Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Trichiuridae: [ 88 ] records

acus, Aphanopus Maul [G. E.] 1948:47, Fig. 18 [Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal No. 3 (art. 6); ref. 2916] Off Madeira, eastern Atlantic (stomach content). Holotype (unique): MMF. •Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:463 [ref. 7206], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:977 [ref. 13676], Nakamura & Parin 1993:65 [ref. 21769], Biscoito et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31349]). Current status: Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

acutirostris, Trichiurus Günther [A.] 1860:348 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 2; ref. 1963] Not available, name on specimen mentioned under Trachiurus muticus. Nomen Nudum. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

alexanderi, Assurger Whitley [G. P.] 1933:84 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 19 (no. 1); ref. 4677] North Fremantle, Western Australia. Holotype: WAM P.352-001. Unneeded replacement name for Evoxymetopon anzac Alexander 1917, anzac felt not permissible by Whitley. •Objective synonym of Assurger anzac (Alexander 1917) -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:255 [ref. 7348], Nakamura & Parin 1993:69 [ref. 21769], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1830 [ref. 27115], Bray et al. 2006:1762 [ref. 29091]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Assurger anzac (Alexander 1917). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

altifrons, Lepidopus Parin [N. V.] & Collette [B. B.] 1993:189, Fig. 1 [Archiv für Fischereiwissenschaft v. 41 (no. 3); ref. 20649] Gulf of Mexico, 28°49'N, 86°38'W, depth 443 meters. Holotype: USNM 317977. Paratypes: FMNH 64102 (1), 64490 (1), 64493 (1); ISH 30-1970 (2), 1015-1966 (1), 1733-1968 (4), 1882-1968 (2). 1925-1968, 1947-1968 (2), 2022-1968 (1); MCZ 41518 (1), 57374 (2), 63115 (1), 64835-36 (1, 1), 75996 (3), 99449 (4); ROM 64548 (1); SIO 92-16 (1); USNM 150381 (1), 159241 (1), 265891 (1), 317978-82 (1, 2, 1, 1, 4), 320001-05 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1); ZMUC P73196-98 (3). •Valid as Lepidopus altifrons Parin & Collette 1993 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:92 [ref. 21769] as Lepidopus sp. pending description, Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Moore et al. 2003:230 [ref. 27076], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1834 [ref. 27115], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:102 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:175 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:769 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:181 [ref. 32708], Nión et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35565] with authors as (Parin & Collette 1993), Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopus altifrons Parin & Collette 1993. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

anzac, Evoxymetopon Alexander [W. B.] 1917:104, Pl. 7 [Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society, Western Australia, Perth v. 2; ref. 15232] North Fremantle, Western Australia. Holotype (unique): WAM P.352-001. Type catalog: Hutchins & Smith 1991:43 [ref. 19335], Moore et al. 2008:50 [ref. 30117]. •Valid as Assurger anzac (Alexander 1917) -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:255 [ref. 7348], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:266 [ref. 9277], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Nakamura & Parin 1993:69 [ref. 21769], Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995:1642 [ref. 22830], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:299 [ref. 24545], Nakabo 2000:1343 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3716 [ref. 26304] dated 1916, Shinohara et al. 2001:332 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:1343 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:417, 671 [ref. 26218], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1830 [ref. 27115], Nelson et al. 2004:175 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:166 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:502 [ref. 28379], Bray et al. 2006:1762 [ref. 29091], Page et al. 2013:181 [ref. 32708], Shinohara et al. 2014:272 [ref. 33330], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2890 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35565], Kells et al. 2016:312 [ref. 35888], Kim et al. 2020:181 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:112 [ref. 37637], Love et al. 2021:210 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Assurger anzac (Alexander 1917). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Probably circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas (including Sea of Japan). Habitat: marine.

aomori, Lepidopus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:303 [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 15 (pt 2); ref. 2506] Aomori Bay, Aomori, Japan. Holotype (unique): APM (dry). •Synonym of Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther 1877) -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:253 [ref. 7348], Parin 1990:974 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:82 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther 1877). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

argenteus, Lepidopus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Goüan) 1788:58, Pl. 87 (fig. 364) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Montpellier, France, western Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Based on 'Lepidopus; Le Jarretiere' of Goüan 1770:185, Pl. 1, fig. 4 [ref. 1863]. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

argenteus, Lepidopus Brauer [A.] 1906:292, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Die Tiefsee-Fische v. 15; ref. 632] Indian Ocean off northeastern Africa, 9°06'01"N, 53°41'2"E, bottom depth 5064 meters. Holotype (unique): ZMB 17681. Objectively invalid, preoccupied by Lepidopus argenteus Bonnaterre 1788. 1°Homonym. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae.

argenteus, Trichiurus Shaw [G.] 1803:90, Pl. 12 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Rivers and larger lakes of South America, India and China. No types known. Unneeded new name for Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382], Burhanuddin et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26330]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

argyrea, Scarcina Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:20, Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:38 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769], Parenti 2019:103 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

argyreus, Lepidopus Cuvier [G.] 1829:217 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Eastern Atlantic, from England to Cape of Good Hope. Also in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:223, Pl. 223 [ref. 1000]. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

arigato, Aphanopus Parin [N. V.] 1994:741 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 34 (no. 6); ref. 22089] Western North Pacific, 39°24'N, 144°27'E, depth 1000-945 meters. Holotype: HUMZ 78109. Paratypes: OSUO 2353 (4), ZIN 50587-88 (1, 1). •Valid as Aphanopus arigato Parin 1994 -- (Nakabo 2000:1342 [ref. 25182], Sheiko & Fedorov 2000:39 [ref. 25650], Nakabo 2002:1342 [ref. 26193], Parin 2003:S26 [ref. 28536], Mundy 2005:502 [ref. 28379], Parin et al. 2014:509 [ref. 33547], Love et al. 2021:210 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Aphanopus arigato Parin 1994. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: North Pacific: Japan to North America, south to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

armatus, Trichiurus Gray [J. E.] 1831:9 [Zoological Miscellany [No. 1]; ref. 21394] Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1955.5.13.1. •Synonym of Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier 1829) -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:100 [ref. 21769], Chakraborty et al. 2006:45 [ref. 28499], Holleman 2022:267 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Synonym of Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier 1829). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

atlanticus, Benthodesmus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1896:205, Pl. 58 (fig. 215) [Special Bulletin U. S. National Museum No. 2; ref. 1848] Western edge of Grand Bank, Newfoundland, Canada, depth 80 fathoms (stomach content). Holotype: USNM 29116. Paratypes: USNM 53059 (1). •Synonym of Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke 1879), subspecies simonyi (Steindachner 1891) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:463 [ref. 7206]). •Synonym of Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner 1891) -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:80 [ref. 21769], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1831 [ref. 27115], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2891 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner 1891). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

auriga, Trichiurus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1884:120, 121, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Die Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 2625] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. No types known. •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382]). •Valid as Trichiurus auriga Klunzinger 1884 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:104 [ref. 21769], Goren & Dor 1994:69 [ref. 25356], Adam et al. 1998:14 [ref. 23610], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3720 [ref. 26304], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:270 [ref. 27214], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S121 [ref. 27377], Bray et al. 2006:1765 [ref. 29091], Burhanuddin & Parin 2008:825 [ref. 29973], Larson et al. 2013:216 [ref. 32988], Ali et al. 2018:340 [ref. 36183], Golani & Fricke 2018:169 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:310 [ref. 36673], Holleman 2022:269 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus auriga Klunzinger 1884. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Maldives and India east to New Ireland (Papua New Guinea), south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

australis, Trichiurus Chakraborty [A.], Burhanuddin [A. I.] & Iwatsuki [Y.] 2005:166, Figs. 1, 2, 3A [Ichthyological Research v. 52 (no. 2); ref. 28231] Off Skyringville Passage, Burnett River mouth, Bundaberg, 24°44'S, 152°23'E, Australia. Holotype: QM I.26118. Paratypes: QM I.1024 (1), I.3245 (1), I.32662 (1), •Valid as Trichiurus australis Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2005. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus australis Chakraborty, Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2005. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

