Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Trichomycteridae: [ 489 ] records

adautoleitei, Trichomycterus (Paracambeva) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Azevedo-Santos, Mattos & Katz 2023:24, Figs. 5E, 6G, 7E, 13 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 4): 206; ref. 40170] Stream tributary of Rio Itaci, a tributary of Rio Sapucaí, Rio Grande drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin, Carmo do Rio Clara municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°54'58"S, 45°56'21"W, elevation about 840 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13406. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus adautoleitei Costa, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2023 Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus adautoleitei Costa, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Sapucaí subdrainage, middle Rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

agreste, Ituglanis Lima [S. M. Q.], Neves [C. P.] & Campos-Paiva [R. M.] 2013:514, Figs. 1-9 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 32912] Bahia, munucapality of Boa Nova, rio de Contas basin, rio Gongogi drainage, rio Tarugo, tributary of rio Uruba, 14°22'08.95"S 40°11'45.33"W, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 49196. Paratypes: MNRJ 40197 (5), MZUSP 102535 (6), UFRN 29 (6), UFBA 7134 (5). •Valid as Ituglanis agreste Lima, Neves & Campos-Paiva 2013 -- (Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis agreste Lima, Neves & Campos-Paiva 2013. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Mata Atlântica, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

aguarague, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Osinaga [K.] 2006:386, Figs. 1, 2b, 3b [Environmental Biology of Fishes v. 75; ref. 28738] Provice Gran Chaco, National Park Aguarague, Quebrada Timboycito, a Río Caiguami tributary, Tarija, Bolivia, 21°30'S, 63°60'W, elevation 700-800 meters. Holotype: MNKP 4012. Paratypes: MNKP 4002 (6), 4004 (6, 1 c&s), 4006 (4). Name is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Trichomycterus aguarague Fernández & Osinaga 2006 -- (Ferraris 2007:441 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:367 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus aguarague Fernández & Osinaga 2006. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Aguarague National Park, Paraná River system, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

ahriman, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:11, Figs. 5-7 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Río Autana at Playa Cucurito in front of caño Cucurito, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela, approximately 05°14'N, 66°10'W. Holotype: FMNH 105525. Paratypes: FMNH 147290 (10), MZUSP 126890 (3). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paracanthopoma ahriman de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma ahriman de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: upper Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

albinotatus, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1992:102, Figs. 1-2 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) [for 1991]; ref. 19725] Visconde de Maua, 1 kilometer west of Maromba, Rio Preto, Rio Paraiba basin, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, elevation above 1,100 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 42312. Paratypes: MNRJ 547 (8), 583 (2, c&s), 593 (4), 594 (1); MZUSP 42315 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus albinotatus Costa 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:624 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:167 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:120 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Costa 2012:81 [ref. 31901], Vilardo et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37847], Costa et al. 2023:164 [ref. 40075], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus albinotatus Costa 1992. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper course of the Rio Preto, Ribeirão Santa Clara and Córrego das Cruzes drainages, Paraíba do Sul River basin (Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

alleni, Apomatoceros Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:113, Pls. 3 (figs. 1-4), 4 (fig. 9) [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 22; ref. 1242] Río Morona, upper Amazon River system, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 56174 [ex IU 15500]. Type Catalog: Ferraris 2007:403 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Apomatoceros alleni Eigenmann 1922 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:403 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento 2015:941 [ref. 34078], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Apomatoceros alleni Eigenmann 1922. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River system (Peru and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

alleynei, Paravandellia Henschel [E.], Bernt [M. J.], Baskin [J. N.], Schmidt [R. E.] & Lujan [N. K.] 2021:Figs. 7-10 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 38806] Confluence of Mazaruni and Cuyuni Rivers at Kartabo Point, Essequibo River basin, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Guyana, 6°22'56"N, 58°41'36"W. Holotype: AMNH 72898. Paratype: AMNH 72899 (1, now 72899S = Paracanthopoma parva). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paracanthopoma alleynei (Henschel, Bernt, Baskin, Schmidt & Lujan 2021) -- (de Pinna & Dagosta 2022:16 [ref. 39792]). •Valid as Paravandellia alleynei Henschel, Bernt, Baskin, Schmidt & Lujan 2021 -- (Henschel et al. 2024:31 [ref. 41248], Taphorn et al. 2022:57 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Paravandellia alleynei Henschel, Bernt, Baskin, Schmidt & Lujan 2021. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Branco River basins (Brazil and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

alphabelardense, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2022:142, Figs. 1, 2A-C [European Journal of Taxonomy v. 794; ref. 39052] Stream tributary to middle Rio Chapecó, Rio Uruguai basin, Abelardo Luz Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°32'19"S, 52°25'17"W, elevation 850 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6990. Paratypes: (21) CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva alphabelardense Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2022. Current status: Valid as Cambeva alphabelardense Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: middle Rio Chapecó drainage, Rio Uruguai basin, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

alternatum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:700 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Rio Doce, near the village Rio Doce, Minas Gerais, Brazil [20°14'41"S, 42°53'45"W]. Holotype: FMNH 58082 [ex CM 7079]. Paratypes: CAS 64575 (4), FMNH 58083 (62). Type catalog: Henn 1928:79 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus alternatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860] as alternatum, Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Garavello 2004:5 [ref. 27649], Triques & Vono 2004:170 [ref. 27798], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Alencar & Costa 2004:3 [ref. 27991], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:120 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Costa 2012:156 [ref. 32045], Barbosa 2013:274 [ref. 33106], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471], Reis & de Pinna 2019:104 [ref. 36632], Donin et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37395], Reis & de Pinna 2022:14 [ref. 39360], Costa et al. 2022:513 [ref. 39820], Costa et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40511], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus alternatus (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Atlantic coastal river basins from Rio Doce to Rio Paranaguá, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

alternus, Ochmacanthus Myers [G. S.] 1927:129 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Venezuela. Lectotype: CAS 13522 [ex IU 17697]. Paralectotypes: ANSP 139127 [ex CAS 13523] (2), CAS 13523 [ex IU 17697] (10), MCZ 31578 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:162 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype designation not found, not designated here. •Valid as Ochmacanthus alternus Myers 1927 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], Le Bail et al. 2000:168 [ref. 24549] as cf. alternus, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2015:947 [ref. 34078], Neto & de Pinna 2016:[8] [ref. 34386], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:78 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:457 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Ochmacanthus alternus Myers 1927. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Negro and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

alterum, Pygidium Marini [T. L.], Nichols [J. T.] & LaMonte [F. R.] 1933:2, Fig. 2 [American Museum Novitates No. 618; ref. 2889] La Rioja, Río de Los Sauces, Argentina. Holotype: AMNH 12241. Paratypes: AMNH 12242 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus alterum (Marini, Nichols & LaMonte 1933) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984:515 [ref. 8254], Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195]). •Valid as Trichomycterus alterus (Marini, Nichols & LaMonte 1933) -- (Fernández 2000:352 [ref. 25077], Fernández & Vari 2002:743 [ref. 26231], López et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26808], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Fernández & Osinaga 2006:387 [ref. 28738], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Fernández & Vari 2009:198 [ref. 30062], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Fernández et al. 2015:9 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:366 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus alterus (Marini, Nichols & LaMonte 1933). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

altipombensis, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.], Vilardo [P. J.] & Mattos [J. L. O.] in Costa, Mattos, Vilardo, Amorim & Katz 2022:509, Figs. 2F, 4F, 18-19 [Taxonomy v. 2; ref. 39820] Upper Rio Pomba, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, Santa Bárbara do Tigúrio Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 21°14'06"S, 43°30'51"W, elevation about 600 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13211. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus altipombensis Costa, Katz, Vilardo & Mattos 2022 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus altipombensis Costa, Katz, Vilardo & Mattos 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Pomba drainage, Paraíba do Sul River basin (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

amapaensis, Ammoglanis Mattos [J. L. O.], Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Gama [C. S.] 2008:162, Figs. 1-5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 29875] Rio Mapaoni, rio Jari basin, Município Serra do Navio, Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, 2°11'39"N, 54°35'16"E, Estado do Amapá, Brazil. Holotype: IEPA 2497. Paratypes: at IEPA and UFRJ. •Valid as Ammoglanis amapaensis Mattos, Costa & Gama 2008 -- (Mattos & Lima 2010:233 [ref. 31040], Costa et al. 2019:66 [ref. 37125], Henschel et al. 2020:71 [ref. 37312], Henschel et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37837]). Current status: Valid as Ammoglanis amapaensis Mattos, Costa & Gama 2008. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Amapari, Araguari and Jari River basins, Amapá, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

amazonicus, Trichomycterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:178 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Cudajas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW 43306. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:29, Pl. 6 (figs. 4-4a) [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Trichomycterus amazonicum Steindachner 1882 -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Britski et al. 1999:92 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Ituglanis amazonicus (Steindachner 1882) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:43 [ref. 21010], Chang & Ortega 1995:4 [ref. 24302], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Le Bail et al. 2000:166 [ref. 24549], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:277 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Datovo & Landim 2005:461 [ref. 28558], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Campos-Paiva & Costa 2007:58 [ref. 29139], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], Wosiacki et al. 2012:551 [ref. 32291], Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], Rizzato & Bichuette 2015:598 [ref. 33676], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:215 [ref. 35201], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[15] [ref. 35679], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:45 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40759] as cf. amazonicus). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis amazonicus (Steindachner 1882). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and rivers of French Guiana (Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, French Guiana, Peru and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

amphioxus, Pygidianops de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Kirovsky [A. L.] 2011:494, Figs. 1-9, 12 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 31517] Manaus, Reserva Adolfo Ducke, igarapé do Acará, tributary to rio Tarumã, itself a tributary of rio Negro, 3°08'S, 60°02'W, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 34661. Paratypes: INPA 12427 (4), 16556 (2); MZUSP 86951 (14), 87676 (21), 105878 (6), 105879 (3), 105880 (6). Plus non-type specimens •Valid as Pygidianops amphioxus de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011 -- (Carvalho et al. 2014:59 [ref. 33121]). Current status: Valid as Pygidianops amphioxus de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Rio Negro to Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

amphipotamus, Ituglanis Mendonça [M. B.], Oyakawa [O. T.] & Wosiacki [W. B.] 2018:474, Figs. 1, 2A, 3A, 4A [Zootaxa 4504 (no. 4); ref. 36234] Rio Ipiranga, tributary of Rio Juquiá, Fazenda Brasban, municipality Sete Barras, Rio Ribeira de Iguape drainage, São Paulo State, Brazil, 24°12'19"S, 47°53'51"W. Holotype: MZUSP 69393. Paratypes: MCP, MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Ituglanis amphipotamus Mendonça, Oyakawa & Wosiacki 2018. Current status: Valid as Ituglanis amphipotamus Mendonça, Oyakawa & Wosiacki 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Ribeira de Iguape and upper Tietê drainages, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

anaisae, Trichomycterus Katz [A. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa & Katz 2021:6, Figs. 2A, 2K, 3A-B, 4A, 4K [Systematics and Biodiversity v. 19 (no. 6); ref. 38252] Córrego do Gregório, a tributary to Córrego da Mutuca, affluent of Ribeirão dos Cristais, Rio das Velhas drainage, Rio São Francisco basin, Município de Nova Lima, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, 20°00'38"S, 43°56'33"W, elevation 1,050 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12678. Paratypes: CICCAA, MZUSP, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus anaisae Katz & Costa 2021 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus anaisae Katz & Costa 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Correga da Mutuca drainage, Rio das Velhas drainage, Rio São Francisco basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

anguilla, Glanapteryx Myers [G. S.] 1927:129 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Rapids of São Gabriel, Rio Negro system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 56048 [ex IU 17700]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Glanapteryx anguilla Myers 1927 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], Nico & de Pinna 1996:27 [ref. 22300], Pinna 1998:35 [ref. 23575], de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002:721 [ref. 26545], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Proudlove 2006:269 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:493 [ref. 31517]). Current status: Valid as Glanapteryx anguilla Myers 1927. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Negro and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

angustirostris, Pygidium Devincenzi [G. J.] in Devincenzi & Teague 1942:30, Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo (Serie 2) v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 12268] La Cañeda de las Piedras, lower Río Uruguay, Uruguay. Holotype: MHNM CI (lost). Paratypes: BMNH 1944.6.20.1 (1), MNRJ 3605 (2), MHNM (3, lost). Type catalog: Olazarri et al. 1970:4 [ref. 23527], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. •Valid as Trichomycterus angustirostris (Devincenzi 1942) -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565]). •Valid as Scleronema angustirostris (Devincenzi 1942) -- (Casciotta & Almirón 1996:52 [ref. 25534], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Scleronema angustirostre (Devincenzi 1942) -- (Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622]). •Synonym of Scleronema minutum (Boulenger 1891) -- (Ferrer & Malabarba 2020:40 [ref. 37587]). Current status: Synonym of Scleronema minutum (Boulenger 1891). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

anhanga, Trichomycterus Dutra [G. M.], Wosiacki [W. B.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2012:226, Figs. 1, 2a, 3-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 32029] Tributary of Aripuaña, rio Madeira drainage, 5°07'14.0"S, 60°22'46.9"W, Novo Aripuanã, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 25125. Paratypes: INPA 31402 (1), 36117 (3); MPEG 6973 (1), 14356 (1 c&s); MZUSP 108822 (2 + 1 c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus anhanga Dutra, Wosiacki & de Pinna 2012 -- (Henschel 2016:118 [ref. 34775]). •Valid as Potamoglanis anhanga (Dutra, Wosiacki & de Pinna 2012) -- (Henschel et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35657]). Current status: Valid as Potamoglanis anhanga (Dutra, Wosiacki & de Pinna 2012). Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

anisitsi, Homodiaetus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Ward [D. P.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:119, Pl. 34 (figs. 2-3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Villa Rica (= Villarrica), Río Paraguay, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 37276 [ex IU 10155]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Homodiaetus anisitsi Eigenmann & Ward 1907 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], Koch 2002:38 [ref. 26425], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:134 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], Koerber 2011:4 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], DoNascimiento 2015:944 [ref. 34078], Fernández et al. 2015:12, 25 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35267], Ferrer 2021:220 [ref. 38890], Giora & Wingert 2023:84 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:90 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Homodiaetus anisitsi Eigenmann & Ward 1907. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná-Paraguay River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

annectens, Acanthopoma Lütken [C. F.] 1892:53, Figs. (p. 56) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1891; ref. 2857] Río Huallaga, upper Amazon River system, Peru. Holotype: MTD F 5245. Type catalog: Zarske 2003:23 [ref. 27474], Ferraris 2007:403 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Acanthopoma annectens Lütken 1892 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:272 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:403 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745] as Aconthopoma cf. annectens, Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2015:939 [ref. 34078], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Acanthopoma annectens Lütken 1892. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

antiquus, Trichomycterus (Paracambeva) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.] & Katz [A. M.] 2024:758, Figs. 1, 2A, 3 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 2); ref. 41213] Rio Santa Bárbara, Rio do Peixe drainage, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, São Francisco Xavier, Serra dos Poncianos, part of the Serra da Mantiqueira, Município de São José dos Campos, São Paulo State, Brazil, 22°51'47"S, 45°54'60"W, elevation about 980 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13674. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus antiquus Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus antiquus Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio do Peixe drainage, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

apteryx, Ituglanis Datovo [A.] 2014:467, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 3790 (no. 3); ref. 33282] Pará State, Altamira Municipality; Rio Amazonas drainage, Rio Xingu basin, Rio Iriri sub-basin, Rio Curuá,, cofferdam formed during the building of the Buriti Hydroelectric Dam (PCH), 8°46'09"S, 54°57'02"W, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 115048. Paratypes: MZUSP 96876 (7). •Valid as Ituglanis apteryx Datovo 2014 -- (Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis apteryx Datovo 2014. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Curuá River, Rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

araxa, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.], Sampaio [W. M. S.], Giongo [P.], Almeida [F. B. de] & Katz [A. M.] 2022:156, Figs. 4-7, 8A-C [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 39290] Stream tributary to Rio Capivara, Rio Quebra Anzol subdrainage, Rio Araguari drainage, Rio Paranaíba basin, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural São Sebastião, Araxá Municipality, Brazil, 19°40'26"S, 47°02'24"W, elevation ca. 970 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 7029. Paratypes: CICCAA, MZUSP, UFRJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Trichomycterus araxa Costa, Mattos, Sampaio, Giongo, Almeida & Katz 2022 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus araxa Costa, Mattos, Sampaio, Giongo, Almeida & Katz 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Quebra Anzol drainage, Rio Paranaíba basin, upper Paraná River basin (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ardilai, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:7, Figs. 1-2, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 90; ref. 40647] Quebrada La Paramera, afluente del Río Chucurí, cuenca del Río Magdalena, municipio de San Vicente de Chucurí, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 692 meters. Holotype: CAR 1000. Paratypes: CAR 993 (8). •Valid as Trichomycterus ardilai Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus ardilai Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Chucurí drainage, Magdalena basin, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

areolatus, Trichomycterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:492 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Río San Jago, Santiago, Chile. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3167 (3), A-6310 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:63 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (Pequeño 1989:41 [ref. 14125], Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Ruiz & Berra 1994:14 [ref. 21384], Arratia 1998:354 [ref. 23661], de Pinna 1998:297 [ref. 23847], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678] dated 1840, Fernandez 2000:352 [ref. 25077], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Fernández & Vari 2002:742 [ref. 26231], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Fernández & Vari 2012:635 [ref. 32359], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582], Mesa S. et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35987], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" areolatus). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Maipo River basin to Toltén River basin, western slopes (central Chile and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

argos, Trichomycterus Lezama [A. Q.], Triques [M. L.] & Santos [P. S.] 2012:62, Figs. 2, 3a [Zootaxa No. 3352; ref. 32020] Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Córrego Nova, headwaters of the Rio Casca, right bank tributary of Rio Doce at the limits of Rio Doce and Rio Paraíba do Sul basins, 20°43'19"S, 42°28'43"W, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: AZUFMG 103. Paratypes: DZUFMG 058 (1), 059 (14), 067 (1, c&s); MZUSP 106274 (3). •Valid as Trichomycterus argos Lezama, Triques & Santos 2012 -- (García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Reis & de Pinna 2022:29 [ref. 39360], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus argos Lezama, Triques & Santos 2012. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Casca drainage, Doce River basin, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

arhuaco, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2016:9, Figs. 4, 5C, 6A, 7 [No. 2; ref. 35108] Río Guatapuri, Chemesquemena, Sierra Nevada de Santa Maria, cuenca del río Magdalena, Departamento del Cesar, Colombia, elevation 1150 meters. Holotype: CAR 684. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH-P, ICNMHN. •Valid as Trichomycterus arhuaco Ardila Rodríguez 2016 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:11 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus arhuaco Ardila Rodríguez 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

arleoi, Pygidium Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1972:21, Pl. 34 [Análisis ictiológico del complejo hidrográfico; ref. 19696] Río Yaracuy drainage, Venezuela. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: (58). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus arleoi (Fernández-Yépez 1972) -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[9] [ref. 29569], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:[7] [ref. 32732], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:12 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:11 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:10 [ref. 35579], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus arleoi (Fernández-Yépez 1972). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Yaracuy River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

astromycterus, Trichomycterus Reis [V. J. C.], de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Pessali [T. C.] 2019:[2], Figs. 1-8 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 95 (no. 3); ref. 36902] Rio do Peixe, tributary of Rio Doce, Rio Doce municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 20°11'40.32"S, 42°51'8.47"W. Holotype: MZUSP 124559. Paratypes: (51) MZUSP 123341 (1), 123361 (13), 123760 (37). •Valid as Trichomycterus astromycterus Reis, de Pinna & Pessali 2019 -- (Vilardo et al. 2022:[2] [ref. 39093], Reis & de Pinna 2022:31 [ref. 39360], Costa et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40511], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus astromycterus Reis, de Pinna & Pessali 2019. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle Rio Doce drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

atochae, Pygidium Allen [W. R.] in Eigenmann & Allen 1942:156, Pl. 13 (figs. 3-5) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río de Atocha, Bolivia. Holotype: CAS 64576 [ex IU 17819]. Paratypes: CAS 64577 [ex IU 17819] (4), USNM 167864 [ex IU 17819] (83). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Trichomycterus atochae (Allen 1942) -- (Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus atochae (Allen 1942). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

atrobrunnea, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024:207, Figs. 4D-F, 6, 7 [Evolutionary Systematics v. 8; ref. 41551] Stream tributary of Rio Timbó, Rio Iguaçu drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Timbó Grande Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°34'41"S, 50°40'28"W, elevation about 970 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 14066. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva atrobrunnea Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Current status: Valid as Cambeva atrobrunnea Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Timbó drainage, Rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

auriculatus, Typhlobelus de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Zuanon [J.] 2013:445, Figs. 1-12 [Copeia 2013 (no. 3); ref. 32921] Rio Xingu at Arroz Cru, near Senador José Porfírio, 3°25'16"S, 51°55'08"W, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 12929. Paratypes: INPA 36118 (3, 1 c&s), MZUSP 109847 (4, 1 c&s). •Valid as Typhlobelus auriculatus de Pinna & Zuanon 2013. Current status: Valid as Typhlobelus auriculatus de Pinna & Zuanon 2013. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Río Xingu, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

auroguttatus, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1992:105, Fig. 6 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) [for 1991]; ref. 19725] Rio Marimbondo, tributary of Rio Preto, Rio Paraiba basin, 1 kilometer west of Visconde de Mauá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43341. Paratypes: MNRJ 611 (4), 640 (2); MZUSP 43342 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus alternatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Reis & de Pinna 2022:15 [ref. 39360]). •Valid as Trichomycterus auroguttatus Costa 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:167 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:120 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Costa 2012:81 [ref. 31901], Costa et al. 2022:513 [ref. 39820] in subgenus Psammocambeva, Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus auroguttatus Costa 1992. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Preto drainage, Paraíba do Sul basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

auromaculatum, Scleronema (Plesioscleronema) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Sampaio [W. M. S.], Giongo [P.], Almeida [F. B. de], Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2022:89, Figs. 2-5A, 5C, 5F, 5I, 5L [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 297; ref. 39059] Stream tributary to Rio Capivari, a tributary of Rio Quebra Anzol, Rio Araguari subdrainage, Rio Paranaíba drainage, Paraná basin, Araxá municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 19°40'26"S, 47°02'24"W, elevation 970 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 7018. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Scleronema auromaculatum Costa, Sampaio, Giongo, Almeida, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2022 -- (Bockmann et al. 2023:33 [ref. 40227]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema auromaculatum Costa, Sampaio, Giongo, Almeida, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Araguari drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

australis, Ituglanis Datovo [A.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2014:3, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 84 (no. 2) (for Feb.); ref. 33135] Tacuarembó Department, Ansina Municipality; Río Uruguay basin, Río Negro sub-basin, Río Tacuarembó; 31°53'08"S. 55°29"52"W, Uruguay. Holotype: MZUSP 112505. Paratypes: MCP, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Ituglanis australis Datovo & de Pinna 2014 -- (Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Terán et al. 2020:41 [ref. 38045], Ferrer 2021:251 [ref. 38890], Koerber et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40368], Loureiro et al. 2023:88 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis australis Datovo & de Pinna 2014. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos and Uruguay River basin (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

bahianus, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1992:105, Fig. 5 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) [for 1991]; ref. 19725] Tributary stream of ribeirao Caveira, Rio Una basin, 6.5 kilometers southeast of São José, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43340. Paratypes: MZUSP 38636 (8). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus bahianus Costa 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus bahianus Costa 1992. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: tributary Stream of Ribeirão Caveira, Una River basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

balios, Trichomycterus Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2013:218, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a,7a [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 32750] Rio Gandi do Sul State, Municipality of São Francisco de Paula, rio Santa Cruz, rio Caí basin, 29°21'46"S, 50°31'18"W, Brazil. Holotype: UFRGS 16229. Paratypes: many at MCN, MCP, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUSP, UFRGS. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Trichomycterus balios Ferrer & Malabarba 2013 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561]). •Valid as Cambeva balios (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Costa et al. 2020:720 [ref. 37907], Ferrer 2021:224 [ref. 38890], Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva balios (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Lagoa dos Patos system (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ballesterosi, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2011:4, Figs. 1-10 [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). v. 11; ref. 31409] Upper río Sinú, Municipio de Tierralta, Córdoba Departamento, Colombia, elevation 250-260 meters. Holotype: CAR 400. Paratypes: CAR 330 (55), 339 (10), 395 (7); CZUT-IC 3416 (5); IAvH-P 11715 (5) [ex CAR 330]. Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:417 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Trichomycterus ballesterosi Ardila Rodríguez 2011 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2014:10 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:15 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus ballesterosi Ardila Rodríguez 2011. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Sinú River basin, Córdoba, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

balzanii, Vandellia Perugia [A.] 1897:23 [8] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 18; ref. 18536] Río Beni, Mission Mosetenes, upper Amazon River system, Bolivia. Holotype (unique): MSNG 8848. Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:311 [ref. 10351], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. On p. 8 of separate. •Valid as Vandellia balzanii Perugia 1897 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bambui, Ituglanis Bichuette [M. E.] & Trajano [E.] 2004:245, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 27856] Angélica Cave, upper tributary of main subterranean stream, 13°31'S, 446°23'W, Terra Ronca State Park, São Domingos, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 79860. Paratypes: MZUSP 79861-64 (1, 4 c&s, 3 c&s, 4 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ituglanis bambui Bichuette & Trajano 2004 -- (Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Proudlove 2006:150 [ref. 28992], Castellanos-Morales 2007:49 [ref. 29323], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], Bichuette & Trajano 2008:13 [ref. 29571], Lima et al. 2013:513 [ref. 32912], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Rizzato & Bichuette 2015:577 [ref. 33676], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis bambui Bichuette & Trajano 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Upper tributaries of the main stream in the Angélica Cave, Tocantins River basin, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

banguela, Homodiaetus Koch [W. R.] 2002:42, Figs. 4, 7 [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 92 (no. 3); ref. 26425] Rio São João, Silva Jardim, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 19619. Paratypes: MCP 18736 (4, 1 dissected). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Homodiaetus banguela Koch 2002 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:944 [ref. 34078]). Current status: Valid as Homodiaetus banguela Koch 2002. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: São João River, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

banneaui, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:19 [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Bernal Creek near Honda, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56025 [ex CM 4815]. Paratypes: (88, CM and IU) CAS 58127 [ex IU 12677] (26); FMNH 56026 (20), 69815 (34); USNM 79234 (3 or 4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:79 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus bogotense (Eigenmann 1912) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Trichomycterus banneaui (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[9] [ref. 29569], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:10 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:19 [ref. 31410], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:10 [ref. 33769], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:202 [ref. 34894], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926], Mesa S. et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35987], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" banneaui, Escobar Camacho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40892] as aff. banneaui). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus banneaui (Eigenmann 1912). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Magdalena basin (Colombia and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

barbata, Microcambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Bockmann [F. A.] 1994:718, Figs. 2-3 [Journal of Natural History v. 28 (no. 3); ref. 21339] Rio São João, near Gaviões, Município de Silva Jardim, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43678. Paratypes: MZUSP 43679 (1), UFRJ 684 (2, c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Microcambeva barbata Costa & Bockmann 1994 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Costa et al. 2004:2 [ref. 27842], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], Mattos et al. 2008:161 [ref. 29875], Mattos & Lima 2010:233 [ref. 31040], Costa et al. 2019:1848 [ref. 37015], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2019:583 [ref. 37198], Costa et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37273], Medeiros et al. 2020:120 [ref. 38015], Costa & Katz 2021:331 [ref. 38742], Medeiros et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38396]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva barbata Costa & Bockmann 1994. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: Rio São João basin, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

barbatula, Trichomycterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:498 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Guasacona and River de Pontezualo near Coroico, Bolivia, 16°-17° N. Lat., elevation 13000-14000 feet. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-4077 (2) Río Pontezualo, 0000-4078 (5) and B-0587 (3) Río Guasacona. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:62 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

barbosae, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:148, Figs. 1-3E, 4A-C [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 97 (no. 1); ref. 38175] Rio Cubatão do Sul basin, Águas Mornas municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 27°39'51"S, 48°51'26"W, elevation about 130 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 10000. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cambeva barbosae Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021 -- (Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva barbosae Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: coastal river basins (between the Biguaçu and the Cubatão do Sul River basins) and Santa Catarina Island (Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

barbouri, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:214, Pl. 32 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 11113] Río Beni, eastern Bolivia. Holotype: MCZ 29313. Paratypes: (34, CM and IU) CAS 64578 [ex IU 12566] (1); FMNH 53946 (5); MCZ 29313 (1), 29314 (orig. 32, now 23), USNM 120289 (4). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155] Appeared first without distinguishing features in Eigenmann 1910:400 [ref. 1224]. Fernández 2000:28 [ref. 26195] stated that no type was designated in the original description, but the type is listed as MCZ 29313 in the original. •Valid as Trichomycterus barbouri (Eigenmann 1911) -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Fernández 2000:28 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus barbouri (Eigenmann 1911). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin (Bolivia), la Plata River basin (Argentina) and Beni River basin (Bolivia): Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

barrocus, Trichomycterus Reis [V. J. C.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2022:37, Fig. 17 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 197 (no. 2); ref. 39360] Boa Sorte River, Guandu River, Afonso Cláudio, Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20°10'57.00"S, 41°4'50.00"W. Holotype: MBML 14092. Paratypes: MBML 14093 (2), MZUSP 126763 (1). •Valid as Trichomycterus barrocus Reis & de Pinna 2022 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus barrocus Reis & de Pinna 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: lower Rio Doce drainage, Espírito Santo (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

batrachostoma, Gyrinurus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1912:28, Pl. [Loricariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae e Trichomycteridae Annexo no. 5; ref. 3718] Rio Paraguay at São Luiz de Cáceres, Corumba, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 786. Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:405 [ref. 12732] and spelled batrachotomus once, Miranda Ribeiro 1954:14 [ref. 21988], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ochmacanthus batrachostoma (Miranda Ribeiro 1912) (sometimes seen as batrachostomus) -- (Casciotta & Almirón 1996:52 [ref. 25534], Britski et al. 1999:93 [ref. 24147], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004] as batrachostomus, DoNascimiento 2015:947 [ref. 34078], Fernández et al. 2015:13 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117], Neto & de Pinna 2016:[2] [ref. 34386], Koerber et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Ochmacanthus batrachostoma (Miranda Ribeiro 1912). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: Paraná-Paraguay river basin, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

beagle, Trichogenes de Pinna [M. C. C.], Reis [V.] & Britski [H. A.] 2020:3, Figs. 1, 2A, 3-12 [American Museum Novitates No. 3951; ref. 37460] "Cachoeira do Cobra", ? rio Doce drainage, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 125019. Paratypes: MZUSP 124888 (2, 1 c&s). •Valid as Trichogenes beagle de Pinna, Reis & Britski 2020 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichogenes beagle de Pinna, Reis & Britski 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichogeninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Doce drainage, Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

beccarii, Vandellia Di Caporiacco [L.] 1935:59 [Monitore Zoologico Italiano v. 46 (no. 3); ref. 13875] Essequibo River, Rockstone, Guyana. Holotype (unique): MZUF 5506. Type catalog: Vanni 1991:222 [ref. 20099], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Vandellia beccarii Di Caporiacco 1935 -- (Schmidt 1987:234 [ref. 6780], Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:77 [ref. 35773], Taphorn et al. 2022:58 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Vandellia beccarii Di Caporiacco 1935. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin and rivers of Guyana (Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

belensis, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Vari [R. P.] 2002:739, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2002 (no. 3); ref. 26231] Stream tributary to Laguna Blanca, 11 kilometers northeast from Belén on provincial road 43 along route from Belén to Antofagasta de la Sierra, near Los Nacimientos de San Antonio, ca. 26°30'S, 67°03'W, Belén, Catamarca Province, Argentina, eleva. 3500 m. Holotype: FML 2530. Paratypes: FML 2531 (26, 5 c&s), USNM 364371 (2). Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus belensis Fernández & Vari 2002 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27366], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Fernández & Osinaga 2006:387 [ref. 28738], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:366 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus belensis Fernández & Vari 2002. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Laguna Blanca River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

bendego, Microcambeva Medeiros [L. S. de], Moreira [C. R.], de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Lima [S. M. Q.] 2020:113, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 4895 (no. 1); ref. 38015] Rio Guapiaçu near Cachoeiras de Macacu, rio Guapi-Macacu basin, Guapimirim Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 22°35'33"S, 42°53'20"W. Holotype: MNRJ 52042. Paratypes: MNRJ 48616 (1), MZUSP 125789 (1). •Valid as Microcambeva bendego Medeiros, Moreira, de Pinna & Lima 2020 -- (Costa & Katz 2021:333 [ref. 38742], Medeiros et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38396]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva bendego Medeiros, Moreira, de Pinna & Lima 2020. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: Middle Rio Guapiaçu drainage, rio Guapi-Macacu basin, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

bernunssa, Listrura Medeiros [L. S. de], Donin [L. M.], Ferrer [J.], Lima [S. M. Q.] & de Pinna [M.] 2024:5, Figs. 1-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 3): e230136; ref. 41476] Córrego Grande stream at Parque Natural Municipal do Maciço da Costeira, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Island, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 27°36'37"S, 48°30'24"W. Holotype: UFRGS 22874. Paratype: MZUSP 63440 (1). •Valid as Listrura bernunssa Medeiros, Donin, Ferrer, Lima & de Pinna 2024. Current status: Valid as Listrura bernunssa Medeiros, Donin, Ferrer, Lima & de Pinna 2024. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Santa Catarina Island, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

bertoni, Branchioica Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:703 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Asuncion, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 63840 [ex IU 13950]. Paratypes: CAS 77288 [ex IU 13950] (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Branchioica bertoni Eigenmann 1917 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860] as bertonii, Gómez & Chebez 1996:61 [ref. 23791] as bertonii, Román-Valencia 1998:299 [ref. 27071], Britski et al. 1999:93 [ref. 24147], López et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27366]). •Valid as Paravandellia bertoni (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131] as bertonii). •Synonym of Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267], Henschel et al. 2024:32 [ref. 41248]). Current status: Synonym of Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

betabelardense, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2022:148, Figs. 2D-F, 5 [European Journal of Taxonomy v. 794; ref. 39052] Stream tributary to middle Rio Chapecó, Rio Uruguai basin, Abelardo Luz Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°29'32"S, 52°20'32"W, elevation 820 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6995. Paratypes: (17) CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva betabelardense Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2022. Current status: Valid as Cambeva betabelardense Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: middle Rio Chapecó drainage, Rio Uruguai basin, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

betuliaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2017:5, Figs. 1, 2, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 10; ref. 35812] Quebrada Golondrinas, afluente de la quebrada La Putana, vereda Golondrinas, cuenca del río Magdalena, municipio de Betulia, Departamento del Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 785. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH-P. •Valid as Trichomycterus betuliaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2017 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2018:9 [ref. 35926], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez 2007 -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:12 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez 2007. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

biseriata, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.], Dalcin [R. H.], Abilhoa [V.] & Katz [A. M.] 2023:24, Figs. 7F, 8F, 9F, 14 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 39856] Rio Piraí, Rio Itapocu basin, Vila Nova, Joinville Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°17'34"S, 48°57'51"W, elevation about 30 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13265. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva biseriata Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Dalcin, Abilhoa & Katz 2023. Current status: Valid as Cambeva biseriata Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Dalcin, Abilhoa & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: northern Rio Itapocu basin, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

bogotense, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:18 [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Chapinero, near Bogotá, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56030 [ex CM 4820]. Paratypes: (245, CM and IU) AMNH 7107 (5, 1 c&s); CAS 58118 [ex IU 12679] (27); FMNH 56031 (128), 56044 (3); USNM 79232 (10). Type catalog: Henn 1928:79 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus bogotense (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Trichomycterus bogotensis (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], Ardila Rodríguez 2008:39 [ref. 30122], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:10 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399] as bogotense, Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108] as bogotense, Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579] as bogotense, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926] as bogotense, Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus bogotensis (Eigenmann 1912). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: River drainages in Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

boitata, Ituglanis Ferrer [J.], Donin [L. M.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2015:376, Figs. 1-3, 4a, 5 [Zootaxa 4020 (no. 2); ref. 33964] Rio Grande do Sul State, Maquiné, rio Maquiné at road RS-484 between Maquiné and São Francisco de Paula, rio Tramandaí basin, Brazil, 29°31’26"S, 50°18’56"W. Holotype: UFRGS 18455. Paratypes: MCN, MCP, MZUSP, UFRGS. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Ituglanis boitata Ferrer, Donin & Malabarba 2015 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Ferrer 2021:253 [ref. 38890]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis boitata Ferrer, Donin & Malabarba 2015. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tramandaí system and rio Mampituba and Araranguá basins (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

