Phreatobius Goeldi [E. A.] 1905:549 Masc. Phreatobius cisternarum Goeldi 1905. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Phrenatobius in Jordan 1920:480 [ref. 4905] and apparently with date wrongly as 1898. •Synonym of Heptapterus Bleeker 1858 -- (Buckup 1988:643 [ref. 6635], Burgess 1989:282 [ref. 12860], Burgess & Finley 1996:166 [ref. 22901]). •Valid as Phreatobius Goeldi 1905 -- (Stewart 1986:669 [ref. 5211], de Pinna 1998:318 [ref. 23847] with placement uncertain, Bockmann & Guazzelli in Reis et al. 2003:416 [ref. 27061], Muriel-Cunha & de Pinna with family incertae sedis, Proudlove 2006:129 [ref. 28992], Fernández et al. 2007:51 [ref. 29299], Shibatta et al. 2007:191 [ref. 29352], Ferraris 2007:429 [ref. 29155] but unplaced in Siluriformes, Bockmann & Castro 2010:692 [ref. 31072]). Current status: Valid as Phreatobius Goeldi 1905. Phreatobiidae.