 [Précis des découvertes et travaux somiologiques de Mr. C. S. Rafinesque-Schmaltz; ref. 3582] Mediterranean Sea. Neotype: NRM 5678. Neotype selected by Delling et al. 2011:1254 [ref. 31990] to make fasciatus an absolute synonym of T. luscus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti 2019:104 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ferrugineus, Gadus Ascanius [P.] 1767:33, Pl. 5 [Icones rerum naturalium; ref. 30153] Stavanger, Norway. No types known. Also described by Ascanius 1767:5, pl. 5 [ref. 5115]. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

finnmarchica, Theragra Koefoed [E.] 1956:3, Pls. 1-2 [Report on Norwegian Fishery and Marine-Investigations. v. 11 (no. 5); ref. 12206] Off Berlevåg, northern Norway. Syntypes: ZMUB 5187 (2, 1 skeleton). Type catalog: Frøiland 1979:148 [ref. 21547]. Also appeared in Koefoed 1956:3 [ref. 2653]. •Synonym of Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814) -- (Ursvik et al. 2007:[1] [ref. 31061]). •Valid as Theragra finnmarchica Koefoed 1956 -- (Svetovidov 1973:309 [ref. 7169] as finmarchica, Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:692 [ref. 13676] as finmarchica, Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:76 [ref. 18936], Parin et al. 2014:179 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814 -- (Mecklenburg et al. 2011:120 [ref. 31212], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:42 [ref. 34440]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

frost, Gadus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:134 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] North America. No types known. •Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936], Scott & Crossman 1998:649 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fucensis, Pollachius chalcogrammus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1893:315 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 16 (no. 939); ref. 10628] Puget Sound at Tacoma, Washington, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 44455. Paralectotypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1898:2536 [ref. 2445]. •Synonym of Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:75 [ref. 18936], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:23 [ref. 25650], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:295 [ref. 25968]). •Synonym of Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814. Current status: Synonym of Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

furcatus, Gadus Swainson [W.] 1838:318, Fig. 71 [The natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, & reptiles, or monocardian animals. v. 1; ref. 4302] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also in Swainson 1839:389 [ref. 4303]. Gadidae.

fuscus, Gadus tomcodus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:621 [The Amerian medical and philosophical register of annals of medicine, natural history, agriculture, and the arts v. 4; ref. 17773] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also appeared in Mitchill 1815:369 [ref. 13292]. •Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

glacialis, Gadus Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1874:172 [Zweite deustche Nordpolar-Expedition; ref. 10018] North Atlantic, off northeastern Greenland, Sabine Island, 74°30'N, 19°W. Holotype (unique): ZMB 8210. •Valid as Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874) (often dated 1872) -- (Nielsen & Jensen 1967:7 [ref. 23971], Svetovidov 1973:304 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:682 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:92 [ref. 23100], McAllister 1990:117 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:26 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:109 [ref. 22531], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:291 [ref. 25968], Jordan et al. 2003:1341 [ref. 38593], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:56 [ref. 37547], Møller et al. 2010:40 [ref. 31169], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:121 [ref. 31212], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Dolgov 2013:917 [ref. 33112], Mecklenburg et al. 2014:131 [ref. 33463], Parin et al. 2014:172 [ref. 33547], Mecklenburg & Steinke 2015:163 [ref. 34033], Afonso et al. 2016:32, 95 [ref. 36199], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:35 [ref. 34440], Dolgov et al. 2018:93 [ref. 41055], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:138 [ref. 36370], Love et al. 2021:79 [ref. 39279], Karamushko et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39904], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874). Gadidae. Distribution: North Atlantic; Arctic Ocean, including Beaufort Sea (Alaska, U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

gracilis, Gadus Tilesius [W. G. von] 1810:354, Pls. 18-20 [Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg v. 2; ref. 12816] Uachal [Üakal], Kamchatka, Russia. No types known. •Valid as Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius 1810) -- (Berg 1949:959 [ref. 20662], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:92 [ref. 6441], Matarese et al. 1989:192 [ref. 26885], McAllister 1990:117 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:34 [ref. 18936], Zhu 1995:164 [ref. 25213], Vasil'eva 1997:791 [ref. 24703], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:747 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:109 [ref. 23589], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Nakabo 2000:414 [ref. 25086], Zemnukhov et al. 2001:420 [ref. 25412], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:23 [ref. 25650], Pietsch et al. 2001:143 [ref. 25688], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:293 [ref. 25968], Nakabo 2002:414 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:210, 539 [ref. 26218], Fedorov et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27579], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:168 [ref. 28183], Love et al. 2005:56 [ref. 37547], Mecklenburg et al. 2007:173 [ref. 29448], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:172 [ref. 33547], Mecklenburg & Steinke 2015:163 [ref. 34033], Tohkairin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 35331], Afonso et al. 2016:36, 144 [ref. 36199], Kells et al. 2016:110 [ref. 35888], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:39 [ref. 34440] see remarks, Dyldin & Orlov 2017:54 [ref. 35138], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:142 [ref. 36370], Dyldin et al. 2021:32 [ref. 38804], Love et al. 2021:80 [ref. 39279], Chikurova et al. 2023:220 [ref. 41043], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505], Stroganov et al. 2023:1147 [1015] [ref. 40642]). Current status: Valid as Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius 1810). Gadidae. Distribution: North Pacific and adjacent Arctic Ocean. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