bomboizanum, Pygidium Tortonese [E.] 1942:113 [1], Pl. 1 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino (Ser. 4) v. 49 (no. 121) (for 1941-1942); ref. 10293] Río Bomboiza, Ecuador. Holotype: MZUT 3553 (1 of 2, incl. paratype). Paratypes: MZUT 3553 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. On p. 1 of separate. •Valid as Trichomycterus bomboizanus (Tortonese 1942) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus bomboizanus (Tortonese 1942). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Bomboiza River basin, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

bondi, Acanthopoma Myers [G. S.] 1942:97, Fig. 5 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 3121] Río Apuré at San Fernando de Apuré, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS-SU 36498. Paratypes: CAS-SU 36499 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:44 [ref. 12291], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Acanthopoma bondi Myers 1942 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Schultzichthys bondi (Myers 1942) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento 2015:951 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:78 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:57 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Schultzichthys bondi (Myers 1942). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

borellii, Trichomycterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1897:3 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino v. 12 (no. 279); ref. 14624] Missión de Aguairenda (Bolivia) and Tala and Lesser (Salta Province, Argentina). Syntypes: BMNH 1897.1.27.26 (1): ZMUT 1396-98 (6, 2, 1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:137 [ref. 21559] with holotype, Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. Information on type locality see Koerber & Terán 2021:139, 140 [ref. 38314]. •Valid as Trichomycterus borellii Boulenger 1897 -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27366] as borelli, Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Azpelicueta et al. 2010:2 [ref. 41139], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Koerber & Terán 2021:139, 143 [ref. 38314]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus borellii Boulenger 1897. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Salta, Catamarca and Mendoza in Argentina, and Aguairenda in Bolivia (Argentina and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

bortayro, Silvinichthys Fernández [L.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2005:101, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2005 (no. 1); ref. 28093] Artificial well near Río Arenales at San Luis, 24°50'S, 65°30'W, Depart. Capital, Salta Province, Argentina, elevation 1273 meters. Holotype: FML 2590. Paratypes: AMNH 233621 (1); FLBS 01071A (1); FML 2591 (2, 1 c&s), 2592 (1), 2594 (2); MZUSP 83359 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Silvinichthys bortayro Fernández & de Pinna 2005 -- (Castellanos-Morales 2007:49 [ref. 29323], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], Koerber 2011:4 [ref. 31122], Fernández et al. 2011:227 [ref. 31662], Fernández et al. 2013:371 [ref. 32531], Fernández et al. 2014:380 [ref. 33141], Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Liotta 2016:379 [ref. 34919], Fernández et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35112]). Current status: Valid as Silvinichthys bortayro Fernández & de Pinna 2005. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: artifical wells at San Luis, Andian Cordillera of Salta, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

boticario, Ituglanis Rizzato [P. P.] & Bichuette [M. E.] 2015:580, Figs. 2-11, 7-10, 11-14, 15-16 [Zoologia (Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia) v. 31 (no. 6) (for Dec. 2014); ref. 33676] Goiás state, Mambaí municipality, Tarimba cave system; Mambaí karst area, upper Tocantins River Basin, Brazil, 14°24'42.9"S, 46°10'29.7"W, elevation 742 meters. Holotype: LIRP 11009. Paratypes: LIRP, LESCI. •Valid as Ituglanis boticario Rizzato & Bichuette 2015 -- (Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis boticario Rizzato & Bichuette 2015. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Tarimba cave system, Tocantins River Basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

boticario, Listrura de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Wosiacki [W. B.] 2002:721, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 115 (no. 4); ref. 26545] Pool adjacent to Rio da Figueira, tributary of Rio Morato, inside "Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Salto Morato", 25°16'S, 48°12'W, Município de Guaraqueçaba, Paraná State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP 69573. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Listrura boticario de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], Villa-Verde & Costa 2006:44 [ref. 28570], Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:493 [ref. 31517], Villa-Verde et al. 2012:528 [ref. 32250], Villa-Verde et al. 2014:641 [ref. 33099], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364], Costa & Katz 2021:330 [ref. 38742], Villa-Verde et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39194], Medeiros et al. 2024:18 [ref. 41476]). Current status: Valid as Listrura boticario de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Da Figueira and Guaraqueçaba River basins, southeastern Mata Atlantica (Paraná State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

botuvera, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:153, Figs. 3F, 4D-F, 6-7 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 97 (no. 1); ref. 38175] Ribeirão Ourinhos, Rio Itajaí-Mirim basin, village of Ourinhos, Botuverá municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 27°14'22"S, 49°10'22"W, elevation about 160 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6911. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva botuvera Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021-- (Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872], Costa et al. 2023:8 [ref. 39856]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva botuvera Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: coastal streams, Rio Itajaí-Mirim basin (Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

boylei, Pygidium Nichols [J. T.] 1956:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 1760; ref. 12215] Río Grande in Tilcara, Jujuy Province, Argentina, 23°23'S, 65°23'W, elevation 8000 feet. Holotype: AMNH 20299. Paratypes: AMNH 17271 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus boylei (Nichols 1956) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984:506 [ref. 8254], Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Fernandez 2000:352 [ref. 25077], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Fernández & Vari 2002:742 [ref. 26231], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27366], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Fernández & Osinaga 2006:387 [ref. 28738], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Fernández et al. 2015:10 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:366 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus boylei (Nichols 1956). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

brachykechenos, Trichomycterus Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2013:237, Figs. 2d, 3d, 4d, 5d,6d, 15, 16 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 32750] Rio Grande do Sul, Municipality of Caraá, rio do Sinos, 29°45'44"S, 50°19'39"W, Brazil. Holotype: MCN 18929. Paratypes: MCN, MCP, UFRGS. •Valid as Trichomycterus brachykechenos Ferrer & Malabarba 2013 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561]). •Valid as Cambeva brachykechenos (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Ferrer 2021:226 [ref. 38890]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva brachykechenos (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio dos Sinos, Laguna dos Patos system (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

brasiliensis, Trichomycterus Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1874:29 [1] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 1); ref. 2855] Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 85270 (3); SMNS 2021 (1); ZMB 9171 (2); ZMUC P30154 [ex 103] (1), P30155-56 [ex 108-109] (1, 1), P30157 [ex 114] (1), P30158 [ex 116] (1), P30159 [ex 119] (1), P30160 [ex 120] (1), P30161 [ex 123], P30162 [ex 127] (1), P. 30163 [ex 121], P30164-66 [ex 124-126] (1, 1, 1). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:51 [ref. 9588], Fricke 1995:19 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:63 [ref. 29864], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. On p. 1 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:135 (and p. I of summary), Pl. 3 (fig. 8) [ref. 19674]. •Valid as Trichomycterus brasiliensis Lütken 1874 -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860], Trajano & de Pinna 1996:89 [ref. 22915], Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663], Britski et al. 1999:92 [ref. 24147], Britski 2001:19 [ref. 26046], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Barbosa & Costa 2003:282 [ref. 27395], Barbosa & Costa 2003:179 [ref. 27636], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2008:184 [ref. 29961], Barbosa & Costa 2010:118 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2012:81 [ref. 31901], Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos 2012:360 [ref. 32318], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471], Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus brasiliensis Lütken 1874. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais State and in smaller adjoining basins (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Tridens Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:54 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 8160. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Tridensimilis brevis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[15] [ref. 35679], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). •Valid as Tridentopsis brevis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Datovo et al. 2023:19 [ref. 40547]). Current status: Valid as Tridentopsis brevis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

brigadeirensis, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.] & Vilardo [P. J.] in Costa, Mattos, Barbosa, Vilardo & Katz 2023:6, Figs. 3A, 4, 5A, 6A, 7A [Fishes v. 8: 474; ref. 40511] Ribeirão Félix, upper Rio Casca drainage, Rio Doce basin, Serra do Brigadeiro, Araponga Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°41'31"S, 42°29'52"W, elevation about 1,100 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13480. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus brigadeirensis Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2023 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus brigadeirensis Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Casca drainage, Rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

britskii, Rhinotridens de Pinna [M. C. C.], Reis [V.], Pastana [M. N. L.] & Datovo [A.] 2024:4, Figs. 1-10 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 2): e240025; ref. 41344] Igarapé Boa Vista, upstream from mouth of rio Queixito, rio Itacoaí subdrainage (sometimes called Itacoari or Itaquaí), rio Javari drainage, Amazon River basin, Atalaia do Norte Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil, 04°26'37"S, 70°14'11"W. Holotype: ZUEC 18281. Paratypes: MNRJ, MZUSP, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Rhinotridens britskii de Pinna, Reis, Pastana & Datovo 2024. Current status: Valid as Rhinotridens britskii de Pinna, Reis, Pastana & Datovo 2024. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: South America: lowland Amazon River basin, Brazil and western Amazon basin, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

brooksi, Paravandellia Henschel [E.], Baskin [J. N.], Collins [R.] & Lujan [N. K.] 2024:16, Figs. 4E, 5E, 6E, 8, 9 [American Museum Novitates No. 4024; ref. 41248] Orinoco River right bank at bedrock outcrop 52.9 km SE of San Antonio, 102 km west of La Esmeralda, Amazonas State, Venezuela, 3.10036°, -66.46277°, elevation about 100 meters. Holotype: AUM 43316. Paratypes: AUM 54192 (1), ROM 112354 (1). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paravandellia brooksi Henschel, Baskin, Collins & Lujan 2024. Current status: Valid as Paravandellia brooksi Henschel, Baskin, Collins & Lujan 2024. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Upper Orinoco River main channel in southern Venezuela, the Aguarico River main channel in eastern Ecuador near the Peruvian border, and the Madeira River drainage, western Amazon basin. Habitat: freshwater.

brucutu, Trichomycterus Reis [V. J. C.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2022:41, Fig. 19 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 197 (no. 2); ref. 39360] Lajeado Creek, tributary of Rio Mãe d’Água, Santo Antônio de Itambé, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 18°30'0.00"S, 43°17'60.00"W. Holotype: MZUSP 87834. Paratypes: MNRJ 48472 (1), MZUSP 126757 (2). •Valid as Trichomycterus brucutu Reis & de Pinna 2022 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus brucutu Reis & de Pinna 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Santo Antônio drainage, middle Rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

brunoi, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2010:99, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 30782] Lateral channel of Rio Caparó, Rio Itabapomana basin, Alto Caparaó, 20°25'54"S, 41°51'57"W, Município de Alto Caparaó, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6030. Paratypes: UFRJ 5649 (11), 5650 (2), 5658 (5, c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus brunoi Barbosa & Costa 2010 -- (Barbosa 2013:274 [ref. 33106], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Reis & de Pinna 2022:44 [ref. 39360], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus brunoi Barbosa & Costa 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Itabapomana and upper Rio Doce drainages, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

bullocki, Hatcheria Fowler [H. W.] 1940:180, Figs. 14-15 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 17232] Angol, Chile. Holotype: ANSP 69145. Paratypes: ANSP 69146 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Bullockia maldonadoi (Eigenmann 1920) -- (Arratia et al. 1978:162 [ref. 144], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Bullockia maldonadoi (Eigenmann 1920). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

burmeisteri, Pygidium Berg [C.] 1895:128, Pl. 2 (fig. 1) [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 4; ref. 14575] Río Mendoza, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Holotype (unique): MACN. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus burmeisteri (Berg 1895) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1981:99 [ref. 6024], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cachiraensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2008:34, Figs. 2-8 [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). v. 10; ref. 30123] Río Galvánes, afluente parte alta Río Cáchira, Municipio Cáchira, Departemento de Norte de Santander, Colombia, 7°44'47"N, 73°03'04"W, elevation 2025 meters. Holotype: CAR 125. Paratypes: CAR 97 (42); CZUT-IC 2920 (3); IAvHP 11114 (5 or 11); MBUCV-V-35384 (3). Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:417 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Trichomycterus cachiraensis Ardila Rodríguez 2008 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2011:10 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:19 [ref. 31410], DoNascimiento et al. 2014:726 [ref. 33632], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:10, 11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926], Mesa S. et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35987], Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988], Miranda & Fernández 2020:463 [ref. 37703], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" cachiraensis). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus cachiraensis Ardila Rodríguez 2008. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Río Cáchira, Magdalena River basin (Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

cahuali, Tridentopsis Azpelicueta [M. de las M.] 1990:982, Figs. 1-4 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 97 (no. 4); ref. 19207] Estancia El Bagual, Paraguay system, Formosa Province, Argentina, 26°10'53"S, 58°56'39"W. Holotype: MLP 8759 [ex 5-IX-89-1]. Paratypes: AMNH 89300 (2); CAS 67699 (4); MHNG 2479.08 (4); MLP 8760 [ex 5-IX-89-2] (15, 2 c&s), 8764 [ex 27-XII-89-1] (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:12 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Tridentopsis cahuali Azpelicueta 1990 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155], Fernández et al. 2015:13 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Tridentopsis cahuali Azpelicueta 1990. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

cahyensis, Ituglanis Sarmento-Soares [L. M.], Martins-Pinheiro [R. F.], Aranda [A. T.] & Chamon [C. C.] 2006:310, Figs. 1-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 4 (no. 3); ref. 28814] Prado, rio Palmares on road Guarany-Corumbau, 16°57'48"S, 39°16'33"W, Bahia State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 28404. Paratypes: MNRJ 28405 (2, c&s). 28406 (1). •Valid as Ituglanis cahyensis Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon 2006 -- (Campos-Paiva & Costa 2007:54 [ref. 29139], Ferraris 2007:444 [ref. 29155], Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Datovo & de Pinna 2014:5 [ref. 33135], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis cahyensis Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon 2006. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Palmares River, a tributary of Cahy River, southeastern Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

caipora, Trichomycterus Lima [S. M. Q.], Lazzarotto [H.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2008:316, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29837] Município de Conceição de Macabu, lagoa Feia drainagem rio Macabu basin, rio Macabu upstream if the confluence of rio Carocango and rio Macabu, 22°04'51.8"S, 41°58'55.3'W, Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6583. Paratypes: MNRJ 31924 (2?); UFRJ 7247 (12), 7257 (2?), 7614 (3, c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus caipora Lima, Lazzarotto & Costa 2008 -- (da Silva et al. 2010:50 [ref. 30755], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Nascimento et al. 2017:511 [ref. 35440], Costa et al. 2020:81 [ref. 38088], Reis & de Pinna 2022:47 [ref. 39360] as aff., Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus caipora Lima, Lazzarotto & Costa 2008. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Macabu River basin, lagoa Feia drainage (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

calai, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2019:5, Figs. 1-3, 5A-B, 6-9A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 13; ref. 36944] Quebrada Guamacá, afluente de la quebrade Santa Rosa, cuenca Río Suárez, municipio de Simacota, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, 06°26'35"N, 73°20'15"W. Holotype: CAR 815. Paratypes: CAR, ICNMHN. •Valid as Trichomycterus calai Ardila Rodríguez 2019 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus calai Ardila Rodríguez 2019. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Suárez drainage, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

caliense, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:18 [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Cali (3°27'N, 76°31'W), Colombia. Holotype (unique): FMNH 56029 [ex CM 4819 not 6819]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus caliense (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Román-Valencia 2001:657 [ref. 27072], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Schaefer 2005:73 [ref. 28090]). •Valid as Trichomycterus caliensis (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus caliensis (Eigenmann 1912). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Calima River basin, Colombia and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

camposi, Eremophilus Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1957:72, Fig. [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 13 (art. 5); ref. 12165] Ribeirão do Poço Grande, tributary of the Rio Juquiá, Fazenda Poço Grande, Juquiá, about 24°15'S, 47°37'W, São Paulo State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3426. Type catalog: Britski 1969:206 [ref. 12401], Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155]. Name originally appeared as camposi, but named after a lady, Antonia Amoral Campos, the correct species epithet would be camposae, not to be corrected according to the ICZN. •Valid as Listrura camposi (Miranda Ribeiro 1957) -- (de Pinna 1988:119 [ref. 5999], Bizerril 1994:625 [ref. 22673], Nico & de Pinna 1996:29 [ref. 22300], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Landim & Costa 2002:155 [ref. 25896], de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002:721 [ref. 26545], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], Villa-Verde & Costa 2006:44 [ref. 28570], Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:502 [ref. 31517], Villa-Verde et al. 2012:527 [ref. 32250], Villa-Verde et al. 2014:641 [ref. 33099], Costa & Katz 2021:330 [ref. 38742], Villa-Verde et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39194], Medeiros et al. 2024:18 [ref. 41476] as camposae). Current status: Valid as Listrura camposi (Miranda Ribeiro 1957). Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages, São Paulo and Santa Catarina States, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

candidus, Eremophilus Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1949:2, Pls. [Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia (N. S.) No. 88; ref. 13022] Rio Espirito Santo, tributary of the Rio Claro, east of Sapucaí, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. MNRJ 5209. Paratypes: (several) MNRJ 5033-34 (2), 5247 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Eremophilus candidus Miranda Ribeiro 1949 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], Fernández & Vari 2000:994 [ref. 25017]). •Valid as Trichomycterus candidus (Miranda Ribeiro 1949) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Barbosa & Costa 2003:282 [ref. 27395], Barbosa & Costa 2003:179 [ref. 27636], Wosiacki & Garavello 2004:3 [ref. 27649], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:120 [ref. 30782], Ferrer & Malabarba 2011:65 [ref. 31348], Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos 2012:360 [ref. 32318], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Costa et al. 2022:162 [ref. 39290], Costa et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40170], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus candidus (Miranda Ribeiro 1949). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Sapucaí drainage, Rio Grande basin, upper Rio Paraná system (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

cangussu, Paracanthopoma Henschel [E.], Katz [A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2021:3, Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 99 (no. 6); ref. 38711] Sandbank at a beach in the Bananal Island, Javaés River drainage, Araguaia River basin, Pium Municipality, Tocantins State, central Brazil, 09°59'52"S, 50°06'49"W, elevation about 170 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12696. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Paracanthopoma cangussu Henschel, Katz & Costa 2021 -- (de Pinna & Dagosta 2022:21 [ref. 39792]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma cangussu Henschel, Katz & Costa 2021. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: middle Araguaia River drainage, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

caparaoensis, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.], Barbosa [M. A.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Mattos, Barbosa, Vilardo & Katz 2023:20, Figs. 3D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 11 [Fishes v. 8: 474; ref. 40511] Córrego Feio, tributary of Rio José Pedro, Rio Manhuaçu drainage, Rio Doce basin, Martins Soares Municipality, Serra do Caparaó, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°23'37"S, 41°51'31"W, elevation about 1,015 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6006. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus caparaoensis Costa, Barbosa & Katz 2023 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus caparaoensis Costa, Barbosa & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Manhuaçu drainage, Rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

capeta, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:25, Figs. 13-15 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Rio Negro, praia Mari-Mari, upstream from Barcelos and slightly above mouth of rio Cuiuni, Amazonas, Brazil, approximately 00°32'S, 63°24'W. Holotype: MZUSP 29154. Paratypes: MZUSP 100144 (6). •Valid as Paracanthopoma capeta de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma capeta de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: middle Rio Negro drainage, northern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

caratinguensis, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.] & Vilardo [P. J.] in Costa, Mattos, Barbosa, Vilardo & Katz 2023:13, Figs. 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 9 [Fishes v. 8: 474; ref. 40511] Córrego Tabuleiro II, a tributary of Rio Caratinga, Rio Doce basin, Santa Bárbara do Leste Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 19°55'53"S, 42°08'27"W, elevation about 680 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13815. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus caratinguensis Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2023 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus caratinguensis Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Caratinga drainage, Rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

carijo, Scleronema (Scleronema) Bockmann [F. A.], Ferrer [J.], Rizzato [P. P.], Esguícero [A. L. H.], Duboc [L. F.] & Ingenito [L. F. S.] 2023:5, Figs. 1-18 [Zootaxa 5297 (no. 1); ref. 40227] Ribeirão Arataca, tributary of the right bank of the rio Tijucas, under bridge of SC-108 highway, Tijipió district, São João Batista Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 27°22'05"S, 48°53'41"W, elevation 24 meters. Holotype: LIRP 16930. Paratypes: LIRP, MCP, MHNCI, UFRGS. •Valid as Scleronema carijo Bockmann, Ferrer, Rizzato, Esguícero, Duboc & Ingenito 2023. Current status: Valid as Scleronema carijo Bockmann, Ferrer, Rizzato, Esguícero, Duboc & Ingenito 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Tijucas, da Madre and Tubarão River basins, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

carrapata, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:29, Figs. 16-17 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Rio Madeira at Calama, Rondônia, Brazil, 08°01'42"S, 62°52'34"W. Holotype: MZUSP 100145. Paratypes: MZUSP 100142 (2), 100143 (3). •Valid as Paracanthopoma carrapata de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma carrapata de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: middle Rio Madeira drainage, Amazon basin, Rondônia, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

casitaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2017:5, Figs. cover page, 2, 5-8 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 3; ref. 35579] Río Tarra, parte alta, cuenca del río Catatumbo, Corregimiento de Casitas, Municipio de Ábrego, Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 700. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH-P, ICNMHN, IMCN. •Valid as Trichomycterus casitaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2017 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2019:9 [ref. 36944], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:12 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus casitaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2017. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Tarra basin, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

castelensis, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.] & Vilardo [P. J.] in Costa, Mattos, Barbosa, Vilardo & Katz 2023:23, Figs. 3E, 5E, 6E, 7E, 12 [Fishes v. 8: 474; ref. 40511] Small stream tributary to Rio Boa Sorte, Rio Guandu drainage, Rio Doce basin, Afonso Claudio Municipality, Serra do Castelo, Espirito Santo [not Minas Gerais State as stated in orig. descr.], Brazil, 20°11'40"S, 41°03'42"W, elevation about 630 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13481. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus castelensis Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2023 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus castelensis Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Guandu drainage, Rio Doce basin, Espirito Santo State (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

castroi, Trichomycterus de Pinna [M. C. C.] 1992:90, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14643] Branch of Rio Iguaçu, near the point crossed by Curitiba-Paranaguá road, Paraná State, Brazil, about 25°26'S, 49°06'W. Holotype: MZUSP 36964. Paratypes: MZUSP 36965 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus castroi de Pinna 1992 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], López et al. 2002:59 [ref. 26808], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2008:184 [ref. 29961], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471]). •Valid as Cambeva castroi (de Pinna 1992) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364], Costa et al. 2022:7 [ref. 39261], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva castroi (de Pinna 1992). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

catamarcensis, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Vari [R. P.] 2000:990, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2000 (no. 4); ref. 25017] Stream tributary to Laguna Blanca, 11 kilm northeast from Belén on provincial road 43 along route from Belén to Antofagasta de la Sierra, near Los Nacimientos de San Antonio (ca. 26°30'S, 67°03'W), Depto Belén, Prov. de Catamarca, Argentina, elev. 3500 m. Holotype: FML 2507. Paratypes: FML 2508 (8), USNM 357449 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus catamarcensis Fernández & Vari 2000 -- (López et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26808], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27366], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Ferrer & Malabarba 2011:65 [ref. 31348], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:366 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus catamarcensis Fernández & Vari 2000. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Laguna Blanca basin, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

caudofasciatus, Trichomycterus Alencar [A. R.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2004:5, Fig. 2 [Zootaxa No. 744; ref. 27991] Rio Caparaó, Rio Itabapoana basin, Alto Caparaó, 20°25'53.9"S, 41°51'56.8"W, Município de Alto Caparaó, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, elevation 1047 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6002. Paratypes: MCP 35030 (2); UFRJ 4070 (5), 5655-57 (10, 5 c&s, 10). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus caudofasciatus Alencar & Costa 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:120 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Costa 2012:156 [ref. 32045], Reis & de Pinna 2019:117 [ref. 36632], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus caudofasciatus Alencar & Costa 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Itabapoana River basin, Serra do Caparaó, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

cauim, Cambeva Reis [R. B. dos], Ferrer [J.] & Graça [W. J. da] 2021:2, Figs. 1, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6, 7a, 8a-b, 9a, 10a, 11 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 38862] Unnamed tributary to the Rio da Areia, lower Rio Iguaçu basin, Rio Paraná system, municipality of Cruz Machado, Paraná State, Brazil, 25°56'48"S, 51°23'45"W, elevation about 800 meters. Holotype: NUP 22756. Paratypes: MPEG, NUP, UFRGS. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:29 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Cambeva cauim Reis, Ferrer & Graça 2021 -- (Reis et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40059], Martins et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41475], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva cauim Reis, Ferrer & Graça 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: lower Rio Iguaçu basin (Paraná, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

celsae, Trichomycterus Lasso [C. A.] & Provenzano [F.] 2003:1140, Figs. 1, 2A-6A [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 50 (no. 3-4) [for 2002]; ref. 26951] Río Kukenán, cabeceras, valle between los tepuyes Roraima and Kukenán, Gran Sabana, 5°06'30"N, 60°49'48"W, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 6453. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-29600 (2); MHNLS 6467 (3), 13318 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus celsae Lasso & Provenzano 2002 -- (Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus celsae Lasso & Provenzano 2003. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Kukenán River, Bolívar, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

cerritoensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:14, Fig. 7 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Quebrada Borli, afluente del río Cervitá, Vereda Humalá, municipio El Cerrito, Provincia de García Rovira, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 2500 meters. Holotype: CAR 809. Paratypes: CAR. •Valid as Trichomycterus cerritoensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018 -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus cerritoensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Cervitá drainage, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

chaberti, Trichomycterus Durand [J.] 1968:344, Fig. 3 [Annales de Spéléologie v. 23 (no. 2); ref. 21537] Cave of Umayalanta, 8 kilometers northwest of town of Torotoro, Potosí dept., Bolivia. Holotype: MNHN 1968-0217. Paratypes: (29) ANSP 140068 (1); MHNG 1513.19-22 (4). Type catalog: Mahnert 1976:475 [ref. 21535], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus chaberti Durand 1968 -- (Romero & Paulson 2001:28 [ref. 26040], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:273 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Bichuette & Trajano 2004:243 [ref. 27856], Ardila Rodríguez 2006:7 [ref. 28863], Proudlove 2006:145 [ref. 28992], Castellanos-Morales 2007:49 [ref. 29323], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Rizzato et al. 2011:478 [ref. 31516], Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:49 [ref. 32163], Sarmiento et al. 2014:179, 193 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus chaberti Durand 1968. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Umayalanta cave system, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

chapadensis, Trichomycterus Katz [A. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa, Mattos & Katz 2021:130, Figs. 2B, 2L, 2N, 2P, 3, 4A [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 293; ref. 38372] Cachoeira do Pulo, Córrego Independência, Rio Cuiabá subdrainage, Rio Paraguai drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Chapada dos Guimarães, Município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 15°24'57"S, 55°50'32"W, elevation about 590 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12684. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus chapadensis Katz & Costa 2021. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus chapadensis Katz & Costa 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Cuiabá subdrainage, upper Rio Paraguai basin, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

chapmani, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:18 [Indiana University Studies No. 16 [sic No. 8]; ref. 1228] Boquia, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 56027 [ex CM 4817]. Paratypes: (33, CM and IU) CAS 58128 [ex IU 12678] (8); FMNH 50628 (10), 69813 (16); USNM 79233 (3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus chapmani (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Schaefer 2005:73 [ref. 28090], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[9] [ref. 29569], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:10 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:19 [ref. 31410], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus chapmani (Eigenmann 1912). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Colombia and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

chicomendesi, Tridens Henschel [E.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Henschel, Ohara & Costa 2023:9, Figs. 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, 9b, 12, 13, 14 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 103 (no. 1); ref. 40194] Igarapé Iná near the BR-317 road, Xipamanu River, Abunã River drainage, middle Madeira River basin, Xaputi Municipality, Acre State, Brazil, 10°4'14"S, 68°1'20"W, elevation about 160 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13302. Paratypes: UFRJ 11257 (5), 11520 (3). Misspelled as mendesi in Fig. 9b. •Valid as Tridens chicomendesi Henschel & Costa 2023. Current status: Valid as Tridens chicomendesi Henschel & Costa 2023. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: South America: Abunã River drainage, middle Madeira River basin, Acre State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

chiltoni, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1920:54 [Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (Santiago) v. 23; ref. 29449] Estero Nonguen, Chile. Lectotype: CAS 57596 [ex IU 15059]. Paralectotypes: CAS 57597 [ex IU 15059] (68), 57598 [ex IU 15703] (4); MNHN 1921-0058 (1); USNM 84350 [ex IU 15059] (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:62 [ref. 19575], Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype established in the caption to Pl. 8 in Eigenmann 1928 or 1927 [ref. 1245]. •Valid as Trichomycterus chiltoni (Eigenmann 1920) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Pequeño 1989:41 [ref. 14125], de Pinna 1998:297 [ref. 23847], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus chiltoni (Eigenmann 1920). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Western drainages in central Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

choroloensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2024:12, Figs. 2, 5C, 7C, 9B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 98; ref. 41346] Cueva de Choroló, municipio de Curití, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 1030. Paratypes: CAR 397 (9). •Valid as Trichomycterus choroloensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus choroloensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Cueva de Choroló, municipio de Curití, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

chromocaudatus, Rhinotridens Datovo [A.], Ochoa [L.], Vita [G.], Presti [P.], Ohara [W. M.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2023:4, Figs. 1-9 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 3): e230076; ref. 40547] Rio Ipixuna, mouth of Lago Comprido, rio Purus drainage, Amazon basin, Humaitá Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil, 07°30'37"S, 63°20'23"W. Holotype: MZUSP 128216. Paratypes: INPA, MCP, MNRJ, MPEG, UFRO. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Rhinotridens chromocaudatus Datovo, Ochoa, Vita, Presti, Ohara & de Pinna 2023 -- (de Pinna et al. 2024:19 [ref. 41344]). Current status: Valid as Rhinotridens chromocaudatus Datovo, Ochoa, Vita, Presti, Ohara & de Pinna 2023. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: South America: Purus River drainage, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysornata, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.], Dalcin [R. H.], Abilhoa [V.] & Katz [A. M.] 2023:12, Figs. 7B, 8B, 9B, 10 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 39856] Stream tributary of Rio Palmital, Baía de Babitonga system, near the centre of the town of Garuva, Garuva Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°02'05"S, 48°51'28"W, elevation about 35 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13011. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva chrysornata Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Dalcin, Abilhoa & Katz 2023. Current status: Valid as Cambeva chrysornata Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Dalcin, Abilhoa & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Palmital drainage, Baía de Babitonga basin, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

chungaraensis, Trichomycterus Arratia [G.] 1983:67, Fig. 2 [Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 8378] Streams of Vertiente de Mal Paso, Chungará Lake, northern Chile, elevation 4500 meters. Holotype: FFSUC IC 290878A. Paratypes: FFSUC IC 181278A, 181278B, 200579A, 200579B, 290878B. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus chungaraensis Arratia 1983 -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984:514 [ref. 8254], Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Pequeño 1989:41 [ref. 14125], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678], Fernández & Vari 2000:993 [ref. 25017], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus chungaraensis Arratia 1983. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Streams of Chungará Lake, Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

cirrhosa, Vandellia Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:386, Pl. 547 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Probably from America [= South America]. Syntypes: MNHN A-6308 (2, poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:63 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846 -- (Schmidt 1987:235 [ref. 6780], Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:72 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], DoNacimiento et al. in Lasso & Morales-Betancourt 2022:268 [ref. 40783]). Current status: Valid as Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco Lowlands (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

claudiae, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2010:106, Figs. 5, 13 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 30782] Small stream, tributary to Rio Piraí, between Rio Claro and Lídice, Paraíba do Sul River basin, circa 22°40'S, 44°02'W, Município de Rio Claro, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6027. Paratypes: UFRJ 5684 (9), 5685 (3, c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus claudiae Barbosa & Costa 2010 -- (Barbosa & Costa 2012:79 [ref. 31901], Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus claudiae Barbosa & Costa 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraíba do Sul River basin (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

claviger, Trichogenes de Pinna [M. C. C.], Helmer [J. L.], Britski [H. A.] & Nunes [L. R.] 2010:708, Figs. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4-5, 6a-b [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 8 (no. 4); ref. 31073] Córrego Picada Comprida (tributary, in sequence, to ribeirão Braço Sul, rio Caxixe and rio Castelo), rio Itapemirim drainage, 20°30'43"S, 41°01'59"W, Municipality of Castelo, State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Holotype: MBML 3289. Paratypes: MBML 3290 (total 11, 1 c&s), MZUSP 105732 (total 6, 2 c&s). •Valid as Trichogenes claviger de Pinna, Helmer, Britski & Nunes 2010 -- (de Pinna et al. 2020:14 [ref. 37460], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichogenes claviger de Pinna, Helmer, Britski & Nunes 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichogeninae. Distribution: South America: headwaters of the rio Itapemirim drainage (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

coelhorum, Trichomycterus (Paracambeva) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Azevedo-Santos, Mattos & Katz 2023:27, Figs. 5F, 6H, 7F, 14 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 4): 206; ref. 40170] Stream tributary of Rio Uberaba, Rio Grande drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin, Veríssimo municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 19°39'21"S, 48°15'21"W, elevation about 665 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13410. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus coelhorum Costa, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2023 Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus coelhorum Costa, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Uberaba subdrainage, middle Rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

colombia, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:18, Fig. 11 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Afluente del río Oibita, Vereda las Monjas, municipio de Oiba, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 805. Paratypes: CAR, ICNMHN. •Valid as Trichomycterus colombia Ardila Rodríguez 2018 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2019:15 [ref. 36944], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:17 [ref. 40647]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus latistriatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus latistriatus (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

compactus, Ituglanis Castro [Í. S.] & Wosiacki [W. B.] 2017:208, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa 4244 (no. 2); ref. 35201] Rio Iratapuru, left tributary of the Rio Jari, Laranjal do Jari municipality, Amapá, Brazil. Holotype: INPA-ICT 053200. Paratypes: INPA, MPEG, MZUSP. •Valid as Ituglanis compactus Castro & Wosiacki 2017 -- (Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis compactus Castro & Wosiacki 2017. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Rio Iratapuru, Rio Jari drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

concolor, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1992:107, Fig. 9 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) [for 1991]; ref. 19725] Creek 20 kilometers south of Garapuava, Rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43347. Paratypes: MZUSP 42206 (47). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus concolor Costa 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:120 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672]). •Valid as Cambeva concolor (Costa 1992) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Costa et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40937], Costa et al. 2024:432 [ref. 41443]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva concolor (Costa 1992). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

conradi, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:212 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Amatuk, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53721 [ex CM 2212]. Paratypes: CAS 58257 [ex IU 11710] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus conradi (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Romero & Paulson 2001:28 [ref. 26040] [hypogean population], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], Lasso & Provenzano 2003:1146 [ref. 26951], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Bichuette & Trajano 2004:243 [ref. 27856], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2022:57 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus conradi (Eigenmann 1912). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: rRiver drainages (Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

corduvensis, Trichomycterus Weyenbergh [H.] 1877:11, Pl. 3 (figs. 1-2) [Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Buenos Aires. v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14248] Río Primero, Cordoba, Santa Fe, Argentina. Syntypes: (several) MSNG 9020 (1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:310 [ref. 10351], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155] •Valid as Trichomycterus corduvense Weyenbergh 1877 -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984:515 [ref. 8254] as corduvence, Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Butí 1998:310 [ref. 25279], López et al. 2003:39 [ref. 27366]). •Valid as Trichomycterus corduvensis Weyenbergh 1877 -- (Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Vari 2004:880 [ref. 28047], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Fernández & Vari 2009:198 [ref. 30062], Azpelicueta et al. 2010:2 [ref. 41139], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Fernández et al. 2015:10 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:366 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus corduvensis Weyenbergh 1877. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

costai, Listrura Villa-Verde [L.], Lazzarotto [H.] & Lima [S. M. Q.] 2012:529, Figs. 1-2, 3a, 4-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 32250] Small unnamed stream close to the road RJ-155 (Angra-Lídice), rio Jurumirim basin, 22°55'24.7"S, 44°18'51.4"W, Angra dos Reis Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil Holotype: MNRJ 31917. Paratypes: MNRJ 31535 (5, 2 c&s), 31918 (5); UFRJ 7214 (3), 7215 (4), 6577 (3, c&s). •Valid as Listrura costai Villa-Verde, Lazzarotto & Lima 2012 -- (Villa-Verde et al. 2014:644 [ref. 33099], Costa & Katz 2021:324 [ref. 38742], Villa-Verde et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39194]). Current status: Valid as Listrura costai Villa-Verde, Lazzarotto & Lima 2012. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: Jurumirim River basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