beckeri, Aphanopus Parin [N. V.] 1994:741 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 34 (no. 6); ref. 22089] Southeastern Indian Ocean, Western Australia, 28°04'S, 112°43'E, depth 853 meters. Holotype: AMS I.31181-003. Paratypes: AMS I.31181-014 (1), NSMT-P 46989 [? ex FSFRL EB 270] (1). •Valid as Aphanopus beckeri Parin 1994 -- (Bray et al. 2006:1762 [ref. 29091]). Current status: Valid as Aphanopus beckeri Parin 1994. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Australia: Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

benjamini, Benthodesmus Fowler [H. W.] 1938:45, Fig. 16 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 85 (no. 3032); ref. 1426] Off Atalaya Point, Batag Island, eastern coast of Luzon Island, Philippines, 12°44'42"N, 124°59'50"E, Albatross station D.5445, depth 383 fathoms. Holotype: USNM 98821. Paratypes: (4) USNM 98823 (1), 98825 (1). •Synonym of Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther 1877) -- (Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:82 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther 1877). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

brevis, Trichiurus Wang [K.-L.] & You [F.] in Wang, Liu, You & Xu 1992:70 [Marine Science (Beijing) No. 2; ref. 22014] Sanya, Bamajing and Shanwei, South China Sea, China. Holotype: IOCAS 3077. Paratypes: IOCAS (no numbers). Second author is You not Yuo. •Valid as Trichiurus brevis Wang & You 1992 -- (Burhanuddin et al. 2002:213 [ref. 26330], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:270 [ref. 27214], Chakraborty et al. 2005:168 [ref. 28231], Yi et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39013]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus brevis Wang & You 1992. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: South China Sea, China. Habitat: marine.

calcar, Lepidopus Parin [N. V.] & Mikhailin [S. V.] 1982:27, Figs. 1-2 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 29 (no. 1); ref. 8433] Colahan [Kolahan] Seamount, Hawaiian Ridge, central Pacific, 31°01'N, 175°53'E, depth 270 meters. Holotype: ZIN 45723. Paratypes: ZMMU P-15675 (2). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:85-86 [ref. 25714]. •Valid as Lepidopus calcar Parin & Mikhailin 1982 -- (Parin & Collette 1993:194 [ref. 20649], Nakamura & Parin 1993:93 [ref. 21769], Mundy 2005:503 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopus calcar Parin & Mikhailin 1982. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Central Pacific: Hawaiian Ridge endemic. Habitat: marine.

capricornis, Aphanopus Parin [N. V.] 1994:744 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 34 (no. 6); ref. 22089] Western Pacific, 33°38'S, 152°05'E, depth 978-10234 meters. Holotype: AMS I.24178-001. Paratypes: •Valid as Aphanopus capricornis Parin 1994 -- (Nakamura & Parin 2001:3716 [ref. 26304], Bray et al. 2006:1762 [ref. 29091], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:194 [ref. 30957]). Current status: Valid as Aphanopus capricornis Parin 1994. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Southwest Pacific. Habitat: marine.

carbo, Aphanopus Lowe [R. T.] 1839:79 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1839 (pt 7); ref. 2829] Off Madeira. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.11.29.6. •Valid as Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Ehrich 1983:114 [ref. 37253], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:265 [ref. 9277], Kido in Amaoka et al. 1983:135, 206 [ref. 8379], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:227 [ref. 6441], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:977 [ref. 13676], Nakamura in Nakamura et al. 1986:278 [ref. 14235], Peden & Hughes 1986:4 [ref. 9714], Scott & Scott 1988:446 [ref. 25518], Pequeño 1989:67 [ref. 14125], McAllister 1990:178 [ref. 14674], Nakamura & Parin 1993:65 [ref. 21769], Amaoka in Okamura et al. 1995:220 [ref. 22531], Santos et al. 1997:106 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:99 [ref. 24952], Uiblein et al. 1999:65 [ref. 24045], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1828 [ref. 27115], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:102 [ref. 27192], Møller et al. 2010:68 [ref. 31169], Biscoito et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31349], Afonso et al. 2016:73, 93 [ref. 36199], Bañón et al. 2016:324 [ref. 34397], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2888 [ref. 34618], Martins & Carneiro 2018:57 [ref. 36550], Carneiro et al. 2019:164 [ref. 37250], Sutton et al. 2020:268 [ref. 37832], Bañón & Maño 2021:93 [ref. 38887], Fermon et al. 2022:216 [ref. 39448] with question, Carvalho-Filho 2023:247 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Atlantic. Habitat: marine.

caudatus, Trichiurus Euphrasen [B. A.] 1788:52, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm v. 9 (for 1788); ref. 17466] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. No types known. Also described by Euphrasen 1788:48 [ref. 30155]. •Valid as Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:979 [ref. 13676], Nakamura 1986:830 [ref. 5696], Rosenblatt & Wilson 1987:343 [ref. 6711], Paulin et al. 1989:228 [ref. 24556], Shcherbachev et al. 1989:167 [ref. 36134], Nakamura in Amaoka et al. 1990:308 [ref. 16024], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Parin & Collette 1993:194 [ref. 20649], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:171 [ref. 25472], Gomon et al. 1994:818 [ref. 22532], Andrew et al. 1995:25 [ref. 38009], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:299 [ref. 24545], Santos et al. 1997:106 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:99 [ref. 24952], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:117 [ref. 24555], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Uiblein et al. 1999:66 [ref. 24045], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:139 [ref. 26753], Falcón et al. 2003:146 [ref. 39343], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:412 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:59 [ref. 37112], Bray et al. 2006:1764 [ref. 29091], Fricke et al. 2007:109 [ref. 29533], Vasil'eva 2007:177 [ref. 30517], Gomon 2008:780 [ref. 30616], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:69 [ref. 36649], Parin et al. 2014:510 [ref. 33547], Goren & Galil 2015:521 [ref. 33910], Stewart 2015:1622 [ref. 34196], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2893 [ref. 34618], Fricke et al. 2018:361 [ref. 35805], Martins & Carneiro 2018:55 [ref. 36550], Carneiro et al. 2019:165 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:100 [ref. 36864], Bariche & Fricke 2020:97 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:22 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:93 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:82 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:36 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:217 [ref. 39448] possible, Holleman 2022:266 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Mediterranean Sea). Habitat: marine.

coxii, Trichiurus Ramsay [E. P.] & Ogilby [J. D.] 1887:562 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (Series 2) v. 2 (pt 2, 3); ref. 14476] Broken Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype: AMS I.1342. •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:106 [ref. 21769], Gomon et al. 1994:819 [ref. 22532], Bray et al. 2006:1765 [ref. 29091]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cristatus, Trichiurus Klunzinger [C. B.] 1884:120, 121, Pl. 13 (fig. 5) [Die Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 2625] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: (3). •Valid as Tentoriceps cristatus (Klunzinger 1884) -- (Dor 1984:260 [ref. 29757], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Nakamura 1986:830 [ref. 5696], Nakamura & Parin 1993:102 [ref. 21769], Goren & Dor 1994:69 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:527 [ref. 27969], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1343 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3714 [ref. 26304], Nakabo 2002:1343 [ref. 26193], Bray et al. 2006:1765 [ref. 29091], Iwatsuki 2009:310 [ref. 30433], Larson et al. 2013:216 [ref. 32988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:312 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:210 [ref. 35490], Golani & Fricke 2018:169 [ref. 36273], Kim et al. 2020:181 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:568 [ref. 37272], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:267 [ref. 41223], Holleman 2022:268 [ref. 40163], Anuraj et al. 2023:[2] [ref. 40207], Luo et al. 2024:9 [ref. 41630]). Current status: Valid as Tentoriceps cristatus (Klunzinger 1884). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Mozambique Channel, Saya de Malha Bank and Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) east to Philippines, north to southern Korea and southern Japan, south to New South Wales and Australia. Habitat: marine.

