Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Nemacheilidae: [ 1021 ] records

abdolii, Paraschistura Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2015:19, Figs. 19-23 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Kerman Province, Pol River at road between Rayen and Jiroft, Lut Basin, 29°21'06"N, 57°29'09"E, Iran. Holotype: ZM-CBSU J3904. Paratypes: ZM-CBSU J3095 (31), FSJF 2230 (32). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paraschistura abdolii Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger 2015 -- (Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015:299 [ref. 34027], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:887 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:49 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:579 [ref. 36833], Eagderi et al. 2019:265 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:188 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:97 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura abdolii Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Kol, Hamun-e Jaz Murian and Sirjan basins (Kerman, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

abrishamchiani, Paracobitis Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vatandoust [S.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2019:377, Figs. 3-8 [Zootaxa 4545 (no. 3); ref. 36466] Tributary of Babol River, upstream of Lafour reservoir, near Galeshkola, Mazandaran province, Iran, 36°12'33"N, 52°46'16"E. Holotype: VMFC PCAB-H. Paratypes: VMFC. Plus additional non-type material. Name after father and son Abrishamchian, so the correct species epithet would be abrishamchianorum, not to be corrected according to ICZN. •Valid as Paracobitis abrishamchiani Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Geiger & Freyhof 2019 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:179 [ref. 37983] as abrishamchianorum, Çiçek et al. 2024:93 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paracobitis abrishamchiani Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Geiger & Freyhof 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Tajan, Siah, Talar, Babol, Haraz and Kashpal Rivers, southern Caspian Sea basin (northern Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

absumbra, Physoschistura Endruweit [M.] 2017:379, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4263 (no. 2); ref. 35305] Nangunhe River, Banlao town, Cangyuan City, Lincang Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, 23°10.932'N, 98°56.575'E, elevation 523 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2014006018. Paratypes: KIZ, ZFMK. •Valid as Physoschistura absumbra Endruweit 2017 -- (Das & Darshan 2017:412 [ref. 35638]). •Valid as Schistura absumbra (Endruweit 2017) -- (Kottelat 2018:306 [ref. 36206]). Current status: Valid as Schistura absumbra (Endruweit 2017). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Salween basin, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

abutwebi, Paracanthocobitis Singer [R. A.] & Page [L. M.] 2015:382, Fig. 8 [Copeia v. 103 (no 2); ref. 33823] Meghna basin, Sylhet, Rangapani Khal (creek), 6.4 km NNW Jaintiapur on Sylhet-Shillong Highway, Bangladesh, 25.14N, 92.056E. Holotype: UMMZ 249907. Paratypes: NIFI, UF, UMMZ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paracanthocobitis abutwebi Singer & Page 2015. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis abutwebi Singer & Page 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Meghna River, Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

abyssinicus, Nemachilus Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:437 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 10 (no. 60) (art. 59); ref. 14852] Bahardar, Lake Tsana, Ethiopia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1902.12.13.435. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemachilus abyssinicus Boulenger 1902 -- (Roberts 1984:343 [ref. 6182], Poll & Gosse 1995:95 [ref. 24781], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:458 [ref. 23187] but generic placement uncertain). •Valid as Afronemacheilus abyssinicus (Boulenger 1902) dated in error as 1901 -- (Prokofiev 2009:881 [ref. 30604], Kottelat 2012:76 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev & Golubtsov 2013:3 [ref. 32805], Prokofiev 2017:230 [ref. 35630]). Current status: Valid as Afronemacheilus abyssinicus (Boulenger 1902). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Tana and Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. Habitat: freshwater.

acridorsalis, Oreonectes Lan [J.] in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan 2013:(68) 252, Figs. 50-51 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Cave in Bamu Town (The Hongshui River), Tian'e County, 24.9°N, 107.2°E, Guangxi, China, elevation 286 meters. Holotype: CLJH 04100608. Paratypes: CLJH 04100607, 94100609, 04100610, 12020001 (1 spec. each). •Valid as Oreonectes acridorsalis Lan 2013 -- (Deng et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34936], Liu et al. 2019:404 [ref. 36573]). •Valid as Troglonectes acridorsalis (Lan 2013) -- (Zhang et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34477], Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385]). •Valid as Karstsinnectes acridorsalis (Lan 2013) -- (Luo et al. 2023:696 [ref. 40042], Zhao et al. 2024:112 [ref. 41034], Ge et al. 2024:665 [ref. 41168]). Current status: Valid as Karstsinnectes acridorsalis (Lan 2013). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: subterranean river in Bamu Township, Hongshuihe River drainage, Guangxi (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

acuticephala, Paracobitis Zhou [W.] & He [J.-C.] 1993:5 [English p. 9], Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 14 (no. 1); ref. 21971] Haixihai near Niujie, Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: MZYU 784141. Paratypes: (7); one at KIZ 784141. Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:350 [ref. 32939]. Species sometimes dated to 1992. •Valid as Paracobitis acuticephala Zhou & He 1993 -- (Min et al. 2010:202 [ref. 30726] as acuticephalus). •Valid as Homatula acuticephala (Zhou & He 1993) -- (Hu & Zhang 2010:52 [ref. 30780], Gu & Zhang 2012:xx [ref. 31632], Min et al. 2012:313 [ref. 32341], Min et al. 2012:81 [ref. 32392], Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:128 [ref. 34477], Endruweit et al. 2018:565 [ref. 35763], Li et al. 2019:346 [ref. 37175], Zhou et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38386], Nguyen et al. 2021:9 [ref. 38733], Min et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39113], Li et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39800]). Current status: Valid as Homatula acuticephala (Zhou & He 1993). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Mekong River basin, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Vulnerable. Habitat: freshwater.

acuticephalus, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1929:328, Pl. 14 (figs. 5-6) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 31 (pt 4); ref. 15899] Hwe-gna-sang River, Pazi Township, Monglong subdivision, Hsipaw State, northern Shan States, Myanmar. Holotype: ZSI F6675/1. Paratypes: ZSI (4). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:121 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:363 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus acuticephalus Hora 1929 -- (Menon 1987:132 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:468 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Schistura acuticephalus (Hora 1929) -- (Kottelat 1990:97 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:440 [ref. 23187], Ou et al. 2011:197 [ref. 31692]). •Valid as Schistura acuticephala (Hora 1929) -- (Kottelat 2012:104 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:574 [ref. 32971], Kottelat 2013:204 [ref. 32989], Shangningam et al. 2014:189 [ref. 33318], Endruweit 2014:360 [ref. 33494] questioning generic placement, Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] [ref. 33603]). Current status: Valid as Schistura acuticephala (Hora 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Myanmar and Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

adelaideae, Paracanthocobitis Singer [R. A.] & Page [L. M.] 2015:384, Fig. 9 [Copeia v. 103 (no 2); ref. 33823] Irrawaddy basin, Kha Wan, Kha Wan stream, Myanmar, 25.086N, 96.97E. Holotype: USNM 378387. Paratypes: UF, USNM. •Valid as Paracanthocobitis adelaideae Singer & Page 2015 -- (Bleher 2018:186 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis adelaideae Singer & Page 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

afasciata, Schistura Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.] in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu 1981:119, Figs. 35-39 [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Havelian on the Dor River, northern Pakistan. Holotype (unique): ISBB 3368. •Synonym of Nemacheilus arifi (Mirza & Bănărescu 1981) -- (Menon 1987:68 [ref. 14149] but as Noemacheilus arafi, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:470 [ref. 20764] as arafi). •Valid as Schistura afasciata Mirza & Bănărescu 1981 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:441 [ref. 23187], Kullander et al. 1999:153 [ref. 23689], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:13 [ref. 27265], Kottelat 2012:104 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Schistura afasciata Mirza & Bănărescu 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

afghana, Nemachilus griffithii var. Hora [S. L.] 1935:799, Fig. 4c [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 37 (pt 4); ref. 13887] Chahiltran Stream, tributary of Kabul River, West Kabul City, Afghanistan. Holotype: ZSI F11525/1. Paratypes: ZSI F11526/1 (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:122 [ref. 20743], Menon 1987:206 [ref. 14149]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus griffithii Günther 1868 -- (Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Triplophysa griffithii (Günther 1868) -- (Menon 1987:204 [ref. 14149], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:511 [ref. 20764]). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel 1838) -- (Kullander et al. 1999:139 [ref. 23689], Kottelat 2012:128 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa marmorata (Heckel 1838). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

afrenatus, Nemachilus frenatus Battalgil [F.] 1941:183 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Small creek at Diyarbakir, tributary of the Tigris River, Turkey. No types known. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus frenatus (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies afrenatus (Battagil 1941 [or 1942]) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Freyhof et al. 2012:308 [ref. 31752]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367], Freyhof et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35290]). •Possibly valid as Oxynoemacheilus afrenatus (Battalgil 1941) -- (Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili 2020:203 [ref. 37967]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus afrenatus (Battalgil 1941) -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:341 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:62 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus afrenatus (Battalgil 1941). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Tigris River system (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

ahmeti, Seminemacheilus Sungur [S.], Jalili [P.], Eagderi [S.] & Çiçek [E.] 2018:467, Figs. 1-4, 5b, 6b, 7b [FishTaxa v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 35977] Sultan Marshes near Yeşilova Village, Kızılırmak Basin, Kayseri Province, Turkey, 38°12'05.26"N, 35°13'19.76"E. Holotype: NHVUIC 2017-06-17. Paratypes: IMNRFI-UT, NHVUIC. •Valid as Seminemacheilus ahmeti Sungur, Jalili, Eagderi & Çiçek 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:20 [ref. 36267], Çiçek 2020:75 [ref. 37402], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:246 [ref. 37644], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2020:485 [ref. 37604], Çiçek et al. 2023:355 [ref. 40625], Sungur et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40403], Çiçek et al. 2024:105 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Seminemacheilus ahmeti Sungur, Jalili, Eagderi & Çiçek 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sultan Marshes, Kızılırmak Basin, Kayseri Province, central Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

aizawlensis, Schistura Lalramliana [no initials] 2012:98, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 32294] Mizoram, Muthi River, a tributary of Tuirial River in vicinity of Zembawk, Aizawl, l3°44'54"N, 62°45'27, India. Holotype: PUCMF 11026. Paratypes: PUCMF. Awaiting original. •Valid as Schistura aizawlensis Lalramliana 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:25 [ref. 32804], Lalronunga et al. 2013:589 [ref. 32927], Solo et al. 2014:258 [ref. 33517], Lalramliana et al. 2014:211 [ref. 33628], Khynrian & Sen 2014:14 [ref. 33853]). Current status: Valid as Schistura aizawlensis Lalramliana 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mizoram, northeastern India. Habitat: freshwater.

ajmonis, Nemachilus Di Caporiacco [L.] 1933:342, Fig. [Monitore Zoologico Italiano v. 44 (11-12); ref. 21832] Sonamarg and Baltal, Sind River Valley, Kashmir, elevation 2800 meters. Syntypes: (2) MZUF 5558 (1). Type catalog: Vanni 1991:221 [ref. 20099]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora 1922) -- (Kullander et al. 1999:143 [ref. 23689]). • Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Questionably a synonym of Indotriplophys yasinensis (Alcock 1898) -- (Kottelat 2012:86 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa yasinensis (Alcock 1898). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

akhtari, Nemachilus Lakshmanan [M. A. V.] 1950:219, Fig. 1 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 47 (pt 2); ref. 12811] Helmand River, Afghanistan. Holotype: ZSI F244/2. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:121 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Status uncertain, possibly a synonym of Nemacheilus griffithii (Günther 1868) -- (see Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348] and Coad 1995:21, 22 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Zhu 1989:114 [ref. 17744] as stoliczae, Wu & Wu 1992:212 [ref. 21205] as stoliczkae). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061] as stoliczkae, Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Questionably valid as Triplophysa akhtari (Lakshmanan 1950) -- (Kottelat 2012:122 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Triplophysa akhtari (Lakshmanan 1950) -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa akhtari (Lakshmanan 1950). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Helmand River (Afghanistan) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

alasanicus, Nemacheilus angorae Elanidze [R. F.] 1983 [Ichthyofauna of Georgia [Eurasia]; ref. 31784] Upper reaches of Alazani River at Alvani village, left bank tributary of the Kura River, Georgia (Eurasia). No types known. Without author; authorship attributed to the book author as this is the only taxon in the book without an author. Original description not seen. •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:308 [ref. 31752]). •Synonym of Oxymoemacheilus lenkoranensis (Abdurakhmanov 1962) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391] but may be a different species, Kottelat 2012:98 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis (Abdurakhmanov 1962) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:173 [ref. 37983]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus bergi (Gratzianov 1907) -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:233 [ref. 36249], Freyhof et al. 2021:142 [ref. 38237], Çiçek et al. 2024:66 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus bergi (Gratzianov 1907). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

albirostris, Schistura Chen [X.-Y.] & Neely [D. A.] 2012:222, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32332] Longchuanjiang near Shuang Zhu Yuang village, approximately 3 km upstream of Qiao Tou village, Jie Tou township, Tengchong County, Yunnan, China, 25°30'11"N, 98°39'15", elevation 1573 meters. Holotype: KIZ 20060415122. Paratypes: CAS 224427 (1), 224631 (12); KIZ 2006041523 (1), Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:352 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Schistura albirostris Chen & Neely 2012 -- (Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:25 [ref. 32804], Kottelat 2013:204 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:131 [ref. 34477], Endruweit 2017:399 [ref. 35191], Chen et al. 2020:100 [ref. 38014]). Current status: Valid as Schistura albirostris Chen & Neely 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Irrawaddy River drainage, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

albisella, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2017:692, Figs. 1-6 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35677] Houay Hok, a small creek entering Nam Ngiep, about 3.5 km south of Ban Soppouan on road to Ban Sopyouak, Nam Ngiep drainage, Khon District, Saysomboune Province, Laos, 18°44'57"N, 103°25'28"E, elevation 261 meters. Holotype: MHNG 2768.031. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. •Valid as Schistura albisella Kottelat 2017. Current status: Valid as Schistura albisella Kottelat 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam Ngiep drainage, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

alboguttata, Schistura Cao [L.] & Zhang [E] 2018:127, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4471 (no. 1); ref. 36108] Leli-He, flowing into the You-Jiang of the upper Pearl River basin at Leli Town, Tianlin County, Guangxi Province, South China, about 24°17'44" N, 106°13'33" E, elevation 310 meters. Holotype: IHB 2008050102. Paratypes: IHB. •Valid as Schistura alboguttata Cao & Zhang 2018. Current status: Valid as Schistura alboguttata Cao & Zhang 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

alepidotus, Nemacheilus Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.] in Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1970:55, Fig. 10 [Biologia (Lahore) v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 7761] Madyan River, Swat drainage, Pakistan. Holotype: IBTS 1356. Paratypes: Banarescu priv. coll. (orig. 2 + 2 + 4 + 3 + 4); BMNH 1977.7.5.2 (1); IBTS 1944 (1), 1233 (1); Mirza priv. coll. (1); ZMA 114463-64 (1, 1). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus alepidotus Mirza & Bănărescu 1970 -- (Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Nemacheilus pakistanicus Mirza & Bănărescu 1969 -- (Menon 1987:44 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:493 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Schistura alepidota (Mirza & Bănărescu 1970) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:441 [ref. 23187], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265]). •Valid as Paraschistura alepidota (Mirza & Bănărescu 1970) -- (Prokofiev 2009:892 [ref. 30604], Kottelat 2012:101 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura alepidota (Mirza & Bănărescu 1970). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: eastern Afghanistan and western Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

alexandrae, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2001:203, Figs. 19-24 [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 26613] Sichuan, China [possibly Dadu He River, eastern of Kangding (ca. 30°N, 102°E), Min River basin]. Holotype: ZIN 16335. Paratypes: ZIN 16335a (4). •Valid as Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev 2001 -- (Prokofiev 2006:Engl. 580 [ref. 28811], Kottelat 2012:122 [ref. 32367], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Guo 2021:599 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa alexandrae Prokofiev 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

aliensis, Nemachilus Wu [Y.-F.] & Zhu [S.-Q.] 1979:29, Fig. 9 [Fishes of Ali, Tibet 1979; ref. 8391] Xiang-quan River and Shi-quan River, Indus River system, Tibet, China. Syntypes: NPIB 74.201-244 (44), 74.255 (1). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Triplophysa aliensis (Wu & Zhu 1979) -- (Zhu 1989:116 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:236 [ref. 21205], Zhang et al. 1995:61 [ref. 22734], Zhu 1995:118 [ref. 25213], He et al. 2008:47 [ref. 29558], Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34477], Wang et al. 2024:24 [ref. 40861]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa aliensis (Wu & Zhu 1979). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Himalayan region, Tibet (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

aligera, Malihkaia Kottelat [M.] 2017:85, Figs. 1-5 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35308] Mali Hka River, about 9 km upstream of Kang Mu Lon, Kachin state, Myanmar, 27°25'54"N, 97°27'56"E, elevation 402 meters. Holotype: MHNG 2766.051. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. •Valid as Malihkaia aligera Kottelat 2017. Current status: Valid as Malihkaia aligera Kottelat 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mali Hka River, Kachin state, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

alta, Schistura Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.] 1998:118, Fig. 21 [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] Helmand river drainage, northeast of Girisk, Kajkai, Afghanistan. Holotype: ZMC P 27115. Paratypes: ISBB uncat. (1), ZMC P 27116 (1). •Valid as Schistura alta Nalbant & Bianco 1998 -- (Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Paraschistura alta (Nalbant & Bianco 1998) -- (Freyhof et al. 2015:46 [ref. 33865], Esmaeili et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:50 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:581 [ref. 36833], Eagderi et al. 2019:265 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:189 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2024:98 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura alta (Nalbant & Bianco 1998). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East and South Asia: Helmand River basin (Afghanistan) and Sistan-and-Baluchestan Provinces (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

altayensis, Barbatula Zhu [S.-Q.] 1992:241 [246], Figs. 1-2 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 21064] Kelang He River, trib of the Ertix River, near Altay City, 47°52'N, 88°06'E, Xinjiang, China. Holotype: NIGlAS 888006. Paratypes: NIGLAS 888001-05 (5), 888007 (1), 888009 (1). English description on p. 246. •Valid as Orthrias altayensis (Zhu 1992) -- (Prokofiev 2003:726 [ref. 27494], Prokofiev 2007:14 [ref. 30343]). •Valid as Barbatula altayensis Zhu 1992 -- (Zhu 1995:108 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831], Cao et al. 2012:236 [ref. 32335], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2015:461 [ref. 34065], Zhang et al. 2016:127 [ref. 34477], Prokofiev 2016:396 [ref. 34693], Prokofiev 2018:273 [ref. 35878] as cf. altayensis). Current status: Valid as Barbatula altayensis Zhu 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Altai Mountains (Kazakhstan, Russia, northwestern China). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

alticeps, Nemachilus Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:28, Pl. 6 (fig. 3) [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Fontes Zaidam [Tsaidam or Quaidam] oriental, China. Lectotype: ZIN 7852. Paralectotypes: ZIN 7255 (12, 1 c&s) and 7852 (now 3); BMNH 1891.10.7.32 [ex ZIN 7255] (1). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Lectotype selected by Prokofiev 2006:Engl. 599 [ref. 28811] •Questionably the same as Triplophysa cakaensis Cao & Zhu 1988 -- (Zhu 1989:120 [ref. 17744]). •Valid as Triplophysa alticeps (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Zhu 1989:124 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:261 [ref. 21205], Zhu 1995:119 [ref. 25213], Prokofiev 2006:598 [ref. 28811], Prokofiev 2006:255 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2010:907 [ref. 31096], Zhang et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34477], Feng et al. 2020:468 [ref. 37576]). •Valid as Qinghaichthys alticeps (Herzentstein 1888) -- (Kottelat 2012:103 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa alticeps (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Quaidam and Quighai drainages (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

alticrista, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1990:98, Figs. 68-69 [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Amphoe Khum Huan, Tambon Muang Bon, Huei Nong Heng, Mae La Ka, Mae Hong Son Province, Salween basin, Thailand. Holotype: ZSM 27472 [now ZRC 38469] [ex NIFI 2059]. Paratypes: NIFI 2059 (2), plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Neumann 2011:240 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Schistura alticrista Kottelat 1990 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Freyhof & Serov 2001:158 [ref. 25364], Vishwanath & Shanta 2004:140 [ref. 27862], Zhou & Kottelat 2005:20 [ref. 28350], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2011:5 [ref. 31362], Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:204 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2014:24 [ref. 33197], Kottelat 2023:527 [ref. 40452]). Current status: Valid as Schistura alticrista Kottelat 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: upper Salween River basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

altipedunculatus, Noemacheilus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1968:337, Pl. 1 (fig. 10); Figs. 7-8 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 65; ref. 6554] Mandurli, northern Canara, Kati River drainage, 15°05'N, 74°25'E, northern Karnataka, India. Holotype: ZMH H3618. Paratypes: ZMH H3619 (3). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus denisoni Day 1867 -- (Menon 1987:93 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:477 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Schistura altipedunculata (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187] as altipedunculatus, Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367], Sudasinghe 2017:107 [ref. 35539]). Current status: Valid as Schistura altipedunculata (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1968). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Karnataka, India. Habitat: freshwater.

altipinnis, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2003:63 [English p. 67], Fig. 25 [Estestvennye i Tekhnicheskie Nauki [Natural and Technical Sciences / Естественные и технические науки]. No. 1; ref. 28070] Eastern Quaidam area, China. Holotype: ZIN 12492. Paratypes: ZIN 12492a (5), 12493 (2), 12587 (7). •Valid as Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev 2003 -- (Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa altipinnis Prokofiev 2003. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: eastern Quaidam area (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Yunnanilus Kottelat [M.] & Chu [X.-L.] 1988:72, Fig. 6 [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 23 (nos 1-2); ref. 13392] Stream Xiangshuiho at Haijiashao, 25°40'N, 103°57'E, Zhanyi County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 774630. Paratypes: KIZ 77625-29 (5), 77631-43 (13), 77650-58 (9), 77660-66 (7), 77690-96 (7). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Yunnanilus altus Kottelat & Chu 1988 -- (Yang & Chen 1995:23 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:107 [ref. 25213], Chen et al. 2012:62 [ref. 31907], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Yang in Lan et al. 2013:251 [ref. 32910], Du et al. 2015:253 [ref. 34050], Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Eonemachilus altus (Kottelat & Chu 1988) -- (Du et al. 2021:315 [ref. 38600]). Current status: Valid as Eonemachilus altus (Kottelat & Chu 1988). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

altuscauda, Schistura Chen [M.-F.], Myint [K. M.], Chu [L.] & Chen [X.-Y.] 2020:95, Figs. 10-14 [Zootaxa 4895 (no. 1); ref. 38014] Htin stream, Mindat Town, Chin State, Myanmar, 22°21'31"N, 94°4'28"E, elevation 441 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2018002400. Paratypes: KIZ, SEABRI. •Valid as Schistura altuscauda Chen, Myint, Chu & Chen 2020. Current status: Valid as Schistura altuscauda Chen, Myint, Chu & Chen 2020. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Irrawaddy River drainage, Chin State, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

aluensis, Triplophysa Li [Z.-X.] & Zhu [Z.-G.] 2000:396 [Engl. 398], Fig. 1 [Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Science) v. 22 (no. 5) [2000]; ref. 27938] Underground stream, Alu limestone caves in Luxi County, 24°33'N, 103°45'E, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype (unique): HRS 20000620001. •Valid as Triplophysa aluensis Li & Zhu 2000 -- (Chen & Yang 2005:604 [ref. 28119], Li et al. 2008:676 [ref. 29925], Chen et al. 2009:90 [ref. 30169], Zheng 2009:225 [ref. 30217], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096] as aluuensis, Zhao et al. 2011:1553 [ref. 31493], Yang et al. 2012:170 [ref. 31483], Zheng et al. 2012:835 [ref. 31820], Lin et al. 2012:645 [ref. 32193], Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:111 [ref. 34891], Yang in Lan et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32910], Zhang et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34477], Yang et al. 2016:300 [ref. 34677], Li et al. 2016:[4] [ref. 35021], Liu et al. 2017:844 [ref. 35125], Li et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35551], Wu et al. 2018:73 [ref. 35850], Wu et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35971], Chen et al. 2021:189 [ref. 38191]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa aluensis Li & Zhu 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Nanpan River drainage, upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

amanos, Oxynoemacheilus Kaya [C.], Yoğurtçuoğlu [B.] & Freyhof [J.] 2021:560, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4938 (no. 5); ref. 38174] Spring İncesu at Hassa, Hatay province, Turkey, 36.7935, 36.5135. Holotype: FFR 15582. Paratypes: FFR 1478 (45), FSJF 2273 (32). Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:424 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus amanos Kaya, Yoğurtçuoğlu & Freyhof 2021 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:341 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:62 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus amanos Kaya, Yoğurtçuoğlu & Freyhof 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: spring İncesu at Hassa, northern Orontes basin, Hatay province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

amplizona, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:54, Fig. 24 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam tha at Ban Finho, about 14 kilometers north of Luang Nam Tha, 21°04'44"N, 101°24'09"E, Louangnamtha Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45321. Paratypes: CMK 14266 (5), 14283 (7); LARRI uncat. (3); NRM 44888 (3); ZRC 45322 (3). •Valid as Schistura amplizona Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:101 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:204 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:131 [ref. 34477], Endruweit et al. 2016:599 [ref. 34743], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Schistura amplizona Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia, East Asia: Mekong basin (Laos and China). IUCN (2012): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

amudarjensis, Nemachilus Rass [T. S.] 1929:253, Figs. 1-2 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 83 (nos 9/10) (art. 8); ref. 16055] Amu-Darya River at Termez, Uzbekistan; Tschardschui, Turkestan. Syntypes: (20) ZIN 22042 (2), 20715 (2), 20732 (2); ZMMU P-2554 (14). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:258 [ref. 9011], Vasil'eva et al. 2001:25 [ref. 25714]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus amudarjensis Rass 1929 -- (Berg 1949:881 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus, Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Dzihunia amudarjensis (Rass 1929) -- (Prokofiev 2001:210 [ref. 26612], Prokofiev 2003:57 [ref. 28098], Prokofiev 2009:891 [ref. 30604], Kottelat 2012:82 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2017:265 [ref. 35630], Prokofiev 2017:265 [ref. 35630], Sheraliev & Kayumova 2022:36 [ref. 39437], Çiçek et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40326], Sheraliev & Kayumova 2024:191 [ref. 41652]). Current status: Valid as Dzihunia amudarjensis (Rass 1929). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northern-central Asia: Amu Darya River basin (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan). Habitat: freshwater.

analis, Yunnanilus Yang [J.-X.] in Wu 1990:19, Fig. 14 [The fishes of Yunnan; ref. 20984] Xingyün Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 01402 [KIZ 1960000625]. Paratype: KIZ. Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Yunnanilus analis Yang 1990 -- (Yang 1991:199 [ref. 13585], Zhu 1995:106 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477], Du et al. 2018:143 [ref. 36374], Du et al. 2021:324 [ref. 38600], He et al. 2024:202 [ref. 40917], Qin et al. 2024:752 [ref. 41214]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus analis Yang 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Critically Endangered. Habitat: freshwater.

anambarensis, Noemacheilus Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.] in Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1970:51, Figs. 4-5 [Biologia (Lahore) v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 7761] Anambar River at Loralai, eastern Baluchistan, Pakistan. Holotype: IBTS 1364. Paratypes: IBTS 1942 (4), IBTS 1942 (1), Mirza priv. coll. (orig. 4), ZMA 114459 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:31 [ref. 19236], Menon 1987:68 [ref. 14149]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus baluchiorum Zugmayer 1912 -- (Menon 1987:65 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:471 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Schistura balachiorum [sic] (Zugmayer 1912), but at least subspecifically distinct -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:441 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Schistura anambarensis (Mirza & Bănărescu 1970) -- (Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265], Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Schistura anambarensis (Mirza & Bănărescu 1970). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

anatolica, Oxynemacheilus Erk'akan [F.], Özeren [S. C.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2008:117, Figs. 4-6 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 29859] Input of Karamanli Dam Lake, Burdur, southwestern Turkey. Holotype: HUIC-AKD-13. Paratypes: HUIC-AKD (14 specimens). Original genus should have been Oxynoemacheilus. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008 -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Erk'akan 2012:97 [ref. 32281], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:244 [ref. 37644], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2022:457 [ref. 39236], Çiçek et al. 2023:342 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:63 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus anatolicus Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Burdur River basin and upper Dalaman River basin, Burdur Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

andongensis, Oreonectes Luo [X.-M.], Yang [R.-G.], Du [L.-N.] & Luo [F.-G.] 2024:288, Figs. 2-3 [ZooKeys No. 1196; ref. 40971] Andong Town, Xincheng County, Laibin City, Hongshui River system, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 24°18.57'N, 108°59.61'E, elevation 179 meters. Holotype: GXNU 20220601. Paratypes: GXNU 20220602-10 (9). •Valid as Oreonectes andongensis Luo, Yang, Du & Luo 2024. Current status: Valid as Oreonectes andongensis Luo, Yang, Du & Luo 2024. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: groundwater systems of the Hongshui River drainage, Xijiang River basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

andrewi, Schistura Solo [B.], Lalramliana [no initials], Lalronunga [S.] & Lalnuntluanga [no initials] 2014:254, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 3860 (no. 3); ref. 33517] Mizoram, Mat River, tributary of Kaladan River, 23°20'04'N, 92°50'01'E, India. Holotype: PUCMF 14001. Paratypes: PUCMF 14002 (8), MZUBM/F. 14000-140003 (3). •Valid as Schistura andrewi Solo, Lalramliana, Lalronunga & Lalnuntluanga 2014. Current status: Valid as Schistura andrewi Solo, Lalramliana, Lalronunga & Lalnuntluanga 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mat River, Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

andrewsi, Lefua Fowler [H. W.] 1922:1 [American Museum Novitates No. 38; ref. 15339] Shing Lung Shan, eastern Tombs [now Hebei, Zunhua, ,40°11'N, 117°58'E], Hopeh Province, China. Holotype: AMNH 7974. Paratypes: AMNH 7990 (1). •Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler 1876) -- (Berg 1949:887 [ref. 20661], Zhu 1989:21 [ref. 17744], Vasil'eva 1998:96 [ref. 23591], Choi et al. 2003:178 [ref. 26218], Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

angeli, Nemacheilus Fang [P.-W.] 1941:256 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 13173] Correct is Qingyijiang, China. Holotype: MNHN 0000-6287. Paratypes: MNHN B-2639 [ex MNHN 0000-6287] (10). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:99 [ref. 19574] as syntypes. See Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367] for locality information. •Valid as Triplophysa angeli (Fang 1941) -- (Zhu 1989:105 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:192 [ref. 21205], Ding 1994:78 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:117 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:75 [ref. 23556], Wu & Wang 2009:382 [ref. 30911], Zheng et al. 2010:[8] [ref. 30841], Guo et al. 2012:912 [ref. 32350], Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34477], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665], Zhang et al. 2019:377 [ref. 36699], Guo 2021:551 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa angeli (Fang 1941). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

anglicana, Nemacheilus barbatulus forma Băcescu-Meşter [L.] 1967:369 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 7; ref. 7940] Not available, infrasubspecific (a form after 1960); from Cambridge River, England. •In the synonymy of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

angorae, Nemacheilus Steindachner [F.] 1897:693 [9], Pl. 4 (fig. 4a-c) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 64; ref. 14691] Tabakane-Sir and Tschibuk-Tschai, Turkey. Syntypes: (16) NMW. Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752] •Valid as Orthrias angorae (Steindachner 1897) -- (Bănărescu et al. 1978:256 [ref. 9016], Erk'akan & Kuru 1986:160 [ref. 21167]). •Valid as Nemacheilus angorae Steindachner 1897 -- (Berg 1949:873 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus, Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Gabrielyan 2001:28 [ref. 25867], Fricke et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Barbatula angorae (Steindachner 1897) -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:143 [ref. 28767], Erk'akan et al. 2007:75 [ref. 29026], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604] with subspecies, Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Erk'akan 2012:97 [ref. 32281], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:882 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:103 [ref. 34789], Freyhof 2016:94 [ref. 34815], Esmaeili et al. 2017:62 [ref. 35254], Sungur et al. 2017:379 [ref. 35750], Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2019:16 [ref. 36528], Turan et al. 2019:[6] [ref. 36540], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[14] [ref. 37627], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Saygun et al. 2021:46 [ref. 38525], Seçer et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39570], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2022:458 [ref. 39236], Çiçek et al. 2023:342 [ref. 40625], Turan et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40062], Çiçek et al. 2024:63 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: western and central Anatolian Black Sea basin (Marmara, Susurluk, Sakarya and Kızılırmak River basins) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

anguilla, Nemachilus Annandale [N.] 1919:127, Pls. 1 (fig. 3), 3 (fig. 1) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 16 (pt 1); ref. 15202] Yenna River at Medha, Satara District, Maharashtra (Mumbai Presidency), India. Holotype: ZSI, Kolkatta, F9692/1. Paratypes: ZSI uncat. (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:121 [ref. 20743], Menon 1987:156 [ref. 14149]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:363 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale 1919 -- (Menon 1987:154 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:469 [ref. 20764], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:435 [ref. 23187], Menon 1999:183 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Yadav 2000:41 [ref. 25661], Yadav 2003:16 [ref. 27711], Arunachalam & Muralidharan 2007:2724 [ref. 29138], Arunachalam & Muralidharan 2009:148 [ref. 30462], Bleher 2018:160 [ref. 36647]). •Valid as 'Nemacheilus' anguilla Annandale 1919 -- (Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Šlechtová et al. 2021:[11] [ref. 38212]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale 1919. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Ghats, Maharashtra and Karnataka, India. Habitat: freshwater.

anguillioides, Paracobitis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wang [S.-H.] 1985:210 [218], Figs. 1-4 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 8120] Longtan spring, near Yousuo, 26°1.204'N, 100°3.206'E [not 26°N, 99°50'E], Eryuan County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: NIGLAS 820134 (now INB 820134). Paratypes: (19). English description on p. 218. New latitude and longitude is from Rui Min via R. Winterbottom, 7/25/2011. •Valid as Paracobitis anguillioides Zhu & Wang 1985 -- (Zhu 1989:34 [ref. 17744], Zhou & He 1993:5 [ref. 21971], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:444 [ref. 23187] with uncertain genus placement, Zhu 1995:109 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:50 [ref. 23556], Min et al. 2010:202 [ref. 30726]). •Valid as Homatula anguillioides (Zhu & Wang 1985) -- (Hu & Zhang 2010:52 [ref. 30780], Gu & Zhang 2012:597 [ref. 31632], Min et al. 2012:313 [ref. 32341], Min et al. 2012:81 [ref. 32392], Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:128 [ref. 34477], Endruweit et al. 2018:565 [ref. 35763], Li et al. 2019:346 [ref. 37175], Zhou et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38386], Nguyen et al. 2021:9 [ref. 38733], Min et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39113], Li et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39800]). Current status: Valid as Homatula anguillioides (Zhu & Wang 1985). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Mekong River drainage, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

anlongensis, Triplophysa Lan [C.-T.], Song [L.-X.], Luo [T.], Zhao [X.-R.], Xiao [N.] & Zhou [J.] in Luo, Mao, Lan, Song, Zhao, Yu, Wang, Xiao, Zhou & Zhou 2023:68, Figs. 13-15 [ZooKeys No. 1185; ref. 40607] NaNao Village, Xinglong Town, Anlong County, Guizhou Province, China, 25.07096446°N, 105.59143424°E, elevation circa 1450 meters. Holotype: CNGZNU 20230215021. Paratypes: CNGZNU 20230215021-215024 (4), 20230226004 (1), 20230226005 (1). •Valid as Triplophysa anlongensis Lan, Song, Luo, Zhao, Xiao & Zhou 2023 -- (Lan et al. 2024:259 [ref. 41619]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa anlongensis Lan, Song, Luo, Zhao, Xiao & Zhou 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: vertical cave at NaNao Village, Guizhou Province, China. IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

anophthalmus, Oreonectes Zheng [P.-S.] in Zheng 1981:162, Fig. 134 [Freshwater fishes of Guangxi Province 1981; ref. 23151] Qifeng Mountain, Xiahuan Village, Wuming, Guangxi, China. Holotype: ASIZB 60294 [ex 77001]. Paratypes: ASIZB. Type catalog: Zhang 1996:500 [ref. 24036], Ye et al. 2015:64 [ref. 33808]. Also appeared in Zhou 1985:378 [ref. 26008] as new with author as Zheng. •Valid as Oreonectes anophthalmus Zheng 1981 -- (Zhu & Cao 1987:327 [ref. 14139], Zheng et al. 1989:47 [ref. 21202], Zhu 1989:25 [ref. 17744], Lan et al. 1995:367 [ref. 23184], Zhu 1995:107 [ref. 25213], Yue & Chen 1998:196 [ref. 26415], Romero & Paulson 2001:21 [ref. 26040], Proudlove 2006:89 [ref. 28992], Zhang et al. 2006:614 [ref. 29423], Du et al. 2008:27 [ref. 29544], Huang et al. 2009:445 [ref. 30323], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Zhao et al. 2011:1552 [ref. 31493], Yang et al. 2011:211 [ref. 31282], Tang et al. 2011:489 [ref. 31595], Kottelat 2012:346 [ref. 32232], Kottelat 2012:94 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:110 [ref. 34891], Lan et al. 2013:87 [ref. 32910], Ye et al. 2015:64 [ref. 33808], Zhang et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34477], Deng et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34511], Deng et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34936], Huang et al. 2019:118 [ref. 37137]). •Valid as Karstsinnectes anophthalmus (Zheng 1981) -- (Luo et al. 2023:696 [ref. 40042], Zhao et al. 2024:112 [ref. 41034], Ge et al. 2024:665 [ref. 41168]). Current status: Valid as Karstsinnectes anophthalmus (Zheng 1981). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave systems of Qifeng Mountain, Zuojiang and Youjiang River drainages, Wuming County, Guangxi (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

ansari, Turcinoemacheilus Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Vatandoust [S.], Doadrio [I.] & Ghanavi [H. R.] 2023:8, Figs. 4-6 [Diversity v. 15; ref. 40707] Beshar River, Allah Abad village, Karun drainage, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces, Iran, 30.45029, 51.75346. Holotype: BIAUBM 3-H. Paratypes: AJRPC, MNCN, MZLU. •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus ansari Jouladeh-Roudbar, Vatandoust, Doadrio & Ghanavi 2023 -- (Çiçek et al. 2024:108 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus ansari Jouladeh-Roudbar, Vatandoust, Doadrio & Ghanavi 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Merian, Beshar and Khersan River drainages, Karun River basin (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

anshuiensis, Triplophysa Wu [T.-J.], Wei [M.-L.], Lan [J.-H.] & Du [L.-N.] 2018:69, Figs. 1, 3 [ZooKeys No. 744; ref. 35850] Cave in Anshui Village, Lingyun County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 24.3632N, 106.7412E, elevation 719 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2012005747. Paratype: KIZ. •Valid as Triplophysa anshuiensis Wu, Wei, Lan & Du 2018 -- (Wu et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35971], Huang et al. 2019:334 [ref. 36689], Chen et al. 2021:190 [ref. 38191]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa anshuiensis Wu, Wei, Lan & Du 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Hongshui River drainage, upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

antennata, Schistura Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.] 2001:140, Figs. 8-10 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream at Son Kim, 18°24.25'N, 105°11.10'E, Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 27934. Paratypes: CMK 16673 (3), ZFMK 27953-41 (7). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov 2001 -- (Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:204 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:72 [ref. 35486], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841]). Current status: Valid as Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Song Lam basin, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

anteridorsalis, Homatula Li [X.], Che [X.-J.] & Zhou [W.] 2019:337, Figs. 2A, 6-7A [Zootaxa 4711 (no. 2); ref. 37175] Bingmen Village, Lujiang Town, Longyang District, Baoshan City, Yunnan, China, 25°4'11.23"N, 98°49'57.77"E. Holotype: SWFC 1610006. Paratypes: SWFC. Misspelled in fig. 6 as anteriordorsalis. •Valid as Homatula anteridorsalis Li, Che & Zhou 2019 -- (Zhou et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38386], Li et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39800]). Current status: Valid as Homatula anteridorsalis Li, Che & Zhou 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Salween River basin [Nujiang], Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

anterodorsalis, Triplophysa (Triplophysa) Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.] in Zhu 1989:106 (English p. 136), Fig. 73 [The loaches of the subfamily Nemacheilinae in China (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae).; ref. 17744] Tributary of the Jinshajiang River, Huidongxian County, Sichuan, China. Holotype: HIASW 60viii0084. Paratypes: HIASW 60viii0062-66 (5), 60viii0075 (1), 60viii0077-83 (7). •Valid as Triplophysa anterodorsalis Zhu & Cao 1989 -- (Ding 1994:79 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:117 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:76 [ref. 23556], Li et al. 2008:677 [ref. 29925], Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367], Yan et al. 2015:304 [ref. 33966], Bashir et al. 2016:479 [ref. 34447], Zhang et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34477], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665], Zhang et al. 2019:378 [ref. 36699], Guo 2021:555 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa anterodorsalis Zhu & Cao 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

aquaecaeruleae, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2001:195, Figs. 1-6 [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 26613] Ba-tshu [Ba Qu?] River, tributary of Blue River [= Chang Jiang] (env. of Yushu), Qinghai, northwestern China (ca. 33°N, 92°E or 97°E). Holotype: ZIN 12494. Paratypes: ZIN 12494a (3). •Valid as Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev 2001 -- (Prokofiev 2006:258 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990], He et al. 2008:47 [ref. 29558], Prokofiev 2009:700 [ref. 39772], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665]). •Synonym of Triplophysa xichangensis Zhu & Cao 1989 -- (Guo 2021:525 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa aquaecaeruleae Prokofiev 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin, Qinghai (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

aramis, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:54, Fig. 25 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Chik, about 2 kilometers east of Muang Mai, 21°10'26"N, 102°44'06"E, Phongsali Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45323. Paratypes: CMK 14148 (10), LARRI uncat. (2), NRM 44910 (2), ZRC 45324 (2). •Valid as Schistura aramis Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:101 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:204 [ref. 32989], Taki et al. 2021:207 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura aramis Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Nam Ou River drainage, northern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

