Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Gymnuridae: [ 32 ] records

afuerae, Pteroplatea Hildebrand [S. F.] 1946:71, Fig. 16 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Lobos de Afuera Island, Peru. Holotype (unique): USNM 77709. •Synonym of Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1864) -- (Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:62 [ref. 24555]). •Synonym of Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters 1869) -- (Last & Yearsley 2016:5 [ref. 34940], Weigmann 2016:142 [ref. 34211] see remarks). •Valid as Gymnura afuerae (Hildebrand 1946) -- (Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:762 [ref. 31278], Ehemann et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41359]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura afuerae (Hildebrand 1946). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern Mexico south to Peru. IUCN (2019): Near Threatened (part of G. crebripunctata). Habitat: marine.

altavela, Raja Linnaeus [C.] 1758:232 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Naples, Italy, Mediterranean Sea [original: "in Mari Mediterraneo"]. No types known. Originally based on at least 8 pre-Linnaean sources including Artedi 1738:71 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:100 [ref. 30349] as Raja corpore glabro, aculeis sæpe duobus postice serratis in cauda apterygia; Colonna 1616:4, Pl. on p. ii (lower fig.) [ref. 30582] as Pastinaca marina altera, altavela dicta, Willughby 1686:65 [ref. 30164] and Ray 1713:24 [ref. 30231] as Pastinaca marina altera. •Valid as Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:72 [ref. 7167], McEachran & Capapé in Whitehead et al. 1984:204 [ref. 13675], Robins & Ray 1986:42 [ref. 23100], Capapé 1987:22 [ref. 39326], McEachran & Séret 1990:64 [ref. 19318], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Cervigón 1992:200 [ref. 23827], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:53 [ref. 22793], Murdy et al. 1997:42 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:186 [ref. 23897], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Menni & Stehmann 2000:92 [ref. 24909], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:26 [ref. 26753], Gomes & Gadig in Menezes et al. 2003:30 [ref. 27192], McEachran & Carvalho 2003:577 [ref. 26985], Dulĉić et al. 2003:871 [ref. 27138], Nelson et al. 2004:57 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:15 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:20 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:22 [ref. 30517], Fricke 2008:13 [ref. 30182], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:766 [ref. 31278], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:15 [ref. 36649], Page et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:40 [ref. 33547], Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:141 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:142 [ref. 34211], Séret 2016:1422 [ref. 34545], Yokota et al. 2016:512 [ref. 35009], Nión et al. 2016:23 [ref. 35565], Biscoito et al. 2018:482 [ref. 37562], Spier et al. 2018:5 [ref. 36103], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:166 [ref. 37302], Carneiro et al. 2019:50 [ref. 37250], Ehemann et al. 2019:[7] [ref. 36861], Ribeiro et al. 2019:9 [ref. 36717], Reiner 2019:48 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:22 [ref. 37515], Iglésias et al. 2020:289 [ref. 37987], Kovačić et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37519], Serena et al. 2020:502 [ref. 37963], Araujo & Gomes 2021:28 [ref. 39130], Arroyo Martínez 2021:72 [ref. 38962], Giovos et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38895], Golani 2021:12 [ref. 38303], Moreno Mendoza et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38868], Kovačić et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39014], Bañón & Mano 2022:17 [ref. 40121], Barone et al. 2022:61 [ref. 39527], Fermon et al. 2022:108 [ref. 39448], Balàka et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40410], Carvalho-Filho 2023:322 [ref. 40480] as aff. altavela, Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704], Grech & Masala in Grech et al. 2023:399 [ref. 40778], Page et al. 2023:47 [ref. 40505], Shakman et al. 2023:463 [ref. 40810], Ehemann et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41359], Gadig et al. 2024:73 [ref. 40775]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Argentina; Mediterranean Sea; Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: Spain south to Angola, including Madeira, Canary Islands and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

altavela, Trygon Lowe [R. T.] 1839:92 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Based in part on same source as Linnaeus' altavela, but apparently independent; one specimen. Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