dubius, Lepidopus Parin [N. V.] & Mikhailin [S. V.] 1981:404 [2], Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 8564] Southeastern Atlantic, off Angola, 6°38'S, 11°38'E, depth 490-495 meters. Holotype: ZIN 45496. Paratypes: IOM uncat. (9); VNIRO uncat. (orig. 3); USNM 224260 (1), ZMMU P-15574-75 (1, 1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:86 [ref. 25714]. On p. 2 of English translation. •Valid as Lepidopus dubius Parin & Mikhailin 1981 -- (Rosenblatt & Wilson 1987:343 [ref. 6711], Parin 1990:976 [ref. 19382], Parin & Collette 1993:194 [ref. 20649], Nakamura & Parin 1993:96 [ref. 21769], Parin 2000:842 [ref. 25082], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2894 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:276 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:217 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopus dubius Parin & Mikhailin 1981. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Gabon south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

electricus, Trichiurus Forster [J. R.] (ex Willughby) 1795:14, Pl. 3 (fig. 3) [Zoologia Indica, sistens descriptiones animalium selectorum; ref. 18091] Name only, not available. From India. In synonymy of Trichiurus indicus Gmelin 1789. Appeared as unnecessary replacement name for Trichiurus indicus Gmelin 1789 in Sonnini 1803:399 (v. 5) [ref. 30473]. •In the synonymy of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Burhanuddin et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26330]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

elongatus, Lepidopus Clarke [F. E.] 1879:294, Pl. 14 [Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute v. 11 (art. 25) (for 1878); ref. 18006] Hokitika Beach, South Island, New Zealand. Holotype: NMNZ (missing). •Valid as Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke 1879) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:463 [ref. 7206], Nakamura in Okamura et al. 1982:267, 390 [ref. 8256], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:266 [ref. 9277], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:978 [ref. 13676], Nakamura 1986:830 [ref. 5696], Nakamura in Nakamura et al. 1986:280 [ref. 14235], Scott & Scott 1988:447 [ref. 25518], Pequeño 1989:67 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:229 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:178 [ref. 14674], Nakamura & Parin 1993:74 [ref. 21769], Gomon et al. 1994:817 [ref. 22532], Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995:1642 [ref. 22830], Nakabo 2000:1342 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1342 [ref. 26193], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:102 [ref. 27192], Bray et al. 2006:1763 [ref. 29091], Gomon 2008:780 [ref. 30616], Fricke et al. 2009:111 [ref. 30213], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:118 [ref. 36167], Stewart 2015:1619 [ref. 34196], Nión et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35565], Fricke et al. 2018:361 [ref. 35805], Carneiro et al. 2019:164 [ref. 37250], Holleman 2022:262 [ref. 40163], Carvalho-Filho 2023:247 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke 1879). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in the Southern Hemisphere. Habitat: marine.

ensiformis, Trichiurus Vandelli [D.] 1797:70 [Memorias da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa v. 1; ref. 17880] Lisbon, Portugal. No types known. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

fitchi, Lepidopus Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Wilson [R. R., Jr.] 1987:348, Fig. 6 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (no. 4); ref. 6711] Baja California Norte, about 1.5 kilometers northern of North Coronado Island, Mexico. Holotype: SIO 62-171. Paratypes: CAS 63248 [SIO 55-53] (1); SIO 48-270 (1), 49-134 (1), 50-128 (1), 54-31 (), 54-34 (1), 55-12 (1), 55-29 (1), 55-53 (1), 55-82 (1), 57-142 (1), 58-52 (1), 58-221 (1), 60-58 (1), 60-65 (2), 60-74 (), 60-148 (2), 60-177 (1), 61-5 (3), 62-171 (1), 63-398 (2), 64-325 (1), 65-275 (1), 70-126 (1), 71-69 (1), 72-209 (4), 73-58 (1), 75-394 (1), 81-71 (1). •Valid as Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt & Wilson 1987 -- (Parin & Collette 1993:194 [ref. 20649], Nakamura & Parin 1993:97 [ref. 21769], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1993:84 [ref. 21807], Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995:1640 [ref. 22830], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:299 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:117 [ref. 24555], Gago 1998:10 [ref. 25565], Nelson et al. 2004:175 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:166 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:181 [ref. 32708], Fourriére et al. 2016:459 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:611 [ref. 34923], Burton & Lea 2019:92 [ref. 37205], Love et al. 2021:210 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopus fitchi Rosenblatt & Wilson 1987. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Oregon (U.S.A.) south to southern Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: marine.

gangeticus, Trichiurus Gupta [M. V.] 1966:169 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 20817] Frasergunj, 24-Parganas District, western Bengal. Holotype: ZSI F4811/2. Paratypes: CIFRI (70). •Valid as Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta 1966 -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:993 [ref. 20764], Nakamura & Parin 1993:105 [ref. 21769], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:270 [ref. 27214], Burhanuddin & Parin 2008:825 [ref. 29973], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 18 [ref. 38321], Holleman 2022:269 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta 1966. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: east coast of India. Habitat: brackish, marine.

gladius, Trichiurus Holten [H. S. von] 1802:23, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Skrivter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet Kiøbenhavn v. 5; ref. 18306] Portugal. No types known. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

glossodon, Trichiurus Bleeker [P.] 1860:38 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 4); ref. 377] Soengidoeri in Bangkayang, western Borneo. Lectotype: RMNH 6031. Paralectotypes: RMNH 24086 (3). Bleeker specimens: NMV A913 (2). Lectotype selected and figured by Boeseman 1962:214 [ref. 20676]. •Valid as Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker 1860) -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:85 [ref. 21769], Randall 1995:370 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:222 [ref. 23922], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3719 [ref. 26304], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S121 [ref. 27377], Psomadakis et al. 2015:311 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:340 [ref. 36183], Eagderi et al. 2019:118 [ref. 37020], Psomadakis et al. 2020:567 [ref. 37272], Holleman 2022:264 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker 1860). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

gouani, Lepidopus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:239, Pl. 53 (lower fig.) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] No locality (= Mediterranean Sea). Spelled goüani on plate, gouani in text and Index. the 'ü' in goueani should be treated as a vocal separate from the 'o', spoken 'go-u-an. Name is correctly gouani (R. Fricke, pers. comm., 22 Mar. 2008). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

gouanianus, Lepidopus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1800:519, 520 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 2; ref. 2709] Mediterranean Sea (is Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon Region, France). No types known. Unnecessary replacement name for Lepidopus argenteus Bonnaterre 1788. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:70, 1719 (vol. 7) [ref. 30473] •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769], Bray et al. 2006:1764 [ref. 29091]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

goueani, Lepidopus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:694 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Originally goüani, but the 'ü' should be treated as a vocal separate from the 'o', spoken 'go-u-an. Name is correctly gouani (R. Fricke, pers. comm., 22 Mar. 2008). •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (P. Parenti, pers. comm.). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

hamrela, Trichiurus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:518 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Regarded as an incorrect subsequent spelling of haumela Fabricius 1775; spelled haumela on p. lviii and in corrigenda, and as hamrela on p. 518. •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Dor 1984:261 [ref. 29757], Fricke 2008:56 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

haumela, Clupea Fabricius [J. C.] (ex Forsskål) in Niebuhr 1775:72, xiii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Mochhæ] Al-Mukhā, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:56 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Trichiurus haumela (Forsskål 1775) -- (Chen et al. 1997:157 [ref. 26476], Cheng & Zhou 1997:345 [ref. 26385], Wang et al. 2001:254 [ref. 26566]). •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:258 [ref. 7348], Dor 1984:261 [ref. 29757], Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382], Wang et al. 1992:71 [ref. 22014], Nakamura & Parin 1993:106 [ref. 21769], Gomon et al. 1994:819 [ref. 22532], Randall 1995:370 [ref. 22896], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3715 [ref. 26304], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:354 [ref. 28867], Fricke 2008:56 [ref. 30182], Golani & Fricke 2018:169 [ref. 36273], Holleman 2022:269 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