araxensis, Orthrias angorae Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Balik 1978:259, Fig. 2; Pl. 20 (figs. 1-4) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 75; ref. 9016] Kandili Karassu, upper Karassu drainage, Euphrates-Tigris basin, eastern Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 4827. Paratypes: ISBB 2617-18 (2, 3); ZMH 4826 (5), 5951 (4). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:413 [ref. 21161]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus angorae Steindachner 1897, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Erk'akan & Kuru 1986:160 [ref. 21167], Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Orthrias araxensis Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978 -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:111 [ref. 23810], Fricke et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Barbatula araxensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978) -- (Erk'akan et al. 2007:78 [ref. 29026]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus araxensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:883 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Freyhof 2016:94 [ref. 34815], Esmaeili et al. 2017:62 [ref. 35254], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Çiçek et al. 2018:240 [ref. 36249], Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Turan et al. 2019:[6] [ref. 36540], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Rakici et al. 2020:410 [ref. 37960], Saygun et al. 2021:46 [ref. 38525], Çiçek et al. 2023:342 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:64 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus araxensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: upper Euphrates [Firat Nehri] (Persian Gulf tributary), Erzurum Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

aredvii, Paraschistura Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2015:25, Figs. 24-28 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Fars Province, Sarab-e Bahram spring at Sarab-e Bahram, a tributary of Fahlian River, 30°02'48"N, 51°33'34"E, Iran. Holotype: ZM-CBSU J2959. Paratypes: ZM-CBSU J2960 (27). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paraschistura aredvii Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger 2015 -- (Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015:299 [ref. 34027], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:887 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:50 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:581 [ref. 36833], Eagderi et al. 2019:265 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:190 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:98 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura aredvii Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Zohreh River drainage (Fars and Khuzestan, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

arenata, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] in Jacquemont 1838:no p., Pl. 15 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans l'Inde pendant les années 1828 à 1832; ref. 17872] India. Holotype: MNHN 0000-3811. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:96 [ref. 19574]. Plate probably dates to 1838, Britz et al. 2017:540 [ref. 35498]. •Synonym of Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 1990:28 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:75 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989], Grant 2008:14 [ref. 33823] as a subgenus Paracanthocobitis (Hamilton 1822)). •Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Singer & Page 2015:386 [ref. 33823]). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

arenicolus, Nemacheilus Kottelat [M.] 1998:65, Figs. 102, 106 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Xot in Ban Nam Xot, 17°53'20"N, 105°05'10"E, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 41790. Paratypes: CMK 12528 (7), 12553 (14), 12662 (13), 12804 (27); NRM 36705 (5); ZRC 41791 (5). •Valid as Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat 1998 -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:137 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2001:100 [ref. 25780], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2011:204 [ref. 31485], Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Taki et al. 2021:224 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus arenicolus Kottelat 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Nam Theun River basin endemic, central Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

argentata, Cobites (Acoura) Swainson [W.] 1839:310 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Brahamputra River at Goalpara, India. No types known. Based on Ham. 358. No 10 -- which is Hamilton 1822:358, "10th Species.-- Cobitis turio." Unneeded substitute for Cobitis turio Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 1990:28 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:75 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Singer & Page 2015:386 [ref. 33823]). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

argyrogaster, Nemacheilus Kottelat [M.] 2021:278, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4933 (no. 2); ref. 38162] Confluence of Xe Kong and Houai Peung, downstream of Ban Kaleum, Xe Kong watershed, Mekong River basin, Xe Kong Province, Laos, 15°42'54"N, 106°48'9"E. Holotype: MHNG 2785.032. Paratypes: CMK 21663 (26), CMK 21684 (3), ZRC 61628 (6). Plus additional non-type material. Originally in 'Nemacheilus'. •Valid as Nemacheilus argyrogaster Kottelat 2021 -- (Kottelat 2022:99 [ref. 39206] in 'Nemacheilus'). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus argyrogaster Kottelat 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Xe Kong drainage, Mekong River basin, southern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

argyrogramma, Cobitis Heckel [J. J.] 1847:239, Pl. 18 (fig. 3) [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 48541 (8), 59913 (4). •Synonym of Nemacheilus tigris (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:23 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym or Orthrias tigris (Heckel 1843) -- (Fricke et al. 2007:52 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Barbatula tigris (Heckel 1843) -- (based on status of Barbatula). •Valid as Barbatula argyrogrammus (Heckel 1847) -- (Coad 2010:206 [ref. 36620]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus argyrogrammus (Heckel 1847) -- (Prokofiev 2009:888 [ref. 30604] as either valid or possibly subspecies of synonym of Cobitis tigris (Heckel 1843)). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel 1847) -- (Golzarianpour et al. 2011:201 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307, 308 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:39, 49 [ref. 33140], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Freyhof 2016:99 [ref. 34815], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:388 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35254], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Esmaeili et al. 2018:43 [ref. 36089], Turan et al. 2019:[6] [ref. 36540], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Rakici et al. 2020:410 [ref. 37960], Çiçek et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40616], Saad et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2023:343 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:64 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel 1847). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

arifi, Schistura Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.] in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu 1981:113, Figs. 16-20 [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Zhob City on Zhob River, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Holotype: ISBB 3775. Paratypes: ISBB 3376 (1), ZMA 116442 (1), Mirza priv. coll. (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:35 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Nemacheilus arifi (Mirza & Bănărescu 1981) -- (Menon 1987:68 [ref. 14149] as Neomacheilus arafi, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:470 [ref. 20764] as arafi). •Valid as Schistura arifi Mirza & Bănărescu 1981 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:441 [ref. 23187], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Kottelat 2012:105 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Schistura arifi Mirza & Bănărescu 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

arnoldii, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2006:237, Figs. 1-37 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 86 (no. 2); ref. 29061] Stream connecting lakes Ayrag-Nuur and Khirgis-Nuur, Kobdo (= Chovd-Gol) River system, western Mongolia. Holotype: ZIN 39054. Paratypes: ZIN 39054a (3, 1 c&s). •Valid as Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev 2006 -- (Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa arnoldii Prokofiev 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chovd-Gol River basin, western Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

arsaniasus, Oxynoemacheilus Freyhof [J.], Kaya [C.], Turan [D.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2019:44, Figs. 12-14 [Zootaxa 4612 (no. 1); ref. 36739] Stream Kaynarca at Tepe, Muş Province, Turkey. Holotype: FFR 15530. Paratypes: FFR, FSJF. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:424 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus arsaniasus Freyhof, Kaya, Turan & Geiger 2019 -- (Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:343 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:65 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus arsaniasus Freyhof, Kaya, Turan & Geiger 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Murat and upper Karasu (Bitlis) River drainages, upper Euphrates basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

arunachalensis, Noemacheilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1987:129, Pl. 16 (fig. 10) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Riwa River at Manpong [Nampong], Arunachal Pradesh, India. Holotype: SRS/ZSI F572. Paratypes: SRS/ZSI F73 (2). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Noemacheilus arunachalensis Datta & Barman 1984, replaced by Schistura tirapensis Kottelat 1990 and by Noemacheilus dattai Menon 1999. See Das 2003:365 [ref. 27706]. •Treated as valid as Nemacheilus arunachalensis Menon 1987 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:470 [ref. 20764], Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Schistura tirapensis Kottelat 1990 -- (Kottelat 2012:120 [ref. 32367]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Schistura tirapensis Kottelat 1990. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

assamensis, Noemacheilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1987:179 [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Pagladia River, Assam, India. Holotype: SRS/ZSI F578. Paratypes: ? SRS/ZSI F (1). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:366 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus labeosus Kottelat 1982 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:487 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Nemacheilus assamensis Menon 1987 -- (Menon 1999:187 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Neonoemacheilus assamensis (Menon 1987) -- (Arunkumar 2000:45 [ref. 25660], Vishwanath & Laisram 2001:202 [ref. 25886], Kottelat 2012:93 [ref. 32367], Khynrian & Sen 2014:10 [ref. 33853], Bleher 2018:180 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Neonoemacheilus assamensis (Menon 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Brahmaputra basin, India. Habitat: freshwater.

ataranensis, Schistura Dvořák [T.], Bohlen [J.], Kottelat [M.] & Šlechtová [V.] 2023:11, Figs. 3A, 5A [Scientific Reports v. 13: 16996; ref. 40537] Upper Ataran basin, Andaman Sea basin, Kayin Province, Myanmar. Holotype: ZRC 61579. Paratypes: CMK, IAPG. •Valid as Schistura ataranensis Dvořák, Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2023. Current status: Valid as Schistura ataranensis Dvořák, Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: upper Ataran River basin, Kayin Province, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

athos, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:55, Fig. 26 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Houn, about 3 kilometers upstream of Ban Houay Lek, in gorges, about 20°32'32"N, 102°40'51"E, Louangphabang Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45325. Paratypes: CMK 14021 (21), 14095 (9); LARRI uncat. (8); NRM 44889 (8); ZRC 45326 (8). •Valid as Schistura athos Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:101 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:204 [ref. 32989], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841], Taki et al. 2021:213 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura athos Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Nam Ou drainage, northern Laos and northwestern Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

atili, Oxynoemacheilus Erk'akan [F.] 2012:99, Fig. 3-4 [Research Journal of Biological Sciences v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 32281] Eflatun pinari-Beysehir Lake, 37°49'30.95"N, 31°40'29.08"E, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC uncat. Paratypes: HUIC (33). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus atili Erk'akan 2012 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:145 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2021:375 [ref. 38333]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978) -- (Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2022:460 [ref. 39236], Çiçek et al. 2024:73 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

atra, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1998:69, Figs. 107, 108 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Upper Nam Theun, 17°59'31"N, 105°27'49"E, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 41792. Paratypes: CMK 12529 (1), 12629 (1), 12645 (2); DFV uncat. (1); NRM 36706 (1). •Valid as Schistura atra Kottelat 1998 -- (Kottelat 2001:104 [ref. 25780], Kangrang et al. 2012:75 [ref. 32324], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:204 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Kottelat 2017:704 [ref. 35677]). Current status: Valid as Schistura atra Kottelat 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam Theun watershed, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

atrakensis, Paracobitis Esmaeili [H. R.], Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Vatandoust [S.] & Freyhof [J.] 2014:238 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 33625] Atrak and Bidvaz River, northeastern Iran. Holotype. From a listing. •Valid as Paracobitis atrakensis Esmaeili, Mousavi-Sabet, Sayyadzadeh, Vatandoust & Freyhof 2014 -- (Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:340 [ref. 33744], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:885 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:68 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:47 [ref. 36089], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2019:386 [ref. 36466], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:180 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:93 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paracobitis atrakensis Esmaeili, Mousavi-Sabet, Sayyadzadeh, Vatandoust & Freyhof 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Caspian Sea and Kavir basins (northeastern Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

atriceps, Noemacheilus Smith [H. M.] 1945:312, Fig. 66 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Menam Kon, tributary of Menam Nan, at Ban Khana, northern Thailand. Holotype: USNM 117750. Paratypes: USNM 117746 (orig. 70, now 54). Type catalog: Vilasri et al. 2018:57 [ref. 36451]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Sectoria atriceps (Smith 1945) -- (Kottelat 1990:230 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:445 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:18 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2000:64 [ref. 25040], Kottelat 2012:120 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:212 [ref. 32989], Vilasri et al. 2018:57 [ref. 36451]). Current status: Valid as Sectoria atriceps (Smith 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

attalicus, Seminemacheilus Yoğurtçuoğlu [B.], Kaya [C.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2020:488, Figs. 9-11, 18 [Zootaxa 4802 (no. 3); ref. 37604] Spring Kırkgöz, Antalya Province, Turkey, 37.1097, 30.5807. Holotype: FFR 15566. Paratypes: FFR, FSJF. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:429 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Seminemacheilus attalicus Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Geiger & Freyhof 2020 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:106 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Seminemacheilus attalicus Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Geiger & Freyhof 2020. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Kırkgöz drainage, Antalya Province, southern Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

aurantiaca, Schistura Plongsesthee [R.], Page [L. M.] & Beamish [W.] 2011:170, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 31357] Kwai Noi River system, Khayeng River at Route 3272 bridge, 14°39'35"N, 98°32'01"E, Mae Khlong basin, Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Holotype: UF 178532. Paratypes: Many at UF, NIFI, USNM, ZRC. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee, Page & Beamish 2011 -- (Page et al. 2012:327 [ref. 32342], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Plongsesthee et al. 2013:178 [ref. 33012], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Dvořák et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40537]). Current status: Valid as Schistura aurantiaca Plongsesthee, Page & Beamish 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: upper Mae Khlong, upper Moei and upper Ataran River drainages, western Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Nemacheilus Day [F.] 1872:184 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 41 (pt 2, nos 1-4); ref. 14133] Narmada River, Jabbalpúr [Jabbalpúr], India. Lectotype: BMNH 1889.2.1.1590. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1889.2.1.1587-1588 (3), ZSI F2574 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:156 [ref. 23762]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus mooreh (Sykes 1839) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:490 [ref. 20764] as moreh, Menon 1999:181 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus moreh). •Synonym of Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 1990:28 [ref. 14137]). •Synonym of Acanthocobitis mooreh (Sykes 1839) -- (Kottelat 2012:76 [ref. 32678]). •Valid as Acanthocobitis aurea (Day 1872), but a valid subgenus Paracanthocobitis Grant 2008. •Valid as Paracanthocobitis aurea (Day 1872) -- (Singer & Page 2015:385 [ref. 33823], Bleher 2018:188 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis aurea (Day 1872). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Himalaya Foothills, northern India. Habitat: freshwater.

axylos, Oxynoemacheilus Yoğurtçuoğlu [B.], Kaya [C.] & Freyhof [J.] 2022:472, Figs. 14-16 [Zootaxa 5133 (no. 4); ref. 39236] Spring at Baltali, 30 km east of Haymana, Konya province, Turkey, 39.2393, 32.7501. Holotype: FFR 15616. Paratypes: FFR 15602 (30), 15620 (3). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus axylos Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya & Freyhof 2022 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:343 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:65 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus axylos Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya & Freyhof 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: springs, streams and rivers in the endorheic Lake Tuz basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

bachmaensis, Schistura Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.] 2001:143, Figs. 11-13 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Suoi Voi at Thua Luu, 55 kilometers south of Hue, 16°14.58'N, 107°59.39'E, Thua Thien Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 27942. Paratypes: CMK 16674 (1), ZFMK 27943 (1). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov 2001 -- (Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841]). Current status: Valid as Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thua Tien province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

bacmeensis, Micronemacheilus Nguyen [V. H.] & Vo [V. B.] in Nguyen 2006:562, Fig. 10 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Creek Minh Son, Bac Me, Hà Giang Province, Vietnam. Neotype: RIA 1 N.01.25.001. "Paraneotype": RIA 1 N,01.25.001 (1). Genus spelled Micronoemacheilus in caption to figure 10. •Doubtfully as a synonym of Traccatichthys taeniatus (Pellegrin & Chevey 1936) -- (Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Traccatichthys bacmeensis (Nguyen & Vo 2006) -- (Du et al.2012:304 [ref. 32340], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:152 [ref. 33205]). Current status: Valid as Traccatichthys bacmeensis (Nguyen & Vo 2006). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper reaches of Gam River, Bac Me County, Ha Giang Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

badamensis, Nemachilus kuschakewitschi Turdakov [F. A.] 1948:56 [Trudy Kirgizskogo Pedagogicheskogo Instituta v. 1 (no. 1) for 1946; ref. 21173] Badam River at Shyumkent, tributary of Arys' River, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: ZMMU P-3709 (14), P-3710 (1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:25-26 [ref. 25714]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Original species heading misspelled as Nemachilus kushakewitschl badameusis. Appeared first in Turdakov 1941 [ref. 13188] without mention of scientific name. •Synonym of Nemacheilus kuschakewitschi Herzenstein 1890. •Synonym of Iskandaria kuschakewitschi (Herzenstein 1890), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:889 [ref. 30604], Prokofiev 2017:262 [ref. 35630]). •Synonym of Iskandaria kuschakewitschi (Herzenstein 1890) -- (Kottelat 2012:86 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Iskandaria kuschakewitschi (Herzenstein 1890). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

baenzigeri, Noemacheilus Kottelat [M.] 1983:151, Figs. 1-2 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 90 (no. 1); ref. 8321] Mae Nam Taeng at Mae Taeng, 19°07'N, 98°56'E, Chiengmai Province, Thailand. Holotype: MHNG 2081.32. Paratypes: CMK 3173 (1), MHNG 2081.33 (1). Type catalog: Weber 1998:6 [ref. 32707]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus baenzigeri (Kottelat 1983) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:435 [ref. 23187] as baezingeri). •Valid as Tuberoschistura baenzigeri (Kottelat 1983) -- (Kottelat 1990:233 [ref. 14137], Doi 1997:18 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367] Kottelat 2013:214 [ref. 32989], Taki et al. 2021:222 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Tuberoschistura baenzigeri (Kottelat 1983). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malay Peninsula and Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

bahaii, Turcinoemacheilus Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Özuluğ [M.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2014:259, Figs. 3-6, 7a [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 3) [for 2013]; ref. 33241] Esfahan province, Zayandeh River between Azadegan and Qalee Shahrokh, 32°40'54"N, 50°27'47"E, Iran. Holotype: ZM-CBSU 7193B. Paratypes: FSJF, ZM-CBSU. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus bahaii Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2014 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:889 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:73 [ref. 35254], Prokofiev 2017:255 [ref. 35630], Esmaeili et al. 2018:53 [ref. 36089], Nikmehr et al. 2019:3 [ref. 38360], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:206 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40566], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40707], Çiçek et al. 2024:108 [ref. 40789], Freyhof & Jouladeh-Roudbar 2024:179 [ref. 40751]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus bahaii Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Zayandeh River basin (Esfahan, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

bailianensis, Yunnanilus Yang [J.] in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan 2013:(51) 251, Figs. 36-37 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Bailian Cave (the Liu River), Liuzhou City, 24.2°N, 109.4°E, Guangxi, China, elevation 111 meters. Holotype: CLJH 12030089. Paratypes: CLJH 12930088, 12030090, 12030092, 12030094, 12030095 (1 spec. ea.). •Valid as Yunnanilus bailianensis Yang 2013 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Heminoemacheilus bailianensis (Yang 2013) -- (Du et al. 2021:319 [ref. 38600]). •Tentatively valid as Micronemacheilus bailianensis (Yang 2013) -- (Luo et al. 2023:694 [ref. 40042]). Current status: Valid as Micronemacheilus bailianensis (Yang 2013). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Bailian Cave, Liuzhou City, Guangxi (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

bairdi, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:55, Fig. 27 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Mekong mainstream at Ban Hang Khone below Khone Falls, Champasak Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45327. Paratypes: CMK 15902 (4), LARRI uncat. (1). •Valid as Schistura bairdi Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:104 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Schistura bairdi Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

bajiangensis, Yunnanilus Li [W.-X.] 2004:94, Fig. 2 [Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science Edition) v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 28170] Heilongton Reservoir, ca. 24°46'N, 103°16'E, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: HRS 9504001. Paratypes: HRS 9504002-04 (3), 9804004-09 (6). Spelled two ways, apparently bajiangensis is correct (appearing this way in the Chinese abstract and at the beginning of the article). •Valid as Yunnanilus bajiangensis Li 2004 -- (Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Zhao et al. 2011:1553 [ref. 31493], Chen et al. 2012:62 [ref. 31907], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:111 [ref. 34891], Yang in Lan et al. 2013:251 [ref. 32910], Du et al. 2015:254 [ref. 34050] as bajingensis, Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Eonemachilus bajiangensis (Li 2004) -- (Du et al. 2021:315 [ref. 38600]). Current status: Valid as Eonemachilus bajiangensis (Li 2004). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Heilongton Reservoir, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Critically Endangered, as Yunnanilus bajiangensis. Habitat: freshwater.

bajpaii, Aborichthys Singh [P.] & Kosygin [L.] 2022:[2], Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 62 (no. 5); ref. 39743] A stream of Siang River near Ramsing Village, Brahmaputra River basin, Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 28°39'47"N, 94°59'22"E. Holotype: ZSI FF 8949. Paratypes: ZSI FF 8950 (6). •Valid as Aborichthys bajpaii Singh & Kosygin 2022. Current status: Valid as Aborichthys bajpaii Singh & Kosygin 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Siang River drainage, Brahmaputra River basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

balteatus, Nemacheilus Rendahl [H.] 1948:42, Figs. 20-23 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 40 A (no. 7); ref. 19694] Melwedaung, Tenasserim, Myanmar. Holotype: NRM 14741. Paratypes: NRM 10741 (orig. 19, now 17), ZMA 119971 (1), ZSM [ex NRM] (2). •Synonym of Nemacheilus cincticauda (Blyth 1860) -- (Menon 1987:123 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:475 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Schistura balteata (Rendahl 1948) -- (Kottelat 1990:102 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:174 [ref. 31357], Page et al. 2012:327 [ref. 32342], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:25 [ref. 32804], Plongsesthee et al. 2013:171 [ref. 33012], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2016:361 [ref. 34366], Dvořák et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40537]). Current status: Valid as Schistura balteata (Rendahl 1948). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mahlve Taung mountain rang, Tenasserim, Myanmar and upper Khwae Noiu, Mae Klong River drainage, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

baluchiorum, Nemachilus Zugmayer [E.] 1912:599 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 60); ref. 14897] Panjgur, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Syntypes: (13) NMW 19851 (1), ZSM [old collection] (12) lost in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:267 [ref. 28925]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus baluchiorum Zugmayer 1912 -- (Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348], Menon 1987:65 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:471 [ref. 20764], Coad 1996:5 [ref. 23831]). •Questionably valid or possibly a synonym of Nemacheilus bampurensis Nikolskii 1899 -- (Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Schistura bampurensis (Nikolskii 1900) -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:118 [ref. 23810]). •Valid as Schistura baluchiorum (Zugmayer 1912) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:441 [ref. 23187] as balachiorum, Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265] as balochiorum, Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367]). •Mention -- (Prokofiev 2009:892 [ref. 30604]). •Synonym of Paraschistura bampurensis (Nikolskii 1900) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35254], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:191 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:99 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura bampurensis (Nikolskii 1900). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bampurensis, Nemacheilus Nikolskii [A. M.] 1900:414 [40] [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 4; ref. 14731] Kjagur and Kashin [Kaekin] rivers, Bampur River near Bazman, Iran. Syntypes: ZIN 11698-99 (6+, 4). On p. 40 of separate. •Valid as Nemacheilus bampurensis Nikolskii 1900 -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:6 [ref. 23831], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869]). •Valid as Schistura bampurensis (Nikolskii 1900) -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:118 [ref. 23810]). •Valid as Paraschistura bampurensis (Nikolskii 1900) -- (Prokofiev 2009:892 [ref. 30604], Esmaeili et al. 2010:373 [ref. 33391], Kottelat 2012:101 [ref. 32367] as bampurenris, Vatandoust & Eagderi 2015:182 [ref. 33819], Freyhof et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33865], Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015:299 [ref. 34027], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:887 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Esmaeili et al. 2015:122 [ref. 35030], Esmaeili et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:50 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:581 [ref. 36833], Eagderi et al. 2019:265 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:191 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2024:98 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura bampurensis (Nikolskii 1900). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East and South Asia: Bampur River basin (Sistan and Baluchestan provinces, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan). Habitat: freshwater.

banar, Nemacheilus Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.] 2001:135, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Middle River Pako about 50 kilometers north of Kontum, 14°39.60'N, 107°46.98'E, Kontum Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 28588. Paratypes: CMK 16009 (5); ZFMK 26274-78 (5), 26322-24 (3), 26528-89 (60 or 61?), 26590 (1), 26591-92 (2), 28647 (1). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:111 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Nemacheilus banar Freyhof & Serov 2001 -- (Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus banar Freyhof & Serov 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

banarescui, Orthrias brandti Delmastro [G. B.] 1982:53, Fig. 1 [Rivista Piemontese di Storia Naturale No. 3; ref. 8988] Devrekani creek near Devrekani, Anatolia, Turkey. Holotype: MCSNC. Paratypes: ISBB (4), IZA 8171 (4), MCSNC (80), MSNVR (4), MRSNT (4). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler 1877), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus banarescui (Delmastro 1982) -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:143 [ref. 28767], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Erk'akan 2012:97 [ref. 32281], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Turan et al. 2019:[6] [ref. 36540], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[14] [ref. 37627], Saygun et al. 2021:46 [ref. 38525], Freyhof et al. 2022:167 [ref. 39240], Çiçek et al. 2023:343 [ref. 40625], Turan et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40062], Turan et al. 2023:441 [ref. 40533], Çiçek et al. 2024:66 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus banarescui (Delmastro 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Black Sea tributaries, Kastamonu Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

bannaensis, Schistura Chen [Z.-M.], Yang [J.-X.] & Qi [W.-L.] 2005:147, Fig. 1 [Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 28288] Nanla River basin, Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype (unique): KIZ 200107. Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:352 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Schistura bannaensis Chen, Yang & Qi 2005 -- (Zheng et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32070], Chen & Neely 2012:226 [ref. 32332], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:131 [ref. 34477], Endruweit et al. 2016:599 [ref. 34743], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Schistura bannaensis Chen, Yang & Qi 2005. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Nanla [Nanlahe] River basin, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

baotianensis, Triplophysa Li [C.-Q.], Li [R.], Liu [T.] & Li [W.-X.] in Li, Liu, Li & Li 2018:60, Figs. 1a-b [Journal of Jishou University (Natural Science Edition) v. 39 (no. 4); ref. 36072] Cave, Baotian Town, Pan County, Guizhou Province, China, 25°24'17.16"N, 104°44'40.37"E, 531 m altitude. Holotype: HRA 20170206003. Paratypes: HRA 2017020601 (1), 20170206002 (1), 20170206004 (1), 20170206005 (1). •Valid as Triplophysa baotianensis Li, Li, Liu & Li 2018 -- (Chen et al. 2021:188 [ref. 38191], Liu et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39962], Luo et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40607], Lan et al. 2024:259 [ref. 41619]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa baotianensis Li, Li, Liu & Li 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave in Baotian Town, Nanpanjiang River drainage, Pearl River basin, Guizhou (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

barapaniensis, Noemacheilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1987:131, Pls. 4 (figs. 5-7), 12 (fig. 5) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Barapani, Meghalaya (Brahmaputra basin), India. Holotype: V/ERS 3063. Paratypes: (3) V/ERS 3066 and ISBB 3594. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Replacement name for Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant 1982, secondarily preoccupied by Aborichthys elongatus Hora 1921 when both are in Nemacheilus. •Wrongly as a synonym of Nemacheilus elongatus (Sen & Nalbant 1981) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:479 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Nemacheilus barapaniensis Menon 1987 -- (Menon 1999:168 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Lokeshor & Wishwanath 2012:102 [ref. 32325]). •Synonym of Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant 1982 on the basis of Art. 59.4 -- (Kottelat et al. 2007:39 [ref. 28942]). •Synonym of Schistura elongata (Sen & Nalbant 1982) -- (H. Bleher personal communication 7/14/2017). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant 1982. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

barapensis, Aborichthys Nanda [P.] & Tamang [L.] 2021:18802, Figs. 1-2, images 1-3 [Journal of Threatened Taxa v. 13 (no. 7); ref. 38408] Barap stream near Lazu Village, Brahmaputra River basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 26.898758N, 95.560656E, elevation 1,020 meters. Holotype: EBRC/ZSI F-12608. Paratype: DNGC F-02 (1). •Valid as Aborichthys barapensis Nanda & Tamang 2021 -- (Singh & Kosygin 2022:[7] [ref. 39743]). Current status: Valid as Aborichthys barapensis Nanda & Tamang 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: upper Brahmaputra River basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

barbatula, Cobitis Linnaeus [C.] 1758:303 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Fresh waters of Europe and Asia. Syntypes: NRM 68 (1 or 3). Probably 3 syntypes with no geographic origin, Norén et al. 2018:64 [ref. 35742]. •Valid as Cobitis barbatula Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:25 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Nemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:868 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus, Lelek 1987:256 [ref. 22962] as Noemacheilus, Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Noemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies barbatulus -- (Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:58 [ref. 37748]). •Valid as Orthrias barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:449 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2003:726 [ref. 27494], Soric 2000:61 [ref. 28770]). •Valid as Orthrias barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) and subspecies barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Prokofiev 2007:15 [ref. 30343]). •Valid as Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:94 [ref. 23591], Novikov et al. 2000:161 [ref. 40929], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:55 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:112 [ref. 28183], Economidis 2005:67 [ref. 28213], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:290 [ref. 28804], Fricke et al. 2007:50 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:329 [ref. 29996], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367], Parin et al. 2014:102 [ref. 33547], Barbieri et al. 2015:75 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Norén et al. 2018:59 [ref. 35742], Tutman et al. 2018:220 [ref. 35876], Ćaleta et al. 2019:149 [ref. 37026], Gauliard et al. 2019:175 [ref. 36787], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Pozdeev et al. 2022:6 [ref. 39511], Dyldin et al. 2023:[7] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northern and eastern Europe and western Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

barbatus, Oreonectes Gan [X.] in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan 2013:(72) 252, Figs. 53-54 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Cave in Lihu Town, (the Dagou River), Nandan County, Guangxi, China 25.2°N, 107.7°E, elevation 484 meters. CLJH 200908003. Paratypes: CLJH 0908002, 09080341, 09080344, 11100411, 12030112 (7 spec.) •Valid as Oreonectes barbatus Gan 2013 -- (Deng et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34936], Liu et al. 2019:404 [ref. 36573]). •Valid as Troglonectes barbatus (Gan 2013) -- (Zhang et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34477], Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes barbatus (Gan 2013). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Liujiang River system, Guangxi (China). IUCN (2024): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

bashanensis, Triplophysa Xu [T.-Q.] & Wang [K.-F.] 2009:381 [English 384], Figs. 2-6 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 34 (no. 2); ref. 30911] Bashan River, Huangjiabian, Loufand Village, Dahe Town, Xixiang County, 32°35'N, 107°27'E, Shaanxi Province, China, elevation 712 meters. Holotype: SIZ 0608008. Paratypes: (47) ASIZB [now NZMC] 179823 out of SIZ 06080010-07, 0608009, SIZ 6-X-001 - 6-X-039. Type catalog: Ye et al. 2015:68 [ref. 33808]. Appeared as Triplophysa longchiensis in the English summary and as bashanensis in the Chinese text; apparently left in the abstract by mistake -- a lapsus. The name in the Chinese text is regarded as correct. •Valid as Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang 2009 -- (Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367], Ye et al. 2015:68 [ref. 33808], Zhang et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34477], Guo 2021:621 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa bashanensis Xu & Wang 2009. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

basharensis, Paracobitis Freyhof [J.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Sayyadzadeh [G.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2014:23, Figs. 13-14 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 33505] Bashar River at Dehno, 30°38.42.6"N, 51°37'14.26"E, Iranian Tigris catchment, Iran. Holotype: CM-CBSU J2920. Paratypes: CM-CBSU J2919. •Valid as Paracobitis basharensis Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger 2014 -- (Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:340 [ref. 33744], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:885 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:68 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:47 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:181 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:530 [ref. 37732], Çiçek et al. 2024:94 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paracobitis basharensis Freyhof, Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh & Geiger 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

beavani, Nemachilus Günther [A.] 1868:350 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Kossye River, Uttar Pradesh, India. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1867.5.12.35. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus beavani Günther 1868 -- (Shrestha 1978:37 [ref. 15970] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1987:84 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:168 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Ataur Rahman 1989:148 [ref. 24860] as Nemachilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:472 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:546 [ref. 23778], Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura beavani (Günther 1868) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:440 [ref. 23187], Ataur Rahman 2003:167 [ref. 31338], Kottelat et al. 2007:40 [ref. 28942], Shrestha 2008:131 [ref. 29923], Conway et al. 2011:1746 [ref. 31594], Lokeshwor et al. 2012:262 [ref. 32337], Kottelat 2012:1065 [ref. 32367], Lalronunga et al. 2013:589 [ref. 32927], Khynrian & Sen 2014:14 [ref. 33853], Bleher 2018:206 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Schistura beavani (Günther 1868). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Himalaya Foothills, Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

beipanjiangensis, Yunnanilus Li [W.-X.], Mao [W.-N.] & Sun [R.-F.] in Li, Mao, Sun & Lu 1994:370 [English p. 373], Fig. 1 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 22582] Xintun, 26.02°N, 104.01°E, Zhanyi County, Beipanjiang River system, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: Fish. Adm. Centre, Qujing Region, Yunnan 9107016. Paratypes: Fish. Adm. Centre, Qujing Region, Yunnan 9107017 (1, allotype), 9107018-50 (32). •Valid as Yunnanilus beipanjiangensis Li, Mao & Sun 1994 -- (Li et al. 1999:4 [ref. 23880], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], An et al. 2009:633 [ref. 30709], Zhao et al. 2011:1553 [ref. 31493], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:111 [ref. 34891], Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477], Du et al. 2018:143 [ref. 36374], Du et al. 2021:324 [ref. 38600], He et al. 2024:202 [ref. 40917], Qin et al. 2024:752 [ref. 41214]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus beipanjiangensis Li, Mao & Sun 1994. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

bella, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1990:104, Figs. 72-73 [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Mae Nam Fang, 35 kilometers south of Fang on road to Chiang Mai, Mekong basin, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Holotype: ZSM 27473 [now ZRC 38465]. Paratypes: USNM 295769 (10), 295776 (3, c&s). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:240 [ref. 31652] Holotype now at ZRC. •Valid as Schistura bella Kottelat 1990 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:440 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Vishwanath & Nebeshwar 2004:328 [ref. 28011], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2010:324 [ref. 30687], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:176 [ref. 31357], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2014:222 [ref. 33238], Kottelat 2017:402 [ref. 35532]). •Valid as Mustura bella (Kottelat 1990) -- (Kottelat 2018:292 [ref. 36206], Choudhury et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38288]). Current status: Valid as Mustura bella (Kottelat 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mae Nam Kok, Mekong River basin, northern Thailand and Nam Ma basin, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

bellibarus, Nemachilus Tchang [T.-L.], Yueh [T.-H.] & Hwang [H.-C.] 1963:625, Figs. 4-7 [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 5591] Tso-Hwui-La, upper Nyang-Chu, southern Tibet, China. Holotype (unique): ASIZB [now NZMC] 43173 [ex TS-409]. Type catalog: Zhang 1996:500 [ref. 24036], Ye et al. 2015:59 [ref. 33808]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Zhu 1989:107 [ref. 17744], Zhang et al. 2019:381 [ref. 36699]). •Synonym of Triplophysa microps (Steindachner 1866) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:196 [ref. 21205]). •Valid as Triplophysa bellibarus (Tchang, Yueh & Hwang 1963) -- (Kottelat 2012:123 [ref. 32367], Ye et al. 2015:59 [ref. 33808]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa bellibarus (Tchang, Yueh & Hwang 1963). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

berezowskii, Nemachilus Günther [A.] 1896:217 [19], Pl. 2 (fig. C) [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk 1896, v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 2019] Hui-hsien [now Hui County of Gansu Province], upper Chang Jiang [Yangtze River] drainage, China. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. On p. 19 of separate. •Synonym of Paracobitis variegatus (Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Zhu 1989:32 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:140 [ref. 21205], Yang & Chen 1994:60 [ref. 28152], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:49 [ref. 23556]). •Synonym of Homatula variegata (Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:444 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Homatula berezowskii (Günther 1896) -- (Hu & Zhang 2010:56, 57 [ref. 30780], Gu & Zhang 2012:597 [ref. 31632], Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 32367], Li et al. 2019:346 [ref. 37175], Du et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38600], Zhou et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38386], Guo 2021:493 [ref. 38618], Nguyen et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38733], Che et al. 2023:284 [ref. 40280]). Current status: Valid as Homatula berezowskii (Günther 1896). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

bergamensis, Barbatula Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2007:71, Fig. 3 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Bergama, Kozak (Madra) Creek, 39°40'N, 27°28'E, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC KE-1. Paratypes: HUIC KE-1 (16). •Valid as Barbatula bergamensis Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007 -- (Erk'akan et al. 2008:115 [ref. 29859]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bergamensis (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus theophilii (Stoumboudi, Kottelat & Barbieri 2006) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:99 [ref. 32367], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2022:471 [ref. 39236], Çiçek et al. 2024:90 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus theophilii Stoumboudi, Kottelat & Barbieri 2006. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bergi, Nemacheilus Gratzianov [V. I.] 1907:163, 167 [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii. v. 4; ref. 1871] Akstapha [Akstafa] River, right tributary of Kura River, Azerbaijan. Syntypes: (2) ZMMU (not found in 2002). Based on 'Nemachilus spec.' of Berg 1898:30, 72 [ref. 20653]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus angorae Steindachner 1897 -- (Coad 1995:21 [ref. 23608], Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:308 [ref. 31752]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bergi (Gratzianov 1907) -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:233 [ref. 36249], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Freyhof et al. 2021:142 [ref. 38237], Çiçek et al. 2023:344 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:66 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bergi (Gratzianov 1907). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin (Azerbaijan, Turkey and possibly Iran). IUCN (2014): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

bergianus, Nemachilus Derjavin [A. N.] 1934:109, Fig. 8 [Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo otdela Zakavkazskogo filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR, Sektor Zoologii v. 7; ref. 19591] Kisum village, Shah-rud River, Safid Rud basin, Iran. Holotype (unique): ZIN 25433. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemachilus bergianus Derjavin 1934 -- (Berg 1949:875 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Nemacheilus bergianus Derjavin 1934 -- (Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869]). •Questionably valid or questionably a synonym of Nemacheilus angorae Steindachner 1897 -- (Coad 1995:21, 22 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Orthrias bergianus (Derzhavin 1934) -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:111 [ref. 23810]). •Valid as Barbatula bergianus (Derzhavin 1934) -- (based on status of Barbatula). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler 1877), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin 1934) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:43 [ref. 33140], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:883 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34789], Freyhof 2016:99 [ref. 34815], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2016:247 [ref. 34976], Freyhof & Abdullah 2017:84 [ref. 35169], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:552 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Eagderi et al. 2018:458 [ref. 35940], Esmaeili et al. 2018:43 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2018:240 [ref. 36249], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:162 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Rakici et al. 2020:410 [ref. 37960], Çiçek et al. 2021:173 [ref. 38560], Freyhof et al. 2021:142 [ref. 38237], Saygun et al. 2021:47 [ref. 38525], Freyhof et al. 2022:168 [ref. 39240], Çiçek et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:344 [ref. 40625], Turan et al. 2023:441 [ref. 40533], Çiçek et al. 2024:67 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea, Urmia and Namak Lake basins (Iraq, Iran and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

bertini, Nemacheilus Fang [P.-W.] 1941:253 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 13173] High valleys of Mongolia, China. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3800 (1), B-2640 [ex MNHN 0000-3800] (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:99 [ref. 19574] as syntypes. •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Zhu 1989:114 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:212 [ref. 21205] as stoliczkae). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Kottelat 2012:130 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bhimachari, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1937:13, Fig. 5 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 39 (pt 1); ref. 15279] Thunga River at Shimoga, Karnataka, southern India. Holotype: ZSI F12178/1. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:122 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:363 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus striatus Day 1867 -- (Menon 1987:113 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:505 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:180 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Valid species, genus uncertain -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:445 [ref. 23187]). •Synonym of Longischistura striatus (Day 1867). •Valid as Schistura bhimachari (Hora 1937) -- (Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Sudasinghe 2017:108 [ref. 35539]). Current status: Valid as Schistura bhimachari (Hora 1937). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southern India. Habitat: freshwater.

bilturio, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] 1822:358, 395 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Brahmaputra River at Gualpara [Goalpara], Assam, India. No types known. Kottelat 2012:75 [ref. 32367] as first reviser gives preference to turbio over bilturio. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:46 [ref. 37532]. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 226 [ref. 37532]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1987:141 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:180 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 1990:28 [ref. 14137], Ataur Rahman 2003:164 [ref. 31338], Kottelat 2012:75 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989], Grant 2008:14 [ref. 33826] but as a subgenus Paracanthocobitis). •Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Singer & Page 2015:386 [ref. 33823]). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bimucronata, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1839:304, 435, Pl. 51 (fig. 4) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Northeastern Bengal. Based on Hamilton manuscript drawings from Northeastern India (Menon 1987:141 [ref. 14149]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1987:141 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:180 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 1990:28 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:75 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Singer & Page 2015:386 [ref. 33823]). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

binotatus, Nemacheilus Smith [H. M.] 1933:61, Pl. 1 (fig. 4) [Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 4051] Mekhan, tributary of Meping, southwest of Doi Sutep, northern Thailand. Holotype: KUMF 0167. Paratypes: KUMF 0168 (1). Type catalog: Monkolprasit 1969:6 [ref. 23217]. •Valid as Nemacheilus binotatus Smith 1933 -- (Kottelat 1990:46 [ref. 14137], Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832], Freyhof & Serov 2001:137 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2021:283 [ref. 38162], Kottelat 2022:98 [ref. 39206]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus binotatus Smith 1933. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Chao Phraya basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

blackiana, Nemacheilus barbatulus forma Băcescu-Meşter [L.] 1967:369 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 7; ref. 7940] Regarded as infrasubspecific by Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952]. Not available, infrasubspecific; from Black Beck River, England. •In the synonymy of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758). Nemacheilidae.