annulata, Pteroplatea Swainson [W.] 1839:319 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Based on Russ. i. pl. 6 -- which is Russell 1803:Pl. 6 [ref. 13862]. •Synonym of Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804) -- (Muktha et al. 2016:[3] [ref. 34680]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804). Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

australis, Pteroplatea Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.] 1886:575 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 10 (pt 4); ref. 18597] Cape Hawke (32°21'S, 152°57'E), New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS A.9357. Appeared first as name only in Ogilby 1885:466 [ref. 14458]. Lectotype [but qualifies as the holotype] designated by Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:11 [ref. 30470] assuming more than one specimen was included originally. •Valid as Gymnura australis (Ramsay & Ogilby 1886) -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:28 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:45 [ref. 12442], Last & Stevens 1994:443 [ref. 23873], Allen 1997:48 [ref. 23977], Compagno & Last 1999:1508 [ref. 24637], Johnson 1999:718 [ref. 25471], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Hutchins 2001:16 [ref. 25847], Compagno et al. 2005:77 [ref. 29145], Paxton et al. 2006:204 [ref. 28995], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:11 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:766 [ref. 31278], Larson et al. 2013:21 [ref. 32988], Weigmann 2016:142 [ref. 34211], Yokota et al. 2016:513 [ref. 35009], White et al. 2017:224 [ref. 35860], White & Ko'ou 2018:52 [ref. 35922], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:44 [ref. 41223], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura australis (Ramsay & Ogilby 1886). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, Western Pacific: northern Australia and southern coast of New Guinea and West Papua. Habitat: marine.

bimaculata, Pteroplatea Norman [J. R.] 1925:270 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 9) v. 16 (no. 92) (art. 37); ref. 15556] Yenting, Chekiang Province, China. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1925.4.23.3. •Valid as Gymnura bimaculata (Norman 1925) -- (Stehmann 1974:89 [ref. 21659], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:583 [ref. 25122], Schwartz 2008:38 [ref. 36773]). •Synonym of Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524] with question, Last & Yearsley 2016:5 [ref. 34940], Weigmann 2016:143 [ref. 34211]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

binotata, Pteroplatea Lunel [G.] 1879:423, Pl. [Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 21536] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MHNG 1213.89. Type catalog: Mahnert 1976:472 [ref. 21535], Weber 1998:5 [ref. 32707]. •Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Stehmann 1974:84 [ref. 21659], Menni & Stehmann 2000:92 [ref. 24909], Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758). Gymnuridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

campaniformis, Raia (Trygonobatus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:112 [= 120] [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Not available, name only. Nomen Nudum. Gymnuridae.

canariensis, Pteroplatea Valenciennes [A.] 1843:[100], Pl. 23 (fig. 1) [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Canary Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8707 (dry, poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1939:88 [ref. 20739], Séret & McEachran 1987:23 [ref. 9312]. Dates to Pl. 23 in 1843, p. 100 published in 1844. •Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:72 [ref. 7167], McEachran & Séret 1990:64 [ref. 19318], Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758). Gymnuridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

crebripunctata, Pteroplatea Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1869:703 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1869; ref. 14098] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico (purchased). Holotype (unique): ZMB 7068. Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988:179 [ref. 21041]. •Synonym [male] of Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1863) -- (authors). •Valid as Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters 1869) -- (McEachran in Fischer et al. 1995:758 [ref. 22829], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:53 [ref. 22793], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:35 [ref. 24545], Cota-Gómez et al. 1998:103 [ref. 24503], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:65 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Nelson et al. 2004:57 [ref. 27807], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:762 [ref. 31278], Page et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32708], Weigmann 2016:142 [ref. 34211] see remarks, Yokota et al. 2016:514 [ref. 35009], Ehemann et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36194], Calle-Morán et al. 2020:247 [ref. 37881], González-Acosta et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38361], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704], Page et al. 2023:47 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:74 [ref. 40816], Ehemann et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41359], Fricke et al. 2024:101 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters 1869). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern Gulf of California south to Oaxaca (Mexico). IUCN (2019): Near Threatened. Habitat: marine.

