Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Stevardiidae: [ 430 ] records

abalio, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2023:27, Fig. 4 [Revista de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Quindío v. 35 (no. 2); ref. 40431] Campo Verde km 56, F. Bosadre Road, Portillo, Coronel, Ucayali, Peru, 8°50'03"S, 75°34'10"W, elevation 258 meters. Holotype: MUSM 50972. Paratypes: MUSM. •Valid as Bryconamericus abalio Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2023. Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus abalio Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2023. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Ucayali River drainage, Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

adenacanthus, Phallobrycon Menezes [N. A.], Ferreira [K. M.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2009:54, Figs.1-9 [Zootaxa No. 2167; ref. 30293] Campinápolis, rapids in rio Culuene, rio Xingu basin, 13°49'S, 53°15'W, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 98892. Paratypes: MZUSP 98905 (1), 91367 (2), 91952 (8), 92637 (2), 97031 (24), 98899 (2), 98900 (2), 98902 (7), 98903 (13), 98904 (5 + 2 c&s). •Valid as Phallobrycon adenacanthus Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2009 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira et al. 2016:260 [ref. 34905], Camelier 2024:249 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Phallobrycon adenacanthus Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2009. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin, Pará and Mato Grosso States, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

affinis, Creagrutus Steindachner [F.] 1880:79 [27] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 42; ref. 14403] Río Cauca, northern Colombia. Lectotype: NMW 67120.1. Paralectotypes: NMW 67120.2-5 (4). On p. 27 of separate. Lectotype selected by Harold & Vari 1994:25 [ref. 21969]. •Valid as Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:23 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:150 [ref. 30645], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36150], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:12 [ref. 37904], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:16 [ref. 38586], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2021:63 [ref. 38668], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: various streams of the Pacific and Caribbean slopes, Colombia and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

agna, Bryconamericus Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Almirón [A. E.] 2001:276, Figs. 1-2 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 108 (no. 2); ref. 26007] Arroyo Tabay, 27°00'S, 55°10'W, Paraná basin, Municipio Libertador General San Martín, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: FML 3700. Paratypes: ANSP 177871 (4), FML 3200 (2), MHNG 2611.46 (4). •Valid as Bryconamericus agna Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001 -- (Almirón et al. 2001:35 [ref. 26609], Miquelarena et al. 2002:70 [ref. 26517], Casciotta et al. 2002:163 [ref. 26551], López et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26808], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27366], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:582 [ref. 27482], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Mirande 2010:536 [ref. 31006], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus agna Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Paraná River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

albipinnis, Stevardia Gill [T. N.] 1858:425 [65] [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. On p. 65 of separate. •Synonym of Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858 -- (Taphorn 1992:164 [ref. 23654], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

alburnus, Tetragonopterus Hensel [R.] 1870:85 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 36 (pt. 1); ref. 18277] Rio Cadea, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 7477. Diapoma is neuter, but alburnus is an indeclinable noun. •Valid as Astyanax alburnus (Hensel 1870) -- (Malabarba 1987:126 [ref. 11587], Malabarba 1989:128 [ref. 14217], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1053 [ref. 26511], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:244 [ref. 26608], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:107 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:333 [ref. 27401], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565]). •Valid as Cyanocharax alburnus (Hensel 1870) -- (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003:91 [ref. 27141], Mirande 2010:534 [ref. 31006], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Casciotta et al. 2012:39 [ref. 32076], Protogino & Miquelarena 2012:581 [ref. 32123], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565]). •Valid as Diapoma alburnum (Hensel 1870) -- (Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Koerber et al. 2019:3 [ref. 36736], Koerber et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37480], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Ito et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39124], Giora & Wingert 2023:132 [ref. 41026], Koerber et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:64 [ref. 40506]). •Valid as Diapoma alburnus (Hensel 1870) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add.5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:2 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma alburnus (Hensel 1870). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

alegretensis, Cyanocharax Malabarba [L. R.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2003:128, Figs. 4, 7, 9, 15, 39-44 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Sér. Zoologia. v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 27141] Creek on road Santana do Livramento-Alegrete, Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 25974. Paratypes: MCP 11232 (83, 10 c&s), 11473 (34), 11498 (24), 15199 (16); MNRJ 23843 (25); MZUSP 82260 (25); USNM 357245 (25). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Cyanocharax alegretensis Malabarba & Weitzman 2003 -- (Zarucki et al. 2010:191 [ref. 34811], Casciotta et al. 2012:39 [ref. 32076], Protogino & Miquelarena 2012:581 [ref. 32123], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622]). •Valid as Diapoma alegretense (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add.5 [ref. 33893] as alegretensis, Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561] as alegretensis, Koerber & Litz 2016:2 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37480], Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Ito et al. 2022:20 [ref. 39124], Koerber et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:64 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma alegretense (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Brazil and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

alfredae, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1927:394, Pl. 99 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 4); ref. 12292] Río Urubamba at Santa Ana, Peru. Holotype: MCZ 31564 or 30982. Paratypes: CAS 39500 [ex IU 13755] (8); ?MCZ 31564 (1) 30983 (10); FMNH 58440 [ex CM 7440] (5). Additional original material: CAS 39501 [ex IU 17327] (37), 39502 [ex IU 17328] (7), 39503 [ex IU 17329] (4), 39504 [ex IU 17330] (1), 39505 [ex IU 17615] (14); USNM 120246 [ex MCZ 30983] (orig. 5, now 6). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:9 [ref. 19022]. Appeared first in list in Pearson 1924:43 [ref. 3396] without description. •Valid as Bryconamericus alfredae Eigenmann 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137]). •Synonym of Acrobrycon ipanquianus (Cope 1877) -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2023:39 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Synonym of Acrobrycon ipanquianus (Cope 1877). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Habitat: freshwater.

aliata, Stevardia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1914:37 [Indiana University Studies v. 2 (no. 20); ref. 12389] Río Negro at Villavicencio, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56400 [ex CM 5215]. Paratypes: (23, CM and IU) FMNH 56671-72 (1, 11), 56683 (1); not ACS-SU 24659 (2) from Rio Meta. Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:27 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:82 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858 -- (Taphorn 1992:164 [ref. 23654], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1332 [ref. 34415]). Current status: Synonym of Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

alpha, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:7 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Villavicencio, Río Orinoco system, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56646 [ex CM 5463]. Paratypes: (6) CAS 18511 [ex IU 13157] (5), FMNH 56646-47 (1, 1). Non-types: BMNH 1924.3.3.39-40 (2) Barriyona. Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 1999:112 [ref. 24922], Román-Valencia 2003:26 [ref. 27037], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:23, 37 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2005:46 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:24 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068] with wrong authorship, Román-Valencia et al. 2009:1 [ref. 30393], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Mirande 2010:536 [ref. 31006], Román-Valencia 2010:201 [ref. 31063]). •Valid as Knodus alpha (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus alpha (Eigenmann 1914). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

altipinnis, Bergia Steindachner [F.] 1891:173 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 28 (18); ref. 12571] Montevideo, Uruguay. Syntypes: (12) NMW 62745 (4), 62748 (2), 67746 (4). Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1891:366, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [ref. 4236]. •Synonym of Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia 1891 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Malabarba et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37866]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia 1891. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

amoenus, Creagrutus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:239, Fig. 18 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 70499. Paratypes: ANSP 70500-02 (3), 70503 (1 c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:42 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Creagrutus amoenus Fowler 1943 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:58 [ref. 25842], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:145 [ref. 30645], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:94 [ref. 30781], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36150], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2020:371 [ref. 37405], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus amoenus Fowler 1943. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

analis, Piabina Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:8 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] São Luis de Cáceres, upper Rio Paraguay, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 56661 [ex CM 5478]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:67 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:65 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Piabarchus analis (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Britski et al. 1999:36 [ref. 24147], Lima in Reis et al. 2003:153-154 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35267], Lima 2024:254 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piabarchus analis (Eigenmann 1914). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

anary, Creagrutus Fowler [H. W.] 1913:552, Fig. 16 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira, about 200 miles [possibly 20] east of 62°20'W, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39290 (missing). Paratype: ANSP 39291 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:42 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Creagrutus anary Fowler 1913 -- (Géry & Renno 1989:5 [ref. 13420], Chang & Ortega 1995:2 [ref. 24302], Vari & Harold 2001:63 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121-122 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:544 [ref. 31006], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus anary Fowler 1913. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin (Brazil and Peru). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

andaki, Creagrutus Albornoz-Garzón [J. G.], Acosta-Santos [A.], Bogotá-Gregory [J. D.] & Agudelo-Córdoba [E.] 2020:366, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4755 (no. 2); ref. 37405] Río Sucre, km 61, bridge at old road to Neiva, Río Hacha drainage, Río Caquetá basin, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia, 01°47'43.2"N, 75°38'48.9"W, elevation 1,015 meters. Holotype: CIACOL 3462. Paratypes: CIACOL, IAVHP. •Valid as Creagrutus andaki Albornoz-Garzón, Acosta-Santos, Bogotá-Gregory & Agudelo-Córdoba 2020. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus andaki Albornoz-Garzón, Acosta-Santos, Bogotá-Gregory & Agudelo-Córdoba 2020. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Río Caquetá basin, Caquetá, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

andresoi, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2003:33, Figs. 1-2 [Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales v. 155 (for 2001); ref. 27036] San José stream, 1°23'57.5"N, 77°20'35.9"W, tributary of río Juanambú, upper río Patia basin, Los Llanos de Manchabajoy trail, Chacaguí-El Peñol border, Ricaurte District, Municipality of El Tambo, Department of Nariño, Colombia. Holotype: IUQ 447. Paratypes: CAS 70099-101 (192, 19, 34); FMNH 56566-67 (31, 5); IUQ 448-449 (14, 29), uncat. (20). •Valid as Bryconamericus andresoi Román-Valencia 2003 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:25 [ref. 26840] dated 2001, Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:1 [ref. 30393], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Hemibrycon andresoi (Román-Valencia 2003) -- (García-Melo et al. 2018:[2] [ref. 35894], García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon andresoi (Román-Valencia 2003). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: upper Patia River basin, Pacific slope, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

angustus, Knodus Menezes [N. A.], Ferreira [K. M.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2020:4, Figs. 1-5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190139; ref. 37599] Prainha Nova beach in rio Aripuanã at end of road BR-174, Apuí, Amazonas, Brazil, 7°13'49.15"S, 60°39'3.56"W. Holotype: MZUSP 122222. Paratypes: MZUSP 124932 (70); UFRGS 28150 (5). •Valid as Knodus angustus Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2020 -- (Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus angustus Menezes, Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2020. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Aripuanã drainage, Madeira River basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

anhembi, Piabina da Silva [J. F. P.] & Kaefer [C. C.] 2003:55, Figs. 1, 2A [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Sér. Zoologia. v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 27140] Rio Paraitinga na cachoeira da Porteira, afluente do rio Tietê, São Paulo, Brazil, 23°31'37"S, 45°45'52"W. Holotype: MCP 30687. Paratypes: MCP 25270 (36, 7 c&s), MNRJ 23896 (5), MZUSP 59144 (37), USNM 372274 (5). •Valid as Piabina anhembi da Silva & Kaefer 2003 -- (Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:383 [ref. 31395], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Lima 2024:254 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piabina anhembi da Silva & Kaefer 2003. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Tietê River drainage, São Paulo, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

anomalus, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1891:173 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 28 (18); ref. 12571] Paraná River in the vicinity of Corrientes, Argentina. Holotype (unique): NMW 57643. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1891:369, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [ref. 4236]. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia 1891) -- (Carvalho & Santos 2015:146 [ref. 33957], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Koerber & Litz 2016:2 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Synonym of Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia 1891). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

antioquiae, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.], Mancera-Rodriguez [N. J.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2013:1376, Fig. 5 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 61 (no. 3) (dated Sept.); ref. 32877] Antioquia, San Rafael County, below Playas Reservoir, Peñoles Creek, a tributary of the Guatapé River, Middle Magdalena River basin, 6°16'26.7"N, 75°05'22.9"W, Colombia, elevation 1201 meters. Holotype: IUQ 3189. Paratypes: Many at AUM, CSJ, IUW. •Valid as Hemibrycon antioquiae Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Mancera-Rodriguez & García-Alzate 2013 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:44 [ref. 36348]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon antioquiae Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Mancera-Rodriguez & García-Alzate 2013. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: middle Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ardilai, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2021:10, Figs. 2B, 4A, 5C, 7A, 8C, 9C [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 75; ref. 38586] Quebrada a 8 kilómetros del Municipio El Playón, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 919. Paratypes: CAR 323 (8). •Valid as Creagrutus ardilai Ardila Rodríguez 2021 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus ardilai Ardila Rodríguez 2021. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: streams at El Playón, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

argentea, Piabina Reinhardt [J. T.] 1867:50, Pl. 1 [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1866; ref. 3694] Lagoa Santa, upper Rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMUC 253. Paralectotypes: ZMUC 254 (1) Lagoa Santa. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:45 [ref. 9588]. Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:226 [ref. 25842]. •Valid as Piabina argentea Reinhardt 1867 -- (Vari & Harold 1998:256 [ref. 23845], Vari & Harold 2001:224 [ref. 25842], Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], da Silva & Kaefer 2003:58 [ref. 27140], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:544 [ref. 31006], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:383 [ref. 31395], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35267], Jerep & Shibatta 2017:10 [ref. 35610], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37809], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Brandão et al. 2023:105 [ref. 40464], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Lima 2024:255 [ref. 40817], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784], Kampfert et al. 2025:282 [ref. 42023], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:40 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Piabina argentea Reinhardt 1867. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin in northeastern Paraguay and southern Brazil; São Francisco, Itapicuru, Paríba, and Itapemirim River basins (Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

argentinus, Chalcinopelecus Holmberg [E. L.] 1891:190 [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Río Paraguay, Formosa; Buenos Aires, Argentina. No types known. •Synonym of Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia 1891 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Malabarba et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37866]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia 1891. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

argos, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2020:7, Figs. 1-3, 5A, 7A, 8A, 9B-B1, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 71; ref. 37904] Quebrada El Laurel, afluente del río Saldaña, cuenca alta del río Magdalena, municipio del Guamo, Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 900. Paratypes: CAR, ICNMHN. •Valid as Creagrutus argos Ardila Rodríguez 2020 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2021:15 [ref. 38586]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus argos Ardila Rodríguez 2020. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Saldaña River drainage, Magdalena River basin, Tolima, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

arilepis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.] & Ruiz-C. [R. I.] 2008:1755, Fig. 1 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 56 (no. 4); ref. 30068] Pontesuela Creek, at mouth of Coclina Creek, middle Magdalena River basin, Charalá, Santander, Colombia, 6°10'42"N, 73°09'44"W, elevation 1457 meters. Holotype: IUQ 1917. Paratypes: IUQ 920 (3), 1567 (1), 1915 (85). •Valid as Bryconamericus arilepis Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C. 2008 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009:456 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:466 [ref. 30392], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Hemibrycon arilepis (Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C. 2008) -- (García-Melo et al. 2018:[2] [ref. 35894], García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon arilepis (Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C. 2008). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

atopodus, Tyttocharax Böhlke [J. E.] 1958:323, Fig. 1 (bottom) [Copeia 1958 (no. 4); ref. 12373] Río Rondos (tributary of Río Monzón), near Tingo Maria, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 78714. Paratypes: ANSP 78715-16 (2, 1), 78717 (2, stained). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:43 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Scopaeocharax atopodus (Böhlke 1958) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Weitzman & Burns 1997:143 [ref. 24512], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:24 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Scopaeocharax atopodus (Böhlke 1958). Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Peru and Colombia). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

atracaudata, Deuterodon Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1912:68 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 6); ref. 10934] Río Frijoles, Canal Zone, Panama. Holotype (unique): FMNH 7573. Non-types: FMNH (497, 22 localities). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:31 [ref. 12367]. Specific name is an adjective and must agree in gender. •Valid as Gephyrocharax atracaudata (Meek & Hildebrand 1912) -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1332 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). •Valid as Gephyrocharax atracaudatus (Meek & Hildebrand 1912) -- (Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:280 [ref. 24413] as atricaudatus, Vanegas-Ríos 2016:9 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], Ferreira et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35911] as atracaudata). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax atracaudatus (Meek & Hildebrand 1912). Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

atratus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:66, Figs. 24-25 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Caqueza, tributary To Río Negro, about 2 kilometers upstream of village of Caqueza, Río Meta basin, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 4158. Paratypes: ANSP 134080 (5); NRM 16842-43 (19, 15); USNM 353866-67 (5, 5). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:14 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Creagrutus atratus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:95 [ref. 30781], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:88 [ref. 35773]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus atratus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

atrisignum, Creagrutus Myers [G. S.] 1927:116 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Upper Rio Maranhão, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 41339 [ex IU 17679]. Paratypes: CAS 41340 [ex IU 17680] (7), MCZ 31571 (1). •Valid as Creagrutus atrisignum Myers 1927 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:69 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018:255 [ref. 35759]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus atrisignum Myers 1927. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Maranhão River basin in Tocantins River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

aurocaudatus, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:26 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Boquia, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56882 [ex CM 5162]. Paratypes: (9, CM and IU) CAS 68647 [ex IU 12911] (5), FMNH 56883 (3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:60 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:12 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann 1913 -- (Ruiz-C. & Román-Valenca 2006:50 [ref. 28891], Marinho & Birindelli 2013:46 [ref. 32569], Marinho & Ohara 2013:476 [ref. 32713]). •Valid as Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:120 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:747 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

barberi, Mimagoniates Regan [C. T.] 1907:402 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 52); ref. 3631] Arroyo Yâcá [Yhaca, Yuca], 25°39'S, 56°53'W, Estación Caballero, Paraguay. Lectotype: BMNH 1907.10.22.5. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1907.10.22.6-8 (3), 1907.22.6.9 (1); USNM 179827 [ex BMNH 1907.10.22.7-8] (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. Lectotype selected by Schultz 1959:63 [ref. 39721]. •Valid as Mimagoniates barberi Regan 1907 -- (Schultz 1959:63 [ref. 39721], Menezes & Weitzman 1990:385 [ref. 16172], Weitzman et al. 1996:191 [ref. 24771], Britski et al. 1999:49 [ref. 24147], Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:279 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:330 [ref. 30495] in Glandulocaudinae, Mantinian & Miquelarena 2010:416 [ref. 30959], Koerber 2011:2 [ref. 31122], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2012:784 [ref. 32131], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Mimagoniates barberi Regan 1907. Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: left bank tributaries of río Paraguay and tributaries of rio Paraná, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

barrigai, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:71, Fig. 27 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Aguarico, near San Pablo de Kantesiya, 0°15'18"S, 76°25'30"W, Sucumbios, Ecuador. Holotype: MEPN 4621. Paratypes: MEPN uncat. (10), 5252 (7); USNM 340976 (8, 2 c&s), 340977-78 (4, 3). •Valid as Creagrutus barrigai Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus barrigai Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

baudoensis, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1944:231, Figs. 3-4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 96; ref. 1452] Río Baudó, Chocó Province, Colombia, elevation 1200 feet. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71425. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:43 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370], Román-Valencia 2003:28 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Malabarba 2024:155 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

bayano, Eretmobrycon Fink [W. L.] 1976:334, Figs. 1-4 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 88 (no. 30); ref. 1330] Pool in small stream about 19 kilometers along road from El Llano to Carti, Río Bayano basin, Panama. Holotype: USNM 213842. Paratypes: ANSP 130186 (2); BMNH 1975.2.3.1-2 (2); CAS 31895 (2); MCZ 52132 [ex USNM 213843] (2); MZUSP 14049-51 [ex USNM 213843] (3); UMMZ [ex USNM 213843] (3, not found); USNM 213843 (orig. 22, now 14); ZMA 113490 (2). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:17 [ref. 19236], Böhlke 1984:43 [ref. 13621], Vari & Howe 1991:21 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:466 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Bryconamericus bayano (Fink 1976) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Vanegas-Rios 2009:393 [ref. 30843], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:1 [ref. 30393]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon bayano Fink 1976 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon bayano Fink 1976. Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: Central America: upper Bayano River basin, Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

beni, Creagrutus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:172, Pl. 6 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Río Beni at Villa Bella, Amazon system, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): FMNH 54585 [ex CM 3216] (poor condition). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367]. No longer known from Argentina -- Koerber 2012:10 [ref. 32229]. •Valid as Creagrutus beni Eigenmann 1911 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Géry & Renno 1989:5 [ref. 13420], Taphorn 1992:167 [ref. 23654] as cf beni, Harold et al. 1994:979 [ref. 22027], Vari & Harold 2001:75 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:149 [ref. 30645], Koerber 2011:9 [ref. 31122], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[11] [ref. 35679], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus beni Eigenmann 1911. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon basin, upper Madeira River basin (Bolivia, Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

beni, Hemibrycon Pearson [N. E.] 1924:42, Pl. 2 (fig. 6) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Espia, Bolivia. Syntypes: (48) CAS 44333 [ex IU 17321] (29), 44334 [ex IU 17321] (now 60); UMMZ 66504 (16); USNM 117543 [ex UMMZ 66504 and IU 17321] (2). Additional material: CAS 44335 [ex IU 17347] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:23 [ref. 19022]. Not treated by Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], added in Corrigenda (2005). •Valid as Hemibrycon beni Pearson 1924 -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:739 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:117 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36348], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon beni Pearson 1924. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Río Beni drainage, upper río Madeira basin and Rio Ucayali drainage (Bolivia and Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

beni, Piabina Pearson [N. E.] 1924:45, Pl. 10 (fig. 5) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Río Popoi, Upper Beni, Amazon system, Bolivia. Lectotype: CAS 62272 [ex IU 17317]. Paralectotypes: (10) CAS 87389 [ex CAS 62272] (6); UMML 66495 (3). Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Creagrutus beni Eigenmann 1911, replaced by Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry 1988. Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:180 [ref. 25842]. •Objective synonym of Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry 1988 -- (Vari & Harold 1998:256 [ref. 23845], Vari & Harold 2001:178 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry 1988. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Habitat: freshwater.

beta, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:7 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Villavicencio, Orinoco River system, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56648 [ex CM 5465]. Paratypes: (9) CAS 39492 [ex IU 13158] (4), FMNH 56649 (4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann 1914 -- (Taphorn 1992:137 [ref. 23654], Galvis et al. 1997:43 [ref. 23651], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento 2016:537 [ref. 34727]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:37 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus alpha (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus alpha (Eigenmann 1914). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

binghami, Ceratobranchia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1927:357, Pl. 96 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 4); ref. 12292] Río Urubamba in district Santa Ana, Departamento del Cuzco, Peru [probably 12°51'52.2"S, 72°41'36.5"W]. Holotype: MCZ 31561. Paratypes: CAS 40849 [ex IU 13758] (6), 40850 (79) + 40851 (119) [ex IU 16049]; FMNH 58063-64 (2, 3); MCZ 30990-92 (2, 11, 1); MNHN 1980-1429 (1); ZMA 113834 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:15 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:21 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Ceratobranchia binghami Eigenmann 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Chernoff & Machado-Allison 1990:280 [ref. 19495], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:120 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137], Netto-Ferreira 2024:125 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ceratobranchia binghami Eigenmann 1927. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Ecuador, Peru and Colombia). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

boehlkei, Creagrutus Géry [J.] 1972:63, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [Acta Humboldtiana (Series Geologica, Palaeontologica et Biologica Nr. 2) No. 2; ref. 1595] Amazon River basin, eastern Ecuador (no specific locality). Holotype: ZSM 28428a. Paratypes: (19) MTD 27515 (1) ZMH H 1757 (2), H 1758 (10, now 8), H 1868 (1); ZSM 28428b (2), 28428c (2, missing). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013], Zarske 2003:16 [ref. 27474], Neumann 2011:244 [ref. 31652]. •Synonym of Creagrutus amoenus Fowler 1943 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:58 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Creagrutus amoenus Fowler 1943. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Habitat: freshwater.

boehlkei, Tyttocharax Géry [J.] 1965:195, Pls. 18-19 (figs. 20-21) [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 46 (no. 3); ref. 1586] Igarapé Préto, along upper Amazon River, near Belem, about 60 kilometers below Leticia, Brazil. Holotype (unique): SMF 7208. •Synonym of Tyttocharax cochui (Ladiges 1949) -- (Weitzman & Burns 1997:144 [ref. 24512], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Menezes & Camelier 2024:284 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Tyttocharax cochui (Ladiges 1949). Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bolivari, Creagrutus Schultz [L. P.] 1944:334, Fig. 49 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 95 (no. 3181); ref. 3960] Río Guárico and tributaries between San Sebastián and San Casimiro, State of Aragua, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121497. Paratypes: USNM 121498 (orig. 90, now 82), UMMZ 145040 [ex USNM 121498] (3), MCZ [ex USNM 121498] (5). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:15 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Creagrutus bolivari Schultz 1944 -- (Taphorn 1992:170 [ref. 23654], Vari & Harold 2001:63 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento 2016:529 [ref. 34727], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:88 [ref. 35773], Moreno-Burbano et al. 2025:13 [ref. 42549]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus bolivari Schultz 1944. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). IUCN (2021): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

bolivianus, Bryconamericus Pearson [N. E.] 1924:43, Pl. 10 (fig. 4) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Río Colorado, Lower Bopi, Bolivia. Syntypes: (9) CAS 39506 [ex IU 17349] (1), CAS 39507 [ex IU 17349] (4), ?UMMZ 66513 (3). Additional original material: CAS 39508 [ex IU 17350] (2) & CAS 39509 [ex IU 17351] (now 5). •Valid as Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson 1924 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32807], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson 1924. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Beni River basin (Bolivia) and Urubamba and Pirotón River drainages, Loreto (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

boops, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:105 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Maldonado on Río de la Plata, Uruguay. Holotype (unique): MCZ 20700 (deformed specimen). •Synonym of Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger 1887) -- (Malabarba & Kindel 1995:684 [ref. 21922], Braga 1998:26 [ref. 24111], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger 1887). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

boquiae, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:20 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Boquia [= Boquilla?], at western base of Mount Tolima, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56259 [ex CM 5059]. Paratypes: (21, CM and IU) CAS 44332 [ex IU 12831] (10), FMNH 56260 (10). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:43 [ref. 12367]. Name originally published as "Bryconamericus or Hemibrycon boquiae spec. nov.?" Also see Hemibrycon boquillae Eigenmann 1922, which is an unjustified emendation. •Valid as Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], Ruiz-C. & Román-Valenca 2006:60 [ref. 28891], Román-Valencia et al. 2006:210 [ref. 28983], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:129 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008:73 [ref. 29744], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:78 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:29 [ref. 30722], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010:340 [ref. 30721], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:103 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:117 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Quindío River drainage, upper Cauca River basin, Quindío, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

boquillae, Hemibrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:152, 153 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Boquia [= Boquilla?], at western base of Mount Tolima, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56259 [ex CM 5059]. Paratypes: (21, CM and IU) CAS 44332 [ex IU 12831] (10), FMNH 56260 (10). Unjustified emendation and objective synonym of Bryconamericus boquiae Eigenmann 1913. Original name based on locality given as Boquia but later referred to as Boquilla by Eigenmann 1922:153, corresponding with the change in spelling of the specific name boquillae. Eigenmann 1922:153 included both spellings of the name, making it clearly an intentional change. •Synonym of Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061]). Unjustified Emend.. Current status: Synonym of Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Habitat: freshwater.

borari, Knodus Silva-Oliveira [C.], Canto [A. L. C.] & Ribeiro [F. R. V.] 2023:2, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 103 (no. 1); ref. 40192] Rio Braço Leste, Rio Cupari drainage, Rio Tapajós basin, Rurópolis, Pará, Brazil, 04°07'12.1"S, 55°00'12.0"W. Holotype: UFOPA-I 1364. Paratypes: INPA 59900 (5), UFOPA 1365 (8). •Valid as Knodus borari Silva-Oliveira, Canto & Ribeiro 2023. Current status: Valid as Knodus borari Silva-Oliveira, Canto & Ribeiro 2023. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Cupari drainage, lower Rio Tapajós basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

borki, Knodus Zarske [A.] 2008:160, Figs. 1-3 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29918] Near Iquitos, Peru [imported specimens]. Holotype: MTD F 31357. Paratypes: MHNG 2709/085 (1); MTD F 31358-62 (5); NMW 95153 (1); ZFMK 41480 (1); ZMB 33872 (1). Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:117 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Knodus borki Zarske 2008 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Knodus borki Zarske 2008. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: surroundings of Iquitos (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

bounites, Attonitus Vari [R. P.] & Ortega [H.] 2000:123, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 24436] Río Candamo, 13°24'S, 70°01'W, Zona Reservada Tambopata Candamo, Province Carabaya, Depto de Puno, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 11840. Paratypes: MUSM 4002 (1), 6728 (1), 6758 (1), 10344 (7), 10365 (3), 10758 (2), 11219 (2), 11688 (6), 12755 (10), 12935 (3); USNM 349701 (10, 1 c&s), 349703 (1), 349705 (1), 349709 (2), 349711-12 (2, 5), 349715 (4). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Attonitus bounites Vari & Ortega 2000 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:113 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745] as cf. bounites, Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Attonitus bounites Vari & Ortega 2000. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

branickii, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1879:151 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 15) (for 19 June 1879); ref. 20478] Zurumilla, Ecuador-Peru border. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57258 (2). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:169 [p. 21 in separate], Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [ref. 18782]. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:287 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon brevirostris (Günther 1860) -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2023:41 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon brevirostris (Günther 1860). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

breviceps, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:105 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Rio Tocantins, Goiás, Brazil. Syntypes: (many) MCZ 20692 (2), USNM 120274 [ex MCZ 20692] (4). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus breviceps Eigenmann 1908 -- (Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Román-Valencia 2005:47 [ref. 28949]). •Valid as Knodus breviceps (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Mirande 2010:536 [ref. 31006], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137], Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus breviceps (Eigenmann 1908). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia). IUCN (2021): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

brevipinnis, Creagrutus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:10 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Piedra de Moler, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56095 [ex CM 4887a]. Paratypes: (105, CM and IU) CAS 41341-42 [ex IU 12728-29] (12, 5), 41375 [ex IU 12730] (8); FMNH 56096-98 (10, 5, 10), 75172 (34); USNM 79188 (4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:15 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann 1913 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:18 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Román-Valencia 1998:783 [ref. 27073], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:148 [ref. 30645], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:348 [ref. 36150], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:13 [ref. 37904], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:16 [ref. 38586], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus brevipinnis Eigenmann 1913. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Cauca River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

brevirostris, Chalceus Günther [A.] 1860:420 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1859 (pt 3) (art. 7); ref. 18210] Western Andes of Ecuador. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.6.16.166 (1), 1860.6.16.196 (1). Note on types by Román-Valencia et al. 2023:41 [ref. 40431]. •Valid as Bryconamericus brevirostris (Günther 1860) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:28 [ref. 37559], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:1 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2011:844 [ref. 31565], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Román-Valencia et al. 2015:244 [ref. 34022], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:129 [ref. 34894]). • Valid as Eretmobrycon brevirostris (Günther 1860) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:41 [ref. 40431], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:125 [ref. 40816], Valenzuela et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40815], Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon brevirostris (Günther 1860). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Pacific coastal drainages (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

brevispini, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Arcila-Mesa [D. K.] 2009:80, Figs. 1-3 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation vol. 32 (no. 2); ref. 30718] Alto Cauca, Rio Quindio, La Vernada Creek, afluent of Santo Domingo River, 200 meters on road to Quegrada Negra locality, 4°26'47"N, 75°41'02"W, Quindio, Colombia, elevation 1278-1304 meters. Holotype: IUQ 2008. Paratypes: IUQ 542 (40), 883 (6), 1453 (5). •Valid as Hemibrycon brevispini Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009:29 [ref. 30722], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010:340 [ref. 30721], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:103 [ref. 30945] as brevispinni, Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:117 [ref. 33572], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). •Probable synonym of Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:19 [ref. 33893], García-Melo et al. 2018:[3] [ref. 35894]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon brevispini Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper Cauca River system, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

britskii, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:83, Fig. 31 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Ribeirão Macambira, about 14°20'S, 46°45'W, near bridge on highway GO 112, Iaciara, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 40537. Paratypes: MNRJ 13048 (6); MZUSP 46546 (18), 50540 (12); USNM 292214 (3), 292226 (13), 340952 (4, 2 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus britskii Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018:255 [ref. 35759]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus britskii Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

britskii, Planaltina Menezes [N. A.], Weitzman [S. H.] & Burns [J. R.] 2003:579, Figs. 30-36 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 116 (no. 3); ref. 27327] Município de São José do Rio Preto, córrego da Barra Funda, tributary of rio Preto and tributary of rio Turvo, tributary of rio Grande, about 20°37'S. 49°23'W, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 62757. Paratypes: DZSJRP 656 (7), 668 (7), 670 (3), 674 (5); LIRP 2255 (1); MZUSP 26911 (10), 27138 (2), 62758-64 (5, 4, 10, 6, 3, 4, 2); USNM 367195 (1). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:442 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Planaltina britskii Menezes, Weitzman & Burns 2003 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2018:17 [ref. 35939], dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Planaltina britskii Menezes, Weitzman & Burns 2003. Stevardiidae: Planaltininae. Distribution: South America: Grande, São José dos Dourados and Tietê river basins, as well as smaller tributaries of Rio Paraná in State of São Paulo and from upper rio Paraná floodplain (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

bucayensis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2013:130, Figs. 1-2 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32807] Guayas, Rio Bucay 3 km upstream from bridge on Naranjal-Machala road, 79°42'31'' W, 2°39'45''S, Ecuador, elevation 80 meters. Holotype: MEPN 11125. Paratypes: IUQ, MEPN. •Valid as Bryconamericus bucayensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., D. C. Taphorn & García-Alzate 2013 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Román-Valencia et al. 2015:244 [ref. 34022], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:131 [ref. 34894]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus bucayensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2013. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Guayas, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

burnsi, Lepidocharax Ferreira [K. M.], Menezes [N. A.] & Quagio-Grassiotto [I.] 2011:286, Figs. 7-9 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 31387] Rio Paraopeba, São Francisco basin, ca. 20°09'S, 44°10"W, Brumadinho, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 45718. Paratypes: many at CPUFMT, LIRP, MCP, MZUSP. Plus non-type specimens. The specimen depicted by Ferreira et al. 2011:286 fig. 7 [ref. 31387] is not the holotype, as the caption claims, but the paratype MCP 31798. See Deprá et al. 2018:19 [ref. 35939] fig. 8a for the holotype. •Valid as Lepidocharax burnsi Ferreira, Menezes & Quagio-Grassiotto 2011 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2018:18 [ref. 35939], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:39 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocharax burnsi Ferreira, Menezes & Quagio-Grassiotto 2011. Stevardiidae: Planaltininae. Distribution: South America: upper rio São Francisco and rio Doce basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cacique, Creagrutus Flausino Junior [N.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2019:2, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 166 (no. 1); ref. 36726] Rio Culuene, fish ladder of Paranatinga II hydroelectric dam, Campinápolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°50'58"S, 53°15'22"W. Holotype: ZUEC 15770. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, LBP, ZUEC. •Valid as Creagrutus cacique Flausino Junior & Lima 2019. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus cacique Flausino Junior & Lima 2019. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Rio Xingu basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

caerulea, Glandulocauda Menezes [N. A.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2009:317 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 3); ref. 30495] Rio Iguaçu, ca. 25°43'S, 49°44'W, Serrinha, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54895 [ex CM 3557]. Paratypes: (5, CM) CAS 60470 (2), USNM 177725 [ex FMNH 54896] (1), FMNH 54896 (3, now 2). Replacement name for Glandulocauda melanopleura Eigenmann 1911, secondarily preoccupied in Glandulocauda by Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis 1911. See Menezes & Weitzman 2009:323 [ref. 30495] for remarks on the type locality. •Valid as Glandulocauda caerulea Menezes & Weitzman 2009 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Glandulocauda caerulea Menezes & Weitzman 2009. Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

cairoense, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Arcila-Mesa [D. K.] 2009:84, Figs. 5-6 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation vol. 32 (no. 2); ref. 30718] Quinchia, El Cairo locality, upper Cauca River system, Ramirez Creek, afluent of Italica Creek, Quinchia road to El Cairo, 200 meters from bridge, 5°21'43"N, 75°43'43"W, elevation 1842 meters. Holotype: IUQ 2009. Paratypes: IUQ 534 (63), 537 (2, c&s). Hemibrycon is masculine, therefore mandatory correction to cairoensis. •Valid as Hemibrycon cairoensis Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009 (often as cairoense) -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009:30 [ref. 30722], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010:340 [ref. 30721], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:104 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:117 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633] as cairoense). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon cairoensis Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper Cauca River system, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

calai, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:85, Fig. 32 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Unnamed stream on Rancho El Viento, across Río Meta from Puerto Lopez, 4°08'N, 72°39'W, Meta, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 130527. Paratypes: ANSP 139149 (18), 177718 (12); NRM 16848-49 (1, 10), 43015-16 (2, 5); USNM 353304 (4, 2 c&s), 353307 (4), 353868 (2). Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:406 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:95 [ref. 30781], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:351 [ref. 36150], Moreno-Burbano et al. 2025:14 [ref. 42549]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus calai Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: western Meta River basin (eastern Colombia). IUCN (2021): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

calamar, Chrysobrycon Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.], Urbano-Bonilla [A.] & Sánchez-Garcés [G. C.] 2024:677, Figs. 1-4 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 2); ref. 41166] Caño Toño, Río Unilla, Calamar, upper Río Vaupés, San José del Guaviare, Guaviare Department, Colombia, 2°09'50"N, 72°50'16"W, elevation circa 250 meters. Holotype: MPUJ 18618. Paratypes: ICNMHN, MLP, MPUJ. •Valid as Chrysobrycon calamar Vanegas-Ríos, Urbano-Bonilla & Sánchez-Garcés 2024 -- (Silva-Oliveira et al. 2025:10 [ref. 41972]). Current status: Valid as Chrysobrycon calamar Vanegas-Ríos, Urbano-Bonilla & Sánchez-Garcés 2024. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Vaupés River drainage, western Amazon River basin, Guaviare Department, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

caldasi, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2014:111, Figs. 1-2 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 37 (no. 2); ref. 33608] Caldas, San José County, Middle Cauca River basin, La Libertad Creek, two hundred meters from La Libertad School, on the San José-Araunca road, 5°63'07.4"N, 75°45'53.6"W, Colombia, elevation 1124 meters. Holotype: IUQ 3714. Paratypes: IUQ 3225 (9), 3772 (2 C&S), 3229 (17), 3691 (1), 3723 (14). •Synonym of Hemibrycon caucanus (Eigenmann 1913) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761], Bertaco 2024:166 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Bryconamericus caldasi Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2014 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Uncertain as Bryconamericus caldasi Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2014. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: middle Cauca River basin, Caldas, Colombia [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.