bleekeri, Nemachilus Sauvage [H.-E.] & Dabry de Thiersant [P.] 1874:15 [Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris (Zoologie et Paléontologie) (Sér. 6) v. 1 (art. 5); ref. 15665] Yenkiatsoun, southern Shen Si, China. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-7890 (1), B-2642 [ex MNHN 0000-7890] (7). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:98 [ref. 19574]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Precise location of Yenkiatsoun unknown (He et al. 2008:49 [ref. 29558]). See also Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367] for locality information. •Valid as Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Zhu 1989:108 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:189 [ref. 21205], Ding 1994:81 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:117 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:78 [ref. 23556], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Chen & Yang 2005:606 [ref. 28119], He et al. 2008:50 [ref. 29558] as status uncertain, Wu & Wang 2009:382 [ref. 30911], Zheng et al. 2010:[3] [ref. 30841], He et al. 2012:279 [ref. 32339], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Yan et al. 2015:304 [ref. 33966], Bashir et al. 2016:479 [ref. 34447], Zhang et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34477] with authorship as Sauvage & Dabry, Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665], Zhang et al. 2019:380 [ref. 36699] with author as Dabry de Thiersant, Guo 2021:563 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa bleekeri (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin, Sichuan and Gansu (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

blythii, Nemacheilus Day [F.] 1870:552 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 3) (art. 3) (for 25 Nov. 1869); ref. 1077] No locality [?Myanmar or India]. Syntypes: (2) ZSI A.960 (1, lost). Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Species inquirenda et incertae sedis in Nemacheilidae -- (Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Nemacheilus blythii Day 1870. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

bolavenensis, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:56, Fig. 28 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Huay Makchan-Gnai (Xe Nam Noy basin), south of Ban Taot, at turnoff to Xe Nam Noy Project, on road from pakse to Attapu, 15°04'14"N, 106°32'33"E, Champasak Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45328. Paratypes: CMK 15520 (17), LARRI uncat. (5), NRM 44890 (5), ZRC 45329 (5). •Valid as Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:104 [ref. 25780], Ou et al. 2011:199 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:355 [ref. 35511], Taki et al. 2021:214 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura bolavenensis Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, Bolaven Plateau, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

bombifrons, Nemachilus Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:67, Pls. 2, 4 [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Aksu darja, Tschertschen darja, Chotan River, Dol and Sampula. Kariensee Mts., Nija Oasis. Lectotype: ZIN 7359. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1891.10.7.34-35 [ex ZIN] (1, 1); ZIN 7292 (2), 7341-45 (1, 1, 1, 3, 5), 7359 (6+), 7378 (1); plus 7362 (5) and 7365 (6+) are types of subspecies incipiens from Kariensee Mts. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Lectotype selected by Prokofiev 2002:471 [ref. 26268]. •Valid as Triplophysa bombifrons (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Zhu 1989:96 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:183 [ref. 21205], Zhu 1995:116 [ref. 25213], Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613], Prokofiev 2002:471 [ref. 26268], Prokofiev 2006:255 [ref. 29061], Li et al. 2007:47 [ref. 29309], Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096], Zhang et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Tarimichthys bombifrons (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa bombifrons (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Karakurum Mountains (China). IUCN (2024): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

botia, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] 1822:350, 394 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Northeastern Bengal [Brahmapatra Riber, Goalpara, India on Hora 1929]. Neotype: BMNH 1889.2.1.1562. Neotype designated by Singer & Page 2015:388 [ref. 33823]. Information on type locality (originally Gualpara, Assam, India) see Britz 2019:46 [ref. 37532]. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 216 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Nemacheilus botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Shrestha 1978:37 [ref. 15970] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1987:141 [ref. 14149] as Noemachelius, Ataur Rahman 1989:145 [ref. 24860] as Nemachilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:472 [ref. 20764], Singh & Yazdani 1993:199 [ref. 24022] as Noemacheilus, Sen 1995:546 [ref. 23778], Zacharias et al. 1996:40 [ref. 25526], Sen 1999:197 [ref. 24750] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:180 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus, Yadav 2003:16 [ref. 27711]). •Valid as Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 1990:28 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:433 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832], Kullander et al. 1999:153 [ref. 23689], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2000:356 [ref. 25207], Vishwanath & Laisram 2001:200 [ref. 25886], Rafique et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27173], Mirza 2003:13 [ref. 27265], Ataur Rahman 2003:164 [ref. 31338], Shrestha 2008:129 [ref. 29923], Conway et al. 2011:1746 [ref. 31594], Kottelat 2012:50 [ref. 31992], Kottelat 2012:75 [ref. 32367], Ahmed et al. 2013:286 [ref. 32872], Gurung et al. 2013:4883 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989], Khynrian & Sen 2014:8 [ref. 33853], Zhang et al. 2016:127 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822), but a valid subgenus Paracanthocobitis (Hamilton 1822) -- (Grant 2008:14 [ref. 33826]). •Valid as Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Singer & Page 2015:386 [ref. 33823], Bleher 2018:190 [ref. 36647], Shangningam et al. 2019:533 [ref. 39230], Kosygin et al. 2022:663 [ref. 40736], Rime et al. 2022: 130 [ref. 39078], Tudu et al. 2022:43 [ref. 40484]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand and Yunnan (China). IUCN (2009): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

boutanensis, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1842:586 [Calcutta Journal of Natural History v. 2 (no. 8); ref. 2926] Bolan Pass, Afghanistan [now Bhutan]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.3.19.775. •Valid as Cobitis boutanensis McClelland 1842 -- (Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Nemacheilus boutanensis (McClelland 1842) -- (Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Paracobitis boutanensis (McClelland 1842) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:443 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2009:888 [ref. 30604], Kottelat 2012:99 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:340 [ref. 33744]). •Valid as Aborichthys boutanensis (McClelland 1842) -- (Thoni & Hard 2015:291 [ref. 33918] with authorship as McClelland and Griffith, Bleher 2018:118 [ref. 36647], Kosygin et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36729], Shangningam et al. 2019:370 [ref. 37201], Singh & Kosygin 2022:[7] [ref. 39743], Çiçek et al. 2023:48 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Aborichthys boutanensis (McClelland 1842). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: upper Brahmaputra basin, Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

brachypterus, Nemachilus robustus Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:40, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Gansu Province, China. Syntypes: ZIN 7320 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096] with comment, Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa brachyptera (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

brahui, Nemachilus Zugmayer [E.] 1912:598 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 10 (no. 60); ref. 14897] Kelat, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Syntypes: ZSM [old collection] (24) destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:267 [ref. 28925]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus brahui Zugmayer 1912 -- (Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus, Coad 1996:6 [ref. 23831]). •Synonym of Triplophysa griffithii (Günther 1868) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:511 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Triplophysa brahui (Zugmayer 1912) -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:116 [ref. 23810], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:16 [ref. 27265], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:15 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa brahui (Zugmayer 1912). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Afghanistan and Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

brandtii, Nemachilus Kessler [K. F.] 1877:174, Pl. 6 (fig. 23) [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Upper Kura River at Tbilis, Georgia, Eurasia. Syntypes: (5) BMNH 1897.7.5.39 [ex ZIN] (1) Tiflis, ZIN 2923 (4, lost in 1924). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus brandtii Kessler 1877 -- (Berg 1949:876 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus brandti, Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608] as brandti, Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869] as brandti). •Valid as Orthrias brandtii (Kessler 1877) -- (Bănărescu et al. 1978:260 [ref. 9016] as brandti, Nalbant & Bianco 1998:111 [ref. 23810] as brandti, Fricke et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Barbatula brandtii (Kessler 1877) -- (Erk'akan et al. 2007:78 [ref. 29026]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler 1877) -- (Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:168 [ref. 31251], Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kamangar et al. 2014:43 [ref. 33140], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:883 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34789], Freyhof 2016:94 [ref. 34815], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34976], Esmaeili et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35254], Eagderi et al. 2018:458 [ref. 35940], Esmaeili et al. 2018:44 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2018:240 [ref. 36249], Turan et al. 2019:[10] [ref. 36540], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:163 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:339 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2021:173 [ref. 38560], Freyhof et al. 2021:135 [ref. 38237], Saygun et al. 2021:47 [ref. 38525], Çiçek et al. 2023:344 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:67 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler 1877). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Kura and Aras River drainages, Caspian Sea basin (Georgia, Turkey and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

brevibarba, Triplophysa Ding [R.-H.] 1993:249 (English p. 251), Figs. 5-8 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 21972] Mianning County, 28°34'N, 102°10'E, Sichuan, China, elevation 2000 meters. Holotype: MSINR 900264. Paratypes: IHASW 85038 (1); MSINR 850384 (1, allotype), 900254-263 (10). Subjectively invalid; apparently secondarily preoccupied in Triplophysa by Nemachilus yarkandensis brevibarbus Herzenstein 1888 as treated by Wu & Wu 1992:257 [ref. 21205]. Replaced by Triplophysia dingi Prokofiev 2010, but Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367] disagrees saying an unneeded replacement name. •Valid as Triplophysa brevibarba Ding 1993 -- (Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613], He et al. 2012:278 [ref. 32339], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Yan et al. 2015:304 [ref. 33966], Zhang et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34477], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665], Guo 2021:594 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa brevibarba Ding 1993. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

brevibarbus, Nemachilus yarkandensis Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:78, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Aksu darja, Nija Oasis, Tschertschen darja, Dol and Sampulu. Syntypes: ZIN 7287 (1), 7298 (4), 7346 (2, lost), 7398 (3), 7361 (3). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Triplophysa yarkandensis (Day 1877) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:257 [ref. 21205]). •Synonym of Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day 1877) -- (Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Hedinichthys yarkandensis (Day 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

brevicauda, Nemachilus stoliczkae Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:23, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Dabsun Gobi, Mongolia or China. Lectotype: ZIN 7370. Paralectotypes: ZIN 7370a (5). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. The name stoliczkae is a misspelling of stoliczkai [originally stolickai Steindachner 1866 but incorrectly amended for letter "c" with diacritical mark]. Lectotype selected by Prokofiev 2007:16? [Engl. 12] [ref. 28990]. •Valid as Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Zhu 1989:107 [ref. 17744], Ding 1994:80 [ref. 21531], Zhang et al. 1995:55 [ref. 22734], Zhu 1995:117 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:77 [ref. 23556], Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613], Prokofiev 2007:16 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061], Zheng et al. 2010:[3] [ref. 30841], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989], Li et al. 2015:423 [ref. 33642], Yan et al. 2015:304 [ref. 33966], Zhang et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34477], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665], Zhang et al. 2019:381 [ref. 36699], Guo 2021:559 [ref. 38618], Wang et al. 2024:24 [ref. 40861]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa brevicauda (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin, China and ? Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

breviceps, Noemacheilus Smith [H. M.] 1945:308, Fig. 63 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Menam Mao, tributary of Menam Fang, Mekong basin, northern Thailand. Holotype (unique): USNM 117751. Type catalog: Vilasri et al. 2018:57 [ref. 36451]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Schistura breviceps (Smith 1945) -- (Kottelat 1990:108 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Endruweit et al. 2016:599 [ref. 34743], Vilasri et al. 2018:57 [ref. 36451], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Schistura breviceps (Smith 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River system (Thailand to Yunnan/China). Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Nemachilus Boulenger [G. A.] 1893:203 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 12 (no. 69); ref. 14522] Inlé Lake, Fort Stedman, southern Shan States, Myanmar, elevation 3000 feet. Lectotype: BMNH 1893.6.30.83. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1893.6.30.84-85 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Lectotype selected by Kottelat & Chu 1988:79 [ref. 13392]. •Valid as Nemacheilus brevis Boulenger 1893 -- (Menon 1987:181 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:473 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Yunnanilus brevis (Boulenger 1893) -- (Kottelat 1990:239 [ref. 14137], Doi 1997:18 [ref. 22832], An et al. 2009:632 [ref. 30709], Chen et al. 2012:61 [ref. 31907]). •Valid as Petruichthys brevis (Boulenger 1893) -- (Kottelat 2012:102 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989], Kano et al. 2016:9 [ref. 34887], Du et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38600] as Ptruichthys b., Fuke et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38221]). Current status: Valid as Petruichthys brevis (Boulenger 1893). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: middle Salween River basin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

brunneanus, Nemachilus Annandale [N.] 1918:44, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 14; ref. 127] Inlé Lake, Myanmar. Holotype: ZSI F9406/1. Paratypes: BMNH 1920.1.20.2-7 (6), MSNG 29804 [ex ZSI] (1), ZSI. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:363 [ref. 27706] with type locality as Yawnghwe Valley. •Valid as Nemacheilus brunneanus Annandale 1918 -- (Menon 1987:136 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:474 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Physoschistura brunneana (Annandale 1918) -- (Kottelat 1990:78 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:446 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832], Chen et al. 2011:180 [ref. 31359], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2011:6 [ref. 31362], Lokeshwor et al. 2012:9 [ref. 32001], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012:230 [ref. 32098], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012:102 [ref. 32325], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012:249 [ref. 32336], Kottelat 2012:102 [ref. 32367], Suvarnaraksha 2013:245 [ref. 32981], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989], Lalramliana et al. 2016:192 [ref. 34795], Tamang & Sinha 2016:287 [ref. 34804], Endruweit 2017:378 [ref. 35305], Das & Darshan 2017:412 [ref. 35638], Fuke et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38221]). Current status: Valid as Physoschistura brunneana (Annandale 1918). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Inlé Lake, middle Salween basin (Myanmar). Habitat: freshwater.

bucculentus, Noemacheilus Smith [H. M.] 1945:326, Fig. 74 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Huey Nam Puat at Ban Nam Puat, Laos. Holotype: USNM 107942. Paratypes: USNM 107896 (1), 107945 (1). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Schistura bucculenta (Smith 1945) -- (Zhu 1989:43 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:112 [ref. 14137], Zhu 1995:110 [ref. 25213], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Chen 1999:304 [ref. 24925], Kottelat 2001:104 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347], Taki et al. 2021:209 [ref. 39830], Kottelat 2023:529 [ref. 40452]). Current status: Valid as Schistura bucculenta (Smith 1945). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: upper Mekong River basin, northern Laos and Yunnan (China). Habitat: freshwater.

bureschi, Nemachilus Drensky [P.] 1928:160, Fig. 1 [Izvestija na Carskite Prirodonaucni Instituti va Sofija = Mitteilungen aus den Königlichen Naturwissenschaftlichen Instituten in Sofia, Bulgraien = Bulletin des Institutions Royales d'Histoire Naturelle à Sofia, Bulgarie v. 1; ref. 15891] Bezirk Radomir and a tributary of the Struma River in Bezirk Küstendil and Dupniza, Bulgaria. Syntypes: NMNHS (2). Original genus should have been Nemacheilus •Synonym of Orthrias brandtii (Kessler 1877), but a valid subspecies -- (Bănărescu et al. 1978:261 [ref. 9016], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:449 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Barbatula bureschi (Drensky 1928) -- (Kottelat 1997:94 [ref. 22952], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:172 [ref. 28369], Fricke et al. 2007:50 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bureschi (Drensky 1928) -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:143 [ref. 28767], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:333 [ref. 29996], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Barbieri et al. 2015:75 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35254], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:344 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:68 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus bureschi (Drensky 1928). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Aegean Sea watershed (Macedonia, Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

cacao, Nemacheilus Bohlen [J.], Kottelat [M.] & Šlechtová [V.] 2022:512, Figs. 1-5 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v.70; ref. 39797] Small tributary of Nam Thorn at cave Tham Nang Eng, Thakhek district, Khammouan Province, Laos, 17°26'39"N, 104°56'55"E. Holotype: ZRC 62553. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. •Valid as Nemacheilus cacao Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2022 -- (Kottelat 2023:110 [ref. 40015]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus cacao Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Xe Banfai drainage, middle Mekong basin, Khammouan Province, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

cakaensis, Triplophysa Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.] 1988:201 (English p. 204), Figs. 1-3 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 17647] Stream (Cakayanhu Lake drainage) near Caka town, Ulanxian County, 36°N, 98°E, Qinghai, China. Holotype: IHASW 561X0034. Paratypes: IHASW 561X0031-0033 (3), 561X0035-0060 (26). •Valid as Triplophysa cakaensis Cao & Zhu 1988 -- (Zhu 1989:120 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:227 [ref. 21205], Zhu 1995:118 [ref. 25213], Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613], Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34477], Feng et al. 2020:468 [ref. 37576]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa cakaensis Cao & Zhu 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

callichromus, Noemacheilus Zhu [S.-Q.] & Wang [S.-H.] 1985:214 [220], Figs. 13-17 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 8120] Babianjiang River, 24°20'N, 100°10'E, Jingdong County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: NIGLAS 810233. Paratypes: IHB F1969/44112-13 (2), NIGLAS (orig. 19). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. English description on p. 220. •Valid as Schistura callichromus (Zhu & Wang 1985) -- (Zhu 1989:53 [ref. 17744], Zhu 1995:111 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 2001:47 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2012:106 [ref. 32367], Endruweit 2014:153 [ref. 33205]). •Valid as Schistura callichroma Zhu & Eang 1985 -- (Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:88, 92 [ref. 32798], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2015:65 [ref. 33868], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Endruweit 2017:591 [ref. 35662]). Current status: Valid as Schistura callichroma (Zhu & Wang 1985). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

callidora, Schistura Bohlen [J.] & Šlechtová [V.] 2011:2, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 31362] Mouth of Nam Paw at confluence with Myitnge River at Hsipaw city, 22°37'24"N, 97°18'12"E, Shan State, Myanmar. Holotype: ZRC 52037. Paratypes: CMK 21899 (1), IAPG A3909=3910 (2), ZRC 52038 (4). •Valid as Schistura callidora Bohlen & Šlechtová 2011 -- (Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:4 [ref. 32463], Lalronunga et al. 2013:589 [ref. 32927], Bohlen et al. 2014:24 [ref. 33197], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2014:222 [ref. 33238]). Current status: Valid as Schistura callidora Bohlen & Šlechtová 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myit Nge River drainage, Irrawaddy River basin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

cambodgiensis, Tuberoschistura Kottelat [M.] 1990:237, Figs. 178 [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] A northern tributary of Grand Lac, at "Point Khmer" on road from Siem Reap to Kompong Thom, Stung Chikreng, Cambodia. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1988-0099. •Valid as Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat 1990 -- (Rainboth 1996:131 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:18 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:214 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2013:214 [ref. 32989], Taki et al. 2021:222 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Tuberoschistura cambodgiensis Kottelat 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

canicula, Paracanthocobitis Singer [R. A.] & Page [L. M.] 2015:389, Fig. 13 [Copeia v. 103 (no 2); ref. 33823] Mekong basin, O Kap at ford on Highway 197, 7 km S of Sasane River, trib. of Mekong River, Cambodia, 13.872N, 107.297E. Holotype: UMMZ 234617. Paratype: ZRC. •Valid as Paracanthocobitis canicula Singer & Page 2015. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis canicula Singer & Page 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mekong basin, Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

canlinensis, Troglonectes Li [S.‑J.], Ge [J.‑K.], Bao [C.‑Y.], Du [L.‑N.], Luo [F.‑G.] & Zou [T.‑X.] 2023:2, Fig. 1 [Animals v. 13 (no. 10); ref. 40200] Andong Town, Xincheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 24°18.57'N, 108°59.61'E, elevation 179 meters. Holotype: KIZ GXNU202210. Paratypes: KIZ GXNU202207-09 (9). •Valid as Troglonectes canlinensis Li, Ge, Bao, Du, Luo & Zou 2023. Current status: Valid as Troglonectes canlinensis Li, Ge, Bao, Du, Luo & Zou 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: karst cave, Andong Town, Pearl River basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

caohaiensis, Yunnanilus Ding [R.-H.] 1992:489 [491], Fig. 1 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 4); ref. 22049] Caohai Lake, Weining County, 26°49'-26°53'N, 104°12'-104°18'E, Guizhou, China, elevation 2172 meters. Holotype: MSINR 900077. Paratypes: (350) IHASW 900053; MSINR 900052 (1, allotype), 90005-51, 900054-76, 900078-117. On p. 491 in English. •Valid as Yunnanilus caohaiensis Ding 1992 -- (Zhu 1995:548 [ref. 25213], Li et al. 2000:351 [ref. 26012], Chen et al. 2012:62 [ref. 31907], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Du et al. 2015:254 [ref. 34050], Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Eonemachilus caohaiensis (Ding 1992) -- (Du et al. 2021:316 [ref. 38600]). Current status: Valid as Eonemachilus caohaiensis (Ding 1992). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Caohai Lake (Guizhou, China). Habitat: freshwater.

carbonaria, Schistura Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.] 2001:145, Figs. 14-16 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Khe Vinh An at Nam Dong village about 40 kilometers south of Hue, 16°11.58'N, 107°43.76'E, Thua Thien Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 26593. Paratypes: CMK 16015 (4); ZFMK 26594-653 (60), 26654-64 (11), 26665-69 (5), Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Schistura carbonaria Freyhof & Serov 2001 -- (Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841]). Current status: Valid as Schistura carbonaria Freyhof & Serov 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thua Thien province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

carletoni, Nemacheilus Fowler [H. W.] 1924:68, Fig. 2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 76; ref. 15446] Kooloo [= Kulu] Valley, India. Holotype: MCZ 18748. •Valid as Nemacheilus carletoni Fowler 1924 -- (Menon 1987:55 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:475 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:169 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura carletoni (Fowler 1924) -- (Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Lalronunga et al. 2013:589 [ref. 32927], Khynrian & Sen 2014:15 [ref. 33853], Solo et al. 2014:259 [ref. 33517]). Current status: Valid as Schistura carletoni (Fowler 1924). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Assam, Sikkim and Himachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

cataracta, Aborichthys Arunachalam [M.], Raja [M.], Punniyam [M.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2014:34, Figs. 1-2 [Species v. 7 (no. 18); ref. 33198] Arunachal Pradesh, stream joining with Ranga River, Hong Village, Upper Subanshri District, 27°32'766"N, 93°51'57E, India. Holotype: MSUMNH 2. Paratypes: CMA 15 (2), MSUMNH 57 (6), ZSI/SRS F8575 (1). •Valid as Aborichthys cataracta Arunachalam, Raja, Punniyam & Mayden 2014 -- (Raghavan et al. 2014:741 [ref. 34574], Bleher 2018:120 [ref. 36647], Kosygin et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36729], Shangningam et al. 2019:370 [ref. 37201], Singh & Kosygin 2022:[7] [ref. 39743]). Current status: Valid as Aborichthys cataracta Arunachalam, Raja, Punniyam & Mayden 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Ranga River drainage, upper Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

cataracta, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1998:70, Figs. 109-110 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Theun, waterfall at 18°01'40"N, 104°58'54"E, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 41793. Paratypes: CMK 12254 (58), 14356 (5); DFV uncat. (10); NRM 36707 (8); ZRC 41794 (8). •Valid as Schistura cataracta Kottelat 1998 -- (Kottelat 2001:104 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Kottelat 2017:704 [ref. 35677]). Current status: Valid as Schistura cataracta Kottelat 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam Theun watershed, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

caucasicus, Nemachilus barbatulus var. Berg [L. S.] 1898:67 [26] [Izvestija Kavkazskago Muzeja = Mitteilungen des Kaukasischen Museums = Bulletin du Musée du Caucase v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 20653] Argun River, Terek River basin, Russia. Syntypes: (many). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. On p. 26 of Russian issue. •Synonym of Nemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:872 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus, Lelek 1987:256 [ref. 22962] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:95 [ref. 23591], Gabrielyan 2001:28 [ref. 25867], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367] with question, Parin et al. 2014:103 [ref. 33547] with question). Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

caudofurca, Barbatula Mai [D. Y.] 1978:233, Fig. 106 [Identification of the fresh-water fishes of North Viet Nam v. 1; ref. 13511] Nâm-Công (Mã River), northern Vietnam. Syntypes: DVZUT. •Valid as Schistura caudofurca (Mai 1978) -- (Kottelat 2001:47 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2001:104 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:25 [ref. 32804], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:153 [ref. 33205], Endruweit 2015:65 [ref. 33868], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841], Taki et al. 2021:218 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura caudofurca (Mai 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: northern Vietnam, Laos and southeast China. Habitat: freshwater.

cehengensis, Karstsinnectes Luo [T.], Zhao [X.-R.] & Zhou [J.] in Zhao, Lan, Luo, Yu, Zhou, Xiao & Zhou 2024:107, Figs. 3-4, 5A-B [Zoological Systematics v. 49 (no. 2); ref. 41034] Cave in Bayan Village, Rongdu Town, Ceheng County, Guizhou Province, China, 25.11225901N, 105.72195053E, elevation 1,259 meters. Holotype: GZNU 20230106002. Paratypes: GZNU 20230215002-0215006 (5). •Valid as Karstsinnectes cehengensis Luo, Zhao & Zhou 2024. Current status: Valid as Karstsinnectes cehengensis Luo, Zhao & Zhou 2024. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave system, Beipanjiang River basin, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

cehengensis, Triplophysa Luo [T.], Mao [M.-L.], Zhao [X.-R.], Xiao [N.] & Zhou [J.] in Luo, Mao, Lan, Song, Zhao, Yu, Wang, Xiao, Zhou & Zhou 2023:55, Figs. 4-6 [ZooKeys No. 1185; ref. 40607] Longjing Village, Rongdu Town, Ceheng County, Guizhou Province, China, 25.0410879°N, 105.72512627°E, elevation circa 1228 meters. Holotype: CNGZNU 20230214010. Paratypes: CNGZNU 20230214011 (1), 20230214012 (1). •Valid as Triplophysa cehengensis Luo, Mao, Zhao, Xiao & Zhou 2023 -- (Lan et al. 2024:259 [ref. 41619]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa cehengensis Luo, Mao, Zhao, Xiao & Zhou 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave in Longjing Village, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

celata, Mustura Kottelat [M.] 2018:297, Figs. 11-18 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 28 (no. 4) [IEF-1080]; ref. 36206] Nan Mon Chaung [stream], about 2 km upstream of Nan Mon village [also Nan Mun or Nam Mun village], Lake Indawgyi basin, Kachin State, Myanmar, 24°59'05"N, 96°20'44"E. Holotype: MHNG 2772.057. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Mustura celata Kottelat 2018 -- (Chinglemba et al. 2021:560 [ref. 38874], Rameshori et al. 2022:293 [ref. 39209], Qin et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39513]). Current status: Valid as Mustura celata Kottelat 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Lake Indawgyi and Irrawaddy River basin, Kachin State, northern Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

cemali, Oxynoemacheilus Turan [D.], Kaya [C.], Kalayci [G.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Aksu [İ.] 2019:[2], Figs.1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v.94 (no. 3); ref. 36540] Stream Yaglı, about 2 km southeast of lncesu, Erzurum Province, Turkey, 40°18'30.49"N, 41°00'24.36"E. Holotype: FFR 15504. Paratypes: FFR. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:425 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cemali Turan, Kaya, Kalayci, Bayçelebi & Aksu 2019 -- (Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Saygun et al. 2021:47 [ref. 38525], Çiçek et al. 2023:345 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:69 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cemali Turan, Kaya, Kalayci, Bayçelebi & Aksu 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eurasia: Çoruh and upper Yesilırmak River drainages, Black Sea basin (Turkey and probably Georgia). Habitat: freshwater.

ceyhanensis, Schistura Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2007:80, Fig. 10 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Yalak Village, Elbistan, Kahramanmaras Province, 38°39'N, 36°37'E, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC CEY-1. Paratypes: HUIC CEY-1 (3). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007) -- (Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Kaya et al. 2020:289 [ref. 37622], Çiçek et al. 2023:345 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:69 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus ceyhanensis (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Ceyhan River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Kahramanmaraş Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

chaboras, Oxynoemacheilus Kaya [C.], Kurtul [I.], Aksu [İ.], Oral [M.] & Freyhof [J.] 2024:460, Figs. 2-4 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 2); ref. 41035] Stream Beyazsu, 14 km north of Nusaybin, Mardin Province, Turkey, 37.1989, 41.3076. Holotype: FFR 15646. Paratypes: FFR, FSJF. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus chaboras Kaya, Kurtul, Aksu, Oral & Freyhof 2024. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus chaboras Kaya, Kurtul, Aksu, Oral & Freyhof 2024. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyazsu stream drainage, upper Euphrates River basin, Mardin Province, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

chandagaitensis, Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev [A. M.] 2002:S55, Fig. 4a [Journal of Ichthyology v. 42 (suppl. 1); ref. 27462] Chandagaity River in the village of Chandagaity (Tuva Republic, Russia), 50°44'N, 92°08'E. Holotype: ZISP 52199. Paratypes: ZISP 52200 (7). Additional material: (2, osteol. prep.). For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831]. •Synonym of Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev 2002 but a valid subspecies as described. •Valid as Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev 2002 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:116 [ref. 28183]). •Synonym of Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev 2002 -- (Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa chandagaitensis Prokofiev 2002. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Chandagaity River, Tuva Republic, Russia. Habitat: freshwater.

change, Homatula Endruweit [M.] 2015:66, Figs. 1, 3-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33868] Yunnan, Puer Prefecture, Jiangcheng County, hill stream close to Yiwanshui village, a tributary to Mengyejiang River, Black River, Red River basin, 22°35.759'N, 101°45.488'E, China, elevation 953 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2012004205. Paratypes: KIZ, ZFMK, ZRC. •Valid as Homatula change Endruweit 2015 -- (Endruweit et al. 2018:565 [ref. 35763], Li et al. 2019:346 [ref. 37175], Zhou et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38386], Nguyen et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38733], Min et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39113], Li et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39800], Che et al. 2023:284 [ref. 40280]). Current status: Valid as Homatula change Endruweit 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Black River drainage, Red River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

chapaensis, Nemacheilus Rendahl [H.] 1944:35, Fig. 18 [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Sapa, Láo Chi Province, Vietnam. Holotype: NHMG. •Valid as Barbatula chapaensis (Rendahl 1944) -- (Mai 1978:237 [ref. 13511]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus fasciolatus (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Zhu & Cao 1987:327 [ref. 14139] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Zhu 1989:47 [ref. 17744]). •Valid as Schistura chapaensis (Rendahl 1944) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Kottelat 2001:47 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Schistura chapaensis (Rendahl 1944). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Láo Chi Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

chhimtuipuiensis, Physoschistura Lalramliana [no initials], Lalhlimpuia [D. V.], Solo [B.] & Vanramliana [no initials] 2016:193, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4173 (no. 2); ref. 34795] Ngengpui River, a tributary of Kaladan River, in the vicinity of Khawmawi, Lunglei district, Mizoram, India, 22°31'18"N, 92°46'27"E. Holotype: PUCMF 14062. Paratypes: PUCMF. •Valid as Physoschistura chhimtuipuiensis Lalramliana, Lalhlimpuia, Solo & Vanramliana 2016 -- (Endruweit 2017:378 [ref. 35305], Das & Darshan 2017:412 [ref. 35638], Bleher 2018:201 [ref. 36647]). •Valid as Mustura chhimtuipuiensis (Lalramliana, Lalhlimpuia, Solo & Vanramliana 2016) -- (Kottelat 2018:292 [ref. 36206], Choudhury et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38288], Rameshori et al. 2022:292 [ref. 39209]). Current status: Valid as Mustura chhimtuipuiensis (Lalramliana, Lalhlimpuia, Solo & Vanramliana 2016). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Kaladan River drainage, Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

chindwinensis, Physoschistura Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.] 2012:231, Figs. 1-4 [Ichthyological Research v. 59 (no. 3); ref. 32098] Lokchao [as Loakchao on p. 232] River at Moreh, 24°15'03"N, 94°17'59"E, Chindwin basin, Manipur, India, elevation 212 meters. Holotype: MUMF 11077. Paratypes: MUMF 11074-076 [?075] (given as 2), 11076-084 (6), 11085-086 (2), 11087-089 (3); SZI FF 4603/3 (3). •Valid as Physoschistura chindwinensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012 -- (Lokeshor & Wishwanath 2012:102 [ref. 32325], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012:101 [ref. 32325], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012:253 [ref. 32336], Kottelat 2012:102 [ref. 32367], Suvarnaraksha 2013:246 [ref. 32981], Kottelat 2013:203 [ref. 32989], Khynrian & Sen 2014:12 [ref. 33853], Lalramliana et al. 2016:198 [ref. 34795], Tamang & Sinha 2016:287 [ref. 34804], Endruweit 2017:378 [ref. 35305], Das & Darshan 2017:410 [ref. 35638], Bleher 2018:200 [ref. 36647]). •Valid as Mustura chindwinensis (Lokeswor & Vishwanath 2012) -- (Kottelat 2018:292 [ref. 36206], Choudhury et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38288], Chinglemba et al. 2021:563 [ref. 38874], Rameshori et al. 2022:293 [ref. 39209]). Current status: Valid as Mustura chindwinensis (Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Lokchao River drainage, Chindwin-Irrawaddy basin, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

chindwinicus, Nemacheilus Tilak [R.] & Husain [A.] 1990:51, Figs. 1-5 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 66 (no. 1); ref. 20185] Brahmaputra basin, Lanjha stream, Manipur, India. Holotype (unique): NRS/ZSI F613. •Valid as Nemacheilus chindwinicus Tilak & Husain 1990 -- (Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura chindwinica (Tilak & Husain 1990) -- (Vishwanath & Nebeshwar 2004:326 [ref. 28011], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2011:1518 [ref. 31183], Lokeshwor et al. 2012:261 [ref. 32337], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor et al. 2013:587 [ref. 32764], Lalronunga et al. 2013:589 [ref. 32927], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:574 [ref. 32971], Khynrian & Sen 2014:15 [ref. 33853], Shangningam et al. 2014:189 [ref. 33318], Solo et al. 2014:258 [ref. 33517], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] [ref. 33603], Lalramliana et al. 2014:211 [ref. 33628], Bleher 2018:208 [ref. 36647], Choudhury et al. 2019:50 [ref. 36483]). Current status: Valid as Schistura chindwinica (Tilak & Husain 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Brahmaputra River system, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

chlorosoma, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1839:305, 437, Pl. 52 (fig. 3) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Upper Assam, India. No types known. •Questionably a senior synonym of Acanthocobitis zonalternans (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat 2012:76 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Singer et al. 2017:105 [ref. 35606]). •Valid as Paracanthocobitis chlorosoma (McClelland 1839) -- (Bleher 2018:197 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

chomanicus, Oxynoemacheilus Kamangar [B. B.], Prokofiev [A. M.], Ghaderi [E.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2014:46, Fig. 5 [Zootaxa 3755 (no. 1); ref. 33140] Baneh River, (Korhe-Pazi sta. 8), Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran, 36°01'03"N, 45°55'20"E. Holotype: FCFUK 176. Paratypes: FCFUK 177-209 (33), ZMUU 23066 (4). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant 2014 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:883 [ref. 34062], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34789], Freyhof 2016:94 [ref. 34815], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34976], Freyhof & Abdullah 2017:84 [ref. 35169], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:559 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Esmaeili et al. 2018:44 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:164 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:345 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:69 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus chomanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

chondrostoma, Nemachilus Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:36, Pl. 3 (fig. 7) [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Bajan gol River, Mongolia or China. Holotype: ZIN 7219. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Triplophysa chondrostoma (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Zhu 1989:126 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:262 [ref. 21205], Zhu 1995:119 [ref. 25213], Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2009:695 [ref. 39772], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34477], Feng et al. 2020:468 [ref. 37576], Sheraliev et al. 2022:62 [ref. 39759]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa chondrostoma (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Central Asia: Qaidam basin, Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater.

chongzuo, Paranemachilus Du [L.-N.], Xu [F.], Luo [F.-G.] & Zhou [J.] in Du, Li, Xu, Luo, Luo, Yu & Zhou 2023:7, Fig. 5 [Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research = Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 2023; ref. 40265] Daxin County, Chongzuo City, Guangxi, China, 22°37'21.72"N, 107°7'12.88"E. Holotype: KIZ 2022000019. Paratypes: KIZ 2022000020-23 (4). Not available from this electronic publication without Zoobank Registration. •Incorrectly valid as Paranemachilus chongzuo Du, Xu, Luo & Zhou 2023 -- (Mo et al. 2024:1381 [ref. 41636]). Current status: Unknown. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Zuojiang River drainage, Chongzuo City, Guangxi, China [if validated]. Habitat: freshwater.

choprai, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1934:310, Fig. 9 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 36 (pt 3); ref. 18309] Lutkuh River, near Hot Springs, Chitral Valley, Pakistan. Holotype: ZSI F11301/1. Paratypes: BMNH 1932.8.2.1-6 [6] possible, presented by Hora 1932 from type locality. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:363 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Berg 1949:864 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Status uncertain -- (Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348]). •Valid as Indotriplophysa choprai (Hora 1934) -- (Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Triplophysa choprai (Hora 1934) -- (Menon 1987:200 [ref. 14149], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:510 [ref. 20764], Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613], Mirza 2003:16 [ref. 27265], Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096], Prokofiev 2017: 172 [ref. 31096], Usharamalakshmi et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36315], Çiçek et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa choprai (Hora 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Pakistan and Kashmir. Habitat: freshwater.

choresmi, Nemachilus amudarjensis Berg [L. S.] 1932:149, Fig. 2 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 98 (nos 5/6); ref. 16357] Amu-Darya River delta, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: ZIN 23866-68 (1, 1, 1), 23898 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Prokofiev 2001:210 [ref. 26612] lists ZIN 23866 as holotype (as ZISP #s). •Synonym of Nemacheilus amudarjensis Rass 1929, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:882 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus, see Coad 1981:13 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Dzihunia amudarjensis (Rass 1929) -- (Prokofiev 2001:210 [ref. 26612], Prokofiev 2009:891 [ref. 30604], Kottelat 2012:82 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Dzihunia amudarjensis (Rass 1929). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

christofferi, Turcinoemacheilus Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Vatandoust [S.], Doadrio [I.] & Ghanavi [H. R.] 2023:12, Figs. 8-9 [Diversity v. 15; ref. 40707] Gholiyan River, tributary of Bakhtiyari River, Karun drainage, Lorestan Province, Iran, 33.07499, 49.64562. Holotype: BIAUBM 4-H. Paratype: FSJF 4122 (1). •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus christofferi Jouladeh-Roudbar, Vatandoust, Doadrio & Ghanavi 2023 -- (Çiçek et al. 2024:109 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus christofferi Jouladeh-Roudbar, Vatandoust, Doadrio & Ghanavi 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Bakhtiyari River drainage, Karun River basin (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

chryseus, Nemacheilus Day [F.] 1873:529 [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 11; ref. 17368] Bowany River, Neilgherries, India. Syntypes: (3) AMS B.7489 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:156 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:296 [ref. 25110]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus denisoni Day 1867 -- (Menon 1987:93 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:171 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Schistura denisoni (Day 1867) -- (Kottelat 2012:108 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Schistura denisoni (Day 1867). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysicristinae, Schistura Nalbant [T. T.] 1998:372, Fig. 1 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" No. 40; ref. 26011] Batman River, a tributary of upper Tigris at Catalköprü, about 18 kilometers east from Silvan, Turkey. Holotype: ISBB uncat. Paratypes: ISBB uncat. (2), MGAB (1). •Valid as Schistura chrysicristinae Nalbant 1998 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:52 [ref. 29533] Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:20 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:246 [ref. 37644]). •Valid as Paraschistura chrysicristinae (Nalbant 1998) -- (Kottelat 2012:101 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:355 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:99 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura chrysicristinae (Nalbant 1998). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: upper Tigris River [Dicle Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Diyarbakιr Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

chrysolaimos, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] (ex Kuhl & van Hasselt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:27, Pl. 521 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Java, Indonesia. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3961 [ex RMHH]. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2972 [ex RMNH] (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:96 [ref. 19574]. Lectotype selected by Kottelat 1984:241 [ref. 5292]. •Valid as Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1993:25 [ref. 21799], Kottelat et al. 1993:54 [ref. 23448], Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832], Hadiaty & Siebert 2001:187 [ref. 25685], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2009:124 [ref. 30124], Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989], Hubert et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36547], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes 1846). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Java (Indonesia) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

chuanheensis, Yunnanilus Jiang [W.-S.], Zhao [Y.-P.], Du [L.-N.] & Wang [M.] 2021:2, Figs. 1A-D [Zoological Research v. 42 (no. 2); ref. 38124] Chuanhe, upper reaches of the Lixianjiang River, Red River basin, Baohua Town, Nanjian County, Yunnan Province, China, 24°52'07.2"N, 100°28'09.6"E, elevation about 144 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2016007379. Paratypes: KIZ 2016007380-90 (11). •Valid as Yunnanilus chuanheensis Jiang, Zhao, Du & Wang 2021 -- (Du et al. 2021:324 [ref. 38600], He et al. 2024:202 [ref. 40917], Qin et al. 2024:752 [ref. 41214]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus chuanheensis Jiang, Zhao, Du & Wang 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Lixianjiang River drainage, upper Red River basin (Yunnan, China). Habitat: freshwater.

chui, Yunnanilus Yang [J.-X.] 1991:199, Fig. 3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 13585] Fuxian Lake, Haikou, 24°29'N, 102°56'E, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 893095. Paratypes: KIZ 893088-94 (7), 893096-132 (37). •Valid as Yunnanilus chui Yang 1991 -- (Yang & Chen 1995:11 [ref. 23555], An et al. 2009:635 [ref. 30709], Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477], Du et al. 2021:325 [ref. 38600], He et al. 2024:201 [ref. 40917]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus chui Yang 1991. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan (China). Habitat: freshwater.