indicus, Trichiurus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1142 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Indian Ocean. No types known. Based on several literature sources. •A muraenid or anguilliform species -- (Burhanuddin et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26330]). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

intermedius, Aphanopus Parin [N. V.] 1983:358 [4] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 5304] Southeastern Atlantic off Angola, 6°28'S, 11°13'W, depth 1000 meters. Holotype: ZIN 46189. Paratypes: IOM uncat. (orig. 11), ZMMU P-14507 (1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:85 [ref. 25714]. On p. 4 of English translation. •Valid as Aphanopus intermedius Parin 1983 -- (Parin 1990:974 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:66 [ref. 21769], Amaoka in Okamura et al. 1995:220 [ref. 22531], Parin 1994:745 [ref. 22089], McCosker et al. 1997:25 [ref. 22816], Pakhorukov 1999:659 [ref. 24883], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Moore et al. 2003:230 [ref. 27076], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1829 [ref. 27115], Love et al. 2005:166 [ref. 37547], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:766 [ref. 28815], Biscoito et al. 2011:19 [ref. 31349], Wirtz et al. 2014:10 [ref. 33516], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2889 [ref. 34618], Eduardo et al. 2018:[3] 993 [ref. 37063], Brown et al. 2019:172 [ref. 36444], Burton & Lea 2019:92 [ref. 37205], Carneiro et al. 2019:164 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:275 [ref. 38139], Sutton et al. 2020:268 [ref. 37832], Eduardo et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39574], Fermon et al. 2022:216 [ref. 39448] possible, Grove et al. 2022:18 [ref. 41326], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Aphanopus intermedius Parin 1983. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: off Brazil; southern central Atlantic: Saint Helena Island; eastern Atlantic: Canary Islands south to Gabon, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: marine.

intermedius, Trichiurus Gray [J. E.] 1831:10 [Zoological Miscellany [No. 1]; ref. 21394] No locality. Holotype (unique): Whereabouts unknown, not BMNH 1860.3.19.76. •Treated as a synonym of Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker 1860) although intermedius is the older name -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:85 [ref. 21769], Eagderi et al. 2019:118 [ref. 37020]). Current status: Synonym of Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker 1860). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

japonicus, Trichiurus lepturus Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1844:102, Pl. 54 [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Japan (probably near Nagasaki, possibly Shimabara Bay). Lectotype: RMNH D2040 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH 1496 (2), 1497 (1, head). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:97 [ref. 12876]; see also Boeseman 1962:215 [ref. 20676]. •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:258 [ref. 7348], Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:106 [ref. 21769], Gomon et al. 1994:819 [ref. 22532], Parin 2003:S27 [ref. 28536]). •Valid as Trichiurus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1844 -- (Nakabo 2000:1345 [ref. 25182], Shimizu 2001:42 [ref. 25799], Shinohara et al. 2001:332 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:1345 [ref. 26193], Shinohara et al. 2005:439 [ref. 28370], Chakraborty et al. 2006:93 [ref. 28721], Shinohara et al. 2011:54 [ref. 31715], Zemnukhov & Epur 2011:510 [ref. 32457], Shinohara et al. 2014:271 [ref. 33330], Parin et al. 2014:510 [ref. 33547], Kim et al. 2020:181 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:112 [ref. 37637], Dyldin et al. 2021:34 [ref. 38804], Yi et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39013]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus japonicus Temminck & Schlegel 1844. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: northern South China Sea (China) and Taiwan north to Korea, Japan and Sakhalin (Russia). Habitat: brackish, marine.

lajor, Trichiurus Bleeker [P.] 1854:248 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 345] Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6030. Type catalog: Boeseman 1962:215 [ref. 20676]. •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382], Gomon et al. 1994:819 [ref. 22532]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lepturus, Trichiurus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:246 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Jamaica and China. Syntypes: NRM 15 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:269-270 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1985:68-69 [ref. 20705]. Based on the 'Lepturus' of Artedi 1738:111 [ref. 30529], the 'Lepturus' of Linnaeus 1754:76, Pl. 26 (fig. 2) [ref. 31115] from central America, the 'Gymnogaster' of Gronow 1754:17 [ref. 20783] from Jamaica, and the 'Gymnogaster argenteus compressus' of Browne 1756:444, Pl. 45 (fig. 4) [ref. 30188] from Jamaica. •Valid as Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:44 [ref. 39336], Hiyama in Kumada 1937:30 [ref. 39147], Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:259 [ref. 7348], Fujii in Uyeno et al. 1983:416 [ref. 14275], Dor 1984:261 [ref. 29757], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Machida in Okamura et al. 1985:541, 704 [ref. 8056], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:980 [ref. 13676], Nakamura 1986:830 [ref. 5696], Inada in Nakamura et al. 1986:276 [ref. 14235], Robins & Ray 1986:258 [ref. 23100], Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382], Cervigón 1992:451 [ref. 23827], Nakamura & Parin 1993:106 [ref. 21769], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:233 [ref. 24016], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:171 [ref. 25472], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:299 [ref. 24014], Cervigón 1994:228 [ref. 24488], Gomon et al. 1994:818 [ref. 22532], Allen & Robertson 1994:275 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:69 [ref. 25356], Nakamura in Fischer et al. 1995:1641 [ref. 22830], Randall 1995:370 [ref. 22896], Andreata & Séret 1996:588 [ref. 16204], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:527 [ref. 27969], Murdy et al. 1997:156 [ref. 23144], Larson & Williams 1997:373 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:223 [ref. 23922], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:299 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:577 [ref. 24023], Aguilera 1998:52 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:117 [ref. 24555], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:14 [ref. 24670], Fricke 1999:559 [ref. 24106], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:461 [ref. 24550], Mishra & Srinivasan 1999:252 [ref. 24754], Mishra et al. 1999:88 [ref. 25315], Johnson 1999:751 [ref. 25471], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:345 [ref. 25191], Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:187 [ref. 25703], Cousseau & Perrotta 2000:134 [ref. 25942], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:104 [ref. 26368], Matsuura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:299 [ref. 27511], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:168 [ref. 27754], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Camargo & Isaac 2001:143 [ref. 27639], Collette in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:508 [ref. 26158], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3715 [ref. 26304], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:139 [ref. 26753], Burhanuddin et al. 2002:218 [ref. 26330], Choi et al. 2003:417, 672 [ref. 26218], López et al. 2002:65 [ref. 26808], Moore et al. 2003:230 [ref. 27076], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1835 [ref. 27115], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:270 [ref. 27214], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S121 [ref. 27377], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:102 [ref. 27192], Matsuura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:209 [ref. 27510], Khan 2003:10 [ref. 27710], Parin 2003:S27 [ref. 28536], Randall et al. 2004:31 [ref. 27624], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:44 [ref. 27712], Nelson et al. 2004:176 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:412 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:59 [ref. 37112], Mundy 2005:503 [ref. 28379], Chakraborty et al. 2006:93 [ref. 28721], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:770 [ref. 28815], Bray et al. 2006:1765 [ref. 29091], Fricke et al. 2007:109 [ref. 29533], Burhanuddin & Parin 2008:825 [ref. 29973], Fricke 2008:56 [ref. 30182], Gomon 2008:781 [ref. 30616], Fricke et al. 2009:111 [ref. 30213], Iwatsuki 2009:310 [ref. 30433], Bovcon et al. 2010:[6] 837 [ref. 41480], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:69 [ref. 36649], Page et al. 2013:181 [ref. 32708], Larson et al. 2013:216 [ref. 32988], Yoshida et al. 2013:202 [ref. 34464], Bogorodsky et al. 2014:430 [ref. 33460], Catelani et al. 2014:933 [ref. 37496], Graciela et al. 2014:9 [ref. 33530], Costa et al. 2015:1061 [ref. 37495], Psomadakis et al. 2015:313 [ref. 34104], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2895 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:459 [ref. 34668], Nión et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35565] with author as (Linnaeus 1758), Marceniuk et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35324], Motomura et al. 2017:210 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:340 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:361 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:169 [ref. 36273], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36103], Artüz & Fricke 2019:560 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:165 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:100 [ref. 36864], González-Murcia et al. 2019:301 [ref. 36544], Eagderi et al. 2019:119 [ref. 37020], Reiner 2019:276 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36717], Bariche & Fricke 2020:97 [ref. 37515], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 18 [ref. 38321], Kawai et al. 2020:52 [ref. 37785], Kovačić et al. 2020:48 [ref. 37519], Psomadakis et al. 2020:569 [ref. 37272], Bañón & Maño 2021:93 [ref. 38887], Caires et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:431 [ref. 38945], Golani 2021:82 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:36 [ref. 39013], Fermon et al. 2022:217 [ref. 39448], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:267 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:18 [ref. 41326], Holleman 2022:269 [ref. 40163], Yi et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39013], Bagley et al. 2023:317 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:246 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:260 [ref. 40816], Vilasri et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40764]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Circumglobal, except in the Eastern Pacific, in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Sea of Marmara, Red Sea, Persian Gulf). IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lex, Lepidopus Phillipps [W. J.] 1932:232 [The New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 16393] New Zealand. No types known. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:976 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769], Gomon et al. 1994:818 [ref. 22532], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2893 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

