Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Parodontidae: [ 45 ] records

affinis, Parodon Steindachner [F.] 1879:32 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Syntypes: (several) whereabouts unknown. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:20, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [ref. 4228]. •Valid as Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner 1879) -- (Garavello 1977:452 [ref. 7250], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Gómez & Chebez 1996:54 [ref. 23791], Sverlij et al. 1998:31 [ref. 27632], Britski et al. 1999:70 [ref. 24147], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:46 [ref. 27061] with a holotype, López et al. 2003:10 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Pavanelli 2006:89 [ref. 28544], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:27 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35267], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2023:131 [ref. 40464], Loureiro et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner 1879). Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

agmatos, Apareiodon Taphorn [D. C.], López-Fernández [H.] & Bernard [C. R.] 2008:33, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 1925; ref. 29897] Sandy beach on left bank of Mazaruni River, downstream from village of Kamarang, 5°56'10/1"N, 60°36'53.8"W, Guyana. Holotype: CSBD F1650. Paratypes: ANSP 187448 [ex ROM 83755] (5); AUM 47714 [ex ROM 83755] (5); CSBD F1651 [ex ROM 83755] (5); FMNH 117790 [ex ROM 83755] (5); MBUCV-V-35375 [ex ROM 83755] (5); MCNG 56000 [ex ROM 83755] (5); MNRJ 32486 [ex ROM 83755] (5); NCSM 48264 [ex ROM 83755] (5); NUP 5950 [ex ROM 83755] (5); ROM 83736 (4), 83750 (3), 83755 (236), 83765 (1), 83874 (2). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39255]. To be regarded as a masculine adjective. •Valid as Apareiodon agmatos Taphorn, López-Fernández & Bernard 2008. Current status: Valid as Apareiodon agmatos Taphorn, López-Fernández & Bernard 2008. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: upper Mazaruni River basin (Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

alfonsoi, Parodon Londoño-Burbano [A.], Román-Valencia [C.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2011:710, Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 31702] Lower río Magdalena drainage, río Tucuy, tributary to the río Calenturitas, 9°37'N, 73°17'W, Munícipio La Jagua de Ibiricó, Cesar, Colombia, elevation 117 meters. Holotype: CIUA 1125. Paratypes: CIUA 691 (10); IUQ 46 (2 c&s), 2614 (2). •Valid as Parodon alfonsoi Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn 2011 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Parodon alfonsoi Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn 2011. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Río Tucuy drainage, lower río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

apolinari, Parodon Myers [G. S.] 1930:66 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 43; ref. 12360] Guaicaramo, at junciton of Río Guavio and Río Upía, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 23725. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:26 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Parodon apolinari Myers 1930 -- (Taphorn 1992:476 [ref. 23654], Bonilla et al. 1999:7 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:713 [ref. 31702], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:85 [ref. 35773]). Current status: Valid as Parodon apolinari Myers 1930. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Apareiodon Pavanelli [C. S.] & Britski [H. A.] 2003:341, Fig. 3 [Copeia 2003 (no. 2); ref. 26907] Rio Tocantins, at Serra da Mesa, below the hydroelectric power dam, Minaçu, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 52900. Paratypes: MNRJ 12597 (2), 13025 (9), 13029 (1), 13031 (2); MZUSP 40849 (2), 59615 (26), 59617 (4). •Valid as Apareiodon argenteus Pavanelli & Britski 2003. Current status: Valid as Apareiodon argenteus Pavanelli & Britski 2003. Parodontidae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

atratoensis, Parodon Londoño-Burbano [A.], Román-Valencia [C.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2011:715, Fig. 4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 31702] Neguá, río Atrato drainage, upper río Neguá, 5°15'N, 76°49'W, Chacó, Colombia, elevation 146 meters. Holotype: ICNMHN 17100. Paratypes: CAS 6781 (1); ICNMHN 132 (1), 1584 (1). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:26 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Parodon atratoensis Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn 2011 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Parodon atratoensis Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn 2011. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Río Atrato basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