chulabhornae, Physoschistura Suvarnaraksha [A.] 2013:237, Figs. 1-3, 4-5 [Zootaxa 3736 (no. 3); ref. 32981] Huay Maetalanoi, Ban Maetala, T. Maedaed, Maechaen District, near a village, 18°55'35.43"N, 98°22'45.63"E, tributary of Ping River, northern Chaophraya River basin, Naechaem District, Chiangmai Province, Thailand. Holotype: MARNM 3998. Paratypes: MARNM 3999 (36), NIFI 04836 (3), UF 185354 (3). •Valid as Physoschistura chulabhornae Suvarnaraksha 2013 -- (Lalramliana et al. 2016:192 [ref. 34795], Tamang & Sinha 2016:287 [ref. 34804], Endruweit 2017:378 [ref. 35305], Das & Darshan 2017:410 [ref. 35638]). •Possibly in Mustura -- (Kottelat 2018:292 [ref. 36206], Choudhury et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38288]). Current status: Valid as Physoschistura chulabhornae Suvarnaraksha 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Maechaem River drainage, Chiangmai, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

ciceki, Oxynoemacheilus Sungur [S.], Jalili [P.] & Eagderi [S.] 2017:376, Figs. 1-5 [Iranian Journal of Ichthyology v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 35750] Sultan Marsh, Kayseri Province, Turkey, 38°23'23.53"N, 35°21'54.52"E. Holotype: NHVUIC 2017-03-15-h. Paratypes: IMNRF-UT, NHVUIC. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus ciceki Sungur, Jalili & Eagderi 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2021:376 [ref. 38333], Çiçek et al. 2023:346 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:70 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus ciceki Sungur, Jalili & Eagderi 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sultan Marsh, eastern Central Anatolia, Kayseri Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

cilicicus, Oxynoemacheilus Kaya [C.], Turan [D.], Bayçelebi [E.], Kalayci [G.] & Freyhof [J.] 2020:289, Figs. 2-5 [Zootaxa 4808 (no. 2); ref. 37622] Irrigation canal 6 km southeast of Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey, 36.3465, 33.9806. Holotype: FFR 15579. Paratypes: FFR 15560 (18); FSJF 4098 (5). Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:425 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cilicicus Kaya, Turan, Bayçelebi, Kalayci & Freyhof 2020 -- (Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Kaya et al. 2021:564 [ref. 38174], Çiçek et al. 2023:346 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:70 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cilicicus Kaya, Turan, Bayçelebi, Kalayci & Freyhof 2020. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lower Göksu, Seyhan and Ceyhan River basins, southern Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

cincticauda, Cobitis Blyth [E.] 1860:172 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 29 (no. 2); ref. 477] Mae Nam Moei watershed, about 30 km north of Mae Sot, Myanmar [Tenasserim Provinces]. Neotype: ZSM 27474 [ex ZRC 38458 and NIFI 2060]. Type catalog: Neumann 2011:239 [ref. 31652]. Holotype at ZSI lost; neotype designated by Kottelat 1990:118 [ref. 14137]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Valid as Nemacheilus cincticauda (Blyth 1961) -- (Menon 1987:123 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:475 [ref. 20764], Sen 1999:198 [ref. 24750] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura cincticauda (Blyth 1860) -- (Kottelat 1990:115 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187] as cicticauda, Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:173 [ref. 31357], Ou et al. 2011:197 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Plongsesthee et al. 2013:178 [ref. 33012], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:358 [ref. 33494], Khynrian & Sen 2014:15 [ref. 33853], Dvořák et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40537]). Current status: Valid as Schistura cincticauda (Blyth 1860). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Moei River drainage, Salween basin, Myanmar and Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

cinerea, Cobites (Acoura) Swainson [W.] 1839:310 [The natural history and classification v. 2; ref. 4303] Kosia River, India. No types known. Based on Ham. 359. No 12 -- which is Hamilton 1822:359, "12th Species.-- Cobitis corica." Unneeded new name for Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton 1822). •Objective synonym of Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton 1822) -- (Menon 1987:89 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:169 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of 'Nemacheilus' corica (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:90 [rfef. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cinica, Barbatula Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2007:73, Fig. 4 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Road of Kütahya to Denizli, Cin Stream, upper Emir drainage, 37°40'41.07"N, 29°30'13.09"E [corrected], Turkey. Holotype: HUIC BM-3. Paratypes: HUIC BM-3 (23). •Valid as Barbatula cinica Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007 -- (Erk'akan et al. 2008:117 [ref. 29859]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cinicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Erk'akan 2012:97 [ref. 32281], Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus germencicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007) -- (Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2022:463 [ref. 39236], Çiçek et al. 2024:75 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus germencicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

clatrata, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:56, Fig. 29 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Cha Ngao, an east side tributary of Xe Kong, entering it about 8 kilometers upriver of Muang Kaleum, 15°46'08"N, 106°45'54"E, Xekong Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45330. Paratypes: CMK 15800 (31), LARRI uncat. (8), NRM 44911 (8), ZRC 45331 (8). •Valid as Schistura clatrata Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:104 [ref. 25780], Ou et al. 2011:199 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:72 [ref. 35486], Kottelat 2017:356 [ref. 35511], Taki et al. 2021:204 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura clatrata Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, southern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

cleopatra, Nemacheilus Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.] 2001:138, Figs. 5-7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] River Sol near Plao Ganong, about 60 kilometers south of Pleiku, 13°31.82'N, 108°18.63'E, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 27155. Paratypes: CMK 16023 (3), ZFMK 26056-81 (25). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov 2001 -- (Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus cleopatra Freyhof & Serov 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

cobdonensis, Nemacheilus Gundriser [A. N.] 1973:253, Fig. 4 [Siberian aquatic resources and their prospective fishery utilization; ref. 28184] Tuva, Lakes Khintiktig-Khol and Ak-Khol Khos and River Mogen-Buren, basin of River Kobdo, Russia. Syntypes: probably lost. •Valid as Triplophysa cobdonensis (Gundriser 1973) -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:116 [ref. 28183]). •Questionably a synonym of Barbatula compressirostris (Warpachowski 1897) -- (Kottelat 2006:51 [ref. 28831]). •Questionably valid as Barbatula cobdonensis (Gundriser 1973) -- (Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2015:460 [ref. 34065], Prokofiev 2016:401 [ref. 34693], Dyldin et al. 2020:87 [ref. 37569]). •Valid as Barbatula cobdonensis (Gundriser 1973) -- (Dyldin et al. 2023:[8] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Uncertain as Barbatula cobdonensis (Gundriser 1973). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: North Asia: Upper Chovd River drainage (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

coccinocola, Homatula Endruweit [M.], Min [R.] & Yang [J.-X.] 2018:558, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4375 (no. 4); ref. 35763] Tengtiaojiang River, Red River basin, Jiache town, Honghe City, Yunnan Province, China, 23°17'27.4"N, 102°11'19.1"E, elevation 1220 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2011002847. Paratypes: KIZ. •Valid as Homatula coccinocola Endruweit, Min & Yang 2018 -- (Li et al. 2019:346 [ref. 37175], Zhou et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38386], Nguyen et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38733], Min et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39113], Li et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39800], Che et al. 2023:284 [ref. 40280]). Current status: Valid as Homatula coccinocola Endruweit, Min & Yang 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Black River, Red River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

colossa, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2017:342, Figs. 2-6 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35511] Xe Pian at dam site, near Ban Nongphanouan, Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Laos, 15°03'28"N, 106°31'29"E, elevation 757 meters. Holotype: MHNG 2767.084. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Schistura colossa Kottelat 2017 -- (Taki et al. 2021:221 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura colossa Kottelat 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Bolaven Plateau, southern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

compressirostris, Nemachilus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1897:270, Pl. 11 (figs. 1-3) [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 2; ref. 4515] Lakes in northwestern Mongolia [possibly an error, probably a lake in the vicinity of Kosh-Agach]. Lectotype: ZIN 11298 (158 mm). Paralectotypes: ZIN 11298 (1). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:51 [ref. 28831]. Lectotype selected by Prokofiev 2016:392 [ref. 34693]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:869 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Vasil'eva 1998:95 [ref. 23591], Sideleva 2001:54 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:11 [ref. 27815], Prokofiev 2016:392 [ref. 34693] with doubt). •Synonym of Orthrias barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Prokofiev 2007:17 [ref. 30343]). •Valid as Barbatula compressirostris (Warpachowski 1897) -- (Kottelat 2006:51 [ref. 28831], Cao et al. 2012:236 [ref. 32335], Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367] with question, Prokofiev 2015:460 [ref. 34065] with question, Prokofiev 2018:273 [ref. 35878], Dyldin et al. 2023:[8] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula compressirostris (Warpachowski 1897). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: northwestern Mongolia and Tuva (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

conilobus, Barbatula Prokofiev [A. M.] 2016:657, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4, 5a [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 56 (no. 6); ref. 35025] Bogd River, a tributary of the Zavkhan River near Uliastai village, Mongolia, 47°43'59.2"N, 96°49'08.9"E, elevation 1749 meters. Holotype: ZMMU 23813. Paratypes: ZMMU. Plus additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Barbatula conilobus Prokofiev 2016 -- (Prokofiev 2018:273 [ref. 35878]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula conilobus Prokofiev 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Zavkhan River drainage, Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

conipterus, Nemachilus Turdakov [F. A.] 1954:117 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 1; ref. 26732] Ters & Talas rivers, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: 25 (Ters River), 9 (Talas River); whereabouts unknown. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Noemacheilus conipterus Turdakov 1954 -- (Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:23 [ref. 37748]). •Valid as Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov 1954) -- (Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613], Prokofiev 2006:256 [ref. 29061] as a valid species and subspecies, Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2007:1103 [ref. 39980], Prokofiev 2010:907 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2017:202 [ref. 35630] as a valid species and subspecies, Sheraliev et al. 2022:62 [ref. 39759]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa coniptera (Turdakov 1954). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Central Asia: Talas River basin (Kyrgyzstan) [subspecies coniptera]. Habitat: freshwater.

conirostris, Nemachilus Zhu [S.-Q.] 1982:104 [110], Fig. 1 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 8388] Lancang River, Jinghong County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: NPIB 780464. Paratypes: NPIB (9). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. English description on p. 110. •Valid as Schistura conirostris (Zhu 1982) -- (Zhu 1989:40 [ref. 17744], Zhu 1995:109 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:205 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Schistura conirostris (Zhu 1982). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River sysem (Yunnan/China). Habitat: freshwater.

conjungens, Nemachilus labiatus Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:84, Pl. 4 (fig. 5) [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Chorgos River, tributary of Ili River, China. Syntypes: ZIN 7843 (1), 7850 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus labiatus (Kessler 1874) -- (Berg 1949:858 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Labiatophysa labiata (Kessler 1874) -- (Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Triplophysa labiata (Kessler 1874) -- (Prokofiev 2004:185 [ref. 27939]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa labiata (Kessler 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

coreanus, Elxis Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] 1905:201, Fig. 7 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 28 (no. 1391); ref. 2530] Gensan, Korea. Holotype: USNM 45243 (mixed with paratypes). Paratypes: MCZ 35960 [ex USNM 45243] (2), CAS-SU 8661 [not 8061] (77), USNM 45241-42 (249, 50), 45243 (now 11, including holotype), 45245 (1), 45248-49 (8, 14). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler 1876) -- (Berg 1949:887 [ref. 20661], Kim 1997:560 [ref. 24032], Vasil'eva 1998:96 [ref. 23591], Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

corica, Cobitis Hamilton [F.] 1822:359, 395 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Mainayi, Kosi River, India. No types known. Information on type locality see Britz 2019:46 [ref. 37532]. Hamilton's original, unpublished illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 227 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Schistura corica (Hamilton 1822) -- (Ataur Rahman 2003:166 [ref. 31338], Kullander et al. 1999:153 [ref. 23689], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:89,90 [ref. 32798], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:574 [ref. 32971], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] [ref. 33603]). •Valid as Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton 1822) -- (Shrestha 1978:37 [ref. 15970] as Noemacheilus, Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1987:89 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:169 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Ataur Rahman 1989:147 [ref. 24860] as Nemachilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:476 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:547 [ref. 23778], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:435 [ref. 23187], Husain & Tilak 1998:134 [ref. 24919], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220] as Noemacheilus, Mirza 2000:356 [ref. 25207], Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus, Mirza 2003:13 [ref. 27265], Shrestha 2008:129 [ref. 29923], Conway et al. 2011:1746 [ref. 31594], Khynrian & Sen 2014:10 [ref. 33853], Bleher 2018:162 [ref. 36647]). •Valid as 'Nemacheilus' corica (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 2012:90 [ref. 32367], Šlechtová et al. 2021:[11] [ref. 38212], Çiçek et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus corica (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Himalaya foothills (Nepal, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). Habitat: freshwater.

coruscans, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:57, Fig. 30 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Sala Yai, a tributary of Nam San, 18°35'17"N, 103°05'00"E, Saisomboun Special Zone, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45332. Paratypes: CMK 13355 (59), LARRI uncat. (10), NRM 44891 (10), ZRC 45333 (10). •Valid as Schistura coruscans Kottelat 2000 -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:145, 150 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2001:105 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:25 [ref. 32804] as corruscans, Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Kottelat 2017:704 [ref. 35677], Taki et al. 2021:205 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura coruscans Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, Laos and possibly northeastern Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

costata, Diplophysa Kessler [K. F.] 1876:29, Pl. 3 (fig. 4) [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Hu-lun [Dalai-Nor, Dalai-nor] Lake at 43°N [43°18'N, 116°39'E], Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, China, elevation 4200 feet. Holotype (unique): ZIN 2477. For remarks on sysematics see Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831]. •Valid as Lefua costata (Kessler 1876) -- (Berg 1949:887 [ref. 20661], Wang 1984:81 [ref. 22951], Zhu 1989:20 [ref. 17744], Zhu 1995:107 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:48 [ref. 22798], Cheng & Zhou 1997:195 [ref. 26385], Kim 1997:285 [ref. 24032], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:743 [ref. 24702], Vasil'eva 1998:96 [ref. 23591], Kim et al. 2000:224 [ref. 25434], Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688], Wang et al. 2001:167 [ref. 26566], Kim & Park 2002:197 [ref. 25913], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:45 [ref. 26178], Choi et al. 2003:178, 518 [ref. 26218], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Naseka & Bogutskaya 2004:284 [ref. 27838], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:115 [ref. 28183], Mihara et al. 2005:157 [ref. 28201], Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:29 [ref. 28933], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:340 [ref. 30085], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:129 [ref. 34477], Hosoya et al. 2018:199 [ref. 36197], Ohgita & Matsunuma 2020:10 [ref. 37953], Du et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38600], Guo 2021:487 [ref. 38618], Dyldin et al. 2023:[9] [ref. 40328], Katayama & Sawada 2024:252 [ref. 41607]). Current status: Valid as Lefua costata (Kessler 1876). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: northern China, Russia, Korea and Mongolia; introduced in central Japan. Habitat: freshwater.

crabro, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:57, Fig. 31 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Ngiap, Bolikhamsai Province, Laos. Holotype (unique): ZRC 45334. •Valid as Schistura crabro Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:105 [ref. 25780], Vidthayanon 2003:310 [ref. 27398], Chen et al. 2005:148 [ref. 28288], Zheng et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32070], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Kottelat 2017:704 [ref. 35677]). Current status: Valid as Schistura crabro Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam Xan watershed, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

crassa, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2017:700, Figs. 16-20 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35677] Nam Pouan [Nam Phouan], upstream of Ban Soppouan, about 300 m upstream of confluence with Nam Ngiep, Khon District, Saysomboune Province, Laos, 18°46'57"N, 103°25'58"E, elevation 244 meters. Holotype: MHNG 2768.033. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. •Valid as Schistura crassa Kottelat 2017. Current status: Valid as Schistura crassa Kottelat 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam Ngiep drainage, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

crassicauda, Nemachilus stoliczkae Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:23, Pl. 7 (fig. 3) [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Bajanjol River [Bajan gol River], Tsaidam [Quaidam], Quinghai Province, China. Holotype (unique): ZIN 7221. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. The name stoliczkae is a misspelling of stoliczkai [originally stolickai Steindachner 1866 but incorrectly amended for letter "c" with diacritical mark]. •Synonym of Triplophysa leptosoma (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Zhu 1989:110 [ref. 17744], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:79 [ref. 23556], Zhang et al. 2019:386 [ref. 36699]). •Valid as Triplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2007:20? [Engl. 16] [ref. 28990]). •Valid as Indotriplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa crassicauda (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Bajan-gol River, Quaidam, China. Habitat: freshwater.

crassilabris, Triplophysa Ding [R.-H.] 1994:92 [English p. 610], Fig. 56 [The fishes of Sichuan, China; ref. 21531] Xia Man Lake, Sichuan, China, elevation 3400 meters. Holotype: MSINR 830757. Paratypes: MSINR 8715-17 (3), 8743-47 (5), 8753 (1), 85053 (1). •Valid as Triplophysa crassilabris Ding 1994 -- (Chen et al. 2004:507 [ref. 28065], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:136 [ref. 34477], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665], Feng et al. 2020:468 [ref. 37576]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Guo 2021:580 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa crassilabris Ding 1994. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

crassipedunculatus, Oreias Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1976:189, Pls. 1 (4), 2 (7); Figs. 9-12 [Nymphaea v. 4; ref. 7353] Chatung, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype (unique): USNM 94731. •Synonym of Oreias dabrayi Sauvage 1874 -- (Wu & Wu 1992:147 [ref. 21205]). •Synonym of Schistura dabryi (Sauvage 1874) -- (Zhu 1989:55 [ref. 17744] subspecies dabryi, Zhou & Cui 1993:82 [ref. 20830], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:58 [ref. 23556]). •Synonym of Claea dabryi (Sauvage 1874) -- (Kottelat 2012:81 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Claea dabryi (Sauvage 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cristatus, Nemacheilus Berg [L. S.] 1898:19 [5], Fig. [Dnevn. Zool. Otdel. Obsh. Zool. Mus. v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 14676] Tedzhen River near Ashgabat [Askhabad], Turkmenistan. Syntypes: (many) ISBR 996 (2), ZIN 11055 (1), ZMMU P-2555 (59). On p. 5 of separate. •Valid as Nemacheilus cristatus Berg 1898 -- (Berg 1949:886 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus, Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus, Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Coad & Abdoli 2000:56 [ref. 25296]) •Valid as Schistura cristata (Berg 1898) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:442 [ref. 23187], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:118 [ref. 23810], Nalbant 1998:373 [ref. 26011]). •Valid as Metaschistura cristata (Berg 1898) -- (Prokofiev 2009:893 [ref. 30604], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Prokofiev 2017:270 [ref. 35630]). •Valid as Paraschistura cristata (Berg 1898) -- (Freyhof et al. 2015:10 [ref. 33865], Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015:299 [ref. 34027], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:887 [ref. 34062], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:2 [ref. 34063], Azimi et al. 2015:290 [ref. 35410], Esmaeili et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:50 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:581 [ref. 36833], Eagderi et al. 2019:265 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:192 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2024:99 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura cristata (Berg 1898). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East, North Asia and South Asia: Hari River basin (Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan). Habitat: freshwater.

crocotula, Schistura Plongsesthee [R.], Kottelat [M.] & Beamish [F. W. H.] 2013:172, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 2); ref. 33012] Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Bang Saphan, Khanan River, Thailand. Holotype: NIFI 4676. Paratypes: BMNH 2012.10.4.1-4 (4); CMK 21984 (6), 21985 (7), 16458 (2); NIFI 4677 (2),4678 (1); ZRC 53549 (4). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Schistura crocotula Plongsesthee, Kottelat & Beamish 2013 -- (Dvořák et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40537]). Current status: Valid as Schistura crocotula Plongsesthee, Kottelat & Beamish 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Bang Saphan and Pranburi River drainages, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand and Lenya River drainage, Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

cruciatus, Nemacheilus Rendahl [H.] 1944:37, Figs. 19-22 [Göteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps-och Vitterhets-Samhälles Handlingar (Ser. 6 B) v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 3705] Thua Luu, 50 kilometers south of Hué, Vietnam. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: (15 other specimens). •Valid as Micronemacheilus cruciatus (Rendahl 1944) -- (Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832] as curciatus, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:437 [ref. 23187]). •Valid as Yunnanilus cruciatus (Rendahl 1944) -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:189 [ref. 25364], Du et al. 2012:304 [ref. 32340]). •Valid as Micronemacheilus cruciatus (Randahl 1944) -- (Kottelat 2012:89 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989], Du et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38600]). Current status: Valid as Micronemacheilus cruciatus (Rendahl 1944). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

cryptoclathrata, Homatula Li [X.], Che [X.-J.] & Zhou [W.] 2019:340, Figs. 2B, 4A, 5B, 7B, 9 [Zootaxa 4711 (no. 2); ref. 37175] Manging Village, Gengga Town, Changning County, Baoshan City, Yunnan, China, 24°19'42.65"N, 99°32'15.39"E. Holotype: SWFC 1002001. Paratypes: SWFC. •Valid as Homatula cryptoclathrata Li, Che & Zhou 2019 -- (Zhou et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38386], Min et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39113], Li et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39800]). Current status: Valid as Homatula cryptoclathrata Li, Che & Zhou 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Salween River basin [Nujiang], Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

cryptofasciata, Schistura Chen [X.-Y.], Kong [D.-P.] & Yang [J.-X.] 2005:28, Figs. 2-3 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. no. 13; ref. 28352] Nanting River, 23°58'N, 99°39'E, tributary to Salween River, Great Snow Mountain Township, Yongde County, incang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, elevation 690 meters. Holotype: KIZ 20026453. Paratypes: KIZ 20026449, 54-55, and 57 (4), 20026336, 37, and 39 (3); ZRC (1). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:352 [ref. 32939].as crytofasciata. •Valid as Schistura cryptofasciata Chen, Kong & Yang 2005 -- (Zheng et al. 2012:63 [ref. 32070], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:60 [ref. 33202], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Endruweit 2017:399 [ref. 35191], Endruweit 2017:591 [ref. 35662]). Current status: Valid as Schistura cryptofasciata Chen, Kong & Yang 2005. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanting River drainage, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

cueljuensis, Nemachilus Anikin [V. P.] 1905:6 [Izvestiya Tomskogo Universiteta v. 27; ref. 15920] Mouth of Kuelyu River, Tarim River basin, Xinjiang Province, China. Syntypes: (3). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Originally as cuëljuensis. •Questionably a synonym of Nemacheilus stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Berg 1949:862 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus stoliczkai). • Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866), subspecies retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061] as stoliczkae). •Synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa dorsonotata (Kessler 1879) -- (Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Triplophysa dorsonotata (Kessler 1879). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cuneicephalus, Barbatula Shaw [T.-H.] & Tchang [T.-L.] 1931:81, Fig. 10 [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zoological Series) v. 2 (no. 5); ref. 16334] San-kai-tien, near Beijing [Peiping], China. Holotype (unique): ZMFMIB (now ASIZB) 6237. •Synonym of Nemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:871 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Valid as Triplophysa cuneicephala (Shaw & Tchang 1931) -- (Zhu 1989:77 [ref. 17744], Zhu 1995:113 [ref. 25213], Wang et al. 2001:171 [ref. 26566], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa cuneicephala (Shaw & Tchang 1931). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

curtistigma, Schistura Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.] in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu 1981:114, Figs. 21-25 [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Bannu on the Kurram River, NW Frontier Province, Pakistan. Holotype: ISBB 3776. Paratypes: ISBB 3377 (1), 3389 (1); ZMA 116443 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:35 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus arifi (Mirza & Bănărescu 1981) -- (Menon 1987:68 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus arafi, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:470 [ref. 20764] as arafi). •Valid as Schistura curtistigma Mirza & Nalbant 1981 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:441 [ref. 23187], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2000:356 [ref. 25207], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Schistura curtistigma Mirza & Nalbant 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

cyri, Nemacheilus tigris Berg [L. S.] 1910:170 [Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 15; ref. 19593] Upper reaches of the Kura River (Göle depression), near Okam village, Ardahan Province, Turkey. Syntypes: (several) ZIN 13291 (6+), 16885 (2). Also in Berg 1910:128 [ref. 14429], earliest not researched. •Synonym of Nemacheilus tigris (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:878 [ref. 20661] as nemachilus, Coad 1995:23 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Orthrias cyri (Berg 1910) -- (Fricke et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Barbatula cyri (Berg 1910) -- (authors). •Synonym of Paracobitis tigris (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:888 [ref. 30604]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cyri (Berg 1910) -- (Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35254], Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Eagderi et al. 2018:458 [ref. 35940], Çiçek et al. 2018:240 [ref. 36249], Turan et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36540], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Kaya et al. 2020:339 [ref. 37582], Çiçek et al. 2021:173 [ref. 38560], Saygun et al. 2021:47 [ref. 38525], Çiçek et al. 2023:346 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:71 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus cyri (Berg 1910). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Kura Nehri basin (Caspian Sea tributary), Ardahan Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

dabryi, Oreias Sauvage [H.-E.] 1874:334 [Revue et Magasin de Zoologie (Sér. 3) v. 2 [1874]; ref. 3873] Yao-Tchy, Tibet, China. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-6276. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:99 [ref. 19574]. The genus Oreias is preoccupied; replaced by Claea Kottelat 2011. See Kottelat 2012:80 [ref. 32367] for locality information. •Valid as Oreias dabryi Sauvage 1874 -- (Ding 1994:60 [ref. 21531], Wu & Wu 1992:147 [ref. 21205], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:57 [ref. 23556], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Chen et al. 2006:54 [ref. 29058], Nguyen et al. 2010:50 [ref. 32127]). •Valid as Schistura dabryi (Sauvage 1874) -- (Zhu 1989:55 [ref. 17744] with subspecies, Zhou & Cui 1993:82 [ref. 20830], Zhu 1995:111 [ref. 25213], Liao et al. 1997:4 [ref. 28159], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:371 [ref. 36699]). •Valid as Claea dabryi (Sauvage 1874) -- (Kottelat 2011:384 [ref. 31197], Kottelat 2012:81 [ref. 32367], Du et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38600], Guo 2021:505 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Claea dabryi (Sauvage 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin (Tibet and China). Habitat: freshwater.

dalaica, Diplophysa Kessler [K. F.] 1876:24, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Hu-lun [Dalai-Nor] Lake, Inner Mongolia, China, elevation 1280 meters [4200 feet]. Syntypes: ZIN 2473-74 (1, 1). •Valid as Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler 1876) -- (Zhu 1989:82 [ref. 17744], Zhu 1995:114 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:67 [ref. 23556], Wang et al. 2001:169 [ref. 26566], Li et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29309], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477], Wang et al. 2024:24 [ref. 40861]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler 1876). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Lake Dali Nur and Haihe River drainage, upper Yellow and Yangtze River drainages, China. Habitat: freshwater.

dalatensis, Schistura Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.] 2001:150, Figs. 19-21 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream running into River Dai Tan, about 30 kilometers south of Da Lat, 11°46.64'N, 108°19.28'E, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 23906. Paratypes: CMK 15999 (8); ZFMK 23641-52 (12), 23759-61 (3). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov 2001 -- (Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:356 [ref. 35511], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841]). Current status: Valid as Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lam Dong province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

damingshanensis, Oreonectes Yu [J.], Luo [T.], Lan [C.-T.], Xiao [N.] & Zhou [J.] in Yu, Luo, Lan, Zhou, Deng, Xiao & Zhou 2023:89, Figs. 4-6 [ZooKeys No. 1180; ref. 40492] Waminggu Scenic Area, Leping Village, Guling Town, Mashan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 23.60818443°N, 108.29426408°E, elevation about 234 meters. Holotype: CNGZNU 20230216001. Paratypes: CNGZNU 20230216002-25 (24), 2020011505-09 (5). •Valid as Oreonectes damingshanensis Yu, Luo, Lan, Xiao & Zhou 2023 -- (Luo et al. 2024:294 [ref. 40971], Lan et al. 2024:14 [ref. 41513], Zhong et al. 2024:1265 [ref. 41544]). Current status: Valid as Oreonectes damingshanensis Yu, Luo, Lan, Xiao & Zhou 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: streams in the Damingshan Mountains of Mashan and Shanglin counties, Hongshuihe River drainage, upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

daochengensis, Triplophysa Wu [Y.-Y.], Sun [Z.-Y.] & Guo [Y.-S.] 2016:291, Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 37 (no. 5); ref. 34665] Daocheng River, at Shengmu Village, Daocheng County, Sichuan Province, China, 29°02'55"N, 101°30'45"S, altitude 3,540 meters. Holotype: CWNU 201406001. Paratypes: CWNU, IHB, KIZ. •Valid as Triplophysa daochengensis Wu, Sun & Guo 2016 -- (Zhang et al. 2019:382 [ref. 36699], Feng et al. 2020:468 [ref. 37576], Guo 2021:625 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa daochengensis Wu, Sun & Guo 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Daocheng River drainage, upper Yangtze River basin, Sichuan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

daqiaoensis, Triplophysa Ding [R.-H.] 1993:247 (English p. 251), Figs. 1-4 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 21972] Daqiao, Mianning County, 28°41'N, 102°12'E, Sichuan, China, elevation 2020 meters. Holotype: MSINR 900267. Paratypes: IHASW 900288 (1); MSINR 900268-69 (1, 1), 900270 (1, allotype), 900271-287 (17), 900289-321 (33). •Valid as Triplophysa daqiaoensis Ding 1993 -- (Zhu 1995:548 [ref. 25213], He et al. 2012:279 [ref. 32339], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Yan et al. 2015:304 [ref. 33966], Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665], Zhang et al. 2019:383 [ref. 36699]). •Synonym of Triplophysa xichangensis Zhu & Cao 1989 -- (Guo 2021:525 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa daqiaoensis Ding 1993. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

daqikongensis, Oreonectes Deng [H.-Q.], Wen [H.], Xiao [N.] & Zhou [J.] 2016:49, Fig. 1 [ZooKeys No. 637; ref. 34936] Subterranean river of the Daqikong area, Libo County, Guizhou province, China, 25°17'05.1"N, 107°44'54.3"E, elevation 488 meters. Holotype: CNGZNU 20110128001. Paratypes: CNGZNU. •Valid as Oreonectes daqikongensis Deng, Wen, Xiao & Zhou 2016 -- (Liu et al. 2019:404 [ref. 36573]). •Valid as Troglonectes daqikongensis (Deng, Wen, Xiao & Zhou 2106) -- (Huang et al. 2019:117 [ref. 37137], Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes daqikongensis (Deng, Wen, Xiao & Zhou 2016). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Liujiang River system, Guizhou province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

daral, Mustura Rameshori [Y.], Chinglemba [Y.], Darshan [A.] & Vishwanath [W.] 2022:286, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 5129 (no. 2); ref. 39209] Siang River at Pasighat, Brahmaputra basin, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 28°01'57"N, 95°22'05"E, elevation 144 meters. Holotype: MUMF 18061. Paratypes: MUMF 18062-18074 (13), 18075-10078 (4). •Valid as Mustura daral Rameshori, Chinglemba, Darshan & Vishwanath 2022. Current status: Valid as Mustura daral Rameshori, Chinglemba, Darshan & Vishwanath 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Siang River drainage, Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. Habitat: freshwater.

daryoae, Triplophysa Sheraliev [B.], Kayumova [Y.] & Peng [Z.] 2022:51, Figs. 1-3 [ZooKeys No. 1125; ref. 39759] Sokh River, near Limbur village, an exclave of Uzbekistan surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, Syr Darya basin, Sokh District, Fergana Region, Uzbekistan, 40°3.1528'N, 71°5.8195'E, elevation 1054 meters. Holotype: SWU 20211207001. Paratypes: BSFC 0023 (4), 0024 (3), SWU 20211207002-11 (10). •Valid as Triplophysa daryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng 2022. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa daryoae Sheraliev, Kayumova & Peng 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Central Asia: Sokh River drainage, Syr Darya basin, Fergana Region, Uzbekistan. Habitat: freshwater.

dattai, Noemacheilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1999:170 [Records of the Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper No. 175; ref. 24904] Riwa River at Manpong [Nampong], Arunachal Pradesh, India. Holotype: SRS/ZSI F572. Paratypes: SRS/ZSI F73 (2). Unneeded replacement name for Noemacheilus arunachalensis Menon 1987, preoccupied by Noemacheilus arunachalensis Datta & Barman 1984. Replaced earlier by Kottelat 1990. •Objective synonym of Schistura tirapensis Kottelat 1990 -- (Kottelat 2012:120 [ref. 32367]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Schistura tirapensis Kottelat 1990. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

daubentoni, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1990:118, Figs. 85-86 [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Bridge on Prek Preas at kilometer 369 of road from Saigon to Stung Treng, near Ph Khsang Hong, 13°09'N, 106°09'E, Cambodia. Holotype: MNHN 1988-0088. Paratypes: CMK 5877 (3), MNHN 1988-0089 (6). •Valid as Schistura daubentoni Kottelat 1990 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Rainboth 1996:129 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 1998:73 [ref. 23436], Kottelat 2001:105 [ref. 25780], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:173 [ref. 31357], Ou et al. 2011:193 [ref. 31692], Zheng et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32070], Chen & Neely 2012:226 [ref. 32332], Kottelat 2012:107 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Bohlen et al. 2016:361 [ref. 34366], Taki et al. 2021:217 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura daubentoni Kottelat 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, Laos and northern Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

dayi, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1935:57 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 1); ref. 13886] Near Raniganj, Chota-Nagpur and Northwest Provinces, India. Syntypes: BMNH 1889.2.1.1967-1699 (3). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. A new name for Nemachilus savona of Day 1878. •Synonym of Nemacheilus denisoni Day 1867, but a valid subspecies -- (Menon 1987:99 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:478 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:170 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura dayi (Hora 1935) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187]), Bleher 2018:210 [ref. 36647]. Current status: Valid as Schistura dayi (Hora 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India and Bangladesh. Habitat: freshwater.

deansmarti, Schistura Vidthayanon [C.] & Kottelat [M.] 2003:168, Fig. 6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 26859] Tham [= cave] Phra Sai Ngam, about 200 meters from entrance, Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, 16°37'22"N, 100°39'47"E. Holotype: NIFI 3152. Paratypes: CMK 17295 (2), NIFI 3154 (6). •Valid as Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon & Kottelat 2003 -- (Proudlove 2006:100 [ref. 28992], Kottelat 2012:341 [ref. 32232], Kottelat 2012:108 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Schistura deansmarti Vidthayanon & Kottelat 2003. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

defectiva, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:58, Fig. 32 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Ngum at Ban Phianglouang, 19°31'21"N, 103°03'58"E, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45335. Paratypes: CMK 15215 (60), LARRI uncat. (10), NRM 44908 (10), ZRC 45336 (10). •Valid as Schistura defectiva Kottelat 2000 -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:145 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2001:105 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:108 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:89 [ref. 32798], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Kottelat 2017:704 [ref. 35677]). Current status: Valid as Schistura defectiva Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam Ngiep watershed, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

deignani, Noemacheilus Smith [H. M.] 1945:320, Fig. 70 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Mountain brooks on Kao Sabap, near Chantabun, southeastern Thailand. Holotype: USNM 107946. Paratypes: USNM 107943 (14, now 6), 217585 [ex 107943] (8). Type catalog: Vilasri et al. 2018:58 [ref. 36451]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Schistura deignani (Smith 1945) -- (Chen 1999:304 [ref. 24925] as degnani). •Synonym of Schistura kohchangensis (Smith 1933) -- (Kottelat 1990:138 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:208 [ref. 32989], Vilasri et al. 2018:58 [ref. 36451]). Current status: Synonym of Schistura kohchangensis (Smith 1933). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

delvarii, Paraschistura Mousavi-Sabet [H.] & Eagderi [S.] 2015:299, Figs. 2-5 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 65 (no. 3); ref. 34027] Upstream of Mond River, Persian Gulf basin, Fars province, Iran, 29°40'22"N, 52°08'57"E. Holotype: VMFC PSD1-H. Paratypes: GUIC, VMFC. •Valid as Paraschistura delvarii Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:888 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:50 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2018:42 [ref. 36026], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:582 [ref. 36833], Eagderi et al. 2019:265 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:193 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:100 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura delvarii Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Mond River drainage, Persian Gulf basin (Fars Province, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

denisoni, Nemacheilus Day [F.] 1867:287 [7] [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 2) (art. 5); ref. 14043] Bowany River, base of Nilgiris, India [Bhavani River, Cauvery River system, southern Western Ghats]. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.7507 (1, non-type); BMNH 1867.7.24.29 (1); NMW 48406 (1); RMNH 8759 [?= 2661] (1); ZIN 8283 (5); ZMB 10800 (1); ZSI 2682 (1, lost), A.962 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:156 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:296 [ref. 25110]. On p. 7 of separate. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Valid as Schistura denisoni subspecies denisoni (Day 1867) -- (Sreekantha et al. 2006:2216 [ref. 28597]). •Valid as Nemacheilus denisoni Day 1867, subspecies denisoni -- (Menon 1999:170 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359]). •Valid as Nemacheilus denisoni Day 1867 -- (Menon 1987:93 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:476 [ref. 20764], Indra 1991:240 [ref. 24005] as Noemacheilus, Rema Devi 1993:357 [ref. 24007] as Noemacheilus, Singh & Yazdani 1993:199 [ref. 24022] as Noemacheilus, Easa & Shaji 1996:305 [ref. 24977] as Noemacheilus, Manimekalan 1998:439 [ref. 24989] as Noemacheilus, Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:155 [ref. 24759] as Noemacheilus, Yadav 2003:17 [ref. 27711], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2005:77 [ref. 28530] as denisonii, Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172], Bleher 2018:164 [ref. 36647] as denisonii). •Valid as Schistura denisoni (Day 1867) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187] as denisonii, Kottelat 2012:108 [ref. 32367], Sudasinghe 2017:108 [ref. 35539], Sudasinghe 2018:491 [ref. 35942], Praveenraj et al. 2020:55 [ref. 37848]). Current status: Valid as Schistura denisoni (Day 1867). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Western Ghats (Karnataka, southern India). Habitat: freshwater.

desmotes, Nemacheilus Fowler [H. W.] 1934:107, Fig. 59 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 86; ref. 1417] Chieng Mai, northern Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 60082. Paratypes: ANSP 60083 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:63 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Schistura thai (Fowler 1934) -- (Zhu 1989:46 [ref. 17744]). •Valid as Schistura desmotes (Fowler 1934) -- (Kottelat 1990:120 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:440 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2000:66 [ref. 25040], Vidthayanon & Kottelat 2003:172 [ref. 26859], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:174 [ref. 31357], Page et al. 2012:327 [ref. 32342], Kottelat 2012:108 [ref. 32367], Singer & Page 2012:351 [ref. 32390], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Schistura desmotes (Fowler 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mae Ping and Mae Khlong basins, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

deterrai, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1936:311, Pl. 12 (figs. 5-6) [Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences v. 10 (art. 17); ref. 10431] Man Lagoon, Kashmir, Ladakh, India. Syntypes: ZSI F12200/1 (6). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:122 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus deterrai Hora 1936 -- (Tilak 1990:144 [ref. 23720] as Noemacheilus, Kundu 2000:96 [ref. 25663]). •Synonym of Triplophysa gracilis (Day 1876) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:511 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stewarti (Hora 1922) -- (Zhu 1989:98 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:168 [ref. 21205]). •See Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990]. •Probably the same as Triplophysa gracilis (Day 1877) -- (Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa gracilis (Day 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

devdevi, Noemacheilus Hora [S. L.] 1935:54, Pl. 3 (figs. 5-6) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 1); ref. 13886] Eastern Himalayas; small streams below Darjeeling and Sikkim, India. Holotype: ZSI F11752/1. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:363 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus devdevi Hora 1935 -- (Menon 1987:59 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:478 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:547 [ref. 23778], Menon 1999:172 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Kundu 2000:96 [ref. 25663], Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Neomacheilus). •Valid as Schistura devdevi (Hora 1935) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:440 [ref. 23187], Conway et al. 2011:1747 [ref. 31594], Kottelat 2012:108 [ref. 32367], Lalronunga et al. 2013:589 [ref. 32927], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] [ref. 33603], Khynrian & Sen 2014:16 [ref. 33853], Bleher 2018:212 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Schistura devdevi (Hora 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Eastern Himalayas, India and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

dgebuadzei, Orthrias Prokofiev [A. M.] 2003:730, Fig. 2 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 43 (no. 6); ref. 27494] Zag River basin of Baidrag-River, central Mongolia. Holotype: ZIN 52051. Paratypes: ZIN 52052 (18), 52052/1 (5), 52052/2 (3), 52052/3 (1). •Valid as Orthrias dgebuadzei Prokofiev 2003 -- (Prokofiev 2007:77 [ref. 30343], Cao et al. 2012:236 [ref. 32335]). •Valid as Barbatula dgebuadzei (Prokofiev 2003) -- (Kottelat 2006:52 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:28 [ref. 28933], Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2015:461 [ref. 34065], Prokofiev 2016:396 [ref. 34693], Prokofiev 2018:273 [ref. 35878]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula dgebuadzei (Prokofiev 2003). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Baidrag-Gol River drainage, Gobi Lakes Valley, Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

dianchiensis, Sphaerophysa Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.] 1988:405, Figs. 1-4 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 14140] Dianchi Lake, near Kunming City, China. Holotype: IHASW 63V888. Paratypes: IHASW 50IV049 (1). •Valid as Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao & Zhu 1988 -- (Zhu 1989:134 [ref. 17744], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:458 [ref. 23187] as diachiensis, Zhu 1995:120 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:46 [ref. 23556], Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:135 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:368 [ref. 36699]). Current status: Valid as Sphaerophysa dianchiensis Cao & Zhu 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

dikrongensis, Physoschistura Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.] 2012:250, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32336] Arunachal Pradesh: from Dikarong river at Doimukh (Brahmaputra basin); 27°08'19"N, 93°44'51"E, India, elevation 120 meters. Holotype: MUMF 11091/3. Paratypes: MUMF 11090/2 (2), 11091/4 (4); ZSI FF 423 (2). •Valid as Physoschistura dikrongensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012 -- (Suvarnaraksha 2013:245 [ref. 32981], Khynrian & Sen 2014:13 [ref. 33853], Lalramliana et al. 2016:192 [ref. 34795], Tamang & Sinha 2016:287 [ref. 34804], Endruweit 2017:378 [ref. 35305], Das & Darshan 2017:410 [ref. 35638], Bleher 2018:201 [ref. 36647]). •Valid as Mustura dikrongensis (Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012) -- (Kottelat 2018:292 [ref. 36206], Choudhury et al. 2021:7 [ref. 38288], Chinglemba et al. 2021:563 [ref. 38874], Rameshori et al. 2022:292 [ref. 39209]). Current status: Valid as Mustura dikrongensis (Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: upper Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

diminuta, Schistura Ou [C.], Montaña [C. G.], Winemiller [K. O.] & Conway [K. W.] 2011:194, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 3) [for Sept.]; ref. 31692] Mekong River drainage, lower Sekong River in Siem Pang district, 14°07'11.88"N, 106°23'11.36"E, Stung Treng province, Cambodia. Holotype: ZRC 53105. Paratypes: IFReDI uncat. (1), TCWC 14766.01 (2 c&s), ZRC 53106 (1). •Valid as Schistura diminuta Ou, Montaña, Winemiller & Conway 2011 -- (Kottelat 2012:108 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:60 [ref. 33202]). Current status: Valid as Schistura diminuta Ou, Montaña, Winemiller & Conway 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sekong River, Mekong River drainage, Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

dingi, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2010:895 (footnote) [Journal of Ichthyology v. 50 (no. 10); ref. 31096] Mianning County, 28°34'N, 102°10'E, Sichuan, China, elevation 2000 meters. Holotype (unique): MSINR 900264. Paratypes: IHASW 85038 (1); MSINR 850384 (1, allotype), 900254-263 (10). Unneeded replacement name for Triplophysa brevibarba Ding 1993, not preoccupied by Triplophysa yarkandensis brevibarbus Herzenstein 1888 (see Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Triplophysa brevibarba Ding 1993 -- (Kottelat 2012:124 [ref. 32367], Yan et al. 2015:304 [ref. 33966]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa brevibarba Ding 1993. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

discoloris, Yunnanilus Zhou [W.] & He [J.-C.] 1989:381 [384], Fig. 1 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 17742] White Dragon spring, 24°52'N, 102°48'E, Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: MZYU 875001. Paratypes: KIZ 1983000938-943 (111); MZYU 875002 (1). English description on p. 384. Kottelat 2012:135 [ref. 32367] gives a different latitude and longitude. •Valid as Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou & He 1989 -- (Zhu 1995:106 [ref. 25213], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], An et al. 2009:633 [ref. 30709], Zhao et al. 2011:1553 [ref. 31493], Kottelat 2012:135 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:111 [ref. 34891], Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477], Du et al. 2018:143 [ref. 36374], Zhang et al. 2019:358 [ref. 36699], Du et al. 2021:325 [ref. 38600], He et al. 2024:202 [ref. 40917], Qin et al. 2024:752 [ref. 41214]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou & He 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Yangtze River basin (Yunnan, China). Habitat: freshwater.