grondoni, Gadus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:63 [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Nomen oblitum according to Parenti 2019:111 [ref. 37117]. •In the synonymy of Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850 -- (Parenti 2019:111 [ref. 37117]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

heteroglossus, Gadus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein) 1792:144 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Helensibus [Helsinki, Finland]. No types known. Spelled Gadus heetroflossus by Donndorff 1798:301 [ref. 17407]. Based on Callarias barbatus, Hornbogen ... of Klein 1749:7 [ref. 30141], a pre-Linnaean name. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Svetovidov 1973:303 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936], Fricke 1999:30 [ref. 24101]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hiemalis, Gadus callarias Taliev [D. N.] 1931:113 [Izvestiya Otdela prikladnoi ikhtiologii v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 20588] Gulf of Kandalaksha, White Sea, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 24507 (7). Type catalog: Balushkin & Prirodina 2008:152 [ref. 33662], Spodareva et al. 2023:237 [ref. 40445]. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:951 [ref. 20662], Bogutskaya 1998:110 [ref. 23589], Parin et al. 2014:175 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

karaensis, Eleginus navaga Essipov [V. K.] 1941:145 [Trudy Instituta polyarnogo zemedeliya v. 15; ref. 19913] Baydaratskaya Bay, Gulf of Ob', Malygin Strait. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Eleginus navaga [nawaga] (Koelreuter 1763) -- (Berg 1949:956 [ref. 20662]). •Synonym of Eleginus navaga with author as Pallas 1811 -- (Svetovidov 1973:305 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:36 [ref. 18936]). •Synonym of Eleginus nawaga (Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Eleginus nawaga (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

kildinensis, Gadus callarias Derjugin [K. M.] 1920:46 [2] [Trudy [Imperatorskago] Petrogradskago Obshchestva estestvoispytatelei. Petrograd v. 51 (pt 1, nos 1-4); ref. 15337] Lake Mogilnoye on Kildin Island, Barents Sea, Russia, depth 5-13 meters. Syntypes: ZIN 8633 (1), 10675 (1, skeleton), 10675 (1), 27160 (2). On p. 2 of separate. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies kildinensis as described -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:747 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:110 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:46 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:169 [ref. 28183], Parin et al. 2014:175 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:954 [ref. 20662], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936], Dyldin et al. 2020:106 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Distribution: Baltic Sea (subspecies). Habitat: brackish, marine.

leptocephalus, Merlangus DeKay [J. E.] 1842:288, Pl. 45 (fig. 146) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Long Island, New York, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): New York State coll. (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1986:405 [ref. 22186]). Current status: Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

linnei, Aeglefinus Malm [A. W.] 1877:481 [ ref. 2881] Original as Linnéi. Tentatively regarded as an unneeded replacement name for Gadus aeglefinus Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid "Strickland tautonomy"). Locality Sweden. •Synonym of Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:306 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:54 [ref. 18936]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Melanogrammus aeglefinus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

linnei, Merlangus Malm [A. W.] 1877:485 [ ref. 2881] Original as Linnéi. Tentatively regarded as an unneeded replacement name for Gadus merlangus Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid "Strickland tautonomy"). Locality Sweden. •Synonym of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:307 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:56 [ref. 18936]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

linnei, Pollachius Malm [A. W.] 1877:487 [ ref. 2881] Original as Linnéi. Tentatively regarded as an unneeded replacement name for Gadus pollachius Linnaeus 1758 (to avoid "Strickland tautonomy"). Locality Sweden. •Synonym of Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:70 [ref. 18936]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

longus, Asellus Strøm [H.] 1767:401 [Der Drontheimischen Gesellschaft Schriften aus dem Dänischen übersetzt v. 3; ref. 21098] •Name not in current use. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

luscus, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:252 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European Ocean. Lectotype: NRM 5678. Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:226-227 [ref. 20707]. See also Gadus bibus Lacepède 1800, an unnecessary replacement name. Lectotype established by Delling et al. 2011:1252 [ref. 31990]. •Valid as Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:311 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:693 [ref. 13676], Cohen 1990:531 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:79 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:117 [ref. 22531], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:51 [ref. 26753] with subspecies, Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Delling et al. 2011:1252 [ref. 31990], Gonzalez et al. 2012:1017 [ref. 32369], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2034 [ref. 34586], Gaemers 2016:27 [ref. 34969], Martins & Carneiro 2018:39 [ref. 36550], Carneiro et al. 2019:144 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36864], Bañón & Maño 2021:59 [ref. 38883], Kovačić et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: English Channel south to Morocco. Habitat: brackish, marine.

luteopallidus, Gadus tomcodus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:622 [The Amerian medical and philosophical register of annals of medicine, natural history, agriculture, and the arts v. 4; ref. 17773] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also appeared in Mitchill 1815:369 [ref. 13292]. Originally as luteo-pallidus, correction mandatory. Gadidae.