caquetae, Knodus Fowler [H. W.] 1945:94, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Morelia, Río Caquetá drainage, Colombia [probably Bodoquero River, near the town of Morelia]. Holotype: ANSP 71670. Paratype: ANSP 71671 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus hypopterus Fowler 1943 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[12] [ref. 35679]). •Valid as Knodus caquetae Fowler 1945 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893]). •Synonym of Bryconacidnus hypopterus (Fowler 1943). Current status: Uncertain as Knodus caquetae Fowler 1945. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Caquetá River basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

cardalensis, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.], Mancera-Rodriguez [N. J.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2013:1373, 3b, 4 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 61 (no. 3) (dated Sept.); ref. 32877] Antioquia, border between Municipio de San Rafael and San Carlos, above Playas Reservoir, El Vardal Creek, tributary of Guatapé River, middle section of the Magdalena River drainage, 6°16'56.4"N. 74°55'37.7"W. Colombia, elevation 898 meters. Holotype: IUQ 3190. Paratypes: Many from AUM, CSJ, IUQ. Treated as a noun in apposition. •Valid as Hemibrycon cardalensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Mancera-Rodriguez & García-Alzate 2013 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon cardalensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Mancera-Rodriguez & García-Alzate 2013. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

carlosi, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2003:478, Figs. 1-2 [Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Science Naturali - Torino v. 20 (no. 2); ref. 27478] Rio Napo, vicinity of Mondana, 1°51'S, 74°45'W, Amazon river basin, Napo, Ecuador. Holotype: STRI 1321. Paratypes: IUQ 396 (15), 397 (6), 399 (1), 409 (1), 460 (1, c&s); STRI 1322 (10); ZMH 1476 (1), 1755 (1), 1756 (12), 2260 (2). •Valid as Bryconamericus carlosi Román-Valencia 2003 -- (Román-Valencia 2005:49 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:1 [ref. 30393], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus carlosi Román-Valencia 2003. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Ecuador and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

carrilloi, Hemibrycon Dahl [G.] 1960:467, Fig. [Caldasia v. 8 (no. 39); ref. 9310] Quebrada La Noche, tributary to upper Atrato, western Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN (apparently lost). Paratypes: (4) ICNMHN 126 (3). Type catalog: Cala 1981:3 [ref. 23525], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:15 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Hemibrycon carrilloi Dahl 1960 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon carrilloi Dahl 1960. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper Altrato River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

cascajalensis, Bryconamericus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1916:284, Pl. 19 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 15); ref. 2962] Río Cascajal at Porto Bello, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 8946. Paratypes: CAS 39438 [ex IU 14016] (1); FMNH 12217-20 (4), 12221-40 (20), 55237 (1); USNM 78448 (orig. 19, now 17). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

caucanus, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:17 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Piedra Moler, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56229 [ex CM 5031a]. Paratypes: (295, CM and IU) CAS 39510-15 [ex IU 12795-800] (29, 9, 2, 6, 12, 5); FMNH 56228 (6), 56230-34 (25, 12, 2, 11), 69792 (42); UMMZ 63039 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann 1913 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Román-Valencia 2000:453 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2001:474 [ref. 25946], Román-Valencia 2003:18, 25 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2003:46 [ref. 27036], Román-Valencia & Muñoz 2001:459 [ref. 27074], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Ruiz-C. & Román-Valenca 2006:60 [ref. 28891], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:456, 1 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:466 [ref. 30392], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608]). •Valid as Hemibrycon caucanus (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:19 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633], García-Melo et al. 2018:[2] [ref. 35894], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:15 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon caucanus (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin, Departamento del Cauca, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

caucanus, Creagrutus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:9 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Paila, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56104 [ex CM 4895a]. Paratypes: (70, CM and IU) CAS 41373-74 [ex IU 12736-37] (10, 1), 69304 [ex IU 12738] (8); FMNH 56105-08 (6, 10, 1, 2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Creagrutus caucanus Eigenmann 1913 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:5 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:144 [ref. 30645], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:348 [ref. 36150]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus caucanus Eigenmann 1913. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Cauca River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

caucanus, Gephyrocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:24 [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Cartago, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56012 [ex CM 4802]. Paratypes: (58, CM and IU) CAS 44275-77 [ex IU 12668-70] (10, 4, 4); FMNH 56013-15 (12, 5, 3), 69553 (6), 95008 (11); USNM 81921 (12). Type catalog: Henn 1928:67 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:38 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:21 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax caucanus Eigenmann 1912 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2013:276 [ref. 32748], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:16 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax caucanus Eigenmann 1912. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Upper Cauca River basin and Lake Calima, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

caudovittatus, Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Inger [R. F.] 1956:435 [Fieldiana Zoology v. 34 (no. 37); ref. 12201] Río Abácapa, west side of Chimantá-tepui, Venezuela, elevation 1300 feet. Holotype: FMNH 45706. Paratypes: FMNH 45707 (12). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914, but a valid subspecies as described but with question -- (Taphorn 1992:140 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Ferreira 2024:211 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

cerritulus, Creagrutus Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Vari [R. P.] 2017:369, Figs. 1-4 [Copeia v. 105 (no. 2); ref. 35453] Río Cachiyacu, tributary of Río Huallaga, Shapaja, Tocache, San Martin, Peru, 8°17'37"S, 76°21'05"W, elevation 520 meters. Holotype: MUSM 54501 (ex-MHNG 2725.023). Paratypes: MHNG, MPEG, MUSM. •Valid as Creagrutus cerritulus Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2017. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus cerritulus Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2017. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Río Huallaga drainage, Amazon basin, eastern Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

changae, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:88, Fig. 34 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río San Alejandro, a tributary of Río Sungarayacu, just above junction with Río sungarayacu, about 9°23'S, 75°11'W, Provincia Pachitea, Huanuco, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 8858. Paratypes: FMNH 84265 (10), MUSM 8859 (16), ROM 72378 (10), USNM 285276 (14, 2 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus changae Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus changae Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: western tributaries of Ucayali River in depts. Junin, Pasco and Huanuco (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

chapadae, Astyanax Fowler [H. W.] 1906:349, Fig. 33 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Headwaters of Rio Paraguay, near Santa Ana da Chapada [or ? headwaters of the Rio Tocantins], Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 21828 (caudal fin damaged). Paratype: ANSP 21829 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus chapadae (Fowler 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1999:30 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Knodus chapadae (Fowler 1906) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus chapadae (Fowler 1906). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraguay River basin, Brazil and Bolivia and Tocantins basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

chaparae, Gephyrocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1940:70, 91, Figs. 25-27 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Río Chapare, Río Madeira system, Cochabamba, Bolivia, elevation 1000 feet. Holotype: ANSP 68967. Paratypes: ANSP 68968-78 (11, mixed in jar with 69161-74 not listed in publication as paratypes), 68979 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax chaparae Fowler 1940 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). •Synonym of Gephyrocharax major Myers 1929 -- (Vanegas-Ríos 2016:38 [ref. 34359]). Current status: Synonym of Gephyrocharax major Myers 1929. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

chaparensis, Hemibrycon Ruiz-C [R. I.], Román-Valencia [C.], Bastidas [A. M.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2023:229, Fig. 14 [Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 40482] Río San Rafael-Muyurina, Chapare/San Mateo, Mamoré River drainage, Amazon River basin, Bolivia, 17°3'58.7"S, 65°29'14.4"W. Holotype: UMSS 09323. Paratypes: UMSS. •Valid as Hemibrycon chaparensis Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon chaparensis Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Mamoré and Madeira River drainages, Amazon basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

charalae, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2005:50, Figs. 4-6 [Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales v. 65 (no. 163); ref. 28949] El Charal Stream, at Finca El Jaguar, ca. 15 kilometers northeast of Aroa, Rio Aroa System, Yaracuy State, Venezuela, 10°32'56''N 68°58'33''E, elevation 500 meters. Holotype: MHNLS 13504. Paratypes (182): MHNLS 2154 (2), 4716 (37), 4717 (141), uncat. (2). •Valid as Bryconamericus charalae Román-Valencia 2005 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2008:24 [ref. 29743], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus charalae Román-Valencia 2005. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Aroa River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

chocoensis, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:14 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Istmina, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56235 [ex CM 5036]. Paratypes: (311, CM and IU) CAS 39030-33 [ex IU 12939-42] (141, 9, 5, 11); FMNH 56236-41 (28, 3, 10, 3, 6, 11), 69710 (155), 69777 (54); USNM 236096 [ex 76943] (3, c&s), 79173 (4), 249871 [ex 76943] (2, c&s). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Argopleura chocoensis (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:279 [ref. 24413], Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Argopleura chocoensis (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Argopleurinae. Distribution: Upper San Juan River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

chocoensis, Gephyrocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:23 [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Istmina, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56016 [ex CM 4806]. Paratypes: (36, CM and IU) CAS 44278 [ex IU 12671] (9); FMNH 56017 (10), 75130 (15); USNM 76973 (12), 79208 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:67 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:39 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:21 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Argopleura chocoensis (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Weitzman & Burns 1997:138 [ref. 24512]). •Valid as Gephyrocharax chocoensis Eigenmann 1912 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:22 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax chocoensis Eigenmann 1912. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Atrato, León, and San Juan river basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

cijerri, Creagrutus Bisbal [F. J.] & Sánchez [J.] 1997 [v. 1; ref. 25857] •Not available, name only -- (Vari & Harold 2001:3 [ref. 25842]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:443 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Creagrutus. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae.

cimitarraensis, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:15, Figs. 2C, 6B, 8C, 9E, 10B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 88; ref. 40588] Quebrada La Quitiana, afluente de la quabrada Guayabito, cuenca del río Carare, Municipio de Cimitarra, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 990. Paratypes: CAR 988 (8). •Valid as Creagrutus cimitarraensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus cimitarraensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: río Carare drainage, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

cinarucoense, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Ruiz-C. [R. I.] 2008:19, Fig. 1 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 31 (no. 1); ref. 29743] Sand beach, 6°32'55"N, 67°24'58"W, Cinaruco River, Orinoco River basin, Apure State, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 52002. Paratypes: at IUQ and MCNG. Plus non-type material. Specific name should have been cinarucoensis, an adjective. •Valid as Bryconamericus cinarucoensis Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C. 2008 -- (Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816] as cinarucoense). •Valid as Knodus cinarucoensis (Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C. 2008) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893] as cinarucoense, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633] as cinarucoense, Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361] as cinarucoense, Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180] as cinarucoense, Taphorn et al. 2022:17 [ref. 41297] as cf. cinarucoensis). Current status: Valid as Knodus cinarucoensis (Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C. 2008). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela, and Branco River basin, Roraima, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cismontanus, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:4 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Villavicencio, Orinoco system, Colombia. Holotype (unique): FMNH 56642 [ex CM 5459]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 1999:113 [ref. 24922], Román-Valencia 2003:29 [ref. 27037], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:23 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2005:54 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:24 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068] with wrong authorship, Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Román-Valencia 2010:201 [ref. 31063], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773] as cf. cismontanus). •Valid as Knodus cismontanus (Eigenmann 1914) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761]). Current status: Valid as Knodus cismontanus (Eigenmann 1914). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

clausen, Hemibrycon Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2020:5, Figs. 1-2, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 14; ref. 37579] Río Riofrio, sector "La Clausen", afluente del Río de Oro, cuenca alta del Río Lebrija, Magdalena River basin, Municipio de Floridablanca, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1.000 meters. Holotype: CAR 825. Paratypes: CAR, IAVHP, ICN-MHN, MPUJ. •Valid as Hemibrycon clausen Ardila Rodríguez 2020. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon clausen Ardila Rodríguez 2020. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Río Riofrio drainage, Magdalena River basin, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

cochui, Creagrutus Géry [J.] 1964:56, Fig. 12 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 4, Dec.); ref. 2264] Upper Amazon, region surrounding Iquitos, Peru. Holotype: USNM 200426 [ex Géry coll. 400.1]. Paratypes: (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:15 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Creagrutus cochui Géry 1964 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Géry & Renno 1989:5 [ref. 13420], Vari & Harold 2001:91 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:148 [ref. 30645], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018:255 [ref. 35759], Flausino & Lima 2019:7 [ref. 36726], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2020:372 [ref. 37405], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus cochui Géry 1964. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

cochui, Microbrycon Ladiges [W.] in Roloff 1949:337, Figs. 1-2 [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 43 (no. 12); ref. 32871] Upper Amazon, South America. Syntypes: MHNG 2187.75 (1, ex ZSM), ZSM 5894-99 (6 now 5), Type catalog: Weber 1998:8 [ref. 32707], Neumann 2011:246 [ref. 31652]. Also in Arnold 1949:68 [ref. 22892], based on Ladiges description. This appeared first as Ladiges in Roloff 1949 (email from T. Litz, Aug. 19, 2013), but the description in part was taken from Ladiges 1950, and Roloff cited the pages in Ladiges. Also appeared as Microbrycon cuchui Ladiges 1950:306, Figs. 1-3 [ref. 12958] were types were listed. •Valid as Tyttocharax cochui (Ladiges 1949) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708], Weitzman & Ortega 1995:134 [ref. 21874], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2012:519 [ref. 32203], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745] as Tythocharax, Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:25 [ref. 42137], Menezes & Camelier 2024:284 [ref. 40817] dated 1950). Current status: Valid as Tyttocharax cochui (Ladiges 1949). Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

coeruleus, Bryconamericus Jerep [F. C.] & Shibatta [O. A.] 2017:2, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 3) e170028; ref. 35610] Rio Keller, rio Ivaí basin, Marialva, Paraná State, Brazil, 23°38'30.0"S, 51°51'32.0"W. Holotype: MZUSP 121505. Paratypes: DZSJRP, MZUEL, NUP. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Bryconamericus coeruleus Jerep & Shibatta 2017 -- (dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:40 [ref. 40431] with question, Koerber 2024:4 [ref. 41228], Pedroso et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40856]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus coeruleus Jerep & Shibatta 2017. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper rio Paraná basin (Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

colombianus, Hemibrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:8 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Río San Gil, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56653 [ex CM 5470]. Paratypes: (15) CAS 44350 [ex IU 13162] (1), 44351 [ex IU 13163] (1), 44352 [ex IU 13164] (1), 44353 [ex IU 13165] (5); FMNH 56654-56 (1, 1, 5). Type catalog: Henn 1928:64 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:43 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann 1914 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:129 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008:73 [ref. 29744], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:78 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010:340 [ref. 30721], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:103 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:117 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:13 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann 1914. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: San Gil River drainage, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

convencionensis, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:7, Figs. 1, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 83; ref. 40275] Quebrada Guamal, afluente de la quebrada Búrbura, alto Río Catatumbo, Municipio de Convención, Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 928. Paratypes: CAR 927 (12). •Valid as Creagrutus convencionensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus convencionensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río Catatumbo drainage, Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

convencionensis, Hemibrycon Ruiz-C [R. I.], Román-Valencia [C.], Bastidas [A. M.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2023:226, Fig. 12 [Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 40482] Quebrada Piriabindeni, Río Parotori, Megantoni, La Convención, Cusco, Perú. Holotype: MUSM 37005. Paratypes: MUSM. •Valid as Hemibrycon convencionensis Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon convencionensis Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Quispe River drainage, upper Urubamba River system, Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

conventus, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:13 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Soplaviento, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56261 [ex CM 5060]. Paratypes: (70, CM and IU) CAS 39439 [ex IU 12802] (14); FMNH 56262 (14), 71290 (43); USNM 79174 (4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. Eigenmann 1922:148 [ref. 1243] and Eigenmann 1927:396 [ref. 12292] treated the species epithet as an adjective, so combined with a feminine genus, the species name should be conventa. •Valid as Argopleura conventa (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256] as conventus, Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061] as conventus, Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] as conventus, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633] as conventus). Current status: Valid as Argopleura conventa (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Argopleurinae. Distribution: South America: Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

coracoralinae, Xenurobrycon Moreira [C. R.] 2005:856, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 118 (no. 4); ref. 28474] Rio Agapito at BR-070 road, 13 kilometers west of Goiás, tributary of rio Vermelh, rio Araguaia basin, about 15°56'S, 50°09'W, munic. de Goiás, estado de Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 83366. Paratypes: Many lots at MNRJ, MZUSP, USNM. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Xenurobrycon coracoralinae Moreira 2005 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mendonça et al. 2016:[7] [ref. 34350], Menezes & Camelier 2024:285 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Xenurobrycon coracoralinae Moreira 2005. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Araguaia River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

corredori, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:7, Figs. 1, 5A, 7A, 9A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 88; ref. 40588] Río Tucurinca, parte baja, Municipio de Tucurinca, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 980. Paratypes: CAR 915 (15). •Valid as Creagrutus corredori Ardila Rodríguez 2023 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2024:3 [ref. 41561]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus corredori Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río Tucurinca drainage, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

coxeyi, Hemibrycon Fowler [H. W.] 1943:1, Fig. 1 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 119; ref. 13202] Napo-Pastaza, Río Marañon basin, Hacienda Las Mascota, río Topo, tributary of río Pastaxa, 1°25'S, 78°11'W, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 70155 (poor condition). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:45 [ref. 13621]. Original locality corrected. •Questionably a synonym of Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther 1864) -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther 1864) -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:756 [ref. 31076]). •Valid as Hemibrycon coxeyi Fowler 1943 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:28 [ref. 37559] as coxei, Román-Valencia et al. 2006:210 [ref. 28983], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:123 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia et al. 2007:185 [ref. 29496], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:101[ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:118 [ref. 33572]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon coxeyi Fowler 1943. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Marañon River basin (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

cracentis, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:93, Fig. 26 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Tapajós, sandy beaches on an island located 5 kilometers south of Itiatuba, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 15213. Paratypes: MCP 22018 (3), USNM 353862 (2, 1 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus cracentis Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:578 [ref. 33181], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Flausino & Lima 2019:7 [ref. 36726]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus cracentis Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Lower Tapajós River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

crenatus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:95, Fig. 37 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Quebrada Sanare in Yay, 9°45'N, 69°43'W, Lara, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 505. Paratypes: INHS 28851 (5), MHNLS 12900 (6, 1c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus crenatus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:16 [ref. 38586], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:11 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus crenatus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Tocuyo, Claro and Turbio River drainages, Caribbean versant, Lara, north-central Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

cristiani, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 1999:110, Fig. 1 [Revista Actualidos Biológicas v. 20 (no. 69) (1998); ref. 24922] Upper Meta River, tributary to río Guayuriba, 4°07'N, 74°15'W, Meta Dept., Colombia. Holotype: ICNMNH 3445. Paratypes: ICNMNH 3446-49 (1, 7, 5, 3); IUQ 381-382 (20, 11). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:10 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Bryconamericus cristiani Román-Valencia 1999 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Román-Valencia 2010:201 [ref. 31063], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807]). •Valid as Hemibrycon cristiani Román-Valencia 1999 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35773] not Colombia). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon cristiani (Román-Valencia 1999). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Ríio Meta, Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

cupariensis, Knodus de Sousa [D. J. A.], Silva-Oliveira [C.], Canto [A. L. C.] & Ribeiro [F. R. V.] 2020:576, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4747 (no. 3); ref. 37361] Unnamed stream tributary of rio Tinga, rio Cupari drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Rurópolis, Pará State, Brazil, 4°05'10.80"S, 54°51'10.60"W. Holotype: INPA 59396. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, UFOPA, ZUEC. •Valid as Knodus cupariensis de Sousa, Silva-Oliveira, Canto & Ribeiro 2020 -- (Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192]). Current status: Valid as Knodus cupariensis de Sousa, Silva-Oliveira, Canto & Ribeiro 2020. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Cupari drainage, lower Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

dahli, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2000:451, Fig. 1 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 48 (no. 2/3); ref. 25256] Quebrada Babosa afluent río Sabunde, río Patia system, río Telembi basin, on road to Tumaco at kilometer 98, about 1°37'N, 78°23'W, Depto. de Nariño, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMNH 2722. Paratypes: ICNMNH 2339 (21), 2349 (7), 2353 (5), 3450 (6), uncat. (3); IUQ 218-220 (14, 13, 4). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:11 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Bryconamericus dahli Román-Valencia 2000 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:28 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115-116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2011:844 [ref. 31565], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:133 [ref. 34894], Griesbaum et al. 2025:3 [ref. 42462]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon dahli (Román-Valencia 2000) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Román-Valencia et al. 2015:243 [ref. 34022], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon guaytarae (Eigenmann & Henn 1914) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon guaytarae (Eigenmann & Henn 1914). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

dariensis, Hemibrycon Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1916:285, Pl. 20 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 15); ref. 2962] Mouth of Río Yape, Río Tuyra basin, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 8947. Paratypes: CAS 44343 [ex IU 14001 and 15335] (4); FMNH 12661-74 (8, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 3); USNM 78594 (orig. 9, now 8). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:43 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:23 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemibrycon dariensis Meek & Hildebrand 1916 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:129 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008:74 [ref. 29744], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:78 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010:340 [ref. 30721], Mirande 2010:534 [ref. 31006], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:118 [ref. 3572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon dariensis Meek & Hildebrand 1916. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Panama and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

decurrens, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:20 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Soplaviento, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56255 [ex CM 5055]. Paratypes: CAS 39542 [IU 12829] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemibrycon decurrens (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon decurrens (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Lower Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

delotaenia, Ceratobranchia Chernoff [B.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1990:283, Figs. 20-21 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 142; ref. 19495] Mouth of Río Carbon, below Atalaya, Cuzco/Madre de Dios border, Departamento del Cuzco, Peru, 12°53'S, 71°20'W [probably 12°53'6.8"S, 71°21'29.0"W]. Holotype: ANSP 163721 [ex ANSP 143770]. Paratypes: ANSP 143770-73 (1, 1, 1, 2); FMNH 98311 (1). •Valid as Ceratobranchia delotaenia Chernoff & Machado-Allison 1990 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:2 [ref. 24302], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:120 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137], Netto-Ferreira 2024:125 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ceratobranchia delotaenia Chernoff & Machado-Allison 1990. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

delta, Knodus Géry [J.] 1972:56, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Acta Humboldtiana (Series Geologica, Palaeontologica et Biologica Nr. 2) No. 2; ref. 1595] Creek near Puerto Napo, upper Río Napo, Ecuador. Holotype: ZMH H1473. Paratypes: MNHN 1980-1444 (1), ZMH H1473a (5). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Bryconamericanus delta (Géry 1972) -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Barriga S. 2012:106 [ref. 35745] with author as Román-Valencia 2000). •Valid as Knodus delta Géry 1972 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus delta Géry 1972. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

dentatus, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:19 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Piedra de Moler, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56253 [ex CM 5054a]. Paratypes: (38, CM and IU) CAS 39543-45 (now 1, 7, 1); FMNH 56274 (1), 56252 (5), 56254 (7), 69709 (8); USNM 79175 (orig. 4, now 3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Hemibrycon dentatus (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Taphorn 1992:197 [ref. 23654], Galvis et al. 1997:50 [ref. 23651], Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2001:475 [ref. 25946], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon dentatus (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Cauca River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

deuterodonoides, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:5 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Río Negro, Quebrada at Villavicencio, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56644 [ex CM 5461]. Paratypes: (13) CAS 61221 [ex IU 13156] (6), FMNH 56645 (6). •Valid as Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914 -- (Taphorn 1992:140 [ref. 23654], Román-Valencia 1999:113 [ref. 24922], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665]). •Valid as Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Ferreira 2024:211 [ref. 40817], Moreno-Burbano et al. 2025:16 [ref. 42549]). Current status: Valid as Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo basins (Colombia and Venezuela). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

diamantina, Lepidocharax Ferreira [K. M.], Menezes [N. A.] & Quagio-Grassiotto [I.] 2011:283, Figs. 2-5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 31387] Rio Santo Antônio, a tributary to rio Paraguaçu, ca. 12°31'S, 41°34'W, Palmeiras, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 37509. Paratypes: MNRJ 21997 (55, 1 c&s), MZUSP 160499 (9). The species epithet is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Lepidocharax diamantina Ferreira, Menezes & Quagio-Grassiotto 2011 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:39 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Lepidocharax diamantina Ferreira, Menezes & Quagio-Grassiotto 2011. Stevardiidae: Planaltininae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraguaçu basin, Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

diaphanus, Tetragonopterus Cope [E. D.] 1878:691 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Río Huallaga at Moyabamba, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21216. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21217-18 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:45 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype established by Fowler 1906:339, Fig. 27 [ref. 1373]. •Valid as Bryconamericus diaphanus (Cope 1878) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298]). •Valid as Knodus diaphanus (Cope 1878) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Valid as Knodus diaphanus (Cope 1878). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin (Peru and Bolivia). IUCN (2016): Least Concern, as Bryconamericus diaphanus. Habitat: freshwater.

dicropotamicus, Cyanocharax Malabarba [L. R.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2003:109, Figs. 3, 6, 14, 24-28 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Sér. Zoologia. v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 27141] Rio Forqueta, Marquês de Souza, Lageado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 82262. Paratypes: MCP 19510 (63, 5 c&s), 19516 (30); MNRJ 23845 (20); MZUSP 18984 (34); USNM 337244 (20), 337599 (14). Combined with a neuter genus, the adjective should be dicropotamicum. •Valid as Cyanocharax dicropotamicus Malabarba & Weitzman 2003 -- (Casciotta et al. 2012:39 [ref. 32076], Protogino & Miquelarena 2012:581 [ref. 32123]). •Valid as Diapoma dicropotamicum (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] as dicropotamicus, Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561] as dicropotamicus). Current status: Valid as Diapoma dicropotamicum (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: northern tributaries of the Jacuí River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

diquensis, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:14 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Soplaviento, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56272 [ex CM 5072]. Paratypes: (19, CM and IU) CAS 39013 [ex IU 12820] (7), FMNH 56273 (6), 69690 (5). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Argopleura diquensis (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Argopleura diquensis (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Argopleurinae. Distribution: Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

divisorensis, Hemibrycon Bertaco [V. A.], Malabarba [L. R.], Hidalgo [M. H.] & Ortega [H.] 2007:252, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 29278] Upper río Tapiche, Zona Reservada Sierra del Divisor, río Ucayali drainage, 7°12'02"S, 73°53'00"W, Loreto, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 28860. Paratypes: MCP 41346 (6, 2 c&s), 41347 (5); MUSM 28039 (12, 1 c&s), 28040 (19). •Valid as Hemibrycon divisorensis Bertaco, Malabarba, Hidalgo & Ortega 2007 -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:766 [ref. 31076], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon divisorensis Bertaco, Malabarba, Hidalgo & Ortega 2007. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: tributary to Ucayali River, Loreto (Peru). IUCN (2016): Data Daficient. Habitat: freshwater.