disparizona, Homatula Min [R.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.] 2013:351, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 4) (for 2012); ref. 32529] Panlong River (Red River drainage), Wenshan City, Xichou County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 2012000623. Paratypes: KIZ 2012000622, 0624-0634 (12), 2012001859-1865 (7). •Valid as Homatula disparizona Min, Yang & Chen 2013 (Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2015:70 [ref. 33868], Endruweit et al. 2018:565 [ref. 35763], Yang et al. 2017:1141 [ref. 35923], Li et al. 2019:346 [ref. 37175], Zhou et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38386], Nguyen et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38733], Nguyen et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38733], Min et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39113], Che et al. 2023:284 [ref. 40280]). Current status: Valid as Homatula disparizona Min, Yang & Chen 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Panlong River drainage, Red River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

disparizona, Schistura Zhou [W.] & Kottelat [M.] 2005:17, Figs. 1-2 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. no. 13; ref. 28350] Cangyuan, Nangun River (a Salween River tributary), 0.5 kilometers to Manglai on road from Banhong to Mangku, 23°16.49'N, 99°04.34'E, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: SWFC 0203035. Paratypes: SWFC 0203036-41 (6), 0203044-54 (11), 0203067 (1), 9503001-03 (3)9902140 (1); ZMK 18395 (2). •Valid as Schistura disparizona Zhou & Kottelat 2005 -- (Bohlen & Šlechtová 2011:5 [ref. 31362], Zheng et al. 2012:63 [ref. 32070], Kottelat 2012:108 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Endruweit 2017:399 [ref. 35191], Endruweit 2017:149 [ref. 35362]). Current status: Valid as Schistura disparizona Zhou & Kottelat 2005. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: River Nangun, tributary of Salween, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

dixoni, Nemachilus Fowler [H. W.] 1899:181 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51; ref. 17572] Tan Lan Ho River, tributary of Shan Lan Ho River, about 30 miles northeast of Lama-Miau or Dolon-nor, Pechili Province, China. Holotype (unique): ANSP 16393. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:63 [ref. 13621]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler 1876) -- (Berg 1949:887 [ref. 20661], Zhu 1989:21 [ref. 17744], Vasil'eva 1998:96 [ref. 23591], Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

djaggasteensis, Nemacheilus Rendahl [H.] 1922:1 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 15377] Djaggaste [Liu-Tai], Mongolia. Syntypes: NRM 10338 (18), 18946 (1), 20338 (1), 27321 (5); MNHN 1933-0116 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:98 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler 1876) -- (Zhu 1989:82 [ref. 17744], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:67 [ref. 23556], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa dalaica (Kessler 1876). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dongganensis, Triplophysa Yang [J.] in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan 2013:(139) 257, Figs. 107-108 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Donggan Village, Chuanshan Counuty, Guangxi, China, 25.1°N, 107.9°E, elevation 488 meters. Holotype: CLJH 12070255. Paratypes: CLJH 1070256-12070260 (5). •Valid as Triplophysa dongganensis Yang 2013 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477], Liu et al. 2017:843 [ref. 35125], Li et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35551], Wu et al. 2018:74 [ref. 35850], Wu et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35971], Chen & Peng 2019:381 [ref. 36537], Huang et al. 2019:334 [ref. 36689]). •Valid as Troglonectes dongganensis (Yang 2013) -- (Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). •Synonym of Troglonectes elongatus (Tang, Zhao & Zhang 2012) -- (Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes dongganensis (Yang 2013). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

donglanensis, Oreonectes Wu [T.-J.] in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan 2013:(83) 253, Figs. 59-60 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Simeng Town (the Hongshui River), Dunglan County, Guangxi, China, 24.2°N, 107.2°E Holotype (unique): CLJH 2010010051. •Valid as Oreonectes donglanensis Wu 2013 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34477], Deng et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34936], Liu et al. 2019:404 [ref. 36573]). •Valid as Troglonectes donglanensis (Wu 2013) -- (Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). •Synonym of Troglonectes translucens (Zhang, Zhao & Zhang 2006) -- (Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes donglanensis (Wu 2013). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave systems of the Hongshuihe River system, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

doonensis, Noemacheilus Tilak [R.] & Husain [A.] 1977:133, Fig. 1 [Science and Culture v. 43 (no. 3); ref. 7290] Small stream near village of Kandholi, on way to Doonga District, Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, India. Holotype: ZSI/NRS/V-1090. Paratypes: ZSI/NRS/V-1091 (45), V-1092 (84) Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:366 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus doonensis Tilak & Husain 1977 -- (Menon 1987:57 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:479 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:172 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura doonensis (Tilak & Husain 1977) -- (Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:214 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Schistura doonensis (Tilak & Husain 1977). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Ganges basin, Uttar Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

dori, Orthrias Goren [M.] & Bănărescu [P. M.] in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Goren 1982:12, Figs. 9-13 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 31 (nos 1-2); ref. 174] Northern Malqoah [Nahal Malkoah], Bet-She'an Valley, Israel, about 32°25'N, 35°30'E, Jordan River system. Holotype: TAU 8278 [= SMNHTAU]. Paratypes: TAU [= SMNHTAU] 8270 and ISBB 3186 (6), TAU [= SMNHTAU] 7063 (25). •Synonym of Nemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843) -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:380 [ref. 13651]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus dori Goren & Bănărescu 1982 -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:309 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2024:78 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsalis, Cobitis Kessler [K. F.] 1872:67 [23], Pl. 11 (figs. 34-35) [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Yany-Kurgan, Syr Darya River, Tajikistan. Syntypes: (8) ZIN 2079 (2). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:262 [ref. 9011] with ZISP 2079 as holotype. On p. 23 of separate. •Valid as Nemachilus dorsalis (Kessler 1872) -- (Berg 1949:858 [ref. 20661]). •Valid as Noemachilus dorsalis (Kessler 1872) -- (Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348], Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:30 [ref. 37748]). •Valid as Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler 1872) -- (Zhu 1989:85 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:155 [ref. 21205], Zhu 1995:115 [ref. 25213], Prokofiev 2002:S45 [ref. 27462], Prokofiev 2006:256 [ref. 29061], Li et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29309], Prokofiev 2010:907 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2016:203 [ref. 34459], Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477], Sheraliev & Peng 2021:9 [ref. 38329], Sheraliev & Kayumova 2022:36 [ref. 39437], Sheraliev et al. 2022:62 [ref. 39759], Çiçek et al. 2023:49 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler 1872). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northern-central Asia and East Asia: Syr Darya River basin (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Xinjiang, China). Habitat: freshwater.

dorsaloides, Nemachilus strauchi Turdakov [F. A.] 1947:155 [Trudy Biol. Inst. Kirgizskogo Filiala Akad. Nauch v. 1; ref. 21177] Tyupsky Bay, Issyk-kul Lake, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: (28). Original not seen. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus strauchii (Kessler 1874), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:1328 [ref. 20662] as Nemachilus strauchi). •Synonym of Triplophysa strauchii (Kessler 1874) -- (Kottelat 2006:89 [ref. 28831]). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin 1905) -- (Prokofiev 2006:258 [ref. 29061]). •Synonym of Triplophysa ulocholica (Anikin 1905) -- (Kottelat 2012:132 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa ulacholica (Anikin 1905). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsizona, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1998:73, Figs. 112-113 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Phao, about 10 kilometers upriver of Ban Nape, Laos, about 18°22'N, 105°08'E. Holotype: ZRC 41795. Paratypes: CMK 12502 (13), 12678 (44), 12686 (10), 12756 (3); DFV uncat. (6); NRM 36708 (5); ZRC 41796 (5). Species epithet is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Schistura dorsizona Kottelat 1998 -- (Kottelat 2001:105 [ref. 25780], Vidthayanon 2003:310 [ref. 27398], Ou et al. 2011:199 [ref. 31692], Zheng et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32070], Chen & Neely 2012:226 [ref. 32332], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:25, 28 [ref. 32804], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2014:24 [ref. 33197], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Kottelat 2017:705 [ref. 35677], Taki et al. 2021:216 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura dorsizona Kottelat 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, Laos and Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsonotatus, Nemachilus Kessler [K. F.] 1879:309 [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Kungès River, Ili River basin, Kazahkstan, elevation 4000 feet. Lectotype: ZIN 4175. Paralectotypes (3): ZIN 4175a (1). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Also in Kessler 1879:276 [ref. 14266]. Lectotype selected by Prokofiev 2007:10? [Engl. 6] [ref. 28990]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Berg 1949:862 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:212 [ref. 21205] as stoliczkae, Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:80 [ref. 23556] as stoliczkae, Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2007:13? [Engl. 9] [ref. 28990]). •Valid as Triplophysa dorsonotata (Kessler 1879) -- (Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Sheraliev et al. 2022:62 [ref. 39759]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa dorsonotata (Kessler 1879). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Central Asia: Ili River basin, Kazakhstan and northwest China. Habitat: freshwater.

dotui, Homatula Nguyen [D. T.], Wu [H.], Cao [L.] & Zhang [E] 2021:6, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 31 (no. 1) IEF-1142; ref. 38733] Hang 21 Cave, circa 36 km from Tourist Center of Phong Nka Ke Bang National Park, Son River drainage, Gianh River basin, Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam, 106°12'46"E, 17°24'53"N. Holotype: IHB 201300440. Paratypes: IEBR 00439 (1). •Valid as Homatula dotui Nguyen, Wu, Cao & Zhang 2021. Current status: Valid as Homatula dotui Nguyen, Wu, Cao & Zhang 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Son River drainage, Gianh River basin, Quang Binh Province, central Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

drassensis, Noemacheilus Tilak [R.] 1990:136, Fig. 1 [Records of the Zoological Survey of India v. 87 (no. 1-4); ref. 23720] Stream near Drass, Ladakh, India. Holotype: NRS/ZSI 1206. Paratypes: NRS/ZSI 1207 (7). Paper possibly not published until 1997 -- see Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367]. •Valid as Triplophysa drassensis (Tilak 1990) -- (Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa drassensis (Tilak 1990). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

dsapchynensis, Barbatula Prokofiev [A. M.] 2016:661, Figs. 2b, 3b, 5b, 6 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 56 (no. 6); ref. 35025] Bogd River, tributary of Zavkhan River near Uliastai village, Mongolia, 47°43'59.2"N, 96°49'08.9"E, elevation 1749 meters. Holotype: ZMMU 23816. Paratypes: ZMMU. Plus additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Barbatula dsapchynensis Prokofiev 2016 -- (Prokofiev 2018:273 [ref. 35878]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula dsapchynensis Prokofiev 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: North Asia: Zavkhan River drainage (Mongolia). Habitat: freshwater.

duanensis, Oreonectes Lan [J.] in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan 2013:(76) 253, Figs, 56-57 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Cheng Jian Tiwn, Du'an County, Guangxi, China, 23.9°N, 102.2E, elevation 272 meters,. Holotype: CLJH 2011090302. Paratypes: CLJH 1109031, 04100602, 04100603, 04100605, 04100606 (1 spec. ea.), •Valid as Oreonectes duanensis Lan 2013 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34477], Deng et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34936], Liu et al. 2019:404 [ref. 36573]). •Valid as Troglonectes duanensis (Lan 2013) -- (Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). •Synonym of Troglonectes translucens (Zhang, Zhao & Zhang 2006) -- (Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes duanensis (Lan 2013). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Cave systems of the Hongshuihe River system, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

dubia, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1990:123, Figs. 89-90 [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Nam Mae Kham Mi, near Ban Mae Krating, road from Nan to Phrae, kilometer 66, 18°22'N, 100°25'E, Phrae Province, Thailand. Holotype: ZSM 27475 [now ZRC 38474]. Paratypes: KIZ uncat. (2); CMK 4346 (6), 4348 (5), 4846 (1), 4944 (10), 5002 (13), 5271 (14), 5889 (1); KUMF uncat. (2); NIFI 2183 (2); ROM 51140 (4). Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Neumann 2011:240 [ref. 31652]. Holotype now at ZRC. •Valid as Schistura dubia Kottelat 1990 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Vidthayanon & Kottelat 2003:172 [ref. 26859], Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar 2006:212 [ref. 28652], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Suvarnaraksha 2015:168 [ref. 33813]). Current status: Valid as Schistura dubia Kottelat 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Phrae Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

dunckeri, Nemachilus Ahl [E.] 1922:30 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1922 (no. 1-2); ref. 15335] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20546. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:91 [ref. 21847]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Possibly valid -- (Hadiaty & Siebert 2001:186 [ref. 25685]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus pfeifferae (Bleeker 1853) -- (Kottelat 2012:92 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:201 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus pfeifferae (Bleeker 1853). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dursunavsari, Seminemacheilus Çiçek [E.] 2020:69, Figs. 2-6 [Iranian Journal of Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 37402] Input of Alanözü Dam Lake, Goksu River drainage, Eastern Mediterranean basin, Konya province, Turkey, 37°07'48.8"N, 32°42'19.3"E. Holotype: NUIC-1811. Paratypes: NUIC-1812 (20). Original description failed to mention explicitly the location where the types are deposited [ICZN Art. 16.4.2], but it was recognizable by indication, and address provided on title page. Corrected version appeared in May 2020. Formally corrected by Çiçek 2020:101 [ref. 37611]. If not yet available from corrected version (May 2020), then available from erratum dated 27 June 2020. We temporarily treat this taxon as valid, but a decision by ICZN may be required. •In the synonymy of Seminemacheilus tubae Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Geiger & Freyhof 2020 -- (Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2020:498 [ref. 37604]). •Valid as Seminemacheilus dursunavsari Çiçek 2020 -- (Çiçek 2020:101 [ref. 37611], Çiçek et al. 2020:246 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:106 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Seminemacheilus dursunavsari Çiçek 2020. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Goksu River drainage and Lake Beysehir watersheds (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

echigonia, Lefua Jordan [D. S.] & Richardson [R. E.] 1907:263, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1570); ref. 10643] Nagaoka, Echigo, Japan. Holotype: CAS-SU 20164. Paratypes: USNM (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Lefua costata (Kessler 1876), but a valid subspecies -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:400 [ref. 25598]). •Valid as Lefua echigonia Jordan & Richardson 1907 -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:546 [ref. 6363], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:59 [ref. 6441], Watanabe 1998:263 [ref. 23491], Nakabo 2000:277 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:168 [ref. 26000], Nakabo 2002:277 [ref. 26001], Mihara et al. 2005:157 [ref. 28201], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367], Hosoya et al. 2018:199 [ref. 36197], Ito et al. 2019:485 [ref. 36659], Katayama & Sawada 2024:252 [ref. 41607]). Current status: Valid as Lefua echigonia Jordan & Richardson 1907. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Honshu Island (Japan). Habitat: freshwater.

edsinica, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2003:66 [English p. 67], Fig. 29 [Estestvennye i Tekhnicheskie Nauki [Natural and Technical Sciences / Естественные и технические науки]. No. 1; ref. 28070] Edsin-River drainage, Hexi-Alashan region, northern China. Holotype (unique): ZIN 17294. •Valid as Triplophysa edsinica Prokofiev 2003 -- (Prokofiev 2006:255 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096]). •Valid as Tarimichthys edsinicus (Prokofiev 2003) -- (Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa edsinica Prokofiev 2003. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Edsin River, Hexi-Alashan region, northern China. Habitat: freshwater.

ekmekciae, Seminemacheilus Yoğurtçuoğlu [B.], Kaya [C.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2020:491, Figs. 12-14, 18 [Zootaxa 4802 (no. 3); ref. 37604] Stream Insuyu in Pınarbaşı village at Cihanbeyli, Konya Province, Turkey, 38.7336, 32.7054. Holotype: FFR 15567. Paratypes: FFR, FSJF. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:429 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Seminemacheilus ekmekciae Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Geiger & Freyhof 2020 -- (Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Çiçek et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:107 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Seminemacheilus ekmekciae Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Geiger & Freyhof 2020. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Tuz basin (Konya, Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

ekmekciae, Turcinoemacheilus Kaya [C.], Yoğurtçuoğlu [B.], Aksu [İ.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Turan [D.] 2023:4, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 104 (no. 1); ref. 40566] Stream Kaynarca at Kalecik, Murat drainage, Muş̧ Province, Turkey, 39.1519N, 41.3534E. Holotype: FFR 3608. Paratypes: FFR. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae Kaya, Yoğurtçuoğlu, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Turan 2023 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40625], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40707], Freyhof & Jouladeh-Roudbar 2024:178 [ref. 40751], Çiçek et al. 2024:109 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae Kaya, Yoğurtçuoğlu, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Turan 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: upper Tigris River basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

elakatis, Yunnanilus pleurotaenia Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.] in Zheng et al. 1989:43 [Engl. p. 409], Fig. 21 [Fishes of the Zhujiang River; ref. 21202] Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: IHASW 64-V-036. Paratypes: IHASW 64-V-28 to 35 (8), 64-V-38 to 46 (9); 63200 (1), 635162-63 (2), 6305194 (1). Authors are W.-X. Cao and S.-Q. Zhu. •Valid as Yunnanilus elakatis Cao & Zhu 1989 -- (Zhu 1989:17 [ref. 17744], Yang 1991:199 [ref. 13585], Zhu 1995:106 [ref. 25213], Zhu et al. 2009:197 [ref. 30145], Kottelat 2012:135 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477], Du et al. 2021:326 [ref. 38600], He et al. 2024:201 [ref. 40917], Qin et al. 2024:752 [ref. 41214]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus elakatis Cao & Zhu 1989. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan (China). Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Cobitis Kessler [K. F.] 1874:43 [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 11; ref. 2596] Salar River near Taschkent [Tashkent], Uzbekistan. Syntypes: ZMMU P-2542 (1), P-8002 (3); ZIN 10931 (1, not found in 1996). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:259 [ref. 9011], Vasil'eva et al. 2001:28[ref. 25714] as stoliczkai. •Questionably a synonym of Nemacheilus stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Berg 1949:862 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Noemacheilus stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866), but a valid subspecies elegans Kessler 1874 -- (Mitrofanov & Dukravec 1989:21 [ref. 37748]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866), but a valid subspecies elegans -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2007:13? [Engl. p. 9] [ref. 28990]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Questionably valid as Triplophysa elegans (Kessler 1874) -- (Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Triplophysa elegans (Kessler 1874) -- (Sheraliev & Peng 2021:9 [ref. 38329], Sheraliev & Kayumova 2022:36 [ref. 39437], Sheraliev et al. 2022:62 [ref. 39759]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa elegans (Kessler 1874). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Central Asia: Chirchik River basin, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater.

elegantissimus, Nemacheilus Chin [P. K.] & Samat [A.] 1992:26, Figs. 2, 5-6 [[The] Malayan Nature Journal v. 46 (pt 1); ref. 21366] Forest stream of Sungai Payau in shallow pools, Danum Valley, Sabah, Borneo, East Malaysia. Holotype: FMNH 100749. Paratypes: FMNH 100750 (5); FRCL(T) 0010 (6); UKMS/OS 2099-2101 (3), 2103-2110 (8); ZSH/CMK 7937 (1). The listing of Nemacheilus ornatissimus by Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832] was intended as this species. •Valid as Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat 1992 -- (Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:587 [ref. 23647], Hadiaty & Kottelat 2010:45 [ref. 30914], Kottelat 2012:90 [rfef. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus elegantissimus Chin & Samat 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Habitat: freshwater.

eliasi, Oxynoemacheilus Yoğurtçuoğlu [B.], Kaya [C.] & Freyhof [J.] 2022:478, Figs. 18-20 [Zootaxa 5133 (no. 4); ref. 39236] Inlet of Tahtalı Reservoir, under Şaşal bridge, Izmir province, Turkey, 38.1990, 27.1705. Holotype: FFR 15619. Paratypes: FFR 15581 (21), FSJF 1878 (6). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus eliasi Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya & Freyhof 2022 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:346 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:71 [ref. 40789], Turan et al. 2024:489 [ref. 41082], Turan et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41170] as eliase). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus eliasi Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya & Freyhof 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Gediz, Küçük Menderes and Tahtalı River drainages, western Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

elongata, Physoschistura Sen [N.] & Nalbant [T. T.] in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1982:210, Figs. 17-20 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 23 (for 1981); ref. 4030] Barapani, near Shillong, Meghalaya (Brahmaputra basin), India. Holotype: V/ERS 3063. Paratypes: (3) V/ERS 3066 and ISBB 3594. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Aborichthys elongatus Hora 1921 when both are placed in Noemacheilus by Menon 1987 [ref. 14149]; replaced by Noemacheilus barapaniensis Menon 1987. See Das 2003:353 [ref. 27706] with date as 1981. See Kottelat et al. 2007:39 [ref. 28942] for reinstatement of elongatus. •Valid as Nemacheilus elongatus (Sen & Nalbant 1982) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:479 [ref. 20764], Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant 1982 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:446 [ref. 23187], Sen 1995:548 [ref. 23778], Kottelat et al. 2007:39 [ref. 28942], Shrestha 2008:135 [ref. 29923], Chen et al. 2011:180 [ref. 31359], Conway et al. 2011:[11] [ref. 31594], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012:230 [ref. 32098], Kottelat 2012:102 [ref. 32367], Khynrian & Sen 2014:12 [ref. 33853], Endruweit 2017:378 [ref. 35305], Das & Darshan 2017:412 [ref. 35638]). •Valid as Schistura elongata (Sen & Nalbant 1982) -- (Lokeshwor et al. 2012:9 [ref. 32001] tentative, Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] [ref. 33603], Bleher 2018:216 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Physoschistura elongata Sen & Nalbant 1982. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Brahmaputra basin, India, Bhutan and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatus, Aborichthys Hora [S. L.] 1921:735, Fig. [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 5, no. 33); ref. 2203] Reang River, Darjiling [Darjeeling] District, India, Himalayas, elevation 2000 feet. Syntypes: ZSI F 10087/1 (3). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:119 [ref. 20743]. See Das 2003:351 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus elongatus (Hora 1921) -- (Menon 1987:184 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:187 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Aborichthys elongatus Hora 1921 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:457 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:543[ref. 23778], Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662], Kottelat et al. 2007:39 [ref. 28942], Sen 2009:13 [ref. 30554], Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367], Kosygin 2012:49 [ref. 32937], Khynrian & Sen 2014:5 [ref. 33853], Arunachalam et al. 2014:42 [ref. 33198], Bleher 2018:122 [ref. 36647], Kosygin et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36729], Shangningam et al. 2019:370 [ref. 37201], Singh & Kosygin 2022:[7] [ref. 39743]). Current status: Valid as Aborichthys elongatus Hora 1921. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: upper Brahmaputra basin, Meghalaya, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatus, Nemachilus kungessanus Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:44, Pl. 5 (fig. 3) [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Nomochun gol [Nemachun-gol], Mongolia or China. Syntypes: ZIN 7386 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. First revision apparently Zhu 1989:84 selecting orientalis over elongatus. •Synonym of Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Zhu 1989:84 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:172 [ref. 21205], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:68 [ref. 23556], Prokofiev 2006:256 [ref. 29061], Kottelat 2012:129 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2016:204 [ref. 34459], Guo 2021:512 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatus, Oreonectes Tang [L.], Zhao [Y.-H.] & Zhang [C.-G.] 2012:484, Figs. 2-3 [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 93 (no. 4); ref. 31595] Donglei Cave in Mulun Township, Huanjiang County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Holotype: ASIZB [now NZMC] 189288. Paratypes: ASIZB [now NZMC] 189289 (1), SCAU 20100106 (1). Type catalog: Ye et al. 2015:65 [ref. 33808]. •Valid as Oreonectes elongatus Tang, Zhao & Zhang 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:94 [ref. 32367] with genus in question, Kottelat 2012:347 [ref. 32232], Ye et al. 2015:65 [ref. 33808], Deng et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34936], Liu et al. 2019:404 [ref. 36573]). •Valid as Troglonectes elongatus (Tang, Zhao & Zhang 2012) -- (Zhang et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34477], Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes elongatus (Tang, Zhao & Zhang 2012). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Longjiang River basin, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

elsae, Oxynoemacheilus Eagderi [S.], Jalili [P.] & Çiçek [E.] 2018:454, Figs. 1-4 [FishTaxa v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 35940] Zarineh River, near Shahin-Dej city, Lake Urmia basin, west Azerbaijan Province, Iran, 36°37'40"N, 46°43'30"E. Holotype: IMNRF-UT-1404-H. Paratypes: IMNRF-UT. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus elsae Eagderi, Jalili & Çiçek 2018 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2018:44 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:164 [ref. 37983], Kaya 2020:327 [ref. 39101], Freyhof et al. 2021:135 [ref. 38237], Çiçek et al. 2021:173 [ref. 38560] as cf. elsae, Freyhof et al. 2021:144 [ref. 38237], Çiçek et al. 2023:347 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:72 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus elsae Eagderi, Jalili & Çiçek 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Lake Urmia basin (Iran; Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

emuensis, Barbatula Chen [H.], Zhang [H.], Chen [Y.-X.] & Freyhof [J.] 2019:19, Figs. 19-22 [Zootaxa 4565 (no. 1); ref. 36569] Zhu’Erduo River near Emu, upper Mudan River flowing into Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, Jilin Province, China, 43°75′N, 128°15′E. Holotype: HU 1608142. Paratypes: HU. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Barbatula emuensis Chen, Zhang, Chen & Freyhof 2019. Current status: Valid as Barbatula emuensis Chen, Zhang, Chen & Freyhof 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Zhu’Erduo, Erdaobai, Hun and Pushi River drainages, northern China (and possibly North Korea). Habitat: freshwater.

ephelis, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:59, Fig. 33 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Sala Yai, a tributary of Nam San, 18°35'17"N, 103°05'00"E, Saisomboun Special zone, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45337. Paratypes: CMK 13356 (32), LARRI uncat. (8), NRM 44892 (8), ZRC 45338 (8). •Valid as Schistura ephelis Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:105 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:88, 91 [ref. 32798], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Taki et al. 2021:208 [ref. 39830], Kottelat 2023:529 [ref. 40452]). Current status: Valid as Schistura ephelis Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, central Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

epimekes, Paracanthocobitis Dvořák [T.], Bohlen [J.], Kottelat [M.] & Šlechtová [V.] 2022:145, Figs. 2-5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 31 (no. 2): IEF-1174; ref. 39205] Myaekanbaw Chaung, a tributary of Khamaungthawe at Myaekanbaw Village, Tanintharyi River drainage, Tanintharyi Province, Myanmar, 14°18'07"N, 98°27'08"E. Holotype: MHNG 2786.066. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paracanthocobitis epimekes Dvořák, Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis epimekes Dvořák, Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Tenasserim and Lenya River basins, Myanmar, and Takua Pa River basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

epixenos, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2017:45, Figs. 2-6 [Zootaxa 4300 (no. 1); ref. 35502] Nam Kathang Gnai on edge of Nakai Plateau, near Ban Khon Keng, Xe Bangfai drainage, Khammouan Province, Laos, 17°37'06''N, 105°17'51''E. Holotype: MHNG 2767.086. Paratypes: CMK. •Valid as Schistura epixenos Kottelat 2017. Current status: Valid as Schistura epixenos Kottelat 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nakai Plateau, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

ercisianus, Orthrias angorae Erk'akan [F.] & Kuru [M.] 1986:161, Fig. 1a [Doga Turk Biyoloji Dergisi. v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 21167] Ercis stream, Lake Van basin, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC. Paratypes: HUIC (4+9+3). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus (Erk'akan & Kuru 1986) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:45 [ref. 33140], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Çiçek et al. 2018:18 [ref. 36267], Şen et al. 2019:67 [ref. 36474], Turan et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36540], Freyhof et al. 2019:34 [ref. 36739], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:347 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:72 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus (Erk'akan & Kuru 1986). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Van basin endemic, Van Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

erdali, Barbatula Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2007:78, Fig. 8 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Murat River-Agri, 39°40'N, 43°44'E, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC F12. Paratypes: HUIC F12 (7). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus erdali (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kamangar et al. 2014:43 [ref. 33140], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Çiçek et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36267], Turan et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36540]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin 1934) -- (Freyhof et al. 2019:33 [ref. 36739], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:162 [ref. 37983], Freyhof et al. 2022:168 [ref. 39240], Çiçek et al. 2024:67 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Derjavin 1934). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

eregliensis, Orthrias angorae Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Balik 1978:258, Fig. 1 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 75; ref. 9016] Eregli, southwestern central Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 1921. Paratypes: ZMH 5637 (4). Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:413 [ref. 21161]. •Synonym of Orthrias angorae (Steindachner 1897), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Erk'akan & Kuru 1986:160 [ref. 21167]). •Valid as Barbatula eregliensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978) -- (Erk'akan et al. 2007:74 [ref. 29026]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus angorae Steindachner 1897 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978) -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:143 [ref. 28767], Erk'akan et al. 2008:117 [ref. 29859] as Oxynemacheilus, Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Erk'akan 2012:97 [ref. 32281], Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2022:460 [ref. 39236], Çiçek et al. 2023:347 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Çiçek et al. 2024:73 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus eregliensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Manavgat River basin and Central Anatolian lake tributaries (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

erhaiensis, Paracobitis Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.] 1988:95 [100], Figs. 1-2 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 17743] Wase, eastern bank of Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: IHASW 64-VI-0012. Paratypes: IHASW 64-VI-0001 to 11 (11), 64-VI-0013 to 15 (3), 64-VI-0775 to 77 (3), 64-VI-0779 (1). English description on p. 100. •Valid as Paracobitis erhaiensis Zhu & Cao 1988 -- (Zhu 1989:36 [ref. 17744], Zhou & He 1993:5 [ref. 21971], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:444 [ref. 23187] with uncertain genus placement, Zhu 1995:109 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:51 [ref. 23556], Min et al. 2010:202 [ref. 30726]). •Synonym of Homatula anguillioides (Zhu & Wang 1985) -- (Endruweit et al. 2018:564 [ref. 35763]). •Valid as Homatula erhaiensis (Zhu & Cao 1988) -- (Hu & Zhang 2010:52 [ref. 30780], Gu & Zhang 2012:xx [ref. 31632], Min et al. 2012:313 [ref. 32341], Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:199 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:128 [ref. 34477], Li et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39800]). Current status: Valid as Homatula erhaiensis (Zhu & Cao 1988). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Mekong River basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

erythraea, Triplophysa Liu [Z.-X.] & Huang [T.-F] in Huang, Zhang, Huang, Wu, Gong, Zhang, Peng & Liu 2019:331, Figs. 2-3 [Zoological Research v. 40 (no. 4); ref. 36689] Dalong Cave, Huayuan County, Hunan, central south China, 28°16'25.11"N, 109°28'57.18"E, elevation 563 meters. Holotype: HY 18022802. Paratypes: HY. •Valid as Triplophysa erythraea Liu & Huang 2019 -- (Chen et al. 2021:190 [ref. 38191]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa erythraea Liu & Huang 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yuanjiang River drainage, Hunan Province, central south China. Habitat: freshwater.

erythrinna, Nemacheilus barbatulus aberr. Berg [L. S.] 1933:550 [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 2; ref. 279] Original not seen. Infrasubspecific, not available. •In the synonymy of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758). Nemacheilidae.

eugeniae, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2002:473, Fig. 5 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 26268] Hi-Chu, Kam Valley, China. Holotype (unique): ZIN 12575. •Valid as Triplophysa eugeniae Prokofiev 2002 -- (Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096]). •Valid as Indotriplophysa eugeniae (Prokofiev 2001) -- (Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa eugeniae Prokofiev 2002. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

euphraticus, Noemacheilus insignis Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1964:175, Pl. 7 (figs. 11-12) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 61; ref. 217] Euphrates (Firat Nehri) Basin, Malatya, eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 1889. Paratypes: ZMH H1890 (36). Also 10 additional non-type specimens in ZMH. Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:158 [ref. 22013]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Orthrias insignis (Heckel 1847), but a valid subspecies euphratica (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964) -- (Bănărescu et al. 1978:264 [ref. 9016]). •Valid as Nemacheilus euphraticus Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964 -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:110 [ref. 23810]). •Valid as Orthrias euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964) -- (Nalbant 1998:371 [ref. 26011], Fricke et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Barbatula euphratica (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964) -- (authors). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1847), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus argyrogramma (Heckel 1847) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:308 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:39 [ref. 33140]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964) -- (Freyhof 2016:99 [ref. 34815], Freyhof & Abdullah 2017:84 [ref. 35169], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:385 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:64 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:552 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Esmaeili et al. 2018:44 [ref. 36089], Turan et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36540], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:165 [ref. 37983], Rakici et al. 2020:410 [ref. 37960], Saygun et al. 2021:47 [ref. 38525], Çiçek et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:347 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:73 [ref. 40789], Kaya et al. 2024:465 [ref. 41035]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Euphrates and Tigris River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

evezardi, Nemacheilus Day [F.] 1872:182 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 41 (pt 2, nos 1-4); ref. 14133] Pune [Púna or Poona], India [? Mutha River 18°28'N, 73°48'E]. Holotype (unique): ZSI 2678 (lost). Original as Evezardi. Often dated to 1878 [ref. 4887]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Valid as Nemacheilus evezardi Day 1872 -- (Menon 1987:191 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:480 [ref. 20764], Zacharias et al. 1996:41 [ref. 25526], Menon 1999:188 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Yadav 2000:41 [ref. 25661] as everardi, Romero & Paulson 2001:20 [ref. 26040], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Yadav 2003:17 [ref. 27711]). •Valid as Oreonectes evezardi (Day 1872) -- (Singh & Yazdani 1993:199 [ref. 24022], Rema Devi et al. 2002:127 [ref. 26361]). •Valid as Indoreonectes evezardi (Day 1872) -- (Kottelat 1990:55 [ref. 16763], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2005:77 [ref. 28530], Proudlove 2006:102 [ref. 28992], Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:134 [ref. 36647], Prasad et al. 2020:344 [ref. 37918], Kumkar et al. 2021:520 [ref. 38567]). Current status: Valid as Indoreonectes evezardi (Day 1872). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Krishna River basin, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Peninsular India. Habitat: freshwater.

evreni, Schistura Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2007:82, Fig. 12 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Tekir Stream, Göksu Basin, 38°39'N, 36°37'E, Turkey. Holotype: SEY-3. Paratypes: HUIC CEY-1 (2). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus evreni (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007) -- (Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Kaya et al. 2020:289 [ref. 37622], Freyhof et al. 2021:138 [ref. 38277], Çiçek et al. 2023:348 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:74 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus evreni (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Ceyhan River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Kayseri Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

falamensis, Schistura Chen [M.-F.], Myint [K. M.], Chu [L.] & Chen [X.-Y.] 2020:87, Figs. 1-7 [Zootaxa 4895 (no. 1); ref. 38014] Main channel of the Manipur River, Falam District, Chin State, Myanmar, 22°57'48"N, 93°41'1"E, elevation 320 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2018002396. Paratypes: KIZ, SEABRI. •Valid as Schistura falamensis Chen, Myint, Chu & Chen 2020. Current status: Valid as Schistura falamensis Chen, Myint, Chu & Chen 2020. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Manipur River drainage, Chin State, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

farsicus, Orthrias Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.] 1998:111, Fig. 6 [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] River Kor near Persepolis, Iran. Holotype: IZA 7823. Paratypes: ISBB 3442 (7), 3446 (7), 3451 (7); IZA 7824-26 (64, 61, 31), 7845 (7). •Valid as Barbatula farsica (Nalbant & Bianco 1998) -- (based on status of Barbatula). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus farsicus (Nalbant & Bianco 1998) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel 1847) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:309 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:98 [ref. 32367], Freyhof 2016:100 [ref. 34815], Esmaeili et al. 2017:67 [ref. 35254], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2018:45 [ref. 36026], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:175 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:87 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus persa (Heckel 1847). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

farwelli, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1935:799 [16], Pl. 1 (fig. 2); Fig. 4d [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 37 (pt 4); ref. 13887] Helmand River, Afghanistan. Holotype (unique): ZSI F11515/1. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:364 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus farwelli Hora 1935 -- (Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus, Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Triplophysa farwelli (Hora 1935) -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:116 [ref. 23810], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:15 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa farwelli (Hora 1935). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Helmand River (Afghanistan) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciata, Cobitis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:25 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Bogor, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-2798. Type information: Roberts 1993:26 [ref. 21799]. •Valid as Homaloptera fasciatus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1993:26 [ref. 21799]). •Valid as Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Kottelat et al. 1993:54 [ref. 23448], Hadiaty & Siebert 2001:186 [ref. 25685], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2011:204 [ref. 31485], Kottelat 2012:91 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:200 [ref. 32989], Hubert et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36547]) Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes 1846). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Java, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciata, Schistura Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.] 2011:1515, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Threatened Taxa v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 31183] Barak River at western side of Maram Hill, Senapati District, Manipur, India, 25°23'24.66"N, 94°04'09.25"E. Holotype: MUMF 11010. Paratypes: MUMF 11001-11019 (18), 11020-11021 (2). •Valid as Schistura fasciata Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2011 -- (Lokeshwor et al. 2012:262 [ref. 32337], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:4 [ref. 32463], Lokeshwor et al. 2013:587 [ref. 32764], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:55 [ref. 32801], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:575 [ref. 32971], Shangningam et al. 2014:189 [ref. 33318], Khynrian & Sen 2014:16 [ref. 33853], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] [ref. 33603], Lalramliana et al. 2014:211 [ref. 33628], Bleher 2018:218 [ref. 36647], Choudhury et al. 2019:50 [ref. 36483]). Current status: Valid as Schistura fasciata Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Barak-Surma-Meghna River basin, Manipur, India. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Noemacheilus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in van Hasselt 1823:133 [Algemeene Konst- en Letter-bode voor het Jaar II Deel (no. 35); ref. 5963] Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Regarded as not available, no distingushing features (from Buitenzorg, Java) -- (see Alfred 1961:85 [ref. 20553], Kottelat 1987:371 [ref. 5962]). Also in van Hasselt 1824:376 [ref. 5964]. •In the synonymy of Nemacheilus chrysolaimos (Valenciennes 1846) and Nemacheilus fasciatus (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Roberts 1993:25-26 [ref. 21799]). •Treated as valid as Nemacheilus fasciatus (Kuhl & van Hasselt 1823) -- (Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832]). Nomen Nudum. Nemacheilidae.

fasciatus, Noemacheilus Kuhl [H.] & van Hasselt [J. C.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:26 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Manuscript name mentioned in passing, species named Cobitis fasciata by Valenciennes 1846. Nomen Nudum. Nemacheilidae.

fascimaculata, Schistura Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.] in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu 1981:121, Figs. 41-45 [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Hangu, Kohat District on the Kohat Toi River, Pakistan. Holotype: ISBB 3371. Paratypes: ISBB 3372 (1), ZMA 116445 (2), Mirza priv. coll. (orig. 5). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:36 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Nemacheilus fascimaculatus (Mirza & Nalbant 1981) -- (Menon 1987:72 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:481 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Schistura fascimaculata Mirza & Nalbant 1981 -- (Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Schistura fascimaculata Mirza & Nalbant 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciolata, Homaloptera Nichols [J. T.] & Pope [C. H.] 1927:339, Fig. 11 [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 54 (art. 2); ref. 5747] Nodoa [= Nada Town], Hainan Island, China. Holotype: AMNH 8365. Paratypes: (several) AMNH 10296 (3, 1 c&s), 10307 (1), 10316 (1). •Valid as Nemacheilus fasciolatus (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Mai 1978:232 [ref. 13511] as Noemacheilus, Chen in Kuang et al. 1986:150 [ref. 26639], Zhu & Cao 1987:327 [ref. 14139], Zheng et al. 1989:50 [ref. 21202], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:242 [ref. 23876]). •Valid as Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Zhu 1989:47 [ref. 17744], Ding 1994:57 [ref. 21531], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Zhu 1995:110 [ref. 25213], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:54 [ref. 23556], Chen 1999:304 [ref. 24925], Freyhof & Serov 2001:154 [ref. 25364], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2001:47 [ref. 25482] as cf. fasciolata, Kottelat & Leisher 2012:240 [ref. 32277] as cf. fasciolata, Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Endruweit 2017:149 [ref. 35362], Cao & Zhang 2018:134 [ref. 36108], Zhang et al. 2019:369 [ref. 36699]). Current status: Valid as Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope 1927). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hainan Island, China. Habitat: freshwater.

fatmae, Oxynoemacheilus Turan [D.], Aksu [S.], Güçlü [S. S.] & Kalayci [G.] 2024:2, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 105 (no. 3); ref. 41170] Güzelhisar stream at Süngüllü Village, Izmir Province, Turkey, 38°52'09.4"N, 27°18'33.3"E. Holotype: FFR 15654. Paratypes: FFR 15653 (22). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus fatmae Turan, Aksu, Güçlü & Kalayci 2024. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus fatmae Turan, Aksu, Güçlü & Kalayci 2024. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Güzelhisar stream drainage, northern Aegean Sea basin, Izmir Province, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

fatsaensis, Oxynoemacheilus Saygun [S.], Ağdamar [S.] & Özuluğ [M.] 2021:40, Figs. 2-6 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 294; ref. 38525] Elekçi stream, Ordu Province, northern Anatolia, Turkey, 40.53200N, 37.23390E. Holotype: IUSHM 2021-1449. Paratypes: IUSHM 2021-1450 (6), 2021-1451 (8). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus fatsaensis Saygun, Ağdamar & Özuluğ 2021 -- (Freyhof et al. 2022:176 [ref. 39240], Turan et al. 2023:441 [ref. 40533], Çiçek et al. 2023:348 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:74 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus fatsaensis Saygun, Ağdamar & Özuluğ 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Elekçi stream drainage, northern Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

fedtschenkoae, Nemachilus Nikolskii [A. M.] 1903:93 [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 8; ref. 15036] Murgab River, Tajikistan. Holotype (unique): ZIN 12710. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus stoliczkai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Berg 1949:862 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061] as stoliczkai, Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Synonym of Triplophysa uranoscopus (Kessler 1872) -- (Kottelat 2012:132 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa uranoscopus (Kessler 1872). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

fengshanensis, Triplophysa Lan [J.] in Lan, Gan, Wu & Juan 2013:(135) 256, Figs. 104-105 [Science Press, Beijing; ref. 32910] Lintong Town, Fengshan County, Guangxi, China, 24.8°N, 107.0°, elevation 850 meters. Holotype: CLJH 201011056. Paratypes: CLJH 20101110507, 2011120701, 2011120703 (4 spec.). •Valid as Triplophysa fengshanensis Lan 2013 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477], Liu et al. 2017:844 [ref. 35125], Li et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35551], Wu et al. 2018:74 [ref. 35850], Wu et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35971], Chen & Peng 2019:381 [ref. 36537], Huang et al. 2019:334 [ref. 36689], Chen et al. 2021:190 [ref. 38191]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa fengshanensis Lan 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

ferganaensis, Triplophysa Sheraliev [B.] & Peng [Z.-G.] 2021:3, Figs. 2-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 99 (no. 3); ref. 38329] Shakhimardan stream in Yordon village, an exclave of Uzbekistan in Kyrgyzstan, Syr Darya basin, Fergana district, Fergana Region, Uzbekistan, 39°57.842'N, 71°45.6467'E, elevation 1,581 meters. Holotype: SWU 20190813001. Paratypes: FSU 082019650-654 (4), SWU 20190813002-021 (20). •Valid as Triplophysa ferganaensis Sheraliev & Peng 2021 -- (Sheraliev & Kayumova 2022:36 [ref. 39437], Sheraliev et al. 2022:62 [ref. 39759]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa ferganaensis Sheraliev & Peng 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Central Asia: Shakhimardan River drainage, Syr Darya basin (Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan). Habitat: freshwater.