luteus, Gadus tomcodus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:621 [The Amerian medical and philosophical register of annals of medicine, natural history, agriculture, and the arts v. 4; ref. 17773] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also appeared in Mitchill 1815:369 [ref. 13292]. •Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lycostomus, Gadus Faber [F.] 1828:251 [Tidsskrift for naturvidenskaberne, Kjöbenhavn v. 5 (no. 15); ref. 18075] Denmark. No types known. •Synonym of Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:70 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

macrocephalus, Gadus Tilesius [W. G. von] 1810:350, Pls. 16-17 [Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Pétersbourg v. 2; ref. 12816] Kamchatka, Russia. No types known. See Parin et al. 2014:174 [ref. 33547] for remarks on species, such as ogac and Callarius marisalbi that are excluded. Gadus ogac and Gadus morhua marisalbi are considered valid taxa (Dyldin & Orlov 2017:54 [ref. 35138]). •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:955 [ref. 20662]). •Valid as Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810 -- (Shirai in Amaoka et al. 1983:105, 191 [ref. 8379], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:97 [ref. 9277], Okamura in Masuda et al. 1984:92 [ref. 6441], Scott & Scott 1988:269 [ref. 25518], Matarese et al. 1989:194 [ref. 26885], McAllister 1990:117 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:42 [ref. 18936], Shinohara et al. 1996:172 [ref. 26605], Cheng & Zhou 1997:228 [ref. 26385], Bogutskaya 1998:110 [ref. 23589], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Musick et al. 2000:12 [ref. 24959], Nakabo 2000:414 [ref. 25086], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:23 [ref. 25650], Wang et al. 2001:194 [ref. 26566], Zemnukhov et al. 2001:420 [ref. 25412], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:296 [ref. 25968], Nakabo 2002:414 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:210, 540 [ref. 26218], Fedorov et al. 2003:53 [ref. 27579], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:57 [ref. 37547], Evseenko et al. 2006:330 [ref. 28761], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:120 [ref. 31212] with comments, Shinohara et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31715], Stroganov et al. 2011:738 [ref. 31801], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Shinohara et al. 2014:242 [ref. 33330], Parin et al. 2014:174 [ref. 33547], Mecklenburg & Steinke 2015:163 [ref. 34033], Pietsch & Orr 2015:26 [ref. 34694], Tohkairin et al. 2015:5 [ref. 35331], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:43 [ref. 34440], Kells et al. 2016:112 [ref. 35888], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:54 [ref. 35138], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:148 [ref. 36370] see remarks, Burton & Lea 2019:51 [ref. 37205], Kim et al. 2020:73 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:29 [ref. 37637], Dyldin et al. 2021:32 [ref. 38804], Love et al. 2021:80 [ref. 39279], Simian et al. 2022:375 [ref. 40776], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810. Gadidae. Distribution: North Pacific, western North Atlantic and Arctic. Habitat: marine.

maculosa, Molva Lesueur [C. A.] 1819:159 [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 5; ref. 12573] Lake Erie, North America. No types known. •Name not in current use, perhaps the same as Gadus maculosus Lesueur 1817 Gadidae.

marisalbi, Gadus callarias Derjugin [K. M.] 1920:27, 49 [Trudy [Imperatorskago] Petrogradskago Obshchestva estestvoispytatelei. Petrograd v. 51 (pt 1, nos 1-4); ref. 15337] White Sea. Holotype: not at ZIN. Also classified as Gadus ogac Richardson 1836 and Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810 (Parin et al. 2014:176 [ref. 33547]) Original as marsi-Albi. On p. 2 of separate. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:954 [ref. 20662]). •Synonym of Gadus ogac Richardson 1837 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:47 [ref. 18936], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:297 [ref. 25968]). •Synonym of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810 -- (Mecklenburg et al. 2011:120 [ref. 31212] with comments). •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758, but a valid subspecies marisalba as described -- (Svetovidov 1973:304 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:686 [ref. 13676], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:747 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:110 [ref. 23589], Evseenko et al. 2006:330 [ref. 28761], Stroganov et al. 2011:741 [ref. 31801], Parin et al. 2014:176 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Distribution: White Sea (subspecies marisalbi). Habitat: brackish, marine.

maximus, Gadus Olafsen [E.] & Povelsen [B.] 1775:206 [Reise Island 1774-75 v. 1 (pts 1-2); ref. 18494] Iceland. Gadidae.

megalops, Phocaegadus Jensen [A. S.] 1948:141, Pl. 2 [Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis v. 9; ref. 2343] Greenland. Syntypes: (60) USNM 225112 [ex ZMUC P37405] (1); ZMUC P37602-05 (4), P37626 (1), P37631-41 (11), P37678-80 (3), P37693-701 (9), P37704-05 (2). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:57 [ref. 9588]. •Synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874) -- (Nielsen & Jensen 1967:7 [ref. 23971], Svetovidov 1973:304 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:26 [ref. 18936], Jordan et al. 2003:1342 [ref. 38593], Parin et al. 2014:172 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

melanostomus, Gadus Nilsson [S.] 1855:556 [Skandinavisk fauna; ref. 3205] •Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827) -- (Cohen 1990:528 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:61 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2033 [ref. 34586]). Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

merlangus, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:253 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European sea. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.165-166 [Gronovius coll.] (2, skins). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:217 [ref. 13434], and see Wheeler 1991:165 [ref. 20102]. •Valid as Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:307 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:688 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:56 [ref. 18936], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:64 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:56 [ref. 30517], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:29 [ref. 36649], Møller et al. 2010:41 [ref. 31169], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:176 [ref. 33547] subspecies merlanguis, Mecklenburg et al. 2018:154 [ref. 36370], Martins & Carneiro 2018:44 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:554 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:143 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36864], Kovačić et al. 2020:18 [ref. 37519], Abliazov et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38576], Bañón & Maño 2021:60 [ref. 38883], Kovačić et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39014], Niță et al. 2022:45 [ref. 40471]). Current status: Valid as Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; northeastern Atlantic and adjacent fringes of Arctic regions. Habitat: brackish, marine.