doriae, Pseudocorynopoma Perugia [A.] 1891:646 [46], Fig. [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 10; ref. 3431] Rio de la Plata. Holotype (unique): MSNG 9224. Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:183 [ref. 10343]. On p. 46 of separate. •Valid as Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia 1891 -- (Malabarba 1989:138 [ref. 14217], Weitzman & Menezes 1998:186 [ref. 23843], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:279 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:21 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:76 [ref. 28131] as doriai, Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Malabarba et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37866], Loureiro et al. 2023:62 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia 1891. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: La Plata basin (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

dorsomaculatus, Knodus Ferreira [K. M.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2010:470, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 77 (no. 3); ref. 30882] Jacareacanga, tributary of the Teles Pires River, Tapajós River basin, 9°18'30"S, 56°47'38"W, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 102823. Paratypes: MZUSP 98279 (2), 98299 (2). •Valid as Knodus dorsomaculatus Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010 -- (Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192]). Current status: Valid as Knodus dorsomaculatus Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Teles Pires River drainage, Tapajós River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

drilos, Monotocheirodon Menezes [N. A.], Weitzman [S. H.] & Quagio-Grassiotto [I.] 2013:135, Figs. 9-10 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo v. 53 (no. 10); ref. 32808] Sandia, Zona Reservada Tambopata-Candamo, stream Ebebahuaceji (empties into Rio Candamo), Peru, 13°14'56.4"S, 70°00'34.5"W. Holotype: MUSM 41541. Paratypes: ANSP, MUSM, USNM. •Valid as Monotocheirodon drilos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto 2013 -- (Carvalho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40982]). Current status: Valid as Monotocheirodon drilos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto 2013. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios River drainage, upper Madeira River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

duda, Monotocheirodon Carvalho [T. P.], Thomaz [A. T.], Urbano-Bonilla [A.] & Prada-Pedreros [S.] 2024:3, Figs. 1-5 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 104 (no. 6); ref. 40982] Río Guape, Río Duda drainage, Guayabero River basin, La Uribe, Meta Department, Colombia, 03°15'00"N, 74°16'00"W, elevation 605 meters. Holotype: MPUJ 18448. Paratypes: MPUJ. •Valid as Monotocheirodon duda Carvalho, Thomaz, Urbano-Bonilla & Prada-Pedreros 2024. Current status: Valid as Monotocheirodon duda Carvalho, Thomaz, Urbano-Bonilla & Prada-Pedreros 2024. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Guayabero River drainage, Orinoco River basin, Meta Department, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

dulima, Creagrutus Albornoz-Garzón [J. G.], Conde-Saldaña [C. C.], García-Melo [J. E.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Villa-Navarro [F. A.] 2018:342, Figs. 1, 2A, 3 [Zootaxa 4482 (no. 2); ref. 36150] Quebrada Chumba, upper Río Magdalena drainage, Ibagué, Departamento Tolima, Colombia, 4°29'06"N, 75°05'49"W, elevation 973 meters. Holotype: CZUT-IC 17663. Paratypes: CP-UCO, CZUT-IC, IAVHP, ICNMHN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Creagrutus dulima Albornoz-Garzón, Conde-Saldaña, García-Melo, Taphorn & Villa-Navarro 2018 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2020:12 [ref. 37904], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:15 [ref. 38586], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus dulima Albornoz-Garzón, Conde-Saldaña, García-Melo, Taphorn & Villa-Navarro 2018. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Río Magdalena basin, Departamento Tolima, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ecai, Bryconamericus da Silva [J. F. P.] 2004:58, Fig. 3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 27870] Creek in Linha Brazil, parallel to the road from Vila Deodoro to Venâncio Aires (tributary to arroio Castelhano, rio Taquari, laguna dos Patos drainage), about 29°33'S, 52°17'W, Venâncio Aires, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 19608. Paratypes: MCP 17494 (75, 7 c&s). •Valid as Bryconamericus ecai da Silva 2004 -- (Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus ecai da Silva 2004. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Laguna dos Patos drainage, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ecuadorensis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.], Jiménez-Prado [P.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2015:244, Figs. 1-6 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 38 (no. 2); ref. 34022] Esmeraldas Province, Santiago River, Ecuador, 78°51'28.1''W, 00°55'53.1''N, elevation 24 meters. Holotype: IUQ 3813. Paratypes: CEMZ, IUQ, MEPN. •Valid as Bryconamericus ecuadorensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Jiménez-Prado & García-Alzate 2015 -- (Hirschmann & Malabarba 2024:118 [ref. 40817]). •Possibly valid as Eretmobrycon ecuadorensis (Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Jiménez-Prado & García-Alzate 2015) based on type locality. •Valid as Eretmobrycon ecuadorensis (Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Jiménez-Prado & García-Alzate 2015) -- (Escobar Camacho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40892] as cf. ecuadoriensis). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon ecuadorensis (Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Jiménez-Prado & García-Alzate 2015). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Santiago River drainage, Esmeraldas Province (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Astyanax Evermann [B. W.] & Kendall [W. C.] 1906:83, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 31 (no. 1482); ref. 1282] Río Primero, Córdoba Province, central Argentina. Holotype: USNM 55570. Paratypes: CAS 39563 [ex IU 11071] (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:6 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus eigenmanni (Evermann & Kendall 1906) -- (Malabarba & Kindel 1995:684 [ref. 21922], Braga 1998:26 [ref. 24111], Miquelarena & Aquino 1999:523 [ref. 23980], Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001:280 [ref. 26007], Miquelarena et al. 2002:70 [ref. 26517], Casciotta et al. 2002:163 [ref. 26551], López et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26808], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus eigenmanni (Evermann & Kendall 1906). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Primero River, tributary to Laguna Mar Chiquita, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Othonocheirodus Myers [G. S.] 1927:114 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Cayumba rapids of the Río Huallaga, Peru [not Río Cayumba]. Holotype: IU 17674 (not at CAS in 1996). Paratypes: CAS 17946 [IU 17675] (4), MCZ 31569 (1), CAS-SU 18068 [ex IU 17675 and CAS 17946] (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:25-26 [ref. 12291]. For locality correction see Myers 1934:43 [ref. 24240]. •Valid as Othonocheirodus eigenmanni Myers 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Malabarba 1998:231 [ref. 23844], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:152 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745] as cf. eigenmanni, Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633] but missing species, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Othonocheirodus eigenmanni Myers 1927. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (?Ecuador, Peru and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

elatior, Ceratobranchia Tortonese [E.] 1942:67 [57], Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino (Serie 4) v. 49 (no. 117) (for 1941-1942); ref. 10294] Río Zamora, Río Marañon basin, Ecuador. Holotype (unique): MZUT 3558. On p. 57 of separate. •Valid as Ceratobranchia elatior Tortonese 1942 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:28 [ref. 37559], Chernoff & Machado-Allison 1990:278 [ref. 19495], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:120-121 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira 2024:125 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ceratobranchia elatior Tortonese 1942. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

eliasi, Chrysobrycon Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Ortega [H.] 2011:732, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 31720] Río Madre de Dios basin, Creek Loboyoc, 12°27'07.27"S, 69°07'42.53"W, Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Peru, elevation 210 meters. Holotype: MUSM 39970. Paratypes: MLP 10831 [ex AI 287] (3, 2 c&s); Al 288 (2); MUSM 39971 (14), 39972 (8), 39973 (2), 39974 (3). Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:3 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Chrysobrycon eliasi Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta & Ortega 2011 -- (Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2014:297 [ref. 33375], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2015:180 [ref. 34047], Vanegas-Ríos & Urbano-Bonilla 2017:2355 [ref. 35265], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2024:684 [ref. 41166], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2025:10 [ref. 41972]). Current status: Valid as Chrysobrycon eliasi Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta & Ortega 2011. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios and upper Manuripe River drainages, Madeira River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

ellisi, Hyphessobrycon Pearson [N. E.] 1924:39, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Espia, Bolivia. Syntypes: (55) CAS 47167 [ex IU 17343] (37), CAS-SU 24660 [ex IU 17343] (3), UMMZ 66505 (14), USNM 117544 [ex UMMZ 66505, orig. IU 17343] (1). Plus additional material. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:26 [ref. 19022]. First appeared as ellisi; named after Mrs. Marion Durbin Ellis, the correct species epithet would be ellisae. Not to be corrected (ICZN). •Valid as Bryconacidnus ellisi (Pearson 1924) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137] as ellisae). Current status: Valid as Bryconacidnus ellisi (Pearson 1924). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

embera, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:10, Figs. 1, 3, 5B, 7B, 9B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 88; ref. 40588] Río Sinú, cerca de la desembocadura al río Manso, Municipio de Tierralta, Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 995. Paratypes: CAR. •Valid as Creagrutus embera Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus embera Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río Sinú drainage, Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

emperador, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ogle [F.] 1907:26 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Empire Station, Panama. Holotype: USNM 55651. Paratypes: USNM 306565 [ex USNM 55651] (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:6 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:453 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370], Román-Valencia 2003:20, 28 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia & Vanegas-Rios 2009:393 [ref. 30843], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Schmitter-Soto 2017:1416 [ref. 35414]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope of Colombia and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

ephimeros, Attonitus Vari [R. P.] & Ortega [H.] 2000:129, Figs. 1, 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 24436] Río Picha, Puerto Huallana, Quebrada Mapichiriato, 11°50'S, 73°20'W, Río Urubamba basin, Province La Convencion, Depto de Cusco, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 11501. Paratypes: MUSM 12757-60 (5, 8, 3, 1); USNM 349696 (4, 1 c&s), 349708 (8, 2 c&s), 349713 (1), 349914 (3). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Attonitus ephimeros Vari & Ortega 2000 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:113 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:538 [ref. 31006], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Attonitus ephimeros Vari & Ortega 2000. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Aguaytia and Pachitea rivers in Ucayali River basin (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

ephippiatus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:98, Fig. 39 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Upper Río Siapa, Campamento Siapa (Siapa Base Camp), Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV V-29068. Paratypes: MBUCV V-18623 (3), V-29069 (24); USNM 355116 (7, c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus ephippiatus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122-123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus ephippiatus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Siapa River, southern tributary of Casiquiare River, upper Negro River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

eugeniae, Aulixidens Böhlke [J. E.] 1952:775 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 5 (no. 56) (art. 81); ref. 592] Río Curamoni, Canal de Casiquiare, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS-SU 16940. Paratypes: Géry coll. [ex CAS-SU] (1), CAS-SU 16941 (2), 16942 (now 7, orig. 10), 16943 (2); USNM 157368 [ex CAS-SU 16942] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:22 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:8 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke 1952 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:113 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:537 [ref. 31006], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke 1952. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

euryodous, Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Schultz [L. P.] 1944:344, Fig. 51 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 95 (no. 3181); ref. 3960] Río Guárico and tributaries between San Sebastián and San Casimiro, Aragua state, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121437. Paratypes: MCZ 37264 [ex USNM 121438] (5), UMMZ 145041 [ex USNM 121438] (5), USNM 121438 (orig. 408, now 388), ZMA 102144 [ex USNM 121438] (orig. 10, now 8). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:15 [ref. 19236], Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914, but a valid subspecies as described but with question -- (Taphorn 1992:140 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann 1914 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:40 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Ferreira 2024:211 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus deuterodonoides (Eigenmann 1914). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

exodon, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:139 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Puerto Max, Paraguay. Holotype: MCZ 29909 [ex IU 10298a]. Paratypes: (10 orig. at IU) BMNH 1909.6.15.11 [ex IU 10297, ex CAS 39565] (1); CAS 39564 [ex IU 10297] (orig. 3, now 2), 39565 [ex U 10298] (4), 39566 [IU ex 11264] (2); MCZ 174232 (1) [ex MCZ 29909 [ex IU 10298] (1 + holotype)]. Type catalog: Netto-Ferreira et al. 2021:299 [ref. 38774]. •Valid as Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann 1907 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Braga 1998:26 [ref. 24111], Britski et al. 1999:32 [ref. 24147], Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001:280 [ref. 26007], Miquelarena et al. 2002:70 [ref. 26517], Casciotta et al. 2002:163 [ref. 26551], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27366], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:582 [ref. 27482], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Mirande 2010:536 [ref. 31006] as cf. exodon and exodon, Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:289 [ref. 33374], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:440 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:33 [ref. 35267], Jerep & Shibatta 2017:10 [ref. 35610], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Kampfert et al. 2025:282 [ref. 42023], Pedroso et al. 2024:13 [ref. 40856]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann 1907. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.], Mancera-Rodriguez [N. J.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2013:1370, Figs. 1-2, 3a [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 61 (no. 3) (dated Sept.); ref. 32877] Antioquia, Municipio de San Vicente, Vereda Corrientes, middle section of the Magdalena River Basin, La Magdalena Creek, tributary of the Nare River, 6°18'42.4"N, 75°15'28.7"W, Colombia, elevation 1882 meters. Holotype: IUQ 3191. Paratypes: AUM, IUQ, CSJ. •Valid as Hemibrycon fasciatus Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Mancara-Rodriguez & García-Alzate 2013 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2014:118 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon fasciatus Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn, Mancera-Rodriguez & García-Alzate 2013. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Middle Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

festae, Tetragonopterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:2 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino v. 13 (no. 329); ref. 14677] Río Vinces, western Ecuador. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.4.65-70 (6), MSNG 34953 (1), MZUF 2698 (1), MZUT 1743 (1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:138 [ref. 21559], Tortonese 1961:182-183 [ref. 10343], Vanni 1991:221 [ref. 20099]. •Valid as Astyanax festae (Boulenger 1898) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:27 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:124 [ref. 34894], Escobar Camacho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40892]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon festae (Boulenger 1898) -- (Terán et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37440], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40816], Valenzuela et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40815], Malabarba 2024:155 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon festae (Boulenger 1898). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

figueiredoi, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:101, Fig. 40 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Maranhão, upper Rio Tocantins basin, about 35 air kilometers north of Brasilia, about 15°32'S, 47°49'W, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 50542. Paratypes: MNRJ 14482 (2), 17334 (2), 17339 (3); MZUSP 50543 (9); USNM 292221 (11). •Valid as Creagrutus figueiredoi Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus figueiredoi Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Tocantins River drainage in upper Tocantins and Araguaia River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

figueiredoi, Knodus Esguícero [A. L. H.] & Castro [R. M. C.] 2014:40, Figs. 1-4. 5c [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 25 (no. 1); ref. 33506] Guiratinga Municipality, Rio das Gasças, upper Rio Araguaia basin, 16°13'11"N, 53°35'59"W, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 10238. Paratypes: DZSJRP, INPA, LIRP, NUP. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:441 [ref. 35588], Oliveira et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Knodus figueiredoi Esguícero & Castro 2014 -- (Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40192]). Current status: Valid as Knodus figueiredoi Esguícero & Castro 2014. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio das Gasças drainage, upper Rio Araguaia basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

flavescens, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:104, Fig. 41 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Toguino basin, RíoTiguino No. 3, unnamed tributary of Río Tiguino, 1°07'35"S, 76°56'52"W, Pastaza, Ecuador. Holotype: MEPN 4622. Paratypes: MEPN 4642 (7), 6380 (7); USNM 340974-75 (8, 4). •Valid as Creagrutus flavescens Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2020:372 [ref. 37405], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus flavescens Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

florianensis, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:14, Figs. 2B, 6A, 8B, 9D, 10A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 88; ref. 40588] Quebrada Huaz, afluente del río Minero, Municipio de Florián, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 975. Paratypes: CAR 904 (6). •Valid as Creagrutus florianensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus florianensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: río Minero drainage, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

foncensis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.] & Ruiz-C. [R. I.] 2009:458, Fig. 1 [Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 80 (no. 2); ref. 30393] Vereda Los Chinitos, sistema río Magdalena medio, cuenca del río Fonce, río Pienta vía a Encino aprox. 10 kilometers de Charalá, 6°13'00"N, 73°10'12"W, municipio de Charalá, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1658 meters. Holotype: IUQ 1941. Paratypes: Véase Apéndice I. [published later, pers. comm. second author]. Many lots at IUQ, 3 lots at AMNH. •Valid as Bryconamericus foncensis Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C. 2009 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Hemibrycon foncensis (Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C. 2009) -- (García-Melo et al. 2018:[2] [ref. 35894], García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:14 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon foncensis (Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C. 2009). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Middle Magdalena River basin, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

fredcochui, Boehlkea Géry [J.] 1966:212, Figs. 5-6 [Ichthyologica, the Aquarium Journal v. 37 (no. 5); ref. 1588] "Upper Amazon" [Colombia]. Holotype: ANSP 111675 [ex Géry coll. 0124.1]. Paratypes: ANSP 111676 [ex Géry coll. 0124.18-19] (2); MHNG 2184.038 [ex Géry coll. 0124.4, .6, .8] (3), MHNG 2184-047 [ex 0124.2-3, .5, .7, & .9-17] (13) [of which 1 is in ANSP 111668, 2 at USNM]; MNHN 1980-1425 (2); ZMA 113828 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:14 [ref. 19236], Böhlke 1984:46 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Hemibrycon fredcochui Géry 1966 -- (Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:129 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008:74 [ref. 29744]). •Valid as Boehlkea fredcochui Géry 1966 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:114 [ref. 27061], Zarske 2008:164 [ref. 29918], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:767 [ref. 31076], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Soares et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35609], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Boehlkea fredcochui Géry 1966. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

galvisi, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2000:457, Fig. 5 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 48 (no. 2/3); ref. 25256] Alto Río Putumaya basin, Valle de Sibundoy, about 5°00'N, 77°23'W, Munic. de Sibundoy, Dept. del Putumayo, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMNH 2720. Paratypes: ICNMNH 2721 (12); IUQ 221-223 (10, 5, 5), 310 (3). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:11 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Bryconamericus galvisi Román-Valencia 2000 -- (Román-Valencia 2001:474 [ref. 25946], Román-Valencia 2003:46 [ref. 27036], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:48 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608]). •Valid as Hemibrycon galvisi (Román-Valencia 2000) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon galvisi (Román-Valencia 2000). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Sibundoy Valley, Putumayo River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

gamma, Knodus Géry [J.] 1972:52, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Acta Humboldtiana (Series Geologica, Palaeontologica et Biologica Nr. 2) No. 2; ref. 1595] Río Villano, affluent of River Cururay, Ecuador. Holotype: ZMH H1861. Paratypes: ZMH H2211 (2), Géry coll. (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Bryconamericus gamma (Géry 1972) -- (Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2005:54 [ref. 28949]). •Mention -- (Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506]). •Valid as Knodus gamma Géry 1972 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Knodus gamma Géry 1972. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

geayi, Tetragonopterus (Markiana) nigripinnis Pellegrin [J.] 1909:347 [6] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] Río Apure, Orinoco System, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1898-0017. On p. 6 of separate. •Valid as Markiana geayi (Pellegrin 1909) -- (Taphorn 1992:248 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 2002:13 [ref. 26554], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:372 [ref. 31394], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:88 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760], Taphorn et al. 2022:17 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Markiana geayi (Pellegrin 1909). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Guyana, Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

gephyrus, Creagrutus Böhlke [J. E.] & Saul [W. G.] 1975:25, Figs. 1-4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 127 (no. 3); ref. 7109] Río Aguarico at Santa Cecilia, Napo Province, Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 130516. Paratypes: ANSP 130517 (1), 130519-22 (4); KU 13468 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:47 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Creagrutus gephyrus Böhlke & Saul 1975 -- (Vari & Harold 1998:256 [ref. 23845], Vari & Harold 2001:108 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:578 [ref. 33181], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus gephyrus Böhlke & Saul 1975. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Andean piedmont rivers (eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

geryi, Knodus Lima [F. C. T.], Britski [H. A.] & Machado [F. A.] 2004:577, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2004 (no. 3); ref. 27909] Rio do Peixe, tributary of rio Cabaçal, fazenda Entre Rios, at the bridge, 14°55'00"S, 58°27'24"W, Barra dos Bugres, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 83354. Paratypes: FMNH 112958 (1), MZUSP 78863 (28, 2 c&s). •Valid as Knodus geryi Lima, Britski & Machado 2004 -- (Ferreira & Lima 2006:636 [ref. 28919], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Menezes & Marinho 2019:16 [ref. 36822], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus geryi Lima, Britski & Machado 2004. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraguay River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

glandipedis, Planaltina Menezes [N. A.], Weitzman [S. H.] & Burns [J. R.] 2003:571, Figs. 22-29 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 116 (no. 3); ref. 27327] Carumbataí, rio Corumbataí, about 22°13'S, 47°38'W, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 62752. Paratypes: CZSJRP 671 (4), MZUSP 62753-56 (11, 7, 1, 3), 63690 (3); USNM 362135 (11), 362136 (5), 362137 (2). Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:442 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Planaltina glandipedis Menezes, Weitzman & Burns 2003 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2018:17 [ref. 35939]). Current status: Valid as Planaltina glandipedis Menezes, Weitzman & Burns 2003. Stevardiidae: Planaltininae. Distribution: Rivers draining the cuestas of São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gonzalezoi, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2002:180, Fig. 2 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 50 (no. 1); ref. 26370] Río Bongie, 9°21'35"N, 82°36'35"W, Panama. Holotype: IUQ 377. Paratypes: STRI 00534 (10), 00575 (72), 00581 (16), 00584-85 (21, 1), 00591 (1); IUQ 446 (4). Named for Rigoberto Gonzalez, the "o" apparently denotes endearment (C. Scharpf, Nov. 2013). •Valid as Bryconamericus gonzalezoi Román-Valencia 2002 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Vanegas-Rios 2009:393 [ref. 30843], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Angulo et al. 2013:992 [ref. 33194]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon gonzalezoi (Román-Valencia 2002) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Malabarba 2024:155 [ref. 40817] as gonzalezi). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon gonzalezoi (Román-Valencia 2002). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: Central America: Costa Rica and Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:111, Fig. 44 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Santiago, at La Poza, 4°01'S, 77°47'W, Provincia Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Peru. Holotype: LACM 41724-27. Paratypes: LACM 41724-32 (10); MUSM 8864 (10), 10760 (6); USNM 341370 (10, 2 c&s), 344534 (4). •Valid as Creagrutus gracilis Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus gracilis Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Amazonas and Loreto States (Peru), and various localities along eastern slobe of Andean Cordilleras in Ecuador (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

grosvenori, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1927:365, Pl. 99 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 4); ref. 12292] Río Comberçiato, Río Urubamba basin, Peru, elevation 1800 feet. Holotype: MCZ 31562. Paratypes: CAS 44363 [ex IU 13757] (4), 44364 [ex IU 13761] (2), 44365 [ex IU 16048] (4); FMNH 58061-62 (2, 1); MCZ 30987 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus grosvenori Eigenmann 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson 1924 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Synonym of Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson 1924. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

guahibo, Chrysobrycon Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.], Urbano-Bonilla [A.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 2015:172, Figs. 1-2, 4-6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 34047] Fuente de Oro, small drainages flowing into the Guaviare River basin, Orinoco River basin, Colombia, 3°17'39"N, 73°32'02"W, elevation 258 meters. Holotype: MPUJ 7160. Paratypes: CI-FML, MLP, MPUJ. Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:3 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Chrysobrycon guahibo Vanegas-Ríos, Urbano-Bonilla & Azpelicueta 2015 -- (Vanegas-Ríos & Urbano-Bonilla 2017:2355 [ref. 35265], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2024:684 [ref. 41166], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2025:10 [ref. 41972]). Current status: Valid as Chrysobrycon guahibo Vanegas-Ríos, Urbano-Bonilla & Azpelicueta 2015. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

guajajara, Knodus Aguiar [R. G.], Brito [P. S. de], Ottoni [F. P.] & Guimarães [E. C.] in Aguiar, Guimarães, Brito, Santos, Katz, Dia et al. 2022:7, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 2): e210173; ref. 39329] Igarapé Arapapá, Pindaré River drainage, Mearim River basin, Alto Alegre do Pindaré municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil, 03°42'26"S, 46°00'25"W. Holotype: CICCAA 4883. Paratypes: CICCAA, CIUEMA, LBP, UFRJ. •Valid as Knodus guajajara Aguiar, Brito, Ottoni & Guimarães 2022 -- (Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759]). Current status: Valid as Knodus guajajara Aguiar, Brito, Ottoni & Guimarães 2022. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Mearim and Munim River drainages, Maranhão (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

guanes, Creagrutus Torres-Mejia [M.] & Vari [R. P.] 2005:812, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2005 (no. 4); ref. 28477] Río Fonce, beside road from San Gil to Charalá, 6°28'39.4"N, 73°07'3.0"W, Río Magdalena system, Velle de San José, Santander, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 8520. Paratypes: ICNMHN 8521 (25), 8522 (1), 9893 (20, 1 c&s), 9894 (9), 9895 (1), 9896 (3), 9897 (2, 2 c&s), 9898 (2, 2 c&s). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:14 [ref. 36127]. The specific name is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Creagrutus guanes Torres-Mejia & Vari 2005 -- (Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:348 [ref. 36150], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:13 [ref. 37904], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:15 [ref. 38586], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:11 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus guanes Torres-Mejia & Vari 2005. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: middle Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

guarani, Hyphessobrycon Mahnert [V.] & Géry [J.] 1987:307, Figs. 1-2 [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 38 (no. 4); ref. 9115] Upper Río Paraná at Puerto Bertoni, Departamento Alto Paraná, 25°38'S, 54°40'W, Paraguay. Holotype: MHNG 2366.99. Paratypes: MHNG 2366.100 (orig. 77, 6 c&s), 2367.1 (34), 2367.2 (41), 2367.3 (4), 2367.4 (77); MNHN 1988-0467 (2); MZUSP 38399 [ex MHNG 2366.100] (3); USNM 290840 [ex MHNG 2366.100] (3), ZFMK 15521-23 (3). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:26 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:468 [ref. 23140], Weber 1998:7 [ref. 32707], Herder et al. 2010:116 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon guarani Mahnert & Géry 1987 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Almirón & Casciotta 1999:345 [ref. 24405], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:137 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:27 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Almirón et al. 2004:674 [ref. 27987], Almirón et al. 2006:895 [ref. 29163], Miquelarena & López 2010:5 [ref. 30749], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Dagosta et al. 2014:373 [ref. 33382], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Diapoma guarani (Mahnert & Géry 1987) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:3 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Ito et al. 2022:20 [ref. 39124], Kampfert et al. 2025:282 [ref. 42023]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma guarani (Mahnert & Géry 1987). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

guaytarae, Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:7 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Río Patía at mouth of River Guáytara, Pacific Slope, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56657 [ex CM 5474]. Paratypes: CAS 40844 [ex IU 13168] (1). Non-types: CAS 40841-43 [ex IU 12792-04] (4, 25, 38), FMNH (122, 3 localities). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:19 [ref. 12367] with 122 paratypes from 3 localities (but original description only includes one paratype). Spelled guaitarae in Eigenmann 1922:151 [ref. 1243] and authors. •Valid as Bryconamericus guaytarae Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:21, 28 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2003:46 [ref. 27036], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:28 [ref. 26840] with Wilson included as an author, Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2011:844 [ref. 31565]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon guaytarae (Eigenmann & Henn 1914) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Malabarba 2024:155 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon guaytarae (Eigenmann & Henn 1914). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Patía River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

guejarensis, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [R.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2018:41, Figs. 2C, 3 [Revista de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Quindío v. 29 [for 2017]; ref. 36348] Pringamosal Creek, Blanco River system, Guaviare River drainage, Orinoco River basin, Buenavista village, Vista Hermosa County, Meta, Colombia, [ca. 3°07'01"N 73°52'19"W], elevation 384 meters. Holotype: IUQ 2484. Paratypes: AUM, IUQ, Geographical coordinates of type locality provided by Román-Valencia et al. 2018:41 [ref. 36348] are incorrect. •Valid as Hemibrycon guejarensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2018. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon guejarensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2018. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Guaviare River drainage, Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

guizae, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2003:38, Figs. 4-9 [Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales v. 155 (for 2001); ref. 27036] La Chiquita Stream, afluent of Inbi stream, 300 meters from the bridge vía Ricaurte-Ospina, 1°13'43"N, 78°02'11"W, upper Río Guiza, Palmar trail, Municipality of Ricaurte, Department of Nariño, Colombia, elevation 1041 meters. Holotype: IUQ 450. Paratypes: IUQ 451-452 (63, 6), STRI 1370 (1). Date of publiation needs research; we date to 2003 in Memoria 55 for 2001. •Valid as Bryconamericus guizae Román-Valencia 2003 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:32 [ref. 26840] dated 2001, Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus guizae Román-Valencia 2003. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Upper Mira River basin, Pacific slope, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

guppyi, Tetragonopterus Regan [C. T.] 1906:384, Pl. 21 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1906 (pt 2) (art. 1) (for 10 Apr. 1906); ref. 15700] Glenside Estate stream, at the foot of the northern range of hills, Trinidad Island, West Indies. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.6.23.13-17 (5). Román-Valencia et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36348] report lectotype BMNH 1906.6.23. •Synonym of Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill 1858) -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:762 [ref. 31076]). •Valid as Hemibrycon guppyi (Regan 1906) -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:123 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:79 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:118 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36348]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon guppyi (Regan 1906). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Trinidad Island, West Indies. Habitat: freshwater.

gutierrezi, Hemibrycon Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2020:9, Figs. 1, 3, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 14; ref. 37579] Quebrada La Ruitoca, afluente del Río de Oro, cuenca alta del Río Lebrija, Magdalena River basin, Municipio de Floridablanca, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 925 meters. Holotype: CAR 820. Paratypes: CAR, IAVHP, ICN-MHN, MPUJ. Dedicated to the family Gutiérrez Gómez, so the correct species epithet would have been gutierrezorum. No correction needed (ICZN). •Valid as Hemibrycon gutierrezi Ardila Rodríguez 2020. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon gutierrezi Ardila Rodríguez 2020. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Río de Oro drainage, Magdalena River basin, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

guyanensis, Bryconamericus Zarske [A.], Le Bail [P.-Y.] & Géry [J.] 2010:4, Figs. 1-4 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 60 (no. 1); ref. 30816] Mana, crique Eau Claire at 7 kilometers of Saül, French Guyana. Holotype: MNHN 2010-0036. Paratypes: at IRSNB, MHNG, MNHN, MTD, ZFMK. Type catalog: Herder et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Bryconamericus guyanensis Zarske, Le Bail & Géry 2010 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus guyanensis Zarske, Le Bail & Géry 2010. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: French Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

gyrospilus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:113, Fig. 45 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Saguaz, Río Guanare-Apure drainage, bridge near park on road to Chabasquén (=Paraíso de Chabasquén, 9°23'30"N, 70°00'30"W), Portuguesa, Venezuela. Holotype: INHS 69479. Paratypes: INHS 51282 (32), USNM 359486 (8). •Valid as Creagrutus gyrospilus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1399 [ref. 37878]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus gyrospilus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South Ameica: western Orinoco River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

hasemani, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:10 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Porto Alegre, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56659 [ex CM 5476]. Paratypes: CAS 39212 [ex IU 13170] (3), FMNH 56660 (6). Type catalog: Henn 1928:61 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:13 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Astyanax alburnus (Hensel 1870) -- (Malabarba 1987:126 [ref. 11587], Malabarba 1989:128 [ref. 14217], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:107 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Cyanocharax alburnus (Hensel 1870) -- (Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622]). •Synonym of Diapoma alburnus (Hensel 1870). Current status: Synonym of Diapoma alburnus (Hensel 1870). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

helleri, Hemibrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1927:406, Pl. 96 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 4); ref. 12292] Río Comberçiato, Paipay, Peru, elevation 1800 feet. Holotype: ?MCZ 31565 (1) or 30980 (1). Paratypes: CAS 44354 [ex IU 13754] (5), FMNH 58439 (3). Additional original material: CAS 44355 [ex IU 17611] (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:43 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2007:256 [ref. 29278], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:741 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:118 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann 1927. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Río Urubamba and río Comberciato, upper río Ucayali drainage, Cusco (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

hemigrammus, Bryconamericus Pearson [N. E.] 1924:44 [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Río Popoi, Upper Beni, Bolivia [possibly village Popoy, circa 15°38'24"S, 67°09'56"W]. Syntypes: CAS 39616 [ex IU 17353] (7), UMMZ 66499 (4). •Valid as Bryconacidnus hemigrammus (Pearson 1924) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137], Netto-Ferreira 2024:115 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Bryconacidnus hemigrammus (Pearson 1924). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Madeira River basin, upper Amazon basin (Bolivia, Peru). IUCN (2023): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

henni, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:6 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Vinces, western Ecuador. Holotype: FMNH 56594 [ex CM 5410]. Paratypes: (many) CAS 39034 [ex IU 13102] (1), 39035 [ex IU 13102] (38), 39036 [ex IU 13124] (132); FMNH 56595-96 (6, 4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:62 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Phenacobrycon henni (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Weitzman & Menezes 1998:186 [ref. 23843], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:147 [ref. 34894]). Current status: Valid as Phenacobrycon henni (Eigenmann 1914). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

hesperus, Hysteronotus Böhlke [J. E.] 1958:35, Pl. 3 (fig. 2); Fig. 6 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 110; ref. 12050] Río Pucuno, Napo-Pastaza, tributary of upper River Napo, Province Napo-pastaza, Ecuador, 0°46'S, 77°12'W. Holotype: USNM 164056. Paratypes: ANSP 75912-14 (1, 1, 1), 79159 (2); USNM 164042 (1), 175124 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:28 [ref. 19022], Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Hysteronotus hesperus Böhlke 1958 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Chrysobrycon hesperus (Böhlke 1958) -- (Weitzman & Menezes 1998:187 [ref. 23843], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2011:731 [ref. 31720], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2014:297 [ref. 33375], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2015:181 [ref. 34047], Vanegas-Ríos & Urbano-Bonilla 2017:2355 [ref. 35265], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2024:683 [ref. 41166], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2025:9 [ref. 41972]). Current status: Valid as Chrysobrycon hesperus (Böhlke 1958). Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin (Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

heterandria, Pseudocorynopoma Eigenmann [C. H.] 1914:39 [Indiana University Studies v. 2 (no. 20); ref. 12389] Xiririca, Rio Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56407 [ex CM 5222]. Paratypes: (10) FMNH 56408 (8). Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:71 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Pseudocorynopoma heterandria Eigenmann 1914 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], Salgado et al. 2014:[1] 390 [ref. 37545], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Malabarba et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37866], dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocorynopoma heterandria Eigenmann 1914. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: coastal clearwater rivers in São Paulo and Paraná states (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

heteresthes, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:105 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Rio Tapajos, Brazil. Syntypes: (40) MCZ 89966 [ex MCZ 20862a] (34), USNM 120247 [ex MCZ 20862a] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus heteresthes Eigenmann 1908 -- (Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206] as heretesthes, Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Román-Valencia 2003:23, 43 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2005:56 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393]). •Valid as Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Planquette et al. 1996:244 [ref. 22818] as heterestes, Keith et al. 2000:13 [ref. 24547] as heterestes, Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2006:56 [ref. 28753], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Taphorn et al. 2022:17 [ref. 41297] as cf. heteresthes, Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192], Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817], Yunoki et al. 2025:328 [ref. 42013]). Current status: Valid as Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

heterodon, Xenurobrycon Weitzman [S. H.] & Fink [S. V.] 1985:88, Figs. 5, 12, 30, 34e, 55, 65 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 421; ref. 5203] Río Bobonaza at Sarayacu, Pastaza, 1°16'S, 78°31'W, Ecuador. Holotype: KU 17925. Paratypes: FMNH 87544 (12), 94940 (12); KU 17926 (2); MCZ 54255 (10 or 12); USNM 219389 (2), 219390 (2 c&s), 219391 (12). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:41 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Xenurobrycon heterodon Weitzman & Fink 1985 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708], Weitzman 1987:113 [ref. 5982], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:280 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Moreira 2005:855 [ref. 28474], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mendonça et al. 2016:[7] [ref. 34350], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:25 [ref. 42137], Menezes & Camelier 2024:285 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Xenurobrycon heterodon Weitzman & Fink 1985. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

hildebrandi, Creagrutus Schultz [L. P.] 1944:330, Figs. 47-48 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 95 (no. 3181); ref. 3960] Río Táchira, 7 kilometers northern of San Antonio, Catatumbo system, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121482. Paratypes: MCZ [ex USNM 121486] (10); MHNG [ex USNM 121496 ex Géry] (6); MNHN 1980-1433 [ex USNM 121496] (1); UMMZ 145032 [ex USNM 121496] (10); USNM 121483-85 (1, 20, 97), 121486 (orig. 334, now 314), 121487 (orig. 229, ?now 219), 121488-95 (159, 154, 148, 10, 66, 11, 261, 16), USNM ? (now 387, orig. 403); ZMA 102113 (7) and 113826 (1) [ex USNM 121486] (orig. 10) and ZMA [ex USNM 121487] (10); MHNG [ex USNM 121496 through Géry] (6). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:17 [ref. 19236], Vari & Howe 1991:15-16 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Creagrutus hildebrandi Schultz 1944 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:20 [ref. 21969], Galvis et al. 1997:46 [ref. 23651], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:147 [ref. 30645], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:349 [ref. 36150]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus hildebrandi Schultz 1944. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

holmi, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:116, Fig. 46 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Provincia Utcubamba, Bagua Grande, San Antonio, Quebrada Jaimito, about 5°47'S, 78°23'W, Amazonas, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 5670. Paratypes: MUSM 8865-66 (7, 5); ROM 55331 (5), 72379 (10); USNM 341368 (6, 1 c&s), 341369 (5). •Valid as Creagrutus holmi Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus holmi Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Marañón River basin (northeastern Peru and Ecuador). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

huambonicus, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:177 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Callacate and River Huambo, Peru. Syntypes: NMW 57530 (2), 57531 (1). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:25, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Hemibrycon huambonicus (Steindachner 1882) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2007:256 [ref. 29278], Román-Valencia et al. 2007:181 [ref. 29496], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:101 [ref. 30945], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:743 [ref. 31076], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137], Ruiz-C. et al. 2023:230 [ref. 40482]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon huambonicus (Steindachner 1882). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Huambo River drainage, Pacific versant (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

huilae, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2003:42, Fig. 10 [Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales v. 155 (for 2001); ref. 27036] La Sapayera stream, near the bridge km. 2 vía Guadalupe-Florencia, 1°59'27"N, 75°45'08"W, afluent of La Viciosa stream, río Suaza system, upper Magdalena, Cachimba trail, Municipality of Guadalupe, Department of Huila, Colombia, elevation 952 meters. Holotype: IUQ 422. Paratypes: IUQ 312-313 (8, 3), 423-424 (26, 15), 462-463 (6, 2), 476-477 (2, 5); STRI 00574 (1). Date of publiation needs research; we date to 2003 in Memoria 55 for 2001. •Synonym of Hemibrycon tolimae (Eigenmann 1913) -- (García-Melo et al. 2018:[2] [ref. 35894], García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761]). •Valid as Bryconamericus huilae Román-Valencia 2003 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:32 [ref. 26840] dated 2001, Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:457 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:466 [ref. 30392], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus huilae Román-Valencia 2003. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Alto Magdalena River, Suaza, Guachico and Timaná River system, Huila, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

hyphesson, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1909:32 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Tumatumari, Lower Potaro River, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 52708 [ex CM 1070]. Paratypes: (10, CM and IU) BMNH 1911.10.31.334 (1); CAS 39617 [ex IU 11755] (2); FMNH 7451 (1), 52709 (2); MCZ 29957 (1); CAS-SU 21970 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:22 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. Spelled hyphessus in Eigenmann 1912:349 [ref. 1227], but corrected in corrigenda (p. xx). See Planquette et al. 1996:238 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Bryconamericus hyphesson Eigenmann 1909 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507] as hyphesson and aff. hyphesson, Taphorn et al. 2022:13 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus hyphesson Eigenmann 1909. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Guyana and Suriname Habitat: freshwater.