ferruginea, Schistura Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.] 2013:50, Figs. 1-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 32801] Rivulet of Barak River at Don Bosco College campus, Maram, Manipur, India, 25°24'34.09"N, 94°06'25.66"E. Holotype: MUMF 11112. Paratypes: MUMF. •Valid as Schistura ferruginea Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013 -- (Solo et al. 2014:259 [ref. 33517]). •Possibly valid as Rhyacoschistura ferruginea (Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013) -- (Kottelat 2019:168 [ref. 36743]). Current status: Valid as Schistura ferruginea Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Brahmaputra River basin, Manipur, northeast India. Habitat: freshwater.

finis, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:59, Fig. 34 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Kan, a small creek making the border between Laos and Vietnam at Ban Xayden, 19°28'19"N, 104°05'04"E, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45339. Paratypes: CMK 15271 (8), LARRI uncat. (8), NRM 44912 (8), ZRC 45340 (8). •Valid as Schistura finis Kottelat 2000 -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:153 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2001:48 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2001:107 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Schistura finis Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

flavicorpus, Triplophysa Yang [J.-X.], Chen [Y.-R.] & Lan [J.-H.] 2004:113, Figs. 3-4 [Guangxi Aquatic Product Science and Technology 2004 (no. 3); ref. 28066] Hongshui River system, Du'An [Duan] County, Guangxi Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 99050004. Paratypes: KIZ 99050003 (1), 00110551-54 (4), 00120610 (1), 00120614 (1), 00120621 (1), 00120624 (1) Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:352 [ref. 32939] as 9950004. Proofed from electronic translation to English. •Valid as Triplophysa flavicorpus Yang, Chen & Lan 2004 -- (Chen & Chen 2007:111 [ref. 29350] as flacicorpus, Chen et al. 2009:90 [ref. 30169], Zheng 2009:225 [ref. 30217], Yang et al. 2012:170 [ref. 31483], Zheng et al. 2012:835 [ref. 31820], Lin et al. 2012:646 [ref. 32193], Ren et al. 2012:191 [ref. 32330], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477], Li et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35551], Wu et al. 2018:73 [ref. 35850], Wu et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35971], Chen et al. 2021:189 [ref. 38191]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa flavicorpus Yang, Chen & Lan 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hongshui [Hongshuihe] River drainage of Red River system and Pearl River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

flavus, Nemacheilus Berg [L. S.] 1905:193, Pl. 6 (figs. 3-5) [Izviestii Turkestanskago otdiela Russkago geograficheskago obschchestva v. 4; ref. 15338] Lower Amu Darya River and Upper Syr Darya River, Turkmenistan. Lectotype: ZIN 13282. Paralectotypes: MLSU 297 (1); ZIN 10306 (2), 13282-83 (10, 2). Lectotype established in caption to Fig. 625 in Berg 1949:880 [ref. 20661] if figured specimen is identifiable. •Synonym of Nemacheilus oxianus Kessler 1877 -- (Berg 1949:879 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of 'Oxynoemacheilus' oxianus (Kessler 1877) -- (Kottelat 2012:98 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus oxianus (Kessler 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

forkicaudalis, Yunnanilus Li [W.-X.] in Li, Wu, Xu, Gao, Chen, Wu & Wang 1999:4 [English p. 7], Fig. 2 [Sichuan Journal of Zoology v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 23880] Heilongtan, Lunan, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: HRAS 6509047. Paratypes: HRAS 6509046 (1), 6509048-49 (2). Spelled foreicaudalis on Li p. 4; simultaneous synonym of Yunnunilus macrositanus Li 1999 (Kottelat 2012:135 [ref. 32367]). •Questionably the same as Yunnanilus macrositanus Li 1999 -- (Kottelat 2012:135 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Yunnanilus forkicaudalis Li 1999 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34477], Du et al. 2018:138 [ref. 36374], Du et al. 2021:326 [ref. 38600], He et al. 2024:201 [ref. 40917], Qin et al. 2024:752 [ref. 41214]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus forkicaudalis Li 1999. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan (China). Habitat: freshwater.

fowleri, Barbatula toni Nichols [J. T.] 1925:3 [American Museum Novitates No. 171; ref. 3178] Eastern Tombs, Chihli, Hopeh [Hebei] Province, China. Now: Zunhua, 40°11'N, 117°58'E, China. Holotype: AMNH 8409. •Synonym of Nemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:869 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies nuda (Bleeker 1868) -- (Zhu 1989:30 [ref. 17744]). •Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski 1869), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Vasil'eva 1998:96 [ref. 23591]). •Synonym of Orthrias barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Prokofiev 2007:17 [ref. 30343]). •Synonym of Barbatula nuda (Bleeker 1869) with question -- (Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:53 [ref. 28831], Prokofiev 2015:461 [ref. 34065]). •Synonym of Barbatula pechiliensis (Fowler 1899) -- (Chen et al. 2019:15 [ref. 36569]). Current status: Synonym of Barbatula pechiliensis (Fowler 1899). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

fowleri, Noemacheilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1987 [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

fowlerianus, Noemacheilus Smith [H. M.] 1945:306 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 188; ref. 4056] Mepoon [Me poon, = Mae Phun], central Thailand. Lectotype: ANSP 108189. Paralectotypes: ANSP 69962-66 (4); USNM 119700 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:63 [ref. 13621]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Smith designated as holotype ANSP 69961, but it was not separated from other specimens (see Böhlke 1984:63 [ref. 13621]). Lectotype selected by Kottelat 1990:207 [ref. 14137]. •Valid as Schistura fowleriana (Smith 1945) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187]). •Synonym of Schistura sexcauda (Fowler 1937) -- (Kottelat 1990:204 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:117 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:211 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Schistura sexcauda (Fowler 1937). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

frenata, Cobitis Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1086 [96] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq. Syntypes: NMW 48552 (5), NRM 15477 (1). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [ref. 2067]. On p. 96 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Nemacheilus frenatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608], Coad 1998:103 [ref. 23869]). •Valid as Orthrias frenatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:112 [ref. 23810], Fricke et al. 2007:52 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Barbatula frenata (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 2010:207 [ref. 36620]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:45 [ref. 33140], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:883 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34789], Freyhof 2016:94 [ref. 34815], Freyhof & Abdullah 2017:86 [ref. 35169], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:559 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Esmaeili et al. 2018:44 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili 2020:201 [ref. 37967], Çiçek et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:348 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:11 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:75 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus frenatus (Heckel 1843). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin and Lesser Zab drainage (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

freyhofi, Oxynoemacheilus Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Eagderi [S.] & Hosseinpour [T.] 2016:95, Figs. 1-7 [FishTaxa v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 34789] Roudbar River, tributary of Bakhtiyari River, near Kazem Abad village, Lorstan province, Iran, 33°08'17.8"N, 49°40'43.9"E. Holotype: IMNRF-UT-1036-1. Paratypes: IMNRF-UT. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus freyhofi Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi & Hosseinpour 2016 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:45 [ref. 36089] with question, Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:166 [ref. 37983]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964) -- (Freyhof 2016:99 [ref. 34815], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:385 [ref. 35216], Çiçek et al. 2024:73 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

fuerstenbergii, Cobitis Fitzinger [L. J. F. J.] in Heckel & Kner 1857:301 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Not available, no distinguishing features, as fürstenbergii in synonymy of Cobitis barbatula. •In the synonymy of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758). Nemacheilidae.

furcatus, Oreias Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1976:188, Pls. 1 (2-3), 2 (6, 8); Figs. 5-8 [Nymphaea v. 4; ref. 7353] Tsao Po, near Kuan-shien, Szechwan, China. Holotype: USNM 130128. Paratypes: FMNH 51143 (4). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:63 [ref. 12367]. The genus Oreias is apparently preoccupied. •Synonym of Oreias dabryi Sauvage 1874 -- (Wu & Wu 1992:147 [ref. 21205], Ding 1994:60 [ref. 21531], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:58 [ref. 23556]). •Synonym of Schistura dabryi (Sauvage 1874) -- (Zhu 1989:55 [ref. 17744], Zhou & Cui 1993:82 [ref. 20830]). •Synonym of Claea dabryi (Sauvage 1874) -- (Kottelat 2012:81 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Claea dabryi (Sauvage 1874). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

furcocaudalis, Oreonectes Zhu [S.-Q.] & Cao [W.-X.] 1987:326 [331], Figs. 5-6 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 14139] Outlet of subterranean water near Rongshui County town, ca. 25°04'N, 109°13'E, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Holotype: IHASW 83V331. Paratypes: IHASW 83V326 (1), 83V330 (1). English description on p. 331. •Valid as Oreonectes furcocaudalis Zhu & Cao 1987 -- (Zhu 1989:24 [ref. 17744], Lan et al. 1995:367 [ref. 23184], Zhu 1995:107 [ref. 25213], Zhang et al. 2006:614 [ref. 29423], Du et al. 2008:28 [ref. 29544] Huang et al. 2009:445 [ref. 30323], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Zhao et al. 2011:1552 [ref. 31493], Yang et al. 2011:210 [ref. 31282], Tang et al. 2012:489 [ref. 31595], Kottelat 2012:347 [ref. 32232], Kottelat 2012:94 [ref. 32367] with genus in question, Ma & Zhao 2012:110 [ref. 34891], Lan et al. 2013:253 [ref. 32910], Deng et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34936], Liu et al. 2019:404 [ref. 36573]). •Valid as Troglonectes furcocaudalis (Zhu & Cao 1987) -- (Zhang et al. 2016:147 [ref. 34477], Huang et al. 2019:117 [ref. 37137], Du et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38600], Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes furcocaudalis (Zhu & Cao 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Liujiang River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

furstenbergii, Cobitis Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846:26 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Name only, not available. •In the synonymy of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:77 [ref. 32367]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758). Nemacheilidae.

furva, Triplophysa Zhu [S.-Q.] 1992:242 [246], Figs. 3-6 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 21064] Ürümqi River, near the Hongyanchi Reservoir, Ürümqi City, 43°47'N, 87°37'E, Xinjiang Uygur, Autonomous Region, China. Holotype: NIGLAS 880943. Paratypes: NIGLAS 880919-42 (24). English description on p. 246. •Valid as Triplophysa furva Zhu 1992 -- (Zhu 1995:114 [ref. 25213], Li et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29309], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa furva Zhu 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

fusinotata, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:60, Fig. 35 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Vi at ford downriver (1.5 kilometers NW) of Ban Kasang-Kan, 15°17'55"N, 106°54'10"E, Xekong Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45341. Paratypes: CMK 15577 (4), 15615 (14), 15745 (4); LARRI uncat. (2); ZRC 45342 (2). •Valid as Schistura fusinotata Kottelat 2000 -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:168 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2001:107 [ref. 25780], Ou et al. 2011:199 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:25 [ref. 32804], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2016:361 [ref. 34366], Taki et al. 2021:218 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura fusinotata Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, southern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

fuxianensis, Triplophysa Yang [J.-X.] & Chu [X.-L.] 1990:377 [383], Fig. 2 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 16188] Lake Fuxian [Fuxianhu], 24°32'N, 103°55'E, Nanpan basin, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 873126. Paratypes: KIZ 873125 (1), 873127-28 (2), 8611025-29 (5). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:352 [ref. 32939]. English description on p. 383. •Valid as Triplophysa fuxianensis Yang & Chu 1990 -- (Yang 1991:200 [ref. 13585], Lan et al. 1995:369 [ref. 23184], Yang & Chen 1995:26 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:119 [ref. 25213], Chen et al. 2009:90 [ref. 30169], Zheng et al. 2012:835 [ref. 31820], Lin et al. 2012:646 [ref. 32193], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477], Wu et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35971]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa fuxianensis Yang & Chu 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Fuzian, upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

galilaea, Cobitis Günther [A.] 1864:493 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 3); ref. 13931] Lake Tiberias, Israel [erroneous, should be Huleh Lake, Israel]. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1863.11.3.8. •Valid as Nemacheilus galilaeus (Günther 1864) -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:379 [ref. 13651]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus galilaeus (Günther 1864) -- (Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Nun galilaea (Günther 1864) -- (Prokofiev 2017:252 [ref. 35630]). •Valid as Nun galilaeus (Günther 1864) -- (Bănărescu et al. 1982:23 [ref. 174], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:446 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2009:885 [ref. 30604], Çiçek et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40601], Saad et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:61 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Nun galilaeus (Günther 1864). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Huleh Lake, Jordan River basin (Israel). Habitat: freshwater.

gangeticus, Noemacheilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1987:82, Pl. 12 (fig. 6) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Alaknanda River (Ganges River basin) at Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttar Pradesh, India. Holotype: SRS/ZSI F582. Paratypes: SRS/ZSI F583 (40). See Das 2003:366 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus gangeticus Menon 1987 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:481 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:172 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Karmakar 2000:31 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura gangetica (Menon 1990) -- (Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Lalronunga et al. 2013:589 [ref. 32927], Solo et al. 2014:259 [ref. 33517], Bleher 2018:220 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Schistura gangetica (Menon 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Ganges basin, India. Habitat: freshwater.

ganheensis, Yunnanilus An [L.], Liu [B.-S.] & Li [W.-X.] 2009:635 [English p. 638], Fig. 11 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 34 (no. 3); ref. 30709] Ganhe, 25°30'N, 103°40'E, Xundan County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: HRAS 920217004. Paratypes: HRAS 920217003 (1). •Valid as Yunnanilus ganheensis An, Liu & Li 2009 -- (Kottelat 2012:135 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:149 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:360 [ref. 36699]). •Synonym of Yunnanilus spanisbripes An, Liu & Li 2009 -- (Du et al. 2021:332 [ref. 38600]). Current status: Synonym of Yunnanilus spanisbripes An, Liu & Li 2009. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

garoensis, Aborichthys Hora [S. L.] 1925:233, Figs. 1-4 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 27; ref. 15546] Tura, Garo Hills, Meghalaya, Assam, India, elevation 1200-1500 ft. Holotype: ZSI F10669/1. Syntypes: ZSI F10669/1 (2). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:119 [ref. 20743], Menon 1987:188 [ref. 14149]. See Das 2003:352 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus garoensis (Hora 1925) -- (Menon 1987:186 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Aborichthys garoensis Hora 1925 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:458 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:544 [ref. 23778], Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662], Sen 2009:13 [ref. 30554], Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367]. Gurung et al. 2013:4883 [ref. 32969] dated 1913, Kosygin 2012:49 [ref. 32937], Khynrian & Sen 2014:6 [ref. 33853], Bleher 2018:124 [ref. 36647], Kosygin et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36729], Shangningam et al. 2019:369 [ref. 37201], Singh & Kosygin 2022:[7] [ref. 39743]). Current status: Valid as Aborichthys garoensis Hora 1925. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: upper Brahmaputra basin, northeastern India, Bhutan and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

geisleri, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1990:127, Figs. 91-92 [Indochinese nemacheilines; ref. 14137] Nam Mae Taeng at Ban Mae Ta Man, 19°12'N, 98°53'E, Chiang Mai Province, Mae Nam Ping basin, Thailand. Holotype: ZSM 38475 [now ZRC 27476]. Paratypes: CAS 62553 (4); KIZ uncat. (3); CMK 4007 (14), 4067 (3), 4074 (6), 4276 (4), 4943 (1), 5183 (6), 5206 (12), 5850 (1), 5852 (3); KUMF uncat. (3); MHNG 2081.34 (1), 2157.47 (2); NIFI 2180 (4); NIG uncat. (3); USNM 295778 (1). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:240 [ref. 31652] Holotype now at ZRC. •Valid as Schistura geisleri Kottelat 1990 -- (Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Vidthayanon & Kottelat 2003:172 [ref. 26859], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2010:319 [ref. 30687], Chen & Neely 2012:226 [ref. 32332], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:89 [ref. 32798], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:60 [ref. 33202]). •Possibly in Mustura -- (Kottelat 2018:292 [ref. 36206], Choudhury et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38288]). Current status: Valid as Schistura geisleri Kottelat 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nam Mae Tang drainage, Chiangmai, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

gejiuensis, Noemacheilus Chu [S.-L.] & Chen [Y.-R.] 1979:285 [English p. 287], Fig. 1 [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 25 (no. 3); ref. 8838] 400 meters deep, in underground river at Gejiu City, Bajianjing 4 kilometers from Qiafang, 23°16'N, 103°09'E, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 7803001. Paratypes: KIZ 7803003-08 [KIZ 1978000983] (7). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:352 [ref. 32939]. Genus spelling of original genus is Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus gejiuensis Chu & Chen 1979 -- (Yue & Chen 1998:198 [ref. 26415]). •Valid as Schistura gejiuensis (Chu & Chen 1979) -- (Zhu 1989:57 [ref. 17744]). •Valid as Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu & Chen 1979) -- (Chen et al. 1992:19 [ref. 20028], Zhou & Cui 1993:83 [ref. 20830], Zhu 1995:120 [ref. 25213], Zhou & Cui 1997:178 [ref. 23279], Romero & Paulson 2001:22 [ref. 26040], Kottelat 2004:190 [ref. 27801], Chen & Yang 2005:604 [ref. 28119], Proudlove 2006:90 [ref. 28992], Li et al. 2008:676 [ref. 29925], Chen et al. 2009:90 [ref. 30169], Zheng 2009:225 [ref. 30217], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096] as geijuensis, Zhao et al. 2011:1553 [ref. 31493], Yang et al. 2011:569 [ref. 31447], Yang et al. 2012:170 [ref. 31483], Zheng et al. 2012:835 [ref. 31820], Lin et al. 2012:645 [ref. 32193], Wu et al. 2012:878 [ref. 32311], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:111 [ref. 34891], Yang in Lan et al. 2013:256, 257 [ref. 32910], Kottelat 2013:214 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:137 [ref. 34477], Yang et al. 2016:299 [ref. 34677], Li et al. 2016:[4] [ref. 35021], Liu et al. 2017:844 [ref. 35125], Li et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35551], Wu et al. 2018:74 [ref. 35850], Wu et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35971], Huang et al. 2019:334 [ref. 36689], Chen et al. 2021:190 [ref. 38191]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa gejiuensis (Chu & Chen 1979). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nanpan River drainage, upper Pearl River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

geminusclathratus, Homatula Li [X.], Yang [B.], Guo [Y.] & Zhou [W.] 2022:7, Figs. 1, 2A, 3A [PLoS ONE v. 17 (no. 11) (art. e0276847); ref. 39800] Xiaobahe on the eastern slope of Wuliangshan, Chuan-he drainage, Wenjing Town, Jingdong County, Pu'er City, Yunnan, China, 24°19'53.97"N, 100°48'37.17"E. Holotype: SWFC 0309250. Paratypes: SWFC 039251-72 (22). Combined with a feminine genus, the adjective should be geminusclathrata. •Valid as Homatula geminusclathrata Li, Yang, Guo & Zhou 2022. Current status: Valid as Homatula geminusclathrata Li, Yang, Guo & Zhou 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Black River drainage, Red River basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

genilepis, Paranemachilus Zhu [S.-Q.] 1983:311 [313], Figs. 1-4 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 6667] Subterranean river of Changping (ca. 22°42'N, 107°53'E), Fusui County, southern Guangxi, China. Holotype: ASIZB [now NZMC] 60382 [ex 790002]. Paratypes: ASIZB [now NZMC] 60383-96 out of 790003-09 (7), 790009-20 (12); NIGLAS 790001 (1), 790008 (1). Type catalog: Zhang 1996:500 [ref. 24036], Ye et al. 2015:67 [ref. 33808]. English description on p. 313. •Valid as Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu 1983 -- (Zhu & Cao 1987:324 [ref. 14139], Zheng et al. 1989:39 [ref. 21202], Zhu 1989:10 [ref. 17744], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:456 [ref. 23187], Zhu 1995:105 [ref. 25213], Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Zhao et al. 2011:1552 [ref. 31493] in genus Paranemacheilus, Kottelat 2012:100 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:111 [ref. 34891], Lan et al. 2013:24 [ref. 32910], Ye et al. 2015:67 [ref. 33808], Zhang et al. 2016:131 [ref. 34477], Du et al. 2021:322 [ref. 38600], Du et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40265], Mo et al. 2024:1381 [ref. 41636]). Current status: Valid as Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu 1983. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Zuojiang River drainage, southern Guangxi (China). Habitat: freshwater.

germencica, Barbatula Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2007:70, Fig. 2 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Aydin, Germencik, 15th kilometer, 37°38'N, 27°18'E [not correct, probably north of Germencik], Turkey. Holotype: HUIC BM-1. Paratypes: HUIC BM-1 (7). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus germencicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Erk'akan 2012:97 [ref. 32281], Kottelat 2012:96 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:148 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2022:463 [ref. 39236], Çiçek et al. 2023:348 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:75 [ref. 40789], Turan et al. 2024:489 [ref. 41082], Turan et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41170]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus germencicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Büyük Menderes River basin (Aegean Sea tributary), Aydιn Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

gerzeensis, Triplophysa Cao [W.-X.] & Zhu [S.-Q.] 1988:202 (English p. 204), Figs. 4-5 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 17647] Stream (Chaco Lake drainage) near Gerze County, China, 32°N, 84°E, elevation 4370 meters. Holotype: IHASW 76IV0200. Paratypes: IHASW 76IV166-190 (25), 76IV201-203 (3). •Synonym of Triplophysa microps (Steindachner 1866) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:196 [ref. 21205] as genzeensis). •Valid as Triplophysa gerzeensis Cao & Zhu 1988 -- (Zhu 1989:123 [ref. 17744], Zhang et al. 1995:67 [ref. 22734], Zhu 1995:119 [ref. 25213], Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613], Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa gerzeensis Cao & Zhu 1988. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

ghazniensis, Noemacheilus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1966:162, Fig. 7; Pl. 20 (figs. 4-5) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn v. 129; ref. 218] Ghazni River at Ghazni [33°33'N, 68°26'E], tributary of Ab-i-Istadah Lake, Helmand drainage, Afghanistan. Holotype: BMNH 1944.4.1.1. Paratypes: BMNH 1944.4.1.2-6 (5). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus ghazniensis Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966 -- (Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus, Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Paracobitis ghazniensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:443 [ref. 23187], Prokofiev 2009:888 [ref. 30604], Kottelat 2012:99 [ref. 32367], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:340 [ref. 33744], Çiçek et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Paracobitis ghazniensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northern-central Asia: Afghanistan endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

gibba, Barbatula Cao [L.], Causse [R.] & Zhang [E] 2012:244, Figs. 1C [Zootaxa No. 3586; ref. 32335] Dali-Nur Lake in Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia, China. Holotype: IHB 76X2566. Paratypes: IHB 76X2552-4, 76X2558-9, 76X2562, 76X2564, 76X2567-8, 76X2574, 76X2576, 76X2584-5 (total 13). •Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Prokofiev 2015:461 [ref. 34065]). •Valid as Barbatula gibba Cao, Causse & Zhang 2012 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:127 [ref. 34477], Chen et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36569]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula gibba Cao, Causse & Zhang 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dali-Nur Lake, Inner Mongolia, China. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbosa, Cobitis McClelland [J.] 1839:304, 436, Pl. 52 (fig. 7b) [Asiatic Researches v. 19 (pt 2); ref. 2923] Brahmaputra River [at Goalpara], India. Unneeded replacement name for Cobitis turio Hamilton 1822. •Synonym of Acanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Kottelat 1990:28 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:75 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822) -- (Singer & Page 2015:386 [ref. 33823]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Paracanthocobitis botia (Hamilton 1822). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbusnazus, Nemacheilus brandtii Elanidze [R. F.] 1983 [Ichthyofauna of Georgia [Eurasia]; ref. 31784] Upper reaches of Alazani River at Alvani Village, Left bank tributary of Kura River basin, Georgia [Eurasia]. Without author; authorship attributed to the book author. Original description not seen. Possibly described in an earlier paper -- Coad, 2012, Freshwater Fishes of Iran, online database. •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler 1877) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:308 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:95 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2018:233 [ref. 36249], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:163 [ref. 37983], Freyhof et al. 2021:142 [ref. 38237], Çiçek et al. 2024:68 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus brandtii (Kessler 1877). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

globiceps, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:60, Fig. 36 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Unnamed forest creek tributary to Nam Talan, at about kilometer 60 on road from Oudomxai to Luang Nam Tha, about 3 kilometers south of Ban Nateuy, 20°59'56"N, 101°39'47"E, Louangnamtha Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45343. Paratypes: CMK 14231 (3), LARRI uncat. (1). •Valid as Schistura globiceps Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:107 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Schistura globiceps Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

golubtsovi, Orthrias Prokofiev [A. M.] 2003:727 or 698, Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 43 (no. 6); ref. 27494] Chedi-Tei River, about 60 km wes of Magur-Aksk, Kobdo River drainage, Tuva Republic, Mongolia. Holotype: ZIN 52251. Paratypes: ZIN 52252 (15), 52252/1-4 (5), 52253 ( 1); ZMMGY 20413 (5). •Questionably a synonym of Barbatula compressirostris (Warpachowski 1897) -- (Kottelat 2006:51 [ref. 28831]). •Valid as Orthrias golubtsovi Prokofiev 2003 -- (Prokofiev 2007:68 [ref. 30343]). •Valid as Barbatula golubtsovi (Prokofiev 2003) -- (Cao et al. 2012:236 [ref. 32335], Kottelat 2012:78 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2015:461 [ref. 34065], Prokofiev 2016:396 [ref. 34693], Prokofiev 2018:273 [ref. 35878], Dyldin et al. 2023:[8] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula golubtsovi (Prokofiev 2003). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Chovd River drainage (Mongolia and Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Nemacheilus Day [F.] 1877:798 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876 (pt 4) (art. 2) (for 5 Dec. 1876); ref. 14207] Basgo, on headwaters of the Indus River, Pakistan. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: BMNH 1889.2.1.1726 (1), NMW 48413 (1), ZSI 1469 (1). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:157 [ref. 23762]. •Synonym of Triplophysa microps (Steindachner 1866) -- (Zhu 1989:121 [ref. 17744] as glacilis, Wu & Wu 1992:196 [ref. 21205] as glacilis). •See Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990]. •Valid as Triplophysa gracilis (Day 1877) -- (Menon 1987:202 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:510 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:189 [ref. 24904], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:125 [ref. 32367], Usharamalakshmi et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36315]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa gracilis (Day 1877). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and Kashmir, India. Habitat: freshwater.

grahami, Nemachilus Regan [C. T.] 1906:333 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 17 (no. 99) (art. 43); ref. 15706] Yunnan Fu, China. Syntypes: BMNH 1905.10.28.16-17 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Triplophysa grahami (Regan 1906) -- (Zhu 1989:127 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:194 [ref. 21205], Yang & Chen 1995:28 [ref. 23555], Zhu 1995:119 [ref. 25213], Zhou & Cui 1997:178 [ref. 23279], Chen & Zhang in Chen 1998:82 [ref. 23556], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373], Kottelat 2013:214 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477], Zhang et al. 2019:385 [ref. 36699]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa grahami (Regan 1906). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

greenei, Schistura Endruweit [M.] 2017:395, Figs. 1, 2 [Zootaxa 4243 (no. 2); ref. 35191] Nanbanhe River, Nangunhe River drainage, upper Salween, Cangyuan City, Lincang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, 23°18.543'N, 98°57.322'E, elevation 1056 meters. Holotype: KIZ 2014006034. Paratypes: KIZ, ZFMK-ICH. •Valid as Schistura greenei Endruweit 2017. Current status: Valid as Schistura greenei Endruweit 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nangunhe River drainage, upper Salween basin, Yunnan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

griffithii, Nemachilus Günther [A.] 1868:360 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Correct: Arghandab, near Kandahr, Afghanistan. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.3.19.93-94 (2). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus griffithii Günther 1868 -- (Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus griffithi, Coad 1995:21, 22 [ref. 23608] as Noemacheilus griffithi). •Valid as Triplophysa griffithii (Günther 1868) -- (Menon 1987:204 [ref. 14149] as griffithi, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:511 [ref. 20764] as griffithi, Nalbant & Bianco 1998:116 [ref. 23810] as griffithi, Prokofiev 2001:195 [ref. 26613] as griffithi, Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:15 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa griffithii (Günther 1868). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Arghandab River (Afghanistan and Pakistan). Habitat: freshwater.

grummorum, Hedinichthys Prokofiev [A. M.] 2010:897, Figs. 26-28, 30, 32-33 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 50 (no. 10); ref. 31096] Oasis Lemjin, Xingjiang-Uyghurs Autonomous Region, China. Holotype: ZIN 9237. Paratypes: ZIN 9237a (8). •Valid as Hedinichthys grummorum Prokofiev 2010 -- (Kottelat 2012:82 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Hedinichthys grummorum Prokofiev 2010. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

guananensis, Oreonectes Yang [Q.], Wei [M.-L.], Lan [J.-H.] & Yang [Q.] 2011:272, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Guangxi Normal University 2011 (no. 1); ref. 31464] Cave in Guan'an village, Changmei town, Huanjiang County, Guangxi Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 2010003067. Paratypes: GXIF 100060021, 24, 27, 28b (4); KIZ 2010003068-72 (5). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Oreonectes guananensis Yang, Wei, Lan & Yang 2011 -- (Tang et al. 2012:489 [ref. 31595], Kottelat 2012:346 [ref. 32232], Kottelat 2012:94 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:97 [ref. 32910], Zhang et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34477], Deng et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34511], Deng et al. 2016:59 [ref. 34936], Huang et al. 2019:118 [ref. 37137], Yu et al. 2023:94 [ref. 40492], Luo et al. 2024:294 [ref. 40971], Lan et al. 2024:14 [ref. 41513], Zhong et al. 2024:1266 [ref. 41544]). Current status: Valid as Oreonectes guananensis Yang, Wei, Lan & Yang 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave systems in Huanjiang County, Guangxi Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

guanheensis, Homatula Zhou [C.-J.], Ma [W.-W.], Wang [X.], Tang [Y.-T.], Meng [X.-L.] & Nie [G.-X.] 2021:5, Fig. 1 [Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e65130; ref. 38386] Guanhe River, tributary of Hanjiang River, Yangtze River basin, Xixia County, Henan Province, China, 33°52'79.3"N, 111°70'94"E. Holotype: HNU 010048. Paratypes: HNU 010049-56 (8). •Valid as Homatula guanheensis Zhou, Ma, Wang, Tang, Meng & Nie 2021 -- (Min et al. 2022:112 [ref. 39113]). Current status: Valid as Homatula guanheensis Zhou, Ma, Wang, Tang, Meng & Nie 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Hanjiang River drainage, Yangtze River basin, Henan and Shanxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

guentheri, Nemacheilus Day [F.] 1867:285 [5] [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867 (pt 2) (art. 5); ref. 14043] Rapids on the slopes of the Neilgherry hills, India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.7488 (1); BMNH 1867.7.24.28 (1); NMW 48412 (1); RMNH 2666 (1); ZSI 2578 (1), A.959 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:157 [ref. 23762]. On p. 5 of separate. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Valid as Nemacheilus guentheri Day 1867 -- (Menon 1987:161 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:482 [ref. 20764], Arun et al. 1996:103 [ref. 24725] as Noemacheilus, Zacharias & Minimol 1999:289 [ref. 24212] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1999:184 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Raju Thomas et al. 2000:444 [ref. 25319] as Noemacheilus, Yadav 2000:41 [ref. 25661], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2005:77 [ref. 28530], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172]). •Valid as Mesonoemacheilus guentheri (Day 1867) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:447 [ref. 23187], Rema Devi & Indra 2002:334 [ref. 26591], Shaji 2002:219 [ref. 27556], Kottelat 2012:88 [ref. 32367], Anoop et al. 2017:126 [ref. 35652], Bleher 2018:140 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus guentheri (Day 1867). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nilgiri Hills, southern India. Habitat: freshwater.

guilinensis, Oreonectes Huang [J.-Q.], Yang [J.], Wu [Z.-Q.] & Zhao [Y.-H.] 2019:112, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 96 (no. 1); ref. 37137] Tributary of Lijiang River, Pearl River basin, Xingping, Yangshuo County, Guilin City, Guangxi, China, 24°53'30.77"N, 110°33'45.62"E. Holotype: ASIZB 208001. Paratypes: ASIZB. •Valid as Oreonectes guilinensis Huang, Yang, Wu & Zhao 2019 -- (Yu et al. 2023:94 [ref. 40492], Luo et al. 2024:294 [ref. 40971], Lan et al. 2024:14 [ref. 41513], Zhong et al. 2024:1265 [ref. 41544]). Current status: Valid as Oreonectes guilinensis Huang, Yang, Wu & Zhao 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave system of the Lijiang River, Pearl River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

guizhouensis, Triplophysa Wu [W.-J.], He [A.-Y.], Yang [J.-X.] & Du [L.-N.] 2018:90, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 93 (no. 1); ref. 35971] Small river in Baijin Village, Baijin County, Huishui City, Guizhou Province, China, 26°59'32"N, 106°48'25"E. Holotype: KIZ 2017000346. Paratypes: KIZ. •Valid as Triplophysa guizhouensis Wu, He, Yang & Du 2018 -- (Chen et al. 2021:189 [ref. 38191], Liu et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39962], Luo et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40607], Lan et al. 2024:257 [ref. 41619]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa guizhouensis Wu, He, Yang & Du 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Mengjiang River drainage, Pearl River basin, Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

gundriseri, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2002:S47 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 42 (suppl. 1); ref. 27462] Tes-Khem River, 25 kilometers northwest of Erzin (Tuva Reublic, Russia), 50°27"N, 95°01'E. Neotype: ZISP 52053. Replacement name for Nemacheilus dorsalis humilis Gundriser 1962, preoccupied. Neotype designated for humilis Gundriser by Prokofiev 2002:S49 [ref. 27462]. •Valid as Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev 2002 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:116 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:29 [ref. 28933], Prokofiev 2006:256 [ref. 29061] with subspecies, Prokofiev 2010:907 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2016:203 [ref. 34459], Dyldin et al. 2023:[9] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev 2002. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: northwestern Mongolia; Ubsu Nur Lake basin (Russia). Habitat: freshwater.

gyndes, Oxynoemacheilus Freyhof [J.] & Abdullah [Y. S.] 2017:74, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 4238 (no. 1); ref. 35169] Stream Zalm south of Taparezina, Iraq, 35°18'23"N, 45°58'14"E. Holotype: ZFMK 103019. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus gyndes Freyhof & Abdullah 2017 -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:552 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:168 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2024:76 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus gyndes Freyhof & Abdullah 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: upper Sirwan drainage, Tigris basin, Kurdistan (Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

haarlovi, Noemacheilus lindbergi Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1966:176, Figs. 14-15; Pl. 21 (fig. 6) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn v. 129; ref. 218] Pirzada, west of Kandahar, Helmand drainage, Afghanistan. Holotype: ZMUC P27111 [orig. 2811]. Paratypes: ZMUC P27112-13 [orig. 2812-2813] (2). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:49 [ref. 9588]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus lindbergi Bănărescu & Mirza 1965, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Schistura lingbergi (Bănărescu & Mirza 1965). •Synonym of Paraschistura lindbergi Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966 -- (Kottelat 2012:101 [32367]). •Synonym of Paraschistura kessleri (Günther 1889) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:199 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:102 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Paraschistura kessleri (Günther 1889). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hafezi, Turcinoemacheilus Golzarianpour [K.], Abdoli [A.], Patimar [R.] & Freyhof [J.] 2013:43, Figs. 1-6, 8 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 32802] Stream at Joneqon, tributary of Kohrang River, Iran, 32°05'22"N, 50°39'48"E. Holotype: ZFMK 48841. Paratypes: FSJF, ZFMK. •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus hafezi Golzarianpour, Abdoli, Patimar & Freyhof 2013 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2014:259 [ref. 33241], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:889 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095] as Turcionemacheilus hafezi, Esmaeili et al. 2017:73 [ref. 35254], Prokofiev 2017:255 [ref. 35630], Esmaeili et al. 2018:53 [ref. 36089], Nikmehr et al. 2019:3 [ref. 38360], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:207 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40566], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40707], Freyhof & Jouladeh-Roudbar 2024:179 [ref. 40751], Çiçek et al. 2024:110 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus hafezi Golzarianpour, Abdoli, Patimar & Freyhof 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Karoun and Dez River drainages, Tigris River basin (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

hagiangensis, Paracobitis Nguyen [V. H.] 2006:565, Fig. 12 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Lô River, Hà Giang, Vietnam. Holotype: NCNTTS I, Bac Ninh (lost). Paratypes: (1) lost. Types at RIA 1 [= NCNTTSI] are lost according to Endruweit 2014:144, 152 [ref. 33205]. •Questionably valid as Schistura hagiangensis (Nguyen 2006) -- (Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:190 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Schistura caudofurca (Mai 1978) -- (Endruweit 2014:153 [ref. 33205]). Current status: Synonym of Schistura caudofurca (Mai 1978). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hagiangensis, Sinogastromyzon Nguyen [V. H.] 2006:608, Fig. 37 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Town of Hà Giang, Hà Giang Province, lo River, Vietnam. Holotype: NCNTTS I. Paratypes: (2). •Questionably valid as Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen 2006 -- (Kottelat 2012:55 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Uncertain as Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen 2006. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Hà Giang Province (Vietnam) (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

hamwii, Nemacheilus Krupp [F.] & Schneider [W.] 1991:24, Figs. 1-5 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 71 (nos 1/3); ref. 18977] Nahr Afrin in Afrin, Syria, 36°31'N, 36°52'E. Holotype: SMF 17398. Paratypes: SMF 23463-65 (22, 2, 5), 23468 (11), plus non-type material. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hamwii (Krupp & Schneider 1991) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:43, 47 [ref. 33140], Çiçek et al. 2016:116 [ref. 35152], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35254], Bayçelebi 2020:758 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Kaya et al. 2020:289 [ref. 37622], Freyhof & Geiger 2021:580 [ref. 38072], Çiçek et al. 2023:349 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:76 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hamwii (Krupp & Schneider 1991). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Syria and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

hanae, Oxynoemacheilus Freyhof [J.] & Abdullah [Y. S.] 2017:79, Figs. 6-10 [Zootaxa 4238 (no. 1); ref. 35169] Stream Zalm south of Taparezina, Iraq, 35°18'23"N, 45°58'14"E. Holotype: ZFMK 103020. Paratypes: FSJF. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hanae Freyhof & Abdullah 2017 -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:63 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:552 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:169 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2024:77 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hanae Freyhof & Abdullah 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: upper Sirwan drainage, Tigris basin, Kurdistan (Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

harkishorei, Physoschistura Das [D. N.] & Darshan [A.] 2017:404, Figs. 1-6, 9a,b [Zootaxa 4337 (no. 3); ref. 35638] Dibang River, Brahmaputra basin, Lower Dibang Valley district, Arunachal Pradesh state, India, 28°09'59"N, 95°43'55"E. Holotype: RGUMF 290. Paratypes: RGUMF. •Valid as Physoschistura harkishorei Das & Darshan 2017 -- (Bleher 2018:201 [ref. 36647]). •Valid as Mustura harkishorei (Das & Darshan 2017) -- (Kottelat 2018:292 [ref. 36206], Rameshori et al. 2022:292 [ref. 39209]). •Synonym of 'Nemacheilus' corica (Hamilton 1822) -- (Choudhury et al. 2021:10 [ref. 38288]). Current status: Valid as Mustura harkishorei (Das & Darshan 2017). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Dibang and Lohit River drainages, Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

harnaiensis, Noemacheilus Mirza [M. R.] & Nalbant [T. T.] in Mirza, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1969:89, Pl. 2 (figs. 4-6) [Pakistan Journal of Zoology v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 7836] Harnai, Kaman-Beji River drainage, Baluchistan, Pakistan. Holotype: IBTS 2006. Paratypes: IBTS 1365 (now 4 or 3), 2231 (now 5 or 4); ZMA 114460 (1); ZMH 5965 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:31 [ref. 19236], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:413 [ref. 21161]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus baluchiorum (Zugmayer 1912) -- (Menon 1987:65 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:471 [ref. 20764]). •Synonym of Schistura baluchiorum (Zugmayer 1912), but at least subspecifically distinct -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:441 [ref. 23187] as balachiorum). •Valid as Schistura harnaiensis (Mirza & Nalbant 1969) -- (Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Schistura harnaiensis (Mirza & Nalbant 1969). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

hartli, Schistura Dvořák [T.], Bohlen [J.], Kottelat [M.] & Šlechtová [V.] 2023:11, Figs. 3F, 5B [Scientific Reports v. 13: 16996; ref. 40537] Small stream in Khao Sok NP, Surat Thani Province, Thailand, around 8°57'N, 98°36'E. Holotype: ZRC 61581. Paratype: CMK 28810 (1). •Valid as Schistura hartli Dvořák, Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2023. Current status: Valid as Schistura hartli Dvořák, Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Khao Sok NP, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

hazaraensis, Noemacheilus griffithi Omer [T.] & Mirza [M. R.] 1975:203, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [Biologia (Lahore) v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 7454] Ilyasi Masjid springs, Hazara District, Pakistan. Holotype: GCM F 12. Paratypes: (7) ZMA 115953 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:31 [ref. 19236]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Triplophysa hazaraensis (Omer & Mirza 1975) -- (Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:16 [ref. 27265]). •Synonym of Triplophysa griffithii (Günther 1868) -- (Menon 1987:204 [ref. 14149] as griffithi, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:511 [ref. 20764] as griffithi, Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa griffithii (Günther 1868). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

hazarensis, Oxynoemacheilus Freyhof [J.] & Özuluğ [M.] 2017:379, Figs. 1-6 [Zootaxa 4247 (no. 4); ref. 35216] North-eastern shore of Lake Hazar, Elazığ province, Turkey, 38°28.398'N, 39°18.093'E. Holotype: IUSHM 2017-1171. Paratypes: FSJF, IUSHM. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hazarensis Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017 -- (Freyhof et al. 2017:552 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Çiçek et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2019:37 [ref. 36739], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:349 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:77 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus hazarensis Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Hazar basin endemic, upper Tigris basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

hechiensis, Troglonectes Zhao [L.-X.], Liu [J.-H.], Du [L.-N.] & Luo [F.-G.] 2021:424, Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 42 (no. 4); ref. 38385] Xiaohuanjiang River, tributary of Longjiang River, Tongjin Village, Hechi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, 24.7341°N, 107.9956°E. Holotype: KIZ 2021000001. Paratypes: KIZ 2021000002-6 (5). •Valid as Troglonectes hechiensis Zhao, Liu, Du & Luo 2021-- (Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes hechiensis Zhao, Liu, Du & Luo 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Longjiang River drainage, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

herrei, Mesonoemacheilus Nalbant [T. T.] & Bănărescu [P. M.] in Singh, Sen, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1982:203, Figs. 1-6 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 23 (for 1981); ref. 4030] Valparai, Anamallai Hills, Kerala State, India. Holotype: CAS-SU 41307. Paratypes: (24) CAS-SU 68346-47 (1, 17), ISBB 2983, BMNH 1977.7.5.1 (1), USNM 227404 (1), ZSI Uncat. •Synonym of Nemacheilus guentheri Day 1867 -- (Menon 1987:161 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:482 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:184 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Mesonoemacheilus guentheri (Day 1867) -- (Shaji 2002:219 [ref. 27556] with question). •Valid as Mesonoemacheilus herrei Nalbant & Bănărescu 1982 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:447 [ref. 23187], Rema Devi & Indra 2002:334 [ref. 26591], Kottelat 2012:88 [ref. 32367], Anoop et al. 2017:126 [ref. 35652], Bleher 2018:142 [ref. 36647]). Current status: Valid as Mesonoemacheilus herrei Nalbant & Bănărescu 1982. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Ghats, Kerala, southern India. Habitat: freshwater.