bifasciatus, Parodon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:274, Pl. 36 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Maripicru Creek, Guyana. Holotype (unique): FMNH 53582 [ex CM 1925]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:55 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:64 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Parodon bifasciatus Eigenmann 1912 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:728 [ref. 31702]). Current status: Valid as Parodon bifasciatus Eigenmann 1912. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Branco River basin, Brazil and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipinnis, Apareiodon Dahl [G.] 1971:117 [Los peces del norte de Colombia; ref. 23522] Río Verde, tributary of Río Sinu, Colombia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •In genus Saccodon -- (Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014]). •Synonym of Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Londoño-Burbano & Román-Valencia 2010:813 [ref. 30823], Pavanelli & Starnes 2015:197 [ref. 34056]). Current status: Synonym of Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913). Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

buckleyi, Parodon Boulenger [G. A.] 1887:279, Pl. 23 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 2) (art. 2) (for 1 Mar. 1887); ref. 532] Canelos, eastern Ecuador. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1880.12.5.125. •Valid as Parodon buckleyi Boulenger 1887 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Ingenito & Buckup 2005:769 [ref. 28479], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:717 [ref. 31702], Barriga Salazar 2014:104 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Parodon buckleyi Boulenger 1887. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

caliensis, Parodon Boulenger [G. A.] 1895:480 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 16 (no. 96) (art. 66); ref. 14578] Río Cali, near Cali, 3°27'N, 76°32'W, río Cauca drainage, Colombia, elevation 975 meters. Lectotype: BMNH 1895.11.16.83. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1895.11.16.84-87 (4). Lectotype selected by Londoño-Burbano & Román-Valencia 2010:813 [ref. 30823]. •Valid as Parodon caliensis Boulenger 1895 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Londoño-Burbano & Román-Valencia 2010:814 [ref. 30823], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:719 [ref. 31702], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Parodon caliensis Boulenger 1895. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: upper Cauca River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

caquetae, Apareiodon Fowler [H. W.] 1945:106, Fig. 6 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia [probably Bodoquero River, near the town of Morelia]. Holotype: ANSP 71696 (with paratypes). Paratypes: ANSP 71697-98 (2), 71699 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:136 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Parodon caquetae (Fowler 1945) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559]). •Possibly a synonym of Apareiodon pongoense Allen 1942 -- (Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014]). •Valid as Apareiodon caquetae Fowler 1945 -- (Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109]). •Synonym of Parodon pongoensis (Allen 1942) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:723 [ref. 31702]). Current status: Synonym of Parodon pongoensis (Allen 1942). Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

carrikeri, Parodon Fowler [H. W.] 1940:47, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Former farm ‘Monte Bello’, río Lipeo approximately 2 km upstream from confluence with río Bermejo, Lipeo hamlet, Los Toldos municipality, Santa Victoria department, Salta Province, Argentina. 22°26'50"S, 64°32'54"W, elevation 200 feet. Holotype: ANSP 68735. Paratypes: ANSP 68736-38 (3), 68739 (1), 108498 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:137 [ref. 13621]. Type locality changed from Bolivia to Argentina -- Mirande & Koerber 2015 [ref. 33698], Koerber 2022:107 [ref. 39426]. •Valid as Parodon carrikeri Fowler 1940 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:10 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:728 [ref. 31702], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Pavanelli 2024:395 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Parodon carrikeri Fowler 1940. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

caucae, Saccodon Schultz [L. P.] & Miles [C.] 1943:252, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 33 (no. 8); ref. 3976] Upper Río Cauca north of Cali, Colombia. Holotype: USNM 121285. Paratypes: Escuela Superior de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia (1); MLS? (1); MCZ 36030 (1); USNM 120166 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:39 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Saccodon caucae Schultz & Miles 1943 -- (Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897]). •Synonym of Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Londoño-Burbano & Román-Valencia 2010:813 [ref. 30823], Pavanelli & Starnes 2015:197 [ref. 34056]). Current status: Synonym of Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913). Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