hypopterus, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:242, Fig. 20 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florencia, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70505. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus hypopterus Fowler 1943 -- (Román-Valencia 2000:460 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2003:23, 43 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393]). •Valid as Bryconacidnus hypopterus (Fowler 1943) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Knodus hypopterus (Fowler 1943) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Knodus hypopterus (Fowler 1943). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Colombia, Peru and Bolivia). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

hysginus, Creagrutus Harold [A. S.], Vari [R. P.], Machado-Allison [A.] & Provenzano [F.] 1994:975, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1994 (no. 4); ref. 22027] Río Güiria, near La Toma, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-20310. Paratypes: CAS 79623 (9, 1 c&s), 80270 (10); MBUCV-V-20304 (12, 1 c&s), V-24002 (20); MCNG 19691 (148); USNM 326035 (10), 326055 (10, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:6 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Creagrutus hysginus Harold, Vari, Machado-Allison & Provenzano 1994 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:119 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366] as hysiginus, Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus hysginus Harold, Vari, Machado-Allison & Provenzano 1994. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Rivers draining into Gulf of Paria, Estados Sucre and Monagas, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

icelus, Bryconamericus Dahl [G.] in Dahl & Medem 1964:70, Fig. [Informe sobre la fauna acuatica del Rio Sinu; ref. 19185] Quebrada Guamural, tributary of River Manso del Sinú, Colombia. Holotype: not researched. Paratypes: ("100-") SMF 16284 (15). •Valid as Bryconamericus icelus Dahl 1964 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus icelus Dahl 1964. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Sinú River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ichoensis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2000:455, Fig. 3 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 48 (no. 2/3); ref. 25256] Quebrada Chaparraidó, afl. del río Ichó en la vía Tutunendo-San Francisco de Ichó, about 5°38'N, 76°38'W, Alto Atrato, Munic. de Dan Francisco de Ichó, Dept. del Chocó, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMNH 2718. Paratypes: ICNMNH 2719 (10). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:12 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Bryconamericus ichoensis Román-Valencia 2000 -- (Román-Valencia 2002:212 [ref. 27206], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116-117 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:32 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon ichoensis (Román-Valencia 2000) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761], Malabarba 2024:155 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon ichoensis (Román-Valencia 2000). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Atrato River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ignotus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:122, Fig. 48 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Riacho (small stream) 1, tributary To Rio Preto at road to San Francisco, Município de Diamantino (Rio Arinos basin), Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 45310. Paratypes: MZUSP 42456 (3), 45349 (3), 50165 (2); USNM 326672 (3, 1 c&s), 340960 (3). •Valid as Creagrutus ignotus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:580 [ref. 33181], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018:255 [ref. 35759]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus ignotus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Tapajós River and Xingu River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

iheringii, Tetragonopterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1887:172 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 19 (no. 111) (art. 23); ref. 17020] São Lorenço, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lectotype: BMNH 1886.3.15.30. Paralectotypes: (15) BMNH 1886.3.15.31-34 (4). Lectotype selected by Malabarba & Kindel 1995:679 [ref. 21922]. •Valid as Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger 1887) -- (Malabarba 1989:131 [ref. 14217], Malabarba & Kindel 1995:684 [ref. 21922], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791] as iheringi, Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004] as iheringi, Braga 1998:26 [ref. 24111] as iheringi, Miquelarena & Aquino 1999:523 [ref. 23980] as iheringi, Almirón et al. 2001:35 [ref. 26609] as iheringi, Miquelarena et al. 2002:70 [ref. 26517], Miquelarena et al. 2002:77 [ref. 26517] as cf. iheringii, Casciotta et al. 2002:163 [ref. 26551] as iheringii, López et al. 2002:63 [ref. 26808] as iheringi, Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27366], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:582 [ref. 27482], Casciotta et al. 2003:96 [ref. 28130] as iheringi, Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Azpelicueta et al. 2010:2 [ref. 41139], Mirande 2010:542 [ref. 31006] as cf.iheringii, Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:440 [ref. 33665] as iheringi, Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565] dated 1897, Jerep & Shibatta 2017:10 [ref. 35610], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606] as aff. iheringii, dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364] as aff. iheringii, Brandão et al. 2023:101 [ref. 40464] as aff. iheringii, Giora & Wingert 2023:127 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40506], Gomes et al. 2024:46 [ref. 42631], Kampfert et al. 2025:282 [ref. 42023] as cf. iheringii). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger 1887). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos and Uruguay and Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Uruguay). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

ikaa, Bryconamericus Casciotta [J. R.], Almirón [A. E.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 2004:61, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 27664] Arroyo Tateto, 25°47'12.8"S, 53°58'12.9"W, Iguazú basin, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MACN-ict 8648. Paratypes: MLP 10454 [ex AI 109] (5); Al 1113 (4); MHNG 2640.35 (4). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:2 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Bryconamericus ikaa Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2004 -- (da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Koerber 2011:2 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:3 [ref. 33621], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], Jerep & Shibatta 2017:10 [ref. 35610], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus ikaa Casciotta, Almirón & Azpelicueta 2004. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (Argentina and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

inambari, Hemibrycon Bertaco [V. A.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2010:747, Figs. 10-11 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 4); ref. 31076] Río Araza, río Inambari basin, upper río Madre de Dios drainage, Sirihua, Carmanti, Quispicanchi, Cusco, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 35491. Paratypes: many at ANSP, UFRGS, MCP, MUSM. •Valid as Hemibrycon inambari Bertaco & Malabarba 2010 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon inambari Bertaco & Malabarba 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper río Madre de Dios drainage, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

indefessus, Nans Mirande [J. M.], Aguilera [G.] & Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 2004:717, Figs. 1-3, 5-6 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 111 (no. 4); ref. 28084] Río Bermejo basin, río Pesçado at Estancia Anta Muerta (22°54.3'S, 64°28.2'W), Orán, Salta, Argentina. Holotype: CI-FML 4000. Paratypes: AI 107 (1, c&s), 138 (1), 157 (3); CI-FML 4001, 4003 (3); MNHNG 2643.87 (6) •Valid as Nantis indefessus (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2004 (after a new name for Nans)). •Valid as Nantis indefessus (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2004) -- (Mirande 2010:543 [ref. 31006] as cf. indefessus, Koerber 2011:2 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Bryconamericus indefessus (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2004) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus indefessus (Mirande, Aguilera & Azpelicueta 2004). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

inequalis, Glandulocauda Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:169, Pl. 5 (fig. 5) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Porto Alegre, ca. 30°02'S, 51°12'W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54893 [ex CM 3555]. Paratypes: (6, CM) CAS 60469 [ex IU 13270, CM 3556] (2), FMNH 54894 (4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:39 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Mimagoniates inequalis (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Schultz 1959:11 [ref. 39721], Weitzman & Fink 1985:109 [ref. 5203], Malabarba 1989:136 [ref. 14217], Menezes & Weitzman 1990:385 [ref. 16172], Weitzman et al. 1996:188 [ref. 24771], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:324 [ref. 30495] in Glandulocaudinae, Mantinian & Miquelarena 2010:416 [ref. 30959], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2012:784 [ref. 32131], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Giora & Wingert 2023:138 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:62 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Mimagoniates inequalis (Eigenmann 1911). Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Gephyrocharax Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1916:278 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 15); ref. 2962] Chame Point, Chame River, (Pacific) Panama. Holotype: FMNH 8945. Paratypes: CAS 44280 [ex IU 13994] (2), FMNH 12511-38 (28), USNM 78556 (orig. 29, now 26). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:39 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:21 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax intermedius Meek & Hildebrand 1916 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:30 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax intermedius Meek & Hildebrand 1916. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Coastal drainages of the Pacific and Caribbean versants, Panama. Habitat: freshwater.

ipanquianus, Tetragonopterus Cope [E. D.] 1877:44 [28] [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17; ref. 18033] Río Urubamba, one of the sources of the Río Ucayale, Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 21114 (1), 21115-16 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621] as holotype (21114) and paratypes. On p. 28 of separate. •Valid as Acrobrycon ipanquianus (Cope 1877) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061], Arcila et al. 2014:605 [ref. 33096], Koerber 2014:3 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], Briñoccoli et al. 2022:104 [ref. 39171], Chuctaya et al. 2022:17 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Acrobrycon ipanquianus (Cope 1877). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Andean Piedmont of Amazon basin (Peru and Bolivia). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

iporangae, Coelurichthys Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1908:[4], Fig. 6 [Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro [Rev. Art. Sci. Litt.] v. 5 (no. 2) (for 1907); ref. 3715] Ribeirão das Pedras, Iporanga, rio Ribeíra de Iguape system, 24°36'S, 48°34'W, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: USNM 92995 [?92995]. Type information: Vari & Howe 1991:15 [ref. 19022]. Genus spelled Coelurichthys in generic account and Coalurichthys in species heading. •Synonym of Mimagoniates microlepis (Steindachner 1877) -- (Schultz 1959:11 [ref. 39721], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:355 [ref. 30495], Mantinian & Miquelarena 2010:416 [ref. 30959]). Current status: Synonym of Mimagoniates microlepis (Steindachner 1877). Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Habitat: freshwater.

iqueima, Hemibrycon García-Melo [J. E.], Albornoz‐Garzón [J. G.], García‐Melo [L. J.], Villa‐Navarro [F. A.] & Maldonado‐Ocampo [J. A.] 2018:3, Figs. 1-4, 7-18a, 19b [Journal of Fish Biology v. 92 (no. 6); ref. 35894] Quebrada Bacallá, Magdalena River basin, Suarez municipality, Tolima Department, Colombia, 3°59'12.4"N, 74°50'43.6"W, elevation 314 meters. Holotype: CZUT-IC 16418. Paratypes: CZUT-IC, IAVHP, MPUJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Hemibrycon iqueima García-Melo, Albornoz‐Garzón, García‐Melo, Villa‐Navarro & Maldonado‐Ocampo 2018. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon iqueima García-Melo, Albornoz‐Garzón, García‐Melo, Villa‐Navarro & Maldonado-Ocampo 2018. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper Magdalena River basin, western slope of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

irisae, Attonitus Vari [R. P.] & Ortega [H.] 2000:133, Fig. 5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 24436] Mouth of Río Huambo, where it empties into Río Pachitea, about 9°39'S, 74°56'W, Province Pachitea, Depto de Huanuco, Peru, elevation 260 meters. Holotype: MUSM 10759. Paratypes: MUSM 6573 (2), 10315 (3), 12751-53 (8, 2, 1); ROM 55894 (10); USNM 349697 (1), 349698 (10, 2 c&s), 349704 (1), 349710 (1). •Valid as Attonitus irisae Vari & Ortega 2000 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:113 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Attonitus irisae Vari & Ortega 2000. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Aguaytia and Pachitea rivers in Ucayali River basin (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

itaimbe, Cyanocharax Malabarba [L. R.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2003:97, Figs. 13, 17-23 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Sér. Zoologia. v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 27141] Arroio Facão at Mãe dos Homens, tributary of Rio Canoas-rio Mampituba, Praia Grande, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 25972. Paratypes: MCP 14707 (9), 14710 (47), 14788 (46, 10 c&s), 14838 (13); MNRJ 23841 (15); MZUSP 43544 (10), 43548 (40), 43549 (50); USNM 323410 (51), 323414 (41), 323416 (10). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Cyanocharax itaimbe Malabarba & Weitzman 2003 -- (Casciotta et al. 2012:39 [ref. 32076], Protogino & Miquelarena 2012:581 [ref. 32123]). •Valid as Diapoma itaimbe (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Ito et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39124]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma itaimbe (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Atlantic coastal drainages, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jabonero, Hemibrycon dentatus Schultz [L. P.] 1944:363, Fig. 55 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 95 (no. 3181); ref. 3960] Río Chama at Estanques, Mérida state, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121455. Paratypes: USNM: 121456 (601, missing), 121457-59 (11, 2, 4), 121460 (now 42), 121461-65 (1, 3, 9, 2, 25); UMMZ 145038 [ex USNM 121460] (5); MCZ 37300 [ex USNM 121460] (5); ZMA 102112 [ex USNM 121456] (10); MHNG [through Géry, ex USNM 121456] (10). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:18 [ref. 19236], Vari & Howe 1991:23 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Hemibrycon dentatus Eigenmann 1913, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Galvis et al. 1997:50 [ref. 23651]). •Valid as Hemibrycon jabonero Schultz 1944 -- (Taphorn 1992:198 [ref. 23654], Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:123 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:80 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:118 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36348], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:15 [ref. 37579], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon jabonero Schultz 1944. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Lake Maracaibo basin (Venezuela and Colombia); ?Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

jacunda, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1913:555, Fig. 17 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Madeira River, about 200 miles east of 62°20'W, Rondônia, near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ANSP 39292. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus jacunda Fowler 1913 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840]). •Mention -- (Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919]). •Valid as Knodus jacunda (Fowler 1913) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). •Synonym of Knodus smithi (Fowler 1913) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira 2024:214 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus smithi (Fowler 1913). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

jelskii, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1876:590 [40] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 18772] Monterico, Río Huambo, Pacific versant of Peru. Lectotype: NMW 57547.3. Paralectotypes: NMW 57546 (3), 57547 (4), 57548-51 (2, 1, 2, 4), 57553-55 (3, 5, 2), 57557 (1) [some specimens are other species]. On p. 40 of separate. Lectotype selected by Ruiz-C. et al. 2023:220 [ref. 40482]. •Valid as Hemibrycon jelskii (Steindachner 1876) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559] as jelski, Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:123 [ref. 29189], Bertaco et al. 2007:256 [ref. 29278], Román-Valencia et al. 2007:185 [ref. 29496] Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:78 [ref. 30718], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:749 [ref. 31076], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:118 [ref. 33572], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137], Ruiz-C. et al. 2023:220 [ref. 40482]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon jelskii (Steindachner 1876). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Huambo River drainage, Pacific versant (Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

joanae, Ceratobranchia Chernoff [B.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1990:286, Figs. 22-23 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 142; ref. 19495] Río Maniapure at crossing of Caicara-Puerto Ayacucho highway, 6°55'48"N, 66°33'22"W, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela [probably 6°55'34.7"N, 66°33'34.8"W]. Holotype: MBUCV-V-18616 [ex ANSP 159214]. Paratypes: ANSP 159215 (1). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:5 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Ceratobranchia joanae Chernoff & Machado-Allison 1990 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Netto-Ferreira 2024:125 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ceratobranchia joanae Chernoff & Machado-Allison 1990. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

jordanensis, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2021:9, Figs. 2A, 3B, 5B, 6B, 8B, 9B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 75; ref. 38586] Río Chicamocha, cuenca del río Magdalena, municipio de Jordán, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 890. Paratypes: CAR 416 (33). •Valid as Creagrutus jordanensis Ardila Rodríguez 2021 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus jordanensis Ardila Rodríguez 2021. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río Chicamocha drainage, upper Magdalena basin, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

juanensis, Bryconamericus Regan [C. T.] 1913:464 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Southwestern Colombia. Syntypes: (10) BMNH 1913.10.1.22-25 (4). •Synonym of Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:28 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

kaingang, Planaltina Deprá [G. C.], da Graça [W. J.], Pavanelli [C. S.], Avelino [G. S.] & Oliveira [C.] 2018:11, Figs 2a, 5, 6a, 7 [PLoS ONE v. 13 (no. 5) e0196291; ref. 35939] Rio Keller, between municipalities of Marialva and Bom Sucesso, tributary to the rio Ivaí, upper rio Paraná basin, Paraná State, Brazil, 23°38'30"S, 51°51'33"W, elevation 517 meters. Holotype: MCP 50191. Paratypes: DZSJRP, MCP, NUP, UFRGS. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:9 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Planaltina kaingang Deprá, da Graça, Pavanelli, Avelino & Oliveira 2018 -- (dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Planaltina kaingang Deprá, da Graça, Pavanelli, Avelino & Oliveira 2018. Stevardiidae: Planaltininae. Distribution: South America: Rio Ivaí and Rio Piquiri drainages, upper rio Paraná basin (Paraná State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

kontos, Monotocheirodon Menezes [N. A.], Weitzman [S. H.] & Quagio-Grassiotto [I.] 2013:139 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo v. 53 (no. 10); ref. 32808] Río Inambari, Sandia, Muspaypampa, 14°14'41"S, 69°25'51"W, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 42542. Paratypes: MUSM, USNM. •Valid as Monotocheirodon kontos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto 2013 -- (Carvalho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40982]). Current status: Valid as Monotocheirodon kontos Menezes, Weitzman & Quagio-Grassiotto 2013. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Madeira River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

kunturus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.], Harold [A. S.] & Ortega [H.] 1995:290, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 21942] Upper Río Comainas, 20 meters upriver of Puesto de Vigilancia No.22, Cordillera del Condor, Peru, 3°56'30"S, 78°24'20"W. Holotype: MUSM 5667. Paratypes: MUSM 5663 (1), 5665 (2), 5668-69 (2, 33), 6593 (1); USNM 335146-48 (1, 2, 2). •Valid as Creagrutus kunturus Vari, Harold & Ortega 1995 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:125 [ref. 25842], Powers & Mayden 2003:578 [ref. 27129], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga S. 2042:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus kunturus Vari, Harold & Ortega 1995. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Marañón River in northeastern Peru, upper Pastaza River and southwestern portion of Napo River in southeastern Ecuador (Ecuador and Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

lambari, Bryconamericus Malabarba [L. R.] & Kindel [A.] 1995:680, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 108 (no. 4); ref. 21922] Small creek under bridge of avenida Ipiranga, Dois Irmaos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 51°07'S, 29°36'W. Holotype: MCP 15448. Paratypes: MCP 15449 (14), 15450 (2, c&s); UFRGS 1784 (7, 2 c&s, 5 stained), 4513 (3), 4539 (1); USNM 324628 (3). •Valid as Bryconamericus lambari Malabara & Kindel 1995 -- (Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001:280 [ref. 26007], Miquelarena et al. 2002:75 [ref. 26517], Casciotta et al. 2002:163 [ref. 26551], Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus lambari Malabarba & Kindel 1995. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Feitoria Creek and tributaries in Caí River basin, Laguna dos Patos drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lambayequensis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2023:37, Fig. 10 [Revista de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Quindío v. 35 (no. 2); ref. 40431] Cañariaco River mouth, Huancamba River, Cañaris, Ferreñafe, Lambayeque, Pacific coast of Peru, 6°38'50.91"S, 79°27'51.01"W. Holotype: MUSM 49506. Paratypes: IUQ 3800 (4), MUSM 31598 (24), 49507 (5). •Valid as Bryconamericus lambayequensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2023. Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus lambayequensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2023. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Pacific coastal rivers of northern Peru, Habitat: freshwater.

landoni, Pterobrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:3 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Boca de Raspadura, junction of the San Pablo with the Raspadura, Colombia. Holotype (unique): FMNH 56250 [ex CM 5051]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:71 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann 1913 -- (Bussing 1998:115 [ref. 24179], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann 1913. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Middle and upper Atrato River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

lassoi, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:128, Fig. 52 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Tupe, Río Aroa drainage, about 12 kilometers north or Aroa, on highway 3, 10°30'19"N, 68°52'33"W, Yaracuy, Venezuela. Holotype: INHS 60094. Paratypes: INHS 28890 (1), 34917 (2), 51283 (22); MCNG 24685 (29); MHNLS 4143 (18); USNM 359487 (5). •Valid as Creagrutus lassoi Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:16 [ref. 38586], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:11 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus lassoi Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Aroa and Yaracuy River basins, Caribbean versant drainages of north-central Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

lassorum, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2002:210, Figs. 1-3 [Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", n.s. v. 4 (no. 2) (for Nov.); ref. 27206] Stream El Caño, 10 kilometers from Aragua to Maturin, Rio Guarapiche-San Juan system, Golfo de Paria basin, 9°55'10"N, 63°24'53"W, Monagas State, Venezuela. Holotype: MNHLS 9407. Paratypes: MNHLS 14424 (13, 2 c&s). •Valid as Bryconamericus lassorum Román-Valencia 2002 -- (Román-Valencia 2005:57 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:23 [ref. 29743], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus lassorum Román-Valencia 2002. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Golfo de Paria basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

lateralis, Coelurichthys Nichols [J. T.] 1913:151 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 26; ref. 14965] South America. Holotype: AMNH 4072. Paratypes: AMNH 4086 (1). See Coelurichthys tenuis Nichols 1913. •Synonym of Mimagoniates inequalis (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Schultz 1959:63 [ref. 39721]). •Valid as Mimagoniates lateralis (Nichols 1913) -- (Weitzman & Fink 1985:109 [ref. 5203], Menezes & Weitzman 1990:386 [ref. 16172], Weitzman et al. 1996:186 [ref. 24771], Weitzman et al. 1996:183 [ref. 24772], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:339 [ref. 30495], Mantinian & Miquelarena 2010:416 [ref. 30959], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2012:784 [ref. 32131], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Mimagoniates lateralis (Nichols 1913). Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: coastal blackwater streams between Santos, São Paulo and Santa Catarina (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

latidens, Landonia Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:2 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Vinces, Colimes, Río Daule, western Ecuador. Holotype: CAS 55297 [ex IU 5409]. Paratypes: (14) CAS 55298 [ex IU 13100] (13), FMNH 56593 (2). Plus additional material. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:50 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Weitzman & Menezes 1998:180 [ref. 23843], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:280 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:145 [ref. 34894], Meza-Vargas et al. 2019:853 [ref. 36992], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566]). Current status: Valid as Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn 1914. Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope (Ecuador and northern Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

lativirgatus, Microgenys Pearson [N. E.] in Eigenmann 1927:355 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 4); ref. 12292] Rio Pusoc [probably Río Púsac], above Balsas, Peru. Syntypes: CAS 47171 [ex IU 17642] (4). The gender is evidently feminine, so name changed to lativirgata. •Valid as Microgenys lativirgata Pearson 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708] as lativirgatus, Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira 2024:218 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Microgenys lativirgata Pearson 1927. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Maranon River drainage, upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

lepiclastus, Cyanocharax Malabarba [L. R.], Weitzman [S. H.] & Casciotta [J. R.] in Malabarba & Weitzman 2003:120, Figs. 33-38 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Sér. Zoologia. v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 27141] Frio Dourados, Linha Várzea, on road between Severiano de Almeida and Aratiba, Severiano de Almeida, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 25751. Paratypes: MCP 12286 (5), 12373 (2 c&s), 12374 (6), 12470 (4), 12790 (2), 12924 (15, 4 c&s), 12972 (3), 12977 (14), 13313 (9), 13362 (2), 14550 (4), 14557 (29, 4 c&s), 15200 (9), 16381 (4), 16398 (2); MLP 10451 [ex Al 103] (5); MNRJ 23842 (8); MZUSP 82259 (9); USNM 357243 (9). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:4 [ref. 34112]. Diapoma is neuter according to Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179]. •Valid as Cyanocharax lepiclastus Malabarba, Weitzman & Casciotta 2003 -- (Koerber 2011:2 [ref. 31122], Casciotta et al. 2012:39 [ref. 32076], Protogino & Miquelarena 2012:581 [ref. 32123], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Diapoma lepiclastus (Malabarba, Weitzman & Casciotta 2003) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632]). •Valid as Diapoma lepiclastum (Malabarba, Weitzman & Casciotta 2003) -- (Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Koerber et al. 2019:3 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Ito et al. 2022:20 [ref. 39124]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma lepiclastum (Malabarba, Weitzman & Casciotta 2003). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

lepidus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.], Harold [A. S.], Lasso [C. A.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1993:352, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 21107] Río Aroa basin, Quebrada El Charal, Finca El Jaguar, Sierra de Aroa, Yaracuy State, Venezuela, about 10°32'N, 68°32'W. Holotype: MHNLS 9659. Paratypes: CAS 79520 (7); MBUCV-V-23560 (12); MHNLS 4144 (12), 4715 (5, ?now 4); USNM 325045 (10). Type catalog: Lasso et al. 1997:41-42 [ref. 23639], Provenzano et al. 1998:6 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Creagrutus lepidus Vari, Harold, Lasso & Machado-Allison 1993 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:131 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus lepidus Vari, Harold, Lasso & Machado-Allison 1993. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Aroa and Urama River basins, Caribbean versant drainages of Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

leptorhynchus, Hypobrycon da Silva [J. F. P.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 1996:46, Figs. 1-2 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 9; ref. 23180] Rio Ibicuí, near pulp mill plant, about 27°33'S, 51°12'W, Rio Uruguai drainage, Campos Novos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 18862. Paratypes: MCP 12346 (76), 12761 (17); USNM 324629 (10); plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Hypobrycon leptorhynchus da Silva & Malabarba 1996 -- (Almirón et al. 2001:35 [ref. 26609], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:141 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Bryconamericus leptorhynchus (da Silva & Malabarba 1996) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus leptorhynchus (da Silva & Malabarba 1996). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Uruguay River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lethostigmus, Odontostoechus Gomes [A. L.] 1947:8, Fig. 1; Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 67; ref. 1830] Backwater of Rio Maquiné, tributary to Lagôa dos Quadros, Conceiçao do Arroio County, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: UMMZ 143272. Paratypes: CAS-SU 40188 (1), UMMZ 143271 (orig. 12, now 11), USNM 143847 [ex UMMZ 143271] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:25 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:32 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Odontostoechus lethostigmus Gomes 1947 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:151 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:542 [ref. 31006], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:383 [ref. 31395]). •Valid as Bryconamericus lethostigmus (Gomes 1947) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus lethostigmus (Gomes 1947). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Maquiné, Três Forquilhas, Mampituba and Araranguá River basins, Tramandai-Mampituba freshwater ecoregion, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

leuciscus, Creagrutus Regan [C. T.] 1913:463 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Río Condoto, Río San Juan basin, southwestern Colombia. Lectotype: BMNH 1913.10.1.6. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1910.1.11.170 (1), 1913.10.1.7 (1). Lectotype selected by Harold & Vari 1994:26 [ref. 21969]. •Synonym of Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:23 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Creagrutus leuciscus Regan 1913 -- (Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:145 [ref. 30645], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:352 [ref. 36150], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:12 [ref. 37904], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:16 [ref. 38586], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus leuciscus Regan 1913. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río San Juan basin, Chocó, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

loisae, Bryconamericus Géry [J.] 1964:46, Fig. 12 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 12 (no. 5, Jan.); ref. 1582] Upper Río Meta [Río Manacacias into upper Río Meta, at Restrepo], Colombia. Holotype: USNM 198645. Paratypes: (7) ANSP 139713 (1), Géry coll. M.356 (orig. 7), MNHN 1980-1426 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:10 [ref. 19022] plus locality information, Böhlke 1984:50 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus loisae Géry 1964 -- (Román-Valencia 1999:112 [ref. 24922], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:24, 46 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2005:57 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:24 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia 2010:201 [ref. 31063], DoNascimiento 2016:528 [ref. 34727]). •Valid as Hemibrycon loisae (Géry 1964) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Moreno-Burbano et al. 2025:14 [ref. 42549]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon loisae (Géry 1964). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia and Venezuela). IUCN (2021): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

londonoi, Creagrutus Fowler [H. W.] 1945:3, Figs. 1-3 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 158; ref. 13140] Honda, Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 71610. Paratypes: ANSP 71611-18 (8), 71619 (1, c&s), 71620 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:50 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:23 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:150 [ref. 30645]). Current status: Synonym of Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Habitat: freshwater.