crooki, Gymnura Fowler [H. W.] 1934:241, Fig. 6 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 85 (for 1933); ref. 1416] Kowloon, China. Holotype: USNM 93388 (not 6830). •Synonym of Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804) -- (Last & Yearsley 2016:5 [ref. 34940], Muktha et al. 2016:[3] [ref. 34680], Weigmann 2016:143 [ref. 34211] see remarks). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804). Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

ellioti, Phanerocephalus Gratzianov [V. I.] 1906:404 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 30 (no. 13/14); ref. 1869] Madras, India. Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

hirundo, Pteroplatea Lowe [R. T.] 1843:94 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1843 (pt 11); ref. 2832] Off Madeira. No types known. •Doubtful species, genus Gymnura -- (Kreft & Stehmann 1973:73 [ref. 7167]). •Questionably valid as Gymnura hirundo (Lowe 1843) -- (Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Weigmann 2016:142 [ref. 34211] see remarks, Séret 2016:1346 [ref. 34545], Carneiro et al. 2019:50 [ref. 37250]). •Valid as Gymnura hirundo (Lowe 1843) -- (McEachran & Séret 1990:65 [ref. 19318], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Biscoito et al. 2018:486 [ref. 37562]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura hirundo (Lowe 1843). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Madeira; possibly Azores. Habitat: marine.

hormosensis, Gymnura Vossoughi [G. H.] & Vosoughi [A. R.] 1999:304, Fig. 2 [Indian Journal of Fisheries v. 46 (no. 3); ref. 25467] Strait of Hormuz, northwestern Indian Ocean •Not available, treated as valid with uncertainty when described. •In the synonymy of Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804) -- (Eagderi et al. 2019:11 [ref. 37020]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804). Gymnuridae.

japonica, Pteroplatea Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1850:309, Pl. 141 [Fauna Japonica Last part (15); ref. 4375] Nagasaki Bay, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D2479 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D2478, D2480-2481 and D2484 (4, stuffed), 4252a-c (3); ZMB 4650 (1, dry). Type catalog: Paepke & Schmidt 1988:179 [ref. 21041], Paepke 2001:330 [ref. 25566]. Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:227 [ref. 12876]. •Valid as Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:16 [ref. 6441], Compagno 1986:138 [ref. 5648], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Cheng & Zhou 1997:55 [ref. 26385], Senou & Masuda 1998:7 [ref. 24388], Compagno & Last 1999:1509 [ref. 24637], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Nakabo 2000:183 [ref. 25086], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:583 [ref. 25122], Wang et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26566] dated 1805 [sic], Nakabo 2002:183 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:73, 486 [ref. 26218], Sujatha 2002:157 [ref. 26899], Khan 2003:6 [ref. 27710] with author as Schlegel, Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:766 [ref. 31278], Yamashita et al. 2012:136 [ref. 32408], Ebert et al. 2013:365 [ref. 33045], Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524], Weigmann 2016:143 [ref. 34211], Yokota et al. 2016:515 [ref. 35009], Kim et al. 2020:49 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:14 [ref. 37637], Kim et al. 2022:32 [ref. 39226], Balisco et al. 2023:5 [ref. 39932], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: Palawan (Philippines) and China north to southern Korea and Japan. Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Pteroplatea Gray [J. E.] 1851:122 [List of the specimens of fish in the collection of the British Museum.; ref. 4939] Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing under Dasyatis micrura; specimen from China. Nomen Nudum. Gymnuridae.

jordani, Pteroplatea Chu [Y.-T.] 1930:357, Pl. [The China Journal v. 12 (no. 6); ref. 16076] China. Syntypes: (1) Ningpo fishmarket, (2) East China Sea. •Synonym of Gymnura bimaculata (Norman 1925) -- (Stehmann 1974:89 [ref. 21659]). •Synonym of Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel 1850) -- (Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524] with question). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

kunsua, Pastinaca Cuvier [G.] 1829:400 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] No types known. Available from footnote as, "P. kunsua, N., Tenkee kunsu, Russel, I, 6." Also appeared in Cuvier 1831:294 [ref. 30376]. •Synonym of Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804) -- (Muktha et al. 2016:[2] [ref. 34680] as kunsa). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804). Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