caudalis, Parodon Fowler [H. W.] 1940:58, Figs. 14-15 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Río Pilcomayo at Villa Montes, Tarija, Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 68837. Paratypes: ANSP 68838-60 (23), Géry Coll. (3) [ex ANSP 68861-63]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:137 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Parodon carrikeri Fowler 1940 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Pavanelli 2024:395 [ref. 40817]). •Mention -- (López et al. 2003:10 [ref. 27366]). Current status: Synonym of Parodon carrikeri Fowler 1940. Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cavalcante, Apareiodon Pavanelli [C. S.] & Britski [H. A.] 2003:344, Fig. 4 [Copeia 2003 (no. 2); ref. 26907] Ribeirão do Padre, tributary on the right bank of the Rio Tocantinzinho, Cavalcante, Alto Tocantins, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 20093. Paratypes: NMRJ 12566 (18), 13026 (4). •Valid as Apareiodon cavalcante Pavanelli & Britski 2003. Current status: Valid as Apareiodon cavalcante Pavanelli & Britski 2003. Parodontidae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

compressus, Apareiodon Breder [C. M., Jr.] 1925:4, Figs. 3, 4B [American Museum Novitates No. 180; ref. 15531] Río Tuquesa, Darien, Panama Province, Panama. Holotype (unique): AMNH 8408. •Synonym of Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Londoño-Burbano & Román-Valencia 2010:820 [ref. 30823], Pavanelli & Starnes 2015:197 [ref. 34056]). Current status: Synonym of Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913). Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

cranocephalum, Saccodon Thominot [A.] 1882:248 [1], Unnumbered pl. [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 6; ref. 17902] Río Guayaquil, Ecuador. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-2503 (3, now 1), B-2996 [ex MNHN 0000-2503] (1); USNM 150431 [ex MNHN 0000-2503] (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:37 [ref. 19577], Vari & Howe 1991:39 [ref. 19022]. On p. 1 of separate. •Synonym of Saccodon wagneri Kner 1863 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Pavanelli & Starnes 2015:202 [ref. 34056]). Current status: Synonym of Saccodon wagneri Kner 1863. Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dariensis, Parodon Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1913:83 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 8); ref. 12295] Río Cupe at Cituro, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7587. Paratypes: FMNH 8841 (1), USNM 78379 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:64 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:32 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Londoño-Burbano & Román-Valencia 2010:819 [ref. 30823], Pavanelli & Starnes 2015:197 [ref. 34056], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Saccodon dariensis (Meek & Hildebrand 1913). Parodontidae. Distribution: Panama and Atrato and Magdalena River basins: Colombia and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

davisi, Apareiodon Fowler [H. W.] 1941:167, Figs. 79-80 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Rio Jaguaribe, Russas, Ceará, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 69467. Paratypes: ANSP 69468-70 (3), 69472 (1, missing), 69473-75 (3); Géry (1) [ex ANSP 69471]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:137 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Apareiodon davisi Fowler 1941 -- (Garavello 1977:454 [ref. 7250], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon davisi Fowler 1941. Parodontidae. Distribution: Jaguaribe and Parnaíba River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ecuadoriensis, Parodon Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:12 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Vinces, Ecuador. Holotype: FMNH 56597 [ex CM 5413]. Paratypes: (45, ex IU and CM) AMNH 5322 (3); BMNH 1924.3.3.64-65 (2); CAS 6761 [ex IU 13103] (5), 6768 [ex IU 13110] (6), 16041 [ex IU 13103, CM 5413] (1), 16042 [ex IU duplicates] (6); FMNH 56598 (2), 56607 (6); USNM 76974 (5, now 4), 120188 (1), 120194; exchange to Travassos [ex USNM 76974] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:64 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:33 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Apareiodon ecuadoriensis (Eigenmann & Henn 1914) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559]). •Synonym of Saccodon wagneri Kner 1863 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Pavanelli & Starnes 2015:202 [ref. 34056]). Current status: Synonym of Saccodon wagneri Kner 1863. Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gestri, Parodon Boulenger [G. A.] 1902:285 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 9 (no. 52) (art. 47); ref. 14846] Rio Coxipo, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MSNG 14863. Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:184 [ref. 10343]. •Probably a synonym of Parodon nasus Kner 1859 -- (Britski et al. 1999:70 [ref. 24147]). •Synonym of Parodon nasus Kner 1859 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Parodon nasus Kner 1859. Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