minor, Gadus Döderlein [L.] in Steindachner & Döderlein 1887:277 [21] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 53 (1. abth.); ref. 4249] Tokyo, Japan. Holotype (unique): NMW. •Synonym of Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:75 [ref. 18936]). •Synonym of Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814. Current status: Synonym of Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

minutus, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:253 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Kattegat near Laesö Island, Denmark. Neotype: NRM 60756. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:34 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Neotype designated by Delling et al. 2011:1236 [ref. 31990]. •Valid as Allotrisopterus minutus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Gaemers 2016:29 [ref. 34969]). •Valid as Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:310 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:694 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:80 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:117 [ref. 22531], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Fricke 1999:33 [ref. 24101], Mattiangeli et al. 2000:477 [ref. 40164], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:64 [ref. 29533], Delling et al. 2011:1236, 1255 [ref. 31990], Gonzalez et al. 2012:1017 [ref. 32369], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2035 [ref. 34586] and as T. m. minutus, Martins & Carneiro 2018:40 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:554 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:144 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:46 [ref. 37515], Bañón & Maño 2021:59 [ref. 38883], Kovačić et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; northeastern Atlantic: Norway and Faroes south to Portugal and Morocco. Habitat: marine.

mixtus, Gadus tomcodus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:622 [The Amerian medical and philosophical register of annals of medicine, natural history, agriculture, and the arts v. 4; ref. 17773] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also appeared in Mitchill 1815:369 [ref. 13292]. •Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

mollosus, Gadus Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 117 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name and brief description mentioned in synonymy. Also not available from Ninni 1872:54 [ref. 17995] where Chiereghini manuscript is quoted but name not treated as valid. Nomen Nudum. Gadidae.

morhua, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:252 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European seas. No types known. Name spelled Gadus morrhus by Müller 1776:42 [ref. 17808] and Gadus morrhua in Schöpf 1788:139 [ref. 18700]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:31 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Berg 1949:950 [ref. 20662], Svetovidov 1973:303 [ref. 7169], Smith 1986:403 [ref. 22186], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:682 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:93 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:266 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:117 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:111 [ref. 22531], Murdy et al. 1997:112 [ref. 23144], Arruda 1997:70 [ref. 24952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:747 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:110 [ref. 23589], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Fricke 1999:30 [ref. 24101], Musick et al. 2000:12 [ref. 24959], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:174 [ref. 26753], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:228 [ref. 26158], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:290 [ref. 25968], Iwamoto & Cohen 2003:1024 [ref. 27011], Moore et al. V2003:213 [ref. 27076], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:169 [ref. 28183], Evseenko et al. 2006:330 [ref. 28761], Fricke 2007:25 [ref. 30577], Møller et al. 2010:40 [ref. 31169], Stroganov et al. 2011:741 [ref. 31801], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Dolgov 2013:917 [ref. 33112], Parin et al. 2014:175 [ref. 33547], Afonso et al. 2016:36, 151 [ref. 36199], Dolgov et al. 2018:98 [ref. 41055], Mecklenberg et al. 2018:150 [ref. 36370], Carneiro et al. 2019:142 [ref. 37250], Dyldin et al. 2020:106 [ref. 37569], Bañón & Maño 2021:59 [ref. 38883], Kovačić et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39014], Simian et al. 2022:375 [ref. 40776], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Distribution: North Atlantic (including Baltic Sea, North Sea), Kara Sea and adjacent Arctic; Mediterranean Sea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

multiform, Gadus tomcodus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:369 [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] Not available, regarded as an alternate name for Gadus tomcodus mixtus Mitchill 1814, from New York. •In the synonymy of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Current status: Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae.

nanus, Gadus Faber [F.] 1829:112 [Naturgeschichte der Fische Islands; ref. 13329] Iceland. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