lessae, Gymnura Yokota [L.] & Carvalho [M. R. de] 2017:20, Figs. many [Zootaxa 4332 (no. 1); ref. 35853] North Carolina, Beaufort. Holotype: USNM 51940. Paratypes: USNM. •Valid as Gymnura lessae Yokota & Carvalho 2017 -- (Ehemann et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36194], Jones et al. 2020:297 [ref. 37610], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704], Page et al. 2023:47 [ref. 40505], Ehemann et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41359], Fricke et al. 2024:101 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura lessae Yokota & Carvalho 2017. Gymnuridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Virginia south to Florida (U.S.A.), including Gulf of Mexico and northern Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

maclura, Raja Lesueur [C. A.] 1817:41, Pl. [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 1, no. 3) (1 July); ref. 17511] Newport, Rhode Island, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:72 [ref. 7167], Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758). Gymnuridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

marmorata, Pteroplatea Cooper [J. G.] 1864:112, Fig. 25 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 3 (sigs. 7-8); ref. 4877] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): [ex Calif. State Coll. 674]. •Valid as Pteroplatea marmorata Cooper 1864 -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:23 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1864) -- (Castro-Aguirre 1965:242 [ref. 41098], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:56 [ref. 9277], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Allen & Robertson 1994:36 [ref. 22193], McEachran in Fischer et al. 1995:758 [ref. 22829], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:54 [ref. 22793], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:36 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:62 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:64 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Nelson et al. 2004:57 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:14 [ref. 37547], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:762 [ref. 31278], Page et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:143 [ref. 34871], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:131 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:143 [ref. 34211], Yokota et al. 2016:516 [ref. 35009], Kells et al. 2016:86 [ref. 35888], Ebert et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35618], Ehemann et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36194], Calle-Morán et al. 2020:247 [ref. 37881], González-Acosta et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38361], Love et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39279], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704], Page et al. 2023:47 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40981], Ehemann et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41359], Fricke et al. 2024:101 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1864). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico), including Gulf of California (Mexico). Records from southern Mexico to Peru probably based on misidentifications. IUCN (2020): Near Threatened. Habitat: brackish, marine.

micrura, Raja Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:360 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Suriname, 6°20'45"N, 54°56'30"W, depth 0-26 meters. Neotype: USNM 156714. Neotype designated by Yokota & Carvalho 2017:7 [ref. 35853]. •Valid as Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Castro-Aguirre 1965:241 [ref. 41098], Uyeno & Miyake in Uyeno et al. 1983:85 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:42 [ref. 23100], McEachran & Séret 1990:65 [ref. 19318], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Boschung 1992:27 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:201 [ref. 23827], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:53 [ref. 22793], Murdy et al. 1997:43 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:187 [ref. 23897], Cervigón & Alcalá 1999:192 [ref. 24490], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:64 [ref. 24550], Compagno & Last 1999:1509 [ref. 24637] as cf. micrura, Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Menni & Stehmann 2000:92 [ref. 24909], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:583 [ref. 25122] as cf. micrura, Camargo & Isaac 2001:144 [ref. 27639], Gomes & Gadig in Menezes et al. 2003:30 [ref. 27192], McEachran & Carvalho 2003:577 [ref. 26985], Nelson et al. 2004:57 [ref. 27807], Compagno et al. 2005:76 [ref. 29145] as cf. micrura, Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470] as cf. micura, Smith et al. 2009:762 [ref. 31278], Page et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32708], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:131 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:143 [ref. 34211], Séret 2016:1423 [ref. 34545], Yokota et al. 2016:517 [ref. 35009], Yokota & Carvalho 2017:6 [ref. 35853], Almeida & Biscoito 2019:165 [ref. 37302], Ehemann et al. 2019:[7] [ref. 36861], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 4 [ref. 38321], Haroon & Kibria 2021:120 [ref. 39241] misidentified, Blanco-Parra & Niño-Torres 2022:Correction, p. 5 [ref. 38986], Kachhi et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39424] misidentified, Carvalho-Filho 2023:322 [ref. 40480], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704], Ehemann et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41359]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura micrura (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Venezuela south to São Paulo (Brazil), including western and southern Caribbean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Senegal south to Angola. IUCN (2021): Near Threatened. Habitat: brackish, marine.