crassicaudatus, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2008:274, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2008 (no. 2); ref. 29627] Rio Jordão at Município de Foz do Jardão, near border with Município de Reserva do Iguaço, Estado do Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 88518. Paratypes: MHNCI 7908 (1, stained,disarticulated); MPEG 7931 (1), 13057 (1), 13058 (1); MZUSP 88517 (2), 88519 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Trichomycterus crassicaudatus Wosiacki & de Pinna 2008 -- (Datovo et al. 2012:41 [ref. 31994], Terán et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35391]). •Valid as Cambeva crassicaudata (Wosiacki & de Pinna 2008) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364], Reis et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38862], Reis et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40059], Martins et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41475]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva crassicaudata (Wosiacki & de Pinna 2008). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

crispim, Ituglanis Donin [L. M.], de Pinna [M. C. C.], Severi [W.] & Ramos [T. P. A.] 2023:4, Figs. 1-10 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 2): 230018; ref. 40190] Riacho da Volta, right tributary to Parnaíba River, Parnaíba River basin, Uruçuí, Piauí, Brazil, 07°24'18"S, 44°50'21"W. Holotype: MZUSP 126762. Paratypes: MZUSP 126756 (3), UFPB 12208 (9). •Valid as Ituglanis crispim Donin, de Pinna, Severi & Ramos 2023. Current status: Valid as Ituglanis crispim Donin, de Pinna, Severi & Ramos 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Riacho da Volta drainage, Parnaíba River basin, Piauí State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

cuao, Pygidianops Schaefer [S. A.], Provenzano [F.], de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Baskin [J. N.] 2005:5, Figs. 1-3 [American Museum Novitates No. 3496; ref. 28427] Río Cuao at Raudal Guacamaya, 8.1 miles upstream from Raudal El Danto, 5°07.71'N, 67°31.53'W, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-30917. Paratypes:AMNH 232970 (23), 232978 (11), 232933 (4), 233036 (6); MBUCV-V-29843 (1), 29922 (10), 29933 (4), 29977 (3), 29997 (7), 30105 (4); MZUSP 82104 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pygidianops cuao Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:502 [ref. 31517]). Current status: Valid as Pygidianops cuao Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin 2005. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Cuao River drainage basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

cubataonis, Trichomycterus Bizerril [C. R. S. F.] 1994:618, Figs. 1-3 [Arquivos de Biologia e Techologia (Curitaba) v. 37 (no. 3); ref. 22673] Rio Cubatão, Joinville, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 12490. Paratypes: MNRJ 12491 (9). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus zonatus (Eigenmann 1918) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Trichomycterus cubataonis Bizerril 1994 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Katz & Barbosa 2014:4 [ref. 33418], Reis & de Pinna 2019:117 [ref. 36632]). •Valid as Cambeva cubataonis (Bizerril 1994)-- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2019:11 [ref. 37163], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Costa et al. 2021:157 [ref. 38175], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364] as cf. cubataonis, Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872], Costa et al. 2023:15 [ref. 39856]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva cubataonis (Bizerril 1994). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Cubatão do Norte basin (Santa Catarina, southern Brazil). IUCN (2020): not assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

curitiensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2024:10, Figs. 3, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9, 10B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 93; ref. 41039] Quebrada Curití, afluente del río Fonce, municipio de San Gil, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 1006. Paratypes: CAR 476 (5). •Valid as Trichomycterus curitiensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus curitiensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Fonce drainage, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

daemon, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:33, Figs. 18-19 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Gaúcha do Norte, rio Coronel Vanick, rio Xingu drainage, circa 20 km from Vila do Culuene, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 13°31'34"S, 52°43'52"W. Holotype: MZUSP 103047. Paratypes: MZUSP 95597 (5). •Valid as Paracanthopoma daemon de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma daemon de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: upper rio Xingu drainage, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

dali, Trichomycterus Rizzato [P. P.], Costa [E. P. D., Jr.], Trajano [E.] & Bichuette [M. E.] 2011:479, Figs.1-12 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 31516] Bonito, Saracura Cave, 21°09'14.6"S, 56°43'22.7"W, rio Paraguai basin, Serra da Bodoquena karst area, southwestern State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, elevation 792 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 106630. Paratypes: MZUSP 81056 (1), 106631 (1), 106632 (1), 106633 (1), 106634 (1), 106635 (1), 109770 (1). •Valid as Trichomycterus dali Rizzato, Costa, Trajano & Bichuette 2011 -- (Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:49 [ref. 32163]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus dali Rizzato, Costa, Trajano & Bichuette 2011. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: caves in Serra da Bodoquena karst area (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

damnata, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Azevedo-Santos [V. M.], Ottoni [F. P.], Vilardo [P. J.] & Katz [A. M.] 2024:427, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa 5497 (no. 3); ref. 41443] Córrego do Jambreiro, Rio das Velhas drainage, Rio São Francisco basin, in the treck to Cachoeira do Boa Vista, Nova Lima Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 19°58'29"S, 43°51'39"W, elevation about 765 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12967. Paratypes: CICAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva damnata Costa, Azevedo-Santos, Ottoni, Vilardo & Katz 2024. Current status: Valid as Cambeva damnata Costa, Azevedo-Santos, Ottoni, Vilardo & Katz 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio das Velhas drainage, São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

davisi, Pygidium Haseman [J. D.] 1911:380, Pl. 77; Fig. 1 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (nos 3-4) (19); ref. 2048] Serrinha Paraná, Rio Iguaçu system, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 60309 [ex CM 2862]. Paratypes: FMNH 54242 [ex CM 2861] (9). Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus davisi (Haseman 1911) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:42 [ref. 27633], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], Miquelarena et al. 2002:78 [ref. 26517], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27366], Wosiacki & Garavello 2004:5 [ref. 27649], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Datovo et al. 2012:41 [ref. 31994], Ferrer & Malabarba 2013:217 [ref. 32750], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471], Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561] as cf. davisi, Nascimento et al. 2017:507 [ref. 35440]). •Valid as Cambeva davisi (Haseman 1911) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Koerber et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36736], Reis et al. 2019:12 [ref. 37163], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Katz & Costa 2020:11 [ref. 37397], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364], Reis et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38862], Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872], Reis et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40059], Martins et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41475], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva davisi (Haseman 1911). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná, Iguaçu and Ribeira de Iguapé River basins (Argentina and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

depinnai, Listrura Villa-Verde [L.], Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2014:642, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2013 (no. 4); ref. 33099] Rio Grande do Sul state, Municipality of Viamão, Âguas Claras, Rio Gravataí basin, Laguna dos Patos system, swamp/ on the wildlife reserve Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos, 30°05'52"S, 50°51'05"W, Brazil. Holotype: UFRGS 17135. Paratypes: UFRGS 16383 (1). •Valid as Listrura depinnai Ville-Verde, Ferrer & Malabarba 2014 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Costa & Katz 2021:300 [ref. 38742], Ferrer 2021:218 [ref. 38890], Villa-Verde et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39194], Costa et al. 2023:487 [ref. 40182], Medeiros et al. 2024:18 [ref. 41476]). Current status: Valid as Listrura depinnai Villa-Verde, Ferrer & Malabarba 2014. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Gravataí basin, Laguna dos Patos system (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

diabolicus, Urinophilus Myers [G. S.] 1927:132 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Iquitos, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 59940 [ex IU 17701]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Urinophilus diabolicus Myers 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Plectrochilus diabolicus (Myers 1927) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Plectrochilus diabolicus (Myers 1927). Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

diabolus, Trichomycterus Bockmann [F. A.], Casatti [L.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2004:227, Figs. 1-11 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 27855] Rio Paranapanema basin, município de Teodoro Sampaio, Morro do Diabo State Park, Córrego São Carlos, 22°35'28.0"S, 52°14'38.1"W, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 78860. Paratypes: LIRP 1128-32 (21, 15, 39, 15, 3), 1134-35 (3, 12), 1672 (52), 3456 (7, 2 c&s); MNRJ 23140 (6); MZUSP 78861 (6); NUP 3277 (10); ZUEC 6223 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Oliveira et al. 2022:30 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Trichomycterus diabolus Bockmann, Casatti & de Pinna 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2008:176 [ref. 29961], Barbosa & Costa 2010:194 [ref. 31070], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Katz & Barbosa 2014:3 [ref. 33418]). •Valid as Cambeva diabola (Bockmann, Casatti & de Pinna 2004) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2019:12 [ref. 37163], Katz & Costa 2020:11 [ref. 37397], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364], Reis et al. 2021:18 [ref. 38862], Costa et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39261], Reis et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40059], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva diabola (Bockmann, Casatti & de Pinna 2004). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Paranapanema and Tibagi River basins (São Paulo, southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

diamantinensis, Trichomycterus (Psammocambeva) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.] & Katz [A. M.] 2024:225, Figs. 2-3, 4A-C [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 100 (no. 1); ref. 40868] Rio da Bomba, tributary of Rio Preto, Rio Santo Antônio drainage, Rio Paraguaçu basin, Vale do Capão district, Palmeiras Municipality, Bahia State, Brazil, 12°39'35"S, 41°29'14"W, elevation about 980 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13688. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus diamantinensis Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus diamantinensis Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Santo Antônio drainage, Rio Paraguaçu basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

diaphanus, Ammoglanis Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1994:208, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 5 (no. 3); ref. 21567] Stream tributary to Rio Javaés, Rio Araguaia basin, about 40 kilometers north of Araguaçú, 12°24'S, 49°58'W, Tocantin State, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 12442. Paratypes: MNRJ 12443 (1); MZUSP 45766 (1); UFRJ 1423 (2), 1424 (1, c&s), 1425 (1, c&s, dissected). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:403 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ammoglanis diaphanus Costa 1994 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Costa & Le Bail 1999:1028 [ref. 24187], de Pinna & Winemiller 2000:256 [ref. 25070], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:272 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:403 [ref. 29155], Mattos et al. 2008:161 [ref. 29875], Mattos & Lima 2010:233 [ref. 31040], Costa et al. 2019:66 [ref. 37125], Henschel et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37837]). Current status: Valid as Ammoglanis diaphanus Costa 1994. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Araguaia River drainage, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

diatropoporos, Trichomycterus Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2013:227, Figs. 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 10, 11a, 12 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 32750] Rio Grande do Sul, municipality of Nova Prata, rio da Prata on Passo do Despraiado, 28°38'04"S, 51°36'53"W, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 46947. Paratypes: Many at MCP, MCN, UFRGS. Plus Non-type material. •Valid as Trichomycterus diatropoporos Ferrer & Malabarba 2013 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561]). •Valid as Cambeva diatropoporos (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Costa et al. 2020:720 [ref. 37907], Ferrer 2021:228 [ref. 38890], Costa et al. 2022:153 [ref. 39052]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva diatropoporos (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos system (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

difficilis, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024:345, Figs. 2A-C, 3, 4 [Taxonomy v. 4 (no. 2); ref. 41163] Rio da Cachoeira, 2.6 km below Cachoeira dos Pretos, Rio Tietê drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Município de Joanópolis, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil, 22°57'15"S, 46°10'46"W, elevation about 870 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13962. Paratypes: UFRJ 5772 (1), 5773 (1), 13963 (1). •Valid as Cambeva difficilis Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Current status: Valid as Cambeva difficilis Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tietê drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

diffusa, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:662, Figs. 1, 11A, 12A, 13A [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Rio Urubici, Rio Canoas drainage, Rio Uruguai basin, Urubici Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°01'37"S, 49°35'20"W, elevation about 935 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6968. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva diffusa Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva diffusa Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Canoas drainage, Rio Uruguai basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

dispar, Pygidium Tschudi [J. J. von] 1846:22, Pl. 3 [Untersuchungen über die Fauna Peruana; ref. 4469] Streams of the Andean Cordillera, Peru, elevation to 14000 feet. Syntypes: (several) MHNN 767 (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:149 [ref. 21784], Kottelat 1987:52 [ref. 25858], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus dispar (Tschudi 1846) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:35 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Valenzuela et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40815] as aff. dispar). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus dispar (Tschudi 1846). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

donascimientoi, Trichomycterus Castellanos-Morales [C. A.] 2018:119, Figs. 1-5 [Biota Colombiana v. 19 (Sup. 1); ref. 35988] Cueva de Gedania, vereda Casas Blancas, 6 km South of town, near quebrada La Gran Curí, middle Suárez River drainage, Magdalena River system, 06°08'07.9"N, 73°35'50.4"W, elevation 1871 meters. Holotype: CAC-CDMB 224. Paratypes: CAC-CDMB, CAR, IAVHP, ICN-MHN, MLS, UIS-T. •Valid as Trichomycterus donascimientoi Castellanos-Morales 2018 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:5 [ref. 40606], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus donascimientoi Castellanos-Morales 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Gedania cave, Gran Curí River drainage, Magdalena River basin, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsostriatum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:695 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Villavicencio, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 58096 [ex CM 7093]. Paratypes: CAS 64579 [ex IU 13810] (2), FMNH 58097 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:417 [ref. 29155]. Appeared initially as dorsotriatum but as dorsostriatum in other Eigenmann publications; dorsotriatus regarded as a typographical error by WNE, Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155] who disagrees. •Valid as Trichomycterus dorsostriatum (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Trichomycterus dorsostriatus (Eigenmann 1971) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:417-418 [ref. 29155] as dorsotriatus and dated 1918, Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:77 [ref. 35773]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus dorsostriatus (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: River drainages in Villavicencio, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

draco, Microcambeva Mattos [J. L. O.] & Lima [S. M. Q.] 2010:234, Figs. 1-5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 31040] Rio Jucuruçu basin, next to Itamaraju, 17°01'10"S, 39°34'57"N, Bahia State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 27796. Paratypes: MCP 17796 (1, c&s). •Valid as Microcambeva draco Mattos & Lima 2010 -- (Costa et al. 2019:1848 [ref. 37015], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2019:580 [ref. 37198], Costa et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37273], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809], Medeiros et al. 2020:121 [ref. 38015], Costa & Katz 2021:331 [ref. 38742], Medeiros et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38396], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva draco Mattos & Lima 2010. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: lower Atlantic Forest drainages, southern Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

duellmani, Trichomycterus Arratia [G.] & Menu-Marque [S.] 1984:510, Figs. 14-15 [Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie v. 111 (no. 4); ref. 8254] Río Tupiza, 12.5 kilometers southeast of Tupiza, Bolivia, 22°33'S, 65°45'W. Holotype: KU 20191. Paratypes: KU 20192-93 (5, 1), 20194 (5, c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus duellmani Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984 -- (Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Datovo et al. 2012:35 [ref. 31994], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus duellmani Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Tupiza River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

duplimaculata, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:675, Figs. 7, 11G, 12G, 13G [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Rio Barrinha, a tributary of the upper Rio Pelotas, Rio Uruguai basin, Bom Jardim da Serra Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°20'24"S, 49°36'59"W, elevation about 1,245 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6949. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva duplimaculata Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva duplimaculata Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Pelotas drainage, upper Rio Uruguai basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

echthrus, Megalocentor de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Britski [H. A.] 1991:116, Figs. 3, 4 (a-b) [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 13595] Rio Madeira, Calama, Praia do Caraparu, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 41879. Paratypes: AMNH 94438 [ex MZUSP 30387] (1); MZUSP 5897 (1), 23429 (1), 23543 (1), 26192 (4), 27824 (1), 30377-79 (2, 2, 1), 30380 (3, 1 c&s), 30381-86 (1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1), 30388-90 (1, 1, 1), 30391 (2, 1 c&s), 30392-96 (1, 2, 1, 3, 1); USNM 316024 (1) Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Megalocentor echthrus de Pinna & Britski 1991 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:4 [ref. 24302], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2015:945 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], DoNacimiento in Lasso & Morales-Betancourt 2022:260 [ref. 40783]). Current status: Valid as Megalocentor echthrus de Pinna & Britski 1991. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

eichhorniarum, Trichomycterus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1912:27 [Loricariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae e Trichomycteridae Annexo no. 5; ref. 3718] Cácares, Rio Paraguay, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 780A. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 780B (1). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:405 [ref. 12732], Miranda Ribeiro 1954:8 [ref. 21988], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:405 [ref. 12732]. •Valid as Trichomycterus eichorniarum Miranda Ribeiro 1912 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Azpelicueta & Garcia 1994:28 [ref. 24733], Britski et al. 1999:92 [ref. 24147], Koerber & Azpelicueta 2014:599 correction of spelling). •Valid as Ituglanis eichhorniarum (Miranda Ribeiro 1912) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:43 [ref. 21010], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:277 [ref. 26539] as eichorniarus, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061] as eichorniarum, López et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27366] as eichorniarum, de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27381] as eichorniarum, Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Fernández 2005:124 [ref. 29374], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565] dated 1902, Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis eichhorniarum (Miranda Ribeiro 1912). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Paraná River and upper Paraguay River basin: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Pygidianops Myers [G. S.] 1944:592, Pls. 52-53 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 23 (no. 40); ref. 3123] Rock pools below São Gabriel Rapids, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 11120. Paratypes: CAS 11121 (now 9, 1 cleared), CAS-SU 36557 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:45 [ref. 12291], Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pygidianops eigenmanni Myers 1944 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], Costa & Bockmann 1994:70 [ref. 21364], Nico & de Pinna 1996:29 [ref. 22300], de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002:721 [ref. 26545], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], Schaefer et al. 2005:5 [ref. 28427], Proudlove 2006:268 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:502 [ref. 31517], Taphorn et al. 2022:57 [ref. 41297] as cf. eigenmanni). Current status: Valid as Pygidianops eigenmanni Myers 1944. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Trichomycterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1898:8 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino v. 13 (no. 329); ref. 14677] Cumbaca [unknown], Brazil. Holotype: MCZ 8301. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. New name for Pygidium kneri of Eigenmann 1889 (not of Steindachner). •Valid as Trichomycterus eigenmanni Boulenger 1898 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2014:726 [ref. 33632]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

elysium, Copionodon de Pinna [M. C. C.], Burger [R.] & Zanata [A. M.] 2018:[2], Figs. 1-5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 16 (no. 2) (e170146); ref. 35972] Riacho Águas Claras, tributary of Rio Mucugezinho, itself tributary of Rio Santo Antonio, Rio Paraguaçu drainage, Vale do Capão near Morrão outcrop, Município de Palmeiras, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia State, Brazil, 12°31'19"S, 41°28'52"W. Holotype: MZUSP 120631. Paratypes: MZUSP, UFBA. •Valid as Copionodon elysium de Pinna, Burger & Zanata 2018 -- (Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Copionodon elysium de Pinna, Burger & Zanata 2018. Trichomycteridae: Copionodontinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Santo Antonio drainage, upper Rio Paraguaçu basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

emanueli, Pygidium emanueli Schultz [L. P.] 1944:259, Pl. 5 (fig. C) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río Chama at Estanques, Mérida State, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121223. Paratypes: G. Dahl [ex USNM] (2); MCZ 37214 [ex USNM] (5); UMMZ 141936 [ex USNM 121224] (5); USNM 121224 (orig. 51, now 33), 121225 (orig. 19, now 16), 121226 (14); ZMA 102117 (2); ZSI F2254/2 [ex USNM] (3), F2255/2 [ex USNM] (3). Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:131-132 [ref. 20743], Nijssen et al. 1982:62 [ref. 19236], Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. Described both as a new species and new subspecies. •Valid as Trichomycterus emanueli (Schultz 1944) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:[7] [ref. 32732], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:10 [ref. 34399], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:10 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus emanueli (Schultz 1944). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Chama River basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

epikarsticus, Ituglanis Bichuette [M. E.] & Trajano [E.] 2004:248, Figs. 4-6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 27856] São Mateus Cave, rimstone dams, 13°40'S, 46°22'W, Terra Ronca State Park, São Domingos, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 79869. Paratypes: MZUSP 79870-72 (1, 2 c&s, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ituglanis epikarsticus Bichuette & Trajano 2004 -- (Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Proudlove 2006:150 [ref. 28992], Campos-Paiva & Costa 2007:58 [ref. 29139], Castellanos-Morales 2007:49 [ref. 29323], Bichuette & Trajano 2008:13 [ref. 29571], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Rizzato & Bichuette 2015:577 [ref. 33676], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis epikarsticus Bichuette & Trajano 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Rimstone dams in São Mateus Cave, São Domingos, Tocantins River basin, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

erythrurus, Urinophilus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:114, Pls. 3 (figs. 5-7), 4 (10-16) [Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde v. 22; ref. 1242] Río Morona, Peru. Holotype: CAS 64599 [ex IU 15884]. Paratypes: (10) CAS 64600 [ex IU 15584] (6). Additional material: CAS 64601 [ex IU 15714] (1), 64602 [ex IU 15715] (3), 64603 [ex IU 15717] (1), CAS 64404 [ex IU 15713] (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. Type designated in Pl. 4 (fig. 16). •Valid as Urinophilus erythrurus Eigenmann 1922 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Plectrochilus erythrurus (Eigenmann 1922) -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

espinhacensis, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Mattos, Barbosa, Vilardo & Katz 2023:16, Figs. 3C, 5C, 6C, 7C, 10 [Fishes v. 8: 474; ref. 40511] Rio Preto, tributary of Rio Guanhães, Rio Santo Antônio drainage, Rio Doce basin, Santo Antônio do Imbé Municipality, Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 18°27'49"S, 43°18'26"W, elevation about 715 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13483. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Trichomycterus espinhacensis Costa & Katz 2023 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus espinhacensis Costa & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Santo Antônio drainage, Rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

exotatos, Copionodon de Pinna [M. C. C.], Abrahão [V. P.], Reis [V.] & Zanata [A. M.] 2018:3, Figs. 1-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 16 (no. 4): 180049; ref. 36361] Exit of rock-enclosed sector of right-hand branch of riacho do Mosquito immediately upstream from Cachoeira do Mosquito, itself a tributary of rio Santo Antônio, rio Paraguaçu basin, Lençóis, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil,12°22'15.64"S, 41°22'15.85"W. Holotype: MZUSP 123522. Paratypes: MZUSP. In the figures the holotype is MZUSP 120631. •Valid as Copionodon exotatos de Pinna, Abrahão, Reis & Zanata 2018 -- (Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Copionodon exotatos de Pinna, Abrahão, Reis & Zanata 2018. Trichomycteridae: Copionodontinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Santo Antônio drainage, rio Paraguaçu basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

fassli, Pygidium Steindachner [F.] 1915:200 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 52 (no. 17); ref. 15071] Río Songo in North Yungas, upper Amazon River system, Bolivia. Syntypes: (4) NMW 44470 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. Species originally spelled fassli in above abstract, spelling changed to fasslii when later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1915:97 [p. 83 of separate], Pl. 13 (figs. 1-2) [ref. 4244]; also in Steindachner 1917 [ref. 15259]. •Valid as Trichomycterus fassli (Steindachner 1915) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Fernández 2005:123 [ref. 29374], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus fassli (Steindachner 1915). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Songo River basin, western Amazon basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

ferreri, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:15, Fig. 8 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Río Villeta, municipio de Villeta, Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, elevation 877 meters. Holotype: CAR 807. Paratypes: CAR. •Valid as Trichomycterus ferreri Ardila Rodríguez 2018 -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus ferreri Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Villeta basin, Departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

filamentosa, Microcambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.] & Vilardo [P.] in Costa, Vilardo & Katz 2020:13, Figs. 1, 2A, 3A-B, 4 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 285; ref. 37273] Rio Preto close to the STB-420 road, tributary of the Rio Ipiranga, which is a tributary of the Rio Juquiá, Rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, Município de Sete Barras, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil, 24°11'36"S, 47°53'26"W, elevation about 25 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12187. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Microcambeva filamentosa Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2020 -- (Costa & Katz 2021:333 [ref. 38742]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva filamentosa Costa, Katz & Vilardo 2020. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: Rio Preto drainage, Ribeira de Iguape basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

flabelliferus, Ochmacanthus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:213 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Konawaruk, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 53263 [ex CM 1729]. Paratypes: CAS 58436 [ex IU 12111] (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:79 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:61 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ochmacanthus flabelliferus Eigenmann 1912 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:947 [ref. 34078], Taphorn et al. 2022:56 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Ochmacanthus flabelliferus Eigenmann 1912. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: river drainages (Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

flavopicta, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2020:716, Figs. 1-2 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 96 (no. 2); ref. 37907] Rio Inferno Grande, Rio Canoas drainage, upper Rio Uruguai basin, município de Campos Novos, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil, 27°21'29"S, 51°01'02"W, elevation about 910 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12665. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva flavopicta Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2020 -- (Ferrer 2021:230 [ref. 38890], Costa et al. 2022:153 [ref. 39052], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva flavopicta Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Canoas drainage, upper Uruguay River basin (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

florense, Pygidium Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1943:1, Fig. [Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia, Nova Série No. 9; ref. 10390] Rio das Flores, near Ipiabas, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 3751. Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1954:9 [ref. 21988] as florence, Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared in Miranda Ribeiro 1944:1 [ref. 9906]. •Valid as Trichomycterus florense (Miranda Ribeiro 1943) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus alternatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus santaeritae (Eigenmann 1918) -- (Costa et al. 2020:2923 [ref. 37529]). •Valid as Trichomycterus florensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1943) -- (Barbosa & Costa 2010:120 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Costa 2012:82 [ref. 31901], Reis & de Pinna 2022:23 [ref. 39360]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus florensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1943). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio das Flores drainage (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

fuliginosus, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2010:108, Figs. 2a, 4, 15 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 30782] Ribeirão da Rifa, tributary of Rio Santíssimo, Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, ca. 21°56'S, 41°57'W, Município de Santa Maria Madalena, Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, elevation about 800 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6029. Paratypes: UFRJ 718 (5), 3248 (1), 18177 (4 c&s) •Valid as Trichomycterus fuliginosus Barbosa & Costa 2010 -- (Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus fuliginosus Barbosa & Costa 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin (Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

funebris, Trichomycterus Katz [A. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa & Katz 2021:10, Figs. 2B, 2L, 3G-H, 4B, 4L [Systematics and Biodiversity v. 19 (no. 6); ref. 38252] Upper Rio das Mortes close to secondary road near the road MG-132 and the village of Nossa Senhora das Dores, Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Município de Barbacena, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, 21°12'31"S, 43°36'57"W, elevation ca. 1100 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 10216. Paratypes: MZUSP, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus funebris Katz & Costa 2021 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus funebris Katz & Costa 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio das Mortes subdrainage, Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraná basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

fuscum, Pygidium Meyen [F. J. F.] 1834:475 [Reise um die Erde; ref. 2984] Brook at Piche-pichun village, Pisacoma District, Chucuito Province, Peru, tributary of Lake Titicaca. Holotype: lost. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. Described in footnote. •Valid as Trichomycterus fuscus (Meyen 1834) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708] dated 1835, Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860] dated 1835). •Species inquirenda in Trichomycteridae -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:287 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gabrieli, Pygidium Myers [G. S.] 1926:151 [Copeia No. 156; ref. 12337] Rock pools below rapids of São Gabriel, Rio Negro, Amazon system, Brazil. Syntypes: CAS 64583 (4), CAS-SU 36556 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:45 [ref. 12291], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155] •Valid as Trichomycterus gabrieli (Myers 1926) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus gabrieli (Myers 1926). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Upper Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gairaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:8, Fig. 2 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Río Gaira, municipio de Santa Marta, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 783. Paratypes: CAR, CZUT-IC. •Valid as Trichomycterus gairaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus gairaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Gaira drainange, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

galactica, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024:203, Figs. 2, 3, 4A-C [Evolutionary Systematics v. 8; ref. 41551] Stream tributary of Rio Preto, itself a tributary of Rio Negro, Rio Iguaçu drainage, Rio Paraná basin, village of Volta Grande, Rio Negrinho Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°33'04"S, 49°40'14"W, elevation about 970 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 14064. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva galactica Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Current status: Valid as Cambeva galactica Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro drainage, Rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

galvisi, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2024:8, Figs. 1, 5A, 7A, 8B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 98; ref. 41346] Cueva de La Vaca, municipio de Curití, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 1028. Paratypes: CAR 43 (9). •Valid as Trichomycterus galvisi Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus galvisi Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Cueva de La Vaca, municipio de Curití, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

gamabelardense, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2022:124, Figs. 1-2 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 45 (no. 1); ref. 39212] Stream tributary to the middle section of the Rio Chapecó, close to Parque Quedas do Chapecó, Rio Uruguai basin, Abelardo Luz municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°33'06"S, 52°19'17"W, elevation about 755 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 7003. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva gamabelardense Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2022. Current status: Valid as Cambeva gamabelardense Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Chapecó River drainage, upper Uruguay River basin, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gambitaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:10, Figs. 3, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 90; ref. 40647] Río Huertas, afluente del río Tolotá, cuenca del Río Suárez, municipio de Gámbita, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1915 meters. Holotype: CAR 999. Paratypes: CAR 994 (6). •Valid as Trichomycterus gambitaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus gambitaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Tolotá drainage, Río Suárez basin, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

garbei, Trichomycterus (Cryptocambeva) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Azevedo-Santos, Mattos & Katz 2023:7, Figs. 4, 5A, 6A, 7A [Fishes v. 8 (no. 4): 206; ref. 40170] Stream tributary of Rio Canoas, which is a tributary of Rio Grande at Estreito dam, road Cristais Paulista to Mascarenhas, Cristais Paulista municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, 20°18'07"S, 47°18'45"W, elevation about 715 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12917. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus garbei Costa, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2023 Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus garbei Costa, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Canoas subdrainage, middle Rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

garciamarquezi, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2016:13, Figs. 5E, 6B, 9 [No. 2; ref. 35108] Río Tucurinca, parte baja, Sierra Nevada de Santa Maria, municipio de Tucurinca, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 682. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH-P, ICNMHN. •Valid as Trichomycterus garciamarquezi Ardila Rodríguez 2016 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:12 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus garciamarquezi Ardila Rodríguez 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Tucurinca basin, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

gasparinii, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] 2013:272, Figs. 3-4 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 63 (no. 3); ref. 33106] Estado do Espírito Santo, Município de Fundão, stream around the Park Goiapaba-Açu, tributary of rio Reis Magos basin, 19°54'60"S, 40°27'86"W, [probably 19°55'30"S, 40°27'28"W], Brazil, altitude about 660 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 8157. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus gasparinii Barbosa 2013 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus gasparinii Barbosa 2013. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: stream around the Park Goiapaba-Açu, Espírito Santo (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

gelatinosus, Malacoglanis Myers [G. S.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 1966:282, Figs. 3-4 [Journal of Zoology (London) v. 149; ref. 3136] Río Orteguasa, above junction with River Caquetá, Caquetá Province, eastern Colombia. Holotype: CAS-SU 50754. Paratypes: CAS-SU 50755 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Malacoglanis gelatinosus Myers & Weitzman 1966 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Starnes 1990:76 [ref. 19505], Costa & Bockmann 1994:716 [ref. 21339], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Proudlove 2006:269 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155], Mattos et al. 2008:161 [ref. 29875], Mattos & Lima 2010:233 [ref. 31040], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745] as Malocoglanis, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Montoya-Ospina et al. 2018:103 [ref. 35739]). Current status: Valid as Malacoglanis gelatinosus Myers & Weitzman 1966. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Río Orteguasa drainage, Colombia and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

giarettai, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Katz [A. M.] 2016:262, Fig. 1 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 66 (no. 3); ref. 34950] Small stream tributary of the rio Parnaíba, Rio Parnaíba basin, Município de Cumari, Estado de Goias, Brazil, circa 18°22’52’’S, 48°06’56’’W, elevation about 590 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 10109. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus giarettai Barbosa & Katz 2016 -- (Costa et al. 2022:162 [ref. 39290]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus giarettai Barbosa & Katz 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Upper Rio Parnaíba basin, Goias, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gigantea, Vandellia Cornalia [E.] 1849:15, Figs. 4-5 [Vertebratorum Synopsis in Museo mediolanense extantium quae per novum orbem Cajetanus Osculati collegit; ref. 23917] Rio Napo, Brazil. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. There is some question if this appeared as gigentea or gigantea. Treated by Cagnolaro & Violani 1988:434 [ref. 23916] as a nomen oblitum [forgotten name] as a senior synonym of Vandellia wieneri Pellegrin 1909. Treated as a synonym by Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

giganteus, Trichomycterus Lima [S. M. Q.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2004:2, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa No. 761; ref. 27979] Rio Guandu-Mirim, Rio Guandu basin, Campo Grande, Município do Rio de Janeiro, Estado do rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 5999. Paratypes: MCP 35028 (4); UFRJ 5399 (4), 5730 (10), 5732 (2 c&s), 5733 (2 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus giganteus Lima & Costa 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus giganteus Lima & Costa 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Guandu River basin, Serra do Mendanha (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

gironensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:17, Fig. 10 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Río de Oro, parte alta del río Legrija, Vereda de Chocoita, municipio de Girón, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, 7°04'23"N, 73°10'05"O, elevation 777 meters. Holotype: CAR 808. Paratypes: CAR. •Valid as Trichomycterus gironensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez 2007 -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez 2007. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

goeldii, Trichomycterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1896:154 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 18 (no. 104) (art. 23); ref. 14603] Brooks at Colonia Alpina, Organ Mts., Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, elevation nearly 2600 feet. Syntypes: BMNH 1896.4.4.7-8 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus goeldii Boulenger 1896 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Reis & de Pinna 2022:90 [ref. 39360], Costa et al. 2022:513 [ref. 39820] in subgenus Psammocambeva, Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus goeldii Boulenger 1896. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

gorgona, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Schaefer [S. A.] 2005:69, Figs. 1-3 [Copeia 2005 (no. 1); ref. 28090] Freshwatrer stream near northeastern end of Isla Gorgona, 2°59'N, 78°11'30"W, Dept. Cauca, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 149946. Paratypes: ICNMHN 10019 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:39 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Trichomycterus gorgona Fernández & Schaefer 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Rizzato et al. 2011:485 [ref. 31516], Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:52 [ref. 32163], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus gorgona Fernández & Schaefer 2005. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Gorgona Island, Pacific coast of Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

gouldingi, Stauroglanis de Pinna [M. C. C.] 1989:7, Figs. 1-3 [American Museum Novitates No. 2950; ref. 12630] Cachoeira do Aracu, River Daraá (River Negro drainage system), Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 31088. Paratypes: MZUSP 30411 (1, partly dissected, c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Stauroglanis gouldingi de Pinna 1989 -- (Costa & Bockmann 1994:716 [ref. 21339], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Costa & Le Bail 1999:1028 [ref. 24187], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], Zuanon & Sazima 2004:201 [ref. 27876], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], Mattos et al. 2008:161 [ref. 29875], Mattos & Lima 2010:233 [ref. 31040]). Current status: Valid as Stauroglanis gouldingi de Pinna 1989. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Daraá River, Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

goya, Ituglanis Datovo [A.], Aquino [P. P. U. de] & Langeani [F.] 2016:441, Figs. 1, 2, 4A, 5A [Zootaxa 4171 (no. 3); ref. 34783] Ribeirão Cocal, under bridge of GO-118 Road, Rio Tocantins basin, district of São Gabriel de Goiás, Planaltina, Goiás, Brazil, 15°16'15"S, 47°33'06"W. Holotype: MZUSP 119759. Paratypes: ANSP, CIUnB, DZSJRP, DZUFRGS, INPA, LIRP, MCP, MNRJ, MPEG, MZUEL, MZUSP, USNM, ZUEC. Type catalog: Andrade et al. 2017:442 [ref. 35588], Oliveira et al. 2022:30 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Ituglanis goya Datovo, Aquino & Langeani 2016 -- (Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis goya Datovo, Aquino & Langeani 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Upper Paraná and Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil, Habitat: freshwater.