nawaga, Gadus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Koelreuter) 1792:128 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] In mari albo [White Sea, Russia]. Sometimes dated to Koelreuter 1770, Pallas 1811 or Pallas 1814. Based on Gadus sp. (vernacular name Nawaga) of Koelreuter 1770:484 [ref. 26182]. Listed by Bonnaterre 1788:46 [ref. 4940] as a synonym of Gadus callarias with the vernacular name 'Navaga". Appeared as Gadus callarias var. nowaga in Bloch & Schneider 1801:7 [ref. 471]. Walbaum 1792 is the earliest validation of Gadus nawaga that we [RF] can find. •In the genus Microgadus -- (Carr et al. 1999:25 [ref. 24219]). •Valid as Eleginus navaga [sic] (Koelreuter 1770) [but sometimes with authorship as Pallas] -- (Berg 1949:956 [ref. 20662], Svetovidov 1973:305 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:684 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:36 [ref. 18936], Vasil'eva 1997:791 [ref. 24703], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:747 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:110 [ref. 23589], Novikov et al. 2000:161 [ref. 40929], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:293 [ref. 25968]). •Valid as Eleginus nawaga (Walbaum 1792) -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:168 [ref. 28183] with author as Koelreuter 1770, Dolgov 2013:917 [ref. 33112], Parin et al. 2014:173 [ref. 33547], Dolgov et al. 2018:96 [ref. 41055], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:144 [ref. 36370] see remarks, Maznikova & Orlov 2020:[2] [ref. 37537], Chikurova et al. 2023:220 [ref. 41043], Stroganov et al. 2023:1147 [1015] [ref. 40642]). Current status: Valid as Eleginus nawaga (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae. Distribution: Arctic: White Sea, Barents Sea and Kara Sea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

nawaga, Gadus Koelreuter [I. T.] 1770:484 et seq., Pl. 12 [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae v. 14 (pt. 1) (for 1769); ref. 26182] Not available, described in synonymy of Gadus callarias Linnaeus 1758 (see Koelreuter 1770:494); also not binominal, just genus name in title ['e gadorum genere'] plus a vernacular Russian name [Russis nawaga dicti]. Also explicitly identified as Gadus callarias on p. 494. From the coast of northern Russia. •In the synonymy of Eleginus nawaga (Walbaum 1792) -- (Parin et al. 2014:173 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Eleginus nawaga (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae.

niger, Asellus Cetti [F.] 1777:100 [Anfibi e pesci di Sardegna; ref. 18872] Not available, name only, no diagnosis, from Sardegna [Sardinia, Italy]. •Unplaced, family Gadidae. Nomen Nudum. Gadidae.

niger, Gadus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1803:671, 673 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 5; ref. 4930] Bute, Scotland; Solway Firth; Mersey River at Liverpool, England. Gadidae.

ogac, Gadus Richardson [J.] 1836:246 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Greenland. No types known. •Synonym of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810 -- (Mecklenburg et al. 2011:120 [ref. 31212] with comments, Mecklenburg et al. 2016:44 [ref. 34440] see remarks). •Valid as Gadus ogac Richardson 1836 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:93 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:270 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:117 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:47 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:113 [ref. 22531], Bogutskaya 1998:110 [ref. 23589] as ogas, Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:297 [ref. 25968], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:57 [ref. 37547], Evseenko et al. 2006:330 [ref. 28761], Møller et al. 2010:40 [ref. 31169], Stroganov et al. 2011:738 [ref. 31801], Afonso et al. 2016:37, 152 [ref. 36199], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:54 [ref. 35138], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Gadus ogac Richardson 1836. Gadidae. Distribution: Northwestern Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Habitat: brackish, marine.

ogat, Gadus Krøyer [H. N.] 1847:Pl. 19 [Poissons de la mer du Nord; ref. 18438] Original not seen. Alternative spelling? •Synonym of Gadus ogac Richardson 1836 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:47 [ref. 18936]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Gadus ogac Richardson 1836. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

olicaceus, Callarias sordide Klein [J. T.] 1775 [Neuer Schauplatz v. 1; ref. 2618] Original not seen. Gadidae.

ovak, Gadus Reinhardt [J. C. H.] 1837:115, 128 [33, 46] [Det Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskabs naturvidenskabelige og mathematiske afhandlinger v. 7; ref. 3691] No types known. On pp. 33 & 46 of separate. Reinhardt refers to Fauna Groenlandica Nr. 103 (Fabricius 1780:146-147 [ref. 17464]), which is Gadus barbatus in that work (with a common name of "ogak" or "ovak"). •Synonym of Gadus ogac Richardson 1836 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:47 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus ogac Richardson 1836. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

pallidus, Micromesistius australis Inada [T.] & Nakamura [I.] 1975:2, Fig. 1 [Bulletin Far Seas Fisheries Research Laboratory (Shimizu) 13; ref. 7099] New Zealand, 49°25.3'S, 173°22.2'E, depth 480 meters. Holotype: FAKU 43651. Paratypes: FAKU 43624-29 (5), 43630-39 (10), 43643-44 (1, 1), 43648 (1), 43650-53 (1, 1, 1), 43652-53 (2), 43952 (1), 43954 (1), 43659-61 (3), 43663 (1), 43683 (1), 43685-86 (1, 1), 43688-89 (1, 1), 43692 (1), 43696 (1), 43730-31 (1, 11), 43732-33 (2), 43738 (1), 43851 (1), 43915 (1), 43955 (1), 43966 (1), 44084-85 (1, 1), 44112-13 (1, 1), 44156-57 (1, 1), 44161 (1), 44163-64 (1, 1), 44168 (1), 44174 (1), 44176 (1). •Synonym of Micromesistius australis Norman 1937, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Yamada in Amaoka et al. 1990:160 [ref. 16024]). •Synonym of Micromesistius australis Norman 1937 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:60 [ref. 18936], Ryan et al. 2002:637 [ref. 26734]). Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius australis Norman 1937. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

