Gnathophis Kaup [J. J.] 1859:7 Masc. Myrophis heterognathos Bleeker 1858. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Gnathophis Kaup 1859 -- (Blache et al. 1973:241 [ref. 7185], Blache & Bauchot 1976:410 [ref. 305], Smith & Kanazawa 1977:534 [ref. 4036], Karrer 1982:21 [ref. 5679], Asano in Masuda et al. 1984:28 [ref. 6441], Bauchot & Saldanha in Whitehead et al. 1986:569 [ref. 13676], Castle 1986:164 [ref. 5644], Paxton et al. 1989:142 [ref. 12442], Smith 1989:521 [ref. 13285], Gomon et al. 1994:213 [ref. 22532], Smith 1999:1684 [ref. 24661], Karmovskaya & Paxton 2000:S2 [ref. 25768], Smith 2003:747 [ref. 26989], Hoese & Gates 2006:293 [ref. 28997], Smith 2008:177 [ref. 30621], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:19 [ref. 36649], Zhang et al. 2010:205 [ref. 31511], Shinohara et al. 2011:39 [ref. 31715], Smith & Stewart 2015:278 [ref. 34234], Fricke et al. 2018:50 [ref. 35805]). Current status: Valid as Gnathophis Kaup 1859. Congridae: Congrinae.