gransabana, Apareiodon Starnes [W. C.] & Schindler [I.] 1993:756, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1993 (no. 3); ref. 21014] About 8 kilometers south of Luepa, about 5°35'N, 61°25'W, Río Tarotá, tributary of Río Aponguao, Gran Sabana, Bolivar State, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-17000. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-17001 (4); MHNLS 4154 (1), 4581-82 (11, 5), 4635 (1), 4951-53 (3, 10, 5); USNM 267917 (9, 1 c&s), 322916 (4); ZMB 31888 (5). Type catalog: Lasso et al. 1997:43 [ref. 23639], Provenzano et al. 1998:3 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Apareiodon gransabana Starnes & Schindler 1993 -- (Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon gransabana Starnes & Schindler 1993. Parodontidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basins and basins of northern South America: French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

guyanensis, Parodon Géry [J.] 1960:481, Figs. 1-2 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 31 (no. 6) (for 1959); ref. 9349] Crique Deux-Branches, Upper Mana, French Guiana. Holotype: Géry coll. H04-20 bis-1. Paratypes: ANSP 94712 (1), Géry coll. H04-20 bis 2 to 7 (orig. 6), MCZ 48969 (1, c&s), MNHN 1959-0034 (1), USNM 179761 (1), ZSM 17797 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:137 [ref. 13621], Vari & Howe 1991:33 [ref. 19022], Neumann 2011:260, 274 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Apareiodon guyanensis (Géry 1960) -- (Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109]). •Valid as Parodon guyanensis Géry 1960 -- (Géry et al. 1991:30 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:106 [ref. 22818], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Ingenito & Buckup 2005:770 [ref. 28479], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897], Brosse et al. 2019:136 [ref. 38320], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507]). Current status: Valid as Parodon guyanensis Géry 1960. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and coastal rivers (French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

hasemani, Apareiodon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1916:75, Pl. 12 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (nos 1-2) (art. 5); ref. 1234] Pirapóra, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 57615 [ex CM 6587]. Paratypes: FMNH 15139-40 (1, 10), 57610-14 (9, 15, 21, 12, 1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:55 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:9 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apareiodon hasemani Eigenmann 1916 -- (Garavello 1977:453 [ref. 7250], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon hasemani Eigenmann 1916. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

hilarii, Parodon Reinhardt [J. T.] 1867:62, Pl. 2 (figs. 3-4) [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1866; ref. 3694] Rio das Velhas, Lagoa Santa, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMUC 9223. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:45 [ref. 9588]. •Valid as Parodon hilarii Reinhardt 1867 -- (Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663], Jesus & Moreira-Filho 2000:75 [ref. 24467], Britski 2001:20 [ref. 26046], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061] dated 1866, Ingenito & Buckup 2005:770 [ref. 28479], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:728 [ref. 31702], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Pavanelli 2024:395 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Parodon hilarii Reinhardt 1867. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ibitiensis, Apareiodon Amaral Campos [A.] 1944:173, Fig. [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 4 (no. 11); ref. 13165] Rio Camanducaia, Monte Alegre, São Paulo State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3411. Type catalog: Britski 1969:202 [ref. 12401]. •Valid as Apareiodon ibitiensis Amaral Campos 1944 -- (Garavello 1977:454 [ref. 7250], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663] as cf. ibitiensis, Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Pavanelli 2006:89 [ref. 28544], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon ibitiensis Amaral Campos 1944. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná and upper São Francisco River basins (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

