Gnathocharax Fowler [H. W.] 1913:560 Masc. Gnathocharax steindachneri Fowler 1913. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Gnathocharax Fowler 1913 -- (Géry 1977:311 [ref. 1597], Taphorn 1992:191 [ref. 23654], Lucena and Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:203 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2009:7 [ref. 30267] and Mirande 2010:489 [ref. 31006] in Characidae, Heterocharacinae with question, Mattox & Toledo-Piza 2012;896:[ref. 32651] in Heterocharacinae, Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Valid as Gnathocharax Fowler 1913. Acestrorhynchidae: Heterocharacinae.