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Genera in the family or subfamily Tetraodontidae: [ 96 ] records

Akamefugu (subgenus of Fugu) Abe [T.] 1954:122 Masc. Tetrodon chrysops Hilgendorf 1879. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989] says "Gastrophysus has been used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore precedence over Takifugu cannot be reversed under Code art. 23.9; not junior homonym of Gastrophysa Dejean, 1835: 405 (nomen nudum) and Gastrophysa Gebler, 1842: 39 in Coleoptera". For stabilization, we prefer to use Takifugu for the time being. •Synonym of Gastrophysus Müller 1843 -- (Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949 -- (Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441] based on placement of type species, Matsuura 1990:17 [ref. 13815]). Current status: Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949. Tetraodontidae.

Amblyrhynchote Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:279 Masc. Tetrodon honckenii Bloch 1785. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared as non-latinized "Amblyrhynchote" (unavailable); see next entry; but Kottelat 2001:613 [ref. 25859] regards Amblyrhynchote as latinized and available. Jordan and others regard the name as in French only. Type designated by Jordan 1919:263. •Synonym of Geneion Bibron 1855 -- (Kottelat 2013:477 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Amblyrhynchote Bibron 1855 -- (Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Jelks 2018:289 [ref. 36375]). Current status: Valid as Amblyrhynchote Bibron 1855. Tetraodontidae.

Amblyrhynchotes Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Fem. Tetrodon honckenii Bloch 1785. Appeared as "Amblyrhynchote" Bibron in Duméril 1855:279 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel (also Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186] as Amblyrhynchotus). Addition of species and type designation not researched; type from Fraser-Brunner 1943:11 [ref. 1495]. Kottelat 2001:613 [ref. 25859] regards Amblyrhynchote as Latinized and available. •Valid as Amblyrhynchotes [varied author/spelling] -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Hardy 1984:33 [ref. 5182], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:895 [ref. 5714], Matsuura 2001:3955 [ref. 26317]). •Synonym of Amblyrhynchote Bibron 1855. Current status: Synonym of Amblyrhynchote Bibron 1855. Tetraodontidae.

Anchisomus Richardson [J.] (ex Kaup) 1854:156 Masc. Tetrodon spengleri Bloch 1785. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated first by Jordan 1919:261 [ref. 2410] according to Su et al. 1986:102. •Objective synonym of Spheroides Duméril 1806 -- (Shipp 1974:34 [ref. 7147], Su et al. 1986:102 [ref. 12582]; see also account of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798). Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Anosmius Müller [J.] 1846:195 Masc. Tetrodon solandri Richardson 1845. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:473 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Anosmius (subgenus of Tetraodon) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1855:274 Masc. Tetrodon taeniatus Peters 1855. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan & Everamnn 1898:1741 [ref. 2444]. Also in Peters 1855:462. •Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Allen & Randall 1977:478 [ref. 6714], Kottelat 2013:474 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Aphanacanthe Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:279 Masc. Not available, no description. Kottelat 2001:611 [ref. 25859] regards the name as Latinized, but not available for lack of a description or an included available species. Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989] says "Gastrophysus has been used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore precedence over Takifugu cannot be reversed under Code art. 23.9; not junior homonym of Gastrophysa Dejean, 1835: 405 (nomen nudum) and Gastrophysa Gebler, 1842: 39 in Coleoptera". For stabilization, we prefer to use Takifugu for the time being. •In the synonymy of Gastrophysus Müller 1843 -- (Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989]). •In the synonymy of Takifugu Abe 1949. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949. Tetraodontidae.

Aphanacanthus Le Danois [Y.] 1959:174 Masc. Tetraodon hamiltoni Richardson 1846. See Kottelat 2001:611-612 [ref. 25859]. •In the synonymy of Tetractenos Hardy 1983. Current status: Synonym of Tetractenos Hardy 1983. Tetraodontidae.

Aphanacanthus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Appeared first as Aphanacanthe Bibron in Duméril 1855:278 [ref. 297] without description; latinized by Troschel 1856 as above, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First technical addition of species not researched; Jordan 1919:263 [ref. 2410] lists type as Tetraodon reticulatus Bibron, but that species apparently never validated. Aphanacanthus Troschel and of Holland are themselves unavailable for lack of a description or an included available species. See Kottelat 2001:611 [ref. 25859] and see Aphanacanthus Le Danois 1959. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Unknown. Tetraodontidae.

Apsicephalus Hollard [H. L. G. M.] 1857:324, 327 Masc. Tetrodon laevigatus Linnaeus 1766. Type by monotypy. Proposed as a genus (p. 327) for seven genera or subgenera of Bibron (see p. 324), apparently only species mentioned is in caption to Pl. 5, and this is regarded as type by monotypy (type not T. fluviatilis as given by Jordan 1919:275). •Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:477 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Arothron (subgenus of Tetrodon) Müller [J.] 1841:252 Masc. Tetrodon testudinarius Müller 1841. Type by monotypy. Appeared in a footnote. Gender uncertain, treated by current authors as masculine. If Tetrodon testudinarius is regarded as an emendation of testudinius Linnaeus, then the genus is based on a misidentified type species and should be submitted to the International Commission. •Apparently valid -- (see Matsuura & Toda 1981 [ref. 5537]). •Valid as Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Randall 1985 [ref. 6719], Smith & Heemstra 1986:896 [ref. 5714], Su & Tyler 1986:14 [ref. 11531], Matsuura & Okuno 1991 [ref. 19923], Gomon et al. 1994:903 [ref. 22532], Matsuura 1994 [ref. 21445], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:199 [ref. 23219], Lindberg et al. 1997:164 [ref. 23547], Matsuura 2001:3956 [ref. 26317], Hoese et al. 2006:1913 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:850 [ref. 30661], Verruraj et al. 2011:3 [ref. 31496], Randall et al. 2012:41 [ref. 31764], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1732 [ref. 34322], Matsuura 2016:[2] [ref. 34340], Motomura et al. 2017:236 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:384 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:181 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:331 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Auriglobus Kottelat [M.] 1999:598 Masc. Tetraodon modestus Bleeker 1850. Type by original designation. Based on Chonerhinos of Fraser-Brunner 1943 [ref. 1495] and Roberts 1982:2 [ref. 5513]. •Valid as Auriglobus Kottelat 1999 -- (Kottelat 2013:473 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Auriglobus Kottelat 1999. Tetraodontidae.