longus, Knodus Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 2006:52, Figs. 1-2 [Zoologische Abhandlungen, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde. v. 55; ref. 28753] Río Harinilla [Warinilla] near Choiro, Bolivia, elevation 1400 meters. Holotype: MTD F 28853. Paratypes: Géry coll. (1); MTD F 28854 (1). •Valid as Knodus longus Zarske & Géry 2006 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Knodus longus Zarske & Géry 2006. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Harinilla River, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

lorethae, Hemibrycon Ruiz-C [R. I.], Román-Valencia [C.], Bastidas [A. M.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2023:225, Fig. 11 [Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 40482] Quebrada Norte, Rashajosa A., Ucayali, Loreto, Perú. Holotype: MUSM 15901. Paratypes: MUSM. •Valid as Hemibrycon lorethae Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon lorethae Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Ucayali and upper Urubamba River drainages, Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

macarenae, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], García-Alzate [C. A.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2010:197, Figs. 1-2 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v.33 (no. 2); ref. 31063] Orinoco River Basin, Blanco River drainage, Pringamosal Creek, 500 meters from La Palestina School, 3°03'15"N, 73°49'54'W, La Palestina village, Vista Herosa, Departamento Meta, Colombia, elevation 282 meters. Holotype: IUQ 2448. Paratypes: Many at AUM, IUQ. •Valid as Bryconamericus macarenae Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Knodus macarenae (Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010) -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761], Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus macarenae (Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Güejar River drainage, Orinoco River basin, Meta, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

machadoi, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:134, Fig. 54 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Upper Río Caura, Caño Yumucukenã, within 4 kilometers its mouth, Departmento Cedeno, Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 18852. Paratypes: MCNG 18896 (3), 41717 (6); USNM 359641 (2). •Valid as Creagrutus machadoi Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:123-124 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Taphorn et al. 2022:14 [ref. 41297] as cf. machadoi). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus machadoi Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

machadoi, Gephyrocharax Ferreira [K. M.], Faria [É. de], Ribeiro [A. C.], Santana [J. C. O.], Quagio-Grassioto [I.] & Menezes [N. A.] 2018:162, Figs. 1-2, 4-8 [Zootaxa 4415 (no. 1); ref. 35911] Rio Sepotuba, Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 14°30'05"S, 57°34'39"W. Holotype: CPUFMT 2429. Paratypes: CPUFMT, MZUSP. •Valid as Gephyrocharax machadoi Ferreira, Faria, Ribeiro, Santana, Quagio-Grassioto & Menezes 2018. Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax machadoi Ferreira, Faria, Ribeiro, Santana, Quagio-Grassioto & Menezes 2018. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Upper Rio Paraguai basin, Mato Grosso, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

macrophthalmus, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2003:8, Figs. 1-6 [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). No. 6; ref. 27070] Río Negro, rapid above the mouth of Río Casiquiare, about 10 kilometers north of San Carlos de Río Negro, about 2°02'00"N, 67°25'00"W [probably 2°02'20"N, 67°06'16"W], Río Orinoco basin, Amazonas State, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUC 29392. Paratypes: IUQ 428 (6), MBUCV 11381 (10). •Valid as Bryconamericus macrophthalmus Román-Valencia 2003 -- (Román-Valencia 2005:58 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:25 [ref. 29743], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Knodus macrophthalmus (Román-Valencia 2003) -- (Ferreira & Lima 2025:587 [ref. 42370]). Current status: Valid as Knodus macrophthalmus (Román-Valencia 2003). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Rio Negro drainages (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

macropinna, Cyanocharax Malabarba [L. R.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2003:134, Figs. 5, 8, 16, 45-49 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Sér. Zoologia. v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 27141] Arroio Pai-Passo, on road Santana do Livramento-Alegrete (RS 183), Quaraí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 25973. Paratypes: MCP 9057 (2), 11340 (33), 11341 (4), 11401 (2), 12622 (125), 13350 (8), 14291 (11, 7 c), 14598 (19, 7 c), 15081 (4), 15092 (9), 15099 (5), 16382 (16), 16384 (10); MNRJ 23844 (25); MZUSP 82261 (25); USNM 319750 (50). •Synonym of Cyanocharax uruguayensis (Messner 1962) -- (Malabarba et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27836], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117]). •Synonym of Diapoma uruguayense (Messner 1962). Current status: Synonym of Diapoma uruguayense (Messner 1962). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

macropus, Xenurobrycon Myers [G. S.] & Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1945:5, Fig. 1 [Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia, Nova Série No. 32; ref. 3131] Rio Bodoquena, Rio Paraguay system, Matto Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ ?. Paratypes: CAS-SU 40764 (2). Other paratypes in MNRJ (14). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:27 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Xenurobrycon macropus Myers & Miranda Ribeiro 1945 -- (Weitzman 1987:113 [ref. 5982], Weitzman & Burns 1997:139 [ref. 24512], Britski et al. 1999:49 [ref. 24147], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:280 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Moreira 2005:855 [ref. 28474], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mendonça et al. 2016:[7] [ref. 34350], Koerber et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35267], Menezes & Camelier 2024:285 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Xenurobrycon macropus Myers & Miranda Ribeiro 1945. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

maculosus, Creagrutus Román-Valencia [C.], García-Alzate [C. A.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2010:88, Figs. 1-8 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 1); ref. 30781] Guadualito Creek drainage, 3°05'34"N, 73°51'53"W, Buenos Aires village, Vista Hermosa municípality, Güejar River, Meta State, Colombia. Holotype: IUQ 2506. Paratypes: many at AUM, IUQ. •Valid as Creagrutus maculosus Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:352 [ref. 36150]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus maculosus Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

madeirae, Tyttocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1913:564, Fig. 20 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira tributary, near Porto Velho, Brazil (about 8°45'S, 63°55'W). Holotype: ANSP 39305. Paratypes: ANSP 39306 (1) USNM 92961 (1) [see p. 108, ref. 5203]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:50 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Tyttocharax madeirae Fowler 1913 -- (Weitzman & Fink 1985:109 [ref. 5203], Weitzman & Ortega 1995:134 [ref. 21874], Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Weitzman & Burns 1997:136 [ref. 24512], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2012:519 [ref. 32203], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745] as Tythocharax, Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:25 [ref. 42137], Menezes & Camelier 2024:284 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tyttocharax madeirae Fowler 1913. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Bolivia). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

magdalenae, Creagrutus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:8 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Girardot, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56088 [ex CM 4880]. Paratypes: (over 100, CM and IU) CAS 41641 [ex IU 12722] (18), 60056-57 [ex IU 12725-26] (6, 8); FMNH 56089 (20), 56092-93 (7, 9), 69730 (72). •Valid as Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann 1913 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:16 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:148 [ref. 30645], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:348 [ref. 36150], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:12 [ref. 37904], Ardila Rodríguez 2021:15 [ref. 38586], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:11 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann 1913. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Magdalena and lower Cauca River basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

magdalenensis, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:14 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Girardot, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56263 [ex CM 5063]. Paratypes: (Numerous, CM and IU) BMNH 1924.3.3.37-38 (2); CAS 40827, 61328-32 [ex IU 12821-26] (45, 45, 9, 7, 23, 246); FMNH 56264-65 (33, 40), 56267-71 (2, 10, 8, 24, 30), 56275 (2), 69760 (526); USNM 79176 (4), 236097 (49). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:11 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Argopleurinae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

magoi, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:137, Fig. 55 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Chaviripa, where crossed by bridge on road from Caicara to San Fernado de Atabapo, about 7°11'N, 66°18'W, Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: UF 80477. Paratypes: ANSP 159834-35 (10, 10), 161405 (1); MBUCV V-17787 (8); UF 11079 (6), 80423 (5); USNM 353305-06 (2, 2), 353863 (1), 353864 (2, 1 c&s), 355118 (2). •Valid as Creagrutus magoi Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[12] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus magoi Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Chaviripa and Parguaza River basins, right bank tributaries to the Orinoco River, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

major, Gephyrocharax Myers [G. S.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:479 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Río Popoi [Popoy River], Upper Río Beni, Amazon system, Bolivia, circa 15°37'0.12"S, 67°17'60.0"W, elevation 532 meters. Lectotype: CAS 44286 [ex IU 17291]. Paralectotypes: CAS 236011 [ex IU 17291] (8). Additional non-type material: CAS 46027 [ex IU 17290] (9), 46028 [ex IU 17293] (1), 46029 [ex IU 17292] (5), 78813 [ex IU 17289] (23). Lectotype selected by Vanegas-Ríos 2016:45 [ref. 34359]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax major Myers 1929 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745] as Gephyocharax, Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:38 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], Ferreira et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35911], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax major Myers 1929. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

mamorensis, Hemibrycon Ruiz-C [R. I.], Román-Valencia [C.], Bastidas [A. M.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2023:227, Fig. 13 [Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 40482] Isiboro/Chipiriri, Colonia San Carlos, Mamoré River drainage, Amazon River basin, Bolivia, 16°52'31.7"S, 65°22'1.8"W. Holotype: UMSS 1545. Paratypes: UMSS. •Valid as Hemibrycon mamorensis Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon mamorensis Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Mamoré River drainage, Amazon basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

manu, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:140, Fig. 56 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Manu basin, Parque Nacional Manu, Quebrada Agua Clara, first major quebrada on trial 1 leading from Pakitza, about 11°57'S, 71°17'W, Provincia Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 8867. Paratypes: MUSM 8868 (1); USNM 303067 (2), 313476 (1), 326903 (1, c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus manu Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus manu Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Manu River basin in southeastern Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

maracaiboensis, Creagrutops Schultz [L. P.] 1944:327, Figs. 45-46 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 95 (no. 3181); ref. 3960] Río Negro below mouth of Río Yasa, Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121531. Paratypes: USNM 121532 (orig. 48, now 42, 1 c&s), UMMZ 145042 [ex USNM 121532] (2), MCZ 37280 [ex USNM 121532] (2), MHNG [ex USNM 121532] (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:15 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Creagrutus maracaiboensis (Schultz 1944) -- (Harold & Vari 1994:10 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:145 [ref. 30645], Harold & Salcedo 2010:382 [ref. 30692], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:348 [ref. 36150]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus maracaiboensis (Schultz 1944). Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo and Río Rancheria basins, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

mariposa, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2021:5, Figs. 1, 3A, 5A, 6A, 8A, 9A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 75; ref. 38586] Quebrada La Ruitoca (En Pozo Azul), Vereda del Valle de Ruitoque, afluente del río de Oro, cuenca alta del río Lebrija, cuenca del río Magdalena, municipio de Floridablanca, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 877. Paratypes: CAR. •Valid as Creagrutus mariposa Ardila Rodríguez 2021 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus mariposa Ardila Rodríguez 2021. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río de Oro drainage, upper Magdalena basin, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

maromba, Hypobrycon Malabarba [M. C. S. L.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 1994:20, Figs. 1-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 21373] Rio das Marombas, under Irineu Bronhausen bridge, Santa Catarina, Brazil, about 27°11'S, 50°38'W. Holotype: MCP 15757. Paratypes: MCP 15640 (3), 15641 (3, 1 c&s); USNM 324629 (2). •Valid as Hypobrycon maromba Malabarba & Malabarba 1994 -- (da Silva & Malabarba 1996:49 [ref. 23180], Almirón et al. 2001:35 [ref. 26609], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:141 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Bryconamericus maromba (Malabarba & Malabarba 1994) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus maromba (Malabarba & Malabarba 1994). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Upper Uruguay River basin, Brazil and Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

martae, Gephyrocharax Dahl [G.] 1943:218 [4], Fig. [Förhandlingar / Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund = Proceedings of the Royal Physiographic Society at Lund v. 12 (no. 18); ref. 13198] Río Batatal, tributary to Río San Jorge, Río Magdalena system, Municipio of Ayapel, Bolivar Department, Colombia, elevation about 800 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMUL 939/3703 [bad condition]. On p. 4 of separate. •Valid as Gephyrocharax martae Dahl 1943 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2013:276 [ref. 32748], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:47 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax martae Dahl 1943. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: San Jorge River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

martinezi, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2021:12, Figs. 2C, 4B, 5D, 7B, 8D, 9D [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 75; ref. 38586] Quebrada La Salitre, cuenca del río Magdalena, Municipio de San Vicente de Chucurí, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 905. Paratypes: CAR 13 (4), 885 (9). •Valid as Creagrutus martinezi Ardila Rodríguez 2021 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:12 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus martinezi Ardila Rodríguez 2021. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: La Salitre stream, upper Magdalena basin, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

maxillaris, Creagrudite Myers [G. S.] 1927:118 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Sandbank on the Colombian border at Cucuhy, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 30419 [ex IU 17682]. Paratypes: CAS 30420 [ex IU 17684] (2), CAS-SU 18071 [ex IU 17683] (1), MCZ 31572 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:23 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Creagrutus maxillaris (Myers 1927) -- (Vari & Harold 1998:256 [ref. 23845], Vari & Harold 2001:142 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:578 [ref. 33181], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:352 [ref. 36150], Flausino & Lima 2019:7 [ref. 36726], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus maxillaris (Myers 1927). Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and rivers draining the Guiana Shield, upper Negro River in Venezuela, and other localities (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

megalops, Knodus Myers [G. S.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:527 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 61845 [ex IU 17668]. •Valid as Knodus megalops Myers 1929 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Zarske 2008:169 [ref. 29918], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Knodus megalops Myers 1929. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Peru and Ecuador). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

megalostomus, Hysteronotus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:171, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Rio das Velhas, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54889 [ex CM 3551]. Paratypes: (6, CM) CAS 60471 [ex IU 13171] (4), FMNH 54890 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:49 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hysteronotus megalostomus Eigenmann 1911 -- (Weitzman & Menezes 1998:186 [ref. 23843], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Menezes et al. 2016:496 [ref. 34593], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727]). Current status: Valid as Hysteronotus megalostomus Eigenmann 1911. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais and Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

megantoniensis, Hemibrycon Ruiz-C [R. I.], Román-Valencia [C.], Bastidas [A. M.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2023:224, Fig. 10 [Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 40482] Quebrada Piriabindeni, Río Parotori, Megantoni, La Convención, Cusco, Perú. Holotype: MUSM 37001. Paratypes: MUSM. •Valid as Hemibrycon megantoniensis Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon megantoniensis Ruiz-C, Román-Valencia, Bastidas & Taphorn 2023. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: upper Urubam and Ucayali River drainages, Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

melanocheir, Gephyrocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:24 [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Bernal Creek near Honda, Colombia, 5°12'14.89"N, 74°45'44.32"W, altitude 455 meters. Neotype: FMNH 125572. Paratypes: (30, CM and IU) CAS 44292-93 [ex IU 12696-97] (6, 4); FMNH 56050-51 (6, 4), 69554 (9, now 7, one lost); USNM 79209 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:39 [ref. 12367]. Holotype FMNH 56049 lost. Neotype designated by Vanegas-Ríos 2016:58 [ref. 34359]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax melanocheir Eigenmann 1912 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2013:276 [ref. 32748], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:52 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax melanocheir Eigenmann 1912. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Magdalena, San Jorge, Ranchería, and Caribbean basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

melanogenys, Glandulocauda Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:168, Pl. 5 (fig. 6) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Município of Santo André, headwaters of rio Tietê, ca. 23°45'S, 46°20'W, Alto da Serra [Campo Grande], São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54891 [ex CM 3553]. Paratypes: (21, CM) CAS 60468 [IU 13287, CM 3554] (2), 60470 [ex IU 13273, CM 3558] (2); FMNH 15025-26 (2), 54892 (18), 54895-96 (1, 2); USNM 177724 [ex FMNH, ex CM 3554] (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:39 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:23 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Mimagoniates melanogenys (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Schultz 1959:10 [ref. 39721]). •Valid as Glandulocauda melanogenys Eigenmann 1911 -- (Menezes & Weitzman 1990:384 [ref. 16172], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161]). •Synonym of Glandulocauda melanopleura (Ellis 1911) -- (Menezes & Weitzman 2009:309 [ref. 30495] in Glandulocaudinae). Current status: Synonym of Glandulocauda melanopleura (Ellis 1911). Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Habitat: freshwater.

melanohumeralis, Rhinopetitia Menezes [N. A.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2019:80, Figs. 22-25 [Zootaxa 4700 (no. 1); ref. 37097] Rio Culuene, Rio Xingu basin, Campinápolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°32'15"S, 52°47'45"W. Holotype: MZUSP 124122. Paratypes: INPA, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Rhinopetitia melanohumeralis Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019. Current status: Valid as Rhinopetitia melanohumeralis Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Small tributaries of the rivers Teles Pires, Tapajós and Xingu, Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

melanopleura, Glandulocauda Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:170, Pl. 5 (fig. 6 or 7) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Rio Iguaçu at Serrinha Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54895 [ex CM 3557]. Paratypes: (5, CM) CAS 60470 (2), USNM 177725 [ex FMNH 54896] (1), FMNH 54896 (3, now 2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:39 [ref. 12367]. Also appeared in Eigenmann 1911:157, fig. 2 on Pl.3 [ref. 1226]. Secondarily preoccupied in Glandulocauda by Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis 1911; replaced by Glandulocauda caerulea Menezes & Weitzman 2009. Valid as Mimagoniates melanopleura (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Schultz 1959:11 [ref. 39721]). •Valid as Glandulocauda melanopleura Eigenmann 1911 -- (Menezes & Weitzman 1990:384 [ref. 16172], López et al. 2002:59 [ref. 26808], Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add.5 [ref. 33893]). •Synonym of Glandulocauda caerulea Menezes & Weitzman 2009 -- (Menezes & Weitzman 2009:317 [ref. 30495]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Glandulocauda caerulea Menezes & Weitzman 2009. Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Habitat: freshwater.

melanopleurus, Hyphessobrycon Ellis [M. D.] 1911:157, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1, art. 2); ref. 1269] Município of Santo André, headwaters of rio Tietê, ca. 23°45'S, 46°20'W, Alto da Serra [Campo Grande], São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54413 [ex CM 3035]. Paratypes: FMNH 54414 [ex CM 3036] (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:65 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:48 [ref. 12367]. Not the same as Glandulocauda melanopleura Eigenmann 1911. See Menezes & Weitzman 2009:316 [ref. 30495] for remarks on the type locality. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis 1911 -- (Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:138 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2006:47 [ref. 28750]). •Valid as Glandulocauda melanopleura (Ellis 1911) -- (Menezes & Weitzman 2009:309 [ref. 30495] in Glandulocaudinae, Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Glandulocauda melanopleura (Ellis 1911). Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: upper Tietê River basin and adjoining coastal rivers, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

melanzonus, Creagrutus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1909:30 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Crab Falls, Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 52705 [ex CM 1067]. Paratypes: (5, CM and IU) CAS 30421-22 [ex IU 11753-54] (1, 2), FMNH 51706-07 (1, 1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Creagrutus melanzonus Eigenmann 1909 -- (Planquette et al. 1996:324 [ref. 22818], Vari & Harold 2001:146 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[12] [ref. 35679], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:352 [ref. 36150], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:14 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus melanzonus Eigenmann 1909. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Cuyani River of eastern Venezuela to Sinnamary River basin French Guiana (French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

melasma, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.], Harold [A. S.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 1994:91, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 107 (no. 1); ref. 21268] Río Orituco, first bridge along road from Santa Teresa to Altagracia, Parque Nacional Guatopo, Guarico, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-22198. Paratypes: ANSP 134171 (48); CAS 79622 (10); INHS 60021 (10); MBUCV-V-21257 (74 not 56), V-24020 (2); MCNG 15354 (56), 24622 (34); MHNLS 503 (6); USNM 219615-6 (3, 1). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:269 [ref. 23225], Lasso et al. 1997:42 [ref. 23639], Provenzano et al. 1998:6 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Creagrutus melasma Vari, Harold & Taphorn 1994 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:149 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento 2016:529 [ref. 34727], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus melasma Vari, Harold & Taphorn 1994. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin and Tuy and Neveri rivers of Caribbean Sea versant, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

menezesi, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:153, Figs. 63-64 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Tocantins basin, Ribeirão Paranoa do Meio, at road crossing 11 air kilometers north northeast of Formosa, about 15°25'S, 47°18'W, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 50544. Paratypes: MNRJ 12614 (8), 17333 (10), 17338 (11); MZUSP 50545 (8); USNM 292229 (11, 2 c&s), 350456 [in part ex MNRJ 16566] (10), 350456 [in part ex MNRJ 16562] (5). •Valid as Creagrutus menezesi Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2022:41 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus menezesi Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantis River basin and tentatively Bronco and Negro River near mouth of Branco (northeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mennii, Bryconamericus Miquelarena [A. M.], Protogino [L. C.], Filiberto [R.] & López [H. L.] 2002:71, Figs. 1-2 [aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 26517] Cuña-Pirú creek, 27°10'S, 54°57'W, Depto Cainguás, Misiones Province, Argentina. Holotype: CFA-IC 11251 [ILPLA 1251]. Paratypes: CFA-IC 11060 [ILPLA 1060] (4), 11064 [ILPLA 1164] (5), 11065 [ILPLA 1165] (5), 11066 [ILPLA 1166] (12), 11329 [ILPLA 1329] (12, c&s), 11330 [ILPLA 1330] (7); MLP 9768 (2). Type catalog: Koerber 2007:2 [ref. 29776], Miquelarena et al. 2009:54-55 [ref. 34389], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:7 [ref. 33466] as menni, Bogan et al. 2019:13 [ref. 37088] as menni. •Valid as Bryconamericus mennii Miquelarena, Protogino, Filiberto & López 2002 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:582 [ref. 27482], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870] as menni, Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Mirande 2010:538 [ref. 31006], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus mennii Miquelarena, Protogino, Filiberto & López 2002. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: tributaries of lower Paraná River in Misiones Province (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

meridae, Knodus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:216 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 7 (no. 38) (art. 24); ref. 1225] Merida, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1908.5.29.148. •Valid as Bryconamericus meridae (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Galvis et al. 1997:42 [ref. 23651], Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2005:58 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:24 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia 2010:201 [ref. 31063]). •Valid as Knodus meridae Eigenmann 1911 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:382 [ref. 31395], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:129 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180]). Current status: Valid as Knodus meridae Eigenmann 1911. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Merida, Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

meridionalis, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:157, Fig. 65 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Ribeirão Chiqueirão, tributary of Rio Jangada that drains into the Rio Cuiabá, about 21 kilometers west of Jangada on road to Barra do Bugres, Município de Jangada, Mato Brosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 50546. Paratypes: FML 2527 (1), MCP 18738 (13), MNHNP 2999 (13), MZUSP 50547 (12, 1 c&s), NRM 22619 (20), USNM 341363 (12, 2 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus meridionalis Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:581 [ref. 33181], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2017:33 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus meridionalis Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Paraguay River basin in Mato Grosso State and eastern tributaries to Paraguay River: Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

metae, Hemibrycon Myers [G. S.] 1930:68 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 43; ref. 12360] Guaicaramo, at junction of Río Guavio and Río Upía, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 23727. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Hemibrycon metae Myers 1930 -- (Taphorn 1992:197 [ref. 23654], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:129 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008:74 [ref. 29744], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:78 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010:340 [ref. 30721], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:752 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:119 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36348], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:14 [ref. 37579], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760], Moreno-Burbano et al. 2025:14 [ref. 42549]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon metae Myers 1930. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: southern flank of the Andean Orinoco River basin (Colombia), and Orinoco River and Caribbean basins (Venezuela). IUCN (2021): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

metae, Tyttocharax Román-Valencia [C.], García-Alzate [C. A.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2012:520, Figs. 1-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 32203] Arroyo Pringamosal, tributary of arroyo Blanco, 500 meters below Palestina School, 3°05'22"N, 73°49'27"W, río Güejar system, río Orinoco basin, Vista Hermosa near Palestina, Meta, Colombia, elevation 240 meters. Holotype: IUQ 2581. Paratypes: many at AUM, IUQ, MPUJ. •Valid as Tyttocharax metae Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2012 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Menezes & Camelier 2024:284 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tyttocharax metae Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2012. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Güejar River drainage, Orinoco basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

metropolitana, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2024:8, Figs. 1, 2, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 99; ref. 41561] Río Sevilla, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 1024. Paratypes: CAR 1007 (15), CAR 1077 (77, 5 at Museo de la Universidad del Atlántico). •Valid as Creagrutus metropolitana Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus metropolitana Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río Sevilla drainage, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

microcephalus, Astyanax Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1908:[3] [Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro [Rev. Art. Sci. Litt.] v. 5 (no. 2) (for 1907); ref. 3715] Rio Bethary [Betari], tributary of Rio Ribeira, Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 2576A. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 2576 (1). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:396 [ref. 12732]. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:396 [ref. 12732] [but perhaps specimen not isolated]; same specimen also selected by Bizerril & Perez-Neto 1995:15 [ref. 22473]. •Valid as Bryconamericus microcephalus (Miranda Ribeiro 1908) -- (Bizerril & Perez-Neto 1995:15 [ref. 22473], Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:440 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Pedroso et al. 2024:14 [ref. 40856]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus microcephalus (Miranda Ribeiro 1908). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Ribeira de Iguapé River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

microformaa, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Ruiz-C. [R. I.] 2007:122, Figs. 1-4 [Caldasia v. 29 (no. 1); ref. 29189] Certegui, Cuenca alta del Río Atrato, río Chintadó, 100 meters abajo del puente en la vía Yuto-Certegui, Chocó, Colombia. Holotype: IUQ 510. Paratypes: IUQ 511 (7), 512 (1), 513 (2), 514 (4); MTD F 27628 (1). •Valid as Hemibrycon microformaa Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007 -- (Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008:74 [ref. 29744], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:80 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:120 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon microformaa Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Atrato River, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

microlepis, Paragoniates Steindachner [F.] 1877:591 [33] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 74 (1. Abth.); ref. 4224] Brooks near Rio de Janeiro, Rio dos Macacos, probably at Macacu, ca. 22°26'S, 42°49'W, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 56534. Paralectotypes: (several) NMW 56534:1 (1). On p. 33 of separate. Lectotype apparently selected by Menezes & Weitzman 2009:364 [ref. 30495]. •Valid as Paragoniates microlepis Steindachner 1877 -- (Menezes & Weitzman 1990:386 [ref. 16172]). •Valid as Mimagoniates microlepis (Steindachner 1877) -- (Schultz 1959:10 [ref. 39721], Weitzman et al. 1996:186 [ref. 24771], Weitzman et al. 1996:201 [ref. 24773], Malabarba & Weitzman 1999:422 [ref. 24417], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:279 [ref. 24413], López et al. 2002:59 [ref. 26808], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061] dated 1876, Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:355 [ref. 30495], Mantinian & Miquelarena 2010:416 [ref. 30959], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2012:784 [ref. 32131], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966], dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Menezes & Camelier 2024:221 [ref. 40817], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:40 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Mimagoniates microlepis (Steindachner 1877). Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: coastal areas, southern Bahia to northern Rio Grande do Sul states and adjacent basins (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mikrostiktos, Hemibrycon Bertaco [V. A.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2010:754, Figs. 16-17 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 4); ref. 31076] Río Aguaytía, río Negro, upper río Ucayali basin, Aguaytía, Padre Abad, Ucayali, Peru, 9°02'34"S, 75°30'45"W. Holotype: MUSM 35490. Paratypes: MCP 44521 (10, 3 c&s), MUSM 15845 (187), UFRGS 12003 (10). •Valid as Hemibrycon mikrostiktos Bertaco & Malabarba 2010 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2014:120 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon mikrostiktos Bertaco & Malabarba 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: upper río Ucayali drainage, Ucayali (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

minutus, Microbrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] & Wilson [C.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:3 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Río Truando, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56606 [ex CM 5422]. Paratypes: CAS 61961 [ex IU 13109] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:68 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:56 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Pterobrycon minutus (Eigenmann & Wilson 1914). •Synonym of Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann 1913 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann 1913. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

minutus, Microgenys Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:22 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Piedra de Moler, upper Cauca basin, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56215 [ex CM 5007]. Paratypes: CAS 47170 [ex IU 12818] (1), FMNH 56216 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:66 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:56 [ref. 12367]. The genus is evidently feminine, so name changed to minuta. •Valid as Microgenys minuta Eigenmann 1913 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633], Netto-Ferreira 2024:218 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Microgenys minuta Eigenmann 1913. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Cauca River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

miraensis, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1945:99, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 97; ref. 1454] Ricaurte on the Río Guebo, Río Mira basin, Nariño Dept., Pacific Slope of southwestern Colombia, elevation 3900 feet. Holotype: ANSP 71686. Paratypes: ANSP 71687-92 (6), 71693 (1, c&s), 71694 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus miraensis Fowler 1945 -- (Román-Valencia 2000:453 [ref. 25256], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:21, 32 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2011:844 [ref. 31565]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon miraensis (Fowler 1945) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Malabarba 2024:155 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon miraensis (Fowler 1945). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Mira River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

misei, Bryconamericus Pedroso [T. H.], Deprá [G. C.] & Pavanelli [C. S.] 2024:4, Figs. 1-4A, 4C [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 1): e230049; ref. 40856] Unnamed stream, tributary to the rio Capivara, rio Piquiri basin, Campina do Simão, Paraná State, Brazil, 25°05'43.02"S, 51°49'29.00"W. Holotype: NUP 24255. Paratypes: MZUEL, NUP. Holotype in Figs. 3 and 4A,C as NUP 24150. •Valid as Bryconamericus misei Pedroso, Deprá & Pavanelli 2024. Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus misei Pedroso, Deprá & Pavanelli 2024. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Piquiri, Ivaí and Tibagi River drainages, Paraná River basin, Paraná State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

mizquae, Astyanax Fowler [H. W.] 1943:4, Fig. 3 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 120; ref. 1442] Río Mizque, Ele Ele, Cochabamba, Bolivia, elevation 5000 feet. Holotype: ANSP 69176. Paratypes: ANSP 69177-92 (16, 1 missing), Géry coll. (1) [ex ANSP 69177]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Knodus mizquae (Fowler 1943) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2006:52 [ref. 28753], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Knodus mizquae (Fowler 1943). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon basin (Brazil, Bolivia and Peru). IUCN (2009): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

moenkhausii, Poecilurichthys Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:522 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Brook near Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 55102 [ex IU 10001]. Paratypes: AMNH 1463 (2); CAS 55103 [ex IU 10002] (1), 55104 [IU 10003] (orig. 9, now 4); FMNH 52601 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:68 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745] as cf. moenkhausii, Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35267], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727] as cf. moenkhausii, Kampfert et al. 2025:282 [ref. 42023], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:56 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Paraná and Jequitinhonha River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, ?Ecuador, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru). Introduced in southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

mojicai, Chrysobrycon Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.] & Urbano-Bonilla [A.] 2017:2346, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 90 (no. 6); ref. 35265] Colombia, Amazonas Department, Leticia, Amacayacu National Natural Park, Amazon River basin, unnamed forest stream tributary of Matamatá River, 3°48'23"S, 70°15'58"W, elevation 86 meters. Holotype: IAvH-P 13932. Paratypes: IAvH-P, MPUJ. Plus additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Chrysobrycon mojicai Vanegas-Ríos & Urbano-Bonilla 2017 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2024:683 [ref. 41166], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2025:9 [ref. 41972]). Current status: Valid as Chrysobrycon mojicai Vanegas-Ríos & Urbano-Bonilla 2017. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

molinus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:159, Fig. 66 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Araguaia basin, riacho (small stream) tributary to Ribeirão Lajeadinho, Município de Alto Araguaia, about 17°19'S, 53°12'W, mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP 41461. •Valid as Creagrutus molinus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus molinus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

motatanensis, Bryconamericus beta Schultz [L. P.] 1944:341, Fig. 50 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 95 (no. 3181); ref. 3960] Río San Juan at bridge south of Mene Grande, Motatán system, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121477. Paratypes: USNM 121478 (orig. 77, now 74), 121479-80 (10, 1), 121481 (orig. 45, now 35, 1 missing); MHNG (2) [through Géry, ex USNM 121478] (2); MCZ 37291 [ex USNM 121481] (5); UMMZ 145030 [ex USNM 121481] (5). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:9-10 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus motatanensis Schults 1944 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:29 [ref. 27037], Román-Valencia 2003:7 [ref. 27070], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2002:209 [ref. 27206], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2005:60 [ref. 28949], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento 2016:528 [ref. 34727]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus motatanensis Schultz 1944. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Orinoco and Lake Maracaibo basins, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

mucipu, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:162, Fig. 68 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Tocantins, at port of Rubao, 13°44'31"S, 48°08'29"W, Município de Minaçu, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 19511. Paratypes: MNRJ 17337 (6), USNM 350449 (2). •Valid as Creagrutus mucipu Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018:255 [ref. 35759], Flausino & Lima 2019:6 [ref. 36726]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus mucipu Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins and Xingu River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

muelleri, Leporinus Günther [A.] 1859:92 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1859 (pt 1); ref. 18209] Andes of western Ecuador. Lectotype: BMNH 1858.7.25.42 (82.5 mm SL). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1858.7.25.43-45 (4). Originally as mülleri, change mandatory. Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:165 [ref. 25842]. •Valid as Creagrutus muelleri (Günther 1859) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:28 [ref. 37559] as mulleri, Vari & Harold 2001:165 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Harold & Salcedo 2010:382 [ref. 30692], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus muelleri (Günther 1859). Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: rivers of eastern slope of the Andean piedmont (Ecuador and Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

multiradiatus, Bryconamericus Dahl [G.] 1960:471, Fig. [Caldasia v. 8 (no. 39); ref. 9310] Small brook in front of village of Riosucio, lower Río Atrato system, western Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 82. Paratypes: ICNMHN 58 (4). Type catalog: Cala 1981:2-3 [ref. 23525], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:12 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Bryconamericus multiradiatus Dahl 1960 -- (Román-Valencia 2000:456 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2002:213 [ref. 27206], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:21, 32 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1749 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Hemibrycon multiradiatus (Dahl 1960) -- (García-Melo et al. 2018:[2] [ref. 35894], García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon multiradiatus (Dahl 1960). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Atrato River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

myersi, Hysteronotus Weitzman [S. H.] & Thomerson [J. E.] 1970:140, Figs. 1-5 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 38 (no. 8); ref. 7790] Stream tributary of Río Pachitea, northeastern Tournavista, Huanuco Province, Peru. Holotype: USNM 203697. Paratypes: ANSP 112325-26 (2, 3); TU 56456 (2); USNM 203698 (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:28 [ref. 19022], Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621], Bart & Taylor 1993:31 [ref. 20906]. •Valid as Hysteronotus myersi Weitzman & Thomerson 1970 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Chrysobrycon myersi (Weitzman & Thomerson 1970) -- (Weitzman & Menezes 1998:187 [ref. 23843], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2011:731 [ref. 31720], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2014:297 [ref. 33375], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2015:181 [ref. 34047], Vanegas-Ríos & Urbano-Bonilla 2017:2354 [ref. 35265], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2024:683 [ref. 41166], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2025:9 [ref. 41972]). Current status: Valid as Chrysobrycon myersi (Weitzman & Thomerson 1970). Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon basin (Peru and Ecuador). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

myersi, Planaltina Böhlke [J. E.] 1954:267, Fig. 3 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 594] "Sarandi brook," Planaltina, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 18636. •Valid as Planaltina myersi Böhlke 1954 -- (Weitzman & Menezes 1998:184 [ref. 23843], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes et al. 2003:561 [ref. 27327], Weitzman et al. 2005:357 [ref. 28384], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2018:17 [ref. 35939]). Current status: Valid as Planaltina myersi Böhlke 1954. Stevardiidae: Planaltininae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paranaíba drainage, upper Paraná and São Francisco River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

myersi, Rhinopetitia Géry [J.] 1964:454, Fig. 3; Pl. 4a [Vie et Milieu Suppl. No. 17; ref. 1583] Ilha do Bananal, upper Rio Araguaia, Brazil. Holotype: MHNG 2229.03 [ex Géry coll. M.194,1]. Type catalog: Weber 1998:9 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Rhinopetitia myersi Géry 1964 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:155 [ref. 27061], Netto-Ferreira et al., 2014:1542 [ref. 33296], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019:62 [ref. 37097]). Current status: Valid as Rhinopetitia myersi Géry 1964. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

myrnae, Pterobrycon Bussing [W. A.] 1974:138, Figs. 1-2 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 7494] Río Rincón drainage 2 kilometers west of Rincón, Osa Peninsula, Quebrada Aguabuena, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica, elevation 30 meters. Holotype: LACM 33857-1. Paratypes: LACM 33858-1 through 33861-1 (orig. 6 lots, 85; now 77); MCZ 49191 (7); UCR (13 lots, 159 spec.); USNM (orig. 6 lots, now 9 lots, 68 or 71). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:36 [ref. 19022], Angulo et al. 2015:382 [ref. 35212]. •Valid as Pterobrycon myrnae Bussing 1974 -- (Bussing 1987:89 [ref. 22927], Bussing 1998:113 [ref. 24179], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], Angulo et al. 2013:992 [ref. 33194], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Angulo et al. 2015:382 [ref. 35212]). Current status: Valid as Pterobrycon myrnae Bussing 1974. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Pacific drainages of southern Costa Rica. Habitat: freshwater.