itapicuruensis, Apareiodon Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] in Eigenmann 1916:72, Pl. 11 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (nos 1-2) (art. 5); ref. 1234] Rio Paiaiá, tributary of Rio Itapicuru, Estado da Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56988 [ex CM 5804]. Paratypes: CAS 6758 [ex IU 13542] (3); FMNH 14919 (1), 56989-90 (3, 4); plus additional material. Type catalog: Henn 1928:55 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:9 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apareiodon itapicuruensis Eigenmann & Henn 1916 -- (Garavello 1977:453 [ref. 7250], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:42 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon itapicuruensis Eigenmann & Henn 1916. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: coastal basins, Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

machrisi, Apareiodon Travassos [H.] 1957:147, Figs. 1-3 [Revista Brasileira de Biologia v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 12122] Ribeirão Cristalino, Fazenda Oliver, Amaro Leite, Estado de Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 8932. Paratypes: MNRJ 8933 (1), 8940 (1). Pavanelli & Britski 2003:340 [ref. 26907] say there were 8 paratypes; not researched. •Valid as Apareiodon machrisi Travassos 1957 -- (Garavello 1977:454 [ref. 7250], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Pavanelli & Britski 2003:338 [ref. 26907], Ramos et al. 2014:3 [ref. 35321], Koerber et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon machrisi Travassos 1957. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins-Araguaia River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

magdalenensis, Parodon Londoño-Burbano [A.], Román-Valencia [C.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2011:721, Fig. 8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 31702] Norcasia, middle río Magdalena drainage, río La Miel at escape tunnel, río Magdalena, 5°34'N, 74°53'W, Caldas, Colombia, elevation 720 meters. Holotype: ICNMHN 17099. Paratypes: many at ICNMHN and IUQ. Plus additional non-type specimens. Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:26 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Parodon magdalenensis Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn 2011 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Parodon magdalenensis Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn 2011. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: middle Magdalena River and upper Cauca River drainages, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

medellinense, Parodon Posada [A.] 1909:299 [Los peces del norte de Colombia; ref. 5005] Medellín, Colombia. No types known. •Synonym of Parodon caliensis Boulenger 1895 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061]). •Status uncertain in Parodon or Saccodon -- (Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:727 [ref. 31702]). Current status: Synonym of Parodon caliensis Boulenger 1895. Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

mogiguacuensis, Apareiodon Travassos [H.] 1952:313, Figs. 1-6 [Revista Brasileira de Biologia v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 12721] Cachoeira do Espraiado, Rio Mogi-Guaçu, Primera Cachoeira Grande depois de Soledade, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 6240. •Valid as Apareiodon mogiguacuensis Travassos 1952 -- (Garavello 1977:454 [ref. 7250], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109]). •Synonym of Apareiodon ibitiensis Amaral Campos 1944 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:46 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Apareiodon ibitiensis Amaral Campos 1944. Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

moreirai, Parodon Ingenito [L. F. S.] & Buckup [P. A.] 2005:766, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2005 (no. 4); ref. 28479] Ribeirão do Salto, at Salto near wooden bridge, 22°26'55S, 45°20'47'W, Município de Delfim Moreira, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 23583 [ex. MNRJ 22557]. Paratypes: MNRJ 22207 (, 1 c&s), 22557 (3), 23817 (8). •Valid as Parodon moreirai Ingenito & Buckup 2005 -- (Pavanelli 2024:396 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Parodon moreirai Ingenito & Buckup 2005. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

nasus, Parodon Kner [R.] 1859:167 [31], Pl. 7 [not 8] (fig. 17) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 17; ref. 2631] Rio Cuiabá, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 56545 (2). On p. 31 of separate. •Valid as Parodon nasus Kner 1859 -- (Britski et al. 1999:70 [ref. 24147], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Bellafronte et al. 2005:710 [ref. 28677], Koerber 2011:1 [ref. 31122], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:728 [ref. 31702], Koerber 2014:1 [ref. 33621] not in Argentina, Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Parodon nasus Kner 1859. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