lusitanicus, Vandellius Shaw [G.] 1803:199 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Portugal. Holotype (unique): BMNH spec. h (stuffed). New name for Trichurus ensiformis Vandelli 1797. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

macrophthalmus, Benthodesmus Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.] 1970:356, Fig. 2 (second from top) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Arafura Sea, 9°01'S, 130°39'[or 59'] E, depth 540 meters. Holotype: ZIN 39125. Paratypes: (10) ZIN 39125a (1). •Valid as Benthodesmus macrophthalmus Parin & Becker 1970 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:75 [ref. 21769], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3716 [ref. 26304], Bray et al. 2006:1763 [ref. 29091], Larson et al. 2013:216 [ref. 32988], Kawai et al. 2020:51 [ref. 37785]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus macrophthalmus Parin & Becker 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Andaman Sea off Thailand, Java (Indonesia), Arafura Sea and northern Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

macrophthalmus, Evoxymetopon Chakraborty [A.], Yoshino [T.] & Iwatsuki [Y.] 2006:137, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Research v. 53 (no. 2); ref. 28694] Off Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan (market purchase). Holotype (unique): URM-P 41556. Specific name treated as a noun by the authors. •Valid as Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus Chakraborty, Yoshino & Iwatsuki 2006 -- (Fricke et al. 2014:294 [ref. 33200], Guarte & Campos 2017:364 [ref. 35040]). Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon macrophthalmus Chakraborty, Yoshino & Iwatsuki 2006. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Western North Pacific: Ryukyu Islands. Habitat: marine.

malabaricus, Trichiurus Day [F.] 1865:20 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865 (pt 1) (art. 1); ref. 17367] Cochin, Malabar coast, India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: BMNH 1867.5.30.2 (1), 1975.9.30.22 (1, dry). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:162 [ref. 23762]. •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382], Holleman 2022:269 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

malacensis, Gasterosteus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] in Machado 1857:24 [Catálogo de los peces que habitán ó frecuentan las costas de Cadiz y Huelva con inclusion de los del Rio Guadalquivir.; ref. 17320] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only; not available. Based on Lepidopus malacensis Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817 [ref. 17319], possibly an unpublished work. Also appeared as Lepidopus malacensis (name only) in Graells 1887:177 [ref. 30438], and Gasterosteus malacensis (name only) in Graells 1887:181 [ref. 30438]. •In the synonymy of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

malacensis, Gasterosteus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] 1817:7 [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Name only, not available. Possibly an unpublished work. See also Gasterosteus malacensis Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler in Machado 1857:24 [ref. 17320]. •In the synonymy of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

malacensis, Lepidopus Cabrera y Corro [A.], Pérez [L.] & Hänseler [F.] 1817:3 [Lista de los peces del mar de Andalucía; ref. 17319] Western Andalusia, near Cádiz, Spain, eastern Atlantic. Possibly an unpublished work. Also appeared in Graells 1887:177 [30438]. See also Gasterosteus malacensis Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler in Machado 1857. •In the synonymy of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae.

manis, Lepidopus Rosenblatt [R. H.] & Wilson [R. R., Jr.] 1987:344, Fig. 5 [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (no. 4); ref. 6711] Webb Cove, Isabela Island, Galápagos Islands (found dead). Holotype (unique): SIO 62-624. •Valid as Lepidopus manis Rosenblatt & Wilson 1987 -- (Parin & Collette 1993:194 [ref. 20649], Nakamura & Parin 1993:98 [ref. 21769], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:578 [ref. 24023], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:194 [ref. 30957], Grove et al. 2022:18 [ref. 41326]). Current status: Valid as Lepidopus manis Rosenblatt & Wilson 1987. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Galapagos Islands (Ecuador) endemic. Habitat: marine.

margarites, Trichiurus Li [C.-S.] 1992:213, Fig. 1B [Marine Sciences v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 19796] Baimajing, Yinggehai, Sanya, Hanin Island, China. Holotype: IOCAS 83-1174. Paratypes: (? total 93) IOASC 55-1447, 83-232, 83-911, 83-912, 83-1059, 83-1070, 83-1070-1, 83-1175, 83-1179. •Valid as Trichiurus margarites Li 1992. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus margarites Li 1992. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: South China Sea. Habitat: marine.

medius, Trichiurus Griffith [E.] & Smith [C. H.] 1834:349, Pl. 6 (fig. 3) (opp. p. 348) [The class Pisces, arranged by the Baron Cuvier; ref. 1908] No locality stated. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.3.19.76. Unnecessary replacement name for Trichiurus intermedius Gray 1831. Genus spelled Trachiurus on Pl. 6. • Treated as a synonym of Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker 1860) although intermedius is the older name -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:85 [ref. 21769], for Trichiurus intermedius Gray 1831). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker 1860). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

microphthalmus, Aphanopus Norman [J. R.] 1939:71, Fig. 25 [Scientific Reports, John Murray Expedition v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 6556] Gulf of Aden, station 34, depth 1022 meters. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1939.5.14.1322. •Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:463 [ref. 7206], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:977 [ref. 13676]). •Valid as Aphanopus microphthalmus Norman 1939 -- (Nakamura 1986:829 [ref. 5696], Nakamura & Parin 1993:67 [ref. 21769], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:170 [ref. 25472], Parin 1994:744 [ref. 22089], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3716 [ref. 26304]). Current status: Valid as Aphanopus microphthalmus Norman 1939. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Habitat: marine.

