Symphurus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:13, 52 Masc. Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque 1810. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Symphurus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Torchio 1973:635 [ref. 6892], Menezes & Benvegnú Ahlstrom et al. 1984:643 [ref. 13641], Ochiai in Masuda et al. 1984:356 [ref. 6441], Quéro et al. in Whitehead et al. 1986:1327 [ref. 13677], Heemstra 1986:868 [ref. 5660], Chapleau 1988 [ref. 13819], Munroe & Mahadeva 1989 [ref. 17699], Munroe 1990 [ref. 19191], Munroe & Nizinski 1990 [ref. 19193], Mahadeva & Munroe 1990 [ref. 19177], Munroe 1991 [ref. 15142], Munroe 1992 [ref. 20882], Kurtz & Matsuura 1994:141 [ref. 22162], Kim & Choi 1994:810 [ref. 22283], Li & Wang 1995:379 [ref. 16193], Munroe 1998:1 [ref. 23285], Munroe et al. 2000:499 [ref. 24450], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:499 [ref. 24550], Munroe 2001:3891 [ref. 26314], Munroe 2003:1935 [ref. 27118], Munroe 2006:230 [ref. 28683], Hoese & Bray 2006:1857 [ref. 29000], Munroe & Hashimoto 2008:43 [ref. 29763], Lee et al. 2009:49 [ref. 30387], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:75 [ref. 36649], Munroe et al. 2011:53 [ref. 31567], Lee et al. 2013:379 [ref. 32506], Lee et al. 2014:563 [ref. 33409], Pietsch & Orr 2015:72 [ref. 34694], Kwun & Kim 2016:208 [ref. 34467], Lee et al. 2016:[1] [ref. 34740], Robertson et al. 2017:105 [ref. 35676], Fricke et al. 2018:374 [ref. 35805], Brown et al. 2019:170 [ref. 36444], Fricke et al. 2019:318 [ref. 36673], Lee & Munroe 2021:1 [ref. 38632], Lee 2022:233 [ref. 39635], Fricke et al. 2023:24 [ref. 40708]). Current status: Valid as Symphurus Rafinesque 1810. Cynoglossidae: Symphurinae.