natalensis, Pteroplatea Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.] 1911:56 [Annals of the South African Museum v. 11 (pt 2); ref. 14790] Off Cape Natal, West by North for 6.5 miles, South Africa, Pieter Faure station 10753. Holotype (unique): SAM 10632. •Valid as Gymnura natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson 1911) -- (Compagno 1986:138 [ref. 5648], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:97 [ref. 25472], Vossoughi & Vosoughi 1999:305 [ref. 25467], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:85 [ref. 28072], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Weigmann 2016:143 [ref. 34211] see remarks, Yokota et al. 2016:518 [ref. 35009], Ebert et al. 2021:97 [ref. 38234], Human et al. 2022:617 [ref. 39675], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704], Leeney 2024:89 [ref. 40985]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura natalensis (Gilchrist & Thompson 1911). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic, southwestern Indian Ocean: Namibia south to Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), then north to southern Mozambique. Habitat: marine.

poecilura, Raja Shaw [G.] 1804:291 [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal, India [Vizagapatam, India]. Neotype: CMFRI GB.10.4.2.6. Based on Russell 1803: Pl. 6. Neotype designated by Muktha et al. 2016:1088 [ref. 34680]. •Valid as Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804) -- (Dor 1984:18 [ref. 29757], Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:16 [ref. 6441], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Goren & Dor 1994:5 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:48 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:80 [ref. 27969], Morón et al. 1999:150 [ref. 24253], Compagno & Last 1999:1510 [ref. 24637], Vossoughi & Vosoughi 1999:305 [ref. 25467], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Nakabo 2000:183 [ref. 25086], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:583 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:96 [ref. 26368], Nakabo 2002:183 [ref. 26001], Sujatha 2002:157 [ref. 26899], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S94 [ref. 27377], Khan 2003:6 [ref. 27710], Bonfil & Abdallah 2004:52 [ref. 27735], Compagno et al. 2005:77 [ref. 29145], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:765 [ref. 31278], Last el al. 2010:238 [ref. 32461], Naylor et al. 2012:85 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Psomadakis et al. 2015:105 [ref. 34104], Weigmann 2016:143 [ref. 34211], Muktha et al. 2016:1086 [ref. 34680], Yokota et al. 2016:519 [ref. 35009], Ali et al. 2018:305 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:27 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:17 [ref. 36273], Jawad et al. 2018:99 [ref. 36262] as G. poecilura s.l., Kumar et al. 2018:297 [ref. 36178], Eagderi et al. 2019:11 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 4 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:204 [ref. 37272], Haroon & Kibria 2021:121 [ref. 39241], Taki et al. 2021:39 [ref. 39830], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:44 [ref. 41223], Hsu et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39567], Human et al. 2022:618 [ref. 39675], Kachhi et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39424], Zajonz et al. 2022:29 [ref. 40522], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura poecilura (Shaw 1804). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines and Society Islands, north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

rava, Pteroplatea Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] in Jordan 1895:390 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Astillero at Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 11587 [not 1587]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:10-11 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Gymnura crebripunctata (Peters 1869) -- (Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:53 [ref. 22793], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:65 [ref. 24550]). •Synonym of Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1864) -- (Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:131 [ref. 34398], Fricke et al. 2024:101 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1864). Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

schlegeli, Pteroplatea Bleeker [P.] 1863:138 [Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde v. 1; ref. 396] Amoy, China. Holotype (unique): RMNH 4253. •Synonym of Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura japonica (Temminck & Schlegel 1850). Gymnuridae. Habitat: marine.