herzensteini, Diplophysa labiata Berg [L. S.] 1909:10 [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 14; ref. 14362] Charyn [Tscharyn] River, tributary of the Ili River, Kazakhstan. Lectotype: ZIN 14530. Paralectotypes: ZIN 14530 (9). Lectotype selected by Prokofiev 2004:191 [ref. 27939]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus labiatus (Kessler 1874) -- (Berg 1949:858 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Valid as Labiatophysa hersensteini (Berg 1909) -- (Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). •Valid as Triplophysa herzensteini (Berg 1909) -- (Prokofiev 2004:191 [ref. 27939], Prokofiev 2006:Engl. 580 [ref. 28811], Prokofiev 2006:255 [ref. 29061], Cao & Zhang 2008:40 [ref. 29966]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa herzensteini (Berg 1909). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tscharyn River, Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

heterognathos, Schistura Chen [Y.-F.] 1999:301, Figs. 1-4 [Zoological Research v. 20 (no. 4); ref. 24925] Nanla River, Mekong River system, Nazhao, 21°40'55'N, 101°35'20"E, about 25 kilometers from Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: IHASW 8810240. Paratypes: IHASW 8810241-42 (1, 1), 8810150-53 (1, 1, 1, 1). •Valid as Sectoria heterognathos (Chen 1999) -- (Kottelat 2001:119 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:120 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Schistura heterognathos Chen 1999 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34477], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Sectoria heterognathos (Chen 1999). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: upper Mekong River system (Yunnan/China). Habitat: freshwater.

hexiensis, Nemachilus dorsonotatus Zhao [T.-Q.] & Wang [X.-T.] 1988:113 [English p. 119], Fig. 2 [Journal of Lanzhou University Natural Science v. 24 (no. 4); ref. 17739] Ruoshui River and Shiyang River, China. Syntypes: (28, 27 listed) Dept. Biol., Lanzhou Univ. 77-0940? (1), 0946 (1), 0953 (1), 0955 (1), 80-0344 (1), 0357 (1), 0362 (1), 0373 (1), 0375 (1), 0383 (1), 0386 (1), 0390 (1), 0394 (1), 0406 (1), 0420 (1), 0435 (1), 0461 (1), 0468 (1), 0563 (1), 0803 (1), 1192-95 (4), 1197-98 (2), 1135 (1). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stoliczkae (Steindachner 1866) subspecies retropinnis (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2006:257 [ref. 29061]). •Questionably a synonym of Triplophysa stolickai (Steindachner 1866) -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990] as stoliczkae). •Possible synonym of Triplophysa rossoperegrinatorum Prokofiev 2001 -- (Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096]). •Valid as Triplophysa hexiensis (Zhao & Wang 1988) -- (Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613] as texiensis, Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa hexiensis (Zhao & Wang 1988). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Ruoshui River and Shiyang River drainages, northern China. Habitat: freshwater.

heyangensis, Triplophysa Zhu [S.-Q.] 1992:244 [247], Figs. 7-10 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 21064] A stream of the Huanghe River near Hanshutaucun Village, 35°11'N, 110°05'E, Heyangxian County, Shaanxi Province, China. Holotype: NIGLAS 820027. Paratypes: NIGLIS 820028-31 (4). English description on p. 247. •Valid as Triplophysa heyangensis Zhu 1992 -- (Zhu 1995:114 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa heyangensis Zhu 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

hialmari, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2001:198, Figs. 7-12 [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 26613] Ba-tshu [Ba Qu?] River, tributary of Blue River [= Chang Jiang] (near Yushu), Qinghai, northwestern China (ca. 33°N, 92°E). Holotype: ZIN 26245. Paratypes: ZIN 26245a (1). •Valid as Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev 2001 -- (Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367], Wu et al. 2016:295 [ref. 34665]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stenura (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Guo 2021:599 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa hialmari Prokofiev 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

hijumensis, Paracanthocobitis Rime [G.], Tamang [L.] & Das [D. N.] 2022:123, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 5115 (no. 1); ref. 39078] Hijum River, an eastward-flowing tributary of the Siang River, at Pidi Rime village, West Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 28°06'11"N, 94°40'34"E, elevation 441 meters. Holotype: RGUMF 0567. Paratypes: RGUMF 0568 (9), ZSI/APRC P-1896 (3). •Valid as Paracanthocobitis hijumensis Rime, Tamang & Das 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthocobitis hijumensis Rime, Tamang & Das 2022. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southern Asia: Hijum River drainage, Siang River subbasin, upper Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

himachalensis, Noemacheilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1987:76, Pl. 16 (fig. 2) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, India. Holotype: SRS/ZSI F566. Paratypes: SRS/ZSI F567 (2). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Spelled hemachalensis on plate caption, index (2 times), and table of contents; himachalensis on text pages 41 and 76 (4 times). The spelling himachalensis is used here to correspond with the type locality of the species: Himachal Pradesh. See Das 2003:366 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus himachalensis Menon 1987 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:483 [ref. 20764], Karmakar 2000:31 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura himachalensis (Menon 1987) -- (Shrestha 2008:131 [ref. 29923], Conway et al. 2011:1747 [ref. 31594], Lokeshwor et al. 2012:262 [ref. 32337], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Schistura himachalensis (Menon 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Nepal and India. Habitat: freshwater.

himalaya, Turcinoemacheilus Conway [K. W.], Edds [D. R.], Shrestha [J.] & Mayden [R. L.] 2011:1748, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 79 (no. 7); ref. 31594] Indrawati River at Melamchi Township, 27°49'42.5"N, 85°34'37.1"E, Sindhypalchok District, Bagmati Zone, Nepal. Holotype: KU 40558. Paratypes: KU 40278 (1), 40279 (1), 40280 (2, c&s), 40281 (4), 40282 (1), 40557 (14, 2 c&s), 40568 (11, 1 c&s); OSUS 15621 (4), 15908 (4), 16314 (26), 16325 (7), 16744 (25), 17197 (32). •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus himalaya Conway, Edds, Shrestha & Mayden 2011 -- (Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Golzarianpour et al. 2013:47 [ref. 32802], Prokofiev 2017:255 [ref. 35630]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus himalaya Conway, Edds, Shrestha & Mayden 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Koshi and Gandaki River basins, Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

hingi, Homaloptera Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1934:287 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 13 (no. 2); ref. 10988] A mountain torrent at Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, elevation about 1000 feet. Holotype: CAS-SU 29086. Paratypes: (40) FMNH 46927 (4), Hong Kong Univ. (1 or more), Lingnan Nat. Hist. Surv. and Museum (1 or more), FESC (now at PRFRI) (1 or more), CAS-SU 16112 (22). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:47 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Barbatula hingi (Herre 1934) -- (Mai 1978:235 [ref. 13511]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus fasciolatus (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Zhu & Cao 1987:327 [ref. 14139] with genus as Noemacheilus, Ye in Pan et al. 1991:242 [ref. 23876]). •Synonym of Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Zhu 1989:47 [ref. 17744]). •Valid as Schistura hingi (Herre 1934) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Freyhof & Serov 2001:153 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:206 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:154 [ref. 33205], Endruweit 2017:149 [ref. 35362], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841], Cao & Zhang 2018:134 [ref. 36108]). Current status: Valid as Schistura hingi (Herre 1934). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Jinxiu, Guangxi, China and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

hiranyakeshi, Schistura Praveenraj [J.], Thackeray [T.] & Balasubramanian [S.] 2020:50, Figs. 1-3 [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 37848] Temple pond fed by a natural spring from a laterite cave system, origin of the Hiranyakeshi River, Sindhudurg district, Amboli, Maharashtra, India, 15°57'18"N, 74°01'40"E, elevation 840 meters. Holotype: BNHS FWF 1049. Paratypes: BNHS FWF 1050-1052 (3), JPC-66-67 (2) •Valid as Schistura hiranyakeshi Praveenraj, Thackeray & Balasubramanian 2020. Current status: Valid as Schistura hiranyakeshi Praveenraj, Thackeray & Balasubramanian 2020. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hiranyakeshi River drainage, Maharashtra, India. Habitat: freshwater.

hircanica, Paracobitis Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Eagderi [S.], Patimar [R.] & Freyhof [J.] 2015:340, Figs. 2-6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 4); ref. 33774] Golestan province, Zarrin-Gol stream, a tributary of Gordan River, 36°50'39"N, 54°58'24"E, Iran. Holotype: ZM-CBSU J3246. Paratypes: FSJF, GUIC, TUIC, ZM-CBSU. •Valid as Paracobitis hircanica Mousavi-Sabet, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili, Eagderi, Patimar & Freyhof 2015 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:885 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:68 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:48 [ref. 36089], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2019:386 [ref. 36466], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:182 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:94 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paracobitis hircanica Mousavi-Sabet, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili, Eagderi, Patimar & Freyhof 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: southern Caspian Sea basin (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

hispanica, Nemacheilus barbatulus Lelek [A.] 1987:256 [The freshwater fishes of Europe. Threatened fishes of Europe v. 9; ref. 22962] Nervion River at Durango and Tajo River, Spain. Syntypes: MGAB (11). Available by reference to infrasubspecific hispanica Bǎcescu-Meşter 1967, with Bǎcescu-Meşter specimens becoming the types. •Synonym of Nemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:256 [ref. 22962] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Barbatula quignardi (Băcescu-Meşter1967) -- (Gauliard et al. 2019:176 [ref. 36787]). •Valid as Barbatula hispanica (Lelek 1987) -- (Denys et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38347]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula hispanica (Lelek 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Ebro drainage and Cantabria (Spain); Adour drainage (southwestern France). Habitat: freshwater.

hispanica, Nemacheilus barbatulus forma Băcescu-Meşter [L.] 1967:369 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 7; ref. 7940] Not available, infrasubspecific (forma after 1960); from Nervion R. at Durango and Tajo River, Spain. See Nemacheilus barbatulus hispanica Lelek 1987. •In the synonymy of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:93 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2012:79 [ref. 32367]). •In the synonymy of Barbatula quignardi (Băcescu-Meşter 1967) -- (Gauliard et al. 2019:176 [ref. 36787]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Barbatula quignardi (Băcescu-Meşter 1967). Nemacheilidae.

hoai, Oreias Nguyen [V. H.] 2006:568, Fig. 14 [Freshwater fishes of Vietnam v. 2; ref. 29730] Creek Nâm Ngam, Núa Ngam, Dien Bien, Vietnam. Holotype (unique): NCNTTS I (lost). See account of genus Oreias for name change to Claea. Type lost -- Endruweit 2014:152 [ref. 33205]. •Valid as Claea hoai (Nguyen 2006) -- (Nguyen et al. 2010:50 [ref. 32127]). •Valid as Schistura hoai (Nguyen 2006) -- (Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989] with question, Endruweit 2014:152 [ref. 33205], Taki et al. 2021:215 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura hoai (Nguyen 2006). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Dien Bien Province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

hoffmanni, Lefua Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1932:429 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 10975] Kwangtung Province, China. Holotype: CAS-SU 25727. Paratypes: (11) CAS-SU 25728-30 (1, 1, 1), 68899 (3); BMNH 1933.3.11.859 (1); UMMZ 100623 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:40 [ref. 12291], Ito 2024:520 [ref. 41143]. Generic assignment uncertain. •Valid as Lefua hoffmanni Herre 1932 -- (Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). •Synonym of Oreonectes platycephalus Günther 1868 -- (Zheng et al. 1989:46 [ref. 21202], Ito 2024:525 [ref. 41143]). Current status: Synonym of Oreonectes platycephalus Günther 1868. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

horai, Nemachilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1952:227, Pl. 7 (figs. 1-3) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 49 (pt 2, June 1951); ref. 12708] Bener Khand, south of Kangra, Kangra Valley, Punjab, India. Holotype: ZSI F637/2. Paratypes: ZSI F638/2 (8). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:122 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:364 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus horai Menon 1952 -- (Menon 1987:74 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:483 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:172 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Karmakar 2000:31 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura horai (Menon 1952) -- (Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265], Shrestha 2008:132 [ref. 29923], Conway et al. 2011:1747 [ref. 31594], Lokeshwor et al. 2012:262 [ref. 32337], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor et al. 2013:587 [ref. 32764]). Current status: Valid as Schistura horai (Menon 1952). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan, Nepal and India. Habitat: freshwater.

hormuzensis, Paraschistura Freyhof [J.], Sayyadzadeh [G.], Esmaeili [H. R.] & Geiger [M. F.] 2015:28, Figs 29-33 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 1); ref. 33865] Hormozgan Province, Rudan River at Abnama bridge, a tributary of Minab River, 27°28'24"N, 57°15'14"E, Iran. Holotype: ZM-CBSU J3168. Paratypes: FSJF 2217 (40), ZM-CBSU J3169 (77). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paraschistura hormuzensis Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger 2015 -- (Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015:299 [ref. 34027], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:888 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:51 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:582 [ref. 36833], Eagderi et al. 2019:266 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:195 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:100 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura hormuzensis Freyhof, Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Geiger 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Makran River basin (Hormozgan Province, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

hsutschouensis, Nemacheilus Rendahl [H.] 1933:41 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 25 A (pt. 2) (no. 11); ref. 3704] Hsutschou, Etsin Gol [Kansu], trib of Ruo Shui River, China. Syntypes: NRM 10206 (1), 12339 (7). •Synonym of Triplophysa robusta (Kessler 1876) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:190 [ref. 21205]). •Valid as Triplophysa hsutschouensis (Rendahl 1933) -- (Zhu 1989:104 [ref. 17744], Zhu 1995:117 [ref. 25213], Chen et al. 2004:507 [ref. 28065], Prokofiev 2007:8 [ref. 28990], Prokofiev 2010:895 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367], Li et al. 2015:423 [ref. 33642], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa hsutschouensis (Rendahl 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Shiyang, Hei and Shule River drainages, upper Yellow River system, Hexi Corridor, Gansu, China. Habitat: freshwater.

huanglongensis, Triplophysa Gao [?] in Anonymous 1992:83, Fig. 3-87 [ ref. 32436] Shaanxi, Huang Long County, Baima village, upper reaches of Ju He, China. Holotype: Fisheries Institute of Shaanx Province. •Valid as Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao 1992 -- (Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa huanglongensis Gao 1992. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

huanjiangensis, Triplophysa Yang [J.], Wu [T.-J.] & Lan [J.-H.] 2011:567, Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 32 (no. 5); ref. 31447] 25°06'02.6"N, 108°00'01"E, Huanjiang County, Guangxi, China. Holotype: GIF 07040316. Paratypes: GIF 07040314 (1), 07040319 (1); GTEU, 07040308 (1), 07040311 (1). •Valid as Triplophysa huanjiangensis Yang, Wu & Lan 2011 -- (Zheng et al. 2012:835 [ref. 31820], Wu et al. 2012:879 [ref. 32311], Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367], Yang in Lan et al. 2013:257 [ref. 32910], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477], Liu et al. 2017:843 [ref. 35125], Li et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35551], Wu et al. 2018:73 [ref. 35850], Wu et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35971], Chen & Peng 2019:381 [ref. 36537], Huang et al. 2019:334 [ref. 36689], Chen et al. 2021:189 [ref. 38191]). •Valid as Troglonectes huanjiangensis (Yang, Wu & Lan 2011) -- (Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes huanjiangensis (Yang, Wu & Lan 2011). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

huapingensis, Nemacheilus obscurus Wu [Y.-F.] & Wu [C.-Z.] in Wu & Wu 1992:145 [The fishes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; ref. 21205] Huaping County, Jinshajiang basin, Yunnan Province, China. Syntypes: (3) NAIB. •Synonym of Nemacheilus obscurus (Smith 1945) but a valid subspecies as described -- (Zhang et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Schistura huapingensis (Wu & Wu 1992) -- (Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34477], Guo 2021:501 [ref. 38618]). Current status: Valid as Schistura huapingensis (Wu & Wu 1992). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Yangtze River basin, China. Habitat: freshwater.

huapingensis, Triplophysa Zheng [L.-P.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [X.-Y.] 2012:832, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 80 (no. 4); ref. 31820] Hongshuihe River drainage, Huaping town, Leye County, Guangxi, China. Holotype: KIZ 2008007607. Paratypes: KIZ 2008007606 (1), 2008007608-7610 (3). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:352 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng, Yang & Chen 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:127 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:117 [ref. 32910], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477], Li et al. 2016:[4] [ref. 35021], Liu et al. 2017:843 [ref. 35125], Li et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35551], Wu et al. 2018:73 [ref. 35850], Chen & Peng 2019:381 [ref. 36537], Chen et al. 2021:189 [ref. 38191]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng, Yang & Chen 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hongshuihe River drainage, Upper Pearl River basin, Guangxi, China. Habitat: freshwater.

huidongensis, Triplophysa Xiong [?] & Guo [Y.-S.] in Guo 2021:638 [942-943], Figs. 175.1-16 [Colored atlas of fishes of Sichuan; ref. 38618] Shenyu River, Huidong County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan, China, 26°39'32.22"N, 102°35'31.44"E, elevation 1,683 meters. Holotype: CGYS 201205001. Paratypes: CGYS (20). •Valid as Triplophysa huidongensis Xiong & Guo 2021. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa huidongensis Xiong & Guo 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Shenyu River drainage, upper Yangtze River basin, Sichuan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

humilis, Nemacheilus dorsalis Gundriser [A. N.] 1962:253, Fig. 4 [Ucenye Zapiski, Tomskij Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni Gosudarstvennyj Universitet Imeni V. V. Kujbyseva. [Ученые Записки, Томский Государственный Университет имени В. В. Куйьышева ] No. 44; ref. 27463] Tes-Khem River, 25 kilometers northwest of Erzin (Tuva Republic, Russia), 50°27"N, 95°01'E. Neotype: ZISP 52053. Neotype designated by Prokofiev 2002:S49 [ref. 27462]. Preoccupied, replaced by Nemacheilus gundriseri Prokofiev 2002. •In the synonymy of Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev 2002 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:116 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:55 [ref. 28831], Prokofiev 2006:256 [ref. 29061], Kottelat 2012:126 [ref. 32367]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa gundriseri Prokofiev 2002. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

humilis, Nemachilus Lin [S.-Y.] 1932:515 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 2781] Yunkiang, Kweichow, China. Holotype: SYSU K107. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Schistura humilis (Lin 1932) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus fasciolatus (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Zhu & Cao 1987:327 [ref. 14139] with genus as Noemacheilus, Zhu 1989:47 [ref. 17744]), •Synonym of Schistura fasciolatus (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Kottelat 2012:109 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Schistura fasciolata (Nichols & Pope 1927). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China (if valid). Habitat: freshwater.

huongensis, Schistura Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.] 2001:155, Figs. 24-26 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Khe Vinh An at Nam Dong village, about 40 kilometers south of Hue, 16°11.58'N, 107°43.76'E, Thua Thien Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 26810. Paratypes: CMK 16014 (4); ZFMK 26670-72 (3), 26811-26826 (16), 26827-26848 (22), 38460-78 (19). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:112 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Schistura huongensis Freyhof & Serov 2001 -- (Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841]). Current status: Valid as Schistura huongensis Freyhof & Serov 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Thua Thien province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

hutchinsoni, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1936:314, Pl. 12 (figs. 1-2); Figs. 6-7 [Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences v. 10 (art. 17); ref. 10431] West of Mugleb; pond between Durbuk and Tangtse; Tsar Tso; Pool isolated from river at Lukung, Kashmir, India. Syntypes: ZSI F 12201/1 (1), F 12202/1 (3), F 12203/1 (1). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:122 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:364 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Noemacheilus hutchinsoni Hora 1936 -- (Tilak 1990:144 [ref. 23720]). •Synonym of Triplophysa stewarti (Hora 1922) -- (Zhu 1989:98 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:168 [ref. 21205]). •Synonym of Triplophysa yasinensis (Alcock 1898) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:515 [ref. 20764], Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990]). •See Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096]. •Synonym of Indotriplophysa yasinensis (Alcock 1898) -- (Kottelat 2012:86 [ref. 32367] with question). Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa yasinensis (Alcock 1898). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

hutjertjuensis, Nemacheilus (Triplophysa) Rendahl [H.] 1933:28 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 25 A (pt. 2) (no. 11); ref. 3704] Hutjertju Gol, Mongolia. Syntypes: (12) NRM 10202 (orig. 12, now 10), MNHN 1933-0118 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:98-99 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Noemacheilus hutjertjuensis (Rendahl 1933) -- (Tilak 1990:144 [ref. 23720] as hutjertjuonsis). •Synonym of Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2016:206 [ref. 34459] but a valid subspecies as described, Wang et al. 2024:11 [ref. 40861]). •Valid as Triplophysa hutjertjuensis (Rendahl 1933) -- (Zhu 1989:81 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:171 [ref. 21205], Zhu 1995:114 [ref. 25213], Prokofiev 2002:S47 [ref. 27462], Kottelat 2012:127 [ref. 32367], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa hutjertjuensis (Rendahl 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Central Asia: Inner Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater.

hwanghoensis, Triplophysa orientalis Prokofiev [A. M.] 2016:205, Figs. 1h-j [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 56 (no. 2); ref. 34459] Fl. Chwan-che, upper reaches of the Huang He (Hwang-ho) River, Gomi Province, China. Holotype: ZIN 7232. Paratypes: ZIN. Plus additional non-type material. •Synonym of Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein 1888), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Wang et al. 2024:11 [ref. 40861]). •Not treated in Zhang et al. 2016:142 [ref. 34477]. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa orientalis (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Huang He (Hwang-ho) River drainage, China [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater.

hyalinus, Heminoemacheilus Lan [J.-H.], Yang [J.-X.] & Chen [Y.-R.] 1996:111, Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 17 (no. 2); ref. 23183] Underground stream at Bao'an town, ca. 24°07'N, 107°51'E, Du'an County, Guangxi Province, China. Holotype: KIZ 9409005. Paratypes: KIZ 9409001-004 (4), 9409006 (1). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Heminoemacheilus hyalinus Lan, Yang & Chen 1996 -- (Romero et al. 2009 [ref. 30522], Zhao et al. 2011:1552 [ref. 31493], Kottelat 2012:83 [ref. 32367], Ma & Zhao 2012:110 [ref. 34891], Lan et al. 2013:33 [ref. 32910], Zhu & Zhu 2014:18 [ref. 33692], Zhang et al. 2016:128 [ref. 34477], Du et al. 2021:320 [ref. 38600]). •Valid as Karstsinnectes hyalinus (Lan, Yang & Chen 1996) -- (Luo et al. 2023:696 [ref. 40042], Zhao et al. 2024:112 [ref. 41034], Ge et al. 2024:666 [ref. 41168]). Current status: Valid as Karstsinnectes hyalinus (Lan, Yang & Chen 1996). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: underground stream at Bao'an town, Du'an County, Hongshui River system of Red River system (Guangxi, China). Habitat: freshwater.

hypsiura, Schistura Bohlen [J.], Šlechtová [V.] & Udomritthiruj [K.] 2014:21, Figs. 1-4 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 62; ref. 33197] Rakhine State, Kyeinthali Chaung at Ka La Byin, about 17°56'N, 94°30'E, Myanmar. Holotype: ZRC 53186. Paratypes: CMK 21983 (4), IAPG A4154-58 (5), ZRC 53187 (25, 2 specimens c&s). •Valid as Schistura hypsiura Bohlen, Šlechtová & Udomritthiruj 2014 -- (Bohlen & Šlechtová 2014:221 [ref. 32238]). Current status: Valid as Schistura hypsiura Bohlen, Šlechtová & Udomritthiruj 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

ilamensis, Paraschistura Vatandoust [S.] & Eagderi [S.] 2015:178, Figs. 1-5 [International Journal of Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 33819] Ilam Province, Spring at Siahgav, Tigris River drainage, Iran, 33°51'54"N, 47°42'02"E. Holotype: VMFC PS13-H. Paratypes: VMFC. •Valid as Paraschistura ilamensis Vatandoust & Eagderi 2015 -- (Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015:299 [ref. 34027], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:888 [ref. 34062], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2019:582 [ref. 36833], Eagderi et al. 2019:266 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:196 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:101 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura ilamensis Vatandoust & Eagderi 2015. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Tigris River basin (Ilam and Khuzestan, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

ilan, Nemachilus amudarjensis Turdakov [F. A.] 1936:210 [Trudy Uzbekskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta v. 7; ref. 21172] Kara-Darya River, tributary of Zeravshan River, below Samarkand near kishlak Dagbit, Samarkandskaya Obl., Uzbekistan. Lectotype: ZISP 30501. Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:25 [ref. 25714]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Prokofiev 2001:212 [ref. 26612] lists a holotype as ZISP 30501, but that is incorrect -- see Prokofiev 2009:891 [ref. 30604]. Prokofiev 2009:891, footnote, indicates that ZIN 30501 should be considered the lectotype. •Valid as Dzihunia ilan (Turdakov 1936) -- (Prokofiev 2001:212 [ref. 26612], Prokofiev 2003:57 [ref. 28098], Prokofiev 2009:891 [ref. 30604], Prokofiev 2017:266 [ref. 35630], Sheraliev & Kayumova 2022:36 [ref. 39437], Sheraliev & Kayumova 2024:191 [ref. 41652]). Current status: Valid as Dzihunia ilan (Turdakov 1936). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northern-central Asia: Zeravshan River drainage, Uzbekistan. Habitat: freshwater.

imitator, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:61, Fig. 37 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Xe Namnoy, rapids about 1 kilometer upriver of Tad Feak waterfall, 15°14'09"N, 106°44'55"E, Xekong Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45344. Paratypes: CMK 15704 (3), 15777 (1), 15841 (5); LARRI uncat. (2); NRM 44893 (2); ZRC 45345 (2). •Valid as Schistura imitator Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:107 [ref. 25780], Ou et al. 2011:199 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Taki et al. 2021:211 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura imitator Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, southern Laos and Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

implicata, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:62, Fig. 38 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Poun at confluence with Nam Xang, downstream of Ban San, 20°19'25"N, 104°31'36"E, Houaphan Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45346. Paratypes: CMK 15460 (17), LARRI uncat. (5), NRM 44913 (5), ZRC 45347 (5). •Valid as Schistura implicata Kottelat 2000 -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:158 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2001:107 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841]). Current status: Valid as Schistura implicata Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Houapan province, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

incerta, Barbatula (Homatula) Nichols [J. T.] 1931:458, Fig. 2 [Lingnan Science Journal, Canton v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 16312] Lung T'au Shaan, Tso Tsz Hoh, Kwangtung, China. Holotype (unique): AMNH 9690 [ex Lingnan Univ. P-80]. •Valid as Barbatula incerta Nichols 1931 -- (Mai 1978:236 [ref. 13511]). •Valid as Nemacheilus incertus (Nichols 1931) -- (Zhu & Cao 1987:327 [ref. 14139] as Noemacheilus, Ye in Pan et al. 1991:244 [ref. 23876], Tang et al. 2001:14 [ref. 25373] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Nemacheilus fasciolatus (Nichols & Pope 1927) -- (Zheng et al. 1989:50 [ref. 21202] as inserta). •Valid as Schistura incerta (Nichols 1931) -- (Zhu 1989:42 [ref. 17744], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Zhu 1995:109 [ref. 25213], Liao et al. 1997:4 [ref. 28159], Kottelat 2001:48 [ref. 25482], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34477], Endruweit 2017:149 [ref. 35362], Cao & Zhang 2018:134 [ref. 36108]). Current status: Valid as Schistura incerta (Nichols 1931). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Yangtze River and Pearl River basins, China. Habitat: freshwater.

incipiens, Nemachilus bombifrons Herzenstein [S. M.] 1888:73 [Zoologischer Theil, St. Petersburg v. 3 (2 abt.) (1); ref. 2147] Dol and Sampula, Karienses Mts., China. Lectotype: ZIN 7365/1. Paralectotypes: ZIN 7362 (5), 7365 (now 5). Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Lectotype selected by Prokofiev 2002:470 [ref. 26268]. •Valid as Triplophysa incipiens (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Prokofiev 2002:470 [ref. 26268], Prokofiev 2006:255 [ref. 29061], Li et al. 2007:47 [ref. 29309], Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096]). •Valid as Tarimichthys incipiens (Herzenstein 1888) -- (Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa incipiens (Herzenstein 1888). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Northern slopes of Karakurum Mountains, China. Habitat: freshwater.

indawgyiana, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2017:2, Figs. 1-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 28 (no. 1); ref. 35482] Unnamed creek entering Nam Mun Chaung (stream) from west, about 5.5 km upstream of Nam Mun (village), Lake Indawgyi basin, Kachin State, Myanmar, 24°57'31"N, 96°20'01"E, elevation 254 meters. Holotype: MNNG 2760.092. Paratypes: CMK. •Valid as Schistura indawgyiana Kottelat 2017 -- (Choudhury et al. 2019:190 [ref. 37121], Chen et al. 2020:100 [ref. 38014]). Current status: Valid as Schistura indawgyiana Kottelat 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lake Indawgyi basin, Kachin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

inexpectatus, Turcinoemacheilus Freyhof [J.] & Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.] 2024:173, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 5399 (no. 2); ref. 40751] Stream Kuna Massi in Sevanja, Lesser Zab drainage, Iraq, 35.78880, 45.40298. Holotype: ZFMK ICH 98400. Paratypes: AJRPC, FSJF, MZLU, ZFMK. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus inexpectatus Freyhof & Jouladeh-Roudbar 2024 -- (Çiçek et al. 2024:110 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus inexpectatus Freyhof & Jouladeh-Roudbar 2024. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Greater Zab drainage, Iraq, Lesser Zab and Sirvan drainages (Iran and Iraq). Habitat: freshwater.

inglisi, Nemachilus rupecola var. Hora [S. L.] 1935:58, Pl. 3 (figs. 9-10) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 37 (pt 1); ref. 13886] Rivers below Darjiling [Darjeeing] and in Sikkim, eastern Himalayas. Holotype: ZSI F11755/1. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:124 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus rupecola (McClelland 1838), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Shrestha 1978:38 [ref. 15970] as Nemachilus rupicola). •Synonym of Nemacheilus multifasciatus Day 1878 -- (Menon 1987:52 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:490 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:175 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura inglisi Hora 1935 -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Gurung et al. 2013:4483 [ref. 32969]). •Valid as Nemachilus inglisi Hora 1935 -- (Kundu 2000:96 [ref. 25663]). •Synonym of Schistura rupecula McClelland 1838, but a valid subspecies -- (Conway et al. 2011:1747 [ref. 31594]). •Synonym of Schistura repecula McClelland 1828 -- (Kottelat 2012:117 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Synonym of Schistura rupecula McClelland 1838. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India, Bhutan and Nepal. Habitat: freshwater.

insignis, Cobitis Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1087 [97] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Damascus, Syria. Syntypes: NMW (4, not found), SMF 166 [ex NMW] (2, poor condition). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 12 (fig. 3) [ref. 2067]. On p. 97 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Nemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843) -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:380 [ref. 13651], Coad 1991:24 [ref. 15702], Hamidan 2004:389 [ref. 37679], Fricke et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604] with subspecies, Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307, 309 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:37 [ref. 33140], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:349 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:78 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Turkey, Syria, Israel and Jordan. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedia, Diplophysa Kessler [K. F.] 1876:28, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Hu-lun [Dalai-Nor] Lake, China, elevation 4200 feet. Holotype (unique): ZIN 2476. •Synonym of Barbatula barbatula, subspecies nuda (Bleeker 1865) -- (Zhu 1989:29 [ref. 17744]). •Valid as Triplophysa intermedia (Kessler 1876) -- (Prokofiev 2001:194 [ref. 26613], Kottelat 2012:127 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa intermedia (Kessler 1876). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater.

iphipaniensis, Aborichthys Kosygin [L.], Gurumayum [S. D.], Singh [P.] & Chowdhury [B. R.] 2019:70, Fig. 1-3 [Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology v. 39 (no. 2); ref. 36729] Iphipani River at Roing, Lower Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 28°10'44"N, 95°50'08"E, elevation 418 meters. Holotype: ZSI FF 8002. Paratypes: ZSI/V/APRC/P-1659 (3). •Valid as Aborichthys iphipaniensis Kosygin, Gurumayum, Singh & Chowdhury 2019 -- (Shangningam et al. 2019:370 [ref. 37201], Nanda & Tamang 2021:18807 [ref. 38408], Nanda & Tamang 2021:26 [ref. 38712], Singh & Kosygin 2022:[7] [ref. 39743]). Current status: Valid as Aborichthys iphipaniensis Kosygin, Gurumayum, Singh & Chowdhury 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Iphipani River drainage, upper Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Habitat: freshwater.

iranica, Paracobitis Nalbant [T. T.] & Bianco [P. G.] 1998:114, Figs. 13 A-D [Italian Journal of Zoology v. 65, Suppl.; ref. 23810] River Qom near the town of Qom, Iran. Holotype: IZA 7831. Paratypes: ISBB uncat. (4), IZA 7832 (5). •Valid as Paracobitis iranica Nalbant & Bianco 1998 -- (Prokofiev 2009:888 [ref. 30604], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Kottelat 2012:100 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:885 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095]). •Synonym of Paracobitis malapterura (Valenciennes 1846) -- (Freyhof et al. 2014:16 [ref. 33505], Esmaeili et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35254], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:183 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:95 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Paracobitis malapterura (Valenciennes 1846). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

irregularis, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:62, Fig. 39 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Nam Khan at Muang Hian, 20°05'18"N, 103°22'09"E, Xiangkhouang Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45348. Paratypes: CMK 15490 (2). •Valid as Schistura irregularis Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:107 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Schistura irregularis Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

isauricus, Oxynoemacheilus Yoğurtçuoğlu [B.], Kaya [C.], Özuluğ [M.] & Freyhof [J.] 2021:372, Figs. 2-4, 6 [Zootaxa 4975 (no. 2); ref. 38333] Stream Çeltek at Çeltek, south of Şarkikaraağaç, Isparat Province, Turkey, 38.0124N, 31.3152E. Holotype: IUSHM 2021-1425. Paratypes: IUSHM 2021-1463 (3). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus isauricus Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Özuluğ & Freyhof 2021 -- (Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2022:467 [ref. 39236], Çiçek et al. 2023:349 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:79 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus isauricus Yoğurtçuoğlu, Kaya, Özuluğ & Freyhof 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Beyşehir and Suğla basins, Central Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

isostigma, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1998:76, Figs. 114-115 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Nam Leuk, about 1 kilometer downstream of confluence with Nam Ngang, Laos, 18°22'03"N, 103°06'03"E. Holotype: ZRC 41797. Paratypes: CMK 12392 (1); 13275 (6); DFV uncat. (2); NRM 36709 (2); ZRC 41798 (2). •Valid as Schistura isostigma Kottelat 1998 -- (Kottelat 2001:109 [ref. 25780], Ou et al. 2011:199 [ref. 31692], Chen & Neely 2012:226 [ref. 32332], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013:89, 91 [ref. 32798], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Kottelat 2017:705 [ref. 35677], Taki et al. 2021:222 [ref. 39830]). •Possibly in Mustura -- (Kottelat 2018:292 [ref. 36206], Choudhury et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38288]). Current status: Valid as Schistura isostigma Kottelat 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Nam Theun River drainage, Mekong River basin, central Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

ispartensis, Seminemacheilus Erk'akan [F.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Özeren [S. C.] 2007:76, Fig. 7 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 29026] Isparta Creek, Eğirdir-Isparta Road, 1st railway pass, 37°38'N, 30°31'E [not correct], Turkey. Holotype: HUIC AD-1. •Valid as Seminemacheilus ispartensis Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007 -- (Golzarianpour et al. 2011:207 [ref. 31693], Kottelat 2012:121 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:21 [ref. 36267], Sungur et al. 2018:472 [ref. 35977], Çiçek 2020:75 [ref. 37402], Çiçek et al. 2020:246 [ref. 37644], Yoğurtçuoğlu et al. 2020:484 [ref. 37604], Çiçek et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:107 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Seminemacheilus ispartensis Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren 2007. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lakes Eğirdir and Salda basins, Isparta Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

israeliticus, Orthrias Goren [M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] in Bănărescu, Nalbant & Goren 1982:19, Figs. 19-23 [Israel Journal of Zoology v. 31 (nos 1-2); ref. 174] Ein Rewaya, Bet-She'an Valley, Israel, 32°28'N, 35°28'E, Jordan River system. Holotype: TAU 3073 [= SMNHTAU]. Paratypes: ISBB 3670 (1); TAU [= SMNHTAU] 8293-94 (1, 1). •Synonym of Nemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843) -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:380 [ref. 13651]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus israeliticus (Goren & Nalbant 1982) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]), •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:309 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2024:78 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

jaklesii, Cobitis Bleeker [P.] 1852:604 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 334] Pajacombo, Sumatra, Indonesia. Lectotype: RMNH 7055. Paralectotypes: RMNH 8949 (2). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1866.5.2.60 (1). Lectotype selected by Alfred 1961:33 [ref. 20552]. •Mention, status still not clear -- (Tan & Kottelat 2009:52, 56 [ref. 30261]). •Possibly valid, in Nemacheilus -- (Hadiaty & Siebert 2001:186 [ref. 25685], Kottelat 2012:91 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:201 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Nemacheilus jaklesii (Bleeker 1852). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Sumatra, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

jarutanini, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1990:49, Pl. 1 (fig. 1); Figs. 1-2 [Mémoires de Biospéologie v. 17; ref. 16763] Underground stream, Tham Ba Dan, Amphoe Sri Sawat, about 14°02'N, 94°32'E, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Holotype: ZSM 27171 [now ZRC 38479] [ex CMK 5991]. Paratypes: MSNVR 1363 (1), NIFI uncat. (4), CMK 5991 (orig. 16), ZMH 7968 (2) not in original. Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:413 [ref. 21161], Neumann 2011:240 [ref. 31652]. Holotype now at ZRC. •Valid as Schistura jarutanini Kottelat 1990 -- (Romero & Paulson 2001:21 [ref. 26040], Trajano et al. 2002:170 [ref. 26082], Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin 2002:19 [ref. 26523], Proudlove 2006:97 [ref. 28992], Kottelat 2012:341 [ref. 32232], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Schistura jarutanini Kottelat 1990. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

jianchuanensis, Triplophysa Zheng [L.-P.], Du [L.-N.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.] 2010:29, Fig. 1 [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 89 (no. 1); ref. 30841] Jiangkou spring, Lancangjiang River basin, Jianchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, 26°31'22.6"N, 99°57'30.4"E. Holotype: KIZ 2008004424. Paratypes: KIZ 2008004415-23 (9). Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:352 [ref. 32939]. •Valid as Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang 2010 -- (Kottelat 2012:127 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:213 [ref. 32989], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa jianchuanensis Zheng, Du, Chen & Yang 2010. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Lancangjiang [Mekong] River basin, Yunnan Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

jiarongensis, Triplophysa Lin [Y.], Li [C.] & Song [J.-K.] 2012:641, Figs. 1-10 [Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica v. 37 (no. 3); ref. 32193] Shuijingwan Cave, 25°28'N, 108°06'E, Jiarong Town, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. Holotype: SOU 10111801. Paratypes: SOU 10111802 (1), 10111803 (1). •Valid as Triplophysa jiarongensis Lin, Li & Song 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:127 [ref. 32367], Yang in Lan et al. 2013:256 [ref. 32910], Zhang et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34477], Liu et al. 2017:844 [ref. 35125], Li et al. 2018:62 [ref. 36072], Wu et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35971]). •Valid as Oreonectes jiarongensis (Lin, Li & Song 2012) -- (Liu et al. 2019:401 [ref. 36573], Zhou 2019:2 [ref. 36911]). •Valid as Troglonectes jiarongensis (Lin, Li & Song 2012) -- (Huang et al. 2019:117 [ref. 37137], Zhao et al. 2021:423 [ref. 38385], Li et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40200]). •Synonym of Troglonectes elongatus (Tang, Zhao & Zhang 2012) -- (Luo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40042]). Current status: Valid as Troglonectes jiarongensis (Lin, Li & Song 2012). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: cave system of the Liujiang River basin, northern Guizhou Province, China. Habitat: freshwater.

jinchuanensis, Triplophysa Tan [?] & Guo [Y.-S.] in Guo 2021:643 [944-945], Figs. 176.1-15 [Colored atlas of fishes of Sichuan; ref. 38618] Tributary of Dajin River, near Sawajiao Village, Jinchuan County, Sichuan, China, 31°36'52.78"N, 101°59'08.45"E, elevation 2,600 meters. Holotype: CGYS 201206001. Paratypes: CGYS (19). •Valid as Triplophysa jinchuanensis Tan & Guo 2021. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa jinchuanensis Tan & Guo 2021. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Dajin River drainage, upper Yangtze River basin, Sichuan, China. Habitat: freshwater.