gracilior, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1912:213 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Erukin, Potaro River system, Guyana. Holotype (unique): FMNH 53264 [ex CM 1730]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus gracilior (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Lasso & Provenzano 2003:1146 [ref. 26951]). •Valid as Ituglanis gracilior (Eigenmann 1912) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:43 [ref. 21010], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:277 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Wosiacki et al. 2012:551 [ref. 32291], Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Taphorn et al. 2022:56 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis gracilior (Eigenmann 1912). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Schultzichthys Dahl [G.] 1960:312, Figs. 4-5 [Novedades Colombianas v. 1 (no. 5); ref. 5836] Caño Lozada, about 15 kilometers above its junction with Río Guayabero, Río Orinoco system, Colombia. Holotype: not researched. Paratypes: (2) plus (1, skeleton). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Schultzichthys gracilis Dahl 1960 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:951 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35773] not Colombia). Current status: Valid as Schultzichthys gracilis Dahl 1960. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: Cuayabero River, Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

gracilis, Trichomycterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:497 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Río Azangaro near Guasacona, Río Guatanai near Cusco, Río Pontezualo near Coroico, Compucila west of Cuzco, Peru, elevation 14,000 feet. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3129 (2) Río Pontezualo, 0000-4063 (2) Río Azangaro, A-9766 (6) Río Guatanai, B-0588 (2) Compucila. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:61 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus gracilis Valenciennes 1846 -- (Arratia 1998:354 [ref. 23661]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

graciosa, Homodiaetus Koch [W. R.] 2002:44, Fig. 5 [Iheringia, Série Zoologia (Porto Alegre) v. 92 (no. 3); ref. 26425] Rio Florestal, Rio Sagrado, Morretes, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 19618. Paratypes: MCP 12844 (12, 2 c&s), 19250 (2); MZUSP 24806 (8), 38613 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Homodiaetus graciosa Koch 2002 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:944 [ref. 34078], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Homodiaetus graciosa Koch 2002. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: coastal basins of southeastern Brazil in states of Paraná and São Paulo, southeastern Mata Atlantica (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

grisea, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:673, Figs. 6, 11F, 12F, 13F [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Rio Pio, Rio Mãe Luzia drainage, Rio Araranguá basin, village of Santo Antônio, Treviso Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°29'17"S, 49°30'45"W, elevation about 300 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6936. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva grisea Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva grisea Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Araranguá basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

guacamaya, Typhlobelus Schaefer [S. A.], Provenzano [F.], de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Baskin [J. N.] 2005:14, Figs. 7-8 [American Museum Novitates No. 3496; ref. 28427] Río Cuao at Raudal Guacamaya, 8.1 miles upstream from Raudal El Danto, 5°07.71'N, 67°31.63'W, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V-30916. Paratypes: AMNH 232974 (3, 1 c&s), 233711 (2); MBUCV-V-29904 (3), 30006 (1); MZUSP 81770 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Typhlobelus guacamaya Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:503 [ref. 31517], de Pinna & Zuanon 2013:452 [ref. 32921]). Current status: Valid as Typhlobelus guacamaya Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin 2005. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Cuao River, Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

guacamayoensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:5, Figs. 1-3, 5-9 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 11; ref. 35926] Cueva La Guacamaya, Vereda Yariguíes, cuenca Río Suárez, Municipio El Guacamayo, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, 06°14'56"N, 73°29'56"W, elevation 1950 meters. Holotype: CAR 795. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH. •Valid as Trichomycterus guacamayoensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018 -- (Mesa S. et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35987], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:5 [ref. 40606], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus latistriatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus latistriatus (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gualcamayo, Silvinichthys Fernández [L.], Sanabria [E. A.] & Quiroga [L. B.] 2013:368, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 4); ref. 32531] El Chepical, Río Gaulcamayo, 29°45'09.9"S, 68°45'25.4"W, Provincia de San Juan, Departmento Jachal, Argentina, altitude 2324 meters. Holotype: MCN 1518. Paratypes: MCN 1531 (2), MCN 1532 (1 c&s). •Valid as Silvinichthys gualcamayo Fernández, Sanabria & Quiroga 2013 -- (Fernández et al. 2014:380 [ref. 33141], Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Liotta 2016:379 [ref. 34919], Fernández et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35112]). Current status: Valid as Silvinichthys gualcamayo Fernández, Sanabria & Quiroga 2013. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Gaulcamayo, Andean cordillera of San Juan, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

guapa, Scleronema Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2020:11, Figs. 6-7 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190081; ref. 37587] Sanga Santo Antônio, tributary of rio Ibicuí da Armada, rio Ibicuí basin, lower rio Uruguay, Rosário do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 30°17'41"S, 54°59'17"W. Holotype: UFRGS 23500. Paratypes: LIRP, MCN, MCP, UFRGS. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Scleronema guapa Ferrer & Malabarba 2020 -- (Ferrer 2021:237 [ref. 38890], Costa et al. 2022:91 [ref. 39059]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema guapa Ferrer & Malabarba 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Ibicuí basin, a tributary to the left bank of rio Uruguay (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

guaraquessaba, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] 2005:51, Fig. 2 [Zootaxa No. 1040; ref. 28568] Rio Bracinho, Fazenda Salto Dourado, Município de Guaraqueçaba, Paraná State, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 7916. Paratypes: MPEG 7917 (2, c&s); MHNCI 7916 (3); MZUSP 85531 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus guaraquessaba Wosiacki 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471]). •Valid as Cambeva guaraquessaba (Wosiacki 2005) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364], Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872], Costa et al. 2024:344 [ref. 41163]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva guaraquessaba (Wosiacki 2005). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Bracinho River drainage, southeastern Mata Atlantica (Paraná, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

guaratuba, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.], Dalcin [R. H.], Abilhoa [V.] & Katz [A. M.] 2023:17, Figs. 7D, 8D, 9D, 12 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 39856] Rio Imbira, a tributary of Rio São João, Baía de Guaratuba system, Guaratuba Municipality, Paraná State, Brazil, 25°57'31"S, 48°53'58"W, elevation about 105 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13296. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva guaratuba Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Dalcin, Abilhoa & Katz 2023. Current status: Valid as Cambeva guaratuba Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Dalcin, Abilhoa & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio São João drainage, Baía de Guaratuba basin, Paraná State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

guareiensis, Cambeva Katz [A. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2020:3, Figs. 1-3 [Tropical Zoology v. 33 (no. 1); ref. 37397] Correntes waterfall in Guareí River of the Paranapanema River drainage, Angatuba Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil, 23°26'05"S, 48°23'19"W, elevation approximately 650 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12173. Paratypes: MNRJ, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva guareiensis Katz & Costa 2020 -- (Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva guareiensis Katz & Costa 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paranapanema River drainage, upper Paraná basin (São Paulo State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

guayaberensis, Pygidium metae Dahl [G.] 1960:307, Fig. 2 [Novedades Colombianas v. 1 (no. 5); ref. 5836] Small pond in a brook tributary to Río Guayabero, about 1 kilometer from mouth of the brook, Orinoco System, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 435. Paratypes: (17). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:35 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Ituglanis guayaberensis (Dahl 1960) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis guayaberensis (Dahl 1960). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Guayabero River basin, Orinoco River drainage, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

guianensis, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1909:11 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Aruataima Falls, upper Potaro River, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 52676 [ex CM 1003]. Paratypes: FMNH 53721 (1), CAS 58257 [ex IU 11710] (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:72 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus guianensis (Eigenmann 1909) (often as guianense) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:274 [ref. 26539], Lasso & Provenzano 2003:1146 [ref. 26951], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Taphorn et al. 2022:57 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus guianensis (Eigenmann 1909). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: coastal river drainages (French Guiana, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

gyrinura, Listrura Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2023:477, Figs. 1, 2, 3a-c [Journal of Natural History v. 57 (nos. 9/12); ref. 40182] Stream tributary to Rio da Madre, Sertão do Campo village, Paulo Lopes Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 27.920°S, 48.692°W. Holotype: UFRJ 6927. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Listrura gyrinura Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2023. Current status: Valid as Listrura gyrinura Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Rio da Madre drainage, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

haemomyzon, Homodiaetus Myers [G. S.] 1942:98, Fig. 4 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 3121] Río Guarico at Calabozo, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS-SU 36500. Paratypes: CAS-SU 36501-02 (2, 1), 36503 (5, now 4); USNM 130632 [ex CAS-SU 36501] (1), 130638 [ex CAS-SU 36503] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:44 [ref. 12291], Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Homodiaetus haemomyzon Myers 1942 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Pseudostegophilus haemomyzon (Myers 1942) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:950 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Pseudostegophilus haemomyzon (Myers 1942). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

hasemani, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1914:48 [Indiana University Studies No. 20; ref. 1230] Santarém, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56424 [ex CM 5238]. Paratypes: (numerous, CM and IU) CAS 64584 [ex IU 13334, CM 5239] (36), FMNH 56425 (312). Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus hasemani (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna 1998:298 [ref. 23847], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155], Dutra et al. 2012:226 [ref. 32029], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2014:726 [ref. 33632] as "Trichomycterus", Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Henschel 2016:118 [ref. 34775]). •Valid as Potamoglanis hasemani (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Henschel et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35657], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Potamoglanis hasemani (Eigenmann 1914). Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

hasemani, Vandellia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:363, Figs. 33-35; Pl. 53 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 5); ref. 1239] Río Mamoré, Alto Amazonas, Bolivia. Holotype: FMNH 58523 [ex CM 7542]. Paratypes: FMNH 58524 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:84 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Vandellia hasemani Eigenmann 1918 -- (Schmidt 1987:235 [ref. 6780], Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Plectrochilus machadoi Miranda Ribeiro 1917 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Plectrochilus machadoi Miranda Ribeiro 1917. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

hematophaga, Vandellia Guimarães [J. R. A.] 1935:300, Figs. 1-4 [Revista de Indústria Animal: Departmento de Indústria Animal, Secretaria da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio. v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 12430] Río Tietê, Salto, São Paulo, Brazil. Lectotype: CAS-SU 16766. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:45 [ref. 12291], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. SU 16766 was received at Stanford University in 1951, presumably from material used in the original description (in which no types were designated). Lectotype designation by Böhlke 1953:45 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Vandellia hematophaga Guimarães 1935 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

herberti, Trichomycterus Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1940:60, Fig. [O Campo Rio de Janeiro No. 60; ref. 10387] Rio Bodoquena, Patanal, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Syntypes: MNRJ 1428 (2), 1429 (5). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1954:9 [ref. 21988], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155] Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783] mention paralectotypes MNRJ 1429. •Valid as Trichomycterus herberti Miranda Ribeiro 1940 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Britski et al. 1999:92 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Ituglanis herberti (Miranda Ribeiro 1940) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:43 [ref. 21010], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:277 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis herberti (Miranda Ribeiro 1940). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Bodoquena River, Paraguay River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

heterodontum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:692 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Río Mendoza, Palmira, Argentina, elevation 900 meters. Holotype (unique): CAS 58139 [ex IU 13832]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus heterodontum (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], López et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26808], López et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Trichomycterus heterodontus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:281 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:418 [ref. 29155] dated 1918, Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus heterodontus (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Mendoza River basin, Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

horacioi, Cambeva Reis [R. B. dos], Frota [A.], Fabrin [T. M. C.] & Graça [W. J. de] 2019:3, Figs. 1-5 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 96 (no. 2); ref. 37163] Rio Barra Bonita, Rio Ivaí basin, upper Rio Paraná system, municipality of Prudentópolis, Paraná State, Brazil, 25°04'08"S, 51°06'48"W. Holotype: MCP 54181. Paratypes: MCP, NUP. Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:29 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Cambeva horacioi Reis, Frota, Fabrin & Graça 2019 -- (Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva horacioi Reis, Frota, Fabrin & Graça 2019. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Ivaí drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin (Paraná, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

huachi, Silvinichthys Fernández [L.], Sanabria [E. A.], Quiroga [L. B.] & Vari [R. P.] 2014:3, Fig. 1 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 84 (no. 2); ref. 33141] Provincia de San Juan, Departmento Jachal, Río Huerta, 30°01'S, 68°48'W, Argentina, elevation 2000 meters. Holotype: MCN 1516. Paratypes: MCN 1515 (6), 1517 (2); USNM 396057 (1). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Silvinichthys huachi Fernández, Sanabria, Quiroga & Vari 2014 -- (Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Liotta 2016:379 [ref. 34919], Fernández et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35112]). Current status: Valid as Silvinichthys huachi Fernández, Sanabria, Quiroga & Vari 2014. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Heurta, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

hualco, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Vari [R. P.] 2009:195, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2009 (no. 1); ref. 30062] Río Hualco, 28°35'S, 67°11'W, Departamento San Blas de los Sauces, Provincia de La Rioja, Argentina, elevation 2000 meters. Holotype: FML 2601. Paratypes: FML 2602 (20), MCMI [MCNI] 1467 (1), USNM 383794 (4, 1 c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus hualco Fernández & Vari 2009 -- (Koerber 2011:4 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus hualco Fernández & Vari 2009. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: La Rioja Province, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

humboldti, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:12, Figs. 2C, 3I-J, 4C, 4I, 4M [Systematics and Biodiversity v. 19 (no. 6); ref. 38252] Small stream tributary to Córrego Paranhos, about 1.2 km from the road Mirantão-Santo Antônio, upper Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Município de Bocaina de Minas, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, 22°12'34"S, 44°29' 18"W, elevation 1,180 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 10218. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus humboldti Costa & Katz 2021 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus humboldti Costa & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraná basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

hydrostaticus, Pleurophysus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1918:636 [8] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3725] Rio Claro, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Lectotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 2214. Paralectotypes: (4) MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 5252 (1). Type catalog: Britski 1969:206 [ref. 12401], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. On p. 8 of separate. Lectotype selected by Britski 1969:206 [ref. 12401]. •Valid as Pleurophysus hydrostaticus Miranda Ribeiro 1918 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267], Henschel et al. 2024:29 [ref. 41248]). Current status: Synonym of Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ibirapuita, Scleronema Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2020:17, Figs. 5B, 8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190081; ref. 37587] Área de Proteção Ambiental Ibirapuitã, rio Ibirapuitã Chico, tributary of rio Ibirapuitã, rio Ibicuí basin, lower rio Uruguay, Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 30°33'29"S, 55°31'03"W. Holotype: MCN 19470. Paratypes: MCN, UFRGS. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Scleronema ibirapuita Ferrer & Malabarba 2020 -- (Ferrer 2021:238 [ref. 38890], Koerber et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:88 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema ibirapuita Ferrer & Malabarba 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Ibirapuitã basin (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil), and Río Arapey basin (Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

igobi, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2008:18, Figs. 1-2, 4-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 29574] Rio Jordão above the hydroelectric dam of Santa Clara, Município de Candói, Estado do Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 13352. Paratypes: NUP 4007 (2); MPEG 13353 (2), 13354 (1, c&s); MZUSP 94842 (2), 94843 (3). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:31 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Trichomycterus igobi Wosiacki & de Pinna 2008 -- (Datovo et al. 2012:41 [ref. 31994], Terán et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35391]). •Valid as Cambeva igobi (Wosiacki & de Pinna 2008) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2020:470 [ref. 38364], Reis et al. 2021:19 [ref. 38862], Reis et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40059]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva igobi (Wosiacki & de Pinna 2008). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

iheringi, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:697 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] São Paulo, Brazil [close to Santos, Brazil]. Holotype: CAS 64585 [ex IU 10785] not FMNH 58074 [CM 7071]. Paratypes: CAS 64586 [ex IU 10785] (3), FMNH 58074 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. See Wosiacki 2005:6.50 [ref. 28658] for remarks on the type locality. •Valid as Trichomycterus iheringi (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Garavello 2004:9 [ref. 27649], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Wosiacki 2005:56 [ref. 28658], Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155] dated 1918, da Silva et al. 2010:49 [ref. 30755], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Nascimento et al. 2017:510 [ref. 35440], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582]). •Valid as Cambeva iheringi (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2019:12 [ref. 37163], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Reis et al. 2021:19 [ref. 38862], Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872], Reis et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40059], Costa et al. 2024:344 [ref. 41163]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva iheringi (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Ribeira de Iguapé, Paraná and Itararé River basins (São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

illuvies, Trichomycterus Reis [V. J. C.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2022:51, Fig. 24 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 197 (no. 2); ref. 39360] Rio Santo Antônio at bridge in town of Ferros, tributary of Rio Doce, Ferros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 19°13'34.50"S, 43°1'9.50"W. Holotype: MZUSP 112750. Paratypes: MZUSP 126758 (10), 110720 (1). •Valid as Trichomycterus illuvies Reis & de Pinna 2022 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus illuvies Reis & de Pinna 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Doce drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

imaruhy, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:667, Figs. 3, 11C, 12C, 13C [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Rio Minador, Rio Laranjeiras drainage, village of Brusque do Sul, Orleans municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°14'33"S, 49°24'13"W, elevation about 250 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6939. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cambeva imaruhy Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva imaruhy Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tubarão basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

immaculatum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:52 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Rio São Matheos, Rio Doce basin, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 8302. Paralectotypes: MCZ 8266 (1), 8300 (10), 8305 (1), 8307 (1) and more. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Reis & de Pinna 2022:60 [ref. 39360]. •Valid as Trichomycterus immaculatum [sometimes as immaculatus] (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus travassosi (Miranda Ribeiro 1949) -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2004:5 [ref. 27978], Lima & Costa 2004:3 [ref. 27979]). •Valid as Trichomycterus immaculatus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Fernández et al. 2015:11 [ref. 35041] as inmaculatus, García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Costa et al. 2020:2916 [ref. 37529], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Reis et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37862], Costa et al. 2020:81 [ref. 38088], Reis & de Pinna 2022:55 [ref. 39360], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus immaculatus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Doce and adjacent basins, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ina, Ituglanis Wosiacki [W. B.], Dutra [G. M.] & Mendonça [M. B.] 2012:548, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 3); ref. 32219] Paruapebas, Serra dos Carajás, rio Tocantins basin, 6°06'02.8"S, 50°08'11.9"W, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 19613. Paratypes: INPA, MNRJ, MPEG. •Valid as Ituglanis ina Wosiacki, Dutra & Mendonça 2012 -- (Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Rizzato & Bichuette 2015:598 [ref. 33676], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis ina Wosiacki, Dutra & Mendonça 2012. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Serra dos Carajás, rio Tocantins basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

incae, Trichomycterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:496 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Río Guatanai at Cuzco, Peru. Syntypes: MNHN A-8986 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:61 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

ingaiensis, Trichomycterus Katz [A. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa & Katz 2021:14, Figs. 2D, 2M, 3K-L, 4D, 4N [Systematics and Biodiversity v. 19 (no. 6); ref. 38252] Ribeirão Malha Feijão, a tributary of the Rio Ingaí, road between Itumirim and Ingaí, Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Município de Ingaí, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, 21°21'35"S, 44°54'05"W, elevation 875 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 10214. Paratypes: CICCAA, MZUSP, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus ingaiensis Katz & Costa 2021 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus ingaiensis Katz & Costa 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Ingaí subdrainage, Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraná basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

insidiosus, Stegophilus Reinhardt [J. T.] 1859:5 of separate, Pl. 2 [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1858; ref. 3693] Rio das Velhas, Rio São Francisco system, Brazil. BMNH 1875.5.22.1. Syntypes: BMNH 1875.5.22.1 (1); ZMUC P30152 [ex 605] (1) Rio das Velhas, ZMUC P30153 [ex 605x] (1) Lagoa Santa. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:51 [ref. 9588], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Stegophilus insidiosus Reinhardt 1859 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], Britski 2001:19 [ref. 26046], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:952 [ref. 34078], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809]). Current status: Valid as Stegophilus insidiosus Reinhardt 1859. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

intermedius, Stegophilus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:54 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Goiaz, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 9842. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Stegophilus intermedius Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Henonemus intermedius (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento & Provenzano 2006:198 [ref. 28681], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:943 [ref. 34078]). Current status: Valid as Henonemus intermedius (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

inusitatus, Ituglanis Ferrer [J.] & Donin [L. M.] 2017:2, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 15 (no. 3) e170057; ref. 35614] Arroio São João tributary of rio Ibicuí, rio Uruguai basin, Município de Alegrete, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 29°46'52"S, 55°24'56"W, elevation circa 92 meters. Holotype: UFRGS 21829. Paratypes: MCN, UFRGS. •Valid as Ituglanis inusitatus Ferrer & Donin 2017 -- (Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Ferrer 2021:255 [ref. 38890]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis inusitatus Ferrer & Donin 2017. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: middle rio Uruguai basin (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ipatinga, Trichomycterus Reis [V. J. C.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2022:65, Figs. 7, 29 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 197 (no. 2); ref. 39360] Meloso Creek, tributary Rio Santo Antônio, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 19°4'35.98"S, 43°20'28.84"W. Holotype: MZUSP 112279. Paratypes: MBML, MNRJ, MZUSP. •Valid as Trichomycterus ipatinga Reis & de Pinna 2022 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:50 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus ipatinga Reis & de Pinna 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Doce drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

irritans, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:37, Figs. 21-23 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Rio Trombetas, about 70 km upstream from Oriximiná, Pará, Brazil, approximately 01°32'S, 56°14'W. Holotype: MZUSP 126815 [ex 100136]. Paratypes: INHS, INPA, LIRP, MBUCV, MZUSP, USNM. •Valid as Paracanthopoma irritans de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma irritans de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon basin, Brazil and Peru, and Orinoco basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

itacambirussu, Trichomycterus Triques [M. L.] & Vono [V.] 2004:165, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 27798] Córrego do Cabral, 42°45'W, 16°33'S, drainage of Rio Itacambiruçu, Rio Jequitinhonha basin, County of Grão Mogol, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 58493. Paratypes: DZUFMG 001 (2), 002 (1); MZUSP 58494-95 (1, 3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus itacambirussu Triques & Vono 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus itacambirussu Triques & Vono 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin, Minas Gerais State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

itacarambiensis, Trichomycterus Trajano [E.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 1996:86, Figs. 1-2 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 23 (no. 3/4); ref. 22915] Creek inside Olhos d'Agua cave, Município de Itacarambi, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 15°06'06"S, 44°09'30"W. Holotype: MZUSP 42469. Paratypes: MZUSP 50548 (4, 2 albino, 2 pigmented), 50549 (2, pigmented), 50550-52 (1, 1, 1, pigmented), 50553-54 (1, 1, albino), 50555-59 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, pigemented), 50560-61 (1, 1, albino), 50562-66 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, pigmented). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus itacarambiensis Trajano & de Pinna 1996 -- (de Pinna 1998:297 [ref. 23847], Romero & Paulson 2001:28 [ref. 26040], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:274 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Sazima 2004:49 [ref. 27666], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Bichuette & Trajano 2004:243 [ref. 27856], Ardila Rodríguez 2006:7 [ref. 28863], Proudlove 2006:146 [ref. 28992], Castellanos-Morales 2007:49 [ref. 29323], Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Rizzato et al. 2011:478 [ref. 31516], Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:49 [ref. 32163]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus itacarambiensis Trajano & de Pinna 1996. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Olhos d'Agua cave, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

itatiayae, Trichomycterus brasiliensis var. Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1906:p.? [15], Pl. 1 (figs. a-c) [Arquivos do Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro v. 13; ref. 17762] Ribeirão da Tapera, Mont-Serrat, Itatiaia, about 22°27'S, 44°50'W, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, elevation about 800 meters. Lectotype: MNRJ 792. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 11346-47 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. On p. 15 of separate. Lectotype selected by Caramaschi & Caramaschi 1991:223 [ref. 20026]. •Valid as Trichomycterus itatiayae Miranda Ribeiro 1906 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Caramaschi & Caramaschi 1991:223 [ref. 20026], Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673] as itatyae, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2008:181 [ref. 29961], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2010:194 [ref. 31070], Datovo et al. 2012:35 [ref. 31994], Katz & Barbosa 2014:3 [ref. 33418], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus itatiayae Miranda Ribeiro 1906. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraíba do Sul River basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ix, Stenolicmus Wosiacki [W. B.], Coutinho [D. P.] & de Assis Montag [L. F.] 2011:63, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa No. 2752; ref. 31139] Unnamed igarapé tributary of Igarapé Curuá, tributary of left margin of Rio Amazonas, 0°09'47.6"S, 55°11'01.2"W, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MPEG 15101. •Valid as Stenolicmus ix Wosiacki, Coutinho & de Assis Montag 2011. Current status: Valid as Stenolicmus ix Wosiacki, Coutinho & de Assis Montag 2011. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Headwaters of Rio Curuá, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jacupiranga, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & Oyakawa [O. T.] 2005:469, Figs. 5-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28451] Cajati, Parque Estadual de Jacupiranga, rio do Queimado, São Paulo State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 67818. Paratypes: MZUSP 67819 (1), 67820 (1), 67821 (1), 67822 (1), 84095 (1) Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus jacupiranga Wosiacki & Oyakawa 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Donin et al. 2020:14 [ref. 37395], Costa et al. 2022:512 [ref. 39820] in subgenus Psammocambeva, Vilardo et al. 2023:363 [ref. 40216], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus jacupiranga Wosiacki & Oyakawa 2005. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Ribeira de Iguape and several coastal basins (São Paulo, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

jatobensis, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa, Mattos & Katz 2021:132, Figs. 2C, 2I, 2Q, 4B, 6 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 293; ref. 38372] Córrego Meyer about 62 km north from Paranatinge, Rio Jatobá subdrainage, upper Rio Xingu drainage, Amazon basin, Município de Paranatinga, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 14°00'40"S, 54°11'29"W, elevation about 490 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6926. Paratypes: UFRJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Trichomycterus jatobensis Costa 2021. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus jatobensis Costa 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jatobá subdrainage, upper Rio Xingu drainage, Amazon basin, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

jequitinhonhae, Trichomycterus Triques [M. L.] & Vono [V.] 2004:167, Fig. 3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 27798] Córrego Laranjeiras, 42°18'W, 16°45'S, Rio Jequitinhonha basin, County of Coronel Murta, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 58497. Paratypes: DFUFMG 003 (16), 004 (78); MZUSP 58498-99 (30, 15). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus jequitinhonhae Triques & Vono 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus jequitinhonhae Triques & Vono 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin, Minas Gerais State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

johnsoni, Pygidium Fowler [H. W.] 1932:367, Fig. p. 364 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 84; ref. 16366] Descalvados, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ANSP 53873. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155] •Valid as Trichomycterus johnsoni (Fowler 1932) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Britski et al. 1999:92 [ref. 24147], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Dutra et al. 2012:226 [ref. 32029], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], Henschel 2016:118 [ref. 34775]). •Valid as Potamoglanis johnsoni (Fowler 1932) -- (Henschel et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35657], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Potamoglanis johnsoni (Fowler 1932). Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: South America: Pantanal wetlands, Paraguay River basin (Argentina and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

jucuensis, Microcambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.] & Rangel-Pereira [F. S.] 2019:1844, Figs. 5-6 [Journal of Natural History v. 53 (no. 29-30); ref. 37015] Stream close to Nova Campo Grande village, Rio Jucu basin, Município de Viana, Estado do Espírito Santo, Brazil, 20.337°S, 40.449°W, elevation about 25 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12124. Paratypes: CICCA, UFRJ. •Valid as Microcambeva jucuensis Costa, Katz, Mattos & Rangel-Pereira 2019 -- (Medeiros et al. 2020:121 [ref. 38015], Costa & Katz 2021:331 [ref. 38742], Medeiros et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38396], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva jucuensis Costa, Katz, Mattos & Rangel-Pereira 2019. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jucu basin, Espírito Santo (eastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

kankuamo, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2016:11, Figs. 5D, 8 [No. 2; ref. 35108] Arroyo Blanco, eco-parque "Los Besotes", municipio de Valledupar, Departamento del Cesar, Colombia, 10°35'N, 73°15'W. Holotype: CAR 685. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH-P. •Valid as Trichomycterus kankuamo Ardila Rodríguez 2016 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:12 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus kankuamo Ardila Rodríguez 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Reserva Natural "Los Besotes", Departamento del Cesar, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

knerii, Trichomycterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:142 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 19 (no. 16) (for 22 June 1882); ref. 20485] Canelos, eastern Ecuador. Syntypes: (several) NMW 43328 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:81 [p. 21 in separate], Pl. 5 (figs. 1-1a) [ref. 4233]. •Valid as Trichomycterus knerii Steindachner 1882 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:36 [ref. 37559] as kneri, Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" knerii). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus knerii Steindachner 1882. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

landinga, Trichomycterus Triques [M. L.] & Vono [V.] 2004:162, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 27798] Córrego Moquém, 42°35'W, 16°45'S, Rio Jequitinhonha basin, County of Coronel Murta, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP 58496. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus landinga Triques & Vono 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:419 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus landinga Triques & Vono 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Jequitinhonha River basin, Minas Gerais State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

largoperculatus, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2022:14, Figs. 1-4 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 98 (no. 1); ref. 38971] Rio Paraíba do Sul just below Ilha dos Pombos Dam, Município de Além Paraíba, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 21°50'36"S, 42°34'46"W, elevation about 105 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6987. Paratypes: (12) CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus largoperculatus Costa & Katz 2022 -- (Costa et al. 2022:512 [ref. 39820] in subgenus Psammocambeva). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus largoperculatus Costa & Katz 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: middle Rio Paraíba do Sul drainage, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

laticeps, Trichomycterus Kner [R.] 1863:228, "Fig. 17" (unpublished) [Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 1863, v. 2; ref. 5002] Western slope of the Andes of Ecuador. Syntypes: ZSM [old collection] no. 181 and 289 (2) destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:282 [ref. 28925], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner 1864:54, Pl. 6 (figs. 1a, 2) [ref. 2649]. •Valid as Trichomycterus laticeps Kner 1863 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:36 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Ituglanis laticeps (Kner 1863) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:43 [ref. 21010], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:200 [ref. 34894], Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis laticeps (Kner 1863). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

latidens, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:693 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Small creek near mouth of Río Colima River, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS 76335 [ex IU 13801]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus latidens (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Schaefer 2005:73 [ref. 28090], Ferraris 2007:419-421 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus latidens (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Calima River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

latistriatum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:696 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Quebrada de Pinchote, Santander, Colombia. Holotype (unique): FMNH 58449 [ex CM 7450]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus latistriatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860] as latistriatum, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155] dated 1918, Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[9] [ref. 29569], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:10 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:21 [ref. 31410], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399] as latistriatum, García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108] as latistriatum, Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579] as latistriatum, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926] as latistriatum, Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609] as latistriatum). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus latistriatus (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

laucaensis, Trichomycterus Arratia [G.] 1983:74, Fig. 8 [Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 8378] Río Lauca system, Parinacota, northern Chile, elevation 4390 meters. Holotype: FFSUC IC 160878A. Paratypes: FFSUC IC 160878B, 190579A, 190579B, 280878A, 280878B. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus laucaensis Arratia 1983 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Pequeño 1989:41 [ref. 14125], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678], Fernández & Vari 2000:993 [ref. 25017], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Mesa S. et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35987]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus laucaensis Arratia 1983. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Lauca River basin, Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

lauryi, Trichomycterus Donin [L. M.], Ferrer [J.] & Carvalho [T. P.] 2020:3, Figs. 1-2, 10 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 96 (no. 4); ref. 37395] Córrego do Queimado, stream tributary of rio Jacupiranguinha, Ribeira de Iguape River basin, Cajati, São Paulo State, Brazil, 24°48'07"S, 48°13'47"W. Holotype: UFRGS 27000. Paratypes: MNRJ, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Trichomycterus lauryi Donin, Ferrer & Carvalho 2020 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus lauryi Donin, Ferrer & Carvalho 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Ribeira de Iguape River basin (São Paulo State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

lauzannii, Trichomycterus Miranda [G.] & Fernández [L.] 2020:459, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia v. 108 (no. 3); ref. 37703] Echuramara stream, tributary of the Río Macharaipo, Beni basin, Madidi protected area [corrected], Departamento La Paz, Provincia de Franz Tamayo, Bolivia, 14°41'06"S, 68°15'33"W, elevation 1875 meters. Holotype: CBF 15025. Paratypes: CBF 15026 (8). •Valid as Trichomycterus lauzannii Miranda & Fernández 2020. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus lauzannii Miranda & Fernández 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Macharaipo River drainage, Beni basin, Provincia de Franz Tamayo, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

leoncitensis, Silvinichthys Fernández [L.], Dominino [J.], Brancolini [F.] & Baigún [C.] 2011:228, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 3) [for Sept.]; ref. 31662] Leoncito National Park, 32°00'S, 68°47'W, Departamento Calilegua, Provincia de San Juan, Argentina, elevation 1213 meters. Holotype: MCN 1511. Paratypes: CFA-IOC 12171 [ex ILPLA 2171] (1); MACN-ict 9674 (1); MCN 1512 (1), 1513 (5). Type catalog: Bogan et al. 2019:16 [ref. 37088]. •Valid as Silvinichthys leoncitensis Fernández, Dominino, Brancolini & Baigún 2011 -- (Fernández et al. 2013:371 [ref. 32531], Fernández et al. 2014:380 [ref. 33141], Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Liotta 2016:379 [ref. 34919], Fernández et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35112]). Current status: Valid as Silvinichthys leoncitensis Fernández, Dominino, Brancolini & Baigún 2011. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Leoncito National Park, San Juan Province, (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

lewi, Trichomycterus Lasso [C. A.] & Provenzano [F.] 2003:1144, Figs. 7, 2B-6B [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 50 (no. 3-4) [for 2002]; ref. 26951] Río Kukenán, cabeceras, valle between los tepuyes Roraima and Kukenán, Gran Sabana, 5°06'30"N, 60°49'48"W, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 6454. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-29601 (2); MHNLS 6466 (2), 7485 (2), 13319 (5). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus lewi Lasso & Provenzano 2003 -- (Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus lewi Lasso & Provenzano 2003. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Kukenán River, Caroni River basin, Bolívar, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

lianae, Copionodon Campanario [C. M.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2000:370, Figs. 1-7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 25080] Rio Grisante (Rio Mucujê basin), about 13°08'S, 41°17'W, Bahia State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 81034 [previously as 42469]. Paratypes: MZUSP 42470 (16, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Copionodon lianae Campanario & de Pinna 2000 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155], de Pinna et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35972], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Copionodon lianae Campanario & de Pinna 2000. Trichomycteridae: Copionodontinae. Distribution: South America: Grisante River, tributary to Mucujê River, Paraguaçu River basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

listruroides, Trichomycterus (Cryptocambeva) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.] & Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] in Costa, Azevedo-Santos, Mattos & Katz 2023:12, Figs. 5B, 6B, 7B, 8 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 4): 206; ref. 40170] Córrego Tamborete, a tributary of Rio Grande at the Furnas dam, upper Rio Paraná basin, Capitólio municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°38'53"S, 46°09'55"W, elevation about 875 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 11845. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus listruroides Costa, Katz & Azevedo-Santos 2023. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus listruroides Costa, Katz & Azevedo-Santos 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: middle Rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

longibarbatus, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1992:104, Fig. 4 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) [for 1991]; ref. 19725] Small stream near Santa Teresa belonging to the upper Rio Piraquê-Açu drainage, lower Rio Doce, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43339. Paratypes: MNRJ 629 (1), MZUSP 23812 (17). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus alternatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Reis & de Pinna 2022:15 [ref. 39360]). •Valid as Trichomycterus longibarbatus Costa 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Alencar & Costa 2004:3 [ref. 27991], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Rizzato et al. 2011:485 [ref. 31516], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Costa 2012:156 [ref. 32045], Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:52 [ref. 32163], Barbosa 2013:274 [ref. 33106], Costa et al. 2022:514 [ref. 39820], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus longibarbatus Costa 1992. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: lower Rio Doce basin, Espirito Santo (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

longipalata, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:678, Figs. 8, 11H, 12H, 13H [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Rio Mantiqueira, tributary of Rio Pelotas, Rio Uruguai basin, Bom Jardim da Serra Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°15'47"S, 49°45'46"W, elevation about 1,325 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6944. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva longipalata Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva longipalata Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Mantiqueira drainage, upper Rio Pelotas, upper Rio Uruguai basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

longipinnis, Trichogenes Britski [H. A.] & Ortega [H.] 1983:212, Figs. 1-2 [Revista Brasileira de Zoologia v. 1 (no. 3); ref. 5408] Cachoeira do Amor, kilometers 3 da estrada Parati-Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 16099. Paratypes: MZUSP 16100-04 (5), 16105-14 (10, now 9), 16115-24 [not 1624] (10), 16223-31 (9); UMMZ 212354 [ex MZUSP 16105] (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichogenes longipinnis Britski & Ortega 1983 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], Bizerril 1994:624 [ref. 22673], de Pinna 1998:298 [ref. 23847], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Sazima 2004:49 [ref. 27666], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155], de pinna et al. 2010:708 [ref. 31073], Fernández et al. 2015:11 [ref. 35041] as Trichomycterus, de Pinna et al. 2020:14 [ref. 37460]). Current status: Valid as Trichogenes longipinnis Britski & Ortega 1983. Trichomycteridae: Trichogeninae. Distribution: Coastal drainages in northern São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

luetkeni, Trichomycterus Katz [A. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa & Katz 2021:16, Figs. 2E, 2N, 3E-F, 4E, 4O [Systematics and Biodiversity v. 19 (no. 6); ref. 38252] Stream close to road Azevedo, Córrego Água -Limpa subdrainage, Rio Paraopeba drainage, Rio São Francisco basin, Distrito de Pedra Vermelha, Município de Moeda, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, 20°19'21"S, 43°58'03"W, elevation ca. 990 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12680. Paratypes: CICCAA, MZUSP, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus luetkeni Katz & Costa 2021 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus luetkeni Katz & Costa 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Paraopeba drainage, Rio São Francisco basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