mikhailini, Aphanopus Parin [N. V.] 1983:356 [2], Fig. 1 [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 5304] Walters Shoals, southwestern Indian Ocean, 35°52'S, 40°15'E [or 33°52'N, 45°15'E], depth 1180 meters. Holotype: ZIN 46158. Paratypes: ZMMU P-14373 (1), IOM uncat. (1, 1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:85 [ref. 25714]. On p. 2 of English translation. •Valid as Aphanopus mikhailini Parin 1983 -- (Nakamura 1986:829 [ref. 5696], Shcherbachev et al. 1989:165 [ref. 36134], Parin 1990:974 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:68 [ref. 21769], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:170 [ref. 25472], Parin 1994:745 [ref. 22089], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Bray et al. 2006:1762 [ref. 29091], Stewart 2015:1618 [ref. 34196], Nión et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35565], Sutton et al. 2020:268 [ref. 37832]). Current status: Valid as Aphanopus mikhailini Parin 1983. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Southern circumglobal, except not eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

minor, Aphanopus Collett [R.] 1887:3 [Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania (for 1886) No. 19; ref. 18021] East coast of Greenland, 65°N, 31°W. Holotype (unique): ZMUO J1797. Specimen ZUMO J1797 labeled holotype is not the type according to Pethon 1969:1, 6 [ref. 19268]. •Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:463 [ref. 7206], Nakamura & Parin 1993:65 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

minor, Trichiurus Li [C.-S.] 1992:213, Fig. 1A [Marine Sciences v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 19796] Baimajing, Sanya, Hainan Island, China. Holotype: IOCAS 83-937. Paratypes: (65 or 66) IOCAS 83-776, 83-778, 83-781, 83-925-1, 83-925, 83-929, 83-934, 83-941, 83-1076. •Synonym of Trichiurus brevis Wang & You 1992 -- (Burhanuddin et al. 2002:213 [ref. 26330]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus brevis Wang & You 1992. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: marine.

moricheni, Evoxymetopon Fricke [R.], Golani [D.] & Appelbaum-Golani [B.] 2014:293, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Research v. 61 (no. 3); ref. 33200] Eilat, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, 1.1 km northeast of Taba, 29°29'48.37"N, 34°54'36.42"E, drifting dead off the shore, depth 5 meters. Holotype (unique): HUJF 20198. •Valid as Evoxymetopon moricheni Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani 2014 -- (DiBattista et al. 2015:20 [ref. 35706], Guarte & Campos 2017:364 [ref. 35040], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[7] 245 [ref. 36492], Golani & Fricke 2018:169 [ref. 36273], Holleman 2022:265 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon moricheni Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani 2014. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Red Sea: Gulf of Aqaba endemic. Habitat: marine.

muticus, Trichiurus Gray [J. E.] 1831:10 [Zoological Miscellany [No. 1]; ref. 21394] India. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1955.5.13.2. •Valid as Trichiurus muticus Gray 1831 -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:259 [ref. 24860], Wang et al. 2001:255 [ref. 26566]). •Valid as Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray 1831) -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:257 [ref. 7348], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Nakamura & Parin 1993:86 [ref. 21769], Randall 1995:370 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:526 [ref. 27969], Carpenter et al. 1997:222 [ref. 23922], Chen et al. 1997:156 [ref. 26476] dated 1830, Cheng & Zhou 1997:347 [ref. 26385], Mishra et al. 1999:88 [ref. 25315], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3719 [ref. 26304], Choi et al. 2003:417, 671 [ref. 26218], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S121 [ref. 27377], Ataur Rahman 2003:283 [ref. 31338], Psomadakis et al. 2015:312 [ref. 34104], Ali et al. 2018:340 [ref. 36183], Eagderi et al. 2019:119 [ref. 37020], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 18 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:568 [ref. 37272], Holleman 2022:264 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray 1831). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Indonesia, north to Korea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

nanhaiensis, Trichiurus Wang [K.-L.] & Xu [C.] in Wang, Liu, You & Xu 1992:70 [Marine Science (Beijing) No. 2; ref. 22014] Sanya, Bamajing and Shanwei, South China Sea, China. Holotype: IOCAS. Paratypes: IOCAS (no numbers). •Valid as Trichiurus nanhaiensis Wang & Xu 1992 -- Yi et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39013]. Current status: Valid as Trichiurus nanhaiensis Wang & Xu 1992. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northern South China Sea, China. Habitat: marine.

neglectus, Benthodesmus Parin [N. V.] 1976:192 [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 104; ref. 8565] Halmahera Sea, north of New Guinea, 0°00'N/S, 135°09'E, depth 500-0 meters. Holotype: ZIN 42637. Paratypes: (4). •Valid as Benthodesmus neglectus Parin 1976 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:76 [ref. 21769], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3717 [ref. 26304]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus neglectus Parin 1976. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. Habitat: marine.

nickolensis, Trichiurus Burhanuddin [A. I.] & Iwatsuki [Y.] 2003:271, Figs. 1, 2A [Ichthyological Research v. 50 (no. 3); ref. 27214] Northeast of Nickole Bay, Western Australia, 19°35'S, 117°12'-117°14'E, depth 77-79 meters. Holotype: NMV A.1886. Paratypes: AMS I.22829-002 (6), I.21830-012 (1); NMV A.13331 (2). •Valid as Trichiurus nickolensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003 -- (Chakraborty et al. 2005:168 [ref. 28231], Bray et al. 2006:1766 [ref. 29091], Larson et al. 2013:216 [ref. 32988]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus nickolensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Australia. Habitat: marine.

nitens, Trichiurus Garman [S.] 1899:69 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 24; ref. 1540] Coast of Peru, 7°N, 79°-80°W, Albatross station 3354 and 3389, depth 210-322 fathoms. Syntypes: MCZ 28746 (1), 28747 (3); USNM. •Questionably a synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:462 [ref. 7206]). •Synonym of Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus 1758 -- (Parin 1990:977 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:106 [ref. 21769], Allen & Robertson 1994:275 [ref. 22193], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:117 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:461 [ref. 24550]). •Valid as Trichiurus nitens Garman 1899 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:267 [ref. 9277], Bussing & López S. 1994:138 [ref. 23101], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:578 [ref. 24023], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:126 [ref. 25206], Nelson et al. 2004:176 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:166 [ref. 37547], Burhanuddin & Parin 2008:825 [ref. 29973], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:194 [ref. 30957], Page et al. 2013:181 [ref. 32708], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:237 [ref. 36362], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:611 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:312 [ref. 35888], Robertson et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35676], Love et al. 2021:210 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus nitens Garman 1899. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Habitat: marine.

novaeguineensis, Demissolinea Burhanuddin [A. I.] & Iwatsuki [Y.] 2003:25, Figs. 1A, 2, 3A, 4A, 5A [Ichthyological Research v. 50 (no. 1); ref. 26771] Off Dolak Island, New Guinea, 7°30'S, 137°40'E. Holotype: RMNH 24619. Paratypes: RMNH 34131 (1). •Valid as Demissolinea novaeguineensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003. Current status: Valid as Demissolinea novaeguineensis Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Dolak Island, southwestern New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

oligoradiatus, Benthodesmus Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.] 1970:355, Fig. 2 (top) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Arabian Sea [northeast of Socotra (Yemen)] 13°35'N, 54°31'E, depth 0-1000 meters. Holotype: ZIN 39124. Paratypes: (3). •Valid as Benthodesmus oligoradiatus Parin & Becker 1970 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:77 [ref. 21769], Adam et al. 1998:14 [ref. 23610], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S121 [ref. 27377], Holleman 2022:263 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus oligoradiatus Parin & Becker 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Socotra (Yemen), Maldives, India and Sri Lanka. Habitat: marine.

pacificus, Benthodesmus elongatus Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.] 1970:362 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Northwestern Pacific, off northern Honshu, Japan, 38°35'N, 142°53'E, surface. Holotype: ZIN 39127. Paratypes: (4). •Synonym of Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke 1879), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Nakamura in Okamura et al. 1982:267, 390 [ref. 8256], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:227 [ref. 6441], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:978 [ref. 13676], McAllister 1990:178 [ref. 14674]). •Valid as Benthodesmus pacificus Parin & Becker 1970 -- (Parin & Becker 1973:463 [ref. 7206], Nakamura & Parin 1993:78 [ref. 21769], Nelson et al. 2004:175 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:166 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:502 [ref. 28379], Page et al. 2013:181 [ref. 32708], Pietsch & Orr 2015:67 [ref. 34694], Burton & Lea 2019:92 [ref. 37205], Love et al. 2021:210 [ref. 39279], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus pacificus Parin & Becker 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: North Pacific: Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Ryukyu Islands (Japan); British Columbia (Canada) south to central California (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

pantului, Trichiurus Gupta [M. V.] 1966:170 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society, Calcutta v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 20817] Frasergunj, 24-Parganas District, western Bengal, India. Holotype: ZSI F4812/8. Paratypes: CIFRI (54). •Valid as Lepturacanthus pantului (Gupta 1966) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:992 [ref. 20764], Nakamura & Parin 1993:99 [ref. 21769], Khan 2003:10 [ref. 27710], Chakraborty et al. 2004:45 [ref. 28499], Holleman 2022:267 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Lepturacanthus pantului (Gupta 1966). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: east coast of India. Habitat: brackish, marine.