nandi, Diapoma Vanegas‐Ríos [J. A.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2018:Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 93 (no. 5); ref. 36145] Piray-Miní stream, near bridge on National Route 12, Rio Paraná basin, Eldorado, Misiones Province, Argentina, circa 26°20'59"S, 54°37'05"W, elevation 128 meters. Holotype: MLP 11309. Paratypes: CI-FML, MACN, MLP. •Valid as Diapoma nandi Vanegas‐Ríos, Azpelicueta & Malabarba 2018 -- (Koerber et al. 2019:3 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Ito et al. 2022:20 [ref. 39124]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma nandi Vanegas‐Ríos, Azpelicueta & Malabarba 2018. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Piray-Miní stream drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Misiones Province (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

narvaezi, Creagrutus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:12, Figs. 2A, 5C, 8A, 9C, 10B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 88; ref. 40588] Río Fundación, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Municipio de Fundación, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 970. Paratypes: CAR. •Valid as Creagrutus narvaezi Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus narvaezi Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río Fundación drainage, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

nasutus, Creagrutus Günther [A.] 1876:400 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 17 (no. 101) (art. 43); ref. 2007] Monterico, Peru. Lectotype: BMNH 1875.10.14.26 (78.9 mm SL). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1875.10.14.27-33 (?7). Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:42 [ref. 25842]. •Synonym of Creagrutus peruanus (Steindachner 1876) -- (Vari & Harold 2001:181 [ref. 25842]). Current status: Synonym of Creagrutus peruanus (Steindachner 1876). Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Habitat: freshwater.

negrensis, Rhinobrycon Myers [G. S.] 1944:589, Fig. [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 23 (no. 39); ref. 3122] Santa Isabel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 11089. Paratypes: CAS 11090 (orig. 30, now 26), CAS-SU 37076 (9), USNM 123038 [ex CAS 11090] (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:26 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:37 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers 1944 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:155 [ref. 27061], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:383 [ref. 31395], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers 1944. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

nigripinnis, Tetragonopterus Perugia [A.] 1891:643 [43] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 10; ref. 3431] Río de la Plata, South America. Syntypes: MSNG 9222 (3), NMW 57 677 (1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:183 [ref. 10343]. On p. 43 of separate. •Valid as Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia 1891) -- (Taphorn 1992:248 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:30 [ref. 24147], Zarske & Géry 2002:19 [ref. 26554], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:518 [ref. 31006], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:372 [ref. 31394], Litz & Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Carvalho & Santos 2015:146 [ref. 33957], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Koerber & Litz 2016:2 [ref. 35098], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736], Koerber et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37480], Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Monteiro et al. 2022:[5] [ref. 39227], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40355]). Current status: Valid as Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia 1891). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Paraná, Paraguay and Mamoré River basins (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

nigrofasciata, Rhinopetitia Menezes [N. A.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2019:76, Figs. 18-21 [Zootaxa 4700 (no. 1); ref. 37097] Stream on the right bank of Rio Xingu below rapids of Naninduba, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 03°06'49"S, 51°37'47"W. Holotype: MZUSP 124121. Paratypes: INPA, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Rhinopetitia nigrofasciata Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019. Current status: Valid as Rhinopetitia nigrofasciata Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Small tributaries of the rivers Tapajós and Xingu, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrolineatus, Varicharax Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.], Faustino-Fuster [D. R.], Meza-Vargas [V.] & Ortega [H.] 2020:391, Figs. 1-4 [Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research = Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung v. 58 (no. 1); ref. 37279] Yananmaca creek, tributary of Río Corrientes, Río Marañón drainage, Trompeteros, Loreto, Peru, 3°12′15.46″S, 75°40′27.09″W, elevation approximately 204 meters. Holotype: MUSM 60288. Paratypes: MUSM. •Valid as Varicharax nigrolineatus Vanegas-Ríos, Faustino-Fuster, Meza-Vargas & Ortega 2020 -- (Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Varicharax nigrolineatus Vanegas-Ríos, Faustino-Fuster, Meza-Vargas & Ortega 2020. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Río Corrientes drainage, Río Marañón basin (Loreto, Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

nigrostigmatus, Creagrutus Dahl [G.] 1960:353 [Caldasia v. 8 (no. 38); ref. 9309] Arroyo (Caño) Pechilín, a small stream draining into the Caribbean Sea west of the Río Magdalena, northern Colombia. Neotype: ICNMHN 989. Possible paratypes: CAS-SU 49491 (2). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:15 [ref. 36127]. Original type series (44 specimens) lost. Neotype designated by Harold & Vari 1994:10 [ref. 21969]. •Valid as Creagrutus nigrostigmatus Dahl 1960 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:7 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124-125 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:145 [ref. 30645], Harold & Salcedo 2010:382 [ref. 30692], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:95 [ref. 30781], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:348 [ref. 36150]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus nigrostigmatus Dahl 1960. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Caño Pechilín, Caño Zaragocilla and other Caribbean slope rivers, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrotaeniatus, Creagrutus Dagosta [F. C. P.] & Pastana [M. N. L.] 2014:572, Figs. 1- 5, 8 [Zootaxa 3765 (no. 6); ref. 33181] Mata Grosso State, Sepezal Municipality, rio Juruena, Bacia do rio Tapajós, 12°50'59"S, 58°55'36"W. Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 8967. Paratypes: LIRP 8966 (1 c&s), 8968 (1); MZUSP 113740 (1). •Valid as Creagrutus nigrotaeniatus Dagosta & Pastana 2014 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2017:368 [ref. 35453], Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018:255 [ref. 35759]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus nigrotaeniatus Dagosta & Pastana 2014. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Rio Juruena, Bacia do rio Tapajós, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

notemigonoides, Astyanax Fowler [H. W.] 1911:506, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1384] Affluent of the Río Chimbo near Bucay, Guayas Province, western Ecuador. Holotype: ANSP 39110. Paratypes: ANSP 39111-16 (6), FMNH 55909 [ex CM, ex ANSP 39117] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:13 [ref. 12367]. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:286 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon brevirostris (Günther 1860) -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2023:41 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon brevirostris (Günther 1860). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

notropoides, Creagrutus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1912:68 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 6); ref. 10934] Río Indio, upper Chagres River basin, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7574. Paratypes: CAS 44208 [IU 13996] (1), FMNH 12539-40 (39, 1), 12541-54 (14), 12555-58 (5, 4, 1, 1), 32021-22 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:23 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:150 [ref. 30645]). Current status: Synonym of Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Habitat: freshwater.

novae, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] 1914:234 [Indiana University Studies v. 2 (no. 24); ref. 11067] Below Cachoeira da Velha near Piabana, Rio Novo of Rio Tocantins, lower Amazon basin, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54905 [ex CM 3568]. Paratypes: CAS 68981 [ex IU 13308] (3), FMNH 54906 (9). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus novae Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus novae Eigenmann & Henn 1914. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

nuptialis, Knodus Menezes [N. A.] & Marinho [M. M. F.] 2019:3, Figs. 1-8 [PLoS ONE v. 14 (no. 7): e0217915; ref. 36822] Upstream dam in Rio 13 de Maio at small hydroelectric central Salto do Três de Maio, tributary of Rio Curuá, Rio Xingu basin, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 8°44'59"S, 55°1'58.8"W. Holotype: MZUSP 124829. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, MNRJ, MZUSP. •Valid as Knodus nuptialis Menezes & Marinho 2019 -- (Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329]). Current status: Valid as Knodus nuptialis Menezes & Marinho 2019. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Curuá drainage, Rio Xingu basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

obi, Cyanocharax Casciotta [J. R.], Almirón [A. E.], Piálek [L.] & Říĉan [O.] 2012:41, Figs. 3-6 [Zootaxa No. 3391; ref. 32076] Río Paraná basin, tributary of the arroyo Paranay--Guazú, 26°52’28.9"S, 54°42’22.8"W, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MACN-ict 9560. Paratypes: MACN-ist 9557 (9), 9558 (3), 9559 (3), MACN-ict uncat. (1, c&s). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:4 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Cyanocharax obi Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek & Říĉan 2012 -- (Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621]), Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117]. •Valid as Diapoma obi (Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek & Říĉan 2012) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:3 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Ito et al. 2022:20 [ref. 39124]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma obi (Casciotta, Almirón, Piálek & Říĉan 2012). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Río Paraná basin, Misiones Province (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

obolus, Knodus Deprá [G. C.], Ota [R. R.], Vitorino Júnior [O. B.] & Ferreira [K. M.] 2021:14, Figs. 6-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 19 (no. 1): e200106; ref. 38180] Ribeirão Dois Irmãos, tributary to the rio do Peixe, tributary to the rio das Almas, tributary to the rio Maranhão, tributary to the rio Tocantins, Municipality of Pirenópolis, Goiás State, Brazil, 15°42'50"S, 49°2'39"W, elevation 713 meters. Holotype: NUP 22667. Paratypes: CPUFMT, MCP, NUP. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Knodus obolus Deprá, Ota, Vitorino Júnior & Ferreira 2021. Current status: Valid as Knodus obolus Deprá, Ota, Vitorino Júnior & Ferreira 2021. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: das Almas River drainage, upper Tocantins River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

obtusirostris, Ceratobranchia Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:4 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Chauchamago [Chanchamayo], Junín, Peru [probably La Merced, Río Chanchamayo, 11°3'51.9"S, 75°19'44.5"W]. Holotype (unique): CAS 40848 [ex IU 13154]. •Valid as Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann 1914 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Chernoff & Machado-Allison 1990:278 [ref. 19495], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137], Netto-Ferreira 2024:126 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann 1914. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Peru, Ecuador and Colombia). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

occidaneus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:167, Fig. 70 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Beach along Río Manu close to mouth of Quebrada Pachija, about 11°57'S, 71°17'W, Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza, Provincia Manu, Madre do Dios, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 8869. Paratypes: ANSP 143765 (1); MUSM 8870-71 (4, 5); USNM 295621 (9), 303065 (1), 326920 (7, 2 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus occidaneus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus occidaneus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: eastern Peru, and Department of Ucayali, Peru, and upper Purus River (Brazil and Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

odontocheilus, Microcaelurus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1939:362 [Boletim Biológico, São Paulo (Nova Série) v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 3023] Amazonas. Lectotype: MNRJ 3752 (male). Paralectotype: MNRJ 3752 (1) [female]. Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:396 [ref. 12732]. G. Myers in translation at CAS states specimens were from near Parintins, State of Amazonas, Brazil; Miranda-Ribeirio 1953 says Pará, Brazil. Lectotype selected by Weitzman & Fink 1985:108 [ref. 5203]. •Synonym of Tyttocharax madeirae Fowler 1913 -- (Weitzman & Fink 1985:109 [ref. 5203], Weitzman & Burns 1997:144 [ref. 24512], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Menezes & Camelier 2024:284 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Tyttocharax madeirae Fowler 1913. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Habitat: freshwater.

oligolepis, Rhinopetitia Menezes [N. A.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2019:72, Figs.14-17 [Zootaxa 4700 (no. 1); ref. 37097] Rio Jamanxim, Rio Tapajós basin, Novo Progreso, Pará, Brazil, 07°43'51"S, 55°16'36"W. Holotype: MZUSP 124120. Paratypes: INPA, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Rhinopetitia oligolepis Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019. Current status: Valid as Rhinopetitia oligolepis Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Small tributaries flowing into the upper Rio Tapajós and Rio Xingu, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

opisthopterus, Corynopomops Fowler [H. W.] 1943:6, Fig. 4 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 120; ref. 1442] Todos Santos, Río Chapare, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 69195. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Gephyrocharax chaparae Fowler 1940 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415]). •Synonym of Gephyrocharax major Myers 1929 -- (Vanegas-Ríos 2016:38 [ref. 34359]). Current status: Synonym of Gephyrocharax major Myers 1929. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

orcesi, Hemibrycon Böhlke [J. E.] 1958:25, Pl. 2 (fig. 4) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 110; ref. 12050] Río Macuma, northern tributary of Upper Río Morona, Province Santiago-Zamora, Ecuador, 2°07' to 2°13'S, 77°35'W. Holotype: USNM 164064. Paratypes: ANSP 75904 (2), USNM 175128 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:23-24 [ref. 19022], Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. Originally as orcési; must be corrected to orcesi. •Valid as Hemibrycon orcesi Böhlke 1958 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Román-Valencia et al. 2006:212 [ref. 28983], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:124 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia et al. 2007:181 [ref. 29496], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:79 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:101 [ref. 30945], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:120 [ref. 33572], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[11] [ref. 35679], Soares et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35609]). •Valid as Boehlkea orcesi (Böhlke 1958) -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:767 [ref. 31076], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco 2024:113 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Boehlkea orcesi (Böhlke 1958). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Macuma, Upano, Tayusa and Pastaza river basins (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

orinocoense, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2003:11, Fig. 7 [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). No. 6; ref. 27070] Río Orinoco in Esmeralda, about 2°53'06"N, 64°58'06"W, Amazonas State, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV 29464. Paratypes: IUQ 433 (9); MBUCV 6055 (1), 19395 (3), 21658 (3), 25834 (27). Bryconamericus is masculine, therefore mandatory correction to orinocoensis. •Valid as Bryconamericus orinocoensis Román-Valencia 2003 (often as orinocoense) -- (Román-Valencia 2005:62 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:23 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:440 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633], Taphorn et al. 2022:13 [ref. 41297] as cf. orinocoensis, Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus orinocoensis Román-Valencia 2003. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Mavaca, Vaupés and Cataniapo River drainages (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

ornaticeps, Bryconamericus Bizerril [C. R. S. F.] & Perez-Neto [P. R.] 1995:18, Fig. 3 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 8; ref. 22473] Rio Macacu, Cachoeira de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 12310. Paratypes: MNRJ 12313 (19). •Valid as Bryconamericus ornaticeps Bizerril & Perez-Neto 1995 -- (Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001:281 [ref. 26007], Miquelarena et al. 2002:75 [ref. 26517], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus ornaticeps Bizerril & Perez-Neto 1995. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Macacu River basin in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

oroensis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2013:134, Figs. 6-7 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32807] El Oro, pond in Ortega, 1.5 km NE of Zaruma, 79°34'05''W, 3°39'46''S, Ecuador, elevation 930 meters. Holotype: MEPN 11140. Paratypes: IUQ, MEPN. •Valid as Bryconamericus oroensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2013 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus oroensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2013. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

ortegai, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:170, Fig. 71 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Banda de Shilcayo, upper portions of Quebrada Choclin, tributary to Río Huallaga, near town of Shapaja, Provincia San Martin, San Martin, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 7498. Paratypes: MUSM 2948 (1), 5678 (4), 6552 (8), 6571 (2), 7499 (2), 7538-39 (2, 3); USNM 340969-71 (2, 3, 4), 340972 (8, 2 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus ortegai Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus ortegai Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Huallaga River basin and headwaters of the Aguaytia River (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

orteguasae, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1943:240, Fig. 19 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 95; ref. 1443] Río Orteguasa, Florência, Caquetá, Colombia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 70504. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus orteguasae Fowler 1943 -- (Román-Valencia 2000:460 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2003:482 [ref. 27478], Román-Valencia 2003:24, 46 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia et al. 2006:212 [ref. 28983], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1750 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393]). •Valid as Knodus orteguasae (Fowler 1943) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:129 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137], Ferreira 2024:213 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus orteguasae (Fowler 1943). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Brazil, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia). IUCN (2023: Data Deficient). Habitat: freshwater.

ortholepis, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:15 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Boca de Raspadura, Chocó, Colombia. Holotype (unique): FMNH [ex CM 5088] (missing). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus ortholepis Eigenmann 1913 -- (Román-Valencia 2000:456 [ref. 25256]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

ortii, Acrobrycon Arcila [D.], Vari [R. P.] & Menezes [N. A.] 2014:609, Fig. 5 [Copeia 2013 (no. 4); ref. 33096] Villamontes, Río Pilcomayo, Río Paraguay basin, 21°20'S, 63°37'W, Bolivia. Holotype: CBF 13305 [ex USNM 305496]. Paratypes: CBF 13306 (3), MLP 10317 (2), USNM 408404 (13). Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:4 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Acrobrycon ortii Arcila, Vari & Menezes 2014 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Briñoccoli et al. 2022:104 [ref. 39171]). Current status: Valid as Acrobrycon ortii Arcila, Vari & Menezes 2014. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Paraguay basin (Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

osgoodi, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.] 1942:225, Pl. 14 (fig. 6) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Huallaga basin, Upper Amazon, Moyabamba, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 40828 [ex IU 15915]. Non-types: FMNH 15328-30 (3). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:25 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Huallaga River drainage, Amazon River basin (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

ouranonastes, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:173, Fig. 72 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Chalhuanca, about 14°01'S, 73°11'W, Provincia Aymaraes, Apurimac, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 8872. Paratypes: FMNH 41801 (14); MUSM 6574 (5); USNM 340988 (4, 1 c&s), 340989 (1). •Valid as Creagrutus ouranonastes Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Harold & Salcedo 2010:382 [ref. 30692], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus ouranonastes Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Apurimac River basin (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

pachacuti, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1927:376, Pl. 99 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 4); ref. 12292] Río Urubamba basin, Santa Ana, Peru. Holotype: MCZ 31563. Paratypes: CAS 40829 [ex IU 13756] (22), FMNH 58059 [ex CM 7053] (11). Additional original material: CAS 61333 [ex IU 16051] (261), FMNH 58060 [ex CM 7054] (1), MCZ 31563 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[12] [ref. 35679], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:33 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann 1927. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Urubamba-Ucayali and Madre de Dios River drainages, upper Amazon River basin (Peru and Bolivia). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

paez, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Arcila-Mesa [D. K.] 2010:343, Figs. 1A, 3, 4 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 58 (no. 1) [for March]; ref. 30721] Río Paez, La Topa Creek, about 100 meters from bridge at La Plata-Inzá road, 2°30'01"N, 75°58'06"W, Upper Magdalena River basin, Pierto Valencia, Inzá, Cauca, Colombia. elevation 1175 meters. Holotype: IUQ 502. Paratypes: many ICNMHN, IUQ, MTD Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:17 [ref. 36127]. Apparently appeared first in Román-Valencia et al. 2009:32 [ref. 30722] but not qualifying as an original description. •Valid as Hemibrycon paez Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009 [o.k.]:30 [ref. 30722], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:104 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon paez Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

paipayensis, Hemigrammus Pearson [N. E.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:533 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Río Paipay, Río Crisnejas drainage, Amazonas system, Andes of northern Peru. Syntypes: CAS 44467 [ex IU 17643] (now 1). Additional original material: CAS 44468 [ex IU 17643] (now 216), ZMA [ex IU 17643] 114207 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:19 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Bryconacidnus paipayensis (Pearson 1929) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira 2024:115 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Bryconacidnus paipayensis (Pearson 1929). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon basin, Peru and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

palomae, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.], García-Alzate [C. A.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2010:100, Fig. 1 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 60 (no. 2); ref. 30945] Mountain El Ocaso natural reserve, Cauca-Magdalena River basin, Roble River drainage, La Paloma Creek, 4°35'08"N, 75°51'06"W, Quindío, Quimbaya, Colombia, elevation 1103 meters. Holotype: IUQ 2727. Paratypes: AUM 50793 (3); IUQ 2300 (6), 2301 (1), 2728 (7), 2729 (19), 2802 (23), 2846 (23). •Valid as Hemibrycon palomae Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:121 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon palomae Román-Valencia, García-Alzate, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Cauca-Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

pampeana, Diapoma Ito [P. M. M.], Carvalho [T. P.], Pavanelli [C. S.], Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2022:6, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 1): e210115; ref. 39124] Road between Aceguá and Bagé, BR-153, Cinco Saltos creek, affluent of Negro River, Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 31°36'53"S, 54°08'42"W. Holotype: UFRGS 28705. Paratypes: MCP, UFRGS, ZVCP. •Valid as Diapoma pampeana Ito, Carvalho, Pavanelli, Vanegas-Ríos & Malabarba 2022 -- (Koerber et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:64 [ref. 40506], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2024:75 [ref. 40834]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma pampeana Ito, Carvalho, Pavanelli, Vanegas-Ríos & Malabarba 2022. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Negro River drainage, Uruguay River basin (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

paraguayensis, Creagrutus Mahnert [V.] & Géry [J.] 1988:5, Figs. 4-5; Pl. 3 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 6407] Río Azotey at Cororo, near Río Ypané mouth, Concepción Province, Paraguay. Holotype: MHNG 2386.01. Paratypes: MHNG 2386-2-3 (3, 1 stained). Type catalog: Weber 1998:7 [ref. 32707]. •Valid as Creagrutus paraguayensis Mahnert & Géry 1988 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:175 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2017:33 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus paraguayensis Mahnert & Géry 1988. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, central and northern Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

paralacus, Creagrutus Harold [A. S.] & Vari [R. P.] 1994:13, Fig. 8 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 551; ref. 21969] Río Táchira, Río Catatumbo basin, 7 kilometers north of San Antonio, Estado Táchira, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121504. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-23300 to 01 (2, 10); USNM 121499 (10), 324379 (3). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:6-7 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Creagrutus paralacus Harold & Vari 1994 -- (Galvis et al. 1997:45 [ref. 23651], Vari & Harold 2001:2 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:348 [ref. 36150], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:11 [ref. 40275]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus paralacus Harold & Vari 1994. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: southern and eastern tributaries to Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

paranahybae, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:177, Pl. 8 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Rio Paranahyba, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 54714 [ex CM 3356]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:61 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:13 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Astyanax paranahybae Eigenmann 1911 -- (Garutti & Britski 2000:84 [ref. 24769], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2004:332 [ref. 27972], Langeani et al. 2005:390 [ref. 28234], Garavello & Sampaio 2010:861 [ref. 31053], Mirande & Koerber 2015:3 [ref. 33698]). •Synonym of Piabina argentea Reinhardt 1867. Current status: Synonym of Piabina argentea Reinhardt 1867. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

parapetiensis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2023:35, Fig. 9 [Revista de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Quindío v. 35 (no. 2); ref. 40431] Parapeti River drainage upstream from Camiri, Izozog/Parapeti, Iténez, Amazon, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 10°22'52.72"S, 65°23'17.28"W, elevation 104 meters. Holotype: UMSS 02228. Paratypes: IUQ 3786 (4), UMSS 01227 (4). •Valid as Bryconamericus parapetiensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2023. Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus parapetiensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Taphorn 2023. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Parapeti River drainage, Amazon basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

pasco, Knodus Zarske [A.] 2007:16, Figs. 1-3 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 57 (no. 1); ref. 29232] Near San Antonio de Cacazú, Departamento Pasco, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 30634. Paratypes: Géry private coll. (2); MTD F 30635-40 (6). •Valid as Knodus pasco Zarske 2007 -- (Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:129 [ref. 32807], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Knodus pasco Zarske 2007. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin, Departamento Pasco (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

patriciae, Bryconamericus da Silva [J. F. P.] 2004:56, Fig. 1 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 27870] Creek tributary of rio Pelotas, on road from Silveira to Rondinha (rio Uruguay drainage), Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 19615. Paratypes: MCP 11632 (19), 11637 (3), 14376 (936, 7 c&s); MNRJ 26438 (20); MZUSP 84302 (20). •Valid as Bryconamericus patriciae da Silva 2004 -- (Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Gomes et al. 2024:48 [ref. 42631]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus patriciae da Silva 2004. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: headwaters of Pelotas River and das Antas River (Brazil). IUCN (2022): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

paucirastra, Rhinopetitia Menezes [N. A.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2019:68, Figs. 10-13 [Zootaxa 4700 (no. 1); ref. 37097] Right bank tributary of Rio Tocantizinho Serra da Mesa, Minaçu, Goiás, Brazil, 14°08'46"S, 48°02'52"W. Holotype: MZUSP 124118. Paratypes: INPA, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Rhinopetitia paucirastra Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019. Current status: Valid as Rhinopetitia paucirastra Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pautensis, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.] & Barriga Salazar [R. E.] 2006:212, Fig. 1 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 54 (no. 1); ref. 28983] Paute River, Province Morona-Santiago, about 2°32'S, 78°25'W, eastern Ecuador. Holotype: MEPN 001549. Paratypes: MEPN 001548 (14). •Synonym of Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther 1864) -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:756 [ref. 31076]). •Valid as Hemibrycon pautensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Barriga Salazar 2006 -- (Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:124 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia et al. 2007:185 [ref. 29496], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:79 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:28 [ref. 30722], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:121 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:96 [ref. 33838]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon pautensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. & Barriga Salazar 2006. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Paute River drainage, eastern Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

pearsoni, Creagrutus Mahnert [V.] & Géry [J.] 1988:5 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 6407] Río Beni at Villa Bella, Amazon system, Bolivia. Lectotype: CAS 62272 [ex IU 17317]. Paralectotypes: (10) CAS 87389 [ex CAS 62272] (6); UMML 66495 (3). Replacement name for Piabina beni Pearson 1924, secondarily preoccupied by Creagrutus beni Eignemann 1911. Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:180 [ref. 25842]. •Valid as Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry 1988 -- (Vari & Harold 1998:256 [ref. 23845], Vari & Harold 2001:178 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry 1988. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Madeira River (northeastern Bolivia, southeastern Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

pearsoni, Monotocheirodon Eigenmann [C. H.] in Pearson 1924:34, Fig. 3; Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Espia, Bolivia. Syntypes: (10) CAS 59792 [ex IU 15348] (7), UMMZ 66484 (4). Additional original material: CAS 70832 [ex IU 17334] (3), 70833 [es IU 17333] (now 5), 70835 [ex IU 17335] (2). •Valid as Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann 1924 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Malabarba 1998:231 [ref. 23844], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:278 [ref. 24413], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061]. Menezes et al. 2013:129 [ref. 32808], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Chuctaya et al. 2022:23 [ref. 42137], Carvalho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40982]). Current status: Valid as Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann 1924. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Beni River drainage, Madeira River basin (Bolivia and Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

pectinatus, Bryconamericus Vari [R. P.] & Siebert [D. J.] 1990:517, Figs. 1-5 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 103 (no. 3); ref. 15519] Parque Nacional de Manú, Province Manú, Dept. Madre de Dios, Peru, about 11°50'S, 71°21'W. Holotype: MUSM 2057. Paratypes: MUSM 2058 (7), 2059 (5); USNM 303441 (5, 1 c&s), 303442 (8, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:11 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus pectinatus Vari & Siebert 1990 -- (Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:278 [ref. 24413], Miquelarena et al. 2002:75 [ref. 26517], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:110 [ref. 33608]). •Valid as Knodus pectinatus (Vari & Siebert 1990) -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40431]). •Valid as Bryconacidnus pectinatus (Vari & Siebert 1990) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira 2024:116 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Bryconacidnus pectinatus (Vari & Siebert 1990). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Parque Nacional de Manú, Department Madre de Dios, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

peruana, Piabina Steindachner [F.] 1876:596 [46] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 18772] Monterico, Peru. Lectotype: NMW 19852 (87.0 mm SL). Paralectotypes: NMW 19853-79 (29). On p. 46 of separate. Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:182 [ref. 25842]. •Valid as Creagrutus peruanus (Steindachner 1876) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Vari & Harold 2001:181 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Harold & Salcedo 2010:382 [ref. 30692], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus peruanus (Steindachner 1876). Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Apurimac and Urubamba River basins (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

peruanus, Tetragonopterus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1845:28, Pl. 8 (fig. 1) [Horae Ichthyologicae Nos 1 & 2; ref. 3071] Near Lima, Peru. Syntypes: ZMB 3591-92 (2, 1). Spelled peruanus in text and peruvianus on plate; Günther 1864:327 [ref. 1974] used peruvianus although he may not have been aware of the spelling peruvianus; first reviser not located. •Valid as Bryconamericus peruanus (Müller & Troschel 1845) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:28 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Castro et al. 1998:79 [ref. 24271], Román-Valencia 2002:184 [ref. 26370], Román-Valencia 2003:21, 35 [ref. 26840], Román-Valencia 2003:28 [ref. 27037], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2005:62 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1750 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2011:844 [ref. 31565], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:110 [ref. 33608]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon peruanus (Müller & Troschel 1845) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40431], Valenzuela et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40815], Malabarba 2024:156 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon peruanus (Müller & Troschel 1845). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope rivers (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

petilus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:184, Fig. 78 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Marco Rondon, Pimenta Bueno, about 11°29'S, 61°12'W, Rondônia, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 14807. Paratypes: MNRJ 13368 (1), 13370 (12); USNM 340957 (8, 2 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus petilus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus petilus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Machado River, right bank tributary of Madeira River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

phasma, Creagrutus Myers [G. S.] 1927:117 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Mouth of Curamuni, Río Cassiquiare, Venezuela. Lectotype: CAS 44210 [ex IU 17681]. Paralectotypes: CAS 209191 [ex CAS 44210 and IU 17681] (1). Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:188 [ref. 25842]. •Valid as Creagrutus phasma Myers 1927 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:186 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:149 [ref. 30645], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:352 [ref. 36150]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus phasma Myers 1927. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Negro River basin north to Orinoco River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

phoenicopterus, Tetragonopterus Cope [E. D.] 1872:261 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 8093. Paratypes: ANSP 8094-8122 (29). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus phoenicopterus (Cope 1872) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:109 [ref. 33608], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:18 [ref. 42137], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:25 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus phoenicopterus (Cope 1872). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Marañon River and Gualaquiza River drainages, Amazon River basin (Peru and Ecuador). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

pila, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:189, Fig. 80 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Huacamayo, kilometer 155 on highway (Carratera Federico Basadre) from Pucallpa to Tingo Maria, Provincia Padre Abad, Ucayali, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 8874. Paratypes: MUSM 2956 (3), 5240 (3), 8875-77 (6, 1, 4); USNM 341364-66 (3, 5, 3), 341367 (4, 2 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus pila Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus pila Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: smaller rivers draining into Aguaytia River, left bank tributary of Ucayali River (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

pinnavittatus, Bryconamericus Dagosta [F. C. P.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2015:434, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 3911 (no. 3); ref. 33665] Pará State, Jacareacanga Municipality, stream affluent of the right margin of the rio Teles Pires, downstream of Sete Quedas, Brazil, 9°18'52"S, 56°46'54"W. Holotype: MZUSP 115349. Paratypes: MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Bryconamericus pinnavittatus Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015. Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus pinnavittatus Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

piquira, Piabina Eigenmann [C. H.] 1910:434 [Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of tropical and south temperate America v. 3 (pt 4); ref. 1224] Not available, name and locality but no description, from Piracicaba, Brazil. •In the synonymy of Piabina argentea Reinhardt 1867 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:224 [ref. 25842], Koerber et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35267]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Piabina argentea Reinhardt 1867. Stevardiidae: Diapominae.

planquettei, Creagrutus Géry [J.] & Renno [J.-F.] 1989:1, Figs. 1-5 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 13420] Japigny Creek, Arataye, tributary of Approuague, upstream of Pierrette, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 1989-0031. Paratypes: (8) MNHN 1989-0036 (4), MTD F 27519 [es Géry coll.] (1). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:17 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Creagrutus planquettei Géry & Renno 1989 -- (Géry et al. 1991:45 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:326 [ref. 22818], Vari & Harold 2001:191 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus planquettei Géry & Renno 1989. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Middle and upper Approuague River basin, French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

pliodus, Tetragonopterus Cope [E. D.] 1894:90, Pl. 5 (fig. 5) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 33; ref. 965] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Lectotype: ANSP 21578. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21579 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratype. Lectotype established by Fowler 1906:347 [ref. 1373]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger 1887) -- (Malabarba 1989:131 [ref. 14217], Malabarba & Kindel 1995:684 [ref. 21922], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger 1887). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

plutarcoi, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2001:470, Fig. 1 [Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Science Naturali - Torino v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 25946] Quebrada Santa Rosa, cuenca del río Suárez, río Magdalena system, 6°26'09"N, 73°18'56"W, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 825 meters. Holotype: ICNMHN 4886. Paratypes: ICNMNH 4887 (6); IUQ 308 (30), 461 (4), 472 (2, c&s), 473 (2, c&s). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:14 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Bryconamericus plutarcoi Román-Valencia 2001 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:36 [ref. 26840], Ardila Rodríguez 2006:5 [ref. 28862], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1750 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:456, 2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:466 [ref. 30392], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608]). •Valid as Hemibrycon plutarcoi (Román-Valencia 2001) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:5 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon plutarcoi (Román-Valencia 2001). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Magdalena River drainage, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

poi, Hypobrycon Almirón [A. E.], Casciotta [J. R.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Cione [A. L.] 2001:35, Figs. 1-4 [Neotrópica (La Plata) v. 47; ref. 26609] Arroyo Once Vueltas (27°38'S, 55°12'W), Uruguay basin, Municipio Leandro N. Alem, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 9573. Paratypes: MCP 28164 (1); MHNG 2619.44 (3); MLP 9574 (1); plus 1 non-type specimen. Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:9 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Hypobrycon poi Almirón, Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Cione 2001 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:141 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:27 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Serra et al. 2013:1576 [ref. 33003], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565]). •Valid as Bryconamericus poi (Almirón, Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Cione 2001) -- (Thomas et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Loureiro et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus poi (Almirón, Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Cione 2001). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (Argentina and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

polyancistrus, Xenurobrycon Weitzman [S. H.] 1987:113, Figs. 1-3 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 5982] Río Isiboro, Laguna Motacusal, Estado Beni, Bolivia, 15°40'S, 65°00'W. Holotype: MNHN 1986-0452. Paratypes: MNHN 1986-0453 (6); USNM 278188 (2, 1 c&s), 278190-91 (4, 5). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:41 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Xenurobrycon polyancistrus Weitzman 1987 -- (Géry & Römer 1997:70 [ref. 23712], Weitzman & Burns 1997:137 [ref. 24512], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Moreira 2005:855 [ref. 28474], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mendonça et al. 2016:[7] [ref. 34350], Chuctaya et al. 2022:25 [ref. 42137], Menezes & Camelier 2024:286 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Xenurobrycon polyancistrus Weitzman 1987. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Mamoré and Madre de Dios River basins, western Amazon basin (Bolivia and Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

polyodon, Tetragonopterus Günther [A.] 1864:330 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guayaquil, Ecuador. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1858.7.25.41. •Valid as Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther 1864) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2006:212 [ref. 28983], Román-Valencia et al. 2007:184 [ref. 29496], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:79 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:101 [ref. 30945], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:756 [ref. 31076], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:121 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther 1864). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Río Pastaza, río Marañon drainage, and upper Amazon River basin (Ecuador, Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

potamohadros, Diapoma Ito [P. M. M.], Carvalho [T. P.], Pavanelli [C. S.], Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2022:13, Figs. 5-7 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 1): e210115; ref. 39124] Iguaçu River, Salto Osório Reservoir, Quedas do Iguaçú municipality, Paraná State, Brazil, 25°30'49"S, 53°00'04"W. Holotype: UFRGS 28700. Paratypes: MACN, MCP, MLP, NUP, UFRGS. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:8 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Diapoma potamohadros Ito, Carvalho, Pavanelli, Vanegas-Ríos & Malabarba 2022 -- (Koerber et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40368], Koerber et al. 2024:2 [ref. 41721]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma potamohadros Ito, Carvalho, Pavanelli, Vanegas-Ríos & Malabarba 2022. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: lower Iguaçu River drainage, Paraná River basin (Paraná State, Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

potamorhachia, Rhinopetitia Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], Birindelli [J. L. O.], Sousa [L. M. de] & Menezes [N. A.] 2014:1540, Fig. 1, 3, 6a. [Journal of Fish Biology v. 84 (no. 5); ref. 33296] Pará, Jacareacanga, Rio Teles Pires, downstream of Sete Quedas rapids, Rio Tapajós basin, 9°19′01"S, 56°46'47"W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 99612. Paratypes: MZUSP 96073 (40), 98315 (2), 99513 (10), 99547 (4), 99565 (1), 99832 (42), 99850 (3), 99911 (11), 99991 (99). •Valid as Rhinopetitia potamorhachia Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, Sousa & Menezes 2014 -- (Menezes & Netto-Ferreira 2019:61 [ref. 37097]). Current status: Valid as Rhinopetitia potamorhachia Netto-Ferreira, Birindelli, Sousa & Menezes 2014. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Teles Pires drainage, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

praecox, Iotabrycon Roberts [T. R.] 1973:492, Figs. 1-4 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 144 (no. 8); ref. 3776] An isolated dry season pool in Río Nuevo at confluences with Río Vinces, Vinces, Ecuador. Holotype: MCZ 48658. Paratypes: MCZ 48659 (orig. 20, now 11 or 14, 3 c&s), 54390 (89, 3 c&s); USNM [ex MCZ 48659] (5). •Valid as Iotabrycon praecox Roberts 1973 -- (Weitzman & Burns 1997:141 [ref. 24512], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:143 [ref. 34894], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Iotabrycon praecox Roberts 1973. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Vinces River basin, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

provenzanoi, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:195, Fig. 84 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Upper Río Cataniapo basin, small caño above Saramä Sota, Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV V-14392. Paratypes: ANSP 165530 (1); MBUCV V-21657 (1), V-29070-71 (5, 12); USNM 207229 (3), 355117 (2), 355119 (5, 2 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus provenzanoi Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus provenzanoi Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Cataniapo River basin, right bank tributary of Orinoco River, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

pteropus, Xenurobrycon Weitzman [S. H.] & Fink [S. V.] 1985:85, Figs. 4, 29, 43, 64b, 78 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 421; ref. 5203] An igarapé in Fonte Boa, about 2°30'S, 67°02'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 12412. Paratypes: USNM 232921 [ex MZUSP 12412] (1 c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:41 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:498 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Xenurobrycon pteropus Weitzman & Fink 1985 -- (Weitzman 1987:113 [ref. 5982], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Moreira 2005:855 [ref. 28474], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mendonça et al. 2016:[7] [ref. 34350], Menezes & Camelier 2024:286 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Xenurobrycon pteropus Weitzman & Fink 1985. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: vicinity of Fonte Boa, Amazon basin, Amazonas State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pulcher, Mimagoniates Menezes [N. A.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2009:325, Figs. 45-46 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 3); ref. 30495] "Porto Velho-São Luiz de Cáceres", Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 17814. Paratypes: MNRJ 4233 (28). •Valid as Mimagoniates pulcher Menezes & Weitzman 2009 -- (Mantinian & Miquelarena 2010:416 [ref. 30959], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2012:784 [ref. 32131], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Mimagoniates pulcher Menezes & Weitzman 2009. Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: Upper rio Paraguaí, Mato Grosso, Brazil [possibly extinct]. Habitat: freshwater.

pyahu, Bryconamericus Azpelicueta [M. de las M.], Casciotta [J. R.] & Almirón [A. E.] 2003:582, Figs. 1-3, 5 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 110 (no. 3); ref. 27482] Arroyo Tateto, 25°47'12.8"S, 53°58'12.9"W, Iguazú basin, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 10450 [ex AI 101]. Paratypes: MHNG 2639.48 (10); MTD F 27048-27051 (4). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:16 [ref. 27474], Nadalin & López 2015:2 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Bryconamericus pyahu Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón 2003 -- (Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27986], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Koerber 2011:2 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:3 [ref. 33621], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus pyahu Azpelicueta, Casciotta & Almirón 2003. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (Argentina and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pyrrhopteryx, Diapoma Menezes [N. A.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2011:76, Figs. 33-39 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo v. 51 (no. 5); ref. 31289] Rio do Peixe, tributary of the rio Uruguai, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 27°38'S, 51°53'W, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 44104. Paratypes: MCP 12982 (8), 13368 (8), 44141 (22); MZUP 104323 (2 c&s). •Valid as Diapoma pyrrhopteryx Menezes & Weitzman 2011 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Almirón et al. 2016:1 [ref. 35094], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Ito et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39124]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma pyrrhopteryx Menezes & Weitzman 2011. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Canoas basin or tributaries, rio Uruguay basin, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

quindos, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Arcila-Mesa [D. K.] 2010:346, Figs. 1B, 3 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 58 (no. 1) [for March]; ref. 30721] Tinaja creek, 200 meters [at] Llano Grande-Boquia road, 4°36'57"N, 75°36'36"W, Río Quindio basin, Upper Cauca River drainage, Salento, Quindio, Colombia, elevation 1712 meters. Holotype: IUQ 485. Paratypes: many at IUQ and MTD. Apparently appeared first in Román-Valencia et al. 2009:27 [ref. 30722] but not qualifying as an original description. •Valid as Hemibrycon quindos Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009:28 [ref. 30722], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:104 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:121 [ref. 33572], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). •Probable synonym of Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:19 [ref. 33893], García-Melo et al. 2018:[3] [ref. 35894]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon quindos Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper Cauca River drainage, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

rafaelense, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Arcila-Mesa [D. K.] 2008:70, Figs. 1-3 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 31 (no. 1); ref. 29744] Apia, San Rafael Creek, Apia River system, on the Santuario-Apia road, Risaralda, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 6703. Paratypes: ICNMHN 3505 (50); IUQ 499 (2, c&s), 509 (27); MCNG 54101 (5); MTD F 27623-24 (2). Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:17 [ref. 36127]. Hemibrycon is masculine, therefore mandatory correction to rafaelensis. •Valid as Hemibrycon rafaelensis Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008 (often as rafaelense) -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009:29 [ref. 30722], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010:340 [ref. 30721], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:103 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:121 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633] as rafaelense, Ardila Rodríguez 2020:15 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon rafaelensis Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America upper Cauca River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

raqueliae, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Arcila-Mesa [D. K.] 2010:348, Figs. 2A, 3, 5 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 58 (no. 1) [for March]; ref. 30721] Tasajo creek, 5°23'55"N, 74°59'05"W, Río La Miel basin, Middle Magdalena River drainage, Samaná, Caldas, Colombia, elevation 1482 meters. Holotype: IUQ 495. Paratypes: many at ICBMHN, IUQ, MCNG, MHNUC, MTD. •Valid as Hemibrycon raqueliae Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2010:104 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:121 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon raqueliae Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: La Miel River drainage, middle Magdalena River drainage, Samaná, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

rheocharis, Mimagoniates Menezes [N. A.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 1990:399, Figs. 17-28 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 103 (no. 2); ref. 16172] Near Praia Grande, Rio Faxinalzinho at Mãe dos Homens, Santa Catarina, Brazil, about 29°20'S, 14°40'W [should be 49°57'W]. Holotype: MZUSP 40278. Paratypes: MCP 10806 (1), 13613 (7), 13616-17 (3, 83); MZUSP 40279-81 (81, 29, 1); R. M. C. Castro coll. (2); USNM 279878 (3), 270879 (89, 3 c&s), 306339 (18). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:480-481 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Mimagoniates rheocharis Menezes & Weitzman 1990 -- (Weitzman et al. 1996:196 [ref. 24773], Malabarba & Weitzman 1999:422 [ref. 24417], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:280 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:350 [ref. 30495], Mantinian & Miquelarena 2010:416 [ref. 30959], Mirande 2010:540 [ref. 31006], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2012:784 [ref. 32131] as reocharis, Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Menezes & Camelier 2024:221 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mimagoniates rheocharis Menezes & Weitzman 1990. Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: coastal streams in southeastern Santa Catarina to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul states, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

rhinodus, Tyttocharax Böhlke [J. E.] 1958:320, Fig. 1 (top & center) [Copeia 1958 (no. 4); ref. 12373] Cava de Pavos, Quebrada de Puente Perez, about 1/4 mile above Río Huallaga, vicinity of Tingo Maria, Huanuco Province, Peru. Holotype: ANSP 78707. Paratypes: ANSP 78708-09 (1, 12), 78710 (11, 1 exchanged with Géry), 78711 (3, c&s), 78712-13 (1, 1); Géry coll. (1); CAS-SU 51095 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:53 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Scopaeocharax rhinodus (Böhlke 1958) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Weitzman & Burns 1997:148 [ref. 24512], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1400 [ref. 37878], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Scopaeocharax rhinodus (Böhlke 1958). Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Western Amazon basin (Peru, Colombia and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

rhyacophila, Ptychocharax Weitzman [S. H.], Fink [S. V.], Machado-Allison [A.] & Royero [R.] 1994:55, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 21375] Alto Río Siapa, tributary of the Río Casiquiare, Amazonas, Venezuela, about between 1°40'-1°41'N, 64°22'-64°28'W, elevation 560 meters. Holotype: MBUCV-V-20400. Paratypes: AMNH 51513 (2), 93157-62 (16, 8, 37, 2, 18, 3); MBUCV-V-18564 (25, not 21); UMMZ 220251 (3, c&s); USNM 316804 (4), 316819 (4), 316820 (12, 4 c&s), 316821 (7). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:15 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Ptychocharax rhyacophila Weitzman, Fink, Machado-Allison & Royero 1994 -- (Weitzman & Burns 1997:137 [ref. 24512] as rhyacophyla, Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:280 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:227 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add.5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Ptychocharax rhyacophila Weitzman, Fink, Machado-Allison & Royero 1994. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: upper Siapa River drainage, Casiquiare River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

ricae, Bryconamericus peruanus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:106 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Chitara, tributary of River Revintazon, Atlantic Slope, Costa Rica. Lectotype: FMNH 59523. Paralectotypes: FMNH 6267 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. Lectotype selected by Grey 1947:127 [ref. 12302]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan 1908) -- (Román-Valencia 2002:184 [ref. 26370], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon scleroparius (Regan 1908) -- (Malabarba 2024:156 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon scleroparius (Regan 1908). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

riisei, Corynopoma Gill [T. N.] 1858:426 [66] [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. On p. 66 of separate. •Valid as Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858 -- (Taphorn 1992:164 [ref. 23654], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:279 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Phillip et al. 2013:16 [ref. 32896], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of Trinidad and northern Venezuela and Meta River basin: Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

robustus, Astyanax Meek [S. E.] 1912:69 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 7); ref. 2960] Virginia River, Costa Rica. Holotype: FMNH 7682. Possible paratypes: (116) FMNH 7862-63 (18, 9), 7865 (32), 96020 (2), 101062-64 (7, 23, 25). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:14 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Astyanax robustus Meek 1912 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], Zanata & Bertaco 2024:107 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan 1908) -- (Schmitter-Soto 2017:1416 [ref. 35414]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon scleroparius (Regan 1908). Current status: Uncertain as Eretmobrycon scleroparius (Regan 1908). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

rubricauda, Bryconamericus Regan [C. T.] 1913:464 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Río Condoto, tributary of río San Juan, Colombia. Syntypes: (8) BMNH 1913.10.1.26-32 (7 or 8). •Synonym of Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:28 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

rubropictus, Tetragonopterus Berg [C.] 1901:305 [Comunicaciones del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires v. 1 (no. 9); ref. 14743] Río Los Molinos, Territory Nac. Andes, Salta, Argentina, elevation 3,000 meters. Lectotype: MACN 5165. Paralectotypes: (7) MACN 5170 (2), 12718 (2, ex 5165). Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:105 [ref. 23697]. Lectotype selected by Braga 2000:146 [ref. 25201]. See for comments on the types, Vanegas-Ríos & Chiaramonte 2023:4 [ref. 40539]. •Valid as Astyanax rubropictus (Berg 1901) -- (Casciotta et al. 2003:333 [ref. 27401]). •Valid as Bryconamericus rubropictus (Berg 1901) -- (Braga 2000:146 [ref. 25201], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Mirande 2010:541 [ref. 31006] as cf. rubropictus, Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], Vanegas-Rios & Chiaramonte 2023:1 [ref. 40539]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus rubropictus (Berg 1901). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Pasaje-Juramento River drainage, Paraná River basin, Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

rufford, Knodus Deprá [G. C.], Ota [R. R.], Vitorino Júnior [O. B.] & Ferreira [K. M.] 2021:6, Figs. 2-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 19 (no. 1): e200106; ref. 38180] Ribeirão Dois Irmãos, tributary to the rio do Peixe, tributary to the rio das Almas, tributary to the rio Maranhão, tributary to the rio Tocantins, Municipality of Pirenópolis, Goiás State, Brazil, 15°42'50"S, 49°2'39"W, elevation 713 meters. Holotype: NUP 22661. Paratypes: CPUFMT, MCP, NUP. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:9 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Knodus rufford Deprá, Ota, Vitorino Júnior & Ferreira 2021. Current status: Valid as Knodus rufford Deprá, Ota, Vitorino Júnior & Ferreira 2021. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: das Almas River drainage, upper Tocantins River basin (Goiás, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

runa, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:198, Fig. 85 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Negro, Paraná do Jacaré, about 0°30's, 66°30'W, amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 29888. Paratypes: MZUSP 55473 (30); USNM 359622 (5), 270338 (2). •Valid as Creagrutus runa Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus runa Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

sanjuanensis, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2014:111, Fig. 1 [ZooKeys No. 454; ref. 33572] Risaralda, Pueblo Rico, El Recreo, upper San Juan River, Aguas Claras River, Tatamá River tributary on Apia-Pueblo Rico road, 5°13'04.9"N, 76°01'50.1"W, Colombia, elevation 1519 meters. Holotype: IUQ 3693. Paratypes: IUQ. •Valid as Hemibrycon sanjuanensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2014. Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon sanjuanensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2014. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper San Juan River drainage, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

santamartae, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], García-Alzate [C. A.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2010:145, Fig. 1 [Revista de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Quindío v. 19 [for 2009]; ref. 30723] Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Ranchería River drainage, Santa Clara-Candela River, Bongá-Bunkuangueka, ca. 11°00'N, 72°46'E, Municipio Atanquez, Departamento Cesar, Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Holotype: IUQ 2306. Paratypes: IUQ 848 (1), 924 (1), 929 (3), 1443 (1, c&s); ICNMNH 10834 (18), 10839 (19). Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:17 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Hemibrycon santamartae Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., García-Alzate & Taphorn 2010 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2014:122 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:14 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon santamartae Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., García-Alzate & Taphorn 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Santa Clara River drainage, Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

savannensis, Knodus Géry [J.] 1961:26, Figs. 1-3 [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 9 (no. 9, May); ref. 9352] Estado do Tocantins [two possible localities], Brazil. Holotype: USNM 196088. Paratypes: Géry coll. M.1131 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:29 [ref. 19022]. For type locality correction see Lima & Géry 2001:95 [ref. 26057]. •Valid as Knodus savannensis Géry 1961 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40665]). Current status: Valid as Knodus savannensis Géry 1961. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon and Tocantins River drainages (Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

saxatilis, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:200, Fig. 86 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Indaial, left bank tributary Of rio Maranhão, upper Rio Tocantins basin, 14°12'S, 48°37'W, Niquelândia, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 14544. Paratypes: MCP 15977 (2); MNRJ 12590 (3), 12641 (3), 17335 (3); USNM (6, 1 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus saxatilis Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus saxatilis Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

scleroparius, Tetragonopterus Regan [C. T.] 1908:455 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 2 (no. 11); ref. 3637] Río Iroquois, vertiente del Caribe, ccuenca del río Parisimina, 10°09'N, 83°34'48"W, eastern slope of Costa Rica. Lectotype: BMNH 1909.3.13.30. Paralectotypes: (10) BMNH 1909.3.13.31-39 (9). Additional material: BMNH (5) w. Ecuador, (2) Panama. Lectotype selected by Román-Valencia 2002:185 [ref. 26370]. •Valid as Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan 1908) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:28 [ref. 37559], Villa 1982:103 [ref. 36708], Bussing 1987:77 [ref. 22927], Bussing 1998:97 [ref. 24179], Román-Valencia 2002:184 [ref. 26370], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Vanegas-Rios 2009:393 [ref. 30843], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Mirande 2010:520 [ref. 31006] as Bryconamericus scleroparius clade, Angulo et al. 2013:992 [ref. 33194]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon scleroparius (Regan 1908) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35633], Angulo et al. 2023:24 [ref. 40676], Malabarba 2024:156 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon scleroparius (Regan 1908). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: Central and South America: coastal rivers (Costa Rica, Ecuador, Colombia and Panama). Habitat: freshwater.

scopiferus, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:16 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Rio San Juan at Itsmina, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56224. Paratypes: (237, CM and IU) CAS 40841-43 [ex IU 12792-94] (4, 25, 38); FMNH 10271 (9), 56225-27 (25, 28, 4), 69545 (35), 75157 (21), 95505 (63); USNM 76945 (24), 79177 (4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:19 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:11 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann 1913. •Synonym of Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:453 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:116 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia 2003:28 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Malabarba 2024:154 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.

searlesii, Nematopoma Gill [T. N.] 1858:429 [69] [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. On p. 69 of separate. •Synonym of Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858 -- (Taphorn 1992:164 [ref. 23654], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

seductus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:202, Fig. 87 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Upper Rio Araguaia basin, Córrego Fundo, Município de Barra do Garças, about 15°53'S, 52°15'W, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 51026 [in part ex ICLMA 229]. Paratypes: MZUSP 51027 [in part ex ICLMA 229] (1), 51028 [in part ex ICLMA 190] (3), 51029 (9); USNM 342231 (9, 1 c&s), 342232 [in part ex ICLMA 190] (3), 342233 [in part ex ICLMA 229] (1). •Valid as Creagrutus seductus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:581 [ref. 33181], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus seductus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

septentrionalis, Knodus victoriae Géry [J.] 1972:49, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Acta Humboldtiana (Series Geologica, Palaeontologica et Biologica Nr. 2) No. 2; ref. 1595] Río Capotazo, affluent of upper Río Pastaza, Ecuador. Holotype: ZMH H2261. Paratype: Géry coll. (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. •Synonym of Knodus orteguasae (Fowler 1943) -- (Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Knodus septentrionalis Géry 1972 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Knodus septentrionalis Géry 1972. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Pastaza River drainage (Ecuador and Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

shinahota, Knodus Ferreira [K. M.] & Carvajal [F. M.] 2007:32, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 29173] Río Shinahota, about 150 meters upriver from under bridge of new Cochabamba-Santa Cruz road, río Chapare basin, río Mamoré system, town of Shinahota, Province de Tiraque, Cochabamba, Bolivia, 16°59'34"S, 65°15'04"W. Holotype: LIRP 5722. Paratypes: LIRP 5723 (7), MZUSP 91630 (3), UMSS 935 (12). •Valid as Knodus shinahota Ferreira & Carvajal 2007 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Knodus shinahota Ferreira & Carvajal 2007. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Mamoré River drainage (Bolivia and Peru). IUCN (2023): Critically Endangered Habitat: freshwater.

sierraensis, Hemibrycon García-Alzate [C. A.], Román-Valencia [C.] & Taphorn [D. C.] 2015:91, Figs. 1-2 [Cuadernos de investigación UNED v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 33838] Magdalena, Caribbean slope, Río Gaira beneath the bridge at Minca, Colombia, 11°08'37.8"N, 74°07'08.1"W, elevation 120 meters. Holotype: UARC-IC 134. Paratypes: AUM, ICNMNH, IUQ, UARC-IC. •Valid as Hemibrycon sierraensis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn 2015 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:14 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon sierraensis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn 2015. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Río Gaira drainage, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

simus, Creagrutus Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1913:85 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 8); ref. 12295] Río Cupe, Cituro, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7591. Paratypes: CAS 44212 [ex IU 13997] (1), 44213 [ex IU 13998] (2); FMNH 12562-603 (42), 12604-09 (13, 18, 12, 18, 38, 85), 32023-28 (6); USNM 78570 (orig. 42, now 41). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:28 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:16 [ref. 19022]. Only holotype cited, but description based on more than one specimen. •Synonym of Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880 -- (Harold & Vari 1994:23 [ref. 21969], Vari & Harold 2001:3 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:150 [ref. 30645]). Current status: Synonym of Creagrutus affinis Steindachner 1880. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Habitat: freshwater.

simus, Tetragonopterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:2 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino v. 13 (no. 329); ref. 14677] Valley of Chota, Pacific slope of northern Ecuador. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.11.4.71-73 (3), MSNG 35974 (3), MZUT 1527 (many). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:138 [ref. 21559], Tortonese 1961:183 [ref. 10343]. •Valid as Bryconamericus simus (Boulenger 1898) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:28 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Román-Valencia 2000:453 [ref. 25256], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:135 [ref. 34894], Román-Valencia et al. 2015:244 [ref. 34022]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon simus (Boulenger 1898) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Malabarba 2024:156 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon simus (Boulenger 1898). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope drainages, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

singularis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Taphorn [D. C.] & Ruiz-C. [R. I.] 2008:20, Fig. 2 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 31 (no. 1); ref. 29743] Beach, 6°32.33'N, 67°25.35 'W, Cinaruco River, Orinoco River basin, Apure state, Venezuela. Holotype: MCNG 54500. Paratypes: at IUQ, MCNG and MBUCV. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Bryconamericus singularis Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C. 2008 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus singularis Román-Valencia, Taphorn & Ruiz-C. 2008. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Cinaruco River, Orinoco River basin, Apure State, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

sinuensis, Gephyrocharax Dahl [G.] in Dahl & Medem 1964:64, Fig. [Informe sobre la fauna acuatica del Rio Sinu; ref. 19185] Córdoba, upper Río Sinú, Colombia. Neotype: ICNMHN 18999 [ex ICNMHN 749]. Paratypes: ICNMHN 749 (78, now 77). Type catalog: Cala 1981:3 [ref. 23525], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:15 [ref. 36127]. Holotype ICNMHN lost. Neotype designated by Vanegas-Ríos 2016:38 [ref. 34359]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax sinuensis Dahl 1964 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:60 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax sinuensis Dahl 1964. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Sinú River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

smithi, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1913:557, Fig. 18 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira tributary, near Porto Velho, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 39293. Paratypes: ANSP 39294-97 (4), 39298 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:54 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Knodus smithi (Fowler 1913) -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137], Ferreira 2024:214 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus smithi (Fowler 1913). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River drainage, upper Amazon basin (Bolivia, Brazil and Peru). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

speculiferum, Diapoma Cope [E. D.] 1894:67 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 325); ref. 966] Upper Rio Jacuhy [Jacuhí], Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ANSP 21580. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:54 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Diapoma speculiferum Cope 1894 -- (Malabarba 1989:134 [ref. 14217], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:279 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:541 [ref. 31006], Menezes & Weitzman 2011:62 [ref. 31289], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Ito et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39124], Giora & Wingert 2023:133 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:63 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma speculiferum Cope 1894. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: lower elevation coastal streams in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and eastern Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

spurrellii, Xenurocharax Regan [C. T.] 1913:463 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Río Condoto, Colombia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1913.10.1.33. •Synonym of Argopleura chocoensis (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Argopleura chocoensis (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Argopleurinae. Habitat: freshwater.

stanleyi, Pseudocorynopoma Malabarba [L. R.], Chuctaya [J.], Hirschmann [A.], Oliveira [E. B. de] & Thomaz [A. T.] 2020:7, Figs. 2d-f, 3a-d, 7-9, 10b [Journal of Fish Biology v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 37866] Arroio Tamanduá, Linha Tamanduá, Marques de Souza, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°15'44.0"S, 52°08'50.06"W. Holotype: UFRGS 27600. Paratypes: MCP, UFRGS. •Valid as Pseudocorynopoma stanleyi Malabarba, Chuctaya, Hirschmann, Oliveira & Thomaz 2020 -- (Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Giora & Wingert 2023:141 [ref. 41026], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:62 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Pseudocorynopoma stanleyi Malabarba, Chuctaya, Hirschmann, Oliveira & Thomaz 2020. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos and coastal rivers (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

starnesi, Acrobrycon Arcila [D.], Vari [R. P.] & Menezes [N. A.] 2014:607, Fig. 4 [Copeia 2013 (no. 4); ref. 33096] Chuquisaca, Río Thyumayu, tributary of Río Azero, by road 30 air km SE of Padilla, 19°34'S, 64°08'W, Bolivia. Holotype: CBF 13307 [ex USNM 319277]. Paratypes: CBF 13308 (5), USNM 408405 (29). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Acrobrycon starnesi Arcila, Vari & Menezes 2014 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Briñoccoli et al. 2022:104 [ref. 39171]). Current status: Valid as Acrobrycon starnesi Arcila, Vari & Menezes 2014. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: tributary of Río Thyumayu, tributary of Río Azero (Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

stramineus, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:105 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Piracicaba, Brazil. Lectotype: CAS 40833 [ex IU 11519]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 32748 (2) [Uruguay River]. Additional original material: CAS 61334 [ex IU 11629] (2). Lectotype selected by Eigenmann 1927:370 [ref. 12292]. See Planquette et al. 1996:240 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann 1908 -- (Azpelicueta & Braga 1980:163 [ref. 41138], Malabarba & Kindel 1995:680 [ref. 21922], Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Braga 1998:26 [ref. 24111], Britski et al. 1999:32 [ref. 24147], Casatti et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25929], Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001:280 [ref. 26007], Almirón et al. 2001:35 [ref. 26609], Miquelarena et al. 2002:70, 77 [ref. 26517], Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:440 [ref. 33665], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506]). •Valid as Piabarchus stramineus (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:2 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35267], Jerep & Shibatta 2017:10 [ref. 35610], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606] as cf. stramineus, dos Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364] as aff. stramineus, Brandão et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40464], Loureiro et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40506], Kampfert et al. 2025:282 [ref. 42023], Koerber et al. 2024:2 [ref. 41721], Lima 2024:254 [ref. 40817], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Piabarchus stramineus (Eigenmann 1908). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: La Plata and São Francisco River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

subtilisform, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2003:12, Fig. 8 [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). No. 6; ref. 27070] Drainage Río Caura, Río Carapo, about 4°10'03"N, 63°58'03"W, Río Orinoco basin, Escudo de Guayana, Bolivar State, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV 29393. Paratypes: IUQ 427 (29); MBUCV 17406 (36), 20356 (44), 20537 (3), 20569 (1), 20724 (2). •Valid as Bryconamericus subtilisform Román-Valencia 2003 -- (Román-Valencia 2005:60 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:25 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Zarske et al. 2010:9 [ref. 30816], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento 2016:528 [ref. 34727] as subtiliform). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus subtilisform Román-Valencia 2003. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Río Orinoco basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

surinamensis, Hemibrycon Géry [J.] 1962:71, Fig. 2 [Bulletin of Aquatic Biology v. 3 (no. 28); ref. 2039] Brownscreek, kilometer 114 of the railroad Paramaribo-Dam, Paramacca River basin, Suriname. Holotype: ZMA 104188 [ex Géry M.107.1]. Paratypes: MNHG 2182.059 [ex Géry M.107.2-3] (2), ? Géry M.107.5-11 [? now ZMA] (orig. 7); MNHN 1980-1435 (1); ZMA 100347 (?7). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:18 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry 1962 -- (Géry et al. 1991:44 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:242 [ref. 22818], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2007:255 [ref. 29278], Mirande 2010:534 [ref. 31006], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:759 [ref. 31076], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:120 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry 1962. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages of French Guiana and Suriname, and from lower ríos Tapajós, Tocantins and Xingu basins, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

sylvicola, Bryconamericus Braga [L.] 1998:22, Figs. 1-2 [Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Benardino Rivadavia" e Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales, Series Hydrobiologia. v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 24111] Arroyo Central, about 25°50'S, 54°10'W, tributary of River Urugua-i, affluent of River Paraná, Depto. Gral. Manuel Belgrano, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MACN 8072. Paratypes: MACN 8073-75 (7, 6, 4). •Valid as Bryconamericus sylvicola Braga 1998 -- (Miquelarena et al. 2002:71 [ref. 26517], López et al. 2002:61 [ref. 26808], Casciotta et al. 2002:163 [ref. 26551], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131] as silvycola, Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus sylvicola Braga 1998. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Paraná River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

sylvicola, Mimagoniates Menezes [N. A.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 1990:387, Figs. 7-8 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 103 (no. 2); ref. 16172] Forest stream tributary to Atlantic, near Fazenda Embaçuaba, Município de Prado, Bahia, Brazil, 17°05'S, 39°13'W. Holotype: MZUSP 36612. Paratypes: MZUSP 28815-17 (77, 28, 42); USNM 276547 (77), 276557 (42, 2 c&s), 300633 (5), 300634 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:481 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Mimagoniates sylvicola Menezes & Weitzman 1990 -- (Weitzman et al. 1996:181 [ref. 24772], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:345 [ref. 30495], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2012:784 [ref. 32131], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Silva et al. 2020:6 [ref. 37809], Menezes & Camelier 2024:221 [ref. 40817], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:40 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Mimagoniates sylvicola Menezes & Weitzman 1990. Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: coastal clear blackwater streams, southeastern to northeastern Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

synarmacanthus, Phallobrycon Netto-Ferreira [A. L.], Bastos [D. A.], Sousa [L. M. de] & Menezes [N. A.] 2016:257, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 3) for Nov.; ref. 34905] Pará, Senador José Porfírio, rio Bacajaí, rio Xingu basin, Brazil, 3°53'40"S, 51°43'28"W. Holotype: MZUSP 118815 [ex LIA 318]. Paratypes: LIA, MZUSP. •Valid as Phallobrycon synarmacanthus Netto-Ferreira, Bastos, Sousa & Menezes 2016 -- (Camelier 2024:249 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Phallobrycon synarmacanthus Netto-Ferreira, Bastos, Sousa & Menezes 2016. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Bacajaí River drainage, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

taeniurus, Poecilurichthys Gill [T. N.] 1858:418 [58] [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. On p. 58 of separate. •Valid as Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill 1858) -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:124 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:78 [ref. 30718], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:762 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:121 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento 2016:537 [ref. 34727], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:44 [ref. 36348]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill 1858). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Trinidad Island, Trinidad and Tobago, and Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

tambopatensis, Tyttocharax Weitzman [S. H.] & Ortega [H.] 1995:134, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 2); ref. 21874] Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza Tachigalli trail 2, Quebrada Trompetero, about 11°55'48"S, 71°15'18"W, Manu, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 5083. Paratypes: BMNH 1994.5.10.2 (4); MUSM 5084-85 (23, 13), 5087-93 (13, 6, 6, 31, 7, 14, 23); MZUSP 47571 (4); UMMZ 224325 (4); USNM 317811 (7), 317813 (5), 317815 (48), 317881 (14), 323417 (101, 20 c&s), 328936-38 (52, 97, 14), 328938-40 (14, 10, 14), 329350 (7). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:498 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Tyttocharax tambopatensis Weitzman & Ortega 1995 -- (Weitzman & Burns 1997:145 [ref. 24512], Costa & Le Bail 1999:1028 [ref. 24187], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:228 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2012:519 [ref. 32203], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39298], Menezes & Camelier 2024:284 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tyttocharax tambopatensis Weitzman & Ortega 1995. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Manu and Tambopata River basins (Peru and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

tanaothoros, Bryconadenos Weitzman [S. H.], Menezes [N. A.], Evers [H.-G.] & Burns [J. R.] 2005:338, Figs. 1-5, 7-9 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 28384] Serra do Roncador, along shore line of rio Suiá-Missu, near Fazenda Terra do Sol, west of road BR-158 at 12°50'90"S, 52°07'46'W, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 85852. Paratypes: LIRP 4087 (6); MCP 29467 (36); MZUP 62102 (3), 79752 (6); USNM 380150 (10), 352061 (9, plus one not retined) •Valid as Bryconadenos tanaothoros Weitzman, Menezes, Evers & Burns 2005 -- (Menezes et al. 2009:148 [ref. 30247]). •Valid as Knodus tanaothoros (Weitzman, Menezes, Evers & Burns 2005) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:373 [ref. 39833]). Current status: Valid as Knodus tanaothoros (Weitzman, Menezes, Evers & Burns 2005). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Suiá-Missu River drainage, Tapajós River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