luna, Paravandellia Henschel [E.], Baskin [J. N.], Collins [R.] & Lujan [N. K.] 2024:21, Figs. 4F, 5F, 6F, 10-12 [American Museum Novitates No. 4024; ref. 41248] Beach at Bem-Querer rapids, Branco River drainage, Roraima State, Brazil, 1.930278°, -61.002778°, elevation 50 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 14043. Paratypes: ANSP 189307 (1), UFRJ 12450 (6), 12451 (24). •Valid as Paravandellia luna Henschel, Baskin, Collins & Lujan 2024. Current status: Valid as Paravandellia luna Henschel, Baskin, Collins & Lujan 2024. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Branco and Solimões River drainages, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lundbergi, Typhlobelus Schaefer [S. A.], Provenzano [F.], de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Baskin [J. N.] 2005:17, Figs. 9-10 [American Museum Novitates No. 3496; ref. 28427] Río Orinoco at Los Castillos, upsteam of east end of Caño Limon, 8°31.2'N, 62°35.1'W, Estado Delta Amacuro, Venezuela, depth 35-40 meters. Holotype: MBUCV-V-31040. Paratypes: AMNH 233709 (1), 233710 (1); MBUCV-V-31041 (1); MZUSP 84305 (2, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Typhlobelus lundbergi Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:503 [ref. 31517], de Pinna & Zuanon 2013:452 [ref. 32921], DoNacimiento & Lasso in Lasso & Morales-Betancourt 2022:266 [ref. 40783]). Current status: Valid as Typhlobelus lundbergi Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin 2005. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: South America: lower Orinoco River (Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

luteoreticulata, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024:210, Figs. 4G-I, 8, 9 [Evolutionary Systematics v. 8; ref. 41551] Stream tributary of Rio Liso, itself a tributary of Rio Pintado, Rio Iguaçu drainage, Rio Paraná basin, village of Colônia Cerne, Matos Costa Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°24'25"S, 51°00'45"W, elevation about 1,015 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 14068. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva luteoreticulata Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Current status: Valid as Cambeva luteoreticulata Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Liso drainage, Rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

macacuensis, Listrura Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:326, Figs. 4C, 4J, 4N-O, 5D, 5K, 6D, 8 [Taxonomy v. 1; ref. 38742] Stream crossing the road Antônio José to Faraó, Rio Macacu basin, Município de Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 22°31'02"S, 42°39'20"W, elevation about 45 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12669. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Listrura macacuensis Costa & Katz 2021 -- (Villa-Verde et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39194]). Current status: Valid as Listrura macacuensis Costa & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Macacu basin, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

macaensis, Listrura Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:324, Figs. 4D, 4P, 7 [Taxonomy v. 1; ref. 38742] Small stream inside União Biological Reserve, Rio Macaé basin, Município de Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 22°26'10"S, 42°03'04"W, elevation about 20 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12667. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Listrura macaensis Costa & Katz 2021 -- (Villa-Verde et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39194]). Current status: Valid as Listrura macaensis Costa & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: União Biological Reserve, Rio Macaé basin, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

macanuda, Scleronema Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2020:21, Figs. 1A, 9, 10A, 11 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190081; ref. 37587] Irrigation water channel draining to arroio Velhaco, laguna dos Patos system, Sentinela do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 30°43'13"S, 51°39'28"W. Holotype: MCN 20230. Paratypes: LIRP, MCN, MCP, UFRGS, ZVC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Scleronema macanuda Ferrer & Malabarba 2020 -- (Terán et al. 2020:44 [ref. 38045], Ferrer 2021:240 [ref. 38890], Koerber et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38894], Costa et al. 2022:94 [ref. 39059], Koerber et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40355], Koerber et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40368], Loureiro et al. 2023:88 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema macanuda Ferrer & Malabarba 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: small Atlantic coastal drainages (southeastern Brazil), and lower Uruguay River basin (Uruguay and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

macareguaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2024:11, Figs. 2, 5B, 7B, 9A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 98; ref. 41346] Cueva Macaregua, Vereda San Francisco, municipio de Curití, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 1029. Paratypes: CAR 399 (10). Appeared once as "macaraguaensis", but appeared many times as macareguaensis in the article. Named after the cave Macaregua, so this spelling is deemed to be correct. •Valid as Trichomycterus macareguaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus macareguaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: La Cueva Macaregua, municipio de Curití, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

machadoi, Plectrochilus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1917:50, Fig. [Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Sciências (Rio de Janeiro) v. 1; ref. 5742] Rio Solimões, upper Amazon River system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 978. Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:405 [ref. 12732], Miranda Ribeiro 1954:17 [ref. 21988], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Plectrochilus machadoi Miranda Ribeiro 1917 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[15] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Plectrochilus machadoi Miranda Ribeiro 1917. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

macraei, Thrichomycterus Girard [C. F.] 1855:245 [41] [Contributions to the fauna of Chile; ref. 4912] Near Uspullata [Uspallata], east side of the Cordilleras, Mendoza, Argentina, elevation 7000 feet. Syntypes: MCZ 8298 (1), USNM 1546 (orig. 3, now 1). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155] On p. 41 of separate. •Valid as Trichomycterus macraei Girard 1855 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1981:99 [ref. 6024], Pequeño 1989:40 [ref. 14125], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:277 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], Fernández et al. 2015:7, 15 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: cis- and trans-Andean rivers between 29° and 47°S, Argentina and Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

macromycterus, Typhlobelus Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Bockmann [F. A.] 1994:68, Figs. 1-3 [Tropical Zoology v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 21364] Rio Tocantins near Tucuruí, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 12129. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Typhlobelus macromycterus Costa & Bockmann 1994 -- (Nico & de Pinna 1996:29 [ref. 22300], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Schaefer et al. 2005:14 [ref. 28427], Proudlove 2006:269 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:426-427 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:493 [ref. 31517], de Pinna & Zuanon 2013:452 [ref. 32921]). Current status: Valid as Typhlobelus macromycterus Costa & Bockmann 1994. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Tocantins River near Tucuruí, Para State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

macrophthalmus, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2012:80, Fig. 1 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 31901] Small stream, tributary tof Piraí river, between the village of Rio Claro and Lidice, Paraíba do Sul river basin, ca. 22°40'S, 44°02'W, Município de Claro, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6003. Paratypes: UFRJ 5675 (3, c&s), 5683 (6). •Valid as Trichomycterus macrophthalmus Barbosa & Costa 2012 -- (Costa et al. 2022:513 [ref. 39820] in subgenus Psammocambeva, Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643] as Trichomycterus macrophtalmus). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus macrophthalmus Barbosa & Costa 2012. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraíba do Sul River basin (Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

macrops, Stegophilus Steindachner [F.] 1882:178 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Manacapuru Lake, Amazon River basin. Holotype (unique): NMW. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:28, Pl. 6 (figs. 2-2a) [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Stegophilus macrops Steindachner 1882 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Henonemus macrops (Steindachner 1882) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento & Provenzano 2006:198 [ref. 28681], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento 2015:943 [ref. 34078], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Henonemus macrops (Steindachner 1882). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

macrotrichopterus, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2010:116, Figs. 9, 19 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 30782] Córrego do Lava-Pés, near Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, ca. 20°13'S, 46°22'W, Município de São Roque de Minas, Río São Francisco Basin, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, elevation 830 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6031. Paratypes: UFRJ 5775 (3), 5776 (2 c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus macrotrichopterus Barbosa & Costa 2010 -- (Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Costa et al. 2022:162 [ref. 39290], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus macrotrichopterus Barbosa & Costa 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Stegophilus Steindachner [F.] 1879:32 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 20480] La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Holotype (unique): NMW 57222. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1879:25, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [ref. 4228]. •Valid species, in genus Parastegophilus or Homodiaetus -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Homodiaetus maculatus (Steindachner 1879) -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:61 [ref. 23791], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565]). •Valid as Parastegophilus maculatus (Steindachner 1879) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27366], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], Fernández et al. 2015:13 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Pseudostegophilus maculatus (Steindachner 1879) -- (Britski et al. 1999:93 [ref. 24147], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], DoNascimiento 2015:950 [ref. 34078], Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:4 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:5 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:6 [ref. 36736], Koerber et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37480], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Ferrer 2021:222 [ref. 38890], Koerber et al. 2021:6 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:90 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Pseudostegophilus maculatus (Steindachner 1879). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: lower Paraná and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Trichomycterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:493 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Santiago, Chile. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3166 (10), 0000-4236 (10). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:64 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus maculatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860] as maculatum). •Synonym of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculosus, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2010:194, Fig. 1 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 60 (no. 3); ref. 31070] São Francisco Xavier, Cachoeira Pedro David, tributary of river do Peixe, Paraíba do Sul river basin, 22°55'29.5"S, 45°58'49.6"W, Município de São José, São Paulo State, Brazil, elevation about 800 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6033. Paratypes: UFRJ 677 (6), 5168 (1), 5169 (2), 5693 (2), •Valid as Trichomycterus maculosus Barbosa & Costa 2010 -- (Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Katz & Barbosa 2014:3 [ref. 33418], Costa et al. 2020:81 [ref. 38088], Costa et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39248], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Costa et al. 2024:764 [ref. 41213]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus maculosus Barbosa & Costa 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Paraíba do Sul basin (São Paulo State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

macunaima, Ituglanis Datovo [A.] & Landim [M. I.] 2005:456, Figs. 1-9 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28558] Rio Araguaia basin, corixo da Saudade (corixinho), 14°17'20.6"S, 51°09'12.1"W, Cocalinho, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 88452. Paratypes: LIRP 5642 (6, 1 c&s); MZUSP 86237 (7, 1 c&s), 86251 (2, 1 c&s), 86272 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ituglanis macunaima Datovo & Landim 2005 -- (Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Campos-Paiva & Costa 2007:54 [ref. 29139], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Wosiacki et al. 2012:551 [ref. 32291], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282] as cf. macunaima, Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis macunaima Datovo & Landim 2005. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

magdalenae, Branchioica Miles [C.] 1943:33 [Publicaciones de la Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento del Departamento, Cali 1943; ref. 13211] Río Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: not researched. Paratypes: USNM 120142 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Branchioica magdalenae Miles 1943 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Branchioica phaneronema Miles 1943 -- (Román-Valencia 1998:299 [ref. 27071]). •Synonym of Paravandellia phaneronema (Miles 1943) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Paravandellia phaneronema (Miles 1943). Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

magoi, Pygidianops Schaefer [S. A.], Provenzano [F.], de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Baskin [J. N.] 2005:10, Figs. 5-6 [American Museum Novitates No. 3496; ref. 28427] Río Orinoco at Puerto Cabrian, 8°34.8'N, 61°15.9'W, Estado Delta Amacuro, Venezuela, depth 25 meters. Holotype: MBUCV-V-31035. Paratypes: AMNH 233706 (1), 233707 (1), 233708 (1); MBUCV-V-31036 (1), 31037 (1); MZUSP 84303 (2), 84304 (1, c&s), 84306 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pygidianops magoi Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:502 [ref. 31517], DoNacimiento & Lasso in Lasso & Morales-Betancourt 2022:264 [ref. 40783]). Current status: Valid as Pygidianops magoi Schaefer, Provenzano, de Pinna & Baskin 2005. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: South America: lower Orinoco River (Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

maldonadoi, Hatcheria Eigenmann [C. H.] 1920:53 [Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (Santiago) v. 23; ref. 29449] Río Nonguen, Concepción, Lautaro, Chile. Lectotype: CAS 63842 [ex IU 15058]. Paralectotypes: CAS 63843 [ex IU 15058] (43); USNM 84344 [ex IU 15058] (2), 167872 [ex IU 15058] (9). Additional original material: CAS 63841 [ex IU 15635] (2). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype established in caption to Pl. 8 in Eigenmann 1928 [or 1927] [ref. 1245] -- see Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Bullockia maldonadoi (Eigenmann 1920) -- (Arratia et al. 1978:162 [ref. 144], Pequeño 1989:40 [ref. 14125], Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as moldonadoi, Ruiz & Berra 1994:14 [ref. 21384], de Pinna 1998:297 [ref. 23847], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:277 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582], Bockmann et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40227]). Current status: Valid as Bullockia maldonadoi (Eigenmann 1920). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: trans-Andean rivers in central Chile. Habitat: freshwater.

maldonadoi, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2011:14, Figs. 1-8 [Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). v. 11; ref. 31410] Afluente de la quebrada Tuis Tuis, cuenca alta del río Sinú, municipio de Tierralta, Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, elevation 90 meters. Holotype: CAR 500. Paratypes: CAR 380 (1), 394 (1), 458 (4), 467 (18); IAvH-P 11533 (5) [ex CAR 380]; ICNMHN 17623 (5). Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:417 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Trichomycterus maldonadoi Ardila Rodríguez 2011 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2014:10 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:15 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus maldonadoi Ardila Rodríguez 2011. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Upper Sinú River basin, Córdoba, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

malevola, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:42, Figs. 24-26 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Igarapé das Araras, tributary to rio Guariba, rio Aripuanã drainage, Apuí, Amazonas, Brazil, 08°46'10"S, 60°26'40"W. Holotype: INPA 59836. Paratypes: INPA, LIRP, MCP, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paracanthopoma malevola de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma malevola de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira and Tapajós River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

mambai, Ituglanis Bichuette [M. E.] & Trajano [E.] 2008:11, Fig. 2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 29571] Lapa do Sumidouro Cave, 14°19'21.0"S, 46°14'41.0"W, upper rio Tocantins basin, Posse County, northeastern Goiás State, Brazil, elevation 792 meters. Holotype: MCP 42538. Paratypes: LISDEBE 2047 (6), MCP 42537 (3), MZUSP 94719 (4). •Valid as Ituglanis mambai Bichuette & Trajano 2008 -- (Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Rizzato & Bichuette 2015:577 [ref. 33676], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis mambai Bichuette & Trajano 2008. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Subterranean stream inside Lapa do Sumidouro Cave, Upper Tocantins basin, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

manaurensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2016:8, Figs. 2, 5B [No. 2; ref. 35108] Río Manaure, parte baja, Serranía del Perijá, Cuenca del río Magdalena, municipio de Manaure, Departamento del Cesar, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 683. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH-P. •Valid as Trichomycterus manaurensis Ardila Rodríguez 2016 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:12 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus manaurensis Ardila Rodríguez 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

maracaiboensis, Pygidium banneaui Schultz [L. P.] 1944:262, Pl. 6 (fig. B) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río San Juan near bridge, south of Mene Grande, tributary to Río Motatán, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121227. Paratypes: MCZ 37240 [ex USNM 121229] (3); UMMZ 142484 [ex USNM 121229] (1); USNM 121228 (5), 121229 (16, now 12, 3 to MCZ, 1 to UMMZ), 121230 (1, missing), 121231 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus banneaui (Eigenmann 1912), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Burgess 1989:321 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Trichomycterus maracaiboensis (Schultz 1944) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[9] [ref. 29569], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:[7] [ref. 32732], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:10 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:9 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus maracaiboensis (Schultz 1944). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: San Juan River, tributary to Motatán River, Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and río Zulia, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

maracaya, Trichomycterus Bockmann [F. A.] & Sazima [I.] 2004:63, Figs. 1-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 27865] Unnamed streamlet at the foothill of the Morro de Ferro, about 21°46'45"S, 46°31'50"W [reverse in original description], rio Pardo basin, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: ZUEC 6137. Paratypes: LIRP 4381 (4, 1 c&s); MCP 34575 (2); MNRJ 25872 (2); MZUSP 83357 (2); ZUEC 4115 (1), 6136 (3), 6138 (3, 1 c&s). Not treated by Ferraris 2007 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus maracaya Bockmann & Sazima 2004 -- (Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos 2012:360 [ref. 32318], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus maracaya Bockmann & Sazima 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Pardo River drainage, upper Paraná River, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

mariamole, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2010:110, Figs. 6, 16 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 30782] Small stream tributary of Rio Alambari, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, 22°23'43"S, 44°31'47"W, Município de Resende, Estado de Rio do Rio Janeiro, Brazil, elevation 663 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6026. Paratypes: UFRJ 5142 (15), 5247 (15), 5400 (3 c&s), 5401 (3 c&s), 5666 (17), 5688 (6). •Valid as Trichomycterus mariamole Barbosa & Costa 2010 -- (Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus mariamole Barbosa & Costa 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

marmoratum, Trachypoma Giebel [C. G. A.] 1871:97 [Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften (n.f., 3) v. 37; ref. 1616] Amazon. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt 1805 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155] with question). Current status: Synonym of Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt 1805. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

marmoratus, Trichomycterus Philippi [R. A.] 1866:714 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866 (for 15 Nov. 1866); ref. 14056] Chile. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mate, Scleronema Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2020:29, Figs. 5A, 12, 13A [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190081; ref. 37587] Arroio Grande, tributary of arroio Castelhano, rio Taquari basin, laguna dos Patos system, Venâncio Aires, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 29°33'S, 52°17'W. Holotype: MCP 54183. Paratypes: LIRP, MCN, MCP, UFRGS. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Scleronema mate Ferrer & Malabarba 2020 -- (Ferrer 2021:243 [ref. 38890]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema mate Ferrer & Malabarba 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jacuí basin, laguna dos Patos system (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mboycy, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & Garavello [J. C.] 2004:8, Fig. 5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 27649] Rio Jordão near its mouth, tributary of rio Iguaçu (rio Paraná Basin), 25°45'S, 52°10'W, Jordão reservoir, Foz do Jordão, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 6695. Paratypes: MPEG 6696-97 (2, 1), 6698 (2, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus mboycy Wosiacki & Garavello 2004 -- (Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], Ferrer & Malabarba 2013:217 [ref. 32750], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471], Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35632]). •Valid as Cambeva mboycy (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Koerber et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva mboycy (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

medellinensis, Trichomycterus Posada [A.] 1909:296 [Los peces del norte de Colombia; ref. 5005] Medellín, Colombia. Not treated in Reis et al. 2003 [ref. 27061]. Trichomycteridae.

megantoni, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Quispe Chuquihuamaní [R.] 2007:50, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 1545; ref. 29320] Santuario Nacional Machiguenga Megantoni, Quebrada Earoto, Urubamba River, Ucayali River basin, Peru, elevation 2100 meters. Holotype: MUSM 29631. Paratypes: MUSM 31555 (4), 25464 (2), 25465 (5, 1 c&s), 25466 (3), 25467 (5, 1 c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus megantoni Fernández & Quispe Chuquihuamaní 2007 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Miranda & Fernández 2020:463 [ref. 37703]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus megantoni Fernández & Quispe Chuquihuamaní 2007. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Ucayali River basin, Andes of Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

melanops, Tridens Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:53 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Içá / Putumayo River, upper Amazon basin, Brazil. Syntypes: (27) CAS 64598 [IU 4275] (1); BMNH 1889.11.14.73 [ex MCZ] (1); MCZ 8137 (orig. 27, now 15, 2 c&s); USNM 41522 [ex MCZ 8137] (1), 120296 (orig. 4, now 3). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:43 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Tridens melanops Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633] with no species, see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[15] [ref. 35679], Henschel et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40194]). Current status: Valid as Tridens melanops Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin: Brazil, Ecuador, ?Colombia and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

melanoptera, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Abilhoa [V.], Dalcin [R. H.] & Katz [A. M.] 2022:2, Figs. 1-3a, 3c, 3e [Journal of Fish Biology v. 101 (no. 1); ref. 39261] Stream tributary to Rio Iratim, Rio Iguaçu drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Coronel Domingos Soares Municipality, Paraná State, Brazil, 26°08'06"S, 51°51'46"W, elevation about 695 meters. Holotype: MHNCI 12787. Paratypes: (5) UFRJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cambeva melanoptera Costa, Abilhoa, Dalcin & Katz 2022. Current status: Valid as Cambeva melanoptera Costa, Abilhoa, Dalcin & Katz 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River drainage, Paraná State, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

melanopygius, Trichomycterus Reis [V. J. C.], Santos [S. A. dos], Britto [M. R.], Volpi [T. de A.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2020:4, Figs. 1, 2f, 3, 4a, 5a, 6, 7a [Journal of Fish Biology v. 97 (no. 6); ref. 37862] Córrego dos Borges stream flowing into left bank of Risoleta Neves reservoir, Rio Doce basin, Rio Doce municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°12'21.63"S, 42°52'56.24"W. Holotype: MZUSP 123762. Paratypes: MNRJ, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Trichomycterus melanopygius Reis, Santos, Britto, Volpi & de Pinna 2020 -- (Costa & Katz 2022:19 [ref. 38971], Reis & de Pinna 2022:69 [ref. 39360], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus melanopygius Reis, Santos, Britto, Volpi & de Pinna 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Doce basin, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mendozensis, Trichomycterus Arratia [G.], Chang G. [A.], Menu-Marque [S.] & Rojas M. [G.] 1978:170, Figs. 8-10 [Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment v. 13 (nos 3-4); ref. 144] Mendoza Province, Argentina. Holotype: FFSUC IC 118-27. Paratypes: FFSUC IC 118-18, IBAUNC 34, 80, 81. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Silvinichthys mendozensis (Arratia, Chang G., Menu-Marque & Rojas M. 1978) -- (Arratia 1998:357 [ref. 23661], Fernández & Vari 2000:993 [ref. 25017], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], López et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26808], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27366], Fernández & de Pinna 2005:100 [ref. 28093], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], da Silva et al. 2010:50 [ref. 30755], Fernández et al. 2011:227 [ref. 31662], Fernández et al. 2013:371 [ref. 32531], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Liotta 2016:379 [ref. 34919], Fernández et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35112]). Current status: Valid as Silvinichthys mendozensis (Arratia, Chang G., Menu-Marque & Rojas M. 1978). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Mendoza River basin, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

menezesi, Listrura Villa-Verde [L.], de Pinna [M. C. C.], Reis [V. J. C.] & Oyakawa [O. T.] 2022:3, Figs. 1-9 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 100 (no. 5); ref. 39194] Fazenda Solar dos Gaviões, at road RJ-126 (Silva Jardim-Santana de Japuíba), small flooded area adjacent to Rio das Panelas, a tributary of Rio São João basin, Cachoeiras de Macacu municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 22°35'19"S, 42°36'12"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125906. Paratypes: MNRJ, MZUSP. •Valid as Listrura menezesi Villa-Verde, de Pinna, Reis & Oyakawa 2022. Current status: Valid as Listrura menezesi Villa-Verde, de Pinna, Reis & Oyakawa 2022. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio São João basin, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

meridae, Trichomycterus Regan [C. T.] 1903:624 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 72) (art. 64); ref. 13401] Merida, and Río Albriegas above Merida, elevation 3500 meters, Venezuela. Syntypes: BMNH 1903.4.28.35-38 (4), 1903.6.30.77-79 (now 3); USNM 133136 [ex BMNH 1903.6.30.77-79] (1). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:43 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus meridae Regan 1903 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[9] [ref. 29569], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:[7] [ref. 32732], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:12 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:11 [ref. 34399], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:17 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:10 [ref. 35579], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus meridae Regan 1903. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Albriegas River drainage, Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

metae, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:694 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Barrigona, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS 58138 [ex IU 13770]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus mete (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:36 [ref. 37559], Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Ituglanis metae (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:43 [ref. 21010], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745], Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis metae (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Colombia and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

microps, Pareiodon Kner [R.] 1855:160 [71], Fig. 2 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 17; ref. 2629] Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 45486 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]. On p. 71 of separate. Spelled Nareiodon in caption to Fig. 2. •Valid as Pareiodon microps Kner 1855 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Proudlove 2006:268 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:950 [ref. 34078], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Pareiodon microps Kner 1855. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

migrans, Pygidium Dahl [G.] 1960:309, Fig. 3 [Novedades Colombianas v. 1 (no. 5); ref. 5836] Río Guayabero, Orinoco System, Colombia. Holotype: ICNMHN 399. Paratypes: (possibly more than a thousand) ICNMHN 400 (683, not 1384). Type catalog: Cala 1981:4-5 [ref. 23525], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:36 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Trichomycterus migrans (Dahl 1960) -- (de Pinna 1998:297 [ref. 23847], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:77 [ref. 35773]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus migrans (Dahl 1960). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Guayabero River, Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

milonga, Scleronema Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2020:34, Figs. 1B, 5C, 14-15 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190081; ref. 37587] Arroio Lageado Araçá, rio Ijuí basin, lower rio Uruguay, Dezesseis de Novembro, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 28°12'23"S, 54°56'58"W. Holotype: MCP 54165. Paratypes: LIRP, MCP, UFRGS. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Scleronema milonga Ferrer & Malabarba 2020 -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Ferrer 2021:245 [ref. 38890], Costa et al. 2022:91 [ref. 39059]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema milonga Ferrer & Malabarba 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Uruguay River basin (southern Brazil and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

mimonha, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1992:106, Fig. 7 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) [for 1991]; ref. 19725] Rio Benfica, Rio Paraiba basin, 2 kilometers north of Piquete, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43343. Paratypes: MNRJ 641 (7), MZUSP 43344 (7). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus mimonha Costa 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:282 [ref. 27061], Barbosa & Costa 2003:282 [ref. 27395], Barbosa & Costa 2003:179 [ref. 27636], Wosiacki & Garavello 2004:3 [ref. 27649], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471], Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Costa et al. 2022:162 [ref. 39290], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus mimonha Costa 1992. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Benefica River drainage, Paraíba do Sul River basin (São Paulo, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mimosensis, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] 2013:270, Figs. 1-2 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 63 (no. 3); ref. 33106] Estado do Espírito, Santo: Município de Mimoso do Sul,: rio Alto Pratinha, tributary of rio Muqui do Sul, tributary of the rio Itabapoana basin, 21°03'85"S, 41°18'22"W [probably 21°02'20.6"S, 41°18'43"W], Brazil, elevation 660 meters, Holotype: UFRJ 8156. Paratypes: UFRJ 7545 (11), 7792 (5, c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus mimosensis Barbosa 2013 -- (García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus mimosensis Barbosa 2013. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: tributary of the rio Itabapoana basin, Espírito Santo (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

minus, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Vari [R. P.] 2012:632, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2012 (no. 4); ref. 32359] Río Cuevas, 27°04'S, 66°39'W, Departamento Belén, Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina, elevation 2318 meters. Holotype: MCN 1528. Paratypes: MCN 1529 (8), USNM 405319 (1). •Valid as Trichomycterus minus Fernández & Vari 2012 -- (Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus minus Fernández & Vari 2012. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Cuevas, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

minutus, Trichomycterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1891:235, Pl. 26 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1891 (pt 2); ref. 17039] San Lorenzo District, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil [= São Lourenço do Sul, 31°21'55"S, 51°58'42"W]. Lectotype: BMNH 1891.3.16.84. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1891.3.16.85-86 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Ferrer & Malabarba 2020:41 [ref. 37587]. •Valid as Trichomycterus minutus Boulenger 1891 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860] as minutum, Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565] with author in parentheses). •Valid as Scleronema minutum (Boulenger 1891) -- (Malabarba 1989:145 [ref. 14217], Casciotta & Almirón 1996:52 [ref. 25534], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Fernández et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582], Ferrer & Malabarba 2020:40 [ref. 37587], Ferrer 2021:247 [ref. 38890], Koerber et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38894], Costa et al. 2022:93 [ref. 39059], Koerber et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:88 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema minutum (Boulenger 1891). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos, lower Uruguay and lower Paraná River basins (Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

mirissumba, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1992:107, Fig. 8 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) [for 1991]; ref. 19725] Rio Preto, near junction with the Santa Clara Creek, Rio Paraiba basin, Visconde de Mauá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 43345. Paratypes: MNRJ 546 (2), 601 (1), 642 (3); MZUSP 43346 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus mirissumba Costa 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Barbosa & Costa 2003:282 [ref. 27395], Barbosa & Costa 2003:179 [ref. 27636], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:420 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471], Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus mirissumba Costa 1992. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Preto River, Paraíba do Sul River basin (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mogotensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2017:8, Figs. 3, 5B, 6B, 7B, 9 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 10; ref. 35812] Quebrada La Tachuela, afluente del río Mogotes, cuenca del río Fonce, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 790. Paratypes: CAR, FMNH, IAvH-P, IUM. •Valid as Trichomycterus mogotensis Ardila Rodríguez 2017 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus mogotensis Ardila Rodríguez 2017. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Chicamocha drainage, Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

mondolfi, Pygidium Schultz [L. P.] 1945:29, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 35 (no. 1); ref. 13152] Quebrado Chacaito near Caracas, Estado de Mirando, Río Tuy system, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 120377. Paratypes: USNM 120378 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus mondolfi (Schultz 1945) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:11 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:10 [ref. 35579], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus mondolfi (Schultz 1945). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Tuy River basin, Caribbean drainage, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

montesi, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2016:5, Figs. 1, 5A, 6A, 7 [No. 2; ref. 35108] Quebrada del Cinco, afluente del río Manaure, parte alta, Serranía del Perijá, Cuenca del río Magdalena, municipio de Manaure, Departamento del Cesar - Colombia, elevation 1434 meters. Holotype: CAR 681. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH-P, ICNMHN. •Valid as Trichomycterus montesi Ardila Rodríguez 2016 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:11 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus montesi Ardila Rodríguez 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

motatanensis, Pygidium emanueli Schultz [L. P.] 1944:260, Pl. 6 (fig. A) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río San Juan at the bridge south of Mene Grande, Motatán system, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121232. Paratypes: MCZ 37282 [ex USNM 121233] (1), USNM 121233 (5, now 4). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus emanueli (Schultz 1944), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Trichomycterus motatanensis (Schultz 1944) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[9] [ref. 29569], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:[7] [ref. 32732], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:11 [ref. 34399], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:17 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:10 [ref. 35579], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:11 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus motatanensis (Schultz 1944). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

mucuriensis, Microcambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.] & Rangel-Pereira [F. S.] 2019:1839, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Natural History v. 53 (no. 29-30); ref. 37015] Rio Mucuri close to the bridge on road BR-101, Município de Mucuri, Estado da Bahia, Brazil, 18.098°S, 39.893°W, elevation about 25 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12123. Paratypes: CICCA, UFRJ. •Valid as Microcambeva mucuriensis Costa, Katz, Mattos & Rangel-Pereira 2019 -- (Costa et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37273], Costa & Katz 2021:331 [ref. 38742], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva mucuriensis Costa, Katz, Mattos & Rangel-Pereira 2019. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Mucuri drainage, Bahia (eastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

multidentatus, Ammoglanis Costa [W. J. E. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.] & Santos [A. C. A.] 2019:62, Figs. 1-2 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 70 (no. 1); ref. 37125] Rio Caldeirão, Rio Paraguaçu basin, Município de Lençóis, Estado da Bahia, Brazil, 12°39'33"S, 41°22'13"W, elevation about 340 meters. Holotype: MNRJ 51340. Paratypes: MNRJ, UEFS, UFRJ. •Valid as Ammoglanis multidentatus Costa, Mattos & Santos 2019 -- (Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Henschel et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37837], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Ammoglanis multidentatus Costa, Mattos & Santos 2019. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: South America: Rio São José drainage, upper Rio Paraguaçu basin, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mutabilicolor, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa, Mattos, Lopes, Amorim & Katz 2022:5, Figs. 2, 3C-D, 4 [Zoological Studies v. 61: 11; ref. 39248] Cachoeira Mato Limpo, Riacho Pedacinho do Céu, Rio Taboão drainage, upper Rio Paraitinga drainage, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, Município de Cunha, São Paulo State, Brazil, 23°09'25"S, 44°51'21"W, elevation about 1335 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12650. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus mutabilicolor Costa 2022 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus mutabilicolor Costa 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Paraitinga drainage, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin (São Paulo State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mutisii, Eremophilus Humboldt [F. H. A. von] 1805:35, Pl. 6 [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland, Deuxième partie v. 1; ref. 2278] Río Bogotá, tributary of Río Magdalena, Colombia. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt 1805 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna 1998:297 [ref. 23847], Fernández & Vari 2000:994 [ref. 25017], Nico 2001:149 [ref. 25828], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:277 [ref. 26539] as mutisi, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2014:707 [ref. 35109], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt 1805. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Magdalena basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

nabusimakensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:11, Fig. 3 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Vereda Nabusímake, Pueblo Bello municipality, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Departamento del Cesar, Colombia, elevation 1800 meters. Holotype: CAR 792. Paratypes: CAR, MHNLS. Type locality amended by DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386]. •Valid as Trichomycterus nabusimakensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018 -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus nabusimakensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Río Fundación basin, Departamento del Cesar, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

naipi, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & Garavello [J. C.] 2004:2, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 27649] Rio São João, tributary of rio da Várzea (Iguaçu Basin), near Lagoinha, 25°55'S, 49°11'W, Tijucas do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 6699. Paratypes: MPEG 6700 (2), 6701 (1), 6702 (2); MZUSP 38788 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus naipi Wosiacki & Garavello 2004 -- (Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Ferrer & Malabarba 2013:217 [ref. 32750], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471]). •Valid as Cambeva naipi (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva naipi (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

natgeorum, Ammoglanis Henschel [E.], Lujan [N. K.] & Baskin [J. N.] 2020:3, Figs. 2-3, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b [Journal of Fish Biology v. 97 (no. 5); ref. 37837] East bank of the Atabapo River mouth, base of Guapasucia Stone, adjacent to the town of San Fernando de Atabapo (middle of the Atabapo River channel), Orinoco basin, Amazonas State, Venezuela, 4°1'53.54"N, 67°41'49.34"W, elevation about 80 meters. Holotype: MHNLS 26155. Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, ROM. •Valid as Ammoglanis natgeorum Henschel, Lujan & Baskin 2020. Current status: Valid as Ammoglanis natgeorum Henschel, Lujan & Baskin 2020. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Atabapo River drainage, Orinoco basin, Amazonas State, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

nebulosus, Ituglanis de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Keith [P.] 2003:874, Figs. 1-2 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 116 (no. 4); ref. 27381] Arataye River (tributary of Approuague River), near the natural preserve "Reserve naturelle des Nouragues", 04°00'22"N, 52°36'34"W, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 2001-1128. Paratypes: MNHN 2001-1129 (1), MZUSP 69574 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ituglanis nebulosus de Pinna & Keith 2003 -- (Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Campos-Paiva & Costa 2007:54 [ref. 29139], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Wosiacki et al. 2012:551 [ref. 32291], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320], Donin et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40190]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis nebulosus de Pinna & Keith 2003. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Northern South America: Approuague River basin (French Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.

nematopteryx, Listrura de Pinna [M. C. C.] 1988:115, Figs. 1-2 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 95 (no. 1); ref. 5999] Marsh which is source of creek later joining Ribeirão Imbariê, tributary of Rio Estrela, Localidade de Piabetá, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 36974. Paratypes: MHNG 2385.80 (3); MNRJ 10970 (9); MZUSP 36975 (12), 37137 (18); ZMA 119463 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Listrura nematopteryx de Pinna 1988 -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Nico & de Pinna 1996:29 [ref. 22300], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Landim & Costa 2002:155 [ref. 25896], de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002:721 [ref. 26545], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], Villa-Verde & Costa 2006:44 [ref. 28570], Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155], Villa-Verde et al. 2012:527 [ref. 32250], Villa-Verde et al. 2014:641 [ref. 33099], Costa & Katz 2021:324 [ref. 38742], Villa-Verde et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39194]). Current status: Valid as Listrura nematopteryx de Pinna 1988. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: Estrela River basin in Rio de Janeiro State and Picinguaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

nemurus, Stegophilus Günther [A.] 1869:429 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1869 (pt 2); ref. 5780] Upper Amazon River, Peru. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1869.5.21.9. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pseudostegophilus nemurus (Günther 1869) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2015:950 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], DoNacimiento et al. in Lasso & Morales-Betancourt 2022:262 [ref. 40783]). Current status: Valid as Pseudostegophilus nemurus (Günther 1869). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

nheengatu, Ammoglanis Canto [A. L. C.], Hercos [A. P.] & Ribeiro [F. R. V.] 2022:3, Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 20 (no. 2): e210122; ref. 39366] Igarapé Branco, tributary to Aruri Grande, rio Jamanxim drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Itaituba Municipality, Pará State, Brazil, 05°24'9.07"S, 55°52'59.01"W. Holotype: INPA 59653. Paratypes: IDSM, INPA, UFOPA. •Valid as Ammoglanis nheengatu Canto, Hercos & Ribeiro 2022. Current status: Valid as Ammoglanis nheengatu Canto, Hercos & Ribeiro 2022. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: South America: rio Jamanxim drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Pará State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

nietoi, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2014:2, 1-2, 4-7 [ ref. 33769] Quebrada Kemakumake, tributary of río Guachaca, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Departamento del Magdalena, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 650. Paratypes: CAR, IAvHP, MBUCV-V, MCNG, MHNLS. Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:418 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Trichomycterus nietoi Ardila Rodríguez 2014 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2016:11 [ref. 34399], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:15 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:10 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus nietoi Ardila Rodríguez 2014. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Guachaca drainage, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

nigricans, Trichomycterus Valenciennes [A.] 1832:348 [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 4503] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: ? MNHN B-0251. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. Unneeded replacement for Eremophilus mulisii Humboldt 1805; in prevailing usage as a different genus and species. Genus misspelled Thrychomycterus in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:485 (but spelled correctly on p. 494 [ref. 1011]). •Valid as Trichomycterus nigricans Valenciennes 1832 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Arratia 1998:349 [ref. 23661], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Maldonado-Ocampo & Albert 2004:5 [ref. 27978], Lima & Costa 2004:3 [ref. 27979], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Costa et al. 2020:2911 [ref. 37529], Reis et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37862], Costa et al. 2020:81 [ref. 38088], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus nigricans Valenciennes 1832. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Macacu basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

nigroauratus, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2008:175, Figs. 1-2, 7A, 8A [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 4); ref. 29961] Cachoeira da Usina, rio do Barreiro, tributary of rio Paraíba do Sul basin, 22°40'29.5"S, 44°34'49.6"W, Município de São José do Barreiro, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil, elevation 600 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6034. Paratypes: many at UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus nigroauratus Barbosa & Costa 2008 -- (Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2010:194 [ref. 31070], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Datovo et al. 2012:35 [ref. 31994], Katz & Barbosa 2014:3 [ref. 33418], Costa et al. 2020:81 [ref. 38088], Costa et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39248], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus nigroauratus Barbosa & Costa 2008. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraíba do Sul basin (São Paulo, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

nigromaculatus, Trichomycterus Boulenger [G. A.] 1887:349 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 19 (no. 113); ref. 17018] Colombia. Syntypes: BMNH 1880.2.26.16-17 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus nigromaculatus Boulenger 1887 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860] as nigromaculatum, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:10 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:10 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:11 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:15 [ref. 35108], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus nigromaculatus Boulenger 1887. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Departamento del Magdalena, Andes of Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

niobium, Glanapteryx de Pinna [M. C. C.] 1998:36, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 111 (no. 1); ref. 23575] Lago Esperança, Pico da Neblina National Park, Morro dos Seis Lagos, about 0°17'N, 66°41'W, Amazonas State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): INPA 12421. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Glanapteryx niobium de Pinna 1998 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002:721 [ref. 26545], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:493 [ref. 31517]). Current status: Valid as Glanapteryx niobium de Pinna 1998. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Morro dos Seis Lagos, Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

notabilis, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:680, Figs. 9, 11I, 12I, 13I [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Upper Rio Braço Esquerdo, Rio Braço do Norte drainage, Rio Tubarão basin, Grão Pará Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°08'02"S, 49°24'54"W, elevation about 610 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6965. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva notabilis Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva notabilis Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Braço Esquerdo drainage, Rio Braço do Norte, Rio Tubarão basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

novalimensis, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2010:112, Figs. 7, 17 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 30782] Small stream tributary of Córrego de Mutuca, to right side of road Belo Horizonte-Nova Lima, kilometer 20, Rio São Francisco basin, Município de Nova Lima, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, elevation 890 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 104536. Paratypes: MZUSP 37145 (15). •Valid as Trichomycterus novalimensis Barbosa & Costa 2010 -- (Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus novalimensis Barbosa & Costa 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio São Francisco basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

obliquus, Ammoglanis Henschel [E.], Bragança [P. H. N.], Rangel-Pereira [F.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2020:68, Figs. 1-5 [Zoosystematics and Evolution v. 96 (no. 1); ref. 37312] Sandbank at small stream, Preto da Eva River drainage, Amazon River basin, Rio Preto da Eva municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil, 02°46'27"S, 59°38'58"W, elevation about 20 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12477. Paratypes: INPA, UFRJ. •Valid as Ammoglanis obliquus Henschel, Bragança, Rangel-Pereira & Costa 2020 -- (Henschel et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37837]). Current status: Valid as Ammoglanis obliquus Henschel, Bragança, Rangel-Pereira & Costa 2020. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Preto da Eva River drainage, Amazon River basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ocanaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2011:1, Figs. 1, 3-6; unnumbered Pls. 1-2 [Peces del Departamento de Santander - Colombia. No. 1; ref. 32732] Rio Teja, afluente del rio Algodonal, cuenca alto del río Catatumbo, municipio de Ocaña. 8°14'15"N, 73°02'26"E, Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1202 meters. Holotype: CAS 390. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-35378 (5) [ex CAR 386]; CAR 17 (2), 381 (55), 382 (7), 383 (13), 384 (11), 385 (7), 386 (77); IAvH-P 11115 (5); ICNMNH 16919 [ex CAR 386] (7). Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:418 [ref. 34787], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:39 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Trichomycterus ocanaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2011 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2014:10 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:11 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:15 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:10 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:12 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus ocanaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2011. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

operculatum, Scleronema Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:691 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Cacequy, Brazil [= Cacequi, rio Cacequi, rio Ibicuí basin, Rio Grande do Sul, about 29°53'58"S, 54°50'24"W]. Holotype: FMNH 58080 [ex CM 7077]. Paratypes: FMNH 58520 (3, ex CM 7539). Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:78 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Scleronema operculatum Eigenmann 1917 -- (Burgess 1989:304 [ref. 12860] as operculatus, Casciotta & Almirón 1996:52 [ref. 25534], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:38 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:413 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Fernández et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Ferrer & Malabarba 2020:53 [ref. 37587], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Ferrer 2021:249 [ref. 38890], Costa et al. 2022:92 [ref. 39059]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema operculatum Eigenmann 1917. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Ibicuí drainage, Uruguay River basin (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

orbitofrontalis, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:669, Figs. 4, 11D, 12D, 13D [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Cascata do Salto Branco, Rio Pio, Rio Mãe Luzia drainage, Rio Araranguá basin, village of Santo Antônio, Treviso Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°29'23"S, 49°31'22"W, elevation about 385 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6953. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva orbitofrontalis Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva orbitofrontalis Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Araranguá basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

orinoco, Ochmacanthus Myers [G. S.] 1927:130 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Playa Matepalma, Orinoco River system, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): CAS 76355 [ex IU 17698]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ochmacanthus orinoco Myers 1927 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:947 [ref. 34078], Neto & de Pinna 2016:[8] [ref. 34386], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Ochmacanthus orinoco Myers 1927. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: Negro and Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

oroyae, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:51 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Rio Oroya, Pochachara, Brazil. Syntypes: MCZ 3955 (8). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Trichomycterus oroyae (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus oroyae (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Andes and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

orthiocarinatus, Copionodon de Pinna [M. C. C.] 1992:188, Figs. 3-4 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 106 (no. 3); ref. 21084] Rio Mucujê, tributary of Rio Paraguaçu, Bahia, Brazil, about 13°00'S, 41°23'W, elevation 1200 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 42463. Paratypes: MZUSP 42464 (2, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Copionodon orthiocarinatus de Pinna 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:624 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:167 [ref. 22901] as orthocarinatus, Campanario & de Pinna 2000:369 [ref. 25080], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155], Bichuette et al. 2008:302 [ref. 29835], de Pinna et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35972], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Copionodon orthiocarinatus de Pinna 1992. Trichomycteridae: Copionodontinae. Distribution: South America: Mucujê River, tributary to Paraguaçu River, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

oscarleoni, Paravandellia Henschel [E.], Baskin [J. N.], Collins [R.] & Lujan [N. K.] 2024:7, Figs. 1-3, 4D, 5D, 6D [American Museum Novitates No. 4024; ref. 41248] Caño Soromoni, 11.8 km WNW of La Esmeralda, Ventuari-Orinoco drainage basin, Amazonas State, Venezuela, 3.1938°, -65.65197°, elevation about 124 meters. Holotype: AUM 57772. Paratypes: AMNH, AUM, ROM. •Valid as Paravandellia oscarleoni Henschel, Baskin, Collins & Lujan 2024. Current status: Valid as Paravandellia oscarleoni Henschel, Baskin, Collins & Lujan 2024. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: upper Orinoco River drainage, Amazonas State, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

oxyptera, Paravandellia Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1912:29 [Loricariidae, Callichthyidae, Doradidae e Trichomycteridae Annexo no. 5; ref. 3718] Cáceres, Rio Paraguay, Motto Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 790. Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:405 [ref. 12732], Miranda Ribeiro 1954:16 [ref. 21988], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. See Britski et al. 1999:92 [ref. 24147]. •Valid as Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565] with authors as Devincenzi & Vaz-Ferreira 1939, Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Ferrer 2021:256 [ref. 38890], Loureiro et al. 2023:90 [ref. 40506], Henschel et al. 2024:32 [ref. 41248]). Current status: Valid as Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná, Paraguay and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

pachonensis, Silvinichthys Fernández [L.] & Liotta [J.] 2016:376, Figs. 1, 4a [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 4) for Dec.; ref. 34919] El Pachón, near Río Santa Cruz, departamento Calingasta, Provincia de San Juan, Argentina, 31°44'01"S, 70°17'19"W, elevation 3048 meters. Holotype: MPSZI 1381. Paratypes: CFA-IC 11807 [ex ILPLA 1807] (1); MPSZI 1382 (1). Type catalog: Bogan et al. 2019:16 [ref. 37088]. •Valid as Silvinichthys pachonensis Fernández & Liotta 2016 -- (Koerber et al. 2017:5 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Silvinichthys pachonensis Fernández & Liotta 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Andean cordillera of San Juan (Argentina), Habitat: freshwater.

pallens, Trichomycterus Philippi [R. A.] 1866:715 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866 (for 15 Nov. 1866); ref. 14056] Chile. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155] as palleus, Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

panthera, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:670, Figs. 5, 11E, 12E, 13E [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Stream tributary of Rio Pedras Grandes, Rio Tubarão basin, village of Azambuja, Pedras Grandes Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°28'37"S, 49°11'41"W, elevation about 245 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6984. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva panthera Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021 -- (Costa et al. 2022:123 [ref. 39212]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva panthera Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Pedras Grandes drainage, Rio Tubarão basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pantherinus, Trichomycterus Alencar [A. R.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2004:2, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa No. 744; ref. 27991] Below waterfall near Fazenda Sete Quedas, Rio da Prata, Rio Santa Maria da Victória basin, 20°03'15.9"S, 40°32'20.5'W, Município Santa Leopoldina, Estado de Espírito Santo, Brazil, elevation 377 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6001. Paratypes: MCP 35209 (6); UFRJ 5659 (22), 5660 (6, c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus pantherinus Alencar & Costa 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2012:156 [ref. 32045], Barbosa 2013:274 [ref. 33106], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus pantherinus Alencar & Costa 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Da Prata River, Santa Maria da Vitória River basin, Espírito Santo (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

panzeri, Henonemus Ahl [E.] 1931:210, Fig. 3 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1931 (nos. 4-7); ref. 16254] Rio Capim, Pará State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 32653 (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Stegophilus panzeri (Ahl 1931) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:952 [ref. 34078]). Current status: Valid as Stegophilus panzeri (Ahl 1931). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: Lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

paolence, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:698 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Rio Tietê at Alto da Serra, São Paulo State, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 58085 [ex CM 7081]. Paratypes or additional material: (10) FMNH 58575 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus paolence (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Trajano & de Pinna 1996:89 [ref. 22915], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155] dated 1918, Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos 2012:360 [ref. 32318], Fernández et al. 2015:11 [ref. 35041]). •Valid as Cambeva paolence (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Martins et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41475]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva paolence (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná River basin (São Paulo State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

papilliferus, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & Garavello [J. C.] 2004:5, Fig. 3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 27649] Rio Jordão near its mouth, tributary of rio Iguaçu (rio Paraná Basin), 25°45'S, 52°10'W, Jordão reservoir, Foz do Jordão, Paraná State, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 6692. Paratypes: MPEG 6693-94 (4, 3), 6703 (1); NUPELIA 1615 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Oliveira et al. 2022:31 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Trichomycterus papilliferus Wosiacki & Garavello 2004 -- (Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Ferrer & Malabarba 2013:217 [ref. 32750], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364]). •Valid as Cambeva papillifera (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004) -- (Costa et al. 2021:148 [ref. 38175], Martins et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41475]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva papillifera (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River drainage, Paraná River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

paquequerense, Pygidium Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1943:2, Fig. [Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia, Nova Série No. 9; ref. 10390] Rio Paquequer Grande, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 1159. Type information: Miranda Ribeiro 1954:11 [ref. 21988]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. Genus Trichomycterus is masculine, therefore correction to paquequerensis. •Synonym of Trichomycterus immaculatus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Costa et al. 2020:2923 [ref. 37529]). •Valid as Trichomycterus paquequerensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1943) (often spelled paquequerense) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860], Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471] as paquequerense, Reis & de Pinna 2022:61 [ref. 39360]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus paquequerensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1943). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul River basin, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

paraguassuensis, Ituglanis Campos-Paiva [R. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2007:55, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa No. 1471; ref. 29139] Rio Paraguaçu near Iassu, Estado da Bahia, Brazil, 12°45'S, 40°12'W. Holotype: LIRP 5780. Paratypes: LIRP 5834 (5); UFRJ 7209 (1), 7282 (1, c&s); USNM 301016 (5). •Valid as Ituglanis paraguassuensis Campos-Paiva & Costa 2007 -- (Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis paraguassuensis Campos-Paiva & Costa 2007. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguaçu River, Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

parahybae, Pygidium proops var. Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:332 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 5); ref. 1239] Rio Parahyba at São João da Barra, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 58576 [ex CM 7598]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ituglanis parahybae (Eigenmann 1918) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:44 [ref. 21010], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Datovo & de Pinna 2014:5 [ref. 33135], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:484 [ref. 36234], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]), Current status: Valid as Ituglanis parahybae (Eigenmann 1918). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Paraíba do Sul and São Jaão River basins (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pardus, Trichomycterus Cope [E. D.] 1874:132 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 26; ref. 931] Peru [Jequetepeque]. Holotype (?): ANSP 22004. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2014:726 [ref. 33632]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

parkoi, Pygidium Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1944:1, Fig. [Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia, Nova Série No. 19; ref. 9906] Rio Javarí [River Iticoaí], Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 3849. Type information: Miranda Ribeiro 1954:11 [ref. 21988]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus parkoi (Miranda Ribeiro 1944) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Ituglanis parkoi (Miranda Ribeiro 1944) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:43 [ref. 21010], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Datovo et al. 2016:440 [ref. 34783], Mendonça et al. 2018:485 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis parkoi (Miranda Ribeiro 1944). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

parva, Paracanthopoma Giltay [L.] 1935:1, Figs. 1-3 [Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique v. 11 (no. 27); ref. 1796] Upper Rio Catrimani, affluent of Rio Branco, Roraima, Brazil. Lectotype: IRSNB 43. Paralectotype: IRSNB 602 (1). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:16-17 [ref. 20755], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Henschel et al. 2021 [ref. 38806]. •Valid as Paracanthopoma parva Giltay 1935 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], Schmidt 1993:185 [ref. 22299], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633] with no species, Dagosta & de Pinna 2021:16 [ref. 38286], Henschel et al. 2021:6 [ref. 38711], Henschel et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38806], de Pinna & Dagosta 2022:47 [ref. 39792], Taphorn et al. 2022:57 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma parva Giltay 1935. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: uplands of the Amazon, Essequibo and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

pascuali, Trichomycterus Ochoa [L. E.], Silva [G. S. C.], Costa e Silva [G. J.], Oliveira [C.] & Datovo [A.] 2017:551, Figs. 1-3 [Zootaxa 4319 (no. 3); ref. 35582] Unnamed tributary of Tamanduá river, Paranapanema Basin, Municipality of Itatinga, São Paulo State, Brazil, 23°13'27.06"S, 48°31'45.34"W, elevation approximately 600 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 121681. Paratypes: LBP, MZUSP. •Valid as Cambeva pascuali (Ochoa, Silva, Costa e Silva, Oliveira & Datovo 2017) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Katz & Costa 2020:11 [ref. 37397], Costa et al. 2020:720 [ref. 37907]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva pascuali (Ochoa, Silva, Costa e Silva, Oliveira & Datovo 2017). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Paranapanema River drainage, upper Paraná basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

passarellii, Stegophilus Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1944:1, Fig. [Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia, Nova Série No. 20; ref. 9904] Córrego do Barro Branco, Baia de Guanabara, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 3783. Paratypes: MNRJ 3784 (3). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1954:14 [ref. 21988], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Stegophilus passarellii Miranda Ribeiro 1944 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Homodiaetus passarellii (Miranda Ribeiro 1944) -- (Bizerril 1994:624 [ref. 22673] as passareli, Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901] as passareli, Koch 2002:40 [ref. 26425], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:944 [ref. 34078]). Current status: Valid as Homodiaetus passarellii (Miranda Ribeiro 1944). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: Coastal basins of southeastern Brazil in State of Rio de Janeiro. Habitat: freshwater.

passensis, Ituglanis Fernández [L.] & Bichuette [M. E.] 2002:274, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 3); ref. 26539] Subterranean stream in the Tocantins drainage, 13°36'S, 46°23'W, Passa Três cave, São Domingos, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 27382. Paratypes: MCP 12941 (3, c&s); MFA-ZV 554-1 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ituglanis passensis Fernández & Bichuette 2002 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Bichuette & Trajano 2004:244 [ref. 27856], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Proudlove 2006:149 [ref. 28992], Castellanos-Morales 2007:49 [ref. 29323], Ferraris 2007:407 [ref. 29155], Bichuette & Trajano 2008:13 [ref. 29571], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Rizzato & Bichuette 2015:577 [ref. 33676], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:485 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis passensis Fernández & Bichuette 2002. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Tocantins basin, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

patagoniensis, Hatcheria Eigenmann [C. H.] 1909:250, Pl. 33 (f.2), Pl. 34 (f.1) [The fresh-water fishes of Patagonia v. 3 (pt 3); ref. 1223] Río Blanco at base of Andes, Patagonia, Argentina, 47°30'S, 72°W. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. Paratypes: (orig. 8) CAS 63844 [ex IU 11370] (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus patagoniensis (Eigenmann 1909) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1981:99 [ref. 6024], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pauciradiatus, Trichomycterus Alencar [A. R.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2006:44, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa No. 1269; ref. 28959] Córrego Debaixo, stream tributary of córrego Aguna Limpa, rio Paraná basin, 21°26'40"S, 44°36'09"W, Municíipio de Carrancas, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 5831. Paratypes: MCP 38978 (6); UFRJ 5807 (22), 5807 (22), 5808 (6, c&s), 5830 (1), •Valid as Trichomycterus pauciradiatus Alencar & Costa 2006 -- (Ferraris 2007:440 [ref. 29155], Datovo et al. 2012:36 [ref. 31994], Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos 2012:360 [ref. 32318], Costa & Katz 2021:18 [ref. 38252], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus pauciradiatus Alencar & Costa 2006. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Grande drainage, Paraná River basin (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

paulensis, Pseudostegophilus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] (ex Ihering) 1918:727 [22] [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 10; ref. 3723] Avanhandava, Rio Tietê, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Type catalog: Britski 1969:206 [ref. 12401], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. On p. 22 of separate. •Status uncertain -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Parastegophilus paulensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1918) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Pseudostegophilus paulensis Miranda Ribeiro 1918 -- (DoNascimiento 2015:950 [ref. 34078], Geller et al. 2023:67 [ref. 40729]). Current status: Valid as Pseudostegophilus paulensis Miranda Ribeiro 1918. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraná River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

payaya, Trichomycterus Sarmento-Soares [L. M.], Zanata [A. M.] & Martins-Pinheiro [R. F.] 2011:262, Figs. 1-7 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 31385] Riacho Olhos d'água on road BA-131, tributary to rio Itapicuru-mirim, rio Itapicuru drainage, between Miguel Calmon and Jacobina, 11°20'19.5"S, 40°36'21.9"W, Miguel Calmon, Bahia, Brazil, elevation 505 meters. Holotype: MNRJ 36665. Paratypes: ANSP 190965 (2); MBML 2559 (1), 2560 (1 c&s); MNRJ 36666 (2); MZUSP 88164 (8); UFBA 5284 (2, 1 c&s); •Valid as Trichomycterus payaya Sarmento-Soares, Zanata & Martins-Pinheiro 2011 -- (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013:217 [ref. 32750], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809]). •Valid as Ituglanis payaya (Sarmento-Soares, Zanata & Martins-Pinheiro 2011) -- (Costa et al. 2021:4 [ref. 39066], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis payaya (Sarmento-Soares, Zanata & Martins-Pinheiro 2011). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: headwaters of rio Itapicuru-mirim basin, northern Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pearsoni, Tridentopsis Myers [G. S.] 1925:84 [Copeia No. 148; ref. 3093] Lagoons at Lake Rogoagua, Bolivia. Holotype: CAS 28258 [ex IU 17664]. Paratypes: CAS 28259 [ex IU 17277] (19, now 17), 56200 [ex CAS 28259] (2 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Tridentopsis pearsoni Myers 1925 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], Azpelicueta 1990:987 [ref. 19207], Chang & Ortega 1995:4 [ref. 24302], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745] as cf. pearsoni, Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Fernández et al. 2015:13 [ref. 35041], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Tridentopsis pearsoni Myers 1925. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Ecuador?, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

pecten, Copionodon de Pinna [M. C. C.] 1992:182, Figs. 1-2 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 106 (no. 3); ref. 21084] Rio Mucujê, tributary of River Paraguaçu, Bahia, Brazil, about 13°00'S, 41°23'W, elevation 1200 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 42461. Paratypes: AMNH 94439 (2), MZUSP 42462 (33, 5 c&s), USNM 316023 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Copionodon pecten de Pinna 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:624 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:167 [ref. 22901], de Pinna 1998:298 [ref. 23847], Campanario & de Pinna 2000:369 [ref. 25080], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:404 [ref. 29155], Bichuette et al. 2008:302 [ref. 29835], Fernández et al. 2015:14 [ref. 35041], de Pinna et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35972], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Copionodon pecten de Pinna 1992. Trichomycteridae: Copionodontinae. Distribution: South America: Mucujê River, tributary to Paraguaçu River, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pedernalensis, Silvinichthys Fernández [L.], Sanabria [E. A.] & Quiroga [L. B.] 2017:42, Fig. 1 [Animal Biodiversity and Conservation v. 40 (no. 1); ref. 35112] Río Pedernal, Departamento Sarmiento, Provincia de San Juan, Argentina, 31°59'S, 68°44'W, elevation 1.092 meters. Holotype: FACEN 0071. Paratypes: FACEN. •Valid as Silvinichthys pedernalensis Fernández, Sanabria & Quiroga 2017 -- (Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Silvinichthys pedernalensis Fernández, Sanabria & Quiroga 2017. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Pedernal, San Juan (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

pentlandi, Trichomycterus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:49, Pl. 24 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Lake near Mission Sarayacu which connects to Río Ucayali, Peru. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0608. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:62 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pericoh, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:664, Figs. 2, 11B, 12B, 13B [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Rio Pericó, tributary of Rio Lava-Tudo, Rio Pelotas drainage, Rio Uruguai basin, village of Pericó, São Joaquim Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°09'40"S, 49°45'21"W, elevation about 1,170 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6969. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva pericoh Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva pericoh Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Pelotas drainage, Rio Uruguai basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

perkos, Trichomycterus Datovo [A.], Carvalho [M.] & Ferrer [J.] 2012:34, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 3327; ref. 31994] Uruguai River basin, Passo Fundo River, under the bridge on BR-285 road, ca. 28°14'07"S, 52°24'53"W, Passo Fundo Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State Brazil. Holotype: MCP 46679. Paratypes: many at LIRP. MCP, MAUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Trichomycterus perkos Datovo, Carvalho & Ferrer 2012 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Terán et al. 2017:11 [ref. 35391]). •Valid as Cambeva perkos (Datovo, Carvalho & Ferrer 2012) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Katz & Costa 2020:11 [ref. 37397], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Ferrer 2021:232 [ref. 38890]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva perkos (Datovo, Carvalho & Ferrer 2012). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: tributaries of the Paranapanema and Uruguai river basins (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

perobana, Cambeva Martins [I. C.], Reis [R. B. dos], Stabile [B. H. M.] & Graça [W. J. da] 2024:5, Figs. 1-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 3): e230140; ref. 41475] Rio Mouro, tributary of rio Goioerê, rio Piquiri basin, upper rio Paraná basin, municipality of Tuneiras do Oeste, Paraná State, Brazil, 23°52'54"S, 52°49'46"W. Holotype: NUP 23907. Paratypes: MCP, NUP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Cambeva perobana Martins, Reis, Stabile & da Graça 2024. Current status: Valid as Cambeva perobana Martins, Reis, Stabile & da Graça 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Piquiri and Ivaí River drainages, upper Paraná River basin, Paraná State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

phaneronema, Branchioica Miles [C.] 1943:32, Fig. 8 [Publicaciones de la Secretaria de Agricultura y Fomento del Departamento, Cali 1943; ref. 13211] Río Cauca, Colombia. Holotype: lost. Paratypes: MCZ 35874 (1), USNM 120141 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:41 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]. De Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061] list p. 367 and fig. 1 for this species in Miles 1943, but no reference is included in their literature cited with these numbers. •Valid as Branchioica phaneronema Miles 1943 -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], Román-Valencia 1998:299 [ref. 27071]). •Valid as Paravandellia phaneronema (Miles 1943) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Henschel et al. 2024:32 [ref. 41248]). Current status: Valid as Paravandellia phaneronema (Miles 1943). Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Magdalena, Cauca and Pacific coastal River basins, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

picinguabae, Listrura Villa-Verde [L.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2006:44, Figs. 1-5 [Zootaxa No. 1142; ref. 28570] Picinguaba, small stream tributary to rio da Fazenda, on small road near kiometer 11 of road BR-101, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, about 23°20'S, 44°45'W, Municâpio de Ubatuba, serra do Mar, Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 6111. Paratypes: UFRJ 5948 (1), 5949 (2), 5950 (15), 5951 (4, C&S), 5991 (2), 6138 (5, C&S); MCP 38921 (2). •Valid as Listrura picinguabae Villa-Verde & Costa 2006 -- (Ferraris 2007:445 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:493 [ref. 31517], Villa-Verde et al. 2012:528 [ref. 32250], Villa-Verde et al. 2014:641 [ref. 33099], Costa & Katz 2021:324 [ref. 38742], Villa-Verde et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39194]). Current status: Valid as Listrura picinguabae Villa-Verde & Costa 2006. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: Da Fazenda River tributaries, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pictus, Trichomycterus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:50, Pl. 24 (fig. 2) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. Syntypes: MNHN B-0609 (3). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:62 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pique, Hatcheria MacDonagh [E. J.] 1938:171, Figs. 23-24 [Revista del Museo de La Plata, Sección Zoología N. S., v. 1 (no. 5); ref. 17156] Río Colorado, near la estación Pedro Luro del F.C.S., Argentina. Holotype (unique): MLP 2014 [ex 15-X-36-12]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:11 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Trichomycterus pique (MacDonagh 1938) -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1981:99 [ref. 6024], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], Fernández et al. 2015:9 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pirabitira, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] 2012:358, Fig. 1-2 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 62 (no. 3); ref. 32318] Small stream between Carmo do rio Claro and Conceição da Aparecida, tributary of rio Grande, rio Paraná basin, ca. 21°8′53′′S, 46°14′95′′W, Estado de Minas Gerais: Município de Conceição da Aparecida, Brazil, elevation ca. 960 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 8335. Paratypes: many at UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus pirabitira Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos 2012 -- (Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Costa et al. 2023:15 [ref. 40170], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus pirabitira Barbosa & Azevedo-Santos 2012. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Grande drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

piraquara, Cambeva Reis [R. B. dos], Wosiacki [W. B.], Ferrer [J.], Donin [L. M.] & Graça [W. J. da] 2023:2, Figs. 1-5 [Canadian Journal of Zoology v. 101 (no. 6); ref. 40059] Rio Piraquara, Rio Timbu drainage, upper Rio Iguaçu basin, Rio Paraná system, Piraquara, Paraná State, Brazil, 25°29'23"S, 49°05'26"W, elevation 900 meters. Holotype: MPEG 39144. Paratypes: MCP, MHNCI, MPEG, MZUSP, NUP. •Valid as Cambeva piraquara Reis, Wosiacki, Ferrer, Donin & Graça 2023. Current status: Valid as Cambeva piraquara Reis, Wosiacki, Ferrer, Donin & Graça 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Iguaçu basin (Paraná, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

piratymbara, Trichomycterus Katz [A. M.], Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2013:362, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 4) (for 2012); ref. 32530] João Pinheiro stream, on road to Cristais, 20°53'15"S, 45°33'45"W, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 795 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 8602. Paratypes: UFRJ 7276 (29) 8595 (5 c&s). •Valid as Trichomycterus piratymbara Katz, Barbosa & Costa 2013 -- (Costa & Katz 2021:18 [ref. 38252], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus piratymbara Katz, Barbosa & Costa 2013. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Grande drainage, Paraná river basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

piurae, Pygidium punctulatum Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:63 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Piura, Peru. Holotype: CAS 58119 [ex IU 15224]. Paratypes: (22) CAS 58120 (14), FMNH 58672 (3), 77904 (5). Additional original material: CAS 64589 [ex IU 15061] (14), 64590 [ex IU 15225] (1); ?CAS [ex CM 7675; IU 15223] (4), FMNH 58646-47 (2, 1) Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus punctulatus Valenciennes 1846, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Trichomycterus piurae (Eigenmann 1922) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Reis et al. 2016:17 [ref. 34496], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Valenzuela et al. 2023:95 [ref. 40815]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus piurae (Eigenmann 1922). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Piura River basin, Pacific slope (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

platycephalus, Miuroglanis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:56 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 2; ref. 1253] Rio Jutahy, tributary of Rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 8172. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Miuroglanis platycephalus Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Miuroglanis platycephalus Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: Solimões River basin, upper Amazon River basin, Brazil and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

plazae, Vandellia Günther [A.] 1864:277 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Río Ucayali, Peru. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-3609. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. Unjustified emendation of Vandellia plazaii Castelnau 1855. •Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846 -- (Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]). Unjustified Emend.. Current status: Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

plazaii, Vandellia Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:51, Pl. 28 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Río Ucayali, Peru. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6309. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:63 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. Unjustifiably emended to plazae by Günther 1864:277 [ref. 1974]. •Valid as Vandellia plazaii Castelnau 1855 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Schmidt 1987:235 [ref. 6780] as plazae, Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Vandellia cirrhosa Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

plumbeus, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & Garavello [J. C.] 2004:13, Fig. 8 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 27649] Rio Jordão near its mouth, tributary of rio Iguaçu (rio Paraná basin), 25°45'S, 52°10'W, Jordão reservoir, Foz do Jordão, Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 6686 [? 6689]. Paratypes: MPEG 6687-88 (2, 20); NUPELIA 1614 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], Oliveira et al. 2022:31 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Trichomycterus plumbeus Wosiacki & Garavello 2004 -- (Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:421 [ref. 29155], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). •Valid as Cambeva plumbea (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Martins et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41475]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva plumbea (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

podostemophila, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Amorim & Katz 2023:Figs. 2, 3A, 4A-C [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 305; ref. 40271] Rio Passinho Fundo, tributary of Rio Forquilha, Rio Uruguai basin, near the road BR-285, between Lagoa Vermelha and Caseiros, Lagoa Vermelha Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 28°12'40"S, 51°33'42"W, elevation about 710 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 7026. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva podostemophila Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2023. Current status: Valid as Cambeva podostemophila Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Forquilha drainage, upper Rio Uruguai basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

poeyanus, Trichomycterus Cope [E. D.] 1877:47 [31] [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17; ref. 18033] Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 21382-83 (2) Arequipa. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. On p. 31 of separate. Based on Trichomycterus rivulatus of Cope 1874:132 [ref. 931]. •Valid as Trichomycterus poeyanus Cope 1877 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860] as poeyanum). •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

poikilos, Trichomycterus Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2013:231, Figs. 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c, 6c, 11b, 13, 14 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 32750] Rio Grande do Sul State, municipality of Júlia de Castilhos, arroiro Passo dos Buracos or Tipiaiao on road BR-158, alto rio Jacuí basin, 29°06'50"S, 53°39'04"W, Brazil. Holotype: UFRGS 16239. Paratypes: CIUFSC, MCN, MCP, MPEG, MZUSP, UFRGS. •Valid as Trichomycterus poikilos Ferrer & Malabara 2013 -- (Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Nascimento et al. 2017:511 [ref. 35440]). •Valid as Cambeva poikilos (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Costa et al. 2020:720 [ref. 37907], Ferrer 2021:233 [ref. 38890], Costa et al. 2022:153 [ref. 39052]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva poikilos (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jacuí basin and tributaries of the Rio Taquari-Antas, Laguna dos Patos system (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

potschi, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2003:282, Figs. 1-5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 27395] Rio das Cachoeiras, serra do Matutu, Município de Mangaratiba, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 29061. Paratypes: MCP 29062 (2), UFRJ 3247 (4, 1 c&s), 4727 (11), 4728 (5, c&s). Plus non-types. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus potschi Barbosa & Costa 2003 -- (Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:421-422 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus potschi Barbosa & Costa 2003. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: coastal basins between Mangaratiba and Itaguaí (Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pradensis, Trichomycterus Sarmento-Soares [L. M.], Martins-Pinheiro [R. F.], Aranda [A. T.] & Chamon [C. C.] 2005:291, Figs. 1- 6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 16 (no. 4); ref. 28518] Jucuruçu, rio Jucuruçu, 2 kilometers before the city of Jucuruçu on road Itamaraju-Jucuruçu, middle of rio Jucuruçu basin, 16°50'10"S, 40°08'40"W, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MNRJ 28483. Paratypes: Many lots at AMNH, ANSP, AUM, FLMNH, and MNRJ, Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus immaculatus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889) -- (Reis & de Pinna 2022:55 [ref. 39360]). •Valid as Trichomycterus pradensis Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809], Reis et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37862], Costa & Katz 2022:19 [ref. 38971], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus pradensis Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro, Aranda & Chamon 2005. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Jucuruçu, Bahia (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

proops, Trichomycterus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1908:[3], Fig. 4 [Kosmos, Rio de Janeiro [Rev. Art. Sci. Litt.] v. 5 (no. 2) (for 1907); ref. 3715] Rio Ribeira, Iguapé, Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 781A. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 781B-C (2). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:405 [ref. 12732], Miranda Ribeiro 1954:11 [ref. 21988] as pröps, Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:405 [ref. 12732]. •Valid as Trichomycterus proops Miranda Ribeiro 1908 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Ituglanis proops (Miranda Ribeiro 1908) -- (Costa & Bockmann 1993:43 [ref. 21010], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], de Pinna & Keith 2003:873 [ref. 27831], Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Campos-Paiva & Costa 2007:58 [ref. 29139], Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155], Lima et al. 2013:522 [ref. 32912], Rizzato & Bichuette 2015:598 [ref. 33676], Ferrer et al. 2015:386 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Castro & Wosiacki 2017:216 [ref. 35201], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:485 [ref. 36234], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis proops (Miranda Ribeiro 1908). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: São Paulo State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pseudosilvinichthys, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Vari [R. P.] 2004:876, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 2004 (no. 4); ref. 28047] Río Amarillo at Famatina, 28°55'S, 67°31'W, eastern slope of Sierra de Famantina, Dept. Chilecito, Province de La Rioja, Argentina. Holotype: FML 2588. Paratypes: AMNH 233620 (3); CAS 218432 (1); FMNH 112974 (1); FML 2558 (6, 2 c&s), 2589 (9, 1 c&s), 2595 (2); MLP 7370 (3); USNM 374759 (4, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:11 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], Fernández & Vari 2009:198 [ref. 30062], Koerber 2011:4 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Fernández et al. 2015:11 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: La Rioja Province, western Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

pulex, Ammoglanis de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Winemiller [K. O.] 2000:257, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 3); ref. 25070] Río Paria Grande at bridge on road between Pto. Ayacucho and Samariapo (5°23'N, 67°37'W), Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV V-29040. Paratypes: CAS 98921 (3); MCNG 11172 (6), 35298 (1); MZUSP 42471 (26, 5 c&s), 42472 (6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:403 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ammoglanis pulex de Pinna & Winemiller 2000 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:272 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:403 [ref. 29155], Mattos et al. 2008:161 [ref. 29875], Mattos & Lima 2010:233 [ref. 31040], Reis et al. 2016:13 [ref. 34496], Costa et al. 2019:66 [ref. 37125], Henschel et al. 2020:71 [ref. 37312], Henschel et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37837]). Current status: Valid as Ammoglanis pulex de Pinna & Winemiller 2000. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Paria Grande River, Pamoni River and Caño Garrapata, Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

puna, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.], Contrera [G.] & Bize [J. A.] 2023:Figs. [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 111 (no. 3); ref. 40542] Corral Blanco, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Holotype. Paratypes: •Valid as Trichomycterus puna Fernández, Contrera & Bize 2023. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus puna Fernández, Contrera & Bize 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Corral Blanco drainage, southern Central Andes, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatissimus, Trichomycterus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:49, Pl. 24 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Araguay, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN B-0610 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:62 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus punctatissimus Castelnau 1855 -- (Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860] as punctatissimum, de Pinna 1998:297 [ref. 23847], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus punctatissimus Castelnau 1855. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Stegophilus Boulenger [G. A.] 1887:279, Pl. 21 (fig. 4) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1887 (pt 2) (art. 2) (for 1 Mar. 1887); ref. 532] Canelos, eastern Ecuador. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1880.12.8.89. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Stegophilus punctatus Boulenger 1887 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Henonemus punctatus (Boulenger 1887) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:36 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento & Provenzano 2006:198 [ref. 28681], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2015:943 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:56 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Henonemus punctatus (Boulenger 1887). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

punctulatus, Trichomycterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:488, Pl. 552 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lima, Peru. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3168 (5). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:60-61 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus punctulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:322 [ref. 12860] as punctulatum, Arratia 1998:354 [ref. 23661], Castro et al. 1998:79 [ref. 24271], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195] as punctatus, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], Reis et al. 2016:17 [ref. 34496], Mesa S. et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35987], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" punctulatus, Apaza et al. 2024:373 [ref. 41296]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus punctulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: western Peru endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

puriventris, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2012:156, Figs 1-3 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 62 (no. 2); ref. 32045] Rio Santissimo, tributary of Rio Grande, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, Águas Frias, 2 km north of Santa Maria Madalena, 21°56'48.8"S, 41°58'03.6"W, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, elevation 589 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6005. Paratypes: UFRJ 5397 (23), 5398 (28), 5405 (6 c&s), 5644 (1), 5677 (1) •Valid as Trichomycterus puriventris Barbosa & Costa 2012 -- (Costa et al. 2022:512 [ref. 39820] in subgenus Psammocambeva, Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus puriventris Barbosa & Costa 2012. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraiba do Sul basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

pusillus, Trichomycterus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:50, Pl. 24 (fig. 4) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Amazon or Rio Araguay, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1210 (4). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:63 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155] with comments of first reviser action. •Synonym of Pareiodon microps Kner 1855 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Pareiodon microps Kner 1855. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Habitat: freshwater.

quechuorum, Pygidium Steindachner [F.] 1900:207 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 18); ref. 14771] Arequipa, Río Chile, southern Peru. Syntypes: ZSM [old collection] (5) destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:282 [ref. 28925], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. Originally appeared as above, but later changed to "Pygidium (Trychomycterus Val.) quechuorum nob." when illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1902:137, Pl. 4 (figs. 3-3a) [ref. 10435]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Trichomycterus quechuorum (Steindachner 1900) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus quechuorum (Steindachner 1900). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Chile River, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

quintus, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa, Mattos, Amorim, Vilardo & Katz 2020:76, Figs. 3A-B, 4 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 288; ref. 38088] Lower Rio Marimbondo, near the confluence with Rio Preto, Rio Paraibuna drainage, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, Município de Resende, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 22°20'03"S, 44°32'30"W, elevation about 1000 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12601. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus quintus Costa 2020 -- (Costa et al. 2022:10 [ref. 39248], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus quintus Costa 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Preto drainage, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ramiroi, Ituglanis Bichuette [M. E.] & Trajano [E.] 2004:250, Figs. 7-9 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 3); ref. 27856] São Bernardo Cave, side pool, 13°49'S, 46°21'W, Terra Ronca State Park, São Domingos, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 79865. Paratypes: MZUSP 79866-68 (2 c&s, 3 c&s, 1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Ituglanis ramiroi Bichuette & Trajano 2004 -- (Datovo & Landim 2005:462 [ref. 28558], Saramento-Soares et al. 2006:310 [ref. 28814], Proudlove 2006:150 [ref. 28992], Castellanos-Morales 2007:49 [ref. 29323], Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155], Bichuette & Trajano 2008:13 [ref. 29571], Datovo 2014:467 [ref. 33282], Rizzato & Bichuette 2015:577 [ref. 33676], Ferrer et al. 2015:387 [ref. 33964], Datovo et al. 2016:454 [ref. 34783], Ferrer & Donin 2017:8 [ref. 35614], Mendonça et al. 2018:485 [ref. 36234]). Current status: Valid as Ituglanis ramiroi Bichuette & Trajano 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: São Bernardo Cave, Tocantins River basin, Goiás, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ramosus, Trichomycterus Fernández [L. A.] 2000:350, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 25077] Laguna Blanca, Departamento de Belén, Catamarca, Argentina, elevation 3680 meters. Holotype: FML 2070. Paratypes: FML 2071 (11, 3 c&s). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus ramosus Fernández 2000 -- (Fernández & Vari 2002:742 [ref. 26231], López et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26808], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27366], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Fernández & Osinaga 2006:387 [ref. 28738], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:366 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus ramosus Fernández 2000. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Laguna Blanca basin, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

regani, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:696 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Tado, Río San Juan, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS 64591 [ex IU 13772]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus regani (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Schaefer 2005:73 [ref. 28090], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus regani (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: San Juan River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

reinhardti, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:699 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Rio Itabira at Miguel Burnier, tributary of Rio das Velhas, São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 58081 [ex CM 7078]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:80 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus reinhardti (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Wosiacki & Garavello 2004:3 [ref. 27649], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Alencar & Costa 2006:48 [ref. 28959], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Datovo et al. 2012:36 [ref. 31994], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Costa & Katz 2021:18 [ref. 38252], Reis & de Pinna 2022:74 [ref. 39360], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus reinhardti (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper das Velhas and upper Doce River drainages (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

reinhardtii, Stegophilus Steindachner [F.] 1882:178 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Rio Iça, Montalegre; Manacapuru Lake, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW 44735 (2), 50603 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:28, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Ochmacanthus reinhardtii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860] as reinhardti, Chang & Ortega 1995:4 [ref. 24302] as reinhardti, Le Bail et al. 2000:170 [ref. 24549] as reinhardti, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:276 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:110 [ref. 35745] as Ochomacanthus aff. reinhardtii, Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento 2015:947 [ref. 34078], Neto & de Pinna 2016:[8] [ref. 34386], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39507]). Current status: Valid as Ochmacanthus reinhardtii (Steindachner 1882). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and drainages in French Guiana (Brazil, Ecuador?, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Peru and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.

retropinnis, Trichomycterus Regan [C. T.] 1903:624 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 72) (art. 64); ref. 13401] St. Augustin, Andes of Colombia, elevation 5000 feet. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.8.21.12-13 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus retropinnis Regan 1903 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as retropinne, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:10 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:21 [ref. 31410], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus retropinnis Regan 1903. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Upper Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ribeirae, Microcambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Lima [S. M. Q.] & Bizerril [C. R. S. F.] 2004:3, Figs. 1-2, 3a, 4a, 5 [Zootaxa No. 563; ref. 27842] Rio São Lourencinho, at Bairro São Lourenço, Município de Pedro de Toledo, São Paulo State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 84301. Paratypes: DZSJRP 2297 (1); MNRJ 12314 (1), 14304 (4, 1c&s); MZUSP 49463 (1, c&s), 68169 (3, c&s), 74669 (10), 78617 (5), 79953 (20). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], Andrade et al. 2017:443 [ref. 35588]. •Valid as Microcambeva ribeirae Costa, Lima & Bizerril 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:409 [ref. 29155], Mattos et al. 2008:161 [ref. 29875], Wosiacki et al. 2011:63 [ref. 31139], Costa et al. 2019:1848 [ref. 37015], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2019:585 [ref. 37198], Costa et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37273], Medeiros et al. 2020:121 [ref. 38015], Costa & Katz 2021:333 [ref. 38742], Medeiros et al. 2021:12 [ref. 38396]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva ribeirae Costa, Lima & Bizerril 2004. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: Rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

riojanum, Pygidium Berg [C.] 1897:269 [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 5; ref. 14623] Arroyo of the Cordillera de la Province de La Rioja, Argentina. Holotype (unique): MACN 5175 (destroyed). Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:105 [ref. 23697], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. Gender of species needs research. •Status uncertain -- (Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Trichomycterus riojanus (Berg 1897) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as riojanum, Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195] as riojanum, Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], López et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26808], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:283 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27366], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], Fernández & Vari 2009:198 [ref. 30062], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus riojanus (Berg 1897). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: La Rioja Range, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

rivulatus, Trichomycterus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1846:495 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 18; ref. 1011] Lake Titicaca, affluent of Apurimac, Guasacona, Peru. Syntypes: MNHN B-0586 (2, poor condition) Río Guasacona. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:61 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as rivulatum, Pequeño 1989:41 [ref. 14125], Arratia 1998:354 [ref. 23661], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678] dated 1840, Fernández & Vari 2000:993 [ref. 25017], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195] as rivulatum, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:422 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2014:726 [ref. 33632], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298] as cf. rivulatus, Koerber et al. 2023:2 [ref. 40368]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: high altitude lakes and streams in central Andean range (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

rodriguesi, Glaphyropoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] 1992:196, Figs. 7-8 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 106 (no. 3); ref. 21084] Rio Mucujê, tributary of Rio Paraguaçu, Bahia, Brazil, about 13°00'S, 41°23'W, elevation 1200 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 42465. Paratypes: AMNH 94440 (1), MZUSP 42466 (13, 3 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Glaphyropoma rodriguesi de Pinna 1992 -- (Bizerril 1994:624 [ref. 22673], Burgess & Finley 1996:167 [ref. 22901], Campanario & de Pinna 2000:370 [ref. 25080], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], Bichuette et al. 2008:301 [ref. 29835], de Pinna et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35972], Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Glaphyropoma rodriguesi de Pinna 1992. Trichomycteridae: Copionodontinae. Distribution: South America: Mucujê River, tributary of Paraguaçu River, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

roigi, Trichomycterus Arratia [G.] & Menu-Marque [S.] 1984:494, Figs. 1-10 [Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie v. 111 (no. 4); ref. 8254] Río Pastos Chicos, Jujuy, northern Argentina, 23°24'S, 66°35'W. Holotype: MLP 8537 [ex 29-VIII-83-1]. Paratypes: KU 20187 (5); MLP 8538 [ex 29-VIII-83-2] (9); authors coll. 230281-1 (13, c&s), 230281-2 (16). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], Miquelarena & Nadalin 2014:11 [ref. 33466]. •Valid as Trichomycterus roigi Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984 -- (Fernández & Vari 2000:993 [ref. 25017], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], López et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26808], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27366], Fernádez & Schaefer 2003:357 [ref. 27407], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Fernández et al. 2015:12 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:366 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus roigi Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

romeroi, Pygidium Fowler [H. W.] 1941:4, Figs. 6-8 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 73; ref. 13236] Honda, Colombia. Holotype: ANSP 69331. Paratypes: ANSP 69332-35 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus romeroi (Fowler 1941) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus romeroi (Fowler 1941). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Honda River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

rosablanca, Trichomycterus Mesa S. [L. M.], Lasso [C. A.], Ochoa [L. E.] & DoNascimiento [C.] 2018:99, Figs. 1, 2A, 3, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7 [Biota Colombiana v. 19 (Sup. 1); ref. 35987] Las Sardinas Cave, Las Sardinas Creek, tributary of Horta River, Carare River drainage, Magdalena River basin, El Peñón, Santander, Colombia, 06°05'36.0"N, 73°49'42.7"W, elevation 2308 meters. Holotype: IAVHP 16086. Paratypes: IAVHP. •Valid as Trichomycterus rosablanca Mesa S., Lasso, Ochoa & DoNascimiento 2018 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:5 [ref. 40606], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus rosablanca Mesa S., Lasso, Ochoa & DoNascimiento 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Las Sardinas cave and upper Carare River drainage, Magdalena River basin, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

rotundipinna, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Feltrin, Mattos & Katz 2024:213, Figs. 4J-L, 10, 11 [Evolutionary Systematics v. 8; ref. 41551] Rio da Paca, tributary of Rio Jangada, Rio Iguaçu drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Paca road, Matos Costa Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°25'02"S, 51°15'42"W, elevation about 1000 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 14070. Paratypes: UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva rotundipinna Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Current status: Valid as Cambeva rotundipinna Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio da Paca drainage, Rio Iguaçu basin, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

rubbioli, Trichomycterus Bichuette [M. E.] & Rizzato [P. P.] 2012:51 [Zootaxa No. 3480; ref. 32163] Lapa dos Peixes cave, 13°49'21.78"S, 43°57'24.39"W, middle São Francisco River basin, Carinhanha County, Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 110977. Paratypes: MZUSP 110978 - 110986 (9) Named for Ezio Rubbioli; the spelling rubbioli is treated by the authors as a noun in apposition. •Valid as Trichomycterus rubbioli Bichuette & Rizzato 2012 -- (García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus rubbioli Bichuette & Rizzato 2012. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: caves, middle São Francisco River basin (Bahia State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

rubiginosus, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2010:114, Figs. 8, 18 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 2); ref. 30782] Small stream tributary to Rio Paraopeba, Pedra Vermelha, ca. 20°19'S, 44°01'W, Rio São Francisco basin, Município de Moeda, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, elevation 820 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 104537. Paratypes: MZUSP 37268 (20). •Valid as Trichomycterus rubiginosus Barbosa & Costa 2010 -- (Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus rubiginosus Barbosa & Costa 2010. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio São Francisco basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

ruitoquensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2007:[3], 3 pls.; figs. 1-8 [Peces del Departamento de Santander - Colombia. No. 3; ref. 29569] Río Riofrío, sector "La Clausen", tributary to río de Oro, cuennca alta del río Lebrija, sistema río Magdalena, Municipio de Floridablanca, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1000 meters. Holotype: CAR 340. Paratypes: CAR 37 (66 ex 73), 88 (6), 89 (21), 325 (23), 331 (4), 332 (13); IAvH-P 4342 (22), 4344 (14); ICNMNH 16920 [ex CAR 37] (7); IMCN 4.195 (5), Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:420 [ref. 34787], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:39 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez 2007 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2011:11 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:21 [ref. 31410], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:11 [ref. 34399], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:15 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:10 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:9 [ref. 35926], Mesa S. et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35987], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:12 [ref. 37386], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" ruitoquensis). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez 2007. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Río Magdalena basin (Santander, Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

saci, Paracanthopoma Dagosta [F. C. P.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2021:4, Figs. 1-2 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 61: e20216147; ref. 38286] Rio Taquarizinho, tributary to Rio Taquari, Rio Paraguay drainage, Alcinópolis, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 18°12'14.8"S, 53°34'11.3"W, elevation 363 meters. Holotype: MZUSP 125624. Paratypes: MNRJ, MZUSP. •Valid as Paracanthopoma saci Dagosta & de Pinna 2021 -- (de Pinna & Dagosta 2022:55 [ref. 39792]). Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma saci Dagosta & de Pinna 2021. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Taquari drainage, Rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

sainthilairei, Trichomycterus Katz [A. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] in Costa & Katz 2021:17, Figs. 2H, 2O, 3C-D, 4H, 4Q [Systematics and Biodiversity v. 19 (no. 6); ref. 38252] Córrego Tamborete, Camping Canarinho, Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraná basin, Município de Capitólio, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, 20°38'53"S, 46°09'55"W, elevation 875 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 10215. Paratypes: CICCAA, MNRJ, MZUSP, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus sainthilairei Katz & Costa 2021 -- (Costa et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40170], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus sainthilairei Katz & Costa 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Grande drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

sanchezi, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2024:7, Figs. 1, 2, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 10A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 93; ref. 41039] Quebrada el Higuerón, vereda El Macanillo, municipio Palmas del Socorro, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1200 meters. Holotype: CAR 1005. Paratypes: CAR 1008 (53), CAR 2998 (47). •Valid as Trichomycterus sanchezi Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus sanchezi Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: el Higuerón drainage, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

sandovali, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2006:4, 3 col. Figs., text figs. 1-10. [Peces del Departamento de Santander - Colombia. Barranquilla No. 2; ref. 28863] Don Juan cave, Municipality of Zapatoca, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 116. Paratypes: AS 115 (5). •Valid as Trichomycterus sandovali Ardila Rodríguez 2006 -- (Castellanos-Morales 2011:34 [ref. 31477], Rizzato et al. 2011:478 [ref. 31516], Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:49 [ref. 32163], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Mesa S. et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35987], Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:9 [ref. 40606], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" sandovali). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus sandovali Ardila Rodríguez 2006. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Don Juan Cave, Muncipality of Zapatoca (Santander, Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

sanguinea, Vandellia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:701 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] San Antonio de Rio Madeira, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 58086 [ex CM 7082]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:84 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Plectrochilus sanguineus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Vandellia sanguinea Eigenmann 1917 -- (Schmidt 1987:235 [ref. 6780], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155] dated 1918, Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:58 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Vandellia sanguinea Eigenmann 1917. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

sanmartinensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:13, Fig. 5 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Cano Minas, afluente del río San Alberto, éste desemboca al río Lebrija, municipio de San Martín, Departamento del Cesar, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 803. Paratypes: CAR. •Valid as Trichomycterus sanmartinensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018. •Synonym of Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez 2007 -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus ruitoquensis Ardila Rodríguez 2007. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

santaeritae, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:341, Pl. 52 (fig. 5) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 5); ref. 1239] Rio Preto at Santa Rita, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 58577 [ex CM 7599]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. Originally as santae-ritae. •Valid as Trichomycterus santaeritae (Eigenmann 1918) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], Costa et al. 2020:2919 [ref. 37529], Costa et al. 2020:81 [ref. 38088], Reis & de Pinna 2022:23 [ref. 39360], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus santaeritae (Eigenmann 1918). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Preto drainage, Paraíba do Sul River basin (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

santanderensis, Trichomycterus Castellanos-Morales [C. A.] 2007:50, Figs. 2-3 [Zootaxa No. 1541; ref. 29323] Cave El Puente, 7°09'49"N, 73°17'21"W, Portugal Street, Municipio of Lebrija, upper Lebrija River basin, Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAC-CDMB 035. Paratypes: CAC-CDMB 051 (1). Plus non-type material: CAC-CDMB 050 and 052, dissected. •Valid as Trichomycterus santanderensis Castellanos-Morales 2007 -- (da Silva et al. 2010:50 [ref. 30755], Castellanos-Morales 2011:34 [ref. 31477], Rizzato et al. 2011:478 [ref. 31516], Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:49 [ref. 32163], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Nascimento et al. 2017:511 [ref. 35440], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:4 [ref. 40606], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus santanderensis Castellanos-Morales 2007. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: El Puenta Cave, upper Lebrija River basin, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

santuarioensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2024:14, Figs. 2, 6A, 7D, 10A [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 98; ref. 41346] Cueva El Santuario, Vereda La Calera, municipio de Curití, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 1031. Paratypes: CAR 938 (17). •Valid as Trichomycterus santuarioensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus santuarioensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Cueva El Santuario, municipio de Curití, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

saquarema, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.], Vilardo [P. J.] & Amorim [P. F.] in Costa, Mattos, Vilardo, Amorim & Katz 2022:503, Figs. 2D, 3C, 4D, 13-14 [Taxonomy v. 2; ref. 39820] Rio Roncador, a tributary of the Lagoa de Saquarema, Universalismo road, Saquarema Municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 22°52'56"S, 42°39'02"W, elevation about 90 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13019. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus saquarema Costa, Katz, Vilardo & Amorim 2022 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus saquarema Costa, Katz, Vilardo & Amorim 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Roncador drainage, Paraíba do Sul River basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

sarmientoi, Stenolicmus de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Starnes [W. C.] 1990:77, Fig. 1-2 [Journal of Zoology (London) v. 222 (pt 1); ref. 19505] Río Matos, tributary of Río Apere, 48 kilometers east of San Borja, Ballivia Province, Depto. Beni, Bolivia, 14°55'S, 66°17'W. Holotype: USNM 301664. Paratypes: USNM 301663 (2, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Stenolicmus sarmientoi de Pinna & Starnes 1990 -- (Costa & Bockmann 1994:716 [ref. 21339], Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155], Mattos et al. 2008:161 [ref. 29875], Mattos & Lima 2010:233 [ref. 31040], Wosiacki et al. 2011:66 [ref. 31139], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Stenolicmus sarmientoi de Pinna & Starnes 1990. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: Upper Apere River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

satanica, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:59, Figs. 36-38 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Caño Sabalito (a terra firme stream, part of río Amazonas drainage), circa 42 km south of Iquitos, Maynas, Loreto, Peru, 04°14.743'S, 73°24.953'W. Holotype: ANSP 178231. Paratypes: ANSP 189015 (10), MUSM 32799 (3), MZUSP 100149 (5). •Valid as Paracanthopoma satanica de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma satanica de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

saturatus, Trichomycterus (Cryptocambeva) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Katz [A. M.] & Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] in Costa, Azevedo-Santos, Mattos & Katz 2023:17, Figs. 5C, 6E, 7C, 10B, 11 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 4): 206; ref. 40170] Córrego Tamborete, a tributary of Rio Grande at the Furnas dam, upper Rio Paraná basin, Capitólio municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°38'53"S, 46°09'55"W, elevation about 875 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13378. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus saturatus Costa, Katz & Azevedo-Santos 2023. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus saturatus Costa, Katz & Azevedo-Santos 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: middle Rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

scarificator, Pseudostegophilus Ihering [R. von] 1930:100, Pl. 13 (fig. 2) [Archivos do Instituto Biológico, São Paulo v. 3; ref. 16237] Emas, Pirassununga, Rio Mogyguassú, São Paulo State, Brazil. Syntypes: (2) whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]. •Status uncertain -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Parastegophilus paulensis (Miranda Ribeiro 1918) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:410 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Pseudostegophilus paulensis Miranda Ribeiro 1918 -- (DoNascimiento 2015:950 [ref. 34078]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudostegophilus paulensis Miranda Ribeiro 1918. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Habitat: freshwater.

schmidti, Pygidium Berg [C.] 1897:266 [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 5; ref. 14623] Río de Belén, Catamarca Province, Argentina. Syntypes: ?BMNH 1898.9.23.3 (1); MACN 2361 (1), 4595 (1), 5164 (2), 5176 (1). Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:105 [ref. 23697] as schmidtii, Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus borellii Boulenger 1897 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus borellii Boulenger 1897. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

septemradiatus, Trichomycterus Katz [A. M.], Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2013:360, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 23 (no. 4) (for 2012); ref. 32530] Stream tributary of Cuiabá river, tributary of Grande river, Paraná river basin, 21°04'24"S. 46°12'04"W, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brazil, altitude 856 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 8576. Paratypes: FRJ 7278 (11). •Valid as Trichomycterus septemradiatus Katz, Barbosa & Costa 2013 -- (Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Costa & Katz 2021:18 [ref. 38252], Costa et al. 2023:31 [ref. 40170], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus septemradiatus Katz, Barbosa & Costa 2013. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Sapucaí subdrainage, Rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná river basin (Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

septentrionale, Pygidium Behre [E. H.] 1928:309, Pl. 18 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 18 (nos 2-4) (art. 5); ref. 15838] Salao Creek into Río Chiriquí del Tire above Caldera, Pacific Panama, about elevation 4000 feet. Holotype: FMNH 59522 [ex CM 8515]. Paratypes: FMNH 59195 [ex CM 8516] (1). Additional material: (10) BMNH 1925.3.6.117-118 (2), CAS 77009 [ex IU 17406] (3), UMMZ 145773-74 (1, 1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus septentrionale (Behre 1928) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Trichomycterus striatus (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Bussing 1998:159 [ref. 24179], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Angulo et al. 2018:532 [ref. 35937]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus striatus (Meek & Hildebrand 1913). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

septentrionalis, Stegophilus Myers [G. S.] 1927:130 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Santa Barbara, Orinoco system, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): CAS 64597 [ex IU 17699]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Stegophilus septentrionalis Myers 1927 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:952 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Stegophilus septentrionalis Myers 1927. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

simacotaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2024:16, Figs. 1, 4, 6E, 8A, 10B [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 98; ref. 41346] Cueva Hacienda Santa Bárbara, municipio de Simacota, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 1032. Paratypes: CAR 258 (6). •Valid as Trichomycterus simacotaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus simacotaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2024. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Cueva Hacienda Santa Bárbara, municipio de Simacota, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

simplex, Sarcoglanis Myers [G. S.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 1966:279, Figs. 1-2 [Journal of Zoology (London) v. 149; ref. 3136] Rock pools below São Gabriel Rapids, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 50189. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Sarcoglanis simplex Myers & Weitzman 1966 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Starnes 1990:76 [ref. 19505], Costa & Bockmann 1994:716 [ref. 21339], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], Proudlove 2006:269 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155], Mattos et al. 2008:161 [ref. 29875], Mattos & Lima 2010:233 [ref. 31040], Taphorn et al. 2022:57 [ref. 41297] as cf. simplex). Current status: Valid as Sarcoglanis simplex Myers & Weitzman 1966. Trichomycteridae: Sarcoglanidinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Negro basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

sketi, Trichomycterus Castellanos-Morales [C. A.] 2011:34, Figs. 1-4 [Biota Colombiana v. 11 (1-2); ref. 31477] Municipio La Paz, vereda Casas Blancas, Cueva del Indio, 6°50'21"N, 73°05'18"W, departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 2157 meters. Holotype: CAC-CDMB 104. Paratypes: ANSP 189652 (1); CAC-CDMB 105 (1), 110 (2, c&s); IAvH-P 11806 (2); MBUCV-V-35641 (1); MLS 1256 (1); UIS-Th 1718 (1). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Trichomycterus sketi Castellanos-Morales 2011 -- (Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:49 [ref. 32163], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988], Miranda & Fernández 2020:463 [ref. 37703], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:5 [ref. 40606], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus sketi Castellanos-Morales 2011. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Indio Cave, upper río Opón drainage, Magdalena River basin, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

spectrum, Trichomycterus DoNascimiento [C.] & Prada-Pedreros [S.] 2020:4, Figs. 2-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 96 (no. 4); ref. 37386] Cueva de Alejo, Río Ranchería basin, Hato Nuevo, Guajira, Colombia, 11°06'09.5"N, 72°49'56.7"W, elevation 947 meters. Holotype: MPUJ 4190. Paratypes: IAVHP, MBUCV, MPUJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus spectrum DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2023:5 [ref. 40606]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus spectrum DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Alejo cave, Río Ranchería basin, Guajira, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

spegazzinii, Pygidium Berg [C.] 1897:267 [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 5; ref. 14623] Río de Cachi, Salta Province, Argentina, elevation 2500-2800 meters. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.9.23.1-2 (2); MACN 4925 (now 19), 5173 (2); SMF 831 (1). Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:106 [ref. 23697], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus spegazzinii (Berg 1897) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984:515 [ref. 8254], Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], Fernández et al. 2015:11 [ref. 35041], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus spegazzinii (Berg 1897). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Argentina and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

spelaeus, Trichomycterus DoNascimiento [C.], Villarreal [O.] & Provenzano [F.] 2001:3, Figs 1-4 [Boletin de la Sociadad Venezolana Espeleologia No. 35; ref. 27231] Cueva Punto Fijo, en el caserío Punto Fijo, 7.5 kilometers north of Cerro Yolanda, Edo. Zulia, Venezuela, 10°57'10:N, 72°28'06"W. Holotype: MBUCV-V-29602. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-29603 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus spelaeus DoNascimiento, Villarreal & Provenzano 2001 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Bichuette & Trajano 2004:243 [ref. 27856], Ardila Rodríguez 2006:7 [ref. 28863], Proudlove 2006:147 [ref. 28992], Castellanos-Morales 2007:49 [ref. 29323], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], Rizzato et al. 2011:478 [ref. 31516], Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:49 [ref. 32163], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus spelaeus DoNascimiento, Villarreal & Provenzano 2001. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Punto Fijo Cave, upper Guasare River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

spilosoma, Pygidium Regan [C. T.] 1913:468 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Río San Juan, Colombia. Syntypes: BMNH 1910.7.11.106-107 (2), 1910.7.11.115 (1 skeleton). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus spilosoma (Regan 1913) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Schaefer 2005:73 [ref. 28090], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:11 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:1 [ref. 31410], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus spilosoma (Regan 1913). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: San Juan River basin, Colombia and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

spinosum, Glaphyropoma Bichuette [M. E.], de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Trajano [E.] 2008:302, Figs. 1-6 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29835] Chapada Diamantina, Município de Andaraí, Povoado de Igatu, Gruna dos Torras, rio Paraguaçu drainage, 12°52'40.4"S, 41°18'43.3"W, State of Bahia, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 99742. Paratypes: MZUSP 99743 (4, 1 c&s). Combined with a feminine genus, the adjective should be spinosa. •Valid as Glaphyropoma spinosa Bichuette, de Pinna & Trajano 2008 -- (de Pinna et al. 2018:[8] [ref. 35972] as spinosum, Silva et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37809] as spinosum, Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258] as spinosum). Current status: Valid as Glaphyropoma spinosa Bichuette, de Pinna & Trajano 2008. Trichomycteridae: Copionodontinae. Distribution: South America: subterranean waters, Paraguaçu River drainage, Diamantina Plateau, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

stawiarski, Pygidium Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1968:1, Fig. 1 [Boletim do Museu Nacional, Zoologia (N. S.) 265; ref. 33683] Pequeno córrego pertencente á bácia do Rio Paraná, Bituruna, Est. do Paraná [probably from the Rio Iratim, 26°16'12"S, 51°29'56.72"W], Iguaçu system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 9739. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:423-424 [ref. 29155]. Reference provided by Christopher Scharpf, 14 Feb. 2013; reference omitted in de Pinna & Wosiacki 2003. •Valid as Trichomycterus stawiarski (Miranda Ribeiro 1968) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:423-424 [ref. 29155], Wosiacki & de Pinna 2008:274 [ref. 29627], Datovo et al. 2012:41 [ref. 31994], Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35083], Terán et al. 2017:9 [ref. 35391], Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35632]). •Valid as Cambeva stawiarski (Miranda Ribeiro 1968) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Koerber et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36736], Reis et al. 2019:12 [ref. 37163], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Reis et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38862], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva stawiarski (Miranda Ribeiro 1968). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: lower Iguaçu River basin (Brazil and possibly Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

steindachneri, Trichomycterus DoNascimiento [C.], Prada-Pedreros [S.] & Guerrero-Kommritz [J.] 2014:718, Figs. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4-5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 33632] Cundinamarca, Ubaque, vereda Pueblo Nuevo, quebrada El Charco, tributary of quebrada Santa Bárbara, río El Palmar system, río Orinoco basin, 4°31’10.3"N, 73°58’44.6"W, Colombia, elevation 2700 meters. Holotype: MPUJ 4191. Paratypes: MBUCV-V, MPUJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus steindachneri DoNascimiento, Prada-Pedreros & Guerrero-Kommritz 2014 -- (García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Terán et al. 2017:10 [ref. 35391], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Miranda & Fernández 2020:463 [ref. 37703]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus steindachneri DoNascimiento, Prada-Pedreros & Guerrero-Kommritz 2014. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

stellatum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:308, Pl. 47 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 5); ref. 1239] Quebrada Sarjento, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 58101 [ex CM 7097]. Paratypes: CAS 58121 [ex IU 13814] (3), FMNH 58102 (3). Additional material: (30) CAS 58122 (2), 58125 (2), 64592 (3); FMNH 58100 (3), 58103-04 (3, 9). Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus stellatus (Eigenmann 1918) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as stellatum, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus stellatus (Eigenmann 1918). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Rivers of Andian eastern cordillera, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

straminium, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:694 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Quebrada del Mango, Santander, Colombia. Holotype: FMNH 58105 [ex CM 7101]. Paratypes: (10) CAS 58148 [ex IU 13818] (1), 58105 [ex IU 13804] (4); FMNH 58091-92 (1, 3). Additional material: CAS 58124 [ex IU 13826] (2), 58126 [ex IU 13819] (6). Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus straminius (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as straminium, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[9] [ref. 29569], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" straminius). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus straminius (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Andean streams in Cundinamaca and Santander (Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

striatum, Pygidium Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1913:78 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 10 (no. 8); ref. 12295] Río Cana at Cana, Río Tuyra system, Panama. Holotype: FMNH 7579. Paratypes: CAS 64593 [ex IU 14010] (1); FMNH 26660-62 (3), 26663-76 (14), 55233 (1); USNM 78374 (4), 78375 (13, now 11, 2 unaccounted for). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris & Vari 1992:42 [ref. 19771] with remarks on types, Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pygisium striatum Meek & Hildebrand 1913 -- (Bussing 1987:110 [ref. 22927]). •Valid as Trichomycterus striatus (Meek & Hildebrand 1913) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as striatum, Bussing 1998:159 [ref. 24179], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Ardila Rodríguez 2007:[8] [ref. 29569], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:11 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:22 [ref. 31410], Angulo et al. 2013:993 [ref. 33194], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399], García-Melo et al. 2016:236 [ref. 34471], Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Angulo et al. 2018:532 [ref. 35937], Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988], Angulo et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37425], Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" striatus). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus striatus (Meek & Hildebrand 1913). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Central America, northwestern South America: Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

sucrensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:16, Fig. 9 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Afluente quebrada Cappa, Vereda Pena Blanca, municipio de Sucre, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, 5°55'05"N, 73°47'29"O. Holotype: CAR 806. Paratypes: CAR. •Valid as Trichomycterus sucrensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018 -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus sucrensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: streams in Municipio de Sucre, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

taczanowskii, Trichomycterus Steindachner [F.] 1882:177 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 19 (no. 19); ref. 20487] Río Huambo and Río deTortora near Chirimoto, Peru. Syntypes: (several) NMW 43387 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1882:22, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-1b) [ref. 14353]. •Valid as Trichomycterus taczanowskii Steindachner 1882 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:206 [ref. 34894]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus taczanowskii Steindachner 1882. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Peru and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

taenia, Trichomycterus Kner [R.] 1863:228, "Fig. 16" (unpublished) [Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München 1863, v. 2; ref. 5002] Western slope of the Andes of Ecuador. Holotype (unique): ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Neumann 2006:282 [ref. 28925], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. Also appeared as new in Kner & Steindachner 1864:52, Pl. 6 (fig. 1) [ref. 2649]. •Valid as Trichomycterus taenia Kner 1863 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:36 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as taenium, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:21 [ref. 31410], Datovo et al. 2012:36 [ref. 31994], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:204 [ref. 34894], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:70 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926], Ardila Rodríguez 2019:9 [ref. 36944]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus taenia Kner 1863. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Pacific drainages (Ecuador, Peru and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

taeniops, Trichomycterus Fowler [H. W.] 1954:36, Fig. 635 [Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo v. 9; ref. 1465] Acobamba, near Tarma, Peru, elevation 2000 meters. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. Replacement name for Pygidium tenue Fowler 1945, considered to be preoccupied in Trichomycterus by Trichomycterus tenuis Weyenburgh 1877. •Valid as Trichomycterus taeniops Fowler 1954 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus taeniops Fowler 1954. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Peru and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

tantalus, Trichomycterus Reis [V. J. C.], Vieira [F.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] in Reis & de Pinna 2022:77, Figs. 6, 35 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 197 (no. 2); ref. 39360] Main stream of Rio Doce, Baguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 19°1'33.62"S, 42°7'29.12"W. Holotype: MZUSP 123369. Paratypes: MZUFV 2565 (1), MZUSP 126759 (23). •Valid as Trichomycterus tantalus Reis, Vieira & de Pinna 2022 -- (Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus tantalus Reis, Vieira & de Pinna 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: middle Rio Doce and Rio Matipó drainages, Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

taroba, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & Garavello [J. C.] 2004:10, Figs. 6-7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 27649] Rio Jordão near its mouth, tributary of rio Iguaçu (rio Paraná Basin), 25°45'S, 52°10'W, Jordão reservoir, Foz do Jordão, Paraná State, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 6689. Paratypes: MPEG 6690-91 (15, 10); NUPELIA 1616 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Oliveira et al. 2022:31 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Trichomycterus taroba Wosiacki & Garavello 2004 -- (Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Cambeva taroba (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004) -- (Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Costa et al. 2022:153 [ref. 39052], Martins et al. 2024:23 [ref. 41475], Costa et al. 2024:216 [ref. 41551]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva taroba (Wosiacki & Garavello 2004). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçu River basin (southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

taxistigma, Ochmacanthus Fowler [H. W.] 1914:268, Fig. 16 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 66; ref. 1390] Rupununi River, Guyana, 2°-3°N, 50°20'W. Holotype (unique): ANSP 39344. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155]. The specific name is an indeclinable noun. •Valid as Stegophilus taxistigma (Fowler 1914) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Henonemus taxistigma (Fowler 1914) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061] as taxistigmus, DoNascimiento & Provenzano 2006:198 [ref. 28681] as taxistigmus, Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155] as taxistigmus, DoNascimiento 2015:943 [ref. 34078] as taxistigmus, Taphorn et al. 2022:56 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Henonemus taxistigma (Fowler 1914). Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Rupununi River basin (Guyana) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

teaguei, Parabranchioica Devincenzi [G. J.] & Vaz-Ferreira [R.] 1939:167 [5], Fig. [Archivos de la Sociedad de Biología de Montevideo v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 17185] Río Uruguay, Uruguay. Syntypes: (8) BMNH 1944.3.3.10 (1), MHNM CI 319 (1). Type catalog: Olazarri et al. 1970:4 [ref. 23527] with a holotype, Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155], Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. On p. 5 of separate. •Valid as Branchioica teaguei (Devincenzi & Vaz-Ferreira 1939) -- (Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], Román-Valencia 1998:299 [ref. 27071]). •Valid as Parabranchioica teaguei Devincenzi 1939 -- (López et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131]). •Synonym of Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267], Henschel et al. 2024:32 [ref. 41248]). Current status: Synonym of Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro 1912. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

teiniagua, Scleronema Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2020:61, Figs. 13B, 26-27 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 2): e190081; ref. 37587] Arroyo Tres Cruces, río Cuareím basin, lower río Uruguay, Artigas, Uruguay, 30°35'31"S, 56°37'34"W. Holotype: ZVC P14522. Paratypes: LIRP, MCP, UFRGS, ZVC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Scleronema teiniagua Ferrer & Malabarba 2020 -- (Ferrer 2021:250 [ref. 38890], Koerber et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:88 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Scleronema teiniagua Ferrer & Malabarba 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Río Uruguay basin (southern Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

tenue, Pygidium Fowler [H. W.] 1945:6, Figs. 7-9 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 159; ref. 13141] Acobamba, near Tarma, Río Ucayali basin, Peru, elevation 2000 meters. Holotype (unique): ANSP 71638. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. Considered by Fowler 1954 to be subjectively invalid; preoccupied in Trichomycterus by Trichomycterus tenuis Weyenbergh 1877; replaced by Trichomycterus taeniops Fowler 1954. •Valid as Trichomycterus tenue (Fowler 1945) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984:515 [ref. 8254], Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Fernández et al. 2015:12 [ref. 35041] as tenue and cf. tenue). •In the synonymy of Trichomycterus taeniops Fowler 1954 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus taeniops Fowler 1954. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tenuis, Trichomycterus Weyenbergh [H.] 1877:12, Pl. 3 (figs. a-c) [Actas de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Buenos Aires. v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14248] Small lake in Sierra de Cordoba, near Villa Cruz del Eje, Santa Fe, Argentina. Syntypes: (several) MSNG 8852 (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1963:310 [ref. 10351], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus tenuis Weyenbergh 1877 -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], Fernández 2000:32 [ref. 26195], Miquelarena & Fernández 2000:44 [ref. 27633], López et al. 2002:60 [ref. 26808] dated 1979, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:40 [ref. 27366], Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus tenuis Weyenbergh 1877. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Córdoba Sierra, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

ternetzi, Typhlobelus Myers [G. S.] 1944:593, Pls. 52-53 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 23 (no. 40); ref. 3123] Rock pools below São Gabriel Rapids, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 11118. Paratypes: CAS 11119 (1), 56201 (1, c&s); CAS-SU 36558 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:45 [ref. 12291], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Typhlobelus ternetzi Myers 1944 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], Costa & Bockmann 1994:70 [ref. 21364], Nico & de Pinna 1996:29 [ref. 22300], de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002:721 [ref. 26545], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Schaefer et al. 2005:14 [ref. 28427], Proudlove 2006:269 [ref. 28992], Ferraris 2007:427 [ref. 29155], de Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:503 [ref. 31517]). Current status: Valid as Typhlobelus ternetzi Myers 1944. Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: Upper Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tete, Trichomycterus Barbosa [M. A.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2011:308, Figs. 1-3 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 61 (no. 3); ref. 31672] Cachoeira do Giló, tributary of rio Brumado, rio de Contas basin, 13°29'44.7"S, 41°53'05.0"W, Município de rio de Contas, Bahia State, Brazil. Holotype: UFRJ 8062. Paratypes: UFRJ 7774 (3), 7775 (9). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Trichomycterus tete Barbosa & Costa 2011 -- (Silva et al. 2020:13 [ref. 37809], Costa & Katz 2022:19 [ref. 38971], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Costa et al. 2024:229 [ref. 40868], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus tete Barbosa & Costa 2011. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio de Contas drainage, Bahia State (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

tetraradiata, Listrura Landim [M. I.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2002:152, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2002 (no. 1); ref. 25896] Rio da Represa, a tributary of Rio Bom Sucesso, Rio Ibicuíba basin of the Lagoa de Araruama system, Palmital, about 5 kilometers north from Bacaxá, about 22°50'S, 42°28'W, Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 52572. Paratypes: MZUSP 50164 (3); UFRJ 4586-87 (17, 17), 4588 (6, c&s), 4590 (7); UMMZ 231553 (3). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Listrura tetraradiata Landim & Costa 2002 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki 2002:721 [ref. 26545], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:275 [ref. 27061], Villa-Verde & Costa 2006:44 [ref. 28570], Ferraris 2007:408 [ref. 29155], Pinna & Kirovsky 2011:493 [ref. 31517], Villa-Verde et al. 2012:528 [ref. 32250], Villa-Verde et al. 2014:641 [ref. 33099], Costa & Katz 2021:329 [ref. 38742], Villa-Verde et al. 2022:11 [ref. 39194]). Current status: Valid as Listrura tetraradiata Landim & Costa 2002. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: Ibicuíba River drainage, Araruama Lagoon system, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tetuanensis, Trichomycterus García-Melo [L. J.], Villa-Navarro [F. A.] & DoNascimiento [C.] 2016:228, Figs. 1-6 [Zootaxa 4117 (no. 2); ref. 34471] Tolima, Ortega, río Tetuán, upper río Magdalena basin, Colombia, 3°51'23.866"N, 75°16'47.508"W, elevation 374 meters. Holotype: CZUT-IC 5151. Paratypes: CZUT-IC, IAvH-P. Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Trichomycterus tetuanensis García-Melo, Villa-Navarro & DoNascimiento 2016 -- (DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus tetuanensis García-Melo, Villa-Navarro & DoNascimiento 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Tetuán, upper Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

therma, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Miranda [G.] 2007:1305, Figs. 1-5 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 71; ref. 29361] Near Baños Termales Miraflores [man-made thermal bath], 19°27'S, 65°47'W, Río Tarapaya drainage, Pilcomayo-Paraná basin, Dept. Potosí, Bolivia, elevation 3600 meters. Holotype: CBF 8886. Paratypes: CBF 9099 (3, 1 c&s) •Valid as Trichomycterus therma Fernández & Miranda 2007 -- (Fernández & Vari 2009:198 [ref. 30062], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus therma Fernández & Miranda 2007. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Tarpaya River drainage, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

tigrinus, Trichomycterus Philippi [R. A.] 1866:715 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1866 (for 15 Nov. 1866); ref. 14056] Chile. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:415 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:37 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tiraquae, Pygidium Fowler [H. W.] 1940:92, Fig. 52 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92; ref. 1436] Tiraque, Cochabamba, Bolivia. Holotype: ANSP 69126 (with paratypes). Paratypes: ANSP 69127-29 and 69230-70 (45, in one jar). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:284 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:423 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Trichomycterus tiraquae (Fowler 1940) -- (Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Fernández & Miranda 2007:1314 [ref. 29361], Fernández & Vari 2009:198 [ref. 30062], DoNascimiento et al. 2014:726 [ref. 33632], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus tiraquae (Fowler 1940). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

titcombi, Hatcheria Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:692 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Arroyo Comajo, tributary of Lake Traful, tributary to Río Limay, Argentina. Holotype (unique): CAS 28557 [ex IU 11110]. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus titcombi (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855) -- (Arratia & Menu-Marque 1981:99 [ref. 6024], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117]). Current status: Synonym of Hatcheria macraei (Girard 1855). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tocantinsi, Tridentopsis LaMonte [F. R.] 1939:1 [American Museum Novitates No. 1024; ref. 17198] Rio Tocantins, Goiás State, northeastern Brazil. Holotype: AMNH 13967. Paratypes: AMNH 20926 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Tridentopsis tocantinsi LaMonte 1939 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], Azpelicueta 1990:987 [ref. 19207], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Valid as Tridentopsis tocantinsi LaMonte 1939. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

torcoromaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2016:4, Figs. 1, 2, 5A-B, 6, 7 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 2; ref. 34399] Quebrada Torcoroma, parte alta, cuenca del río Magdalena, Municipio de Ocaña, Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 690. Paratypes: CAR; IAVHP; ICNMHN 19539 (3). Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34787], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:39 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Trichomycterus torcoromaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2016 -- (Ardila Rodríguez 2016:15 [ref. 35108], Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926], DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:12 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus torcoromaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2016. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Magdalena basin, Departamento de Norte de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

totae, Pygidium Miles [C.] 1942:55, Fig. [Caldasia No. 5; ref. 12429] Lago de Tota, Boyacá, eastern Cordillera, Colombia, elevation 3060 meters. Holotype: ICNMNH 353 [ex ICNMNH 20]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 37074 (rear half of ICNMNH 20a), ICNMNH 20a (1, partial head), MCZ 35744 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:45 [ref. 12291], Cala 1981:5 [ref. 23525], Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155], Mojica & Agudelo-Zamora 2018:39 [ref. 36127]. •Valid as Trichomycterus totae (Miles 1942) -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Rhizosomichthys totae (Miles 1942) -- (Fernández & Bichuette 2002:278 [ref. 26539] as Rhizosomichthiys, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:278 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:412 [ref. 29155], Schaefer & Fernández 2009:510, 512 [ref. 30382], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:69 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Rhizosomichthys totae (Miles 1942). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Lake Tota basin, Colombia [thought to be extinct]. Habitat: freshwater.

tourensis, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Amorim & Katz 2023:Figs. 3B, 4D-F, 7 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 305; ref. 40271] Rio dos Touros, tributary of Rio Pelotas, Rio Uruguai basin, Bom Jesus Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 28°40'35"S, 50°12'06"W, elevation about 1,050 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13361. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva tourensis Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2023. Current status: Valid as Cambeva tourensis Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Pelotas drainage, upper Rio Uruguai basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

transandianum, Pygidium taenia var. Steindachner [F.] 1915:100 [86], Pl. 12 (fig. 6) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. v. 93; ref. 4244] Río Combeima in Cañon del Gallo, mountains of central Colombia, elevation 1800 meters. Syntypes: (2) NMW 44475 (?). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155]. On p. 86 of separate; also in Steindachner 1917 [ref. 15259]. Species not listed in earlier abstract [ref. 18909]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus taenia Kner 1863, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Trichomycterus transandianus (Steindachner 1915) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061] as transandianum, Ferraris 2007:424 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:11 [ref. 31409], Ardila Rodríguez 2011:21 [ref. 31410], Ardila Rodríguez 2014:11 [ref. 33769] as transandianum, Ardila Rodríguez 2016:12 [ref. 34399] as transandianum, Ardila Rodríguez 2016:16 [ref. 35108] as transandianum, Ardila Rodríguez 2017:11 [ref. 35579] as transandianum, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Ardila Rodríguez 2018:10 [ref. 35926] as transandianum, Vilardo et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40643] as "Trichomycterus" transandianus). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus transandianus (Steindachner 1915). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Combeima River basin, central Andes (Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

travassosi, Pygidium Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1949:145, Fig. 2 [Revista Brasileira de Biologia v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 13023] Rio das Pedras, Fazenda Penedo, Agulhas Negras, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 5424. Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1954:12 [ref. 21988], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Trichomycterus alternatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:279 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:414 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2008:184 [ref. 29961], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Costa 2012:79 [ref. 31901], Reis & de Pinna 2022:15 [ref. 39360]). •Valid as Trichomycterus travassosi (Miranda Ribeiro 1949) -- (Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Costa 2021:176 [ref. 38391], Costa et al. 2022:513 [ref. 39820] in subgenus Psammocambeva, Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus travassosi (Miranda Ribeiro 1949). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio das Pedras drainage, Paraíba do Sul basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

trefauti, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] 2004:3, Fig. 2 [Zootaxa No. 592; ref. 27845] Riacho Andrequicé, tributary of rio Paraúna, itself a tributary of rio das Velhas (rio São Francisco basin), about 18°30'S, 43°30'W, Município de Trinta Réis, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 79911. Paratypes: MZUSP 36966 (5, 3 c&s), MPEG 7896 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus trefauti Wosiacki 2004 -- (Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], Reis et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37862]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus trefauti Wosiacki 2004. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Riacho Andrequicé, upper São Francisco River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

triacanthopomus, Henonemus DoNascimiento [C.] & Provenzano [F.] 2006:199, Fig. 1 [Copeia 2006 (no. 2); ref. 28681] Beach at Caño Macareo, 8°49'16"N, 62°00'00"W, Estado Delta Amacuro, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV-V 29526. Paratypes: MBUCV-VC 9548 (2), 13900 (1), 21044 (1); MHNLS 15886 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Henonemus triacanthopomus DoNascimiento & Provenzano 2006 -- (Ferraris 2007:441 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:943 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], DoNacimiento in Lasso & Morales-Betancourt 2022:258 [ref. 40783]). Current status: Valid as Henonemus triacanthopomus DoNascimiento & Provenzano 2006. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

triguttatum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:339, Pl. 52 (fig. 4) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 5); ref. 1239] Jacarehy [Jacareí], São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 58670 [ex CM 7600a]. Paratypes: CAS 64596 [ex IU 13956] (1), FMNH 58671 (3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus triguttatus (Eigenmann 1918) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as triguttatum, Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471]). •Possibly valid as Microcambeva triguttata (Eigenmann 1918) -- (Costa & Katz 2021:330 [ref. 38742]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva triguttata (Eigenmann 1918). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, São Paulo State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

tristis, Trichomycterus brasiliensis var. Lütken [C. F.] 1875:137 [17] [Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. Naturvidenskabelig og Mathematisk Afdeling (Ser. 5) v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 19674] Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: ZMUC P30167 [ex 122]. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:52 [ref. 9588], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]. On p. 17 of separate. •Synonym of Trichomycterus brasiliensis Lütken 1874 -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:280 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:416 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Trichomycterus brasiliensis Lütken 1874. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tropeiro, Trichomycterus Ferrer [J.] & Malabarba [L. R.] 2011:60, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 2912; ref. 31348] Rio das Antas, 28°47'01"S, 49°58'56"W, Municipality of São José dos Ausentes, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Holotype: MCP 46171. Paratypes: many at LIRP, MCP, MNRJ, MZUSP, UFRGS •Valid as Trichomycterus tropeiro Ferrer & Malabarba 2011 -- (Ferrer & Malabarba 2013:217 [ref. 32750], Bertaco et al. 2016:421 [ref. 34561], Ochoa et al. 2017:557 [ref. 35582]). •Valid as Cambeva tropeiro (Ferrer & Malabarba 2011) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Costa et al. 2020:720 [ref. 37907], Costa et al. 2021:687 [ref. 38728], Ferrer 2021:235 [ref. 38890]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva tropeiro (Ferrer & Malabarba 2011). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio das Antas drainage, Lagoa dos Patos system (Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

truculenta, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:64, Figs. 39-41 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Rio Madeira, Calama, Rondônia, Brazil, 08°01'42"S, 62°52'34"W. Holotype: MZUSP 30399. Paratypes: INPA, MUSM, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paracanthopoma truculenta de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Current status: Valid as Paracanthopoma truculenta de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin, Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

tupinamba, Trichomycterus Wosiacki [W. B.] & Oyakawa [O. T.] 2005:466, Figs. 2-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 28451] Rio Betari, tributary of rio Ribeira de Iguapé, in front of the camping area of Núcleo, Parque Estadual Turisstico de Alto Ribeira, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 62382. Paratypes: MPEG 7895 (5); MZUSP 62362 (1), 63495 (1), 67911 (2, c&s), 84094 (4). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus tupinamba Wosiacki & Oyakawa 2005 -- (Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471]). •Valid as Cambeva tupinamba (Wosiacki & Oyakawa 2005) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872], Costa et al. 2024:344 [ref. 41163]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva tupinamba (Wosiacki & Oyakawa 2005). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: tributaries of Ribeira de Iguapé River (São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

uberabensis, Trichomycterus (Cryptocambeva) Costa [W. J. E. M.], Azevedo-Santos [V. M.] & Katz [A. M.] in Costa, Azevedo-Santos, Mattos & Katz 2023:21, Figs. 5D, 6F, 7D, 12 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 4): 206; ref. 40170] Stream tributary of Rio Uberaba, Rio Grande drainage, upper Rio Paraná basin, Veríssimo municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 19°39'21"S, 48°15'21"W, elevation about 665 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13366. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus uberabensis Costa, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2023 Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus uberabensis Costa, Azevedo-Santos & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Uberaba subdrainage, middle Rio Grande drainage, upper Paraná River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

uisae, Trichomycterus Castellanos-Morales [C. A.] 2008:308, Figs. 2-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 29836] Municipio de Los Santos, Verde Mesa de Los Santos, Acuarela road 3.5 km, Cueva El Misterio, 6°50'21"N, 73°05'18"W, upper Sogamosa River basin, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, subterranean waters, elevation 1600 meters. Holotype: CAC-CDMB. Paratypes: ANSP 187498 (1); CAC-CDMB 88 (1); IAvH-P 10806 (2); UIS-T 1698 (1), 1699 (1). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: DoNascimiento et al. 2016:424 [ref. 34787]. •Valid as Trichomycterus uisae Castellanos-Morales 2008 -- (Castellanos-Morales 2011:34 [ref. 31477], Rizzato et al. 2011:478 [ref. 31516], Bichuette & Rizzato 2012:49 [ref. 32163], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Castellanos-Morales 2018:127 [ref. 35988], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:4 [ref. 40606], Ardila Rodríguez 2023:7 [ref. 40609]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus uisae Castellanos-Morales 2008. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: El Misterio Cave, upper Sogamosa River basin, Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

unicolor, Pygidium Regan [C. T.] 1913:468 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 12 (no. 71); ref. 3656] Río Condoto, Colombia. Syntypes: BMNH 1913.10.1.42-43 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus unicolor (Regan 1913) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Schaefer 2005:73 [ref. 28090], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus unicolor (Regan 1913). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: San Juan River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

urubici, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2021:682, Figs. 10, 11K, 12J, 13J [Zoosystema v. 43 (art. 28); ref. 38728] Rio Urubici, Rio Canoas drainage, upper Rio Uruguai basin, Urubici Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28°01'37"S, 49°35'21"W, elevation about 935 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 6967. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva urubici Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Current status: Valid as Cambeva urubici Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2021. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Canoas drainage, Rio Uruguai basin, south-eastern Geral, southern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

urussanga, Listrura Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.] & Katz [A. M.] 2023:482, Figs. 3d-f, 6-7 [Journal of Natural History v. 57 (nos. 9/12); ref. 40182] Stream tributary to Lagoa Urussanga Velha, Rio Urussanga basin, Urussanga Velha village, Balneário Rincão Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 28.791°S, 49.238°W. Holotype: UFRJ 6914. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Listrura urussanga Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2023. Current status: Valid as Listrura urussanga Costa, Feltrin & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Lagoa Urussanga Velha and Rio dos Porcos drainages, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

valleduparensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:12, Fig. 4 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Río Guatapurí, sector Sabana Crespo, municipio de Valledupar, Departamento del Cesar, Colombia. Holotype: CAR 802. Paratypes: CAR, IAvH-P. Also written as velleduparensis. •Valid as Trichomycterus valleduparensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018 -- (DoNascimiento & Prada-Pedreros 2020:13 [ref. 37386]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus valleduparensis Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Guatapurí drainage, Departamento del Cesar, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

vampyra, Paracanthopoma de Pinna [M. C. C.] & Dagosta [F. C. P.] 2022:70, Figs. 42-44 [Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) v. 62; ref. 39792] Igarapé Sucuriju, rio Preto da Eva drainage, Amazonas, Brazil, approximately 02°44'S, 59°33'W. Holotype: MZUSP 86953. Paratypes: MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Paracanthopoma vampyra de Pinna & Dagosta 2022. •Valid as Paravandellia vampyra (de Pinna & Dagosta 2022) -- (Henschel et al. 2024:31 [ref. 41248]). Current status: Valid as Paravandellia vampyra (de Pinna & Dagosta 2022). Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Negro River drainage, eastern Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

variegatus, Trichomycterus Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1992:103, Fig. 3 [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 18 (no. 4) [for 1991]; ref. 19725] Rio do Peixe, tributary of upper Rio São Francisco, São Roque de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 42316. Paratypes: MNRJ 584 (9), 585 (2, c&s); MZUSP 42317 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus variegatus Costa 1992 -- (Burgess & Finley 1996:168 [ref. 22901], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Ochoa et al. 2017:558 [ref. 35582]). •Valid as Cambeva variegata (Costa 1992) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Costa et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40937], Costa et al. 2024:343 [ref. 41163], Costa et al. 2024:432 [ref. 41443]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva variegata (Costa 1992). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

varii, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Andreoli Bize [J.] 2018:360, Figs. 1, 2A, 3A [Zootaxa 4504 (no. 3); ref. 36232] Cieneguillas River, Santa Catalina Department, Jujuy Province, Argentina, 22°07'S, 65°45'W, elevation 3,567 meters. Holotype: FACEN 0105. Paratypes: FACEN. •Valid as Trichomycterus varii Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018 -- (Koerber et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus varii Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Cieneguillas River drainage, High Andean Plateau, Jujuy Province (Argentina). Habitat: freshwater.

vazferreirai, Homodiaetus Devincenzi [G. J.] in Devincenzi & Vaz-Ferreira 1939:168 [6], Fig. [Archivos de la Sociedad de Biología de Montevideo v. 9 (no. 3); ref. 17185] Río Uruguay, Paysandú, Uruguay. Holotype (unique): MHNM CI 345. Type catalog: Olazarri et al. 1970:4 [ref. 23527], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. On p. 6 of separate. Original as Vaz-ferreirai. •Valid as Homodiaetus vazferreirai Devincenzi 1939 -- (Malabarba 1989:145 [ref. 14217], Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], López et al. 2003:41 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565]). •Synonym of Homodiaetus anisitsi Eigenmann & Ward 1907 -- (Koch 2002:38 [ref. 26425], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:274 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:406 [ref. 29155], Koerber 2011:4 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:36 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Homodiaetus anisitsi Eigenmann & Ward 1907. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Habitat: freshwater.

venezuelae, Haemomaster Myers [G. S.] 1927:131 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Playa Matepalma, Orinoco River system, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS 55882 [ex IU 17705]. Paratypes: CAS 56202 [ex IU 17706] (1), 56203 [ex IU 17706] (1 c&s); 56206 [ex IU 17707] (1); CAS-SU 18078 (1); MCZ 31579 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:44 [ref. 12291], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Haemomaster venezuelae Myers 1927 -- (Schmidt 1985:93 [ref. 36741], Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:273 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:405 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento 2015:943 [ref. 34078], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Taphorn et al. 2022:56 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Haemomaster venezuelae Myers 1927. Trichomycteridae: Stegophilinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco and Essequibo River basins (Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

venezuelae, Tridensimilis Schultz [L. P.] 1944:267, Pl. 6 (fig. C) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 94 (no. 3172); ref. 3959] Río Negro, below the mouth of the Río Yasa, Maracaibo basin, Venezuela. Holotype: USNM 121290. Paratypes: MCZ 37292 [ex USNM 121291] (3); UMMZ 142492 [ex USNM 121291] (1); USNM 121291 (28, now 22, 2 unaccounted for; 1 stained, 2 c&s). Type catalog: Ferraris & Vari 1992:43 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Tridensimilis venezuelae Schultz 1944 -- (Burgess 1989:325 [ref. 12860], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:286 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:426 [ref. 29155], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:71 [ref. 35633], Datovo et al. 2023:19 [ref. 40547]). Current status: Valid as Tridensimilis venezuelae Schultz 1944. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ventropapillata, Cambeva Costa [W. J. E. M.], Feltrin [C. R. M.], Mattos [J. L. O.], Dalcin [R. H.], Abilhoa [V.] & Katz [A. M.] 2023:20, Figs. 7E, 8E, 9E, 13 [Fishes v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 39856] Ribeirão Treze de Maio, a tributary of Rio Massaranduba, itself a tributary of Rio Pitanga, Rio Itapocu basin, Massaranduba Municipality, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, 26°39'42"S, 49°02'01"W, elevation about 75 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13013. Paratypes: CICCAA, MHNCI, UFRJ. •Valid as Cambeva ventropapillata Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Dalcin, Abilhoa & Katz 2023. Current status: Valid as Cambeva ventropapillata Costa, Feltrin, Mattos, Dalcin, Abilhoa & Katz 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: western and south-western Rio Itapocu basin, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

venulosum, Pygidium Steindachner [F.] 1915:199 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 52 (no. 17); ref. 15071] Páramo de Cruz Verde, eastern Cordillera, Colombia, elevation 3000 meters. Syntypes: NMW 44476 (2). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. Species illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1915:99 [p. 85 of separate], Pl. 13 (figs. 3-5) [ref. 4244]; also in Steindachner 1917 [ref. 15259]. •Valid as Trichomycterus venulosus (Steindachner 1915) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as venulosum, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], Castellanos-Morales 2008:312 [ref. 29836]). •Synonym of Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt 1805 -- (DoNascimento et al. 2014:711 [ref. 35109], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[15] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Synonym of Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt 1805. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Habitat: freshwater.

vermiculatum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1917:699 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 56; ref. 1237] Juiz de Fora, Rio Parahyba, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 58077 [ex CM 7074]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155] Date may be 1918 (research needed). •Valid as Trichomycterus vermiculatus (Eigenmann 1917) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as vermiculatum, Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Barbosa & Costa 2003:282 [ref. 27395], Barbosa & Costa 2003:179 [ref. 27636] dated 1918, Bockmann et al. 2004:227 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Katz 2016:262 [ref. 34950]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus vermiculatus (Eigenmann 1917). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

vinnulus, Trichomycterus Reis [V. J. C.] & de Pinna [M. C. C.] 2022:81, Figs. 10, 37 [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 197 (no. 2); ref. 39360] Córrego dos Borges Creek running into left margin of the reservoir and the Rio do Peixe River, Risoleta Neves Hydroelectric Dam, Rio Doce Municipality, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 20°12'21.63"S, 42°52'56.24"W. Holotype: MZUSP 123750. Paratypes: MZUSP 123757 (7), 126760 (43). •Valid as Trichomycterus vinnulus Reis & de Pinna 2022 -- (Costa et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40511], Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:51 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus vinnulus Reis & de Pinna 2022. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Doce drainage, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

vitalbrazili, Trichomycterus Vilardo [P. J.], Katz [A. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2020:3, Figs. 2-4, 6 [Zoological Studies v. 59: 53; ref. 37847] Mountain stream tributary to the Rio Grande drainage, Rio Paraíba do Sul basin, Serra dos Órgãos, inside the campus of the Instituto Vital Brazil, Nova Friburgo Municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°20'51"S, 42°37'18"W, elevation about 1,130 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 12151. Paratypes: CICCAA, UFRJ. •Valid as Trichomycterus vitalbrazili Vilardo, Katz & Costa 2020 -- (Vilardo et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40643]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus vitalbrazili Vilardo, Katz & Costa 2020. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Grande drainage, Paraíba do Sul River basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

vitreus, Tridens Henschel [E.], Ohara [W. M.] & Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2023:4, Figs. 1-3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 8, 9a [Journal of Fish Biology v. 103 (no. 1); ref. 40194] Omerê River, tributary of the Guaporé River, Madeira River drainage, Amazonas River basin, Vitória da Uniao district, Corumbiara Municipality, Rondônia State, Brazil, 12°58'51"S, 61°08'02"W, elevation about 20 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 13301. Paratypes: UFRJ, UFRO. •Valid as Tridens vitreus Henschel, Ohara & Costa 2023. Current status: Valid as Tridens vitreus Henschel, Ohara & Costa 2023. Trichomycteridae: Tridentinae. Distribution: South America: Guaporé River drainage, Madeira River basin, Rondônia State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

vittatus, Trichomycterus Regan [C. T.] 1903:623 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 12 (no. 72) (art. 64); ref. 13401] Marcapata Valley, eastern Peru. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1902.5.29.210. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus vittatus Regan 1903 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as vittatum, de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:193 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus vittatus Regan 1903. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

wapixana, Trichomycterus Henschel [E.] 2016:118, Figs. 1-3 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 66 (no. 2); ref. 34775] Flooded areas in the Tacutu river drainage, tributary of the Branco river drainage, Amazonas river basin, Município de Bonfim, Estado de Roraima, Brazil, 03°24'07"N, 59°56'23"W, elevation about 110 meters. Holotype: UFRJ 10251. Paratypes: UFRJ. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Potamoglanis wapixana (Henschel 2016) -- (Henschel et al. 2018:49 [ref. 35657], Henschel & Lujan 2021:[3] [ref. 38536], Taphorn et al. 2022:57 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Potamoglanis wapixana (Henschel 2016). Trichomycteridae: Glanapteryginae. Distribution: South America: Rio Branco and Essequibo River drainages (Brazil and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

watu, Microcambeva Medeiros [L. S. de], Sarmento-Soares [L. M.] & Lima [S. M. Q.] 2021:2, Figs. 1-8 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 31 (no. 1) IEF-1147; ref. 38396] Stream between São João de Petrópolis and Vila 25 de Julho, Rio Doce basin, Santa Tereza, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 19°47'02"S, 40°38'52"W. Holotype: MNRJ 51962. Paratypes: MBML, MZUSP, UFRN. •Valid as Microcambeva watu Medeiros, Sarmento-Soares & Lima 2021 -- (Costa & Katz 2021:331 [ref. 38742], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:49 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Microcambeva watu Medeiros, Sarmento-Soares & Lima 2021. Trichomycteridae: Microcambevinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Doce basin (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

weyrauchi, Pygidium Fowler [H. W.] 1945:7, Figs. 10-12 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 159; ref. 13141] Acobamba, near Tarma, Río Ucayali drainage, Peru, elevation 2900 meters. Holotype: ANSP 71639 (with paratypes). Paratypes: ANSP 71640-42 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:163 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus weyrauchi (Fowler 1945) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Fernández & Chuquihuamaní 2007:55 [ref. 29320], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], García-Melo et al. 2016:238 [ref. 34471]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus weyrauchi (Fowler 1945). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

wieneri, Vandellia Pellegrin [J.] 1909:199 [3], Fig. [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (10th Série) v. 1 (nos 4-6); ref. 14592] Río Napo, near mouth of Río Misahually, Ecuador. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9934. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:63 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155]. On p. 3 of separate. Also appeared as new in Pellegrin 1909:1016 [ref. 25444]. •Valid as Vandellia wieneri Pellegrin 1909 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:36 [ref. 37559], Schmidt 1987:235 [ref. 6780], Burgess 1989:324 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Plectrochilus wieneri (Pellegrin 1909) -- (de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:277 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:411 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:111 [ref. 35745], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[16] [ref. 35679]). Current status: Valid as Plectrochilus wieneri (Pellegrin 1909). Trichomycteridae: Vandelliinae. Distribution: South America: Napo River basin (Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.

wiwa, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2018:7, Fig. 1 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 12; ref. 36278] Río Marocaso, afluente del río Ranchería parte alta, Corregimiento de Marocaso, municipio de San Juan del Cesar, Departamento de la Guajira, Colombia, elevation 450 meters. Holotype: CAR 793. Paratypes: CAR, ICNMHN. •Valid as Trichomycterus wiwa Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus wiwa Ardila Rodríguez 2018. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Río Marocaso drainage, Departamento de la Guajira, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

ytororo, Trichomycterus Terán [G. E.], Ferrer [J.], Benitez [M.], Alonso [F.], Aguilera [G.] & Mirande [J. M.] 2017:3, Figs. 1-3 [PLoS ONE v. 12 (no. 6): e0179594; ref. 35391] Tabay Waterfalls, Jardín America, Paraná River basin, Misiones, Argentina, 27°00'00"S, 55°10'44"W. Holotype: CI-FML 7240. Paratypes: CI-FML, IBIGEO, LGEP. •Valid as Trichomycterus ytororo Terán, Ferrer, Benitez, Alonso, Aguilera & Mirande 2017 -- (Koerber et al. 2017:6 [ref. 35632]). •Valid as Cambeva ytororo (Terán, Ferrer, Benitez, Alonso, Aguilera & Mirande 2017) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Koerber et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva ytororo (Terán, Ferrer, Benitez, Alonso, Aguilera & Mirande 2017). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Tabay stream, Paraná River basin, Misiones, Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

yuska, Trichomycterus Fernández [L.] & Schaefer [S. A.] 2003:355, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 4); ref. 27407] Arroyo Aguas Calientes, 27°14'S, 68°16'W, Departamento Tinogasta, Province de Catamarca, Argentina, elevation 4050 meters. Holotype: FML 2535. Paratypes: AMNH 232397 (1); FML 1130 (2), 1131 (1), 1132 (12, 2 c&s), 1133 (5). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003 -- (Fernández & Vari 2004:880 [ref. 28047], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], Koerber 2011:4 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:8 [ref. 33621], Mirande & Koerber 2015:38 [ref. 35117], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Fernández & Andreoli Bize 2018:366 [ref. 36232]). Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: Arroyo Aguas Calientes, Catamarca Province, western Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.

zapatocaensis, Trichomycterus Ardila Rodríguez [C. A.] 2023:5, Figs. 1, 3A-B, 4A, 5-7 [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 91; ref. 40606] Cueva del Nitro, Municipio de Zapatoca, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1720 meters. Holotype: CAR 1001. Paratypes: CAR 930 (6), UIS-T 0363 (1), 2158 (9), 2159 (3). •Valid as Trichomycterus zapatocaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Current status: Valid as Trichomycterus zapatocaensis Ardila Rodríguez 2023. Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Cueva del Nitro, Municipio de Zapatoca, Departamento de Santander, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

zonatum, Pygidium Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:330, Pl. 51 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 5); ref. 1239] Água Quente, Iporanga, Ribeira de Iguape River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 58573 [ex CM 7596]. Paratypes: FMNH 58572 (1, = Trichomycterus alternatus), 58574 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:81 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Trichomycterus zonatus (Eigenmann 1918) -- (Burgess 1989:323 [ref. 12860] as zonatum, Bizerril 1994:623 [ref. 22673], de Pinna & Wosiacki in Reis et al. 2003:285 [ref. 27061], Bockmann et al. 2004:228 [ref. 27855], Ferraris 2007:425 [ref. 29155], Barbosa & Costa 2010:121 [ref. 30782], Barbosa & Costa 2011:308 [ref. 31672], Barbosa & Costa 2012:82 [ref. 31901], Katz & Barbosa 2014:3 [ref. 33418], García-Melo et al. 2016:237 [ref. 34471], Reis & de Pinna 2019:109 [ref. 36632]). •Valid as Cambeva zonata (Eigenmann 1918) -- (Katz et al. 2018:563 [ref. 36330], Donin et al. 2020:16 [ref. 37395], Costa et al. 2020:720 [ref. 37907], Reis et al. 2020:471 [ref. 38364], Donin et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39872]). Current status: Valid as Cambeva zonata (Eigenmann 1918). Trichomycteridae: Trichomycterinae. Distribution: South America: Ribeira do Iguape River drainage (São Paulo State, Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.