papua, Benthodesmus Parin [N. V.] 1978:164, Fig. [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 111; ref. 8898] Coral Sea, 12°02'S, 148°57'E. Holotype: ZIN 43779. •Valid as Benthodesmus papua Parin 1978 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:79 [ref. 21769], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3717 [ref. 26304]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus papua Parin 1978. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

peronii, Lepidopus Risso [A.] 1810:148, Pl. 5 (fig. 18) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Syntypes: ?MNHN 0000-6489 (1). •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

poeyi, Euoxymetopon Günther [A.] 1887:39, Pl. 43 [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 22 (pt 57); ref. 2013] Port Louis, Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 70 fathoms. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1886.7.3.6 (dry). Correct spelling of the original genus is Evoxymetopon. •Valid as Evoxymetopon poeyi Günther 1887 -- (Nakamura in Okamura et al. 1982:267, 391 [ref. 8256], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Nakamura & Parin 1993:88 [ref. 21769], Fricke 1999:559 [ref. 24106], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1343 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1343 [ref. 26193], Shinohara et al. 2005:439 [ref. 28370], Chakraborty et al. 2006:137 [ref. 28694], Fricke et al. 2009:111 [ref. 30213], Fricke et al. 2014:294 [ref. 33200], Guarte & Campos 2017:365 [ref. 35040], Koeda & Ho 2017:97 [ref. 36670], Fabres 2020:162 [ref. 38253], Holleman 2022:265 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon poeyi Günther 1887. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius); Taiwan east to Kyushu-Palau Ridge and Rapa Nui/Easter Island (Chile), north to southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

punctata, Scarcina Rafinesque [C. S.] (ex Cupani) 1810:20 [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. No types known. Based on the "Serpens marinus tenie species" of Cupani 1713:Pl. 77 [= Pl. 692] [ref. 37141]. Also appeared in Rafinesque 1810:38 [ref. 3595]. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parenti 2019:116 [ref. 37117]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

roelandti, Trichiurus Bleeker [P.] 1860:35 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 8 (art. 4); ref. 377] Sungiduri in Bangkayang, western Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6032 (poor condition, in 2 parts). Type catalog: Boeseman 1962:215 [ref. 20676]. •Synonym of Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier 1829) -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:100 [ref. 21769]). •Valid as Lepturacanthus roelandti (Bleeker 1860) -- (Chakraborty et al. 2006:42 [ref. 28499]). Current status: Valid as Lepturacanthus roelandti (Bleeker 1860). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

russelli, Trichiurus Dutt [S.] & Thankam [V.] 1967:755, Fig. a [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 63 (no. 3, art. 8) (for 1966); ref. 7887] Vishakhapatnam, India. Neotype: FAKU S.100857. Holotype and 29 paratypes apparently lost; neotype designated by Burhanuddin et al. 2002:217 [ref. 26330]. •Valid as Trichiurus russelli Dutt & Thankam 1966 -- (Burhanuddin et al. 2002:217 [ref. 26330], Burhanuddin & Iwatsuki 2003:270 [ref. 27214], Chakraborty et al. 2005:168 [ref. 28231]). Current status: Valid as Trichiurus russelli Dutt & Thankam 1967. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: India and Gulf of Thailand. Habitat: marine.

savala, Trichiurus Cuvier [G.] 1829:219 [Le Règne Animal (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Puducherry, India. Non-types or syntypes: MNHN A-5357 (1) Mumbai, A-5358 (2) Malabar, 1987-1205 (1) Malabar. Also in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:251, Pl. 224 [ref. 1000]. •Valid as Trichiurus savala Cuvier 1829 -- (Ataur Rahman 1989:259 [ref. 24860]). •Valid as Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier 1829) -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:100 [ref. 21769], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:526 [ref. 27969], Chen et al. 1997:157 [ref. 26476], Larson & Williams 1997:373 [ref. 23967], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1344 [ref. 25182], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3719 [ref. 26304], Nakabo 2002:1344 [ref. 26193], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S121 [ref. 27377], Khan 2003:10 [ref. 27710], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:44 [ref. 27712], Ataur Rahman 2003:283 [ref. 31338], Ataur Rahman 2003:283 [ref. 31338], Shinohara et al. 2005:439 [ref. 28370], Chakraborty et al. 2006:45 [ref. 28499], Bray et al. 2006:1764 [ref. 29091], Larson et al. 2013:216 [ref. 32988], Iwatsuki in Kimura et al. 2015:86 [ref. 34319], Psomadakis et al. 2015:312 [ref. 34104], Iwatsuki in Kimura et al. 2018:274 [ref. 36460], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 18 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:568 [ref. 37272], Taki et al. 2021:400 [ref. 39830], Holleman 2022:267 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Lepturacanthus savala (Cuvier 1829). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Vietnam and China, south to northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

schmidti, Aphanopus Saemundsson [B.] 1908:22, Pl. 1 [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1907; ref. 14356] Iceland. Holotype: NHMR. Paratypes: BMNH 1925.7.23.4 (1). •Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839 -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:463 [ref. 7206], Nakamura & Parin 1993:65 [ref. 21769], Møller et al. 2010:68 [ref. 31169]). Current status: Synonym of Aphanopus carbo Lowe 1839. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Habitat: marine.

serpentinus, Ammodytes Nardo [G. D.] (ex Chiereghini) 1847:col. 115 [Sinonimia moderna delle specie registrate nell' opera intitolata: ...; ref. 17994] Not available, Chiereghini name mentioned in synonymy. Nomen Nudum. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae.

serratus, Lepturacanthus Dutt [S.] & Thankam [V.] 1967:756, Fig. b [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 63 (no. 3, art. 8) (for 1966); ref. 7887] Waltair, Andhra Pradesh, India. Holotype: MDZAU. Paratypes: (163). •Synonym of Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta 1966 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:105 [ref. 21769], Holleman 2022:269 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Synonym of Trichiurus gangeticus Gupta 1966. Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

simonyi, Aphanopus Steindachner [F.] 1891:173 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 28 (18); ref. 12571] St. Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands. Holotype (unique): NMW. Species described in more detail in Steindachner 1891:356 [ref. 4236]. •Synonym of Benthodesmus elongatus (Clarke 1879), but a valid subspecies -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:463 [ref. 7206], Parin in Whitehead et al. 1986:978 [ref. 13676], Scott & Scott 1988:447 [ref. 25518], Matarese et al. 1989:553 [ref. 26885], McAllister 1990:178 [ref. 14674]). •Valid as Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner 1891) -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:80 [ref. 21769], Santos et al. 1997:106 [ref. 23531], Uiblein et al. 1999:66 [ref. 24045], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:328 [ref. 25013], Moore et al. 2003:230 [ref. 27076], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1831 [ref. 27115], Roa-Varón et al. 2003:20 [ref. 27814], Nelson et al. 2004:175 [ref. 27807], Page et al. 2013:181 [ref. 32708], Bañón et al. 2016:324 [ref. 34397], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2891 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35565], Martins & Carneiro 2018:56 [ref. 36550], Carneiro et al. 2019:165 [ref. 37250], Bañón & Maño 2021:93 [ref. 38887], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus simonyi (Steindachner 1891). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: North Atlantic; ?Uruguay [ref. 35565]. Habitat: marine.