Batrachops Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:280 Masc. Tetrodon psittacus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Batrachops Heckel 1840 in fishes, replaced by Colomesus Gill 1884. See comments by Kottelat 2001:614 [ref. 25859]. •Synonym of Colomesus Gill 1884 -- (Tyler 1964:128 [ref. 22575], Shipp 1974:108 [ref. 7147], Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:670 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Boesemanichthys Abe [T.] 1952:40 Masc. Tetraodon firmamentum Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Brachycephalus Hollard [H. L. G. M.] 1857:326, 327 Masc. Tetraodon lineatus Linnaeus 1758. Type by being a replacement name. Proposed without species; regarded as an unneeded replacement for the subgenus Tetraodon of Bibron [= Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758 and taking same type]; see Hollard's caption to Pl. 6. •Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Tetraodontidae.

Canthigaster Swainson [W.] 1839:194 Fem. Tetrodon rostratus Bloch 1786. Type by subsequent designation. Name changed to Psilonodus on p. 328. Type designated by Bleeker 1866:12 [ref. 417]. Misspelled or unjustifiably emended to Canthogaster by Bleeker 1866:19 [ref. 417]. •Valid as Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Torchio 1973:647 [ref. 6892], Allen & Randall 1977 [ref. 6714], Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:365 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:898 [ref. 5714], Matsuura 1986 [ref. 6715], Randall & Cea Egaña 1989 [ref. 9295], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:200 [ref. 23219], Lindberg et al. 1997:160 [ref. 23547], Matsuura 2001:3955 [ref. 26317], Moura & Castro 2002:33 [ref. 25970], Shipp 2003:1989 [ref. 27120], Hoese et al. 2006:1916 [ref. 29099], Randall et al. 2008:3 [ref. 29943], Williams et al. 2012:80 [ref. 32264], Kottelat 2013:473 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1734 [ref. 34322], Motomura et al. 2017:236 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:385 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:182 [ref. 36273], Brown et al. 2019:183 [ref. 36444], Fricke et al. 2019:334 [ref. 36673], Matsuura et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37714], Fricke et al. 2022:257 [ref. 39016]). Current status: Valid as Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Carinotetraodon Benl [G.] 1957:1 Masc. Carinotetraodon chlupatyi Benl 1957. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Carinotetraodon Benl 1957 -- (Britz & Kottelat 1999:39 [ref. 24288], Kottelat 2013:474 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Carinotetraodon Benl 1957. Tetraodontidae.

Catophorhynchus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Appeared first as "Catophorhynque" Bibron in Duméril 1855:280 [ref. 297]. Latinized by Troschel 1856 as above, and by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First technical addition of species not researched. Kottelat 2001:614 [ref. 25859] treats Catophorhynque as Latinized and available, with the type species as Tetraodon scaber Eydoux & Souleyet 1850. •Treated with question in the synonymy of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 by Fraser-Brunner 1943:9 [ref. 1495]. •Junior objective synonym of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Kottelat 2001:614 [ref. 25859] based on placement of Catophorhynque). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Cheilichthys (subgenus of Tetrodon) Müller [J.] 1841:252 Masc. Tetrodon (Cheilichthys) pachygaster Müller & Troschel 1848. No species mentioned originally; first inclusion of species apparently by Müller & Troschel 1848:677 (Shipp 1974:34 [ref. 7147]) where genus was spelled Chilichthys. On Code recommendation 51D, the anonymous author is listed in square brackets. •Synonym of Spheroides Duméril 1806 -- (Shipp 1974:34 [ref. 7147]). •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798 -- (Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494]). Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Chelonodon (subgenus of Tetrodon) Müller [J.] 1841:252 Masc. Tetraodon kappa Bleeker 1850. Type by subsequent designation. No species mentioned originally; first addition of species by Bleeker 1850:7 [ref. 16874]. Type species by subsequent designation of Britz et al. 2024:566 [ref. 41629]. Type designation by Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477] invalid. •Synonym of Leiodon Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:478 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Chelonodon Müller 1841 -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Leis 1984:448 [ref. 13659], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:900 [ref. 5714], Kottelat 1989:21 [ref. 13605], Ataur Rahman 1989:53 [ref. 24860], Allen 1991:208 [ref. 21090], Arunachalam et al. 1999:11 [ref. 24090], Matsuura 2002:173 [ref. 26209], Matsuura 2001:3956 [ref. 26317], Ataur Rahman 2003:70 [ref. 31338], Hoese et al. 2006:1919 [ref. 29099], Verruraj et al. 2011:9 [ref. 31496], Britz et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41629]). Current status: Valid as Chelonodon Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Chelonodontops Smith [J. L. B.] 1958:156 Masc. Chelonodontops pulchellus Smith 1958. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Chelonodontops Smith 1958 -- (Kottelat 2013:474 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2018:388 [ref. 35805], Psomadakis et al. 2018:[1] [ref. 36003], Habib et al. 2018:[1] [ref. 36229]). •Synonym of Chelonodon Müller 1841 -- (Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494], Britz et al. 2024:565 [ref. 41629]). Current status: Synonym of Chelonodon Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Chonerhinos Bleeker [P.] 1854:259, 260 Masc. Tetrodon naritus Richardson 1848. Type by subsequent designation. Type apparently designated first by Bleeker 1865:49 [ref. 416] with genus spelled Chonerhinus; the original correct spelling is Chonerhinos. Type apparently not Tetraodon (Arothron) modestus Bleeker 1850 (see Kottelat 1999:597[ref. 24610]). •Valid as Chonerhinos Bleeker 1854 -- (Roberts 1982 [ref. 5513] with type as modestus, Arai 1983:208 [ref. 14249], Kottelat 1985:275 [ref. 11441], Kottelat 1989:21 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:186 [ref. 6439], Kottelat 2013:475 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Chonerhinos Bleeker 1854. Tetraodontidae.

Cirrhisomus Swainson [W.] 1839:194, 328 Masc. Tetrodon spengleri Swainson 1839. Type by monotypy. Species possibly dates to Bloch as spengleri as given by Jordan 1919:205 [ref. 2410]. •Synonym of Spheroides Duméril 1806 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:10 [ref. 1495]). •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Colomesus Gill [T. N.] 1884:422 Masc. Tetrodon psittacus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Batrachops Bibron, preoccupied by Batrachops Heckel 1840 in fishes. •Valid as Colomesus Gill 1884 -- (Tyler 1964:121 [ref. 22575], Shipp 1974:108 [ref. 7147], Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], see Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:670 [ref. 27061], Amaral et al. 2013:1 [ref. 33364], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous 1798 -- (Araujo et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40392]). Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Contusus Whitley [G. P.] 1947:147 Masc. Tetrodon richei Fréminville 1813. Type by original designation. Proposed with richei as type; apparently not technically a replacement name for Amblyrhynchotus Troschel 1856, preoccupied by Amblyrhynchotus Tilesius 1818 in Crustacea. •Valid as Contusus Whitley 1947 -- (Hardy 1981 [ref. 8595], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Gomon et al. 1994:903 [ref. 22532], Hoese et al. 2006:1919 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:850 [ref. 30661], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1735 [ref. 34322]). Current status: Valid as Contusus Whitley 1947. Tetraodontidae.

Crayracion Bleeker [P.] (ex Klein) 1865:Pls. 205-214 Masc. Tetrodon immaculatus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Can date to many species figured on Pls. 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212 and 214 published in part 18 (19 Apr. 1865); corresponding text (pp. 49, 65 et seq.) published in parts 19 and 20. Type as designated by Bleeker (p. 49) is Crayracion laevissimus Klein (unavailable). Type should be selected from among the figured specimens; type perhaps not yet validly designated. Also appeared in other Bleeker 1865 papers. Type designated by Kottelat (2013) as Tetrodon immaculatus. •In the synonymy of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Crayracion Klein [J. T.] 1777:788 Not available, published in a work that does not conform to the principle of binominal nomenclature. •In the synonymy of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Suppressed. Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Crayracion Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Klein) 1792:580 Not available, published in a part of a work rejected for nomenclaturaal purposes in Opinion 21 (1938); see also Shipp 1974:34 [ref. 7147]. Genus can date to Bleeker 1865 [ref. 416]. •In the synonymy of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Cyprichthys Whitley [G. P.] 1936:51 Masc. Tetraodon mappa Lesson 1831. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841 based on placement of types species -- (Smith & Heemstra 1986:897 [ref. 5714], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Dichotomycter Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Tetrodon fluviatilis Hamilton 1822. Type by monotypy. Appeared first as "Dichotomyctère" Bibron in Duméril 1855:279 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel as above, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First technical addition of species not researched; type above as given by Jordan 1919: 263 [ref. 2410]. "Dichotomyctere" is regarded by Kottelat 2001:612 [ref. 25859] as latinized and available, with no description but by inclusion of one available species. •Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494]). •Synonym of Dichotomyctere Duméril 1855 -- (Kottelat 2013:475 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]; see remarks). Current status: Synonym of Dichotomyctere Duméril 1855. Tetraodontidae.

Dichotomyctere Duméril [A. H. A.] 1855:279 Masc. Tetraodon fluviatilis Hamilton 1822. Type by monotypy. Appeared as Dichotomyctère. Regarded by Kottelat 2001:612 [ref. 25859] as latinized. •Valid as Dichotomyctere Duméril 1855 -- (Kottelat 2013:475 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Dichotomyctere Duméril 1855. Tetraodontidae.

Dilobomycterus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Tetrodon reticularis Bloch & Schneider 1801. Appeared first as "Dilobomyctère" Bibron in Duméril 1855:279 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel 1856, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First technical addition of species not researched (eleven species included by Bibron). Type above as given by Jordan 1919:263 [ref. 2410]. Kottelat 2001:613 [ref. 25859] treats Dilobomyctere as available. •In the synonymy of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Ephippion Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:281 Neut. Ephippion maculatum Bibron 1855 (= Tetrodon guttifer Bennett 1831). Treated as latinized when appeared as above. E. maculatum Bibron apparently never published in an available way; technical addition of T. guttifer not researched. Hemiconiatus Günther 1870 is an unneeded replacement. See Kottelat 2001:614 [ref. 25859]. •Valid as Ephippion Bibron 1855 -- (Tortonese 1973:645 [ref. 7192], Shipp 1974:116 [ref. 7147], Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1342 [ref. 13677], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Ephippion Bibron 1855. Tetraodontidae.

Epipedorhynchus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Appeared first as "Epipédorhynque" Bibron in Duméril 1855:278 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel as above, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First addition of species not researched. Type as given by Jordan 1919:263 [ref. 2410] is Tetraodon preycineti Bibron [name only]. But Epipedorhynchus Troschel and of Holland are themselves nomina nuda and not available. See also Su et al. 1986:109 [ref. 12582] and See Kottelat 2001:612 [ref. 25859]. Epipedorhynque also is unavailable for lack of a description or an included available species. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Unknown. Tetraodontidae.

Eumycterias Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:399 Masc. Eumycterias bitaeniatus Jenkins 1901. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Allen & Randall 1977:478 [ref. 6714], Kottelat 2013:474 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Feroxodon Su [J.-X.], Hardy [G. S.] & Tyler [J. C.] 1986:102 Masc. Anchisomus multistriatus Richardson 1854. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Feroxodon Su, Hardy & Tyler 1986 -- (Hoese et al. 2006:1920 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Feroxodon Su, Hardy & Tyler 1986. Tetraodontidae.

Fugu Abe [T.] 1952:36 Masc. Tetraodon rubripes Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Type by original designation. See also Abe 1954:122 [ref. 5] and Torafugu Abe 1949. Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989] says "Gastrophysus has been used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore precedence over Takifugu cannot be reversed under Code art. 23.9; not junior homonym of Gastrophysa Dejean, 1835: 405 (nomen nudum) and Gastrophysa Gebler, 1842: 39 in Coleoptera". For stabilization, we prefer to use Takifugu for the time being. •Valid as Fugu Abe, 1952 -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Kuang in Pan et al. 1991:537 [ref. 23876]). •Synonym of Gastrophysus Müller 1843 -- (Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949 -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:363 [ref. 2902] based on placement of type species, Matsuura 1990:18 [ref. 13815], Lindberg et al. 1997:116 [ref. 23547], Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494]). Current status: Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949. Tetraodontidae.

Gastrophysus Müller [J.] 1843:330 Masc. Tetrodon oblongus Bloch 1786. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Physogaster Müller 1841, apparently preoccupied in insects. Matsuura has declared his intention to ask the ICZN to suppress Gastrophysus (Matsuura, 2015), but no decision has been made. Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989] says "Gastrophysus has been used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore precedence over Takifugu cannot be reversed under Code art. 23.9; not junior homonym of Gastrophysa Dejean, 1835: 405 (nomen nudum) and Gastrophysa Gebler, 1842: 39 in Coleoptera". For stabilization, we prefer to use Takifugu for the time being. •Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 -- (Shipp 1974:17 [ref. 7147], Jelks 2018:288 [ref. 36375]). •Valid as Gastrophysus Müller 1843 -- (Li 1986:948 [ref. 6329], Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Geneion Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:280 Neut. Geneion maculatum Bibron 1855. Type by monotypy. Unlike most other genera in this work, Geneion has been regarded as latinized when originally proposed (e.g., by Troschel 1856:88 [ref. 12559] and by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]). See Kottelat 2001:614 [ref. 25859] for complicated nomenclatural issues. •Valid as Geneion Bibron 1855 -- (Kottelat 2013:477 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2018:388 [ref. 35805]). •Synonym of Amblyrhynchote Bibron 1855 -- (Jelks 2018:290 [ref. 36375]). Current status: Synonym of Amblyrhynchote Bibron 1855. Tetraodontidae.

Guentheridia Gilbert [C. H.] & Starks [E. C.] 1904:158 Fem. Tetrodon formosus Günther 1870. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Guentheridia Gilbert & Starks 1904 -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Guentheridia Gilbert & Starks 1904. Tetraodontidae.

Hemiconiatus (subgenus of Tetrodon) Günther [A.] 1870:272 Masc. Tetrodon guttifer Bennett 1831. Type by monotypy. Unneeded replacement for Ephippion Bibron (ex Duméril) 1855, not preoccupied by near-spellings. Original subgenus is correctly Tetraodon. •Objective synonym of Ephippion Bibron 1855 -- (Shipp 1974:116 [ref. 7147], Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494]). Current status: Synonym of Ephippion Bibron 1855. Tetraodontidae.

Higanfugu (subgenus of Sphoeroides) Abe [T.] 1949:93 (in key) Masc. Tetraodon pardalis Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Type by monotypy. Simultaneous subjective synonym, Matsuura 1990 gave precedence to Takifugu. Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989] says "Gastrophysus has been used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore precedence over Takifugu cannot be reversed under Code art. 23.9; not junior homonym of Gastrophysa Dejean, 1835: 405 (nomen nudum) and Gastrophysa Gebler, 1842: 39 in Coleoptera". For stabilization, we prefer to use Takifugu for the time being. •Synonym of Gastrophysus Müller 1843 -- (Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949 -- (Masuda et al. 1984:363 [ref. 6441] based on placement of type species, Matsuura 1990:17 [ref. 13815]). Current status: Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949. Tetraodontidae.

Holocanthus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:23 Masc. Holocanthus leionothos Gronow 1854. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1919:258 [ref. 2410]. •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Javichthys Hardy [G. S.] 1985:145 Masc. Javichthys kailolae Hardy 1985. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Javichthys Hardy 1985 -- (see Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Javichthys Hardy 1985. Tetraodontidae.

Kanduka Hora [S. L.] 1925:579 Fem. Kanduka michiei Hora 1925. Type by monotypy. See Das 2003:385 [ref. 27706]. •Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:15 [ref. 1495], Kottelat 2013:471 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Arothron Müller 1841. Tetraodontidae.

Laeviphysus Li [C.-S.] in Su & Li 2002:196,442 Masc. Tetraodon inermis Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:477 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Lagocephalus Swainson [W.] 1839:194, 328 Masc. Tetraodon lagocephalus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Shipp (1974:81 [ref. 7147]) suggests that Bonaparte 1841 established the type as Tetrodon pennantii Yarrell by designating the type as Tetraodon lagocephalus, with pennantii Yarrell 1836 a synonym of it (Art. 69.2.2). Tyler 1966:603 [ref. 4474] on information from W. I. Follett came to the same conclusion earlier. Swain 1882:283 [ref. 5966] designated the type as "L. stellatus, Bl., pl. 143." Bonaparte provided a new name Lagocephalus blochi for Swainson's "L. stellatus. Bl. pl. 143." But blochi is based on Bloch pl. 143 and so is the earlier name honckenii, and this means that Lagocephalus stellatus of Swainson = L. blochi Bonaparte = Tetraodon honckenii Bloch; the last-named is the type of Amblyrhynchotes, a genus currently recognized as valid. Kottelat 2001:615-616 provides a complicated and extensive review of the problems, with his own recommendations. In any event, it is suggested that Lagocephalus continue to be used for Tetraodon lagocephalus following current usage with the type as Lagocephalus lagocephalus. •Valid as Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 -- (Tortonese 1973:645 [ref. 7192], Shipp 1974 [ref. 7147], Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:206 [ref. 14249], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1343 [ref. 13677], Gomon et al. 1994:905 [ref. 22532], Smith & Heemstra 1986:900 [ref. 5714], see Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Lindberg et al. 1997:148 [ref. 23547], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:517 [ref. 24550], Matsuura 2001:3955 [ref. 26317], Shipp 2003:1989 [ref. 27120], Parin 2003:S34 [ref. 28536], Hoese et al. 2006:1920 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:852 [ref. 30661], Iwatsubo et al. 2009:21 [ref. 30933], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:75 [ref. 36649], Matsuura 2010:39 [ref. 33271], Ben-Abdallah et al. 2011:71 [ref. 31254], Verruraj et al. 2011:3 [ref. 31496], Matsuura et al. 2011:163 [ref. 31987], Wu et al. 2011:622 [ref. 32150], Kottelat 2013:477 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:552 [ref. 33547], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1736 [ref. 34322], Matsuura & Satoh 2016:[1] [ref. 34732], Motomura et al. 2017:237 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:388 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:182 [ref. 36273], Brown et al. 2019:184 [ref. 36444]). Current status: Valid as Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Leiodon Swainson [W.] 1839:194 Masc. Tetrodon marmoratus Swainson 1839. Type by monotypy. Appeared without species on p. 194; Swainson changed name to Leisomus on p. 328. Type designated by Bleeker 1865:45 [416], not by Bleeker 1865:49 [ref. 416] as T. patoca Hamilton (not an included species if one accepts the equivalence of Leiodon and Leisomus). Species laevissimus perhaps not available. Bleeker 1865:45 apparently serves as first reviser, selecting Leiodon over Leisomus. •Valid as Leiodon Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:478 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2018:389 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Leiodon Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Leisomus Swainson [W.] 1839:328 Masc. Tetrodon marmoratus Swainson 1839. Type by monotypy. As Leiodon on p. 194. Type designated by Swain 1883:283 [ref. 5966] if laevissinus if not available. Spelled Leiosomus by authors. See account of Leiodon Swainson. Species name laevissimus perhaps not available; type therefore by monotypy. Bleeker (1845:45) gave preference to Leiodon. •Synonym of Leiodon Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:478 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Leiodon Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Lepidorbidus (subgenus of Sphoeroides) Fowler [H. W.] 1929:263 Masc. Sphoeroides marleyi Fowler 1929. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Spheroides Duméril 1806 [or Sphoeroides Anonymous 1798] -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:11 [ref. 1495]). •Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758 based on placement of type species -- (Smith & Heemstra 1986:895 [ref. 5714]). Current status: Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Tetraodontidae.

Liosaccus (subgenus of Tetrodon) Günther [A.] 1870:272, 287 Masc. Tetrodon cutaneus Günther 1870. Type by subsequent designation. Described in key (p. 272) for 4 species treated on pp. 287-288. Type designated by Jordan 1919:357 [ref. 4904]. Spelled Liosarcus and wrongly credited to Hilgendorf by Abe 1949:93 [ref. 3], see Abe 1954:122 [ref. 5]. •Synonym of Spheroides Duméril 1806 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:11 [ref. 1495]). •Valid as Liosaccus Günther 1870 -- (Arai 1983:206 [ref. 14249]). •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Lucubrapiscis Whitley [G. P.] 1931:334 Masc. Eumycterias bitaeniatus Jenkins 1901. Type by being a replacement name. Apparently an unneeded replacement for Eumycterias Jenkins 1901, not preoccupied by Eumycterus Schoenherr 1838 in Coleoptera. •Objective synonym of Eumycterias Jenkins 1901. •Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Allen & Randall 1977:478 [ref. 6714], Kottelat 2013:474 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Marilyna Hardy [G. S.] 1982:2 Fem. Tetrodon pleurostictus Günther 1872. Type by original designation. Correct spelling for genus of type species is Tetraodon. •Valid as Marilyna Hardy 1982 -- (see Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Allen 1991:208 [ref. 21090], Matsuura 2001:3955 [ref. 26317], Hoese et al. 2006:1922 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Marilyna Hardy 1982. Tetraodontidae.

Monotrete Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:280 Masc. Tetrodon cutcutia Hamilton 1822. Type by monotypy. See Monotretus. Appeared first as Monotréte Bibron in Duméril 1855:280 [ref. 297] as above; latinized by Troschel 1856 as Monatretus, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186] as Monotreta. Kottelat 2001:608 [ref. 25859] regards Monotréte Bibron as Latinized and available. •Valid as Monotrete Bibron 1855 -- (Kottelat 1985:276 [ref. 11441], Tan & Kottelat 2009:62 [ref. 30261]). •Synonym of Leiodon Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:278 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Leiodon Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Monotretus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Tetrodon cutcutia Hamilton 1822. Appeared first as Monotréte Bibron in Duméril 1855:280 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel 1856 as above, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186] as Monotreta. Kottelat regards Monotréte Bibron as Latinized and available, and we tentatively follow him. First addition of species not researched; type above as given by Jordan 1919:263 [ref. 2410] for Monotretus. •Valid as Monotretus Troschel 1856 -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477]). •Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:14 [ref. 1495], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249] as Monotreta, Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494]). •Synonym of Leiodon Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:478 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Leiodon Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Omegophora Whitley [G. P.] 1934:160 Fem. Tetraodon armilla Waite & McCulloch 1915. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Omegophora Whitley 1934 -- (Hardy & Hutchins 1981 [ref. 5582], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Gomon et al. 1994:907 [ref. 22532], Hoese et al. 2006:1923 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:853 [ref. 30661], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Omegophora Whitley 1934. Tetraodontidae.

Oonidus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1815:90 Masc. Ovoides fasciatus Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Type by subsequent designation. As "Oonidus R. [Rafinesque] Ovoide Lac. [Lacepède]." Proposed as a replacement name but not for an available name; would apparently have to stand on its own with species subsequently added. Ovoides Cuvier 1800 is an earlier validation of "Les Ovoides" Lacepède. Kottelat (2013) selected Ovoides fasciatus Anonymous 1798 as type. •Junior objective homonym of Ovoides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798 -- (Kottelat 2013:470 [ref. 32989]). •In the synonymy of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Tetraodontidae.

Orbidus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1815:90 Masc. Tetrodon spengleri Bloch 1785. Type by being a replacement name. As "Orbidus R. [Rafinesque] Spheroide Lac. [Lacepède]." An available name latinizing "Les Spheroides" Lacepède but earlier published as Spheroides by Duméril 1806, and earlier as Sphoeroides Anonymous 1798. •Synonym of Spheroides Duméril 1806 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:10 [ref. 1495]). •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Orbis Müller [P. L. S.] 1766:141 Masc. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 701). Suppressed. Tetraodontidae.

Orbis Catesby [M.] 1771:28 Masc. Not available, published in a rejected work on Official Index (Opinion 89, Opinion 259). Suppressed. Tetraodontidae.

Orbis Fischer [G.] (ex Lacepède) 1813:71, 79 Masc. No included species; first addition of species not researched. •Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:14 [ref. 1495]). Current status: Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Tetraodontidae.

Orbis Billberg [G. J.] 1833:52, 53 Masc. Orbis psittacinus Billberg 1833 (Tetraodon testudineus Linnaeus 1758). Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Kullander 2016:110 [ref. 34147]. Based on Orbis of L'Écluse & Belon 1605:138 [ref. 30583]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Orbis Fischer 1813 in fishes. •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798 -- (Kullander 2016:110 [ref. 34147]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Ovoides Anonymous [Lacepède [B. G. E.]] 1798:675 Masc. Ovoides fasciatus Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Type by subsequent monotypy. First latinization of "Les Ovoïdes" Lacepède 1798:65 [ref. 2708]; also latinized by Cuvier 1800: tab. (poissons) [ref. 994]. See also Whitley 1832:311 [ref. 4676]. On Code recommendation 51D, the anonymous author is listed in square brackets. Misspelled Ooides by Billberg 1833:53 [ref. 34146]; see also Kullander 2016:111 [ref. 34147], who treats Ooides Billberg 1833 as independent genus description and assigns Ovoides fasciatus Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798 as type species. •Junior objective synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kottelat 2013:468 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Tetraodontidae.

Ovoides Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1798:521 Masc. Not available, genus and species names not latinized. See second entry for Ovoides. Tetraodontidae.

Ovum Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:530 Neut. Ovum commersoni Bloch & Schneider 1801. Type by monotypy. Based on l'ovoide fascé of Lacepède. •Junior objective synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Tetraodontidae.

Pao Kottelat [M.] 2013:479, 483 Masc. Tetraodon leiurus Bleeker 1850. Type by original designation. •Valid as Pao Kottelat 2013 -- (Zhang et al. 2016:210 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Pao Kottelat 2013. Tetraodontidae.

Pelagocephalus Tyler [J. C.] & Paxton [J. R.] 1979:203 Masc. Pelagocephalus coheni Tyler & Paxton 1979. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pelagocephalus Tyler & Paxton 1979 -- (Heemstra & Smith 1981 [ref. 5415], Arai 1983:208 [ref. 14249], Smith & Heemstra 1986:901 [ref. 5714], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1738 [ref. 34322]). Current status: Valid as Pelagocephalus Tyler & Paxton 1979. Tetraodontidae.

Physogaster (subgenus of Tetrodon) Müller [J.] 1841:252 Fem. Tetrodon oblongus Bloch 1786. Type by subsequent designation. Two species (oblongus and lunaris) mentioned; earliest subsequent designation perhaps is Bleeker 1865:46 [ref. 416] through objective synonym Gastrophysus; Jordan 1919:196 [ref. 2410] lists lunaris as type. Apparently preoccupied, replaced by Gastrophysus Müller 1832. Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989] says "Gastrophysus has been used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore precedence over Takifugu cannot be reversed under Code art. 23.9; not junior homonym of Gastrophysa Dejean, 1835: 405 (nomen nudum) and Gastrophysa Gebler, 1842: 39 in Coleoptera". For stabilization, we prefer to use Takifugu for the time being. •Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 -- (Shipp 1974:17 [ref. 7147]). •Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949 based on placement of type species. Current status: Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949. Tetraodontidae.

Pleuranacanthus Bleeker [P.] (ex Bibron) 1865:59 et seq. Masc. Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing in the synonymy of Tetraodon; apparently never made available later. •In the synonymy of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Polyspina Hardy [G. S.] 1983:42 Fem. Torquigener piosae Whitley 1955. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Polyspina Hardy 1983 -- (see Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Gomon et al. 1994:910 [ref. 22532], Hoese et al. 2006:1924 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:854 [ref. 30661], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Polyspina Hardy 1983. Tetraodontidae.

Prilonotus Richardson [J.] 1854:162 Masc. Prilonotus caudacinctus Richardson 1854. Type regarded as by monotypy, other species mentioned were ones included by Kaup (manuscript) as quoted by Richardson. Name quoted from Müller and from Kaup manuscript, but Prilonotus probably a slip for Psilonotus Swainson 1839 and not an original generic description. •In the synonymy of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:473 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Promecocephale Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:279 Masc. Tetrodon argentatus Lacepède 1804. Type by subsequent designation. See Kottelat 2001:612 [ref. 25859] who regards Promécocéphale as available. Type established in Jordan & Snyder 1901:232. •Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:477 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Promecocephalus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Tetrodon laevigatus Linnaeus 1766. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared first as "Promécocéphale" Bibron in Duméril 1855:279 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel as above, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First technical addition of species not researched. Type above as given by Jordan 1919:262 [ref. 2410]. Kottelat 2001:612 [ref. 25859] regards Promecocephale as available, with no description but six included species. •Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 -- (Tortonese 1973:645 [ref. 7192], Shipp 1974:17 [ref. 7147], Kottelat 2013:477 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Proodus Fowler [H. W.] 1944:183 Masc. Proodus xanthopterus Fowler 1944. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Current status: Uncertain. Tetraodontidae.

Psilonotus Swainson [W.] 1839:328 Masc. Tetrodon rostratus Bloch 1782. As Canthigaster on p. 194, changed to Psilonotus on p. 328. Apparently preoccupied in Hymenoptera [not researched]. •Objective synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Allen & Randall 1977:478 [ref. 6714], Kottelat 2013:473 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Reicheltia Hardy [G. S.] 1982:16 Fem. Sphaeroides halsteadi Whitley 1957. Type by original designation (also monotypic). For spelling of genus see Sphoeroides. •Valid as Reicheltia Hardy 1982 -- (see Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Hoese et al. 2006:1924 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Reicheltia Hardy 1982. Tetraodontidae.

Rhynchote Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:281 Masc. Tetradon peronii Bibron 1855. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Jordan 1898:741 •Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Kottelat 2013:474 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Rhynchotes Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Tetraodon gronovii Cuvier 1829. Appeared first as Rhynchote Bibron in Duméril 1855:280 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel 1856 as above, also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186] as Rhynchotus. First technical addition of species and subsequent type designation not researched. Type above as given by Jordan 1919:263 [ref. 2410]; Jordan & Evermann 1898:1741 [ref. 2444] list peroni as type. Kottelat 2001:615 regards Rhynchote as available; with type as Tetraodon peronii Bibron 1855 as estabished by Jordan & Snyder 1901:254 [ref. 12009]. •Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Allen & Randall 1977:478 [ref. 6714], Kottelat 2013:473 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Shippofugu (subgenus of Sphoeroides) Abe [T.] 1949:90 (in key) Masc. Tetraodon hypselogeneion Bleeker 1852. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Amblyrhynchotes Troschel 1856 -- (Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Torquigener Whitley 1930 -- (Matsuura 1990:17 [ref. 13815], Kottelat 2013:480 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Torquigener Whitley 1930. Tetraodontidae.