sereti, Gymnura Yokota [L.] & Carvalho [M. R. de] 2017:35, Figs. many [Zootaxa 4332 (no. 1); ref. 35853] Liberia, off St. Paul River, depth 7-13 meters. Holotype: USNM 193741. Paratypes: MNHN, USNM. •Valid as Gymnura sereti Yokota & Carvalho 2017 -- (Reiner 2019:49 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:108 [ref. 39448], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura sereti Yokota & Carvalho 2017. Gymnuridae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Liberia south to Gabon; São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

tentaculata, Aetoplatea Valenciennes [A.] in Müller & Henle 1841:175 [Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen; ref. 3069] Red Sea. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-2330. Paralectotypes: (4) MNHN 0000-2329 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1939:88 [ref. 20739], Séret & McEachran 1987:23 [ref. 9312]. Appeared as Aëtoplatea tentaculata. Lectotype established by Dor 1984:224 [ref. 29757] if not designated earlier. Authorship changed to Valenciennes 1841 -- Jones et al. 2015:570 [ref. 34086]. •Valid as Aetoplatea tentaculata Valenciennes 1841 -- (Vossoughi & Vosoughi 1999:305 [ref. 25467], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S94 [ref. 27377]). •Valid as Gymnura tentaculata (Valenciennes 1841) -- (Goren & Dor 1994:5 [ref. 25356], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Golani & Bogorodsky 2010:58 [ref. 35264] with authorship as Müller & Henle, Weigmann 2016:144 [ref. 34211] with authorship as Müller & Henle, Yokota et al. 2016:520 [ref. 35009] with authorship as Müller & Henle, Golani & Fricke 2018:17 [ref. 36273], Rezaie-Atagholipour & Jabado 2021:489 [ref. 38543], Human et al. 2022:618 [ref. 39675], Rezaie-Atagholipour et al. 2023:3 [ref. 39990], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura tentaculata (Valenciennes 1841). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Red Sea; northern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to western Bay of Bengal (eastern India). Habitat: marine.

transversus, Raia (Trygonobatus) Blainville [H. de] 1816:112 [= 120] [Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomathique de Paris v. 8; ref. 306] Not available, name only. Nomen Nudum. Gymnuridae.

vaillantii, Pteroplatea Rochebrune [A. T. de] 1880:159 [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 4; ref. 3790] Barra, Gambia. No types known. Type catalog: Séret & McEachran 1987:34 [ref. 9312]. •Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:72 [ref. 7167], McEachran & Séret 1990:64 [ref. 19318], Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758). Gymnuridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

valenciennii, Pteroplatea Duméril [A. H. A.] 1865:612 [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 1; ref. 1150] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-2324. Type catalog: Bertin 1939:88 [ref. 20739], Séret & McEachran 1987:23 [ref. 9312]. •Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Krefft & Stehmann 1973:72 [ref. 7167], Stehmann 1974:84 [ref. 21659], Dyldin 2015:75 [ref. 34524]). Current status: Synonym of Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus 1758). Gymnuridae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

zonurus, Aetoplatea Bleeker [P.] 1852:79 [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 24 (art. 12); ref. 333] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1867.11.28.163 (1, poor condition). The species name zonurus is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Aetoplatea zonurus Bleeker 1852 -- (Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Compagno et al. 2005:76 [ref. 29145]). •Valid as Aetoplatea zonura Bleeker 1852 -- (Chen et al. 1997:10 [ref. 26476], Compagno & Last 1999:1508 [ref. 24637], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Compagno in Randall & Lim 2000:583 [ref. 25122], Schwartz 2008:38 [ref. 36773], Smith et al. 2009:766, 778 [ref. 31278] but assignment to Gymnura is supported). •Valid as Gymnura zonura (Bleeker 1852) -- (Yokota et al. 2016:520 [ref. 35009], Kumar et al. 2018:297 [ref. 36178], Psomadakis et al. 2020:204 [ref. 37272], Kumar et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38260], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:45 [ref. 41223] as cf. zonura, Human et al. 2022:619 [ref. 39675], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704]). •Valid as Gymnura zonurus (Bleeker 1852) -- (Mohsin & Ambak 1996:81 [ref. 27969], Sujatha 2002:157 [ref. 26899], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Last el al. 2010:240 [ref. 32461], Naylor et al. 2012:86 [ref. 32267] see remarks, Ebert et al. 2013:365 [ref. 33045], Weigmann 2016:144 [ref. 34211]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura zonurus (Bleeker 1852). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India and Andaman Islands east to Philippines, north to Taiwan. Habitat: marine.