sinensis, Pseudoxymetopon Chu [Y.-T.] & Wu [H.-L.] 1962:219, Figs. 1-2 [Acta Zoologica Sinica v. 14 (no. 2); ref. 834] Off Dai-Chen Island, Chekiang Province, China. Holotype: Shanghai Fish. College 59-1040. Paratypes: Shanghai Fish. College 59-1039 (1), 59-1895 (1). •Synonym of Tentoriceps cristatus (Klunzinger 1884) -- (Nakamura 1986:830 [ref. 5696], Nakamura & Parin 1993:102 [ref. 21769], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3714 [ref. 26304]). Current status: Synonym of Tentoriceps cristatus (Klunzinger 1884). Trichiuridae: Trichiurinae. Habitat: marine.

suluensis, Benthodesmus Parin [N. V.] 1976:191 [Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P. Shirshova v. 104; ref. 8565] Sulu Sea, western tropical Pacific, 8°37'N, 119°46'E, depth estimated at 200 meters, 660 meters wire out. Holotype: ZIN 42638. Paratypes: (8) not at ZIN. •Valid as Benthodesmus suluensis Parin 1976 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:81 [ref. 21769], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3717 [ref. 26304]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus suluensis Parin 1976. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Western Pacific. Habitat: marine.

taeniatus, Evoxymetopon Gill [T. N.] (ex Poey) 1863:228 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1686] Cuba. Holotype (unique): USNM 5735 (poor condition). •Valid as Evoxymetopon taeniatus Gill 1863 -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:255 [ref. 7348], Nakamura in Okamura et al. 1982:267, 391 [ref. 8256], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:228 [ref. 6441], Boschung 1992:167 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:451 [ref. 23827], Nakamura & Parin 1993:89 [ref. 21769], Cervigón 1994:227 [ref. 24488], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:328 [ref. 25013], Nakabo 2000:1343 [ref. 25182] with author as Poey, Nakabo 2002:1343 [ref. 26193] with author as Poey, Choi et al. 2003:417, 671 [ref. 26218], Moore et al. 2003:230 [ref. 27076], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1833 [ref. 27115], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:102 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:175 [ref. 27807] with author as Poey, Shinohara et al. 2005:439 [ref. 28370], Chakraborty et al. 2006:137 [ref. 28694], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:768 [ref. 28815], Palacio-Barros 2011:214 [ref. 39957], Page et al. 2013:181 [ref. 32708], Shinohara et al. 2014:272 [ref. 33330], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:83 [ref. 33341], Fricke et al. 2014:294 [ref. 33200], Nión et al. 2016:53 [ref. 35565] with author as Poey, Guarte & Campos 2017:362 [ref. 35040], Koeda & Ho 2017:100 [ref. 36670], Kim et al. 2020:181 [ref. 39118], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). •Valid as Evoxymetopon taeniatum Gill 1863 -- (Kurihara et al. 2022:32 [ref. 39591]). Current status: Valid as Evoxymetopon taeniatum Gill 1863. Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Distribution: Atlantic: including Caribbean Sea; northwestern Pacific. Habitat: marine.

tenuis, Lepidopus Günther [A.] 1877:437 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] Off Inoshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan, Inland Sea, Challenger station 232, depth 345 fathoms. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.5.14.297. Also appeared in Günther 1887: 37, Pl. 7 (fig. B). May represent a group of closely related species -- (Parin & Nakamura 2003:1832 [ref. 27115]). •Valid as Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther 1877) -- (Lindberg & Krasyukova 1975:253 [ref. 7348], Fujii in Uyeno et al. 1983:415 [ref. 14275], Machida in Okamura et al. 1985:541, 704 [ref. 8056], Peden & Hughes 1986:4 [ref. 9714], Scott & Scott 1988:447 [ref. 25518], Paulin et al. 1989:229 [ref. 24556], McAllister 1990:178 [ref. 14674], Parin 1990:974 [ref. 19382], Boschung 1992:167 [ref. 23239], Nakamura & Parin 1993:82 [ref. 21769], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:171 [ref. 25472], Nakamura in Masuda et al. 1984:227 [ref. 6441], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:xiii [ref. 21953], Shinohara et al. 1996:184 [ref. 26605], Adam et al. 1998:14 [ref. 23610], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1342 [ref. 25182], Claro et al. 2000:23 [ref. 26458], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3718 [ref. 26304], Shinohara et al. 2001:332 [ref. 25995], Nakabo 2002:1342 [ref. 26193], Moore et al. 2003:230 [ref. 27076], Parin & Nakamura 2003:1832 [ref. 27115], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:102 [ref. 27192], Parin 2003:S26 [ref. 28536], Shinohara et al. 2005:439 [ref. 28370], Mundy 2005:503 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:767 [ref. 28815], Shao et al. 2008:263 [ref. 29952], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:194 [ref. 30957], Shinohara et al. 2014:272 [ref. 33330], Parin et al. 2014:509 [ref. 33547], Stewart 2015:1620 [ref. 34196], Parin & Nakamura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2892 [ref. 34618], Carneiro et al. 2019:165 [ref. 37250], Fricke et al. 2019:310 [ref. 36673], Reiner 2019:275 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:216 [ref. 39448], Grove et al. 2022:18 [ref. 41326], Holleman 2022:263 [ref. 40163], Carvalho-Filho 2023:247 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:113 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus tenuis (Günther 1877). Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea). Habitat: marine.

tetradens, Ziphotheca Montagu [G.] 1811:82, Pls. 2-3 [Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society, Edinburgh v. 1 [1809]; ref. 3038] Britain. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1955.6.2.1. •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Parin & Bekker 1973:464 [ref. 7206], Parin 1990:975 [ref. 19382], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.

tuckeri, Benthodesmus Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.] 1970:359, Fig. 2 (second from bottom) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Near the Philippines, Albatross station 5444, 13°45'N, 120°46'E, depth 544 meters. Holotype: USNM 98822. Paratypes: USNM 98822 (1), 98824 (1); ZIN 39126 (1). •Valid as Benthodesmus tuckeri Parin & Becker 1970 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:83 [ref. 21769], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:xiii [ref. 21953], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3718 [ref. 26304], Bray et al. 2006:1763 [ref. 29091], Stewart 2015:1621 [ref. 34196], Fricke et al. 2018:361 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus tuckeri Parin & Becker 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: South and East Africa and Madagascar east to New Guinea, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.

vityazi, Benthodesmus Parin [N. V.] & Becker [V. E.] 1970:360, Fig. 2 (bottom) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 83 (no. 33); ref. 7772] Equatorial central Pacific, 0°04'N, 154°05'W, depth 0-440 meters. Holotype: ZIN 39123. Paratypes: (1) not at ZIN. •Valid as Benthodesmus vityazi Parin & Becker 1970 -- (Nakamura & Parin 1993:84 [ref. 21769], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:643 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:45 [ref. 25847], Nakamura & Parin 2001:3718 [ref. 26304], Bray et al. 2006:1763 [ref. 29091], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:267 [ref. 41223], Holleman 2022:263 [ref. 40163]). Current status: Valid as Benthodesmus vityazi Parin & Becker 1970. Trichiuridae: Aphanopodinae. Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Socotra (Yemen) east to eastern central Pacific. Habitat: marine.

xantusi, Lepidopus Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.] 1896:519, Pl. 58 (fig. 213) [Special Bulletin U. S. National Museum No. 2; ref. 1848] Cape San Lucas, Baja California. Holotype: USNM 10115. Based on specimen from Cape San Lucas identified as Lepidopus caudatus on p. 203 and figured in Pl. 58 (fig. 213). •Valid as Lepidopus xantusi Goode & Bean 1896 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:266 [ref. 9277]). •Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788) -- (Rosenblatt & Wilson 1987:343 [ref. 6711], Nakamura & Parin 1993:94 [ref. 21769], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:117 [ref. 24555]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidopus caudatus (Euphrasen 1788). Trichiuridae: Lepidopodinae. Habitat: marine.