jinxiensis, Yunnanilus Zhu [Y.], Du [L.-N.] & Chen [X.-Y.] in Zhu, Du, Chen & Yang 2009:196, Fig. 1 [Zoological Research v. 30 (no. 2); ref. 30145] Ludong village, Pearl River drainage, Jingxi county, Guangxi, China. Holotype: KIZ 0800018 [KIZ 2008008627]. Paratypes: KIZ. Type catalog: Du et al. 2013:351 [ref. 32939]. The original spelling is consistently jinxiensis, but species was from Jingxi county. •Valid as Yunnanilus jinxiensis Zhu, Du & Chen 2009 -- (Zhao et al. 2011:1553 [ref. 31493] as jingxiensis, Kottelat 2012:135 [ref. 32367], Lan et al. 2013:47 [ref. 32910], Zhang et al. 2016:149 [ref. 34477] with authorship as Zhu, Du, Chen & Yang, Du et al. 2018:143 [ref. 36374]). •Valid as Paranemachilus jinxiensis (Zhu, Du & Chen 2009) -- (Du et al. 2021:322 [ref. 38600], Du et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40265], Mo et al. 2024:1381 [ref. 41636]). Current status: Valid as Paranemachilus jinxiensis (Zhu, Du & Chen 2009). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Pearl River drainage (Guangxi, China). Habitat: freshwater.

jiuchiensis, Yunnanilus Du [L.-N.], Hou [M.], Chen [X.-Y.] & Yang [J.-X.] 2018:138, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 4532 (no. 1); ref. 36374] Tuojiang River, Jiuchi County, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, China, 30.9876°N, 104.0484°E. Holotype: KIZ 2018000002. Paratypes: KIZ. •Synonym of Yunnanilus pleurotaenia (Regan 1904) -- (Guo 2021:483 [ref. 38618]). •Valid as Yunnanilus jiuchiensis Du, Hou, Chen & Yang 2018 -- (Du et al. 2021:326 [ref. 38600], He et al. 2024:203 [ref. 40917], Qin et al. 2024:752 [ref. 41214]). Current status: Valid as Yunnanilus jiuchiensis Du, Hou, Chen & Yang 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Tuojiang River drainage, Yangtze River basin (Sichuan, China), Habitat: freshwater.

jordanicus, Noemacheilus angorae Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1966:329, Fig. 1; Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 63; ref. 8005] Wadi Kufrinja, east shore of Jordan, about 1.5 kilometers before river mouth, 32°16'N, 35°34'E. Holotype: ZMH H2738. Paratypes: ZMH H2739 (orig. 16, now 14), 2740-41 (9, 5). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Synonym of Nemacheilus angorae Steindachner 1897, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Goren 1974:94 [ref. 7502] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Orthrias jordanicus (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966) -- (Bănărescu et al. 1982:4 [ref. 174]). •Synonym of Nemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843) -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:380 [ref. 13651]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus jordanicus (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Synonym of Oxynemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843) -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:309 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2024:78 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus insignis (Heckel 1843). Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

kaffa, Afronemacheilus Prokofiev [A. M.] & Golubtsov [A. S.] 2013:8, Figs. 2d-f, 3c-e, 4d-f, 5, 6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 32805] Anja river, tributary of the Gojeb river, Omo-Turkana basin, Ethiopia, 7°27'N 36°23'E. Holotype: ZIN 55200. Paratypes: ZMMU 21895 (1); 21896 (1), 21897 (1), 21898 (9); ZIN 52708 (1), 52710 (xx), 55198 (8), 55199 (1, c&s); SAIAB uncat. (3). Nomen nudum in [ref. 31096]. •Valid as Afronemacheilus kaffa Prokofiev & Golubtsov 2013 -- (Prokofiev 2017:241 [ref. 35630]). Current status: Valid as Afronemacheilus kaffa Prokofiev & Golubtsov 2013. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Oma-Turkana basin, Ethiopia, Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

kafirnigani, Nemachilus dorsalis Turdakov [F. A.] 1948:58 [Trudy Kirgizskogo Pedagogicheskogo Instituta v. 1 (no. 1) for 1946; ref. 21173] Kafirnigan River, tributary Of Amu-Daya River, near Stalinabad [Dyushanbe], Tadzhikistan. Syntypes: ZMMU P-3647 (1), P-3651 (3). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:27-28 [ref. 25714]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Triplophysa kafirnigani (Turdakov 1948) -- (Prokofiev 2006:256 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2010:908 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:127 [ref. 32367], Sheraliev 2022:14 [ref. 40636]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kafirnigani (Turdakov 1948). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Central Asia: tributaries of the Syr-Darya River (Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan). Habitat: freshwater.

kailashi, Aborichthys Shangningam [B.], Kosygin [L.], Sinha [B.] & Gurumayum [S. D.] 2019:362, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 29 (no. 4) IEF-1123; ref. 37201] Pange River at Arolenching, Ziro, Brahmaputra basin, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 27°29'16"N, 93°51'95"E, elevation 1,600 meters. Holotype: ZSI FF 8310. Paratypes: APFS/ZSI/P 786 (4), ZSI FF 5821 (1). •Valid as Aborichthys kailashi Shangningam, Kosygin, Sinha & Gurumayum 2019 -- (Nanda & Tamang 2021:26 [ref. 38712], Singh & Kosygin 2022:[7] [ref. 39743]). Current status: Valid as Aborichthys kailashi Shangningam, Kosygin, Sinha & Gurumayum 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Pange River drainage, upper Brahmaputra basin, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. Habitat: freshwater.

kaimurensis, Nemacheilus Husain [A.] & Tilak [R.] 1998:131, Figs. 1-4 [Indian Journal of Forestry v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 24919] Kanhar stream, near village of Kota, Chopan, District Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Holotype: NRS/ZSI/F 1543. Paratypes: NRS/ZSI/F 1544 (33). •Valid as "Nemacheilus" kaimurensis Husain & Tilak 1998 -- (Kottelat 2012:91 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:166 [ref. 36647], Šlechtová et al. 2021:[11] [ref. 38212] in 'Nemacheilus'). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus kaimurensis Husain & Tilak 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle Ganges River basin, Uttar Pradesh, India. Habitat: freshwater.

kampucheensis, Schistura Bohlen [J.], Petrtýl [M.], Chaloupková [P.] & Borin [C.] 2016:354, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 4) (for Mar. 2016); ref. 34366] Stream Ta Da Ou Bey, Tek Chhou drainage, Kampot, Cambodia, 10°41.173'N, 104°06.948'E. Holotype: ZRC 54439. Paratypes: CMK, IAPG, NMP, ZFMK, ZRC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Schistura kampucheensis Bohlen, Petrtýl, Chaloupková & Borin 2016. Current status: Valid as Schistura kampucheensis Bohlen, Petrtýl, Chaloupková & Borin 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Mekong River basin, northern and southern Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

kangjupkhulensis, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1921:202, Pl. 10 (figs. 4-4a) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 3, no. 19); ref. 2202] Hill streams of the Manipur Valley, Yaribuk, Manipur, India. Holotype: ZSI F10060/1. Paratypes: MCSNG 17115 (2), ZSI F10061/1 (1). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:122 [ref. 20743], Menon 1987:117 [ref. 14149]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. The spelling kangjupkhulensis is correct. See Das 2003:364 [ref. 27706] but spelled kanjuphulensis. •Valid as Nemacheilus kangjupkhulensis Hora 1921 -- (Menon 1987:115 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:484 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:173 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Karmakar 2000:31 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Schistura kangjupkhulensis (Hora 1921) -- (Kottelat 1990:131 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187] as kanjupkhulensis, Vishwanath & Laisram 2001:204 [ref. 25886] as kanjupkhulensis, Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar 2006:210 [ref. 28652] as kangjupkhulensis, Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2011:1514 [ref. 31183], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2011:1514 [ref. 31183], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:175 [ref. 31357], Ou et al. 2011:197 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:4 [ref. 32463] as kanjupkhulensis, Lalronunga et al. 2013:589 [ref. 32927] as kanjupkhulensis, Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:575 [ref. 32971] as kanjupkhulensis, Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Khynrian & Sen 2014:17 [ref. 33853], Shangningam et al. 2014:189 [ref. 33318], Solo et al. 2014:258 [ref. 33517], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] [ref. 33603] as kanjupkhulensis, Lalramliana et al. 2014:211 [ref. 33628], Chen et al. 2020:100 [ref. 38014], Shangningam & Kosygin 2022:60 [ref. 39587]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kangjupkhulensis (Hora 1921). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: northeastern India and Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

kangrae, Nemachilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1952:229, Pl. 7 (figs. 4-5) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 49 (pt 2, June 1951); ref. 12708] Kangra Valley, Baijnath, Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Holotype: ZSI F639/2. Paratypes: ZSI F640/2 (3). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:122 [ref. 20743]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:364 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus montanus (McClelland 1838) -- (Menon 1987:78 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:489 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:174 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Karmakar 2000:31 [ref. 25662] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Paraschistura montana (McClelland 1838). •Valid as Schistura kangrae (Menon 1952) -- (Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367] dated 1951). Current status: Valid as Schistura kangrae (Menon 1952). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

kapuasensis, Noemacheilus Kottelat [M.] 1984:244, Figs. 3b, 11, 16, 17 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 31 (no. 3); ref. 5292] Kapuas, rocky channel in main stream of Sungai Pinoh, Nangu Saian, 45 kilometers south of Nangapinoh, Borneo, 0°43'S, 111°38'E. Holotype: MZB 4004. Paratypes: CAS 47378 (20); CMK 3188 (2, c&s); FMNH 68180-82 (65, 1, 273), 68184 (35); MZB 4005 (6); SMF 17014 (31). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus kapuasensis Kottelat 1984 -- (Roberts 1989:107 [ref. 6439], Kottelat et al. 1993:55 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:236 [ref. 23210], Doi 1997:16 [ref. 22832], Hadiaty & Siebert 2001:186 [ref. 25685], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:156 [ref. 28284], Parenti & Lim 2005:188 [ref. 28285], Tan & Kottelat 2009:52 [ref. 30261] as cf. kapuasensis, Hadiaty & Kottelat 2010:45 [ref. 30914], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2011:204 [ref. 31485], Kottelat 2012:91 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:201 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Nemacheilus kapuasensis Kottelat 1984. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Borneo, Indonesia. Habitat: freshwater.

karabanowi, Barbatula Prokofiev [A. M.] 2018:269, Figs. 3-4 [Zootaxa 4407 (no. 2); ref. 35878] Bayan-Ölgii aimag, headwaters of the Bulgan River, Mongolia, 47°04'46.4"N, 91°02'36.1"E. Holotype: ZMMU 23829. Paratypes: ZMMU. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Barbatula karabanowi Prokofiev 2018:267 [ref. 35878] Current status: Valid as Barbatula karabanowi Prokofiev 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Upper Bulgan River drainage, Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater.

karunensis, Oxynoemacheilus Freyhof [J.] 2016:94, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 4175 (no. 1); ref. 34815] Gamasiab River at Do Ab, Hamadan province, Iran, 34°22'20.76"N, 47°55'00.1"E. Holotype: ZFMK-ICH 102205. Paratypes: FSJF, SMF. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus karunensis Freyhof 2016 -- (Freyhof & Abdullah 2017:86 [ref. 35169], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:552 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Esmaeili et al. 2018:45 [ref. 36089], Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili 2020:201 [ref. 37967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:170 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:79 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus karunensis Freyhof 2016. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Jarrahi and Karun river drainages, Tigris River basin (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

kashmirensis, Nemachilus Hora [S. L.] 1922:76 [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 24 (pt 1) (art. 3); ref. 15348] Verinag, Kukarnag and a small stream flowing from the Kashmir waterworks reservoir to the trout farm at Harwan, India. Syntypes: ZSI F10122/1 (1) Harwan, Kashmir; ZSI F10121/1 (9) Kulkarnag Spring, Kashmir. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:123 [ref. 20743], Menon 1987:219 [ref. 14149]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:364 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Triplophysa yasinensis (Alcock 1898) -- (Menon 1987:217 [ref. 14149], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:515 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:192 [ref. 24904], Prokofiev 2007:7 [ref. 28990]). •See Prokofiev 2010:896 [ref. 31096]. •Valid as Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora 1922) -- (Kullander et al. 1999:143 [ref. 23689], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:16 [ref. 27265], Bashir et al. 2016:479 [ref. 34447], Usharamalakshmi et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36315]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora 1922). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan and Kashmir. Habitat: freshwater.

kaynaki, Oxynemacheilus Erk'akan [F.], Özeren [S. C.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2008:115, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fisheries International [electronic journal] v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 29859] Goksu River, Nurhak, Elbistan, Firat basin, 37°53'22.82''N, 37°22'19.99''E, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC-F-20. Paratypes: HUCI-F-20 (14). Original genus should have been Oxynoemacheilus. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008 -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:43, 48 [ref. 33140], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:389 [ref. 35216], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Çiçek et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36267], Turan et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36540], Freyhof et al. 2019:39 [ref. 36739], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Rakici et al. 2020:410 [ref. 37960], Çiçek et al. 2023:350 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:79 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki Erk'akan, Özeren & Nalbant 2008. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: upper Göksu River drainage, upper Euphrates River [Firat Nehri] basin, Kahramanmaraş Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

kaysonei, Schistura Vidthayanon [C.] & Jaruthanin [K.] 2002:18, Fig. 1 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 26523] Phu Tham Nam, Ban (village) Don Yom in Khammouan karst, between lat. 18°45'N, 104°45'E and 18°30'N, 105°00'E, Laos. Holotype: NIFI 3131. Paratypes: NIFI 3132 (3). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin 2002 -- (Kottelat 2004:190 [ref. 27801], Proudlove 2006:98 [ref. 28992], Kottelat & Steiner 2010:313 [ref. 31189], Kottelat & Steiner 2011:313 [ref. 31189], Kottelat 2012:341 [ref. 32232], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kaysonei Vidthayanon & Jaruthanin 2002. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Khammouan karst, Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

kaznakowi, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2004:195, Figs. 54-75 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 83 (no. 2); ref. 27939] "Tuguryuk River valley" (= Nom-Gol River flowing down from the extreme eastern escarps of Tien-Shan Mountains and disappearing in the sands of the Nomin-Gobi Desert, about 42°N, 96°E, Xinijang [sic]-Uighur Autonomous Region, China). Holotype: ZIN 12485. Paratypes: ZIN 12485 (7, 1 c&s). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Triplophysa kaznakowi Prokofiev 2004 -- (Prokofiev 2006:Engl. 580 [ref. 28811], Prokofiev 2006:255 [ref. 29061], Cao & Zhang 2008:40 [ref. 29966], Prokofiev 2010:907 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:87 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kaznakowi Prokofiev 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Tuguryuk River valley, Xinjiang-Uighur Autonomous Region, China. Habitat: freshwater.

kempi, Aborichthys Chaudhuri [B. L.] 1913:245, Pl. 7 (figs. 1, 1a-b) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 8 (pt 3); ref. 819] Egar stream between Renging and Rotung, Dihang River near Yembung, and Sirpo River near Renging, Abor Hills, India. Syntypes: ZSI F7721/1-7723/1 (3), and 7778/1-7779/1, 7878/1-7879/1, 8297/1-8298/1 (9) Egar stream; 7725/1-7727/1 (3) Sirpo R.; 7769/1-7770/1 (2) Dihang R. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:119 [ref. 20743], Menon 1987:190 [ref. 14149]. •Valid as Nemacheilus kempi (Chaudhuri 1913) -- (Menon 1987:188 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus kepi). •Valid as Nemacheilus kempi (Chaudhuri 1913) -- (Menon 1999:188 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus). •Synonym of Aborichthys boutanensis (McClelland 1842) -- (Thoni & Hart 2015:291 [ref. 33918] with authorship as McClelland & Griffith, Kosygin et al. 2019:74 [ref. 36729]). •Valid as Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri 1913 -- (Zhu 1989:59 [ref. 17744], Kottelat 1990:24 [ref. 14137], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:458 [ref. 20764], Zhang et al. 1995:46 [ref. 22734], Sen 1995:544 [ref. 23778], Zhu 1995:111 [ref. 25213], Kullander et al. 2000:331 [ref. 25075], Karmakar 2000:30 [ref. 25662], Sen 2009:13 [ref. 30554], Kottelat 2012:74 [ref. 32367], Kosygin 2012:49 [ref. 32937], Kottelat 2013:198 [ref. 32989], Khynrian & Sen 2014:6 [ref. 33853], Khynrian & Sen 2014:6 [ref. 33853], Arunachalam et al. 2014:42 [ref. 33198], Zhang et al. 2016:127 [ref. 34477], Shangningam et al. 2019:370 [ref. 37201], Singh & Kosygin 2022:[7] [ref. 39743]). Current status: Valid as Aborichthys kempi Chaudhuri 1913. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: mountain streams in Abor Hills, India and Putao plains, upper Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

kengtungensis, Nemacheilus Fowler [H. W.] 1936:509, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87 (for 1935); ref. 13693] Laun We (Loi Mwe, 21°10'N, 99°45'E), Keng Tung, Mekong basin, Myanmar, elevation 5600 feet. Holotype: ANSP 64157. Paratypes: ANSP 64158 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:63 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Schistura kengtungensis (Fowler 1936) -- (Kottelat 1990:133 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:439 [ref. 23187], Rainboth 1996:129 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Kottelat 2000:58 [ref. 25040], Kottelat 2001:109 [ref. 25780], Chen et al. 2005:27 [ref. 28352], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:176 [ref. 31357], Ou et al. 2011:193 [ref. 31692], Zheng et al. 2012:63 [ref. 32070], Kottelat 2012:110 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2016:361 [ref. 34366], Zhang et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34477], Endruweit et al. 2016:599 [ref. 34743], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kengtungensis (Fowler 1936). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River system (Myanmar, Thailand and Yunnan/China). Habitat: freshwater.

kentritensis, Oxynoemacheilus Freyhof [J.], Kaya [C.] & Turan [D.] 2017:552, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4258 (no. 6); ref. 35290] Stream Kesan about 1 km south of Güntepe, Bitlis province, Turkey, 38°21'24''N, 42°37'39''E. Holotype: FFR 01566. Paratypes: FFR, FSJF. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:425 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya & Turan 2017 -- (Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343] as kentritesensis, Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:350 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40501], Çiçek et al. 2024:80 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kentritensis Freyhof, Kaya & Turan 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: upper Tigris River basin (Turkey, Iraq and Syria). Habitat: freshwater.

keralensis, Oreonectes (Indoreonectes) Rita [S. D.] & Nalbant [T. T.] in Rita, Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978:186, Figure 1 [Travaux du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" v. 19; ref. 3758] Tributary of Periyar River, Pampadampara, Kerala, India. Holotype: ISBB 2925. Paratypes: ISBB 2934 (2), MGAB 237 (1), ZSI (3). Additional material: USNM 227405 (1), 268633 (1). •Valid as Nemacheilus keralensis (Rita & Nalbant 1978) -- (Menon 1987:193 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:484 [ref. 20764], Raju Thomas et al. 1999:200 [ref. 24210], Menon 1999:189 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Raju Thomas et al. 2002:50 [ref. 26359], Kurup & Radhakrishnan 2005:77 [ref. 28530]). •Valid as Oreonectes keralensis Rita & Nalbant 1978 -- (Rema Devi et al. 2002:127 [ref. 26361]). •Valid as Indoreonectes keralensis (Rita & Nalbant 1978) -- (Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367], Bleher 2018:136 [ref. 36647], Prasad et al. 2020:344 [ref. 37918], Kumkar et al. 2021:529 [ref. 38567]). Current status: Valid as Indoreonectes keralensis (Rita & Nalbant 1978). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Periyar, Pampa, Muvattupuzba and Meenachil River drainages, southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

kermanensis, Paraschistura Sayyadzadeh [G.], Teimori [A.] & Esmaeili [H. R.] 2019:574, FIgs. 3-8 [Zootaxa 4638 (no. 4); ref. 36833] Bidkhoon River at Hanjam village, Kerman province, Iran, 29°39'51.2"N, 56°30"52.3"E. Holotype: ZM-CBSU H2442. Paratypes: ZM-CBSU H2443 (20). •Valid as Paraschistura kermanensis Sayyadzadeh, Teimori & Esmaeili 2019 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:197 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:101 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura kermanensis Sayyadzadeh, Teimori & Esmaeili 2019. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Bidkhoon River drainage, Kerman-Naein basin (Kerman Province, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

kermanshahensis, Noemacheilus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1966:151, Figs. 1-2; Pl. 19 (fig. 2) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening, Kjøbenhavn v. 129; ref. 218] Kermanshah in the drainage of the Karun River, tributary of lower Tigris, western Iran. Holotype: ZMUC P2787. Paratypes: ZMUC P2788-2794 (7). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:49 [ref. 9588]. Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Date sometimes 1967. •Valid as Nemacheilus kermanshahensis Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966 -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608], Coad 1998:103 [ref. 23869]). •Valid as Orthrias kermanshahensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966) -- (Nalbant & Bianco 1998:110 [ref. 23810]). •Valid as Barbatula kermanshahensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966) -- (based on status of Barbatula). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kermanshahensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966) -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604], Esmaeili et al. 2010:372 [ref. 33391], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:884 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095]). •Valid as Sasanidus kermanshahensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966) -- (Freyhof et al. 2016:71 [ref. 34414], Freyhof 2016:94 [ref. 34815], Esmaeili et al. 2017:73 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:52 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:205 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:105 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Sasanidus kermanshahensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1966). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Karkheh and Dez River drainages (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

kessleri, Nemachilus Günther [A.] 1889:109 [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. Second Series. Zoology v. 5 (pt 3) (art. 3); ref. 18207] Nushki, Pishin Lora River basin, Afghanistan [today Pakistan]. Syntypes: (8) BMNH 1886.9.21.177-180 (4), ZSI 11487-90 (now 3). Type information: Talwar 1977:65 [ref. 21523]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. •Valid as Nemacheilus kessleri Günther 1889 -- (Berg 1949:877 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus, Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus, Menon 1987:61 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:485 [ref. 20764], Coad 1995:22 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:6 [ref. 23831], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:103 [ref. 23869], Coad & Abdoli 2000:56 [ref. 25296]). •Valid as Schistura kessleri (Günther 1889) -- (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:441 [ref. 23187], Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265]). •Valid as Paraschistura kessleri (Günther 1889) -- (Prokofiev 2009:892 [ref. 30604] with subspecies, Esmaeili et al. 2010:373 [ref. 33391], Vatandoust & Eagderi 2015:182 [ref. 33819], Freyhof et al. 2015:12 [ref. 33865], Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi 2015:299 [ref. 34027], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:888 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2015:122 [ref. 35030], Esmaeili et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:51 [ref. 36089], Eagderi et al. 2019:266 [ref. 36967], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:198 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2024:102 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Paraschistura kessleri (Günther 1889). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East and South Asia: Mashkid River basin (Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan). Habitat: freshwater.

khamtanhi, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:63, Fig. 40 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Houay Pao, a west side tributary of Xe Kong, entering it about 16 kilometers upriver of Muang Kaleum, 15°50'17"N, 106°45'40"E, Xekong Province, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 45349. Paratypes: CMK 15652 (71), 15820 (18); LARRI uncat. (6); NRM 44894 (6); ZRC 45350 (6). •Valid as Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:109 [ref. 25780], Ou et al. 2011:199 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Taki et al. 2021:211 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura khamtanhi Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, southern Laos and northern Cambodia. Habitat: freshwater.

khugae, Schistura Vishwanath [W.] & Shanta [K.] 2004:330 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 4); ref. 27996] Khuga River, Churachandpur District, Manipur, India. Holotype: MUMF 5013. Paratypes: MUMF 5001-5008 (8), 5009-5014 (6). Replacement name for Schistura macrocephalus Vishwanath & Shanta 2004, preoccupied by Schistura macrocephalus Kottelat 2000. •Valid as Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta 2004 -- (Vishwanath & Shanta Kumar 2006:210 [ref. 28652], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2011:1514 [ref. 31183], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:4 [ref. 32463], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:575 [ref. 32971], Kottelat 2013:207 [ref. 32989], Khynrian & Sen 2014:17 [ref. 33853], Shangningam et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33318], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] [ref. 33603], Lalramliana et al. 2014:211 [ref. 33628], Chen et al. 2020:100 [ref. 38014]). Current status: Valid as Schistura khugae Vishwanath & Shanta 2004. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Manipur and Nagaland, India and Harhva River drainage, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

kiabii, Oxynoemacheilus Golzarianpour [K.], Abdoli [A.] & Freyhof [J.] 2011:202, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 3) [for Sept.]; ref. 31693] Stream Dehnoo, 3 km west of Nahavand on road from Nahavand to Sarab-e-Gamasiab, 34°10'N, 48°24'E, Hamadan Province, Iran. Holotype: ZFMK 41847. Paratypes: FCKG 8658 (8), 8659 (7); FSJF 3003 (7), 3004 (2). Plus additional not-type material. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kiabii Golzarianpour, Abdoli & Freyhof 2011 -- (Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Kamangar et al. 2014:45 [ref. 33140], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:884 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34789], Freyhof 2016:94 [ref. 34815], Sayyadzadeh et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34976], Freyhof & Abdullah 2017:86 [ref. 35169], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:379 [ref. 35216], Esmaeili et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:552 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Esmaeili et al. 2018:45 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:170 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2024:80 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kiabii Golzarianpour, Abdoli & Freyhof 2011. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Middle East: Karkheh River drainage, Tigris River basin (Iran). Habitat: freshwater.

kirinensis, Barbatula toni Tchang [T.-L.] 1932:115, Fig. 2 [Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peiping (Zoological Series) v. 3 (no. 8); ref. 16401] Kirin, Jilin Province, northeastern China. Holotype: ZMFMIB (now ASIZB) 7931. •Synonym of Nemacheilus barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:870 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Barbatula barbatula (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies nuda (Bleeker 1868) -- (Zhu 1989:30 [ref. 17744]). •Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski 1869), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Vasil'eva 1998:96 [ref. 23591]). •Synonym of Orthrias barbatulus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Prokofiev 2007:17 [ref. 30343]). •Synonym of Barbatula nuda (Bleeker 1964) -- (Kottelat 2012:79 [ref. 32367] with question). •Synonym of Barbatula toni (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:53 [ref. 28831], Cao et al. 2012:241 [ref. 32335], Prokofiev 2015:461 [ref. 34065]). •Valid as Barbatula kirinensis Tchang 1932 -- (Chen et al. 2019:12 [ref. 36569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[8] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Barbatula kirinensis Tchang 1932. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: East Asia: Jingpo Lake, Tumen River and Zhu'Erduo River (northern China). Habitat: freshwater.

kloetzliae, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2000:63, Fig. 41 [Journal of South Asian Natural History v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 25040] Mengla market, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. Holotype: NRM 33199. Paratypes: CMK 14312 (1). •Valid as Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat 2000 -- (Kottelat 2001:109 [ref. 25780], Vidthayanon 2003:310 [ref. 27398], Endruweit 2011:573 [ref. 31621], Zheng et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32070], Chen & Neely 2012:226 [ref. 32332], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Bohlen & Šlechtová 2013: 89, 92 [ref. 32798], Kottelat 2013:208 [ref. 32989], Endruweit 2014:60 [ref. 33202], Zhang et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34477], Endruweit et al. 2016:599 [ref. 34743], Endruweit 2017:399 [ref. 35191], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat 2000. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: upper Mekong River system (Yunnan/China). Habitat: freshwater.

klydonion, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 2017:349, Figs. 13-17 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 65; ref. 35511] Houay Xoy, a tributary of Xe Namnoy, Bolaven Plateau, Champasak Province, Laos, 14°52'41"N, 106°34'49"E, elevation 790 meters. Holotype: MHNG 2767.085. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Schistura klydonion Kottelat 2017. Current status: Valid as Schistura klydonion Kottelat 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Xe Namnoy drainage, Bolaven Plateau, southern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

kodaguensis, Noemacheilus Menon [A. G. K.] 1987:108, Pl. 16 (fig. 11) [The fauna of India and the adjacent countries. Pisces. Vol. IV; ref. 14149] Kotu Hola, near Merkara, Karnataka, India. Holotype: SRS/ZSI F565. Paratypes: SRS/ZSI F565(A). Genus is correctly Nemacheilus. See Das 2003:366 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Nemacheilus kodaguensis Menon 1987 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:486 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:173 [ref. 24904] as Noemacheilus, Bleher 2018:168 [ref. 36647]). •Valid as Schistura kodaguensis (Menon 1987) -- (Sreekantha et al. 2006:2216 [ref. 28597], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Sudasinghe 2017:108 [ref. 35539], Praveenraj et al. 2020:55 [ref. 37848]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kodaguensis (Menon 1987). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Western Ghats, Karnataka, southern India. Habitat: freshwater.

kohatensis, Schistura Mirza [M. R.] & Bănărescu [P. M.] in Mirza, Nalbant & Bănărescu 1981:123, Figs. 46-50 [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 51 (no. 1); ref. 5390] Hangu, Kohat District, on the Kohat Toi River, right tributary of Indus River, Pakistan. Holotype: ISBB 3373. Paratypes: ISBB 3374 (1), ZMA 116446 (2), Mirza priv. coll. (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:36 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Nemacheilus kohatensis (Mirza & Bănărescu 1981) -- (Menon 1987:71 [ref. 14149] as Noemacheilus, Talwar & Jhingran 1991:486 [ref. 20764]). •Valid as Schistura kohatensis Mirza & Bănărescu 1981 -- (Rafique 2000:325 [ref. 25220], Mirza 2003:14 [ref. 27265], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kohatensis Mirza & Bănărescu 1981. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Pakistan. Habitat: freshwater.

kohchangensis, Nemacheilus Smith [H. M.] 1933:56, Pl. 1 (fig. 2); Fig. 2 [Journal of the Siam Society, Natural History Supplement v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 4051] Waterfall stream on Koh Chang, Gulf of Thailand. Holotype (unique): KUMF 0169. Type catalog: Monkolprasit 1969:6 [ref. 23217]. •Valid as Schistura kohchangensis (Smith 1933) -- (Kottelat 1990:138 [ref. 14137], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:440 [ref. 23187], Rainboth 1996:129 [ref. 22772], Doi 1997:17 [ref. 22832], Plongsesthee et al. 2011:176 [ref. 31357], Ou et al. 2011:193 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:208 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2016:361 [ref. 34366], Taki et al. 2021:220 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kohchangensis (Smith 1933). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, western Cambodia and small coastal streams in southeastern Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

kokshaalensis, Triplophysa Prokofiev [A. M.] 2010:896 [Journal of Ichthyology v. 50 (no. 10); ref. 31096] Appeared as nomen nudum, mentioned prematurely; publication to follow. •Not available, no description; awaiting publication in an available way. •Listed as a Nomen nudum -- (Kottelat 2012:85 [ref. 32367]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Triplophysa kokshaalensis Prokofiev 2017. Nemacheilidae.

kokshaalensis, Triplophysa (Indotriplophysa) Prokofiev [A. M.] 2017:175, Fig. 37 [ ref. 35630] Taushkan-Darya, Sinkiang, China. Holotype (unique): ZIN 9458. •Valid as Triplophysa (Indotriplophysa) kokshaalensis Prokofiev 2017. Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kokshaalensis Prokofiev 2017. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Taushkan-Darya, Sinkiang, west China. Habitat: freshwater.

koladynensis, Schistura Lokeshwor [Y.] & Vishwanath [W.] 2012 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 32296] Mizoram, Lawntlai District, Koladyne River at Kolchaw, 22°23'45"N, 92°55'56"E, India. Holotype: MUMF 11048. Awaiting original. •Valid as Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012 -- (Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2013:575 [ref. 32971], Kottelat 2013:208 [ref. 32989], Bohlen et al. 2014:26 [ref. 33197], Khynrian & Sen 2014:17 [ref. 33853], Shangningam et al. 2014:190 [ref. 33318], Solo et al. 2014:258 [ref. 33517], Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2014:[5] 317 [ref. 33603], Lalramliana et al. 2014:211 [ref. 33628], Choudhury et al. 2019:50 [ref. 36483]). Current status: Valid as Schistura koladynensis Lokeshwor & Vishwanath 2012. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Koladyne River basin, Mizoram, India. Habitat: freshwater.

kongphengi, Schistura Kottelat [M.] 1998:77, Figs. 116-117 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 23436] Upper Nam Theun, 17°59'31"N, 105°27'49"E, Laos. Holotype: ZRC 41799. Paratypes: CMK 12705 (19), 12758 (5), 12771 (31), 12792 (4); DFV uncat. (4); NRM 36710 (8); ZRC 41800 (8). •Valid as Schistura kongphengi Kottelat 1998 -- (Freyhof & Serov 2001:159 [ref. 25364], Kottelat 2001:109 [ref. 25780], Ou et al. 2011:199 [ref. 31692], Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:208 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:44 [ref. 33971], Kottelat 2017:53 [ref. 35502], Kottelat 2017:705 [ref. 35677], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841], Fu et al. 2021:9568 [ref. 39347], Taki et al. 2021:204 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kongphengi Kottelat 1998. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mekong River basin, central Vietnam and central and southern Laos. Habitat: freshwater.

kontumensis, Schistura Freyhof [J.] & Serov [D. V.] 2001:160, Figs. 29-31 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 25364] Stream Iasia, about 25 kilometers west of Kontum, 14°23.63'N, 107°48.64'E, Kontum Province, Vietnam. Holotype: ZFMK 26687. Paratypes: ZFMK 26688-747 (60), ZSM 28869 (12). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:113 [ref. 31087], Neumann 2011:241 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Schistura kontumensis Freyhof & Serov 2001 -- (Kottelat 2012:111 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:208 [ref. 32989], Ho et al. 2018:146 [ref. 35841], Taki et al. 2021:218 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Schistura kontumensis Freyhof & Serov 2001. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Sesan River basin, Kontum Province, central Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

kosswigi, Orthrias angorae Erk'akan [F.] & Kuru [M.] 1986:160, Fig. 1a [Doga Turk Biyoloji Dergisi. v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 21167] Yildiz çayi, Yildizeli, Sivas, Turkey. Holotype: HUIC. Paratypes: HUIC (9). •Apparently valid in Barbatula -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:143 [ref. 28767]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus angorae (Steindachner 1897), but a valid subspecies -- (Prokofiev 2009:880 [ref. 30604]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kosswigi (Erk'akan & Kuru 1986) -- (Golzarianpour et al. 2011:205 [ref. 31693], Freyhof et al. 2012:307 [ref. 31752], Erk'akan 2012:97 [ref. 32281], Kottelat 2012:97 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Sungur et al. 2017:379 [ref. 35750], Çiçek et al. 2018:19 [ref. 36267], Turan et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36540]). •Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis (Bănărescu 1968) -- (Seçer et al. 2020:261 [ref. 37933], Sungur 2020:[1] [ref. 37465], Çiçek et al. 2024:88 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Synonym of Oxynoemacheilus seyhanensis (Bănărescu 1968). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Kızılırmak River basin (Black Sea tributary), Sivas Province (Turkey) [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

kosswigi, Turcinoemacheilus Bănărescu [P. M.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 1964:178, Pl. 8 (fig. 14) [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 61; ref. 217] Kapozik Kadun, Hakkari [37°34'40"N, 43°44'10"E], Tigris (Dicle Nehri basin), Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H1884. Paratypes: ZMH H1885 (6). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:159 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964 -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Bănărescu & Nalbant 1995:457 [ref. 23187], Coad 1995:23 [ref. 23608], Nalbant & Bianco 1998:114 [ref. 23810], Nalbant 1998:371 [ref. 26011], Breil & Bohlen 2001:72 [ref. 41587], Fricke et al. 2007:53 [ref. 29533], Golzarianpour et al. 2009:58 [ref. 30504], Esmaeili et al. 2010:373 [ref. 33391], Conway et al. 2011:1756 [ref. 31594], Golzarianpour et al. 2011:201 [ref. 31693] with genus as Turcinemacheilus, Kottelat 2012:134 [ref. 32367], Golzarianpour et al. 2013:47 [ref. 32802], Kamangar et al. 2014:49 [ref. 33140], Esmaeili et al. 2014:259 [ref. 33241], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:889 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:73 [ref. 35254], Prokofiev 2017:255 [ref. 35630], Esmaeili et al. 2018:53 [ref. 36089], Nikmehr et al. 2019:3 [ref. 38360], Çiçek et al. 2020:246 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:208 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40625], Kaya et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40566], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40707], Çiçek et al. 2024:111 [ref. 40789], Freyhof & Jouladeh-Roudbar 2024:178 [ref. 40751]). Current status: Valid as Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Greater Zhab drainage, upper Tigris River basin (Turkey); upper Euphrates basin, Erzincan (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater.

kottelati, Oxynoemacheilus Turan [D.], Aksu [S.], Güçlü [S. S.] & Kalayci [G.] 2024:485, Figs. 1-2 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 2); ref. 41082] Havran stream, Balikesir Province, Turkey, 39°30'33.3"N, 27°09'39.0"E. Holotype: FFR 15655. Paratypes: FFR 15656 (34), 15657 (21). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kottelati Turan, Aksu, Güçlü & Kalayci 2024. Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kottelati Turan, Aksu, Güçlü & Kalayci 2024. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Havran and Karinca stream drainages, northern Aegean Sea basin, Balikesir Province, Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

kottelati, Schistura Ho [A. T.], Hoang [N. T.] & Ngo [X. Y.] 2018:142, Figs. 1-5 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 66; ref. 35841] Pool in Hung Dang valley of Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Xuan Trach commune, Bo Trach district, Quang Binh province, Vietnam, 17°37'12"N, 106°04'01"E, elevation 83 meters. Holotype: BMVU 1101. Paratypes: BMVU, ZRC. •Valid as Schistura kottelati Ho, Hoang & Ngo 2018. Current status: Valid as Schistura kottelati Ho, Hoang & Ngo 2018. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Hung Dang valley, Quang Binh province, Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

kuehnei, Schistura Dvořák [T.], Bohlen [J.], Kottelat [M.] & Šlechtová [V.] 2023:12, Figs. 3G, 5D [Scientific Reports v. 13: 16996; ref. 40537] Small forest stream shortly before entering Khlong Sok, Khlong Sok watershed, Tapi River drainage, Surat Thani Province, Thailand, about 8°54'48"N, 98°31'30"E. Holotype: ZRC 61582. Paratypes: CMK, ZRC. •Valid as Schistura kuehnei Dvořák, Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2023. Current status: Valid as Schistura kuehnei Dvořák, Bohlen, Kottelat & Šlechtová 2023. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Khlong Sok drainage, Tapi River basin, Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

kuiperi, Nemachilus de Beaufort [L. F.] 1939:190, Fig. 1 [Treubia, Buitenzorg v. 17 (pt 3); ref. 17180] Belitung Island, Indonesia. Lectotype: ZMA 112889. Paralectotypes: ZMA 102145 (21). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:31 [ref. 19236]. Original genus is correctly Nemacheilus. Lectotype selected by Kottelat 1984:255 [ref. 5292]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker 1904 -- (Kottelat 1990:68 [ref. 14137], Kottelat 2012:92 [ref. 32367], Kottelat 2013:202 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Nemacheilus selangoricus Duncker 1904. Nemacheilidae. Habitat: freshwater.

kullmanni, Triplophysa Bănărescu [P. M.], Nalbant [T. T.] & Ladiges [W.] 1975:40, Fig. [Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoos v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 7408] Ab-e-Nawar spring, source of a salt lake, which dries up in the summer, central Afghanistan, elevation 3100 meters. Holotype: ZMH H4778. Paratypes: ZMH H4779 and 4780 (4). . Also appeared as new in Banarescu & Nalbant 1975:246 [ref. 22920] published in Nov., ref. 7408 published before Nov. •Valid as Nemacheilus kullmanni (Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges 1975) -- (Coad 1981:14 [ref. 22348] as Noemacheilus). •Valid as Triplophysa kullmanni Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges 1975 -- (Kottelat 2012:127 [ref. 32367], Çiçek et al. 2023:16 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kullmanni Bănărescu, Nalbant & Ladiges 1975. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: South Asia: Afghanistan endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

kungessana, Diplophysa Kessler [K. F.] 1879:286 [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Kungès River, Ili basin, Kazakhstan, elevation 4000 feet. Holotype (unique): ZIN 4176. Also in Kessler 1879:238 [ref. 14266]. •Synonym of Nemacheilus dorsalis (Kessler 1872) -- (Berg 1949:858 [ref. 20661] as Nemachilus). •Synonym of Triplophysa dorsalis (Kessler 1872) -- (Zhu 1989:85 [ref. 17744], Wu & Wu 1992:155 [ref. 21205]). •Valid as Triplophysa kungessana (Kessler 1879) -- (Prokofiev 2006:256 [ref. 29061], Prokofiev 2010:907 [ref. 31096], Kottelat 2012:127 [ref. 32367], Prokofiev 2016:203 [ref. 34459]). Current status: Valid as Triplophysa kungessana (Kessler 1879). Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Ili River basin, Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater.

kurdistanicus, Oxynoemacheilus Kamangar [B. B.], Prokofiev [A. M.], Ghaderi [E.] & Nalbant [T. T.] 2014:38, Fig. 3 [Zootaxa 3755 (no. 1); ref. 33140] Choman River (Tajaban, sta. 6) Baneh, Kurdistan, Iran, 35°56'53"N, 45°41'40"E. Holotype: FCFUK 146. Paratypes: FCFUK 146-170 (35), ZMUU 23084 (4). Plus non-type specimens. •Possibly a synonym of Oxynoemacheilus euphraticus (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1964) -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2017:388 [ref. 35216]). •Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant 2014 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:884 [ref. 34062], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:105 [ref. 34789], Freyhof 2016:100 [ref. 34815], Freyhof & Abdullah 2017:86 [ref. 35169], Esmaeili et al. 2017:65 [ref. 35254], Freyhof et al. 2017:552 [ref. 35290], Freyhof & Geiger 2017:259 [ref. 35343], Esmaeili et al. 2018:45 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:245 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:172 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:350 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:81 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Oxynoemacheilus kurdistanicus Kamangar, Prokofiev, Ghaderi & Nalbant 2014. Nemacheilidae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River drainage (Turkey, Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater.