Hoplosternum Gill [T. N.] 1858:395 Neut. Callichthys laevigatus Valenciennes 1834. Type by original designation. Spelled Hoplosternon by Bleeker 1862:391 [ref. 391]. •Valid as Hoplosternum Gill 1858 -- (Gosline 1940:6 [ref. 6489], Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860], Malabarba 1989:148 [ref. 14217], Reis 1997:299, 301 [ref. 22747], de Pinna 1998:301 [ref. 23847], Reis 1998:352 [ref. 23849], Britski et al. 1999:124 [ref. 24147], Franz 2001:20 [ref. 25831], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061], Shimabukuro-Dias et al. 2004:158 [ref. 27953], Ferraris 2007:127 [ref. 29155], Scharpf 2007:5 [ref. 30398], Bertaco et al. 2016:416 [ref. 34561]). Current status: Valid as Hoplosternum Gill 1858. Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae.