Astronesthes Richardson [J.] 1845:97 Fem. Astronesthes nigra Richardson 1845. Type by monotypy. Type species spelled Astronesthes niger on plate. Some authors treat the genus as masculine, based on selection of the first revisor, Günther 1864 [ref. 1974], of the species name as niger. Named after a 'starry garment', which leads to the feminine gender of -esthes; not star + to eat as explained by Jordan & Evermann 1896:586 [ref. 2443]. •Valid as Astronesthes Richardson 1845 -- (Gibbs 1964:313 [ref. 6960], Gibbs & Morrow 1973:126 [ref. 7174], Gibbs in Whitehead et al. 1984:326 [ref. 13675], Fujii in Masuda et al. 1984:49 [ref. 6441], Fink 1985:11 [ref. 5171], Gibbs 1986:231 [ref. 5655], Gibbs & McKinney 1988 [ref. 6628], Paxton et al. 1989:194 [ref. 12442], Parin & Borodulina 1994:457 [ref. 22912], Parin & Borodulina 1996:581 [ref. 23199], Parin & Borodulina 1997:772 [ref. 23751], Parin & Borodulina 1998:163 [ref. 24177], Parin et al. 1999:581 [ref. 24878], Harold 1999:1906 [ref. 24741], Parin & Bordulina 2000:S15 [ref. 26044], Parin & Borodulina 2002:437 [ref. 26267], Harold 2003:895 [ref. 27001], Parin & Borodulina 2003:582 [ref. 27333], Parin et al. 2003:458 [ref. 27942], Castellanos-Galindo et al. 2006:259 [ref. 28944], Paxton et al. 2006:435 [ref. 28995], Liao et al. 2006:517 [ref. 29419], Kenaley et al. 2008:241 [ref. 30630], Parin et al. 2014:147 [ref. 33547], Stewart & Kenaley 2015:475 [ref. 34250], Fricke et al. 2018:67 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:33 [ref. 36273], Brown et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36444], Fricke et al. 2019:62 [ref. 36673], Nakayama et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38275]). Current status: Valid as Astronesthes Richardson 1845. Stomiidae: Astronesthinae.