pearyi, Boreogadus Nichols [J. T.] & Maxwell [A.] 1933:26 [Copeia 1933 (no. 1); ref. 16510] Lincoln Bay, Greenland. Holotype: AMNH 9699. Paratypes: AMNH 20450 (1). •Synonym of Arctogadus borisovi Dryagin 1932 -- (Nielsen & Jensen 1967:14, 20 [ref. 23971], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:25 [ref. 18936], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:292 [ref. 25968], Parin et al. 2014:171 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874) -- (Jordan et al. 2003:1341 [ref. 38593]). Current status: Synonym of Arctogadus glacialis (Peters 1874). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

periscopus, Gadus Cope [E. D.] 1873:30 [7] [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 13 (for 17 Jan. 1873); ref. 929] Unalaska, Alaska, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 9014 (poor condition). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:103 [ref. 13621]. On p. 7 of separate. •Synonym of Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas 1814) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:75 [ref. 18936]). •Synonym of Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814. Current status: Synonym of Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas 1814. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

pertusus, Merlangus Cocco [A.] 1829:140 [Giornale di Scienze Lettere e Arti per La Sicilia Anno 7, v. 26 (no. 77); ref. 857] Messina, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Cohen 1990:528 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:61 [ref. 18936] as pertusis, Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2033 [ref. 34586] as pertusis). Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

polaris, Merlangus Sabine [E.] 1824:211 [ccxi] [A supplement to the appendix of Captain Parry's voyage; ref. 18649] Baffin Bay, between western Greenland and Baffin Island. No types known. •Synonym of Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1774) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:27 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1774). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

pollachius, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:254 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European ocean. Possible syntypes: ZMUU Linn. Coll. 177 (1). Type catalog: Wheeler 1991:165-166 [ref. 20102]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:32 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Misspelled Gadus polsachius by De la Pylaie 1835:529 [ref. 1086]. •Valid as Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:690 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:70 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:116 [ref. 22531], Arruda 1997:72 [ref. 24952], Fricke 1999:32 [ref. 24101], Fricke 2007:25 [ref. 30577], Parin et al. 2014:178 [ref. 33547], Martins & Carneiro 2018:43 [ref. 36550], Carneiro et al. 2019:143 [ref. 37250], Bañón & Maño 2021:60 [ref. 38883]). Current status: Valid as Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Distribution: Baltic Sea; North Sea; northeastern Atlantic: including Azores. Habitat: marine.

polymorphus, Gadus tomcodus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:369 [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] Not available, considered as an alternate name for Gadus tomcodus mixtus Mitchill 1814. •In the synonymy of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae.

potassoa, Gadus (Merlangus) Düben [M. W. von] & Koren [J.] 1846:88 [Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm for 1844; ref. 17420] An incorrect subsequent spelling of Merlangus poutassou Risso 1827; from Bergen, Norway. Authorship was credited to Risso by the authors. •In the synonymy of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827) -- (Cohen 1990:528 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:61 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2033 [ref. 34586]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae.

poutassou, Merlangus Risso [A.] 1827:227 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Spelled potassoa by Düben & Koren 1846. •Valid as Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Ehrich 1983:136 [ref. 37253], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:689 [ref. 13676], Scott & Scott 1988:283 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:118 [ref. 14674], Cohen 1990:528 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:61 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:115 [ref. 22531], Santos et al. 1997:62 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:71 [ref. 24952], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26753], Iwamoto & Cohen 2003:1024 [ref. 27011], Moore et al. 2003:213 [ref. 27076], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:25 [ref. 37112], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:64 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:57 [ref. 30517], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:29 [ref. 36649], Møller et al. 2010:41 [ref. 31169], Page et al. 2013:94 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:177 [ref. 33547], Afonso et al. 2016:38, 223 [ref. 36199], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2033 [ref. 34586], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:156 [ref. 36370], Martins & Carneiro 2018:42 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:554 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:143 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:94 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:45 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:18 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:59 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:28 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39014], Gus'kov et al. 2022:71 [ref. 39564], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea; North Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; Black Sea; northeastern Atlantic: Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard and Barents Sea south to Morocco; northwestern Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

proximus, Gadus Girard [C. F.] 1854:141 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1818] San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 524 (3). •Valid as Microgadus proximus (Girard 1854) -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:98 [ref. 9277], Matarese et al. 1989:196 [ref. 26885], McAllister 1990:117 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:294 [ref. 25968], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:57 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Pietsch & Orr 2015:27 [ref. 34694], Kells et al. 2016:112 [ref. 35888], Burton & Lea 2019:51 [ref. 37205], Love et al. 2021:80 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Microgadus proximus (Girard 1854). Gadidae. Distribution: North Pacific: Bering Sea Alaska (U.S.A.) south to central California (U.S.A.). Habitat: brackish, marine.

pruinosus, Gadus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:4 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Mitchill 1814:623 [ref. 17773] and as Gadus tomcodus pruinosus in Mitchill 1815:369 [ref. 13292]. •Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pseudomorrhua, Gadus Bleeker [P.] 1872:151 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 4; ref. 431] China. No types known. Based on a painting. Gadidae.

punctatus, Gadus Turton [W.] 1807:90 [British fauna, containing a compendium of the zoology of the British Islands v. 1; ref. 12590] Swansea, UK. No types known. Gadidae.