orinocensis, Apareiodon Bonilla [A.], Machado-Allison [A.], Silvera [C.], Chernoff [B.], López [H.] & Lasso [C. A.] 1999:2, Figs. 1-2 [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 25109] Raudal Dimoshi, Río Tabaro, BO, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-29170 [not 27160]. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-26669 (7), 26730 (2); MHNLS-8771 (2). •Valid as Apareiodon orinocensis Bonilla, Machado-Allison, Silvera, Chernoff, López & Lasso 1999 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897], DoNascimiento 2016:530 [ref. 34727]). •Valid as Parodon orinocensis (Bonilla, Machado-Allison, Silvera, Chernoff, López & Lasso 1999) -- (Ingenito et al. 2012:562 [ref. 32206], Pavanelli 2024:396 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Parodon orinocensis (Bonilla, Machado-Allison, Silvera, Chernoff, López & Lasso 1999). Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

paraguayensis, Parodon Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:6 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Asuncion, Rio Paraguay, eastern Brazil. Holotype: CAS 6765 [ex IU 9953]. Paratypes and additional material: CAS 6759 [IU 9953a] (14), 6769 [IU 9952] (7), 6770 [IU 9975] (3), 6785 [IU 10237] (14); MNRJ [ex USNM 1641] (1); USNM 1641 (orig. 2, now 0), 2108 (2), 120193 [ex IU 9952] (3); ZMB 16948 (3), 16952 (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:33 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Apareiodon paraguayensis (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109]). •Synonym of Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner 1879) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:46 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner 1879). Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

piracicabae, Parodon Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:6 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Piracicaba, Piracicaba River, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 6763 [ex IU 9292]. Paratypes: CAS 6771 [IU 9292a] (1), USNM 120192 [IU 9292a] (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:33 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Apareiodon piracicabae (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Garavello 1977:453 [ref. 7250], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Miquelarena et al. 1997:69 [ref. 23469], Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Miquelarena et al. 2002:76 [ref. 26517], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:10 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Pavanelli 2006:89 [ref. 28544], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2023:133 [ref. 40464]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon piracicabae (Eigenmann 1907). Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle Paraná and upper São Francisco River basins (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

pirassunungae, Apareiodon Amaral Campos [A.] 1945:442, Fig. 8 [Arquivos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 4 (no. 11); ref. 13139] Rio Mogi Guaçu, Pirassununga, Cachoeira, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3469. Paratypes: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3487 (8, missing). Type catalog: Britski 1969:200, 203 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:450 [ref. 23140]. •Synonym in Parodon -- (Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014]). •Synonym of Parodon nasus Kner 1859 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Parodon nasus Kner 1859. Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pongoense, Apareiodon Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:286, Pl. 14 (fig. 7) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Forest brook, foothills at Pongo de Manseriche, Marañón River drainage, Peru. Holotype: CAS 6757. Paratypes: CAS 38567-68 (1, 1); USNM 167806 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:5 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Apareiodon pongoensis Allen 1942 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109]). •Valid as Parodon pongoensis (Allen 1942) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Ingenito & Buckup 2005:769 [ref. 28479], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:723 [ref. 31702], Barriga Salazar 2014:104 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Parodon pongoensis (Allen 1942). Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River and upper Orinoco River basins (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

suborbitale, Parodon Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:51, Pl. 637 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-1807 [ex MNHN B-29995]. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2995 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:37 [ref. 19577]. Lectotype selected by Starnes 1983 but this was not published (W. Starnes, pers. comm. Oct. 2008); not published in the Catalog of Fishes prior database versions either. The specimen Starnes selected was isolated and recataloged by MNHN. Lectotype selected by Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:725 [ref. 31702]. •Mention -- (Taphorn 1992:479 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:70 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Parodon suborbitale Valenciennes 1850 -- (Galvis et al. 1997:34 [ref. 23651], Bonilla et al. 1999:7 [ref. 25109], López et al. 2003:10 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Parodon suborbitalis Valenciennes 1850 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897], Londoño-Burbano et al. 2011:725 [ref. 31702], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:85 [ref. 35773] as aff. suborbitalis). Current status: Valid as Parodon suborbitalis Valenciennes 1850. Parodontidae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

terminalis, Parodon Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:12 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Vinces, western Ecuador. Holotype (?): FMNH 56599 [ex CM 5415]. Paratypes: (10) CAS 6764 (3), 6766 (1), 16017 (1), 16018 (1) [all from IU 13104]; FMNH 56600 (1); USNM 76975 [ex IU] (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:64 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Apareiodon terminalis (Eigenmann & Henn 1914) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Saccodon terminalis (Eigenmann & Henn 1914) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Pavanelli & Starnes 2015:200 [ref. 34056], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:78 [ref. 34894]). Current status: Valid as Saccodon terminalis (Eigenmann & Henn 1914). Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Daule River basin (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

tigrinus, Apareiodon Pavanelli [C. S.] & Britski [H. A.] 2003:345, Fig. 5 [Copeia 2003 (no. 2); ref. 26907] Córrego do Jacaré, close to the bridge, Santa Ritado do Araguaia, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 41430. Paratypes: MZUSP 59616 (16). •Valid as Apareiodon tigrinus Pavanelli & Britski 2003. Current status: Valid as Apareiodon tigrinus Pavanelli & Britski 2003. Parodontidae. Distribution: Upper Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tortuosus, Parodon Eigenmann [C. H.] & Norris [A. A.] 1900:356 [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 4; ref. 1264] Rio Tietê, upper Paraná basin, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 6762 [ex IU 9312]. •Valid as Parodon tortuosus Eigenmann & Norris 1900 -- (Jesus & Moreira-Filho 2000:75 [ref. 24467], López et al. 2003:10 [ref. 27366]). •Valid as Parodon tortuosus Eigenmann & Norris 1900, subspecies tortuosus -- (Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131]). •Synonym of Parodon nasus Kner 1859 -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Bellafronte et al. 2005:710 [ref. 28677], Koerber 2014:1 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:11 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Parodon nasus Kner 1859. Parodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

vittatus, Apareiodon Garavello [J. C.] 1977:449, Fig. 1 [Revista Brasileira de Biologia v. 37 (no. 2); ref. 7250] Rio Iguaçu, Bituruna, Estado do Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 10481. Paratypes: MNRJ 10482-85 (4), MZUSP 12999-13000 (2). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:451 [ref. 23140]. Genus misspelled Apareidon in main heading. •Valid as Apareiodon vittatus Garavello 1977 -- (Starnes & Schindler 1993:755 [ref. 21014], Bonilla et al. 1999:1 [ref. 25109], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:47 [ref. 27061], Koerber et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:2 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon vittatus Garavello 1977. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

vladii, Apareiodon Pavanelli [C. S.] 2006:90, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2006 (no. 1); ref. 28544] Nova Laranjeiras, Rio Piquirí, about 5 kilometers from Paiquerê village, 25°01'40.9"S, 52°27'32.8"W, Paraná State, Brazil, elevation 455 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 85250. Paratypes: MZUSP 85251 (7); NUP 3376 (9). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Apareiodon vladii Pavanelli 2006 -- (Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Apareiodon vladii Pavanelli 2006. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: Piquiri River, upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

wagneri, Saccodon Kner [R.] 1863:225, "Fig. 10" (unpublished) [Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 1863, v. 2; ref. 5002] Ecuador. Holotype (unique): ZSM 210 [old collection] destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:277-278 [ref. 28925]. Also appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner 1864:31, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [ref. 2649]. •Valid as Saccodon wagneri Kner 1863 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:32 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:48 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2008:33 [ref. 29897], Barriga Salazar 2014:105 [ref. 35745], Pavanelli & Starnes 2015:202 [ref. 34056], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:80 [ref. 34894], Valenzuela et al. 2023:94 [ref. 40815], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:119 [ref. 40816]). Current status: Valid as Saccodon wagneri Kner 1863. Parodontidae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages of the Pacific slope (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.