Shosaifugu (subgenus of Sphoeroides) Abe [T.] 1950:199 Masc. Tetraodon vermicularis Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Appeared in Abe 1949:92 (in key) [ref. 3] with 4 included species but no definite type fixation; therefore not available from Abe 1949. Type fixed by Abe 1950:199 with bibliographic reference to Abe 1949; name dates to Abe 1950. Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989] says "Gastrophysus has been used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore precedence over Takifugu cannot be reversed under Code art. 23.9; not junior homonym of Gastrophysa Dejean, 1835: 405 (nomen nudum) and Gastrophysa Gebler, 1842: 39 in Coleoptera". For stabilization, we prefer to use Takifugu for the time being. •Synonym of Gastrophysus Müller 1843 -- (Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949 -- (Masuda et al. 1984:363 [ref. 6441], Matsuura 1990:17 [ref. 13815]). Current status: Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949. Tetraodontidae.

Spheroides Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:22 Masc. Not available, genus and species not latinized. Validated by Duméril 1806 [ref. 1152], but see account of Spheroides Duméril and Sphoeroides [Anonymous] 1798. •Valid but with spellings both as Sphoeroides and Spheroides and authorship as Anonymous (current authors); correctly Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Spheroides Duméril [A. M. C.] 1806:342 Masc. Tetrodon spengleri Bloch 1785. Based on Sphéroides [Lacepède] 1798 (table). •Objective synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède [B. G. E.]] 1798:676 Masc. Tetrodon spengleri Bloch 1785. Apparently the first latinization of Sphéroïdes Lacepède 1798:table. Tortonese 1973:646 cites Lacepède as author. Type as given by Jordan for Spheroides Duméril; see also Jordan 1923:240 [ref. 2421]. Technical addition of species not researched. On Code recommendation 51D, the anonymous author is listed in square brackets. Misspelled Sphæroïdes by Billberg 1833:53 [ref. 34146]; see also Kullander 2016:110 [ref. 34147]. •Valid as Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798 -- (Tortonese 1973:646 [ref. 7192], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:364 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:902 [ref. 5714], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1344 [ref. 13677], Walker & Bussing 1996:677 [ref. 22229], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:202 [ref. 23219], Lindberg et al. 1997:169 [ref. 23547], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:511 [ref. 24550], Matsuura 2001:3955 [ref. 26317], Shipp 2003:1989 [ref. 27120], Parin 2003:S34 [ref. 28536], Hoese et al. 2006:1925 [ref. 29099], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:76 [ref. 36649], Shinohara et al. 2011:58 [ref. 31715], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:552 [ref. 33547], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1739 [ref. 34322], Fricke et al. 2018:389 [ref. 35805], Brown et al. 2019:184 [ref. 36444], Araujo et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40392], Hunt et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40687]). Current status: Valid as Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Stenocephalus Harada [Y.] & Abe [T.] 1994:30 Masc. Stenocephalus elongatus Harada & Abe 1984. monotypy. •Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839 -- (Aizawa et al. 2025:198 [ref. 42287]). Current status: Synonym of Lagocephalus Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Stenometope Bibron [G.] in Duméril 1855:278 Masc. Tetraodon testudineus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared as "Sténométope" Bibron in Duméril 1855:278 [ref. 297]; regarded as available by Kottelat 2001:611 [ref. 25859]. Type selected by Jordan & Snyder 1901:232 [ref. 14759]. •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Stenometopus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Tetraodon testudineus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Appeared first as "Sténométope" Bibron in Duméril 1855:278 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel as above; also by Hollard 1857:319 [ref. 2186]. First technical addition of species not researched. Type as given by Jordan 1919:263 [ref. 2410]. Kottelat 2001:611 [ref. 25859] regards Stenometope Duméril as available. •Synonym of Spheroides Duméril 1806 -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:10 [ref. 1495]). •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Takifugu (subgenus of Sphoeroides) Abe [T.] 1949:90 (in key) Masc. Tetrodon oblongus Bloch 1786. Type by monotypy. In Abe 1949 [ref. 3], a type species is fixed by indication (monotypy), so authorship does not date to Marshall [N. B.] & Palmer [G.] 1950 (in Zoological Record for 1949) as indicated by some authors. Gastrophysus can be suppressed under the ICZN, and Matsuura 2015 has declared his intention to ask the ICZN to suppress Gastrophysus (Matsuura 2015) but no decision has been made. Takifugu in prevailing recent practice. •Synonym of Gastrophysus Müller 1843 -- (Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Takifugu Abe 1949 -- (Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:362 [ref. 6441], Smith & Heemstra 1986:902 [ref. 5714], Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Kottelat 1989:21 [ref. 13605], Lindberg et al. 1997:116 [ref. 23547], Matsuura 2001:3956 [ref. 26317], Parin 2003:S34 [ref. 28536], Verruraj et al. 2011:9 [ref. 31496], Poltev & Koynov 2011:819 [ref. 32470], Matsuura 2014:[20] 91 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:553 [ref. 33547], Dyldin et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34682], Dyldin & Orlov 2017:202 [ref. 35257], Fricke et al. 2018:389 [ref. 35805], Matsuura 2017:71 [ref. 35985], Jelks 2018:289 [ref. 36375]). Current status: Valid as Takifugu Abe 1949. Tetraodontidae.

Tetractenos Hardy [G. S.] 1983:8 Neut. Tetrodon hamiltoni Richardson 1846. Type by original designation. See Kottelat 2001:611 [ref. 25859] for complex nomenclatural issues. Current authors do not follow Kottelat; use of prevailing usage should be researched. •Objective synonym of Aphanacanthus Le Danois 1959 -- (Kottelat 2001:611 [ref. 25859]). •Valid as Tetractenos Hardy 1983 -- (see Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Gomon et al. 1994:911 [ref. 22532], Matsuura 2001:3956 [ref. 26317], Hoese et al. 2006:1925 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:855 [ref. 30661], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Tetractenos Hardy 1983. Tetraodontidae.

Tetraodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:332 Masc. Tetraodon lineatus Linnaeus 1758. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Lesson, v. 16, 1830:198-199 [ref. 13391] (see Whitley 1935:138 [ref. 6396]). Tetrodon of authors, including Linnaeus 1766:410 [ref. 2786], is a misspelling or incorrect subsequent spelling (see Briggs 1961:164 [ref. 13439]). Kottelat (2013) indicates that Linnaeus used two spellings (332 and 243) and the correct spelling is Tetraodontidae. •Valid as Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758 -- (Dekkers 1975 [ref. 7417], Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Sontirat 1985:41 [ref. 33172], Roberts 1986:434 [ref. 6223], Kottelat 1989:21 [ref. 13605], Lévêque et al. 1989:123 [ref. 26480], Roberts 1989:188 [ref. 6439], Ataur Rahman 1989:52 [ref. 24860], Allen 1991:209 [ref. 21090], Lévêque in Lévêque et al. 1992:868 [ref. 21590], Ataur Rahman 2003:67 [ref. 31338], Hoese et al. 2006:1926 [ref. 29099], Schelly & Carvalho 2007:571 [ref. 30090], Saenjundaeng et al. 2013:77 [ref. 33104], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576]). Current status: Valid as Tetraodon Linnaeus 1758. Tetraodontidae.

Thecapteryx Fowler [H. W.] 1948:1 Fem. Thecapteryx lioderma Fowler 1948. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Current status: Synonym of Sphoeroides Anonymous [Lacepède] 1798. Tetraodontidae.

Torafugu Abe [T.] 1950:199 Masc. Tetraodon rubripes Temminck & Schlegel 1850. Type by original designation and monotypy (in 1950). Appeared first in Abe 1939:336 [ref. 5589] without type designation (Art. 13.3); not available. In 1950:199 [ref. 558], Abe listed the type as Tetraodon rubripes Temminck & Schlegel 1850 with bibliographic reference to Abe 1939. In 1954:122 [ref. 5] Abe indicated that Fugu should replace Torafugu Abe. Available from Abe 1950 with type as rubripes. Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989] says "Gastrophysus has been used as a valid name after 1899 and therefore precedence over Takifugu cannot be reversed under Code art. 23.9; not junior homonym of Gastrophysa Dejean, 1835: 405 (nomen nudum) and Gastrophysa Gebler, 1842: 39 in Coleoptera". For stabilization, we prefer to use Takifugu for the time being. •Synonym of Gastrophysus Müller 1843 -- (Kottelat 2013:476 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949 -- (Matsuura 1990:17 [ref. 13815], Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494]). Current status: Synonym of Takifugu Abe 1949. Tetraodontidae.

Torquigener Whitley [G. P.] 1930:31 Masc. Spheroides tuberculiferus Ogilby 1912. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Torquigener Whitley 1930 -- (Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Hardy 1983:15 [ref. 5341], Hardy 1983 [ref. 5342], Arai 1983:207 [ref. 14249], Smith & Heemstra 1986:902 [ref. 5714], Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Hardy 1989 [ref. 17672], Gomon et al. 1994:912 [ref. 22532], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:203 [ref. 23219], Matsuura 2001:3955 [ref. 26317], Hoese et al. 2006:1926 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2008:856 [ref. 30661], Verruraj et al. 2011:8 [ref. 31496], Kottelat 2013:480 [ref. 32989], Matsuura 2014:[1] [ref. 33491], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Stewart & Roberts 2015:1740 [ref. 34322], Motomura et al. 2017:238 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:389 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:183 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:335 [ref. 36673], Matsuura 2024:81 [ref. 41314]). Current status: Valid as Torquigener Whitley 1930. Tetraodontidae.

Tropidichthys Bleeker [P.] 1854:500 Masc. Tetraodon margaritatus Rüppell 1829. Type by subsequent designation. Spelled Tropidichthijs in main heading of original account, the Dutch ij equivalent to Latin y; as Tropidichthys in species accounts. Earliest type designation not researched; margaritatus Bleeker listed as type by Jordan 1919:256 [ref. 2410], valentini listed as type by Jordan & Evermann 1898:741 [ref. 2444]. •Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839 -- (Allen & Randall 1977:478 [ref. 6714], Kottelat 2013:473 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Canthigaster Swainson 1839. Tetraodontidae.

Tylerius Hardy [G. S.] 1984:33 Masc. Spheroides spinosissimus Regan 1908. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Tylerius Hardy 1984 -- (Smith & Heemstra 1986:903 [ref. 5714], see Su et al. 1986:112 [ref. 12582], Matsuura & Tyler 1997:204 [ref. 23219], Matsuura 2001:3955 [ref. 26317], Hoese et al. 2006:1929 [ref. 29099], Matsuura 2014:20 [ref. 33576], Fricke et al. 2016:115 [ref. 34625], Fricke et al. 2018:389 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:183 [ref. 36273], Matsuura et al. 2018:146 [ref. 36475]). Current status: Valid as Tylerius Hardy 1984. Tetraodontidae.

Uranostoma Bleeker [P.] (ex Bibron) 1865:49, 59, 61, 63 Neut. Uranostoma guttata Bleeker 1866. Manuscript name mentioned in passing in the synonymy of Tetraodon; not made available by Whitley 1970:247 [ref. 6601] for lack of adequate type-species fixation. •In the synonymy of Torquigener Whitley 1930 -- (Kottelat 2013:480 [ref. 32989]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Torquigener Whitley 1930. Tetraodontidae.

Xenopterus Troschel [F. H.] (ex Bibron) 1856:88 Masc. Xenopterus bellangerii Bibron 1855. Type by monotypy. Kottelat 1999:594 [ref. 24610] dates to Bibron 1855. Appeared first as "Xénoptère" Bibron in Duméril 1855:281 [ref. 297]; latinized by Troschel as above, also by Hollard 1856:319 [ref. 2186]. Addition of species not researched; type as given by Jordan 1919:263 [ref. 2410]. Kottelat 2001:614 [ref. 25959] regards Xénoptére as latinized and with type as bellangerii by monotypy. •Valid as Xenopterus Troschel 1856 [sometimes as Xenoptere] -- (Fraser-Brunner 1943:16 [ref. 1495], Tyler 1980:341 [ref. 4477], Jayaram 1981:393 [ref. 6497], Arai 1983:208 [ref. 14249], Kottelat 1989:21 [ref. 13605]). •Synonym of Chonerhinos Bleeker 1854 -- (Kottelat 1999:598 [ref. 24610], Ebert 2001:91 [ref. 25494], Kottelat 2013:475 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Chonerhinos Bleeker 1854. Tetraodontidae.