punctatus, Morhua Fleming [J.] 1828:192 [A history of British animals; ref. 1339] Swansea, southern Wales, England. No types known. Perhaps not an original description, based on Gadus punctatus of Turton. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

purpureus, Gadus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:623 [The Amerian medical and philosophical register of annals of medicine, natural history, agriculture, and the arts v. 4; ref. 17773] New York, U.S.A. No types known. Also in Mitchill 1815:370 [ref. 13292]. •Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1986:405 [ref. 22186], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:71 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

pygmaeus, Gadus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:199 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] "ad Promontorium Eliae Americae". •Synonym of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810 -- (Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:42 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius 1810. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

rubra, Gadus morhua var. Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:xxiii [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Between Britain and Ireland. Appears to be available from brief diagnosis in index. Gadidae.

rupestris, Gadus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:368 [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Smith 1986:403 [ref. 22186], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

russicus, Gadus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1174 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Evidently described but not named in Walbaum 1784 [ref. 17826]. Gadidae.

saida, Gadus Lepechin [I. I.] 1774:512, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae v. 18 (for 1773); ref. 17500] White Sea, northern Russia. No types known. •Valid as Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1774) -- (Berg 1949:961 [ref. 20662], Backus 1951:290 [ref. 41140], Svetovidov 1973:305 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:683 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:92 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:260 [ref. 25518], Matarese et al. 1989:190 [ref. 26885], McAllister 1990:117 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:27 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:110 [ref. 22531], Fevolden & Christiansen 1997:411 [ref. 23338], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:746 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:109 [ref. 23589], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:23 [ref. 25650], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:290 [ref. 25968], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:167 [ref. 28183], Love et al. 2005:56 [ref. 37547], Mecklenburg et al. 2007:173 [ref. 29448], Møller et al. 2010:40 [ref. 31169], Mecklenburg et al. 2011:120 [ref. 31212], Page et al. 2013:93 [ref. 32708], Dolgov 2013:917 [ref. 33112], Mecklenburg et al. 2014:133 [ref. 33463], Parin et al. 2014:172 [ref. 33547], Mecklenburg & Steinke 2015:163 [ref. 34033], Afonso et al. 2016:32, 111 [ref. 36199], Kells et al. 2016:110 [ref. 35888], Mecklenburg et al. 2016:37 [ref. 34440], Dolgov et al. 2018:94 [ref. 41055], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:133 [ref. 36370] see remarks, Nelson et al. 2020:[3] [ref. 37533], Love et al. 2021:80 [ref. 39279], Chernova et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39177], Simian et al. 2022:375 [ref. 40776], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Boreogadus saida (Lepechin 1774). Gadidae. Distribution: Circumpolar, Arctic seas south to 80°N; North Pacific: south to northern Bering Sea; North Atlantic: south to Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Labrador (Canada); south to Iceland. Habitat: brackish, marine.

sey, Gadus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:367, 417 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Norway. No types known. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.167 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Unnecessary replacement name for Gadus virens Linnaeus 1758. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:266, 342 (vol. 6) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:309 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:71 [ref. 18936]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

sinuatus, Gasterosteus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] 1817:7 [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only, not available. Possibly an unpublished work. See also Gasterosteus sinuatus Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler in Machado 1857:24 [ref. 17320]. •In the synonymy of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae.

sinuatus, Gasterosteus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] in Machado 1857:24 [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only; not available. Name from Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817:7 [ref. 17319], possibly an unpublished work. Also appeared in Graells 1887:181 [ref. 30438]. •In the synonymy of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae.

sycodes, Morrhua Cocco [A.] 1884:178 [Naturalista Siciliano [Il Naturalista Siciliano, Giornale di scienze naturali] v. 4; ref. 4874] No types known. Also appeared as name only in Cocco 1846:750 [ref. 26448]. •Synonym of Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus 1758). •Probably a synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Delling 2011:1254 [ref. 31990]). Current status: Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

tacaud, Gadus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:366, 410 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Northern European Ocean. No types known. Unnecessary replacement name for Gadus barbatus Linnaeus 1758. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:265, 331 (vol. 6) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Trisopterus minutus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:310 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:80 [ref. 18936]). •Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Delling et al. 20122: 1254 [ref. 31990]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Trisopterus luscus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

thori, Gadiculus Schmidt [E. J.] 1913:7, Fig. 1 [Saertryk af Mindeskrift for Japetus Steenstrup, København v. 14; ref. 14173] Irish waters, Skagerrak, and west of Scotland, North Atlantic. No types known. Syntypes: (12) NMI (6), ZMUC (1, 5). •Synonym of Gadiculus argenteus subspecies argenteus Guichenot 1850 -- (Mercader & Vinyoles 2008:126 [ref. 29990]). •Synonym of Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850, but a valid subspecies thori -- (Svetovidov 1973:306 [ref. 7169], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:685 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:40 [ref. 18936], Parin et al. 2014:174 [ref. 33547], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2032 [ref. 34586]). Current status: Synonym of Gadiculus argenteus Guichenot 1850. Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

tinca, Gadus Goldfuss [G. A.] 1820:56 [Handbuch der Zoologie 2 parts; ref. 1829] Northern Ocean. No types known. Gadidae.