taphorni, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:205, Fig. 88 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Orituco, Parque Nacional Guatopo, first bridge along road from Santa Teresa to Altagracia, Guarico, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV V-29288. Paratypes: MBUCV V-21032 (10), V-21244 (18), V-29289 (5); MCNG 18736 (36), 28752 (4); USNM 357730 (2, 1 c&s), 357784 (6). •Valid as Creagrutus taphorni Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:544 [ref. 31006] as cf. taphorni, Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:88 [ref. 35773] as cf. taphorni). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus taphorni Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Largely in Orinoco River and Tuy River basins of Caribbean versant, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

tarijae, Acrobrycon Fowler [H. W.] 1940:50, Figs. 5-6 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Former farm ‘Monte Bello’, río Lipeo approximately 2 km upstream from confluence with río Bermejo, Lipeo hamlet, Los Toldos municipality, Santa Victoria department, Salta Province, Argentina. 22°26'50"S, 64°32'54"W. Holotype: ANSP 68775. Paratypes: ANSP 68776-77 (2). Paratypes or additional material: ANSP 68778-810 (33), Géry coll. (3) [ex. ANSP 68811-13]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:55 [ref. 13621]. Locality is Argentina, see López et al. 2003:21 [ref. 27366], Koerber 2022:107 [ref. 39426]. •Synonym of Acrobrycon ipanquianus (Cope 1877) -- (Koerber 2014:3 [ref. 33621], Arcila et al. 2014:605 [ref. 33096], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Acrobrycon tarijae Fowler 1940 -- (Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:223 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:21 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:76 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:539 [ref. 31006], Briñoccoli et al. 2022:107 [ref. 39171], Koerber et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40368], Koerber et al. 2024:2 [ref. 41721]). Current status: Valid as Acrobrycon tarijae Fowler 1940. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: La Plata basin (southern Bolivia and northern Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

tenuis, Bryconamericus Bizerril [C. R. S. F.] & Auraújo [R. M. C.] 1992:65, Fig. 1 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 19 (no. 3); ref. 20971] Rio São Joao, Ville de Silva Jardim, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 12230. Paratypes: MNRJ 12231 (26). •Valid as Bryconamericus tenuis Bizerril & Auraújo 1992 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:25 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Hirschmann & Malabarba 2024:122 [ref. 40817] with correct second author). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus tenuis Bizerril & Auraújo 1992. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: São João River basin in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tenuis, Coelurichthys Nichols [J. T.] 1913:152 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 26; ref. 14965] Probably South America. Holotype: AMNH 4087. Paratypes: AMNH 4088 (1). Menezes & Weitzman 2009:339 [ref. 30495] serve as first revisers selecting lateralis over tenuis on "page priority", but there is no such thing as page priority in the Code [their selection, however, stands]. •Synonym of Mimagoniates microlepis (Steindachner 1877) -- (Schultz 1959:11 [ref. 39721]). •Synonym of Mimagoniates lateralis (Nichols 1913) -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:339 [ref. 30495], Menezes & Camelier 2024:220 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mimagoniates lateralis (Nichols 1913). Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ternetzi, Bryconamericus Myers [G. S.] 1928:89 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 3100] Amazon, Comanáos Rapids, Upper Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 44216 [ex IU]. •Valid as Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers 1928 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus heteresthes Eigenmann 1908 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:43 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

terofali, Glandulocauda Géry [J.] 1964:2, Fig. 1 [Opuscula Zoologica. Herausgegeben von der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in München No. 78; ref. 1891] Canal "El Cazador", Río Luján, tributary of Río de la Plata, 34°18'00"S, 58°46'00"W, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Holotype: ZSM 22503a. Paratypes: ANSP 139721 (1); MHNG 2187.6 (3 of 4); ZSM 22503b (7 now 5), 22141a (6 now 4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:55 [ref. 13621], Neumann 2011:245 [ref. 31652]. ANSP specimen might not be a type; only ZSM specimens were referred to in original description (holotype + 13 paratypes). •Valid as Diapoma terofali (Géry 1964) -- (Weitzman & Fink 1985:109 [ref. 5203], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:21 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:83 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:76 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:541 [ref. 31006], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Menezes & Weitzman 2011:62 [ref. 31289], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Ito et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39124], Loureiro et al. 2023:63 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma terofali (Géry 1964). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Lower Paraná and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

terrabensis, Bryconamericus Meek [S. E.] 1914:108 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 10); ref. 2961] Río Grande de Terraba, Costa Rica. Syntypes: BMNH 1909.3.13.40-42 (3). Based on Tetragonopterus emperador of Regan 1908. •Valid as Bryconamericus terrabensis Meek 1914 -- (Bussing 1987:80 [ref. 22927], Bussing 1998:99 [ref. 24179], Román-Valencia 2002:178 [ref. 26370] as Regan 1908, Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Vanegas-Rios 2009:393 [ref. 30843], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Angulo et al. 2013:992 [ref. 33194]). •Valid as Eretmobrycon terrabensis (Meek 1914) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Malabarba 2024:156 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Eretmobrycon terrabensis (Meek 1914). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Distribution: Central America: Costa Rica. Habitat: freshwater.

thauma, Diapoma Menezes [N. A.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2011:67, Figs. 17-23 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo v. 51 (no. 5); ref. 31289] Rio das Antas near mouth of the rio da Prata basin, 29°04'01"S, 51°22'48"W, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 44105. Paratypes: MCP 23047 (2), 3758 (2), 37900 (2?), 41011 (12); MZUSP 104077 (28 or 30, 2 c&s); UFRGS 9708 (24). •Valid as Diapoma thauma Menezes & Weitzman 2011 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Ito et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39124]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma thauma Menezes & Weitzman 2011. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Tributaries of rio Jacuí basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

thomasi, Bryconamericus Fowler [H. W.] 1940:49, Figs. 3-4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Former farm ‘Monte Bello’, río Lipeo approximately 2 km upstream from confluence with río Bermejo, Lipeo hamlet, Los Toldos municipality, Santa Victoria department, Salta Province, Argentina. 22°26'50"S, 64°32'54"W. Holotype: ANSP 68740. Paratypes: ANSP 68741-57 (17), 68758 (missing), 68761-74 (14); Géry coll. [ex ANSP 68759-60] (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:55 [ref. 13621]. Type locality changed from Bolivia to Argentina -- Mirande & Koerber 2015 [ref. 33698], Koerber 2022:107 [ref. 39426]. •Valid as Bryconamericus thomasi Fowler 1940 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Miquelarena & Aquino 1995:559 [ref. 29782], Braga 1998:26 [ref. 24111], Braga 2000:150 [ref. 25201], Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001:280 [ref. 26007], Miquelarena et al. 2002:71 [ref. 26517], Casciotta et al. 2002:163 [ref. 26551], Román-Valencia 2003:25 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:582 [ref. 27482], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Mirande 2010:541 [ref. 31006], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:110 [ref. 33608], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Piabina thomasi (Fowler 1940) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40431], Lima 2024:255 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piabina thomasi (Fowler 1940). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Argentina and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

tipiaia, Cyanocharax Malabarba [L. R.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 2003:116, Figs. 29-32 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Sér. Zoologia. v. 16 (no. 1); ref. 27141] Arroio Tipiáia, about 13 kilometers north of Júlio de Castilhos, on road to Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 30471. Paratypes: MCP 22712 (11, 2 c&s), 22766 (90). Plus non-type speciemens. •Valid as Cyanocharax tipiaia Malabarba & Weitzman 2003 -- (Casciotta et al. 2012:39 [ref. 32076], Protogino & Miquelarena 2012:581 [ref. 32123]). •Valid as Diapoma tipiaia (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Ito et al. 2022:20 [ref. 39124]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma tipiaia (Malabarba & Weitzman 2003). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Western small tributaries of the Jacuí River, Rio grande do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tiquiensis, Knodus Ferreira [K. M.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2006:630, Figs. 1-3 [Copeia 2006 (no. 4); ref. 28919] Rio Tiquié, Indian village of Caruru, cachoeira do Caruru, 0°16'28.9"N, 69°54'53.6"W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 88059. Paratypes: Many lots at AMNH, FMNH, INPA, LIRP, MZUSP. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Knodus tiquiensis Ferreira & Lima 2006 -- (Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Menezes & Marinho 2019:16 [ref. 36822], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Ferreira & Ohara 2023:374 [ref. 39833], Ferreira 2024:214 [ref. 40817]). •Synonym of Knodus macrophthalmus (Román-Valencia 2003) -- (Ferreira & Lima 2025:587 [ref. 42370]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus macrophthalmus (Román-Valencia 2003). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Habitat: freshwater.

tolimae, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:18 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Ibagué, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56257 [ex CM 5057]. Paratypes: (15, CM and IU) CAS 44357 [ex IU 12830] (8), FMNH 56258 (7). Type catalog: Henn 1928:63 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:19 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus tolimae Eigenmann 1913 -- (Román-Valencia 2004:23 [ref. 28640], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1755 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:1750 [ref. 30068], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:457, 2 [ref. 30393], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:466 [ref. 30392], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Hemibrycon tolimae (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Román-Valencia 2000:462 [ref. 25256], Román-Valencia 2001:475 [ref. 25946], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], García-Melo et al. 2018:[2] [ref. 35894], García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:14 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon tolimae (Eigenmann 1913). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Upper Magdalena River basin, Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

torrenticola, Piabarchus Mahnert [V.] & Géry [J.] 1988:3, Fig. 2; Pl. 2 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 6407] Salto Pirareta, Cordillera Province, Paraguay, circa 25°30'S, 56°56'W. Holotype: MHNG 2385.70. Paratypes: MNHN 1988-0469 [ex MHNG 85] (2); MHNG 2385-71 (42), 2385-72 (orig. 60), 2385-73 (34), 2385-74 (6); MZUSP 38398 (2); NMW 87626 (3); USNM 290842 [ex MHNG 2385-72] (4). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:33 [ref. 19022], Oyakawa 1996:490 [ref. 23140], Weber 1998:8 [ref. 32707], Herder et al. 2010:118 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Piabarchus torrenticola Mahnert & Géry 1988 -- (Lima in Reis et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35267], Lima 2024:254 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piabarchus torrenticola Mahnert & Géry 1988. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

torresi, Gephyrocharax Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.], Mirande [J. M.] & García Gonzales [M. D.] 2013:378, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 32748] Santander, El Carmen, río Magdalena basin, río La Colorada basin, río Cascajales system, río Sucio basin, Caño Volador, 6°89'56.44"N, 73°34'47.36"E, altitude approximately 338 meters. Holotype: UIST 1767. Paratypes: MLP 10518 [ex AI 293] (1, c&s), MLP 10519 [ex Al 295] (2); Al 294 (2); UIST 1751 (19), 1766 (12). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:4 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax torresi Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta, Mirande & García Gonzales 2013 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:65 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax torresi Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta, Mirande & García Gonzales 2013. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

tridens, Hemibrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:152 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Río Apurimac at Uruhuasi, southeastern Peru. Holotype: CAS 44358 [ex IU 13723]. •Valid as Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann 1922 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2007:256 [ref. 29278], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:765 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:120 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann 1922. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: Río Apurimac drainage, upper Ucayali River basin (Peru). IUCN (2016): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

trinitatis, Tetragonopterus (Hemibrycon) Lütken [C. F.] 1875:234 [45] [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1874 (nos 12-16); ref. 17563] Trinidad Island, West Indies. Syntypes: ZMUC 962-963 (2), 966-968 (3). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:47 [ref. 9588]. On p. 45 of separate. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill 1858) -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:762 [ref. 31076]). Current status: Synonym of Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill 1858). Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tucurui, Caiapobrycon Malabarba [L. R.] & Vari [R. P.] 2000:316, Figs. 1-3, 5-6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 25074] Río do Peixe, tributary of Río Maranhão, Niquelândia, 14°28'S, 48°45'W, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 14546. Paratypes: MCP 14393 (1 c&s), 15637-38 (1, 1), 20296 (1), 25011 (2, 1 c&s), 25012 (4); MNRJ 19523 (3); MZUSP 28856 (1), 40754 (1); USNM 326199 (3), 357179 (6). •Valid as Caiapobrycon tucurui Malabarba & Vari 2000 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:120 [ref. 27061], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:578 [ref. 33181], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Caiapobrycon tucurui Malabarba & Vari 2000. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

turiuba, Bryconamericus Langeani [F.], Lucena [Z. M. S. de], Pedrini [J. L.] & Tarelho-Pereira [F. J.] 2005:387, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2005 (no. 2); ref. 28234] Turiúba, Ribeirão Santa Bárbara (rapid), São Paulo, Brazil, 20°57'59"S, 50°01'06"W. Holotype: MCP 29414. Paratypes: DZSJRP 3054 (27, 2 c&s), 3107 (1), 3425 (12), 3427 (1), 3563 (1), 3575 (6), 3681 (12), 3711 (1), 3717 (5), 3836 (13), 3861 (6), 3914 (13, 1 c&s), 3930 (2), 3980 (2), 3992 (9), 4049 (3), 4055 (1), 4311 (4), 4322 (5), 4752 (11), 5266 (30); MCP 23414 (3), 23416 (95, 3 c&s), 29073 (14);MNRJ 23327 (10); MZUSP 79358 (12); LIRP 3264 (203). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:437 [ref. 35588]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann 1907 -- (García-Melo et al. 2019:10 [ref. 36761]). •Valid as Bryconamericus turiuba Langeani, Lucena, Pedrini & Tarelho-Pereira 2005 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:440 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Jerep & Shibatta 2017:10 [ref. 35610], dos Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Pedroso et al. 2024:13 [ref. 40856], Silva-Sene et al. 2024:3 [ref. 41784]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus turiuba Langeani, Lucena, Pedrini & Tarelho-Pereira 2005. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná System (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

tuyuka, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Lima [F. C. T.] 2003:583, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2003 (no. 3); ref. 27130] Rio Tiquié, comunidade de Cachoeira Comprida, beach below the cachoeira, 0°15'44.0"N, 70°01'05.2"W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 65679. Paratypes: INPA 18658 (2); MZUSP 64689 (2), 78519 (6, 1 c&s); USNM 369731 (2). •Valid as Creagrutus tuyuka Vari & Lima 2003 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Flausino & Lima 2019:7 [ref. 36726]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus tuyuka Vari & Lima 2003. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ungulus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:209, Fig. 90 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Quebrada Soga, tributary Of Río Madre de Dios, 1 kilometer upstream from Erika, opposite Salvacion, about 12°53'S, 71°12'W, Provincia Manu, Madre de Dios, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 8878. Paratypes: MNRJ 14481 (6); MUSM 8879-80 (7, 4); USNM 302788 (3), 303066 (10, 3 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus ungulus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus ungulus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Madre de Dios River basin (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

uporas, Bryconamericus Casciotta [J. R.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Almirón [A. E.] 2002:156, Figs. 1-6 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 109 (no. 1); ref. 26551] Arroyo Once Vueltas, 27°38'S, 55°12'W, Munic. Leandro N. Alen, Misiones, Argentina. Holotype: MLP 9568. Paratypes: MLP 9583 (14). Type catalog: Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:7 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Bryconamericus uporas Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Almirón 2002 -- (Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1055 [ref. 26511], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118-119 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:582 [ref. 27482], Casciotta et al. 2004:64 [ref. 27664], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus uporas Casciotta, Azpelicueta & Almirón 2002. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Uruguay River basin: Argentina and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

uruguayensis, Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Messner [E.] 1962:4 [Boletin de la Asociacion Latino Americana de Ictiologos y Herpetologos v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 23528] Arroyo Tomás Cuadra, tributary of River Negro, Durazno, Uruguay. Syntypes: MHNM 758-759 (1, 1). Type catalog: Olazarri et al. 1970:3 [ref. 23527]; see also Malabarba et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27836], Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Cyanocharax uruguayensis (Messner 1962) -- (Malabarba et al. 2004:99 [ref. 27836], Koerber 2011:2 [ref. 31122], Protogino & Miquelarena 2012:581 [ref. 32123], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:22 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565] with author without parentheses). •Valid as Diapoma uruguayensis (Messner 1962) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:2 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736]). •Valid as Diapoma uruguayense (Messner 1962) -- (Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37480], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Koerber et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38894], Ito et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39124], Koerber et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:64 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Diapoma uruguayense (Messner 1962). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

valencia, Gephyrocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1920:11 [Indiana University Studies v. 7 (no. 44); ref. 11120] Lake Valencia, Maracay, Venezuela, ca. 10°13'0.85"N, 67°37'11.82"W, altitude 448 meters. Holotype: CAS 44297 [ex IU 15131]. Paratypes: CAS 44294 [ex IU 15129] (99), 44295 [ex IU 15130] (2), 44296 [ex IU 15131] (3). •Valid as Gephyrocharax valencia Eigenmann 1920 -- (Taphorn 1992:188 [ref. 23654], Bonilla Rivero & López Rojas 1995:33 [ref. 38623], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Phillip et al. 2013:16 [ref. 32896], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1329 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:68 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:87 [ref. 35773], Ferreira et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35911], Taphorn et al. 2022:14 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax valencia Eigenmann 1920. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Trinidad). Habitat: freshwater.

varii, Creagrutus Ribeiro [A. C.], Benine [R. C.] & Figueiredo [C. A.] 2004:598, Figs. 1-10 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 64 (no. 3); ref. 27648] Córrego da Prata, 17°47'26"S, 47°35'48"W, Rio São Marcos basin, tributary of Rio Paranaíba basin, Munic. de Catalão, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 4342. Paratypes: DZSJRP 5424 (8); LIRP 3358 (32, 2 c&s), 3359 (7), 3625 (14); MCP 31989 (20); MZUSP 81069 (20); ZUEC 6165 (8). Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:438 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Creagrutus varii Ribeiro, Benine & Figueiredo 2004 -- (Harold & Salcedo 2010:382 [ref. 30692], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:581 [ref. 33181], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus varii Ribeiro, Benine & Figueiredo 2004. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Upper Paranaíba River basin, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

varii, Xenurobrycon Mendonça [M. B.], Peixoto [L. A. W.], Dutra [G. M.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2016:2, Figs. 1-5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 1) el50057; ref. 34350] Jacareacanga, Vila de Mamãe Anã, tributary of rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil, 5°42'22"S, 57°22'30"W. Holotype: MPEG 32825. Paratypes: INPA, MCNIP, MPEG, MZUSP, USNM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Xenurobrycon varii Mendonça, Peixoto, Dutra & Netto-Ferreira 2016 -- (Menezes & Camelier 2024:286 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Xenurobrycon varii Mendonça, Peixoto, Dutra & Netto-Ferreira 2016. Stevardiidae: Xenurobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Tapajós and Jamanxim River drainages, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

veedonii, Corynopoma Gill [T. N.] 1858:427 [67] [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 6 (nos 10-13, art. 38); ref. 1750] Trinidad Island, West Indies. On p. 67 of separate. •Synonym of Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858 -- (Taphorn 1992:164 [ref. 23654], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Corynopoma riisei Gill 1858. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

velox, Hemibrycon Dahl [G.] in Dahl & Medem 1964:68, Fig. [Informe sobre la fauna acuatica del Rio Sinu; ref. 19185] Quebrada Caña Fina, Río Verde del Sinú, Colombia. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: (54) SMF 21300 (11). •Valid as Hemibrycon velox Dahl 1964 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:14 [ref. 37579]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon velox Dahl 1964. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Sinu River basin, Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

venezuelae, Gephyrocharax Schultz [L. P.] 1944:324, Fig. 44 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 95 (no. 3181); ref. 3960] Trujillo, Lake Maracaibo system (Río San Juan at bridge south of Mene Grande), Motatán system, Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela, ca. 9°44'46.82"N, 70°48'7.92"W, altitude 41 meters. Holotype: USNM 121369. Paratypes: USNM 121533 (3), 121359-68 (1, 1, 25, 11, 11, 41, 22, 134, 6, 107), 236037 [ex USNM 121366] (3, c&s). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:22 [ref. 19022]. Accidentally omitted from 1998 publication; not the same as Astyanax venezuelae Schultz 1944. •Valid as Gephyrocharax venezuelae Schultz 1944 -- (Galvis et al. 1997:48 [ref. 23651], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:76 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633], Ferreira et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35911]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax venezuelae Schultz 1944. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Tributaries of Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

veruina, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:213, Fig. 91 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Cataniapo, 200 meters above Las Pavas, Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV V-29072. Paratypes: MBUCV V-14638 (2), USNM 355120 (2). •Valid as Creagrutus veruina Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus veruina Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Cataniapo River basin, east bank tributary of middle Oirnoco River, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

vexillapinnus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:215, Fig. 92 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Rio Negro, Cachoeira de São Gabriel, 0°08'S, 67°05'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 29894. Paratypes: MZUSP 29893 (1), 29896 (1), 31220 (1); USNM 341360 (1), 341361 (1 c&s). •Valid as Creagrutus vexillapinnus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Flausino & Lima 2019:7 [ref. 36726], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2024:137 [ref. 42338]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus vexillapinnus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: upper Negro, Vaupés and upper Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

victoriae, Tetragonopterus Steindachner [F.] 1907:83 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 44 (no. 6) (for 28 Feb. 1907); ref. 20499] Near mouth of River Parnaiba at Victoria, Alto Parnaíba Municipality, Maranhão, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 57823-25 (16, 13, 18). Comments on type locality see Aguiar et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38534]. •Valid as Knodus victoriae (Steindachner 1907) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Melo et al. 2016:376 [ref. 35317], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Aguiar et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38534], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Koerber et al. 2022:41 [ref. 39235], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329], Ferreira 2024:214 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus victoriae (Steindachner 1907). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Parnaíba River and upper Amazon River basins, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

virolinica, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Arcila-Mesa [D. K.] 2010:350, Figs. 2B, 3, 6 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 58 (no. 1) [for March]; ref. 30721] Charalá locality, Virolín creek, Río Cañaverales basin, Santander, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMNH 6704. Paratypes: many at ICNMNH 2870 (5), 6736 (12); IUQ 501 (1, c&s), 521 (9), 522 (4); MCNG 54103 (2) Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:19 [ref. 36127]. Apparently appeared first in Román-Valencia et al. 2009:32 [ref. 30722] but not qualifying as an original description. •Valid as Hemibrycon virolinica Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009 [o.k.]:32 [ref. 30722], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:103 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:123 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:91 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon virolinica Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: Río Cañaverales basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

weitzmani, Boehlkea Soares [I. M.], Bertaco [V. A.], Ito [P. M. M.] & Zuanon [J.] 2017:2, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 3) e170026; ref. 35609] Stream at 500 meter of the left margin of the rio Japurá, Amazonas State, Brazil, 01°42'52"S, 69°07'41"W. Holotype: INPA 53202. Paratypes: ANSP, INPA, MCN, MZUSP, USNM. •Valid as Boehlkea weitzmani Soares, Bertaco, Ito & Zuanon 2017. Current status: Valid as Boehlkea weitzmani Soares, Bertaco, Ito & Zuanon 2017. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Japurá drainage, rio Solimões basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

weitzmani, Bryconadenos Menezes [N. A.], Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Ferreira [K. M.] 2009:148, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30247] Rio Curuá tributary of rio Iriri, rio Xingu basin, 8°43'50"S, 54°57'49"W, Altamira, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 98666. Paratypes; MZUSP 96558 (10), 96559 (20). •Valid as Bryconadenos weitzmani Menezes, Netto-Ferreira & Ferreira 2009. •Valid as Knodus weitzmani (Menezes, Netto-Ferreira & Ferreira 2009) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38180], Aguiar et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39329]). Current status: Valid as Knodus weitzmani (Menezes, Netto-Ferreira & Ferreira 2009). Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Rio Curuá drainage, rio Xingu basin, Para State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

weitzmani, Lophiobrycon Castro [R. M. C.], Ribeiro [A. C.], Benine [R. C.] & Melo [A. L. A.] 2003:14, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 27319] Córrego Bom Jesus, 20°12'10"S, 46°55'22"W, Estância Carmem Sílvia, Município de Delfinópolis, rio Grande basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 4366. Paratypes: LIRP 4337 (8, 2 c&s), 4338 (31), 4339 (6, c&s); MCP 34194 (8); MZUSP 83353 (30). •Valid as Lophiobrycon weitzmani Castro, Ribeiro, Benine & Melo 2003 -- (Menezes et al. 2008:38 [ref. 31161], Menezes & Weitzman 2009:305 [ref. 30495] in Glandulocaudinae, Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Reis et al. 2016:13 [ref. 34496]). Current status: Valid as Lophiobrycon weitzmani Castro, Ribeiro, Benine & Melo 2003. Stevardiidae: Glandulocaudinae. Distribution: South America: middle rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil and uppermost tributaries of the São Francisco River. Habitat: freshwater.

weyrauchi, Microgenys Fowler [H. W.] 1945:3, Fig. 4 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 159; ref. 13141] Ninabamba near Ayacucho, Río Ucayali basin, Peru, elevation 1900 meters. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71627. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:55 [ref. 13621]. Possible synonym of Bryconacidnus ellisi according to Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061] •Valid as Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler 1945 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:145 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:22 [ref. 42137], Netto-Ferreira 2024:218 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler 1945. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia and Peru). IUCN (2016): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

whaleri, Gephyrocharax Hildebrand [S. F.] 1938:254, Fig. 2 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 12363] Río Chame or a nearby stream, Pacific slope, Panama. Holotype: USNM 106513. Paratypes: FMNH 36760-67 (8), USNM 109276 (now 39), USNM 235926 [ex 109276] (2, c&s). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:39 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:22 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax whaleri Hildebrand 1938 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). •Synonym of Gephyrocharax intermedius Meek & Hildebrand 1916 -- (Vanegas-Ríos 2016:30 [ref. 34359]). Current status: Synonym of Gephyrocharax intermedius Meek & Hildebrand 1916. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ximango, Chrysobrycon Silva-Oliveira [C.], Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.], Canto [A. L. C.] & Ribeiro [F. R. V.] 2025:4, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 23 (no. 1): e240077; ref. 41972] Igarapé Visão 2, a tributary of rio Mamiá, rio Curuá basin, Alenquer, Pará State, Brazil, 01°32'36.73"S, 55°11'38.49"W. Holotype: UFOPA I 1375. Paratypes: INPA, MLP-ICT, UFOPA. •Valid as Chrysobrycon ximango Silva-Oliveira, Vanegas-Ríos, Canto & Ribeiro 2025. Current status: Valid as Chrysobrycon ximango Silva-Oliveira, Vanegas-Ríos, Canto & Ribeiro 2025. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Mamiá River drainage, Curuá River basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

xiphos, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:218, Fig. 93 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Sand bank along Río Mato, 7°02'N, 65°13'W, Bolivar, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 165815. Paratypes: ANSP 177717 (3). •Valid as Creagrutus xiphos Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus xiphos Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Mato River in Caura River basin, Orinoco River drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

yacopiae, Hemibrycon Román-Valencia [C.] & Arcila-Mesa [D. K.] 2010:351, Figs. 2C, 3, 7 [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 58 (no. 1) [for March]; ref. 30721] Hatico-Moral, Río Hatico, Río Aldana system, Middle Magdalena River basin, Yacopi, Cundinamarca, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 6705. Paratypes: many at ICNMHN, IUQ, MCNG, MTD. Type catalog: Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:19 [ref. 36127]. Apparently appeared first in Román-Valencia et al. 2009:27 [ref. 30722] but not qualifying as an original description. •Valid as Hemibrycon yacopiae Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010 -- (Román-Valencia et al. 2009 [o.k.]:27 [ref. 30722], Román-Valencia et al. 2010:104 [ref. 30945], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:1365 [ref. 32877], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:123 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:57 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon yacopiae Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010. Stevardiidae: Hemibryconinae. Distribution: South America: middle Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

yanatili, Creagrutus Harold [A. S.] & Salcedo [N. J.] 2010:378, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30692] Río Urubamba (Ucayali River drainage), vicinity of Chaullay, 13°00'48"S 072°38'31"W, elevation 1155 m, Cuzco Department, Peru. Holotype: MUSM 24082. Paratypes: ANSP 180423 (3), MUSM 24083 (2). •Valid as Creagrutus yanatili Harold & Salcedo 2010 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Chuctaya et al. 2022:20 [ref. 42137]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus yanatili Harold & Salcedo 2010. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: Río Ucayali drainage (southeastern Peru). IUCN (2016): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

yokiae, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.] 2003:22, Figs. 1-3 [Memoria de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales No. 155 (for 2001); ref. 27037] Río Salado, northeast of Güiria, Caribe River basin, Paria Península, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV 29540. Paratypes: IUQ 458 [ex MBUCV 20273] (22), MBUCV (376). •Valid as Bryconamericus yokiae Román-Valencia 2003 -- (Román-Valencia 2005:63 [ref. 28949], Román-Valencia et al. 2008:23 [ref. 29743], Román-Valencia et al. 2009:2 [ref. 30393], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:440 [ref. 33665], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, DoNascimiento 2016:529 [ref. 34727]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus yokiae Román-Valencia 2003. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Salado River, Paria Peninsula, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

yoliae, Chrysobrycon Vanegas-Ríos [J. A.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Ortega [H.] 2014:292, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33375] Ucayali, Coronel Portillo, Abujao, río Ucayali basin, río Yucamia subsystem, unnamed Quebrada, 8°39’13.99"S, 73°21’16.63"W, Peru, approximately 273 meters elevation. Holotype: MUSM 46140. Paratypes: CI-FML 5882 (3), MLP 10517 (1), MZUSP 46141 (8). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:3 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Chrysobrycon yoliae Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta & Ortega 2014 -- (Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2015:181 [ref. 34047], Vanegas-Ríos & Urbano-Bonilla 2017:2355 [ref. 35265], Chuctaya et al. 2022:19 [ref. 42137], Vanegas-Ríos et al. 2024:684 [ref. 41166], Silva-Oliveira et al. 2025:9 [ref. 41972]). Current status: Valid as Chrysobrycon yoliae Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta & Ortega 2014. Stevardiidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Ucayali River drainage, western Amazon River basin (Peru). IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

ytu, Bryconamericus Almirón [A. E.], Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] & Casciotta [J. R.] 2004:4, Figs. 1-5 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 54; ref. 27986] Arroyo Shangay, 27°29'S, 54°40'W, río Uruguay basin, Misiones Province, Argentina. Holotype: MACN-ict 8670. Paratypes: MLP 10457 [ex AI 146] (10), MHNG 2644.99 (2), MTD F 28100-01 (2). Type catalog: Nadalin & López 2015:2 [ref. 34112]. •Valid as Bryconamericus ytu Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta 2004 -- (Koerber 2011:2 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:4 [ref. 33621], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus ytu Almirón, Azpelicueta & Casciotta 2004. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: Uruguay River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

ytuanama, Knodus Ferreira [K. M.] & Ohara [W. M.] 2023:366, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 5227 (no. 3); ref. 39833] Rio Mutum, near the road BR-174, Comodoro, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°5'10.76"S, 59°53'33.76"W. Holotype: CPUFMT 7756. Paratypes: CPUFMT, INPA, MZUSP, UFRO, ZUEC. •Valid as Knodus ytuanama Ferreira & Ohara 2023 -- (Silva-Oliveira et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40192]). Current status: Valid as Knodus ytuanama Ferreira & Ohara 2023. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Juruena drainage, Tapajós River basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

yudja, Creagrutus Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] & Moreira [C. R.] 2018:251, FIg. 1 [Zootaxa 4375 (no. 2); ref. 35759] Praia do Levi, Rio Iriri, Rio Xingu basin, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 3°50'37"S, 52°44'03"W. Holotype: MNRJ 48662. Paratypes: INPA, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Creagrutus yudja Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018. Current status: Valid as Creagrutus yudja Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: South America: lower Rio Xingu basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

zamorensis, Bryconamericus Román-Valencia [C.], Ruiz-C. [R. I.], Taphorn [D. C.] & García-Alzate [C. A.] 2013:132, Figs. 3-5 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 36 (no. 1); ref. 32807] Zamora Chinchipe, Rio Nangaritza at confluence with Rio Numpatakaime, 78°31'20'' W, 4°20'31''S, elevation 950 meters. Holotype: MEPN 11134. Paratypes: IUQ, MEPN. •Valid as Bryconamericus zamorensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2013 -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus zamorensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., Taphorn & García-Alzate 2013. Stevardiidae: Diapominae. Distribution: South America: Nangaritza River drainage, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

zephyrus, Creagrutus Vari [R. P.] & Harold [A. S.] 2001:220, Fig. 94 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 613; ref. 25842] Río Casiquiare, playa and backwater about 2 kilometers downstream from mouth of Río Pamoni, 2°48'N, 65°57'W, Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 161238. Paratypes: ANSP 161236-37 (10, 6), 177829 (2). •Valid as Creagrutus zephyrus Vari & Harold 2001 -- (Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745] as cf. zephyrus, Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus zephyrus Vari & Harold 2001. Stevardiidae: Creagrutinae. Distribution: Central and upper Negro River basins: Brazil, Ecuador? and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

zeteki, Bryconamericus Hildebrand [S. F.] 1938:265, Fig. 4 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 22 (no. 4); ref. 12363] A creek in El Valle, Pacific slope, Panama. Holotype: USNM 106511. Paratypes: FMNH 36653-60 (8); USNM 109263-64 (52, 32). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:19 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:11 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Bryconamericus emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Román-Valencia 2002:179 [ref. 26370]). •Valid as Bryconamericus zeteki Hildebrand 1938 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907) -- (Malabarba 2024:155 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Eretmobrycon emperador (Eigenmann & Ogle 1907). Stevardiidae: Landoninae. Habitat: freshwater.