titling, Gadus Ascanius [P.] 1767:5, Pl. 5 [Icones rerum naturalium, ou figures enluminées d'histoire naturelle du Nord; ref. 5115] Stavanger, Norway and Iceland. No types known. Also described by Ascanius 1767:33, pl. 5 [ref. 30153] as Gadus ferrugineus. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

tomcod, Gadus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Schöpf) 1792:133 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [New York, U.S.A.]. No types known. Originally Tom Cod. Based on 'Gadus, Tom Cod in Neu-york genannt' in Schöpf 1788:140 [ref. 18700]. •Valid as Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792) -- (Lee et al. 1980:488 [ref. 22416], Robins & Ray 1986:93 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:281 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:118 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:58 [ref. 18936], Page & B. Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:242 [ref. 26158], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2006:36 [ref. 30386], Page & Burr 2011:421 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:94 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae. Distribution: Western North Atlantic. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tomcodus, Gadus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:621 [The Amerian medical and philosophical register of annals of medicine, natural history, agriculture, and the arts v. 4; ref. 17773] Apparently not a new species description but an incorrect subsequent spelling or unjustified emendation of of Gadus tomcod Walbaum 1792. •Valid as Microgadus tomcodus Mitchill 1814 -- (Herrera 1896:68 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum 1792). Gadidae.

typus, Pollachius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846:45 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] No types known. •Synonym of Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:70 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

varius, Asellus Cetti [F.] 1777:100 [Anfibi e pesci di Sardegna; ref. 18872] Not available, name only, no diagnosis, from Sardegna [Sardinia, Italy]. •Unplaced in family Gadidae. Nomen Nudum. Gadidae.

vegae, Gadus navaga gracilis forma Rendahl [H.] 1931:9 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 22 (pt 4) A (no. 18); ref. 16326] Rendahl specimens: NRM 5664-66 (4, 2, 1), 36500 (1). Not available, infrasubspecific. •In the synonymy of Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius 1810) -- (Berg 1949:959 [ref. 20662]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius 1810). Gadidae.

vernalis, Merlangus Risso [A.] 1827:228 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Cohen 1990:528 [ref. 15766], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:61 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Cohen 2016:2033 [ref. 34586]). Current status: Synonym of Micromesistius poutassou (Risso 1827). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

vernullas, Batrachoides Lesueur [C. A.] 1819:157 [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 5; ref. 12573] •Name not in current use. Gadidae.

vertagus, Gadus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein) 1792:143 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Helensibus [Helsinki, Finland]. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:31 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Based on Callarias barbatus, rostro nigro ... of Klein 1749:7, pl. 2, fig. 1 [ref. 30141], a pre-Linnaean name. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Svetovidov 1973:303 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936], Fricke 1999:30 [ref. 24101]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

virens, Gadus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:253 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European seas. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.167 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:217-218 [ref. 13434]. See also Gadus sey Lacepède 1800, an unnecessary replacement name. •Valid as Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:309 [ref. 7169], Smith 1986:405 [ref. 22186], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:691 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:93 [ref. 23100], McAllister 1990:118 [ref. 14674], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:71 [ref. 18936], Endo in Okamura et al. 1995:116 [ref. 22531], Murdy et al. 1997:111 [ref. 23144], Carr et al. 1999:20 [ref. 24219], Fricke 1999:33 [ref. 24101], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:247 [ref. 26158], Iwamoto & Cohen 2003:1025 [ref. 27011], Nelson et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27807], Fricke 2007:26 [ref. 30577], Møller et al. 2010:41 [ref. 31169], Page et al. 2013:94 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:178 [ref. 33547], Mecklenburg et al. 2018:158 [ref. 36370], Martins & Carneiro 2018:45 [ref. 36550], Simian et al. 2022:375 [ref. 40776], Page et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Pollachius virens (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Distribution: North Atlantic and adjacent Arctic regions (including Baltic Sea, North Sea, White Sea). Habitat: marine.

viridis, Gadus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:133 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Off Spain. No types known. •Synonym of Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:308 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:70 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Pollachius pollachius (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: marine.

vulgaris, Merlangus Fleming [J.] 1828:195 [A history of British animals; ref. 1339] British Isles. No types known. Based in part on Gadus merlangus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Svetovidov 1973:307 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:56 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus 1758). Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

vulgaris, Morhua Fleming [J.] 1828:191 [A history of British animals; ref. 1339] Off the western isles and the coast of Zetland, Scotland. Based in part on Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758 -- (Svetovidov 1973:303 [ref. 7169], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:44 [ref. 18936]). Current status: Synonym of Gadus morhua Linnaeus 1758. Gadidae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

wachna, Gadus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:182 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Kamchatka, Russia. Syntypes: ZMB 23520 or 23570 (1). Type information: Svetovidov 1978:21 and 24 [ref. 6025]. •Synonym of Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius 1810) -- (Berg 1949:959 [ref. 20662], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:34 [ref. 18936], Bogutskaya 1998:109 [ref. 23589], Parin et al. 2014:172 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:54 [ref. 35138]). Current status: Synonym of Eleginus gracilis (Tilesius 1810). Gadidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.